WO2012160597A1 - 空気調和装置 - Google Patents
空気調和装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012160597A1 WO2012160597A1 PCT/JP2011/002857 JP2011002857W WO2012160597A1 WO 2012160597 A1 WO2012160597 A1 WO 2012160597A1 JP 2011002857 W JP2011002857 W JP 2011002857W WO 2012160597 A1 WO2012160597 A1 WO 2012160597A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- operation mode
- heat exchanger
- pressure
- expansion device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
- F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
- F25B41/22—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves between evaporator and compressor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/023—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
- F25B2313/0233—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units in parallel arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/0272—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using bridge circuits of one-way valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/13—Economisers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
- F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air conditioner applied to, for example, a building multi-air conditioner, and more particularly to an air conditioner equipped with an injection circuit.
- a compressor, a condenser, a liquid receiver, a pressure reducing device, and an evaporator are sequentially connected in a ring, and a liquid injection circuit for supplying liquid refrigerant from the liquid receiver to the compressor is provided.
- a capillary tube and a flow rate control valve are provided in the liquid injection circuit, and the flow rate adjustment valve includes a refrigeration apparatus that adjusts the injection amount based on the discharge temperature of the compressor (for example, , See Patent Document 1).
- This refrigeration apparatus detects the discharge temperature of the compressor, changes the opening of the flow rate adjusting valve according to the detected temperature, and controls the injection flow rate.
- a heat source side heat exchanger, a pressure reducing device, a use side heat exchanger, and a scroll compressor are connected in order to form a refrigeration cycle, and liquid refrigerant is supplied to the compression mechanism of the scroll compressor.
- a heat pump air conditioner for cold districts provided with a refrigerant circuit for injection (see, for example, Patent Document 2). This heat pump air conditioner controls the discharge temperature of the compressor by performing injection even when the circulation path of the refrigeration cycle is reversed (switching between cooling and heating).
- compressor a plurality of indoor heat exchangers, a plurality of outdoor heat exchangers, and one connection port of the outdoor heat exchanger, a discharge port of the compressor, and a suction port of the compressor are connected.
- the refrigerant flow in which the refrigerant flows from the discharge port of the compressor to one connection port of the outdoor heat exchanger, or the refrigerant flow in which the refrigerant flows from the one connection port of the outdoor heat exchanger to the suction port of the compressor A plurality of outdoor unit side channel switching units that switch refrigerant channels to the channel, one connection port of the indoor heat exchanger, a discharge port of the compressor, and a suction port of the compressor, and the compressor
- the refrigerant flows into the refrigerant flow path through which the refrigerant flows from one outlet of the indoor heat exchanger to one connection port of the indoor heat exchanger, or flows through the refrigerant flow path from one connection port of the indoor heat exchanger to the suction port of the compressor
- This air conditioner is capable of injection in cooling, heating, and mixed operation of cooling and heating, and performs injection by generating an intermediate pressure during heating.
- JP-A-8-210709 PR (8th page, Fig. 2 etc.)
- JP 2010-139205 PR (Page 24, Fig. 1 etc.)
- the present invention has been made in order to cope with the above-described problems, enables injection operation regardless of the operation mode being executed, and controls intermediate pressure and injection flow rate according to the operation mode being executed. It is an object of the present invention to provide an air conditioner with greatly improved reliability by controlling so that the discharge temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor does not become too high.
- An air conditioner according to the present invention is a refrigerant in which a low-pressure shell structure compressor, a refrigerant flow switching device, a first heat exchanger, a first expansion device, and a second heat exchanger are connected by piping.
- a circulation circuit is configured, and by the action of the refrigerant flow switching device, a high-pressure refrigerant is caused to flow through the first heat exchanger so as to operate as a condenser, and a low-pressure refrigerant is partially or entirely included in the second heat exchanger.
- Cooling operation to operate as an evaporator, and low pressure refrigerant to flow to the first heat exchanger to operate as an evaporator and high pressure refrigerant to flow to a part or all of the second heat exchanger to condense An air conditioner that can be switched between a heating operation that operates as a compressor, and an opening is provided in a part of the compression chamber in the course of compression in the compressor, and from the outside of the compressor through the opening An injector for introducing the refrigerant into the compression chamber.
- the second expansion device for decompressing the refrigerant flowing through the first expansion device and flowing from the second heat exchanger side to the first heat exchanger side during the heating operation, and the injection piping And a control device that controls the opening of at least one of the second throttle device and the third throttle device to adjust the amount of the refrigerant flowing in the injection pipe.
- the refrigerant flowing into the second or third throttle device that controls the injection flow rate can be liquefied and discharged from the stable injection control and compressor regardless of the operation mode.
- control prevents the discharge temperature of the refrigerant to be increased from becoming too high.
- FIG. 6 is a ph diagram showing state transition of the heat source side refrigerant when the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is in the heating only operation mode.
- It is a refrigerant circuit figure which shows the flow of the refrigerant
- It is a ph diagram which shows the state transition of the heat-source side refrigerant
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an installation example of an air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Based on FIG. 1, the installation example of an air conditioning apparatus is demonstrated.
- This air conditioner uses a refrigeration cycle (refrigerant circulation circuit A, heat medium circulation circuit B) that circulates refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant, heat medium) so that each indoor unit can be in the cooling mode or the heating mode as an operation mode. It can be freely selected.
- refrigerant circulation circuit A, heat medium circulation circuit B that circulates refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant, heat medium) so that each indoor unit can be in the cooling mode or the heating mode as an operation mode. It can be freely selected.
- refrigerant circulation circuit A heat medium circulation circuit B
- refrigerant heat source side refrigerant, heat medium
- the relationship of the size of each component may be different from the actual one.
- the air-conditioning apparatus is interposed between one outdoor unit 1 that is a heat source unit, a plurality of indoor units 2, and the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 2. And a heat medium relay unit 3.
- the heat medium relay unit 3 performs heat exchange between the heat source side refrigerant and the heat medium.
- the outdoor unit 1 and the heat medium relay unit 3 are connected by a refrigerant pipe 4 that conducts the heat source side refrigerant.
- the heat medium relay unit 3 and the indoor unit 2 are connected by a pipe (heat medium pipe) 5 that conducts the heat medium.
- the cold or warm heat generated by the outdoor unit 1 is delivered to the indoor unit 2 via the heat medium converter 3.
- the outdoor unit 1 is usually disposed in an outdoor space 6 that is a space (for example, a rooftop) outside a building 9 such as a building, and supplies cold or hot energy to the indoor unit 2 via the heat medium converter 3. It is.
- the indoor unit 2 is arranged at a position where cooling air or heating air can be supplied to the indoor space 7 that is a space (for example, a living room) inside the building 9, and the cooling air is supplied to the indoor space 7 that is the air-conditioning target space. Alternatively, heating air is supplied.
- the heat medium relay unit 3 is configured as a separate housing from the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 2 and is configured to be installed at a position different from the outdoor space 6 and the indoor space 7. Is connected to the refrigerant pipe 4 and the pipe 5, respectively, and transmits cold heat or hot heat supplied from the outdoor unit 1 to the indoor unit 2.
- the outdoor unit 1 and the heat medium converter 3 use two refrigerant pipes 4, and the heat medium converter 3 and each indoor unit. 2 are connected to each other using two pipes 5.
- each unit (outdoor unit 1, indoor unit 2, and heat medium converter 3) is connected using two pipes (refrigerant pipe 4, pipe 5). By doing so, construction is easy.
- the heat medium converter 3 is installed in a space such as the back of the ceiling (hereinafter simply referred to as a space 8) that is inside the building 9 but is different from the indoor space 7.
- the state is shown as an example.
- the heat medium relay 3 can also be installed in a common space where there is an elevator or the like.
- the indoor unit 2 is a ceiling cassette type
- mold is shown as an example, it is not limited to this, It is directly or directly in the indoor space 7, such as a ceiling embedded type and a ceiling suspended type. Any type of air can be used as long as heating air or cooling air can be blown out by a duct or the like.
- FIG. 1 shows an example in which the outdoor unit 1 is installed in the outdoor space 6, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the outdoor unit 1 may be installed in an enclosed space such as a machine room with a ventilation opening. If the exhaust heat can be exhausted outside the building 9 by an exhaust duct, the outdoor unit 1 may be installed inside the building 9. It may be installed or may be installed inside the building 9 using the water-cooled outdoor unit 1. No matter what place the outdoor unit 1 is installed, no particular problem occurs.
- the heat medium converter 3 can also be installed in the vicinity of the outdoor unit 1. However, it should be noted that if the distance from the heat medium relay unit 3 to the indoor unit 2 is too long, the power for transporting the heat medium becomes considerably large, and the energy saving effect is diminished. Furthermore, the number of connected outdoor units 1, indoor units 2, and heat medium converters 3 is not limited to the number illustrated in FIG. 1, but a building 9 in which the air-conditioning apparatus according to the first embodiment is installed. The number of units may be determined according to.
- the plurality of heat medium converters 3 When connecting a plurality of heat medium converters 3 to one outdoor unit 1, the plurality of heat medium converters 3 are scattered in a common space or a space such as a ceiling in a building. Can be installed. By doing so, an air-conditioning load can be covered with the heat exchanger between heat media in each heat medium converter 3.
- the indoor unit 2 can be installed at a distance or height within the allowable transfer range of the heat medium transfer device in each heat medium converter 3 and can be arranged on the entire building such as a building. It becomes.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit configuration diagram showing an example of a circuit configuration of the air-conditioning apparatus (hereinafter referred to as the air-conditioning apparatus 100) according to Embodiment 1. Based on FIG. 2, the structure of the air conditioning apparatus 100 is demonstrated easily.
- the outdoor unit 1 and the heat medium relay unit 3 are connected to the refrigerant pipe 4 via the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 b provided in the heat medium converter 3. Connected with.
- the heat medium relay unit 3 and the indoor unit 2 are also connected by the pipe 5 via the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b.
- the refrigerant pipe 4 and the pipe 5 will be described in detail later.
- Outdoor unit 1 In the outdoor unit 1, a compressor 10, a first refrigerant flow switching device 11 such as a four-way valve, a heat source side heat exchanger 12, and an accumulator 19 are connected and connected in series through a refrigerant pipe 4. Yes.
- the outdoor unit 1 is also provided with a first connection pipe 4a, a second connection pipe 4b, a check valve 13a, a check valve 13b, a check valve 13c, and a check valve 13d.
- heat is provided by providing the first connection pipe 4a, the second connection pipe 4b, the check valve 13a, the check valve 13b, the check valve 13c, and the check valve 13d.
- the flow of the heat source side refrigerant flowing into the medium converter 3 can be in a certain direction.
- the compressor 10 sucks the heat source side refrigerant and compresses the heat source side refrigerant to a high temperature and high pressure state.
- the compressor 10 may be composed of an inverter compressor capable of capacity control.
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 has a flow of the heat source side refrigerant during heating operation (in the heating only operation mode and heating main operation mode) and a cooling operation (in the cooling only operation mode and cooling main operation mode). The flow of the heat source side refrigerant is switched.
- the heat source side heat exchanger 12 functions as an evaporator during heating operation, functions as a condenser (or radiator) during cooling operation, and exchanges heat between air supplied from a blower (not shown) and the heat source side refrigerant.
- the heat source side refrigerant is evaporated and condensed or liquefied.
- the accumulator 19 is provided on the suction side of the compressor 10 and stores excess refrigerant due to a difference between the heating operation and the cooling operation, or excess refrigerant with respect to a transient change in operation.
- the check valve 13d is provided in the refrigerant pipe 4 between the heat medium converter 3 and the first refrigerant flow switching device 11, and only in a predetermined direction (direction from the heat medium converter 3 to the outdoor unit 1).
- the flow of the heat source side refrigerant is allowed.
- the check valve 13 a is provided in the refrigerant pipe 4 between the heat source side heat exchanger 12 and the heat medium converter 3, and only on a heat source side in a predetermined direction (direction from the outdoor unit 1 to the heat medium converter 3).
- the refrigerant flow is allowed.
- the check valve 13b is provided in the first connection pipe 4a, and causes the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 to flow to the heat medium converter 3 during the heating operation.
- the check valve 13 c is provided in the second connection pipe 4 b and causes the heat source side refrigerant returned from the heat medium relay unit 3 to flow to the suction side of the compressor 10 during the heating operation.
- the first connection pipe 4a is a refrigerant pipe 4 between the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and the check valve 13d, and a refrigerant between the check valve 13a and the heat medium relay unit 3.
- the pipe 4 is connected.
- the second connection pipe 4b includes a refrigerant pipe 4 between the check valve 13d and the heat medium relay unit 3, and a refrigerant pipe 4 between the heat source side heat exchanger 12 and the check valve 13a. Are connected to each other.
- an upper limit value of the refrigerant temperature is set.
- This upper limit temperature is usually 120 ° C. Since the highest temperature in the refrigeration cycle is the refrigerant temperature (discharge temperature) on the discharge side of the compressor 10, control may be performed so that the discharge temperature does not exceed 120 ° C.
- the discharge temperature when a refrigerant such as R410A is used, the discharge temperature rarely reaches 120 ° C. in normal operation.
- R32 is used as a refrigerant, the discharge temperature increases physically, so that the discharge temperature is discharged to the refrigeration cycle. It is necessary to provide a means for lowering the temperature.
- the outdoor unit 1 includes a gas-liquid separator 27a, a gas-liquid separator 27b, an opening / closing device 24, a backflow prevention device 20, a throttling device 14a, a throttling device 14b, a branch pipe 4d, an injection pipe 4c, and refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchange.
- a device 28, a medium pressure detection device 32, a discharge refrigerant temperature detection device 37, a high pressure detection device 39, a suction pressure detection device 33, a suction refrigerant temperature detection device 38, and a control device 50 are provided.
- the compressor 10 has a compression chamber in a hermetic container, the inside of the hermetic container has a low-pressure refrigerant pressure atmosphere, and has a low-pressure shell structure that sucks and compresses the low-pressure refrigerant in the hermetic container in the compression chamber. I am using it.
- the gas-liquid separator 27a is located downstream of the check valve 13a and closer to the heat medium converter 3 than the connection portion of the first connection pipe 4a, and separates the flowing heat source side refrigerant with gas and liquid, The separated heat source side refrigerant is divided into the refrigerant pipe 4 and the branch pipe 4d.
- the gas-liquid separator 27b is installed upstream of the check valve 13d and closer to the heat medium converter 3 than the connection portion of the second connection pipe 4b, and separates the flowing heat source side refrigerant with gas and liquid, The separated heat source side refrigerant is divided into the refrigerant pipe 4 and the branch pipe 4d.
- the branch pipe 4d is a refrigerant pipe that connects the gas-liquid separator 27a and the gas-liquid separator 27b.
- the injection pipe 4 c is a refrigerant pipe that connects the branch pipe 4 d between the opening / closing device 24 and the backflow prevention device 20 and an injection port (not shown) of the compressor 10.
- the injection port communicates with an opening formed in a part of the compression chamber of the compressor 10.
- the injection pipe 4 c enables the refrigerant to be introduced (injected) from the outside of the sealed container of the compressor 10 into the compression chamber.
- the opening / closing device 24 is installed closer to the gas-liquid separator 27a than the connecting portion of the branch pipe 4d to the injection pipe 4c, and opens and closes the branch pipe 4d.
- the backflow prevention device 20 is installed closer to the gas-liquid separator 27b than the connecting portion of the branch pipe 4d to the injection pipe 4c, and only in a predetermined direction (direction from the gas-liquid separator 27b to the gas-liquid separator 27a). The flow of the heat source side refrigerant is allowed.
- the expansion device 14a is provided on the upstream side of the check valve 13c of the second connection pipe 4b, has a function as a pressure reducing valve or an expansion valve, and expands the heat source side refrigerant by reducing the pressure.
- the expansion device 14b is provided at a position downstream of the primary and secondary sides of the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 in the injection pipe 4c, and has a function as a pressure reducing valve and an expansion valve, and decompresses the heat source side refrigerant. And expand.
- the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 performs heat exchange between the heat source side refrigerants flowing through the injection pipe 4c. That is, the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 exchanges heat between the heat source side refrigerant (primary side) flowing into the injection pipe 4c and the heat source side refrigerant (secondary side) passing through the expansion device 14b. It is arrange
- the intermediate pressure detection device 32 is provided upstream of the check valve 13d and the expansion device 14a and downstream of the gas-liquid separator 27b, and detects the pressure of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant pipe 4 at the installation position. It is.
- the discharge refrigerant temperature detection device 37 is provided on the discharge side of the compressor 10 and detects the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10.
- the suction refrigerant temperature detection device 38 is provided on the suction side of the compressor 10 and detects the temperature of the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 10.
- the high pressure detector 39 is provided on the discharge side of the compressor 10 and detects the pressure of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10.
- the suction pressure detection device 33 is provided on the suction side of the compressor 10 and detects the pressure of the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 10.
- the control device 50 introduces the refrigerant into the compression chamber of the compressor 10 from the injection pipe 4c, and determines the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 or the superheat degree (discharge superheat) of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10. Is to lower. That is, the controller 50 controls the opening / closing device 24, the expansion device 14a, the expansion device 14b, and the like, so that the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 can be lowered and can be operated safely.
- the control device 50 is configured by a microcomputer or the like, and performs control based on detection information from various detection devices and instructions from a remote controller.
- the above-described actuators for example, the opening / closing device 24, the aperture device 14a
- the driving frequency of the compressor 10 the rotational speed of the blower (not shown) (including ON / OFF), switching of the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and the like are controlled, which will be described later.
- Each operation mode is executed.
- the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 is about 70 ° C. due to the physical properties of R410A.
- the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 is about 86 ° C. due to the physical properties of R32. That is, when R32 is used as the refrigerant, the discharge temperature is increased by about 16 ° C. compared to when R410A is used.
- the compressor 10 performs polytropic compression, which is an operation that is less efficient than adiabatic compression, so that the discharge temperature is further higher than the above value.
- polytropic compression which is an operation that is less efficient than adiabatic compression, so that the discharge temperature is further higher than the above value.
- R410A is used as a refrigerant, it frequently occurs that the operation is performed with the discharge temperature exceeding 100 ° C.
- R32 is used as a refrigerant under the condition that the discharge temperature is higher than 104 ° C. in R410A, the discharge temperature limit of 120 ° C. is exceeded, so the discharge temperature needs to be lowered.
- the compressor uses a high-pressure shell structure in which the suction refrigerant is directly sucked into the compression chamber and the refrigerant discharged from the compression chamber is discharged into a sealed container around the compression chamber,
- the discharge temperature can be lowered by moistening the saturated state and sucking the two-phase refrigerant into the compression chamber.
- a compressor having a low-pressure shell structure is used as the compressor 10
- the suction refrigerant is moistened, the liquid refrigerant accumulates in the shell of the compressor 10 and the two-phase refrigerant is sucked into the compression chamber. None happen.
- the compressor 10 when the compressor 10 having a low-pressure shell structure is used and an R32 refrigerant or the like whose discharge temperature is high is used, in order to lower the discharge temperature, the compressor 10 can be moved from the outside of the compressor 10 to the compression chamber in the middle of compression.
- a method of injecting a low-temperature refrigerant and reducing the temperature of the refrigerant is conceivable. Therefore, the discharge temperature may be lowered by the method described above.
- control of the injection flow rate to the compression chamber of the compressor 10 may be performed by controlling the discharge temperature to be a target value, for example, 100 ° C., and changing the control target value according to the outside air temperature.
- the injection flow rate to the compression chamber of the compressor 10 may be controlled such that the injection is performed when the discharge temperature is likely to exceed a target value, for example, 110 ° C., and the injection is not performed when the discharge temperature is lower than the target value.
- the injection flow rate to the compression chamber of the compressor 10 is controlled so that the discharge temperature is within a target range, for example, 80 ° C. to 100 ° C., and the injection temperature is likely to exceed the upper limit of the target range.
- the injection flow rate may be reduced when the flow rate is increased and the discharge temperature is likely to fall below the lower limit of the target range.
- the injection flow rate into the compression chamber of the compressor 10 is controlled by using the high pressure detected by the high pressure detection device 39 and the discharge temperature detected by the discharge refrigerant temperature detection device 37.
- the degree of heating may be calculated, the injection flow rate may be controlled so that the discharge superheat becomes a target value, for example, 30 ° C., and the control target value may be changed according to the outside air temperature.
- the injection flow rate to the compression chamber of the compressor 10 may be controlled such that the injection is performed when the discharge superheat is likely to exceed a target value, for example, 40 ° C., and the injection superheat is not performed when the discharge superheat is less than the target value. .
- control of the injection flow rate into the compression chamber of the compressor 10 is performed so that the discharge superheat is within a target range, for example, 10 ° C. to 40 ° C., and the discharge superheat is likely to exceed the upper limit of the target range.
- the injection flow rate may be increased and the injection flow rate may be reduced when the discharge superheat is likely to fall below the lower limit of the target range.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the configuration of the first embodiment can lower the discharge temperature and achieve the same effect. In particular, if the refrigerant is 3 ° C. or higher than R410A, the effect is greater.
- Figure 3 is a mass ratio of R32 when mixed refrigerant using (R32 and global warming is small
- the discharge temperature is set in the same manner as described above.
- the change of the discharge temperature with respect to the mass ratio of R32 in the trial calculation will be described.
- the discharge temperature is about 70 ° C., which is substantially the same as that of R410A.
- the discharge temperature is about 73 ° C., which is 3 ° C. higher than the discharge temperature of R410A. I know it will be.
- the mixed refrigerant of R32 and HFO1234ze when the mixed refrigerant having a mass ratio of R32 of 43% or more is used, if the discharge temperature is lowered by injection, the effect is great.
- the type of refrigerant in the mixed refrigerant is not limited to this, and even a mixed refrigerant containing a small amount of other refrigerant components has no significant effect on the discharge temperature and has the same effect.
- it can be used in a mixed refrigerant containing a small amount of R32, HFO1234yf, and other refrigerants.
- the calculation here is based on the assumption of adiabatic compression, and since actual compression is performed by polytropic compression, it is several tens of degrees higher than the temperature described here, for example, 20 ° C. This is a higher value.
- Each indoor unit 2 is equipped with a use side heat exchanger 26.
- the use side heat exchanger 26 is connected to the heat medium flow control device 25 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 of the heat medium converter 3 by the pipe 5.
- This use side heat exchanger 26 performs heat exchange between air supplied from a blower (not shown) and a heat medium, and generates heating air or cooling air to be supplied to the indoor space 7. is there.
- FIG. 2 shows an example in which four indoor units 2 are connected to the heat medium relay unit 3, and are illustrated as an indoor unit 2a, an indoor unit 2b, an indoor unit 2c, and an indoor unit 2d from the bottom of the page. Show.
- the use side heat exchanger 26 also uses the use side heat exchanger 26a, the use side heat exchanger 26b, the use side heat exchanger 26c, and the use side heat exchange from the lower side of the drawing. It is shown as a container 26d.
- the number of connected indoor units 2 is not limited to four as shown in FIG.
- the heat medium relay 3 includes two heat medium heat exchangers 15, two expansion devices 16, two switch devices 17, two second refrigerant flow switching devices 18, and two pumps 21.
- Four first heat medium flow switching devices 22, four second heat medium flow switching devices 23, and four heat medium flow control devices 25 are mounted.
- each apparatus mounted in the heat medium converter 3 it shall be demonstrated with the following operation modes.
- the two heat exchangers between heat mediums 15 function as a condenser (heat radiator) or an evaporator, and heat is generated by the heat source side refrigerant and the heat medium. Exchange is performed, and the cold or warm heat generated in the outdoor unit 1 and stored in the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium.
- the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a is provided between the expansion device 16a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a in the refrigerant circuit A and serves to cool the heat medium in the cooling / heating mixed operation mode. is there.
- the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is provided between the expansion device 16b and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b in the refrigerant circuit A, and serves to heat the heat medium in the cooling / heating mixed operation mode. Is.
- the two expansion devices 16 have functions as pressure reducing valves and expansion valves, and expand the heat source side refrigerant by reducing the pressure.
- the expansion device 16a is provided on the upstream side of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a in the flow of the heat source side refrigerant during the cooling operation.
- the expansion device 16b is provided on the upstream side of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b in the flow of the heat source side refrigerant during the cooling operation.
- the two throttling devices 16 may be constituted by devices whose opening degree (opening area) can be variably controlled, for example, an electronic expansion valve.
- the two opening / closing devices 17 are constituted by two-way valves or the like, and open / close the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the opening / closing device 17a is provided in the refrigerant pipe 4 on the inlet side of the heat source side refrigerant.
- the opening / closing device 17b is provided in a pipe (bypass pipe 24d) connecting the refrigerant pipe 4 on the inlet side and outlet side of the heat source side refrigerant.
- the opening / closing device 17 may be any device that can open and close the refrigerant pipe 4, and for example, an electronic expansion valve or the like that can variably control the opening degree may be used.
- the two second refrigerant flow switching devices 18 are configured by four-way valves or the like, and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 according to the operation mode. Switches the flow of the heat-source-side refrigerant so as to act as a condenser or an evaporator.
- the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a is provided on the downstream side of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a in the flow of the heat source side refrigerant during the cooling operation.
- the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b is provided on the downstream side of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b in the flow of the heat source side refrigerant during the cooling only operation.
- the two pumps 21 (pump 21a and pump 21b) circulate the heat medium that conducts the pipe 5 to the heat medium circuit B.
- the pump 21 a is provided in the pipe 5 between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 a and the second heat medium flow switching device 23.
- the pump 21 b is provided in the pipe 5 between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 b and the second heat medium flow switching device 23.
- the two pumps 21 may be configured by, for example, pumps capable of capacity control, and the flow rate thereof may be adjusted depending on the load in the indoor unit 2.
- the four first heat medium flow switching devices 22 are configured by three-way valves or the like, and switch the heat medium flow channels. Is.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 22 is provided in a number (here, four) according to the number of indoor units 2 installed. In the first heat medium flow switching device 22, one of the three sides is in the heat exchanger 15a, one of the three is in the heat exchanger 15b, and one of the three is in the heat medium flow rate.
- Each is connected to the adjusting device 25 and provided on the outlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 26.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 22a, the first heat medium flow switching device 22b, the first heat medium flow switching device 22c, and the first heat medium flow from the lower side of the drawing. This is illustrated as a switching device 22d.
- the switching of the heat medium flow path includes not only complete switching from one to the other but also partial switching from one to the other.
- the four second heat medium flow switching devices 23 are configured by three-way valves or the like, and switch the flow path of the heat medium. Is.
- the number of the second heat medium flow switching devices 23 is set according to the number of installed indoor units 2 (here, four).
- the heat exchanger is connected to the exchanger 26 and provided on the inlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 26.
- the second heat medium flow switching device 23a, the second heat medium flow switching device 23b, the second heat medium flow switching device 23c, and the second heat medium flow from the lower side of the drawing. This is illustrated as a switching device 23d.
- the switching of the heat medium flow path includes not only complete switching from one to the other but also partial switching from one to the other.
- the four heat medium flow control devices 25 are configured by a two-way valve or the like that can control the opening area, and controls the flow rate flowing through the pipe 5. is there.
- the number of the heat medium flow control devices 25 is set according to the number of indoor units 2 installed (four in this case).
- One of the heat medium flow control devices 25 is connected to the use side heat exchanger 26 and the other is connected to the first heat medium flow switching device 22, and is connected to the outlet side of the heat medium flow channel of the use side heat exchanger 26. Is provided.
- the heat medium flow control device 25 adjusts the amount of the heat medium flowing into the indoor unit 2 according to the temperature of the heat medium flowing into the indoor unit 2 and the temperature of the heat medium flowing out, so that the optimum heat according to the indoor load is adjusted.
- the medium amount can be provided to the indoor unit 2.
- the heat medium flow rate adjustment device 25a, the heat medium flow rate adjustment device 25b, the heat medium flow rate adjustment device 25c, and the heat medium flow rate adjustment device 25d are illustrated from the lower side of the drawing.
- the heat medium flow control device 25 may be provided on the inlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 26.
- the heat medium flow control device 25 may be provided on the inlet side of the heat medium flow path of the use side heat exchanger 26 and between the second heat medium flow switching device 23 and the use side heat exchanger 26. Good.
- the indoor unit 2 does not require a load such as stop or thermo OFF, the heat medium supply to the indoor unit 2 can be stopped by fully closing the heat medium flow control device 25.
- the heat medium relay 3 is provided with various detection devices (two first temperature sensors 31, four second temperature sensors 34, four third temperature sensors 35, and two pressure sensors 36). Yes. Information (temperature information, pressure information) detected by these detection devices is sent to a control device (for example, the control device 50) that performs overall control of the operation of the air conditioner 100, and the drive frequency of the compressor 10 (not shown). It is used for control of the rotational speed of the blower, switching of the first refrigerant flow switching device 11, driving frequency of the pump 21, switching of the second refrigerant flow switching device 18, switching of the flow path of the heat medium, and the like. .
- the state in which the control device 50 is mounted in the outdoor unit 1 is shown as an example, the present invention is not limited to this, and communication with the heat medium relay unit 3 or the indoor unit 2 or each unit is possible. You may make it mount.
- the two first temperature sensors 31 are the heat medium flowing out from the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15, that is, the temperature of the heat medium at the outlet of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15.
- a thermistor may be used.
- the first temperature sensor 31a is provided in the pipe 5 on the inlet side of the pump 21a.
- the first temperature sensor 31b is provided in the pipe 5 on the inlet side of the pump 21b.
- the four second temperature sensors 34 are provided between the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the heat medium flow control device 25, and use side heat exchangers.
- the temperature of the heat medium that has flowed out of the heater 26 is detected, and it may be constituted by a thermistor or the like.
- the number of the second temperature sensors 34 (four here) according to the number of indoor units 2 installed is provided. In correspondence with the indoor unit 2, the second temperature sensor 34a, the second temperature sensor 34b, the second temperature sensor 34c, and the second temperature sensor 34d are illustrated from the lower side of the drawing.
- the four third temperature sensors 35 are provided on the inlet side or the outlet side of the heat source side refrigerant of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15, and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15
- the temperature of the heat source side refrigerant flowing into the heat source or the temperature of the heat source side refrigerant flowing out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 is detected, and may be composed of a thermistor or the like.
- the third temperature sensor 35a is provided between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a.
- the third temperature sensor 35b is provided between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the expansion device 16a.
- the third temperature sensor 35c is provided between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b.
- the third temperature sensor 35d is provided between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the expansion device 16b.
- the pressure sensor 36b is provided between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the expansion device 16b, and between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the expansion device 16b.
- the pressure of the flowing heat source side refrigerant is detected.
- the pressure sensor 36a is provided between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a, and is connected to the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the second heat exchanger 15a.
- the pressure of the heat source side refrigerant flowing between the refrigerant flow switching device 18a is detected.
- control device for example, the control device 50 provided in the outdoor unit 1
- the control device is configured by a microcomputer or the like, and drives and throttles the pump 21 based on detection information from various detection devices and instructions from a remote controller. 16 opening degree, opening and closing of switching device 17, switching of second refrigerant flow switching device 18, switching of first heat medium flow switching device 22, switching of second heat medium flow switching device 23, and heat medium
- the opening degree of the flow rate adjusting device 25 is controlled, and each operation mode to be described later is executed.
- the control device may be provided only in either the outdoor unit 1 or the heat medium relay unit 3.
- the pipe 5 that conducts the heat medium is composed of one that is connected to the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and one that is connected to the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b.
- the pipe 5 is branched (here, four branches each) according to the number of indoor units 2 connected to the heat medium relay unit 3.
- the pipe 5 is connected by a first heat medium flow switching device 22 and a second heat medium flow switching device 23.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 By controlling the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23, the heat medium from the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a flows into the use-side heat exchanger 26, or the heat medium Whether the heat medium from the intermediate heat exchanger 15b flows into the use side heat exchanger 26 is determined.
- the refrigerant of the compressor 10 the first refrigerant flow switching device 11, the heat source side heat exchanger 12, the switchgear 17, the second refrigerant flow switching device 18, and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 is used.
- the flow path, the expansion device 16 and the accumulator 19 are connected by the refrigerant pipe 4 to constitute the refrigerant circulation circuit A.
- the switching device 23 is connected by a pipe 5 to constitute a heat medium circulation circuit B. That is, a plurality of usage-side heat exchangers 26 are connected in parallel to each of the heat exchangers between heat media 15, and the heat medium circulation circuit B has a plurality of systems.
- the outdoor unit 1 and the heat medium relay unit 3 are connected via the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b provided in the heat medium converter 3.
- the heat medium relay unit 3 and the indoor unit 2 are also connected via the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b. That is, in the air conditioner 100, the heat source side refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circuit A and the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B exchange heat in the intermediate heat exchanger 15a and the intermediate heat exchanger 15b. It is like that.
- the air conditioner 100 can perform a cooling operation or a heating operation in the indoor unit 2 based on an instruction from each indoor unit 2. That is, the air conditioner 100 can perform the same operation for all of the indoor units 2 and can perform different operations for each of the indoor units 2.
- the operation mode executed by the air conditioner 100 includes a cooling only operation mode in which all the driven indoor units 2 execute a cooling operation, and a heating only operation in which all the driven indoor units 2 execute a heating operation.
- each operation mode is demonstrated with the flow of a heat-source side refrigerant
- FIG. 4 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the cooling only operation mode.
- the cooling only operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a cooling load is generated only in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the pipes represented by the thick lines indicate the pipes through which the refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) flows.
- the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by solid line arrows
- the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by broken line arrows.
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 is switched so that the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12.
- the pump 21a and the pump 21b are driven, the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b are opened, and the heat medium flow control device 25c and the heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed.
- the heat medium circulates between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 via the first refrigerant flow switching device 11. Then, the heat source side heat exchanger 12 condenses and liquefies while radiating heat to the outdoor air, and becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source side heat exchanger 12 passes through the check valve 13a, partly flows out of the outdoor unit 1 through the gas-liquid separator 27a, and passes through the refrigerant pipe 4 to convert the heat medium. It flows into the machine 3.
- the high-pressure liquid refrigerant that has flowed into the heat medium relay unit 3 is branched after passing through the opening / closing device 17a and is expanded by the expansion device 16a and the expansion device 16b to become a low-temperature low-pressure two-phase refrigerant.
- This two-phase refrigerant flows into each of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b acting as an evaporator, and absorbs heat from the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circulation circuit B. It becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant while cooling.
- the gas refrigerant flowing out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b flows out of the heat medium converter 3 via the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b.
- the refrigerant flows into the outdoor unit 1 again through the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor unit 1 is again sucked into the compressor 10 through the gas-liquid separator 27b, through the check valve 13d, through the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and the accumulator 19. .
- the expansion device 16a has an opening degree (superheat) so that the superheat (superheat degree) obtained as a difference between the temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35a and the temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35b becomes constant. Opening area) is controlled. Similarly, the opening degree of the expansion device 16b is controlled so that the superheat obtained as the difference between the temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35c and the temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35d is constant.
- the opening / closing device 17a is open and the opening / closing device 17b is closed.
- FIG. 5 is a ph diagram (pressure-enthalpy diagram) showing the state transition of the heat source side refrigerant in the cooling only operation mode.
- the vertical axis represents pressure and the horizontal axis represents enthalpy.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant sucked from the suction port of the compressor 10 is introduced into the sealed container, and the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant filled in the sealed container is sucked into the compression chamber (not shown). Is done.
- the internal volume of the compression chamber decreases while it is rotated 0 to 360 degrees by a motor (not shown).
- the internal refrigerant sucked into the compression chamber is compressed and the pressure and temperature rise as the internal volume of the compression chamber decreases.
- an opening formed in a part of the compression chamber
- Ten external injection pipes 4c communicate with each other.
- the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 10 is condensed and liquefied by the heat source side heat exchanger 12 to become a high-pressure liquid refrigerant (point J in FIG. 5), and through the check valve 13a, The gas-liquid separator 27a is reached.
- the switchgear 24 is opened, and the high-pressure liquid refrigerant is branched by the gas-liquid separator 27a and flows into the injection pipe 4c via the switchgear 24 and the branch pipe 4d.
- the refrigerant flowing into the injection pipe 4c is depressurized by the expansion device 14b via the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28, and becomes a low-temperature medium-pressure two-phase refrigerant.
- heat exchange is performed between the heat-source-side refrigerant (primary-side refrigerant) before being decompressed by the expansion device 14b and the decompressed refrigerant (secondary-side refrigerant). Is called.
- the heat-source-side refrigerant flowing into the expansion device 14b is cooled by the heat-source-side refrigerant whose pressure and temperature are reduced by reducing the pressure and temperature in the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 (point J 'in FIG. 5).
- This heat-source-side refrigerant is squeezed by the expansion device 14b (point K ′ in FIG. 5) and then heated by the heat-source-side refrigerant before decompression in the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 (point K in FIG. 5). .
- the medium-pressure gas refrigerant (point F in FIG. 5) and the low-temperature medium-pressure two-phase refrigerant (point K in FIG. 5) are mixed to lower the temperature of the refrigerant (FIG. 5). Point H).
- the discharge temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 decreases (point I in FIG. 5).
- the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 when such injection is not performed is point G in FIG. 5, and it can be seen that the discharge temperature is decreased from point G to point I by the injection.
- the expansion device 14b may not be able to perform stable control. Therefore, by configuring the air conditioner 100 in such a configuration, even if the subcool (supercooling degree) at the outlet of the heat source side heat exchanger 12 is small due to a small amount of refrigerant enclosed, the expansion device The liquid refrigerant can be reliably supplied to 14b, and stable control is possible.
- the refrigerant in the flow path from the opening / closing device 24 of the branch pipe 4d to the backflow prevention device 20 is a high-pressure refrigerant, and returns to the outdoor unit 1 from the heat medium converter 3 via the refrigerant pipe 4,
- the refrigerant that reaches the separator 27b is a low-pressure refrigerant.
- the backflow prevention device 20 prevents refrigerant flowing from the branch pipe 4d to the gas-liquid separator 27b, and the high-pressure refrigerant in the branch pipe 4d is mixed with the low-pressure refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 27b by the action of the backflow prevention device 20. Is preventing.
- the opening / closing device 24 may be one that can change the opening area of an electronic expansion valve or the like, in addition to one that can switch opening and closing of a solenoid valve or the like, and any device that can change opening and closing of a flow path.
- the backflow prevention device 20 may be a check valve, or a device that can switch the opening and closing of the flow path, such as an electromagnetic valve or the like that can be switched and an electronic expansion valve or the like that can change the opening area.
- the expansion device 14a since the refrigerant does not flow, the expansion device 14a may be set to an arbitrary opening degree.
- the expansion device 14b can change the opening area of an electronic expansion valve or the like, and the opening area of the expansion device 14b is controlled so that the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 detected by the discharge refrigerant temperature detection device 37 does not become too high. Is done.
- a control method when the discharge temperature exceeds a certain value, for example, 110 ° C., it may be controlled to open by a certain opening degree, for example, 10 pulses, or the discharge temperature is set to a target value, for example, 100 ° C. You may control an opening degree so that it may become.
- the expansion device 14b may be a capillary tube, and an amount of refrigerant corresponding to the pressure difference may be injected.
- the flow of the heat medium in the heat medium circuit B will be described.
- the cold heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium in both the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b, and the cooled heat medium is piped 5 by the pump 21a and the pump 21b.
- the inside will be allowed to flow.
- the heat medium pressurized and discharged by the pump 21a and the pump 21b passes through the second heat medium flow switching device 23a and the second heat medium flow switching device 23b, and the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchange. Flows into the vessel 26b.
- the heat medium absorbs heat from the indoor air in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b, thereby cooling the indoor space 7.
- the heat medium flows out of the use-side heat exchanger 26a and the use-side heat exchanger 26b and flows into the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b.
- the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b control the flow rate of the heat medium to a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the room, so that the use-side heat exchanger 26a. And it flows into the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the heat medium flowing out from the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b passes through the first heat medium flow switching device 22a and the first heat medium flow switching device 22b, and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a. And flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b, and is sucked into the pump 21a and the pump 21b again.
- the heat medium is directed from the second heat medium flow switching device 23 to the first heat medium flow switching device 22 via the heat medium flow control device 25.
- the air conditioning load required in the indoor space 7 includes the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 31a, the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 31b, and the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor 34. It is possible to cover by controlling so that the difference between the two is kept at the target value.
- the outlet temperature of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 either the temperature of the first temperature sensor 31a or the first temperature sensor 31b may be used, or the average temperature thereof may be used.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 ensure a flow path that flows to both the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b.
- the intermediate opening is set.
- FIG. 6 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the heating only operation mode.
- the heating only operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a thermal load is generated only in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- tube represented by the thick line has shown the piping through which a refrigerant
- the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by solid line arrows, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by broken line arrows.
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 uses the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 without passing through the heat source side heat exchanger 12. It switches so that it may flow into converter 3.
- the pump 21a and the pump 21b are driven, the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b are opened, and the heat medium flow control device 25c and the heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed.
- the heat medium circulates between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 passes through the first refrigerant flow switching device 11, is conducted through the first connection pipe 4 a, passes through the check valve 13 b and the gas-liquid separator 27 a, and then the outdoor unit Flows out of 1.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the outdoor unit 1 flows into the heat medium relay unit 3 through the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the heat medium relay unit 3 is branched and passes through the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a and the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b, so that the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat medium are heated. It flows into each of the heat exchangers 15b.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is condensed and liquefied while dissipating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B, and becomes a high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is expanded by the expansion device 16a and the expansion device 16b and becomes a two-phase refrigerant of medium temperature and intermediate pressure.
- the two-phase refrigerant flows out of the heat medium relay unit 3 through the opening / closing device 17b, and flows into the outdoor unit 1 through the refrigerant pipe 4 again.
- a part of the refrigerant flowing into the outdoor unit 1 flows into the second connection pipe 4b through the gas-liquid separator 27b, passes through the expansion device 14a, is throttled by the expansion device 14a, and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure two-phase refrigerant. Then, it passes through the check valve 13c and flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 acting as an evaporator.
- the refrigerant flowing into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 absorbs heat from the outdoor air by the heat source side heat exchanger 12, and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant flowing out from the heat source side heat exchanger 12 is again sucked into the compressor 10 via the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and the accumulator 19.
- the expansion device 16a the subcool (degree of subcooling) obtained as a difference between the value detected by the pressure sensor 36a converted to the saturation temperature and the temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35b becomes constant.
- the opening degree is controlled.
- the expansion device 16b has an opening degree so that a subcool obtained as a difference between a value obtained by converting the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 36b into a saturation temperature and a temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35d is constant. Be controlled.
- the opening / closing device 17a is closed and the opening / closing device 17b is open.
- FIG. 7 is a ph diagram (pressure-enthalpy diagram) showing the state transition of the heat source side refrigerant in the heating only operation mode.
- the vertical axis represents pressure
- the horizontal axis represents enthalpy.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant sucked from the suction port of the compressor 10 is introduced into the sealed container, and the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant filled in the sealed container is sucked into the compression chamber (not shown). Is done.
- the internal volume of the compression chamber decreases while it is rotated 0 to 360 degrees by a motor (not shown).
- the internal refrigerant sucked into the compression chamber is compressed and the pressure and temperature rise as the internal volume of the compression chamber decreases.
- an opening formed at a part of the compression chamber
- Ten external injection pipes 4c communicate with each other.
- the refrigerant returning to the outdoor unit 1 from the heat medium converter 3 via the refrigerant pipe 4 is brought into an intermediate pressure state by the action of the expansion device 14a on the upstream side of the expansion device 14a. It is controlled (point J in FIG. 7). Then, the two-phase refrigerant brought into the intermediate pressure state by the action of the expansion device 14a is distributed to the liquid refrigerant and the two-phase refrigerant by the gas-liquid separator 27b, and the liquid refrigerant (saturated liquid refrigerant (point J ′ in FIG. 7) )) Flows into the branch pipe 4d.
- This liquid refrigerant flows into the injection pipe 4c through the backflow prevention device 20, flows into the expansion device 14b through the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28, and is reduced in pressure. It becomes a phase refrigerant.
- heat exchange is performed between the heat-source-side refrigerant (primary-side refrigerant) before being decompressed by the expansion device 14b and the decompressed refrigerant (secondary-side refrigerant). Is called.
- the heat-source-side refrigerant flowing into the expansion device 14b becomes supercooled liquid refrigerant by being cooled by the heat-source-side refrigerant whose pressure and temperature are reduced by reducing the pressure and temperature in the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 (FIG. 7).
- the heat source side refrigerant is squeezed by the expansion device 14b (point K ′ in FIG. 7), and then heated by the refrigerant before decompression in the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 (point K in FIG. 7). And it introduce
- the medium-pressure gas refrigerant (point F in FIG. 7) and the low-temperature medium-pressure two-phase refrigerant (point K in FIG. 7) are mixed to lower the temperature of the refrigerant (FIG. 7).
- Point H the discharge temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 is lowered (point I in FIG. 7).
- the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 when such injection is not performed is point G in FIG. 7, and it can be seen that the discharge temperature is lowered from point G to point I by the injection.
- the refrigerant in the saturated liquid state is actually a state containing a small amount of minute gas refrigerant, and becomes a two-phase state with a slight pressure loss.
- a two-phase refrigerant flows into the expansion device 14b, stable control may not be possible. Therefore, by configuring the air conditioner 100 in such a configuration, the refrigerant in the intermediate pressure saturated liquid state can be changed into the intermediate pressure supercooled liquid refrigerant and flowed into the expansion device 14b, thereby enabling stable control. Become.
- the opening / closing device 24 is closed to prevent the high-pressure refrigerant from the gas-liquid separator 27a from mixing with the medium-pressure refrigerant that has passed through the backflow prevention device 20.
- the opening / closing device 24 may be one that can change the opening area of an electronic expansion valve or the like in addition to one that can switch opening and closing of an electromagnetic valve or the like, and any device that can change opening and closing of a flow path.
- the backflow prevention device 20 may be a check valve, or a device that can switch the opening and closing of the flow path, such as an electromagnetic valve or the like that can be switched and an electronic expansion valve that can change the opening area. .
- the expansion device 14a is desirably an electronic expansion valve or the like that can change the opening area. If an electronic expansion valve is used, the intermediate pressure upstream of the expansion device 14a can be controlled to an arbitrary pressure. For example, if the intermediate pressure detected by the intermediate pressure detection device 32 is controlled to be a constant value, the discharge temperature control by the expansion device 14b is stabilized. However, the expansion device 14a is not limited to this, and the controllability is slightly deteriorated. However, as the expansion device 14a, a plurality of opening areas may be selected by combining open / close valves such as small electromagnetic valves. Alternatively, a capillary tube may be used as the expansion device 14a so that an intermediate pressure is formed according to the pressure loss of the refrigerant. Further, the intermediate pressure detection device 32 may be a pressure sensor, or may calculate the intermediate pressure by calculation using a temperature sensor.
- the expansion device 14b can change the opening area of an electronic expansion valve or the like, and the opening area of the expansion device 14b is controlled so that the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 detected by the discharge refrigerant temperature detection device 37 does not become too high. Is done.
- a control method when the discharge temperature exceeds a certain value, for example, 110 ° C., it may be controlled to open by a certain opening degree, for example, 10 pulses, or the discharge temperature is set to a target value, for example, 100 ° C. You may control an opening degree so that it may become.
- the expansion device 14b may be a capillary tube, and an amount of refrigerant corresponding to the pressure difference may be injected.
- the expansion device 16a and the expansion device 16b are within the range in which subcooling can be controlled. If so, it may be controlled such that the pressure (medium pressure) of the refrigerant on the upstream side of the expansion device 14a is increased. In this way, if the control is performed so that the intermediate pressure is increased, the differential pressure from the pressure in the compression chamber can be increased. Therefore, the amount of refrigerant injected into the compression chamber can be increased, and even when the outside air temperature is low, a sufficient injection flow rate can be supplied to the compression chamber to lower the discharge temperature.
- control method of the expansion device 14a and the expansion device 14b is not limited to this.
- the expansion device 14b is fully opened, and the differential pressure between the intermediate pressure and the pressure at the compressor suction portion is controlled by the expansion device 14a.
- a control method for controlling the discharge temperature of the machine 10 may be used. In this way, there are advantages that the control is simplified and that an inexpensive device can be used as the expansion device 14b.
- the heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium in both the heat exchanger 15a and the heat exchanger 15b, and the heated heat medium is piped 5 by the pump 21a and the pump 21b.
- the inside will be allowed to flow.
- the heat medium pressurized and discharged by the pump 21a and the pump 21b passes through the second heat medium flow switching device 23a and the second heat medium flow switching device 23b, and the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchange. Flows into the vessel 26b.
- the heat medium radiates heat to the indoor air in the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b, thereby heating the indoor space 7.
- the heat medium flows out of the use-side heat exchanger 26a and the use-side heat exchanger 26b and flows into the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b.
- the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b control the flow rate of the heat medium to a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the room, so that the use-side heat exchanger 26a. And it flows into the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the heat medium flowing out from the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b passes through the first heat medium flow switching device 22a and the first heat medium flow switching device 22b, and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a. And flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b, and is sucked into the pump 21a and the pump 21b again.
- the heat medium is directed from the second heat medium flow switching device 23 to the first heat medium flow switching device 22 via the heat medium flow control device 25.
- the air conditioning load required in the indoor space 7 includes the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 31a, the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 31b, and the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor 34. It is possible to cover by controlling so that the difference between the two is kept at the target value.
- the outlet temperature of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15 either the temperature of the first temperature sensor 31a or the first temperature sensor 31b may be used, or the average temperature thereof may be used.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23 ensure a flow path that flows to both the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b.
- the intermediate opening is set.
- the usage-side heat exchanger 26a should be controlled by the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet, but the temperature of the heat medium on the inlet side of the usage-side heat exchanger 26 is detected by the first temperature sensor 31b. By using the first temperature sensor 31b, the number of temperature sensors can be reduced and the system can be configured at low cost.
- FIG. 8 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the cooling main operation mode.
- the cooling main operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a cooling load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26a and a heating load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- a pipe represented by a thick line shows a pipe through which the refrigerant (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) circulates.
- the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by solid line arrows, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by broken line arrows.
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 is switched so that the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12.
- the pump 21a and the pump 21b are driven, the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b are opened, and the heat medium flow control device 25c and the heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed.
- the heat medium is circulated between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the use side heat exchanger 26a, and between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 via the first refrigerant flow switching device 11. Then, the heat source side heat exchanger 12 condenses while radiating heat to the outdoor air, and becomes a two-phase refrigerant.
- the two-phase refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat source side heat exchanger 12 passes through the check valve 13a, partially flows out of the outdoor unit 1 through the gas-liquid separator 27a, and passes through the refrigerant pipe 4 to convert the heat medium. It flows into the machine 3.
- the two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the heat medium relay unit 3 flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b that acts as a condenser through the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b.
- the two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is condensed and liquefied while dissipating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B, and becomes liquid refrigerant.
- the liquid refrigerant flowing out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is expanded by the expansion device 16b and becomes a low-pressure two-phase refrigerant. This low-pressure two-phase refrigerant flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a acting as an evaporator via the expansion device 16a.
- the low-pressure two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a absorbs heat from the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B, and becomes a low-pressure gas refrigerant while cooling the heat medium.
- the gas refrigerant flows out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a, flows out of the heat medium converter 3 via the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a, and flows into the outdoor unit 1 again through the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor unit 1 is again sucked into the compressor 10 through the gas-liquid separator 27b, through the check valve 13d, through the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and the accumulator 19. .
- the opening degree of the expansion device 16b is controlled so that the superheat obtained as the difference between the temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35a and the temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35b becomes constant.
- the expansion device 16a is fully open, the opening / closing device 17a is closed, and the opening / closing device 17b is closed.
- the expansion device 16b controls the opening degree so that a subcool obtained as a difference between a value obtained by converting the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 36b into a saturation temperature and a temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35d is constant. May be.
- the expansion device 16b may be fully opened, and the superheat or subcool may be controlled by the expansion device 16a.
- FIG. 9 is a ph diagram (pressure-enthalpy diagram) showing the state transition of the heat source side refrigerant in the cooling main operation mode.
- the vertical axis represents pressure
- the horizontal axis represents enthalpy.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant sucked from the suction port of the compressor 10 is introduced into the sealed container, and the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant filled in the sealed container is sucked into the compression chamber (not shown). Is done.
- the internal volume of the compression chamber decreases while it is rotated 0 to 360 degrees by a motor (not shown).
- the internal refrigerant sucked into the compression chamber is compressed and the pressure and temperature rise as the internal volume of the compression chamber decreases.
- an opening formed at a part of the compression chamber
- Ten external injection pipes 4c communicate with each other.
- the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 10 is condensed in the heat source side heat exchanger 12 to become a high-pressure two-phase refrigerant (point J in FIG. 9), and through the check valve 13a, The gas-liquid separator 27a is reached.
- the switch 24 is opened, and the liquid refrigerant (saturated liquid refrigerant (point J ′ in FIG. 9)) separated by the gas-liquid separator 27a flows into the injection pipe 4c through the switch 24 and the branch pipe 4d. .
- the refrigerant flowing into the injection pipe 4c is depressurized by the expansion device 14b via the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28, and becomes a low-temperature medium-pressure two-phase refrigerant.
- heat exchange is performed between the heat-source-side refrigerant (primary-side refrigerant) before being decompressed by the expansion device 14b and the decompressed refrigerant (secondary-side refrigerant). Is called.
- the heat-source-side refrigerant flowing into the expansion device 14b becomes a supercooled liquid refrigerant by being cooled in the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 by being depressurized and cooled by the refrigerant whose pressure and temperature are reduced (points in FIG. 9). J '').
- the heat source side refrigerant is squeezed by the expansion device 14b (point K ′ in FIG. 9), and then heated by the refrigerant before decompression in the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 (point K in FIG. 9). And it introduce
- the medium-pressure gas refrigerant (point F in FIG. 9) and the low-temperature medium-pressure two-phase refrigerant (point K in FIG. 9) are mixed, and the temperature of the refrigerant decreases (in FIG. 9).
- Point H the discharge temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 is lowered (point I in FIG. 9).
- the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 when such injection is not performed is point G in FIG. 9, and it can be seen that the discharge temperature is lowered from point G to point I by the injection.
- the refrigerant in the saturated liquid state is actually a state containing a small amount of minute gas refrigerant, and becomes a two-phase state with a slight pressure loss.
- a two-phase refrigerant flows into the expansion device 14b, stable control may not be possible. Therefore, by configuring the air conditioner 100 in such a configuration, the refrigerant in the high-pressure saturated liquid state separated from the two-phase refrigerant flowing into the gas-liquid separator 27a is changed to a high-pressure supercooled liquid refrigerant, and is supplied to the expansion device 14b. It can be made to flow and stable control becomes possible.
- the refrigerant in the flow path from the opening / closing device 24 of the branch pipe 4d to the backflow prevention device 20 is a high-pressure refrigerant, and returns to the outdoor unit 1 from the heat medium converter 3 via the refrigerant pipe 4,
- the refrigerant that reaches the separator 27b is a low-pressure refrigerant.
- the backflow prevention device 20 prevents refrigerant flowing from the branch pipe 4d to the gas-liquid separator 27b, and the high-pressure refrigerant in the branch pipe 4d is mixed with the low-pressure refrigerant in the gas-liquid separator 27b by the action of the backflow prevention device 20. Is preventing.
- the opening / closing device 24 may be one that can change the opening area of an electronic expansion valve or the like, in addition to one that can switch opening and closing of a solenoid valve or the like, and any device that can change opening and closing of a flow path.
- the backflow prevention device 20 may be a check valve, or a device that can switch the opening and closing of the flow path, such as an electromagnetic valve or the like that can be switched and an electronic expansion valve or the like that can change the opening area.
- the expansion device 14a since the refrigerant does not flow, the expansion device 14a may be set to an arbitrary opening degree.
- the expansion device 14b can change the opening area of an electronic expansion valve or the like, and the opening area of the expansion device 14b is controlled so that the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 detected by the discharge refrigerant temperature detection device 37 does not become too high. Is done.
- a control method when the discharge temperature exceeds a certain value, for example, 110 ° C., it may be controlled to open by a certain opening, for example, 10 pulses, or the discharge temperature may be a target value, for example, 100 ° C.
- the opening may be controlled so that Further, the expansion device 14b may be a capillary tube, and an amount of refrigerant corresponding to the pressure difference may be injected.
- the heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium in the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b, and the heated heat medium is caused to flow in the pipe 5 by the pump 21b.
- the cold heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium by the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a, and the cooled heat medium is caused to flow in the pipe 5 by the pump 21a.
- the heat medium pressurized and discharged by the pump 21a and the pump 21b passes through the second heat medium flow switching device 23a and the second heat medium flow switching device 23b, and the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchange. Flows into the vessel 26b.
- the heat medium radiates heat to the indoor air, thereby heating the indoor space 7. Further, in the use side heat exchanger 26a, the heat medium absorbs heat from the indoor air, thereby cooling the indoor space 7.
- the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b control the flow rate of the heat medium to a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the room, so that the use-side heat exchanger 26a. And it flows into the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the heat medium whose temperature has slightly decreased after passing through the use side heat exchanger 26b flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b through the heat medium flow control device 25b and the first heat medium flow switching device 22b, and again.
- the heat medium whose temperature has slightly increased after passing through the use side heat exchanger 26a flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a through the heat medium flow control device 25a and the first heat medium flow switching device 22a, and again. It is sucked into the pump 21a.
- the warm heat medium and the cold heat medium are not mixed by the action of the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23, and the use side has a heat load and a heat load, respectively. It is introduced into the heat exchanger 26.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 22 from the second heat medium flow switching device 23 via the heat medium flow control device 25 on both the heating side and the cooling side.
- the heat medium is flowing in the direction to
- the air conditioning load required in the indoor space 7 is the difference between the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 31b on the heating side and the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor 34 on the heating side, This can be covered by controlling the difference between the temperature detected by the two temperature sensor 34 and the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 31a so as to keep the target value.
- the frequency of the compressor 10 is increased to keep the evaporation temperature at a target temperature, for example, 0 degrees, and the condensation temperature becomes high.
- the heating operation when the outside air temperature is low causes the frequency of the compressor 10 to increase and the evaporation temperature to decrease in order to keep the condensation temperature at a target temperature, for example, 49 degrees. Is the case.
- both the condensing temperature and the evaporating temperature at the target temperatures, for example, 49 ° C. and 0 ° C., respectively.
- both the condensation temperature and the evaporation temperature are higher than the target temperature. Therefore, it is difficult to generate a state where the frequency of the compressor 10 becomes very high as in the cooling operation when the outside air temperature is high, and the frequency increase of the compressor 10 is limited so that the condensation temperature does not become too high. That is, in the cooling main operation mode, the discharge temperature does not easily increase.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic circuit configuration diagram illustrating another example of the circuit configuration of the air-conditioning apparatus 100.
- FIG. 10 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the heating main operation mode.
- the heating main operation mode will be described by taking as an example a case where a heat load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26a and a heat load is generated in the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- tube represented by the thick line has shown the piping through which a refrigerant
- the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by a solid line arrow, and the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by a broken line arrow.
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 uses the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 without passing through the heat source side heat exchanger 12. It switches so that it may flow into converter 3.
- the pump 21a and the pump 21b are driven, the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b are opened, and the heat medium flow control device 25c and the heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed.
- the heat medium circulates between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the use-side heat exchanger 26b, and between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the use-side heat exchanger 26a.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 passes through the first refrigerant flow switching device 11, conducts through the first connection pipe 4a, passes through the check valve 13b, and passes through the gas-liquid separator 27a.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed out of the outdoor unit 1 flows into the heat medium relay unit 3 through the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant that has flowed into the heat medium relay unit 3 flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b that acts as a condenser through the second refrigerant flow switching device 18b.
- the gas refrigerant flowing into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is condensed and liquefied while dissipating heat to the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B, and becomes liquid refrigerant.
- the liquid refrigerant that has flowed out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b is expanded by the expansion device 16b and becomes a medium-pressure two-phase refrigerant.
- This medium pressure two-phase refrigerant flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a acting as an evaporator via the expansion device 16a.
- the medium-pressure two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a evaporates by absorbing heat from the heat medium circulating in the heat medium circuit B, thereby cooling the heat medium.
- the medium pressure two-phase refrigerant flows out of the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a, flows out of the heat medium converter 3 via the second refrigerant flow switching device 18a, passes through the refrigerant pipe 4 and returns to the outdoor unit 1 again. Inflow.
- the expansion device 16b has an opening degree so that a subcool obtained as a difference between a value obtained by converting the pressure detected by the pressure sensor 36 into a saturation temperature and a temperature detected by the third temperature sensor 35b is constant. Be controlled.
- the expansion device 16a is fully open, the opening / closing device 17a is closed, and the opening / closing device 17b is closed. Note that the expansion device 16b may be fully opened, and the subcooling may be controlled by the expansion device 16a.
- FIG. 11 is a ph diagram (pressure-enthalpy diagram) showing the state transition of the heat source side refrigerant in the heating main operation mode.
- the vertical axis represents pressure
- the horizontal axis represents enthalpy.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant sucked from the suction port of the compressor 10 is introduced into the sealed container, and the low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant filled in the sealed container is sucked into the compression chamber (not shown). Is done.
- the internal volume of the compression chamber decreases while being rotated by 0 to 360 degrees by a motor (not shown).
- the internal refrigerant sucked into the compression chamber is compressed and the pressure and temperature rise as the internal volume of the compression chamber decreases.
- an opening formed at a part of the compression chamber
- Ten external injection pipes 4c communicate with each other.
- the refrigerant returning from the heat medium converter 3 to the outdoor unit 1 via the refrigerant pipe 4 is brought into an intermediate pressure state by the action of the expansion device 14a on the upstream side of the expansion device 14a. It is controlled (point J in FIG. 11). Then, the two-phase refrigerant brought into the intermediate pressure state by the action of the expansion device 14a is distributed to the liquid refrigerant and the two-phase refrigerant by the gas-liquid separator 27b, and the liquid refrigerant (saturated liquid refrigerant (point J ′ in FIG. 11). )) Flows into the branch pipe 4d.
- the liquid refrigerant flows into the injection pipe 4c through the backflow prevention device 20, flows into the expansion device 14b through the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28, is decompressed, and has a low-temperature / medium-pressure two-phase reduced pressure. Becomes a refrigerant.
- heat exchange is performed between the heat-source-side refrigerant (primary-side refrigerant) before being decompressed by the expansion device 14b and the decompressed refrigerant (secondary-side refrigerant). Is called.
- the heat-source-side refrigerant flowing into the expansion device 14b is cooled by the heat-source-side refrigerant whose pressure and temperature have been reduced by reducing the pressure and temperature in the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28, thereby becoming a liquid refrigerant with supercooling (FIG. 11).
- Point J '' The heat source side refrigerant is squeezed by the expansion device 14b (point K ′ in FIG. 11), and then heated by the refrigerant before decompression in the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 (point K in FIG. 11). And it introduce
- the medium-pressure gas refrigerant (point F in FIG. 11) and the low-temperature medium-pressure two-phase refrigerant (point K in FIG. 11) are mixed, and the temperature of the refrigerant decreases (in FIG. 11). Point H).
- the discharge temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 decreases (point I in FIG. 11).
- the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 when such injection is not performed is point G in FIG. 11, and it can be seen that the discharge temperature is lowered from point G to point I by the injection.
- the refrigerant in the saturated liquid state is actually a state containing a small amount of minute gas refrigerant, and becomes a two-phase state with a slight pressure loss.
- a two-phase refrigerant flows into the expansion device 14b, stable control may not be possible. Therefore, by configuring the air conditioner 100 in such a configuration, the refrigerant in the intermediate pressure saturated liquid state can be changed into the intermediate pressure supercooled liquid refrigerant and flowed into the expansion device 14b, thereby enabling stable control. Become.
- the opening / closing device 24 is closed to prevent the high-pressure refrigerant from the gas-liquid separator 27a from mixing with the medium-pressure refrigerant that has passed through the backflow prevention device 20.
- the opening / closing device 24 may be one that can change the opening area of an electronic expansion valve or the like in addition to one that can switch opening and closing of an electromagnetic valve or the like, and any device that can change opening and closing of a flow path.
- the backflow prevention device 20 may be a check valve, or a device that can switch the opening and closing of the flow path, such as an electromagnetic valve or the like that can be switched and an electronic expansion valve that can change the opening area. .
- the expansion device 14a is desirably an electronic expansion valve or the like that can change the opening area. If an electronic expansion valve is used, the intermediate pressure upstream of the expansion device 14a can be controlled to an arbitrary pressure. For example, if the intermediate pressure detected by the intermediate pressure detection device 32 is controlled to be a constant value, the discharge temperature control by the expansion device 14b is stabilized. However, the expansion device 14a is not limited to this, and the controllability is slightly deteriorated. However, as the expansion device 14a, a plurality of opening areas may be selected by combining open / close valves such as small electromagnetic valves. Alternatively, a capillary tube may be used as the expansion device 14a so that an intermediate pressure is formed according to the pressure loss of the refrigerant. Further, the intermediate pressure detection device 32 may be a pressure sensor, or may calculate the intermediate pressure by calculation using a temperature sensor.
- the expansion device 14b can change the opening area of an electronic expansion valve or the like, and the opening area of the expansion device 14b is controlled so that the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 detected by the discharge refrigerant temperature detection device 37 does not become too high. Is done.
- a control method when the discharge temperature exceeds a certain value, for example, 110 ° C., it may be controlled to open by a certain opening degree, for example, 10 pulses, or the discharge temperature is set to a target value, for example, 100 ° C. You may control an opening degree so that it may become.
- the expansion device 14b may be a capillary tube, and an amount of refrigerant corresponding to the pressure difference may be injected.
- the heating main operation mode it is necessary to cool the heat medium in the intermediate heat exchanger 15b, and the pressure (medium pressure) of the refrigerant on the upstream side of the expansion device 14a cannot be controlled so high. If the intermediate pressure cannot be increased, the amount of refrigerant injected into the compression chamber is reduced, and the amount of decrease in the discharge temperature is reduced. However, it is necessary to prevent the heat medium from freezing. Therefore, in the air conditioner 100, when the outside air temperature is low, for example, when the outside air temperature is ⁇ 5 ° C. or lower, the heating main operation mode is not entered. When the outside air temperature is high, there is no particular problem because the discharge temperature is not so high and the injection flow rate is not so high.
- the heat medium can be cooled in the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b by the action of the expansion device 14a, and the injection flow rate is sufficient in the compression chamber to reduce the discharge temperature.
- the medium pressure that can be supplied can be set, and safer operation can be achieved.
- control method of the expansion device 14a and the expansion device 14b is not limited to this, and the control method may be such that the expansion device 14b is fully opened and the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 is controlled by the expansion device 14a. In this way, there are advantages that the control is simplified and that an inexpensive device can be used as the expansion device 14b.
- the heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium in the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b, and the heated heat medium is caused to flow in the pipe 5 by the pump 21b.
- the cold heat of the heat source side refrigerant is transmitted to the heat medium by the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a, and the cooled heat medium is caused to flow in the pipe 5 by the pump 21a.
- the heat medium pressurized and discharged by the pump 21a and the pump 21b passes through the second heat medium flow switching device 23a and the second heat medium flow switching device 23b, and the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchange. Flows into the vessel 26b.
- the heat medium absorbs heat from the indoor air, thereby cooling the indoor space 7. Further, in the use side heat exchanger 26a, the heat medium radiates heat to the indoor air, thereby heating the indoor space 7.
- the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b control the flow rate of the heat medium to a flow rate necessary to cover the air conditioning load required in the room, so that the use-side heat exchanger 26a. And it flows into the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the heat medium whose temperature has slightly increased after passing through the use side heat exchanger 26b flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a through the heat medium flow control device 25b and the first heat medium flow switching device 22b, and again.
- the heat medium whose temperature has slightly decreased after passing through the use side heat exchanger 26a flows into the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b through the heat medium flow control device 25a and the first heat medium flow switching device 22a, and again. It is sucked into the pump 21b.
- the warm heat medium and the cold heat medium are not mixed by the action of the first heat medium flow switching device 22 and the second heat medium flow switching device 23, and the use side has a heat load and a heat load, respectively. It is introduced into the heat exchanger 26.
- the first heat medium flow switching device 22 from the second heat medium flow switching device 23 via the heat medium flow control device 25 on both the heating side and the cooling side.
- the heat medium is flowing in the direction to
- the air conditioning load required in the indoor space 7 is the difference between the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 31b on the heating side and the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor 34 on the heating side, This can be covered by controlling the difference between the temperature detected by the two temperature sensor 34 and the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 31a so as to keep the target value.
- FIG. 12 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 100 is in the defrosting operation mode. Based on FIG. 12, the defrost operation which the air conditioning apparatus 100 in this Embodiment 1 performs is demonstrated.
- the pipes represented by thick lines indicate the pipes through which the refrigerants (heat source side refrigerant and heat medium) flow.
- the flow direction of the heat source side refrigerant is indicated by solid arrows
- the flow direction of the heat medium is indicated by broken arrows.
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 is switched so that the heat source side refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12.
- the pump 21a and the pump 21b are driven, the heat medium flow control device 25a and the heat medium flow control device 25b are opened, and the heat medium flow control device 25c and the heat medium flow control device 25d are fully closed.
- the heat medium circulates between the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b and the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b.
- the expansion device 16a and the expansion device 16b are fully closed (or a small opening at which the refrigerant does not flow), the open / close device 17a is opened, and the open / close device 17b is controlled to open, and the heat source side refrigerant is the heat exchanger between heat media. 15a and the heat exchanger related to heat medium 15b do not flow.
- the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10 and discharged as a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 flows into the heat source side heat exchanger 12 via the first refrigerant flow switching device 11. Then, heat is radiated to the outdoor air by the heat source side heat exchanger 12, and the frost attached to the heat source side heat exchanger 12 is melted.
- the refrigerant flowing out of the heat source side heat exchanger 12 passes through the check valve 13a and is separated by the gas-liquid separator 27a.
- a part of the refrigerant separated by the gas-liquid separator 27 a flows out of the outdoor unit 1 and flows into the heat medium relay unit 3 through the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the heat medium relay unit 3 flows out of the heat medium relay unit 3 through the switchgear 17a and the switchgear 17b, and flows into the outdoor unit 1 again through the refrigerant pipe 4.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor unit 1 is again sucked into the compressor 10 via the gas-liquid separator 27b, the check valve 13d, the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 and the accumulator 19. .
- the other refrigerant separated by the gas-liquid separator 27a flows into the branch pipe 4d, and flows into the injection pipe 4c through the open / close device 24 controlled to be in an open state, so that heat exchange between the refrigerant and the refrigerant is performed. It is injected into the compression chamber of the compressor 10 through the device 28 and the expansion device 14b. This refrigerant merges in the compressor 10 with the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 10 through the accumulator 19 (one refrigerant divided by the gas-liquid separator 27a).
- the pump 21b is operated to circulate the heat medium to the use side heat exchanger 26 (in FIG. 12, the use side heat exchanger 26a and the use side heat exchanger 26b) that requires heating. ing.
- the heating operation can be continued by the warm heat stored in the heat medium.
- the pump 21a may be operated, or during the defrosting operation, the pump 21a and the pump 21b may be stopped to stop the heating operation.
- the refrigerant is branched by the gas-liquid separator 27a while melting the frost attached to the periphery of the heat source side heat exchanger 12, and a part of the refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 10. Inject into the room.
- the residual heat of the compressor 10 can be easily transferred directly to the refrigerant, and an efficient defrosting operation can be performed.
- coolant flow volume circulated to the heat medium converter 3 away from the outdoor unit 1 can be reduced by injection, the motive power of the compressor 10 can be reduced.
- the air conditioner 100 includes the accumulator 19
- the accumulator 19 may not be provided.
- a heat blower is attached to the heat source side heat exchanger 12 and the use side heat exchangers 26a to 26d, and in many cases, condensation or evaporation is promoted by air blowing, but it is not limited to this.
- the use side heat exchangers 26a to 26d those such as panel heaters using radiation can be used.
- the heat source side heat exchanger 12 a water-cooled type in which heat is transferred by water or antifreeze liquid. Any material can be used as long as it can dissipate or absorb heat.
- Embodiment 1 the case where there are four use-side heat exchangers 26a to 26d has been described as an example, but any number may be connected.
- the case where there are two heat exchangers between heat exchangers 15a and 15b is described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the heat medium can be cooled or / and heated. Any number of installations may be provided.
- the number of pumps 21a and 21b is not limited to one, and a plurality of small-capacity pumps may be connected in parallel.
- a normal gas-liquid separator has an action of separating the gas refrigerant and the liquid refrigerant in the two-phase refrigerant.
- the two-phase refrigerant flows into the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 27 (gas-liquid separator 27a, gas-liquid separator 27b) as described above.
- a part of the liquid refrigerant is separated from the two-phase refrigerant.
- the liquid refrigerant is caused to flow through the branch pipe 4d, and the remaining two-phase refrigerant (two-phase refrigerant having a slightly increased dryness) is caused to flow out from the gas-liquid separator 27.
- the gas-liquid separator 27 has a structure that is long in the lateral direction (parallel to the refrigerant pipe 4) as shown in FIG. That is, the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are connected to the side of the gas-liquid separator 27 (connected so as to be parallel to the refrigerant pipe 4), and the liquid refrigerant take-out pipe (branch pipe 4d) is connected to the gas-liquid separator 27. It is desirable to employ a horizontal gas-liquid separator having a structure connected to the lower side or the upper side (connected so as to be orthogonal to the refrigerant pipe 4). However, the gas-liquid separator 27 may have any structure as long as it separates a part of the liquid refrigerant from the refrigerant flowing in two phases and allows the remaining two-phase refrigerant to flow out.
- the system configuration of the air conditioner 100 includes, for example, the compressor 10, the first refrigerant flow switching device 11, the heat source side heat exchanger 12, the expansion device 14a, the expansion device 14b, and the opening / closing device 17.
- (Opening / closing device 17a, opening / closing device 17b) and backflow prevention device 20 are accommodated in outdoor unit 1
- use side heat exchanger 26 and expansion device 16 are accommodated in indoor unit 2
- the relay unit is formed on the body, the outdoor unit 1 and the relay unit are connected by a set of two pipes, and the indoor unit 2 and the relay unit are connected by a set of two pipes.
- the present invention is also applicable to a direct expansion system capable of performing a cooling only operation, a heating only operation, a cooling main operation, and a heating main operation by circulating a refrigerant between the outdoor unit 1 and the indoor unit 2 via a relay unit. Can produce the same effect.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing at the time of injection executed by the air conditioning apparatus 100. Based on FIG. 14, the flow of the control process at the time of the injection for reducing the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 which the air conditioning apparatus 100 performs is demonstrated. In addition, the control process of the air conditioning apparatus 100 shown here is performed by the control apparatus 50 mentioned above.
- the control device 50 When the outdoor unit 1 is activated and processing is started (ST1), the control device 50 first sets a discharge temperature target value that is a discharge temperature control target value of the compressor 10 (ST2).
- the discharge temperature target value is different depending on the operation mode. For example, in the cooling operation mode, the operation efficiency is better when the flow rate of refrigerant flowing through the heat exchanger 15 between heat mediums is larger. Therefore, when the target value of the discharge temperature is increased so as to reduce the injection flow rate, for example, set to 100 ° C. Good. Further, in the heating operation mode, the pressure loss in the heat source side heat exchanger 12 becomes smaller when the injection flow rate is increased. Therefore, the target value of the discharge temperature is lowered so as to increase the injection flow rate, for example, 80 ° C. It is good to set.
- control device 50 detects the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 based on the information from the discharge refrigerant temperature detection device 37 (ST3). Then, control device 50 determines whether or not the current operation mode is a heating only operation mode or a heating main operation mode (ST4). In the heating only operation mode or the heating main operation mode (ST4, YES), the control device 50 must create an intermediate pressure in order to perform injection from the refrigerant squeezed by the expansion device 16a and the expansion device 16b. Therefore, the control device 50 sets an intermediate pressure target value that is a control target of the intermediate pressure (ST5).
- This intermediate pressure target value is different depending on the heating only operation mode and the heating main operation mode.
- the intermediate pressure is increased in order to increase the injection flow rate, and the pressure difference from the injection unit (the refrigerant flowing out from the secondary side of the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 in the injection pipe 4c). Is preferably increased, for example, 1.89 MPa.
- the heating main operation mode since there is an indoor unit for cooling operation, the evaporation temperature cannot be increased. That is, the intermediate pressure cannot be increased, and the intermediate pressure is in the range of 0.81 MPa to 1.11 MPa, which is a saturation pressure in the range of 0 ° C. to 10 ° C.
- the trial calculation of these numerical values was performed on the assumption that the refrigerant was R32 (the following calculation is also performed assuming R32).
- the control device 50 detects the intermediate pressure based on the information from the intermediate pressure detection device 32 (ST6).
- the control device 50 compares the detected value of the intermediate pressure with a preset target value (ST7). If the detected value of the intermediate pressure does not match the target value (ST7; NO) and the detected value of the intermediate pressure is higher than the target value, the control device 50 increases the opening of the expansion device 14a (ST8). Top). If the detected value of the intermediate pressure does not match the target value (ST7; NO) and the detected value of the intermediate pressure is lower than the target value, the control device 50 reduces the opening of the expansion device 14a (ST8). Lower row). Thereafter, when the difference between the detected value of the intermediate pressure and the target value becomes smaller than a preset value, for example, 0.10 MPa, control device 50 returns to the setting of the intermediate pressure target value (ST5).
- a preset value for example, 0.10 MPa
- the control device 50 compares the detected value of the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 with the target value set in ST2 (ST9). When the detected value of the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 does not match the target value (ST9; NO) and the detected value of the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 is higher than the target value, the control device 50 controls the expansion device 14b. Is increased (upper stage of ST10). When the detected value of the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 does not match the target value (ST9; NO), and the detected value of the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 is lower than the target value, the control device 50 controls the expansion device 14b. Is decreased (lower stage of ST10).
- the control device 50 ends the control of the discharge temperature and completes the process (ST11).
- the expansion device 14b is controlled so that the detected value of the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 is substantially equal to the target value.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and other controls are performed. It doesn't matter how.
- a range is provided for the target value of the discharge temperature of the compressor 10, and when the detected value of the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 is larger than the upper limit (for example, 100 ° C.) of the target range, the opening degree of the expansion device 14b is increased and the compression is performed.
- the opening degree of the expansion device 14b may be reduced.
- the opening degree of the expansion device 14b is increased, and the detected value of the discharge superheat degree is smaller than the target value.
- the opening degree of the expansion device 14b may be reduced. Further, a range is provided for the target value of the discharge superheat degree of the compressor 10, and when the detected value of the discharge superheat degree of the compressor 10 is larger than the upper limit of the target range, the opening degree of the expansion device 14b is increased, When the detected value of the discharge superheat degree is smaller than the lower limit of the target range, the opening degree of the expansion device 14b may be reduced.
- Equation (2) in order to calculate the injection flow rate Gr inj (kg / h), the refrigerant flow Gr (kg / h) at the compressor suction portion and the discharge enthalpy h d ( kJ / kg) and h d ′ (kJ / kg) and the enthalpy h inj (kJ / kg) of the refrigerant at the time of injection is required.
- the discharge temperature T d (° C.) of the compressor is obtained from the well-known polytropic compression equation (3).
- Polytropic compression is adiabatic compression that takes heat into and out of the compression process.
- the polytropic index n in the equation (3) is 0. as a deviation from the theoretical value in the specific heat ratio ⁇ ( ⁇ ) when the evaporation temperature is 0 ° C. and the superheat (superheat degree) is 2 ° C. as shown in the equation (4). Multiply by 9.
- the specific heat ratio ⁇ is obtained by dividing the constant pressure specific heat cp (kJ / kg ⁇ K) by the constant volume specific heat c v (kJ / kg ⁇ K).
- T s (° C.) is the suction temperature of the compressor 10 (point M in FIG. 5)
- P d (MPa) is the discharge pressure of the compressor 10 (point G in FIG. 5)
- P s (MPa) is the suction pressure of the compressor 10 (point M in FIG. 5).
- the refrigerant mass flow rate Gr at the compressor suction part was calculated by dividing the rated capacity W (kW) of 10 horsepower, for example, by the enthalpy difference ⁇ h of the condensation or evaporation part as shown in Equation (5).
- the rated capacity W (kW) of 10 horsepower is 31.5 (kW) in the all-warming operation mode and the heating main operation mode, and 28.0 in the all cooling operation mode and the cooling main operation mode. (KW).
- the enthalpy difference ⁇ h (kJ / kg) is the enthalpy difference between the enthalpy at the point I in FIG. 5 and the enthalpy at the point J in FIG.
- the enthalpy difference ⁇ h is an enthalpy difference between the enthalpy at the point M in FIG. 5 and the enthalpy at the point L in FIG.
- the frequency f (Hz) of the compressor 10 Since the frequency f (Hz) of the compressor 10 has an upper limit value, the refrigerant mass flow rate Gr at the compressor suction portion calculated by the equation (5) may not be realized. Therefore, the frequency f of the compressor 10 necessary for realizing the refrigerant mass flow rate Gr at the compressor suction portion calculated by the equation (5) is calculated by the equation (6).
- Gr is the refrigerant mass flow rate at the compressor suction section
- V st (cc) is the stroke volume of the compressor 10
- ⁇ s (kg / m 3 ) is the suction density of the compressor 10 (points in FIG. 5).
- M) and ⁇ v ( ⁇ ) are volumetric efficiency of the compressor 10. Further, it is assumed that the stroke volume V st (cc) of the compressor 10 is 52 (cc), for example, and the volume efficiency ⁇ v ( ⁇ ) of the compressor 10 is 0.9, for example.
- the source of the formula (8) and the formula (9) is the publication “June 30, 1998, 4th edition”, the author “Valve Course Compilation Committee”, the publisher “Sakutaro Kobayashi”, the publisher “Japan” Kogyo Publishing Co., Ltd., titled “Introductory and Practical Valve Course Revised Edition”.
- Equation (8) Q (m 3 / h) is the refrigerant flow rate, ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is the specific gravity, P 1 (kgf / cm 2 abs) is the pressure on the inlet side of the throttle device (point J ′ in FIG. 5), P 2 (Kgf / cm 2 abs) is the pressure on the outlet side of the expansion device (point K ′ in FIG. 5).
- Equation (9) Q (m 3 / h) is the maximum refrigerant flow rate at 15.6 ° C., ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is the specific gravity, and P 1 (kgf / cm 2 abs) is the pressure on the inlet side of the throttle device (FIG. 5).
- Point J ′) P 2 (kgf / cm 2 abs) is the throttle device outflow pressure (point K ′ in FIG. 5), and ⁇ P is the throttle device inflow pressure P 1 (kgf / cm 2 abs) and the throttle device outflow.
- the difference from the side pressure P 2 (kgf / cm 2 abs), T f (° C.) is the refrigerant temperature, and was constant at 15.6 ° C.
- Equations (10) and (11) are obtained.
- Formula (10) and formula (11) were used for calculation of the Cv value.
- the outflow side pressure P out of the expansion device 14b is obtained by adding a pressure loss ⁇ P inj (MPa) due to injection to the pressure (point F in FIG. 5) P inj of the injection unit of the compressor 10.
- the pressure (point F in FIG. 5) P inj of the injection unit of the compressor 10 was calculated by the equation (12) when the rotation angle ⁇ of the compression chamber opened by the injection unit is assumed to be, for example, 5 degrees. Naturally, the opening angle of this injection varies depending on the actual compressor structure.
- P d (MPa) is the discharge pressure of the compressor 10
- P s (MPa) is the suction pressure of the compressor 10.
- ⁇ P inj is the difference between the outflow side pressure P out of the expansion device 14b and the pressure in the compression chamber of the compressor 10 (point F in FIG. 5)
- P inj for example, there is a pressure loss of 5 ° C. at the saturation temperature. It was.
- the opening degree (Cv value) when the refrigerant flows into the expansion device 14b in a two-phase state is calculated by calculating the specific gravity ⁇ ( ⁇ ) in the equation (10) when the liquid flows into the expansion device 14b. Used and calculated by equation (13).
- ⁇ TP (kg / m 3 ) is the two-phase refrigerant density.
- Equation (14) The two-phase refrigerant density ⁇ TP (kg / m 3 ) in the equation (13) was obtained from the equation (14).
- ⁇ G (kg / m 3 ) is the saturated gas refrigerant density
- ⁇ L (kg / m 3 ) is the saturated liquid refrigerant density
- ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is the void ratio.
- the void ratio ⁇ in the formula (14) was obtained from the formula (15).
- the source of the expression (15) is the publication “Issuing the second edition on July 10, 1995”, the editor “The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers”, the publisher “Corona Inc.”, the publisher “Corona Inc.”, the title It is the Smith formula described in the “Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow Technology Handbook”.
- ⁇ G (kg / m 3 ) is the saturated gas refrigerant density
- ⁇ L (kg / m 3 ) is the saturated liquid refrigerant density
- x ( ⁇ ) is the dryness
- e ( ⁇ ) is the total liquid flow rate. Is the ratio of the liquid flow rate in the homogeneous mixed phase to. Further, since e (-) is recommended to be 0.4, that value was used.
- an electronic expansion valve capable of freely changing the opening area (Cv value) of the throttle portion is used as the throttle device 14b. Since the electronic expansion valve changes the opening area (Cv value) of the throttle portion by moving the valve body up and down by the stepping motor, the relationship between the pulse number of the stepping motor and the Cv value can be approximated linearly.
- the relationship between the Cv value and the pulse is expressed by Expression (16).
- pulse is the number of pulses
- Cv is the Cv value
- pulse max is the maximum pulse
- pulse min is the minimum pulse.
- FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the steady opening of the expansion device 14b that controls the injection flow rate in the cooling only operation mode.
- FIG. 15 shows a table showing the estimated results of the refrigerant mass flow rate Gr, the injection flow rate Gr inj , the Cv value of the expansion device 14b, the number of pulses, and the pulse change amount when the condensation temperature changes in the cooling only operation mode. Details of the trial calculation will be described below.
- the condensation temperature is 49 ° C.
- the evaporation temperature is 0 ° C.
- the superheat (superheat degree) is 2 ° C.
- the subcool (supercool degree) is 5 ° C.
- the refrigeration cycle is balanced.
- the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 at this time is It is 104 ° C., and the injection flow rate for reducing the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 by 20 ° C. is obtained.
- the rated capacity W of 10 horsepower is 28.0 (kW)
- the enthalpy difference ⁇ h of the evaporation section is 234.1 (kJ / kg)
- the refrigerant mass flow rate Gr at the compressor suction section is 430. 6 (kg / h).
- the refrigerant mass flow rate Gr at the compressor suction portion is 430.6 (kg / h)
- the enthalpy of refrigerant at the time of injection (point K in FIG. 5) h inj is 283.7 (kJ / kg)
- injection is performed.
- discharge point enthalpy of the compressor 10 in the absence of h d (point G in FIG. 5) 593.9 (kJ / kg)
- the discharge temperature perform injection (point 5 I ) H d ′ is 567.5 (kJ / kg)
- the injection flow rate Gr inj is 40.0 (kg / h) from the equation (2).
- the steady opening of the expansion device 14b is obtained.
- the compressor is obtained from the equation (12).
- the pressure at the injection portion of 10 (point F in FIG. 5) P inj is 0.84 (MPa).
- the outflow side pressure P out of the expansion device 14b obtained by adding + 5 ° C. at the saturation temperature from this pressure is 0.99 (MPa).
- the maximum refrigerant flow rate Q is a value obtained by multiplying the injection flow rate Gr inj 40.0 (kg / h) by the inlet refrigerant density 877.2 (kg / m 3 ) of the expansion device 14b, and the specific gravity G is the inlet refrigerant density 877 of the expansion device 14b. .2 (kg / m 3 ) divided by the density of water (1000 (kg / m 3 )), the inflow side pressure Pin of the expansion device 14b is 3.07 (MPa), and the outflow of the expansion device 14b The side pressure Pout is 0.99 (MPa), and the Cv value is 0.011 from the equation (10).
- the steady opening of the expansion device 14b is 93 pulses from the above. That is, in the steady state, the opening degree of the expansion device 14b is 93 pulses and the refrigeration cycle is balanced.
- the refrigeration cycle when performing injection can be stabilized quickly.
- the steady opening is set as the initial value of the injection control.
- the injection flow rate Gr inj is 42.8 (kg / h)
- the Cv value of the expansion device 14b is 0.010
- the number of pulses is 92.
- the injection flow rate Gr inj is 35.5 (kg / h)
- the Cv value of the expansion device 14b is 0.011
- the number of pulses is 95.
- the steady opening at the condensation temperature not shown in FIG. 15 can be obtained by interpolation from the steady opening of the expansion device 14b under the evaporation temperature condition shown in FIG. That is, the steady opening degree of the expansion device 14b can be obtained by using the interpolation method.
- the opening degree under the conditions not shown in the figure is obtained by interpolation similarly.
- FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram for explaining steady opening degrees of the expansion device 14b that controls the injection flow rate and the expansion device 14a that controls the intermediate pressure in the heating only operation mode.
- FIG. 16 shows the refrigerant mass flow rate Gr, the injection flow rate Gr inj , the Cv value and number of pulses of the expansion device 14b and the pulse change amount when the intermediate pressure changes in the heating only operation mode, and the Cv value and number of pulses of the expansion device 14a.
- the trial calculation results are shown in the table. Details of the trial calculation will be described below.
- condensation temperature 49 ° C, evaporation temperature 0 ° C, superheat (superheat degree) 2 ° C, subcool (supercool degree) 5 ° C, intermediate pressure 30 ° C saturation pressure, refrigeration cycle is balanced, compression
- the discharge temperature of the machine 10 is 104 ° C., and the injection flow rate for reducing the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 by 20 ° C. is obtained.
- the rated capacity W of 10 horsepower is 31.5 (kW)
- the enthalpy difference ⁇ h of the condensing part is 310.3 (kJ / kg)
- the refrigerant mass flow rate Gr at the compressor suction part is 365. 5 (kg / h).
- the refrigerant mass flow rate Gr at the compressor suction portion is 365.5 (kg / h)
- the enthalpy of refrigerant at the time of injection point K in FIG. 7)
- h inj is 255.3 (kJ / kg), and injection is performed.
- discharge point enthalpy of the compressor 10 in the absence of h d point G in FIG.
- the maximum refrigerant flow rate Q is a value obtained by multiplying the injection flow rate Gr inj 30.9 (kg / h) by the inlet refrigerant density 940.1 (kg / m 3 ) of the expansion device 14b, and the specific gravity G is the inlet refrigerant density 940 of the expansion device 14b. .1 (kg / m 3) (was 1000 (kg / m 3). ) density of water divided by the diaphragm device 14b inflow side pressure P in the 1.93 (MPa), the iris 14b outflow side The pressure Pout is 0.99 (MPa), and the Cv value of the expansion device 14b is 0.012 from Expression (10).
- the number of pulses of the electronic expansion valve is 97 from the equation (16), and the steady opening of the expansion device 14b is 97 pulses from the above.
- the maximum refrigerant flow rate Q is a value obtained by multiplying the refrigerant mass flow rate Gr365.5 (kg / h) by the inlet refrigerant density 452.6 (kg / m 3 ) of the expansion device 14a, and the specific gravity G is the inlet refrigerant density 452.
- the expansion device 14a inflow side pressure Pin is 1.93 (MPa)
- the expansion device 14a outflow side pressure P out is 0.81 (MPa)
- the Cv value of the expansion device 14a is 0.188 from Expression (13).
- the pulse number of the electronic expansion valve is 642 from the equation (16)
- the steady opening of the expansion device 14a is 642 pulses from the above. That is, in the steady state, the opening of the expansion device 14b is 97 pulses, and the opening of the expansion device 14a is 642 pulses, so that the refrigeration cycle is balanced.
- the refrigeration cycle when performing the injection can be stabilized quickly.
- the initial opening degree of the injection control in the heating only operation mode is the same as the initial opening degree of the cooling only operation mode, for example, a Cv value of 0.018. Just make it bigger.
- the condensation temperature is 49 ° C.
- the evaporation temperature is 0 ° C.
- the superheat (superheat degree) is 2 ° C.
- the subcool (supercool degree) is 5 ° C.
- the intermediate pressure is 20 ° C.
- the saturation pressure and the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 is 104 ° C.
- the injection flow rate Gr inj for lowering the discharge temperature by 20 ° C. is 29.1 (kg / h)
- the Cv value of the expansion device 14b is 0.015
- the number of pulses is 108
- the Cv value of the expansion device 14a is 0. 286, the number of pulses is 944.
- the condensation temperature is 49 ° C
- the evaporation temperature is 0 ° C
- the superheat (superheat degree) is 2 ° C
- the subcool (supercool degree) is 5 ° C
- the intermediate pressure is 10 ° C
- the saturation pressure is 104 ° C.
- the injection flow rate Gr inj for lowering the discharge temperature by 20 ° C. is 27.6 (kg / h)
- the Cv value of the expansion device 14b is 0.029
- the number of pulses is 149
- the Cv value of the expansion device 14a is 0. 495
- the number of pulses is 1591.
- FIG. 17 is an explanatory diagram for explaining steady opening degrees of the expansion device 14b that controls the injection flow rate and the expansion device 14a that controls the intermediate pressure when the evaporation temperature changes in the heating only operation mode.
- FIG. 17 shows the refrigerant mass flow rate Gr, the injection flow rate Gr inj , the Cv value and pulse number and pulse variation of the expansion device 14b, and the Cv value and pulse number of the expansion device 14a when the evaporation temperature changes in the heating only operation mode.
- the calculation results are shown in a table. The results of this trial calculation are described below.
- the condensation temperature is 49 ° C
- the evaporation temperature is -15 ° C
- the superheat (superheat degree) is 2 ° C
- the subcool (supercool degree) is 5 ° C
- the intermediate pressure is the saturation pressure of 30 ° C
- the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 is 130 ° C.
- the injection flow rate Gr inj for lowering the discharge temperature by 20 ° C. is 19.0 (kg / h)
- the Cv value of the expansion device 14b is 0.006
- the number of pulses is 79
- the Cv value of the expansion device 14a is 0.121
- the number of pulses is 433.
- a condensation temperature of 49 ° C. an evaporation temperature of ⁇ 30 ° C., a superheat (superheat degree) of 2 ° C., a subcool (supercool degree) of 5 ° C., an intermediate pressure of 30 ° C., a saturated pressure, and a discharge temperature of the compressor 10 of 163 ° C.
- the injection flow rate Gr inj for lowering the discharge temperature by 20 ° C. is 9.5 (kg / h)
- the Cv value of the expansion device 14b is 0.003
- the number of pulses is 69
- the Cv value of the expansion device 14a is 0. 0.04 and the number of pulses is 259.
- FIG. 18 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the steady opening of the expansion device 14b that controls the injection flow rate in the cooling main operation mode.
- FIG. 18 is a table showing the estimated results of the refrigerant mass flow rate Gr, the injection flow rate Grinj, the Cv value of the expansion device 14b, the number of pulses, and the amount of pulse change in the cooling main operation mode. Since the trial calculation method is the same as that in the above-described cooling only operation mode, it is omitted, and only the trial calculation result will be described below.
- the injection flow rate Gr inj for lowering the discharge temperature by 20 ° C. is 41.7 (kg / h)
- the Cv value of the expansion device 14b is 0.011
- the number of pulses is 96. It becomes. That is, in the steady state, the opening degree of the expansion device 14b is 96 pulses and the refrigeration cycle is balanced. By using this value as the initial value of the injection control, the refrigeration cycle when performing the injection can be stabilized quickly.
- FIG. 19 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the steady opening of the expansion device 14b that controls the injection flow rate in the heating main operation mode.
- FIG. 19 shows the calculation results of the injection flow rate Gr inj , the Cv value of the expansion device 14b, the number of pulses and the amount of pulse change, the Cv value of the expansion device 14a, and the number of pulses when the intermediate pressure changes in the heating main operation mode. Is shown. Since the trial calculation method is the same as that in the above-described heating only operation mode, it is omitted, and only the trial calculation result will be described below.
- the injection flow rate Gr inj for reducing the discharge temperature by 20 ° C. is 27.2 (kg / h)
- the Cv value of the expansion device 14b Is 0.062
- the number of pulses is 252
- the Cv value of the diaphragm 14a is 0.950
- the number of pulses is 3000.
- the opening of the expansion device 14b is 252 pulses, and the opening of the expansion device 14a is 3000 pulses, so that the refrigeration cycle is balanced.
- this value as the initial value of the injection control, the refrigeration cycle when performing the injection can be stabilized quickly.
- the condensation temperature is 49 ° C
- the evaporation temperature is 0 ° C
- the superheat (superheat degree) is 2 ° C
- the subcool (supercool degree) is 5 ° C
- the intermediate pressure is 12 ° C
- the saturation pressure is medium
- the indoor cooling load is medium
- the discharge temperature is 104 ° C.
- the injection flow rate Gr inj for lowering the discharge temperature by 20 ° C. is 27.9 (kg / h)
- the Cv value of the expansion device 14b is 0.023
- the number of pulses is 132
- the expansion device 14a The Cv value is 0.710 and the number of pulses is 2256.
- the condensation temperature is 49 ° C.
- the evaporation temperature is 0 ° C.
- the superheat (superheat degree) is 2 ° C.
- the subcool (supercool degree) is 5 ° C.
- the intermediate pressure is a saturation pressure of 17 ° C.
- the indoor cooling load is medium
- the discharge temperature is 104 ° C.
- the injection flow rate Gr inj for lowering the discharge temperature by 20 ° C. is 28.6 (kg / h)
- the Cv value of the expansion device 14b is 0.017
- the number of pulses is 113
- the expansion device 14a The Cv value is 0.552 and the number of pulses is 1770.
- FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the steady opening of the expansion device 14b that controls the injection flow rate when the evaporation temperature changes in the heating main operation mode.
- FIG. 20 shows the injection flow rate Gr inj (kg / h), the Cv value of the expansion device 14b, the number of pulses and the amount of pulse change, the Cv value of the expansion device 14a, and the number of pulses when the evaporation temperature changes in the heating main operation mode.
- the calculation results are shown in a table. The results of this trial calculation are described below.
- the injection flow rate Gr inj for reducing the discharge temperature by 20 ° C. is 21.1 (kg / h)
- the Cv of the expansion device 14b is Cv.
- the value is 0.014
- the number of pulses is 104
- the Cv value of the diaphragm device 14a is 0.592
- the number of pulses is 1891.
- the opening / closing device 24 is closed for a predetermined time, for example, 3 minutes, and the opening of the expansion device 14b is fully closed.
- a predetermined time for example, 3 minutes
- the expansion device 14b may be opened when a predetermined time is exceeded.
- the expansion device 14b may be opened when the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 or the discharge pressure of the compressor 10 exceeds a predetermined value.
- the all heating operation mode it is necessary to operate under a condition where the outside air temperature is lower than that in the heating main operation mode, and it is necessary to increase the target value of the intermediate pressure in order to increase the injection flow rate. Further, in the heating main operation mode, the intermediate pressure must be lowered in order to ensure the cooling capacity (for example, control is performed in the range of 0 ° C. to 10 ° C.). Therefore, it is necessary to set the intermediate pressure in the all heating operation mode to a target value higher than the intermediate pressure in the heating main operation mode.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of a control target value when the operation mode is changed from the heating only operation mode to the heating main operation mode.
- the opening degree (Cv value), the number of pulses and the pulse change amount of the expansion device 14a when the mode is changed between the heating only operation mode and the heating main operation mode are represented by the opening degree (Cv value) of the expansion device 14b, The number of pulses and the amount of pulse change are shown.
- the condensing temperature is determined from the heating operation mode in which the condensation temperature is 49 degrees, the evaporation temperature is 0 degrees Celsius, the superheat (superheat degree) is 2 degrees Celsius, the subcool (degree of supercooling) is 5 degrees Celsius, and the intermediate pressure is 30 degrees Celsius. 49 ° C., evaporation temperature 0 ° C., superheat 2 ° C., subcool 5 ° C., intermediate pressure 7 ° C. saturation pressure, indoor cooling load is medium (dryness 0.6 flows into gas-liquid separator 27b)
- the condensation temperature is 49 degrees
- the evaporation temperature is 0 degrees Celsius
- the superheat (superheat degree) is 2 degrees Celsius
- the subcool (degree of supercooling) is 5 degrees Celsius
- the intermediate pressure is 30 degrees Celsius. 49 ° C., evaporation temperature 0 ° C., superheat 2 ° C., subcool 5 ° C., intermediate pressure 7 ° C. saturation pressure
- indoor cooling load is medium (dry
- the opening degree and the number of pulses of the expansion device 14a at this time are a Cv value of 0.188 and a pulse number of 642 in the heating only operation mode, and a Cv value of 0.950 and a pulse number of 3000 in the heating main operation mode. Therefore, when the operation mode changes from the heating only operation mode to the heating main operation mode, the opening degree of the expansion device 14b is controlled to increase the number of pulses by 2360. Further, the opening degree and the number of pulses of the expansion device 14b are a Cv value of 0.012 and a pulse number of 97 in the all heating operation mode, and a Cv value of 0.062 and a pulse number of 252 in the heating main operation mode. Therefore, when the operation mode changes from the heating only operation mode to the heating main operation mode, the opening degree of the expansion device 14b is controlled to increase the number of pulses by 160.
- the operation mode can be switched while ensuring reliability by setting the above-described steady opening as the initial value of the injection control when the operation mode is changed. .
- the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 is switched in order after the opening of the expansion device 14b is set to a predetermined opening. That is, if the first refrigerant flow switching device 11 is switched first, the injection from the intermediate pressure changes to the injection from the high pressure, the amount of injection into the compressor 10 increases too much, and the discharge temperature decreases too much. Alternatively, the inflow of the liquid refrigerant to the compressor 10 may be excessive.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of a control target value when the operation mode is changed from the heating main operation mode to the cooling main operation mode.
- the opening degree (Cv value) of the expansion device 14a, the number of pulses and the amount of change in the expansion device 14b, and the opening amount (Cv value) of the expansion device 14b when the mode changes between the heating main operation mode and the cooling main operation mode are shown.
- the condensation temperature is 49 ° C.
- the evaporation temperature is 0 ° C.
- the superheat (superheat degree) is 2 ° C.
- the subcool (supercool degree) is 5 ° C.
- the saturation pressure is an intermediate pressure of 7 ° C.
- the indoor cooling load is medium (the dryness is 0.
- the condensation temperature is 49 ° C
- the evaporation temperature is 0 ° C
- the superheat is 2 ° C
- the subcool is 5 ° C
- the indoor heating load is medium (dryness 0.6)
- the opening and pulse number of the expansion device 14a at this time are Cv value 0.950 and pulse number 3000 in the heating main operation mode, and the refrigerant does not flow in the cooling main operation mode, so the opening can be set freely. Therefore, when the operation mode changes from the heating main operation mode to the cooling main operation mode, control is performed to keep the opening degree of the expansion device 14b as it is. Further, the opening degree and the number of pulses of the expansion device 14b are a Cv value of 0.062 and a pulse number of 252 in the heating main operation mode, and a Cv value of 0.011 and a pulse number of 96 in the cooling main operation mode. Therefore, when the operation mode changes from the heating main operation mode to the cooling main operation mode, the opening degree of the expansion device 14b is controlled to reduce the number of pulses by 160.
- the refrigeration cycle when the operation mode is changed can be stabilized quickly by using the above-described steady opening as the initial value of the injection control when the operation mode is changed.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of a control target value when the operation mode changes from the cooling main operation mode to the cooling only operation mode.
- FIG. 23 shows the opening degree (Cv value), the number of pulses, and the amount of pulse change of the expansion device 14b when the mode is changed between the cooling main operation mode and the cooling only operation mode.
- the condensation temperature is 49 ° C
- the evaporation temperature is 0 ° C
- the superheat (superheat degree) is 2 ° C
- the subcool (supercool degree) is 5 ° C
- the room heating load is medium (the dryness is 0.6, and it flows into the gas-liquid separator 27a)
- the opening degree and the number of pulses of the expansion device 14b at this time are a Cv value of 0.011 and a pulse number of 96 in the cooling main operation mode, and a Cv value of 0.011 and a pulse number of 93 in the cooling only operation mode. Therefore, since the change amount of the pulse is small, the opening degree is not changed in the mode change between the cooling main operation mode and the cooling only operation mode.
- the refrigeration cycle when the operation mode is changed can be quickly stabilized by setting the above-described steady opening as the initial value of the injection control when the operation mode is changed. .
- the opening degree of the expansion device 14b is controlled to be increased by a predetermined opening degree.
- the increase / decrease of the pulse change amount when the operation mode changes from the cooling main operation mode to the cooling only operation mode may be controlled.
- the opening degree of the expansion device 14b is controlled to be reduced by a predetermined opening degree depending on the subcool.
- the opening of the expansion device 14b is controlled to be increased by a predetermined opening.
- the injection control method in the heating only operation mode and the heating main operation mode includes a method in which the opening degree of the expansion device 14b is always fully opened and both the intermediate pressure and the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 are controlled only by the expansion device 14a. Is possible.
- FIG. 24 is a flowchart showing an example of a flow of control processing when controlling both the intermediate pressure and the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 only by the expansion device 14a. Based on FIG. 24, the control process when controlling both the intermediate pressure and the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 only by the expansion device 14a will be described. There is no change in the injection control method in the cooling only operation mode and the cooling main operation mode that do not require an intermediate pressure. Moreover, the control process of the air conditioning apparatus 100 shown here is performed by the control apparatus 50 mentioned above.
- the control device 50 When the outdoor unit 1 is activated and processing is started (AB1), the control device 50 first sets a discharge temperature target value that is a discharge temperature control target value of the compressor 10 (AB2). This discharge temperature target value is such that the pressure loss in the heat source side heat exchanger 12 becomes smaller when the injection flow rate is increased in the heating operation. Therefore, the target value of the discharge temperature is lowered so as to increase the injection flow rate, for example, 80 ° C. Etc. Next, the control device 50 detects the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 based on the information from the discharge refrigerant temperature detection device 37 (AB3).
- the control device 50 sets a target value for the intermediate pressure. (AB4).
- the target value of the intermediate pressure is preferably increased so as to increase the injection flow rate in the heating only operation mode, for example, 1.93 MPa that is the saturation pressure of the R32 refrigerant at 30 ° C.
- the evaporation temperature that is, the intermediate pressure cannot be increased.
- the saturation pressure at 7 ° C. of the R32 refrigerant may be set to 1.01 MPa or the like. .
- the control device 50 detects the intermediate pressure based on the information from the intermediate pressure detection device 32 (AB5).
- the control device 50 determines whether or not the difference between the target value of the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 and the detected value is smaller than a predetermined temperature difference, for example, 0.5 ° C. (AB6). If the difference between the target value and the detected value of the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 is equal to or greater than a predetermined temperature difference (AB6; NO), and the detected value of the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 is larger than the target value,
- the control device 50 increases the opening degree of the expansion device 14a (upper part of AB7).
- the control device 50 reduces the opening degree of the expansion device 14a (lower stage of AB7).
- the control device 50 ends the control of the discharge temperature (AB8).
- the method of obtaining the opening of the expansion device 14a is the same as the calculation method described above, and is omitted. Further, the steady opening of the expansion device 14a in each operation mode and each intermediate pressure target value is almost the same as the opening described in FIGS. Moreover, the refrigeration cycle in the case of performing injection by intermediate pressure control can be quickly stabilized by setting the above-described steady opening as the initial value of the injection control.
- the method of opening the opening of the expansion device 14b during heating operation and controlling the intermediate pressure and the injection flow rate simultaneously only with the expansion device 14a does not use the expansion device 14b during heating. Further, since the high-pressure refrigerant is injected during the cooling operation, the expansion device 14b needs only a small maximum opening. Accordingly, an inexpensive device having a small capacity can be used as the diaphragm device 14b.
- FIG. 25 is a flowchart showing an example of the flow of control processing when controlling both the intermediate pressure and the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 only by the expansion device 14a. Based on FIG. 25, the control process when controlling both the intermediate pressure and the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 only by the expansion device 14a will be described. There is no change in the injection control method between the cooling only operation mode and the cooling main operation mode that do not require an intermediate pressure. Moreover, the control process of the air conditioning apparatus 100 shown here is performed by the control apparatus 50 mentioned above.
- the control device 50 When the outdoor unit 1 is activated and processing is started (CD1), the control device 50 first sets a discharge temperature target value that is a discharge temperature control target value of the compressor 10 (CD2). This discharge temperature target value is such that the pressure loss in the heat source side heat exchanger 12 becomes smaller when the injection flow rate is increased in the heating operation. Therefore, the target value of the discharge temperature is lowered so as to increase the injection flow rate, for example, 80 ° C. Etc. Next, the control device 50 detects the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 based on the information from the discharge refrigerant temperature detection device 37 (CD3).
- CD3 discharge refrigerant temperature detection device 37
- the control device 50 sets a target value of the difference (differential pressure) between the intermediate pressure and the suction pressure of the compressor 10 (CD4).
- the target value of the differential pressure is preferably increased so that the injection flow rate is increased in the heating only operation mode, for example, 1.11 MPa which is the difference between the saturation pressures of the R32 refrigerant at 30 ° C. and 0 ° C.
- the target value of the differential pressure in this case may be set to 0.20 MPa, which is the difference between the saturation pressures of the R32 refrigerant at 7 ° C. and 0 ° C., for example.
- the control device 50 detects the intermediate pressure based on the information from the intermediate pressure detection device 32 (CD5).
- the control device 50 detects the suction pressure of the compressor 10 based on information from the suction pressure detection device 33 (CD6), and calculates the difference (differential pressure) between the intermediate pressure and the suction pressure of the compressor 10 (CD7).
- the control device 50 determines whether or not the difference between the target value of the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 and the detected value is smaller than a predetermined temperature difference, for example, 0.5 ° C. (CD8).
- the control device 50 increases the opening degree of the expansion device 14a so as to increase the differential pressure (upper stage of CD9).
- the control device 50 reduces the opening degree of the expansion device 14a so as to reduce the differential pressure (lower stage of CD9).
- the control device 50 ends the control of the discharge temperature (CD10). Note that the method of obtaining the opening degree of the expansion device 14a is the same as the calculation method described above, and is therefore omitted.
- FIG. 26 is a table showing the steady-state opening degree of the expansion device 14a in each operation mode and each differential pressure target value.
- the steady-state opening is obtained by calculating a saturation pressure difference in the temperature difference between the evaporation temperature and the saturation temperature of the intermediate pressure as a differential pressure, and using the steady-state opening of the expansion device 14a at that time as a trial calculation result of the intermediate pressure target value in the heating only operation mode. (FIG. 16) and the trial calculation result (FIG. 19) of the intermediate pressure target value in the heating main operation mode.
- the refrigeration cycle in the case of performing injection by differential pressure control can be quickly stabilized by setting the above-described steady opening as the initial value of the injection control.
- the differential pressure is obtained from the detected value of the suction pressure detection device 33
- the differential pressure may be obtained by converting the detected temperature of the suction refrigerant temperature detection device 38 into a saturated pressure. In this case, however, the refrigerant must be in a gas-liquid two-phase state.
- the method of opening the opening of the expansion device 14b during heating operation and controlling the differential pressure and the injection flow rate simultaneously only with the expansion device 14a does not use the expansion device 14b during heating. Further, since the high-pressure refrigerant is injected during the cooling operation, the expansion device 14b needs only a small maximum opening. Therefore, a diaphragm device having a small capacity and a low cost can be used as the diaphragm device 14b.
- the injection flow rate is provided via the gas-liquid separator (gas-liquid separator 27a, gas-liquid separator 27b) and the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28. Since the refrigerant flows into the expansion device 14b for controlling the refrigerant, the refrigerant flowing into the expansion device 14b can be reliably used as the liquid refrigerant. Therefore, in the air conditioning apparatus 100, stable injection control can be realized regardless of the operation mode, and the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 can be prevented from becoming too high.
- FIG. FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a circuit configuration of the air-conditioning apparatus 200 according to Embodiment 2.
- the air conditioner 200 according to the second embodiment has a configuration in which the gas-liquid separator 27a and the gas-liquid separator 27b of the air conditioner 100 according to the first embodiment are replaced with a branching portion 29a and a branching portion 29b. ing. Since the other configuration is the same as that of the air conditioner 100 according to Embodiment 1, the description thereof is omitted. Further, the flow of the heat medium is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
- the branch portion 29a diverts the refrigerant that has passed through the check valve 13a or the check valve 13b into the refrigerant pipe 4 and the branch pipe 4d.
- the branch part 29b splits the refrigerant returned from the heat medium relay unit 3 into the branch pipe 4d and the refrigerant flowing through the check valve 13d or the check valve 13c.
- FIG. 28 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 200 is in the cooling only operation mode.
- FIG. 29 is a ph diagram showing state transition of the heat source side refrigerant in the cooling only operation mode.
- FIG. 30 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 200 is in the heating only operation mode.
- FIG. 31 is a ph diagram showing state transition of the heat source side refrigerant in the cooling only operation mode.
- FIG. 32 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 200 is in the cooling main operation mode.
- FIG. 29 is a ph diagram showing state transition of the heat source side refrigerant in the cooling only operation mode.
- FIG. 30 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 200 is in the heating only operation mode.
- FIG. 31 is
- FIG. 33 is a ph diagram showing state transition of the heat-source-side refrigerant in the cooling main operation mode.
- FIG. 34 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 200 is in the heating main operation mode.
- FIG. 35 is a ph diagram showing state transition of the heat source side refrigerant in the heating main operation mode.
- the flow of the heat source side refrigerant in each operation mode of the air conditioner 200 is basically the same as the flow of the heat source side refrigerant described in the first embodiment.
- the branch part 29a and the branch part 29b are installed instead of the gas-liquid separator 27a and the gas-liquid separator 27b, the heat source side refrigerant branched at the branch part 29a and the branch part 29b. Is slightly different from the air conditioner 100 according to the first embodiment.
- Embodiment 2 A specific control method at the time of injection of the air-conditioning apparatus 200 according to Embodiment 2 will be described. Note that the injection control for reducing the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 is as shown in FIG. 15 described in the first embodiment. Further, the control of the injection flow rate and the method of obtaining the opening degree of the expansion device 14a and the expansion device 14b are the same as in the first embodiment. However, in the air conditioning apparatus 200, since the refrigerant circuit configuration is different from that of the air conditioning apparatus 100, the injection flow rate and the steady opening of the expansion devices 14a and 14b are also different. Therefore, regarding the injection control method in each operation mode, a different part from Embodiment 1 is demonstrated.
- the compression chamber of the compressor 10 has a smaller internal volume while being rotated 0 to 360 degrees by a motor (not shown).
- the internal low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant sucked into the compression chamber is compressed and the pressure and temperature rise as the internal volume of the compression chamber decreases.
- an opening formed at a part of the compression chamber
- Ten external injection pipes 4c communicate with each other.
- the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 10 is condensed and liquefied by the heat source side heat exchanger 12 to become a high-pressure liquid refrigerant (point J in FIG. 29), and reaches the branching portion 29a via the check valve 13a.
- the opening / closing device 24 is opened, and the high-pressure liquid refrigerant is branched at the branching portion 29a.
- One refrigerant branched by the branch portion 29a flows into the injection pipe 4c through the opening / closing device 24 and the branch pipe 4d, flows into the expansion device 14b through the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28, and is decompressed. It becomes a medium pressure two-phase refrigerant.
- the refrigerant flowing into the expansion device 14b is depressurized by the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 and cooled by the refrigerant whose pressure and temperature are reduced (point J ′ in FIG. 29), and after being throttled by the expansion device 14b ( In FIG. 29, point K ′), the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 heats the refrigerant before decompression (point K in FIG. 29) and introduces it into the compression chamber.
- the throttle device 14b may not be able to perform stable control. Therefore, by adopting such a configuration, even if the subcool (supercooling degree) at the outlet of the heat source side heat exchanger 12 is small due to a small amount of refrigerant enclosed, the expansion device 14b can be surely Liquid refrigerant can be supplied, and stable control becomes possible.
- FIG. 36 shows the steady opening of the expansion device 14b that controls the injection flow rate when the condensation temperature changes in the cooling only operation mode. Further, the calculation conditions and the calculation process in each operation mode are the same as those in the first embodiment, and therefore will be omitted.
- FIG. 30 The internal volume of the compression chamber of the compressor 10 decreases while being rotated by 0 to 360 degrees by the motor.
- the internal low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant sucked into the compression chamber is compressed and the pressure and temperature rise as the internal volume of the compression chamber decreases.
- the opening opens (the state at this time is point F in FIG. 31) so that the inside of the compression chamber and the injection pipe 4c outside the compressor 10 communicate with each other. It has become.
- the refrigerant returning to the outdoor unit 1 from the heat medium relay unit 3 via the refrigerant pipe 4 is controlled to an intermediate pressure state by the action of the expansion device 14a on the upstream side of the expansion device 14a (see FIG. 31). Point J).
- action of the expansion apparatus 14a is branched by the branch part 29b, and a part of refrigerant
- the heat source side refrigerant flowing into the expansion device 14b is liquefied by being cooled by the heat source side refrigerant whose pressure and temperature are reduced by reducing the pressure and temperature in the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 (point J 'in FIG. 31).
- This heat-source-side refrigerant is squeezed by the expansion device 14b (point K ′ in FIG. 31) and then heated by the refrigerant before decompression in the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 (point K in FIG. 31). And it introduce
- FIG. 37 shows the steady opening degrees of the expansion device 14b that controls the injection flow rate and the expansion device 14a that controls the intermediate pressure when the intermediate pressure changes in the heating only operation mode.
- FIG. 38 shows the steady opening degrees of the expansion device 14b that controls the injection flow rate and the expansion device 14a that controls the intermediate pressure when the evaporation temperature changes in the heating only operation mode.
- FIG. 32 The compression chamber of the compressor 10 has a smaller internal volume while being rotated 0 to 360 degrees by a motor (not shown).
- the internal low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant sucked into the compression chamber is compressed and the pressure and temperature rise as the internal volume of the compression chamber decreases.
- an opening formed at a part of the compression chamber
- Ten external injection pipes 4c communicate with each other.
- the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 10 is condensed in the heat source side heat exchanger 12 to become a high-pressure two-phase refrigerant (point J in FIG. 33), and reaches the branching portion 29a via the check valve 13a.
- the switchgear 24 is opened, and the high-pressure two-phase refrigerant is branched at the branching portion 29a.
- One refrigerant branched by the branch portion 29a flows into the injection pipe 4c through the opening / closing device 24 and the branch pipe 4d, flows into the expansion device 14b through the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28, and is decompressed. It becomes a medium pressure two-phase refrigerant.
- the refrigerant flowing into the expansion device 14b is liquefied by being depressurized by the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 and cooled by the refrigerant whose pressure and temperature are reduced (point J ′ in FIG. 33), and is reduced by the expansion device 14b. After that (point K ′ in FIG. 33), the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 heats the refrigerant before decompression (point K in FIG. 33) and introduces it into the compression chamber.
- the high-pressure two-phase refrigerant can be converted into a high-pressure liquid refrigerant and then flowed into the expansion device 14b, and stable control can be performed.
- FIG. 39 shows a steady opening degree of the expansion device 14b that controls the injection flow rate when the indoor heating load (dryness) changes in the cooling main operation mode.
- FIG. 34 The refrigerant injection operation will be described with reference to FIGS. 34 and 35.
- FIG. The compression chamber of the compressor 10 has a smaller internal volume while being rotated 0 to 360 degrees by a motor (not shown).
- the internal low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant sucked into the compression chamber is compressed and the pressure and temperature rise as the internal volume of the compression chamber decreases.
- an opening formed at a part of the compression chamber
- Ten external injection pipes 4c communicate with each other.
- the refrigerant returning from the heat medium relay unit 3 to the outdoor unit 1 via the refrigerant pipe 4 is controlled to an intermediate pressure state by the action of the expansion device 14a on the upstream side of the expansion device 14a (see FIG. 35). Point J).
- action of the expansion apparatus 14a is branched by the branch part 29b, and a part of refrigerant
- the heat-source-side refrigerant flowing into the expansion device 14b is liquefied by being cooled by the refrigerant whose pressure and temperature have been reduced in the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 (point J 'in FIG. 35).
- the heat source side refrigerant is squeezed by the expansion device 14b (point K ′ in FIG. 35), and then heated by the refrigerant before decompression in the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 (point K in FIG. 35). And it introduce
- the medium pressure two-phase refrigerant can be changed to the medium pressure liquid refrigerant and then flowed into the expansion device 14b, thereby enabling stable control.
- the steady opening degree of the expansion device 14b for controlling the injection flow rate and the expansion device 14a for controlling the intermediate pressure when the intermediate pressure changes in the heating main operation mode is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 41 shows the steady opening degrees of the expansion device 14b that controls the injection flow rate and the expansion device 14a that controls the intermediate pressure when the evaporation temperature changes in the heating main operation mode.
- the intermediate pressure and the injection flow rate can be separately controlled by the two expansion devices 14a and 14b. Therefore, according to the air conditioner 200, the intermediate pressure and the injection flow rate can be arbitrarily controlled, so that the injection under various conditions can be stably performed.
- the steady opening of the expansion device 14a in each operation mode and each intermediate pressure target value is almost the same as the opening described in FIGS. Moreover, the refrigeration cycle in the case of performing the injection by the intermediate pressure control can be quickly stabilized by setting the steady opening of the expansion device 14a as the initial value of the injection control.
- the method of opening the opening of the expansion device 14b during heating operation and controlling the intermediate pressure and the injection flow rate simultaneously only with the expansion device 14a does not use the expansion device 14b during heating. Further, since the high-pressure refrigerant is injected during the cooling operation, the expansion device 14b needs only a small maximum opening. Accordingly, an inexpensive device having a small capacity can be used as the diaphragm device 14b.
- the opening degree of the expansion device 14b is always fully open, and the detected value of the intermediate pressure detection device 32 and the compressor are only in the expansion device 14a.
- a method is also possible in which the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 is lowered by controlling the difference (differential pressure) from the detected value of the suction pressure detection device 33 installed in the vicinity of the suction 10. Since the flow of this control process is the same as that in FIG. 25 described in the first embodiment, a description thereof will be omitted.
- FIG. 45 is a table showing the steady-state opening of the expansion device 14a in each operation mode and each differential pressure target value.
- the steady-state opening is obtained by calculating a saturation pressure difference in the temperature difference between the evaporation temperature and the saturation temperature of the intermediate pressure as a differential pressure. (FIG. 37) and the trial calculation result (FIG. 40) of the intermediate pressure target value in the heating main operation mode.
- the refrigeration cycle in the case of performing injection by differential pressure control can be quickly stabilized by setting the above-described steady opening as the initial value of the injection control.
- the method of opening the opening of the expansion device 14b during heating operation and controlling the differential pressure and the injection flow rate simultaneously only with the expansion device 14a does not use the expansion device 14b during heating. Further, since the high-pressure refrigerant is injected during the cooling operation, the expansion device 14b needs only a small maximum opening. Therefore, a diaphragm device having a small capacity and a low cost can be used as the diaphragm device 14b.
- the expansion device 14b that controls the injection flow rate via the branch portions (the branch portions 29a and 29b) and the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28. Therefore, the refrigerant flowing into the expansion device 14b can be reliably used as the liquid refrigerant. Therefore, in the air conditioning apparatus 200, stable injection control can be realized regardless of the operation mode, and the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 can be prevented from becoming too high. Moreover, according to the air conditioning apparatus 200, since a gas-liquid separator is not used, manufacturing cost becomes cheaper.
- FIG. 46 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a circuit configuration of the air-conditioning apparatus 300 according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 47 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration example of the diaphragm device 14 (the diaphragm device 14a and the diaphragm device 14b).
- the air conditioner 300 according to the third embodiment removes the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 of the air conditioner 200 according to the second embodiment, and the stirring device 46 shown in FIG. It is the structure which uses an attached diaphragm apparatus.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the air conditioner 100 according to the first embodiment and the air conditioner 200 according to the second embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted. Further, the flow of the heat medium is the same as that of the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
- the expansion device 14 includes an inflow pipe 41 serving as a refrigerant inflow port, an outflow pipe 42 serving as a refrigerant outflow port, a throttling portion 43 that depressurizes the refrigerant, and a valve that adjusts a throttling amount by the throttling portion 43. It comprises a body 44, a motor 45 that drives the valve body 44, and a stirring device 46 that stirs the refrigerant.
- the stirring device 46 is installed in the inflow pipe 41.
- the two-phase refrigerant that has flowed in from the inflow pipe 41 reaches the agitator 46, and the gas refrigerant and the liquid refrigerant are agitated almost uniformly by the action of the agitator 46.
- the two-phase refrigerant in which the gas refrigerant and the liquid refrigerant are almost uniformly mixed is squeezed and depressurized by the throttle portion 43 and flows out from the outflow pipe 42. At this time, the position of the valve body 44 is adjusted by the motor 45, and the throttle amount at the throttle unit 43 is controlled.
- the stirrer 46 may be anything as long as it can create a state in which the gas refrigerant and the liquid refrigerant are almost uniformly mixed.
- a metal foam may be used.
- Foam metal is a metal porous body having the same three-dimensional network structure as a resin foam such as sponge, and has the highest porosity (porosity) (80% to 97%) among the metal porous bodies. It is. When the two-phase refrigerant is circulated through the metal foam, there is an effect that the gas in the refrigerant is refined and stirred under the influence of the three-dimensional network structure and is mixed with the liquid uniformly.
- the flow of the refrigerant is when the inner diameter of the pipe into which the refrigerant flows is D ′, and when the length from the location having a structure that disturbs the flow (for example, the location where the stirring device is installed) to the throttle portion is L ′, It has become clear in the field of fluid mechanics that when the distance reaches an L / D of 8 to 10, the influence of turbulence is eliminated and the flow returns to the original flow. Therefore, the inner diameter of the inflow pipe 41 of the expansion device 14 is D, the length from the agitation device 46 to the expansion unit 43 is L, and the agitation device 46 is preferably installed at a position where L / D is 6 or less. When the stirring device 46 is installed at this position, the stirred two-phase refrigerant can reach the throttle unit 43 while being stirred, and stable control is possible.
- FIG. 48 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 300 is in the cooling only operation mode.
- FIG. 49 is a ph diagram showing state transition of the heat-source-side refrigerant in the cooling only operation mode.
- FIG. 50 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 300 is in the heating only operation mode.
- FIG. 51 is a ph diagram showing state transition of the heat source side refrigerant in the cooling only operation mode.
- FIG. 52 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 300 is in the cooling main operation mode.
- FIG. 53 is a ph diagram showing state transition of the heat-source-side refrigerant in the cooling main operation mode.
- FIG. 54 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant flow when the air-conditioning apparatus 300 is in the heating main operation mode.
- FIG. 55 is a ph diagram showing state transition of the heat-source-side refrigerant in the heating main operation mode.
- the flow of the heat source side refrigerant in each operation mode of the air conditioner 300 is basically the same as the flow of the heat source side refrigerant described in the first embodiment.
- the air conditioner 300 employs the throttle device 14 having a structure as shown in FIG. 47, the injection flow rate and the steady opening of the throttle device 14a and the throttle device 14b are different. Therefore, this point will be described in detail.
- aperture device 14a, aperture device 14b When an electronic expansion valve is used for the expansion device 14a and the expansion device 14b, when a refrigerant in a two-phase state flows in and the gas refrigerant and the liquid refrigerant flow separately, the state where the gas flows and the liquid flows in the expansion portion. The flowing state may occur separately, and the pressure on the outlet side may not be stable. In particular, when the dryness is small, the refrigerant is separated and the tendency is strong.
- the air conditioner 300 employs the structure shown in FIG. 47 as the expansion device 14a and the expansion device 14b.
- the throttle device having such a structure When the throttle device having such a structure is used, stable control is possible even if two-phase refrigerant flows.
- a gas-liquid separator When a gas-liquid separator is used as in the first embodiment, sufficiently stable control can be performed without employing a throttling device having such a structure, but as in the second and third embodiments.
- the gas-liquid separator is not used, by adopting such a squeezed throttle device, stable control can be performed as in the first embodiment regardless of the environmental conditions.
- FIG. 48 The refrigerant injection operation will be described with reference to FIGS. 48 and 49.
- FIG. The compression chamber of the compressor 10 has a smaller internal volume while being rotated 0 to 360 degrees by a motor (not shown).
- the internal low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant sucked into the compression chamber is compressed and the pressure and temperature rise as the internal volume of the compression chamber decreases.
- an opening formed at a part of the compression chamber
- Ten external injection pipes 4c communicate with each other.
- the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 10 is condensed and liquefied by the heat source side heat exchanger 12 to become a high-pressure liquid refrigerant (point J in FIG. 49), and reaches the branching portion 29a via the check valve 13a.
- the opening / closing device 24 is opened, and the high-pressure liquid refrigerant is branched at the branching portion 29a.
- One refrigerant branched by the branch portion 29a flows into the injection pipe 4c through the opening / closing device 24 and the branch pipe 4d, flows into the expansion device 14b through the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28, and is decompressed. It becomes a medium-pressure two-phase refrigerant (point K in FIG. 49), and is introduced into the compression chamber from an opening provided in the compression chamber of the compressor 10.
- the medium-pressure gas refrigerant (point F in FIG. 49) and the low-temperature medium-pressure two-phase refrigerant (point K in FIG. 49) are mixed, and the temperature of the refrigerant decreases (point H in FIG. 49).
- the discharge temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 decreases (point I in FIG. 49).
- the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 when this injection is not performed is point G in FIG. 49, and it can be seen that the discharge temperature is lowered from point G to point I by the injection.
- the branching portion 29b has a structure in which the refrigerant is divided in a state of flowing from the bottom to the top in order to uniformly distribute the refrigerant that has flowed into the two-phase state. By doing so, the two-phase refrigerant is more uniformly distributed.
- FIG. 56 shows a steady opening of the expansion device 14b that controls the injection flow rate when the condensation temperature changes in the cooling only operation mode.
- the calculation conditions and the calculation process are the same as those in the first embodiment, and are therefore omitted.
- FIG. 50 The refrigerant injection operation will be described with reference to FIGS. 50 and 51.
- the internal low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant sucked into the compression chamber is compressed and the pressure and temperature rise as the internal volume of the compression chamber decreases.
- the opening opens (the state at this time is point F in FIG. 51) so that the inside of the compression chamber and the injection pipe 4c outside the compressor 10 communicate with each other. It has become.
- the refrigerant returning to the outdoor unit 1 from the heat medium relay unit 3 via the refrigerant pipe 4 is controlled to an intermediate pressure state by the action of the expansion device 14a on the upstream side of the expansion device 14a (FIG. 51). Point J). And the two-phase refrigerant
- action of the expansion apparatus 14a is branched by the branch part 29b, and a part of refrigerant
- This refrigerant flows into the injection pipe 4c via the backflow prevention device 20, flows into the expansion device 14b via the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28, is decompressed, and is a two-phase low temperature / intermediate pressure with a slight pressure drop. It becomes a refrigerant (point K in FIG. 51) and is introduced into the compression chamber from the opening provided in the compression chamber of the compressor 10.
- the medium-pressure gas refrigerant (point F in FIG. 51) and the low-temperature medium-pressure two-phase refrigerant (point K in FIG. 51) are mixed, and the temperature of the refrigerant decreases (point H in FIG. 51).
- coolant discharged from the compressor 10 falls (point I of FIG. 51).
- the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 when this injection is not performed is point G in FIG. 51, and it can be seen that the discharge temperature is lowered from point G to point I by the injection.
- the structure of the branching portion 29b is as described in the cooling only operation mode.
- FIG. 57 shows the steady opening degrees of the expansion device 14b that controls the injection flow rate and the expansion device 14a that controls the intermediate pressure when the intermediate pressure changes in the heating only operation mode.
- FIG. 58 shows the steady opening degrees of the expansion device 14b that controls the injection flow rate and the expansion device 14a that controls the intermediate pressure when the evaporation temperature changes in the heating only operation mode.
- the compression chamber of the compressor 10 has a smaller internal volume while being rotated 0 to 360 degrees by a motor (not shown).
- the internal low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant sucked into the compression chamber is compressed and the pressure and temperature rise as the internal volume of the compression chamber decreases.
- an opening formed in a part of the compression chamber
- Ten external injection pipes 4c communicate with each other.
- the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 10 is condensed in the heat source side heat exchanger 12 to become a high-pressure two-phase refrigerant (point J in FIG. 53), and reaches the branching portion 29a via the check valve 13a.
- the switchgear 24 is opened, and the high-pressure two-phase refrigerant is branched at the branching portion 29a.
- One refrigerant branched by the branching portion 29a flows into the injection pipe 4c through the opening / closing device 24 and the branch pipe 4d, flows into the expansion device 14b, is decompressed, and becomes a low-temperature / medium-pressure two-phase refrigerant (see FIG. 53).
- Point K) is introduced into the compression chamber from an opening provided in the compression chamber of the compressor 10.
- the medium-pressure gas refrigerant (point F in FIG. 53) and the low-temperature medium-pressure two-phase refrigerant (point K in FIG. 53) are mixed, and the temperature of the refrigerant decreases (point H in FIG. 53).
- coolant discharged from the compressor 10 falls (point I of FIG. 53).
- the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 when this injection is not performed is point G in FIG. 53, and it can be seen that the discharge temperature is lowered from point G to point I by the injection.
- the structure of the branching portion 29b is as described in the cooling only operation mode.
- FIG. 59 shows the steady opening of the expansion device 14b that controls the injection flow rate when the indoor heating load (dryness) changes in the cooling main operation mode.
- FIG. 54 The compression chamber of the compressor 10 has a smaller internal volume while being rotated 0 to 360 degrees by a motor (not shown).
- the internal low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant sucked into the compression chamber is compressed and the pressure and temperature rise as the internal volume of the compression chamber decreases.
- an opening formed in a part of the compression chamber
- Ten external injection pipes 4c communicate with each other.
- the refrigerant returning to the outdoor unit 1 from the heat medium relay unit 3 via the refrigerant pipe 4 is controlled to an intermediate pressure state by the action of the expansion device 14a on the upstream side of the expansion device 14a (FIG. 55). Point J). And the two-phase refrigerant
- action of the expansion apparatus 14a is branched by the branch part 29b, and a part of refrigerant
- This refrigerant flows into the injection pipe 4c via the backflow prevention device 20, flows into the expansion device 14b via the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28, is decompressed, and is a two-phase low temperature / intermediate pressure with a slight pressure drop. It becomes a refrigerant (point K in FIG. 55), and is introduced into the compression chamber from the opening provided in the compression chamber of the compressor 10.
- the medium-pressure gas refrigerant (point F in FIG. 55) and the low-temperature medium-pressure two-phase refrigerant (point K in FIG. 55) are mixed, and the temperature of the refrigerant decreases (point H in FIG. 55).
- the discharge temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 decreases (point I in FIG. 55).
- the discharge temperature of the compressor 10 when this injection is not performed is point G in FIG. 55, and it can be seen that the discharge temperature is lowered from point G to point I by the injection.
- the structure of the branching portion 29b is as described in the cooling only operation mode.
- FIG. 60 shows the steady opening of the expansion device 14b that controls the injection flow rate and the expansion device 14a that controls the intermediate pressure when the intermediate pressure changes in the heating main operation mode.
- FIG. 61 shows the steady opening degrees of the expansion device 14b that controls the injection flow rate and the expansion device 14a that controls the intermediate pressure when the evaporation temperature changes in the heating main operation mode.
- the intermediate pressure and the injection flow rate can be separately controlled by the two expansion apparatuses 14a and 14b. Therefore, according to the air conditioner 300, the intermediate pressure and the injection flow rate can be controlled arbitrarily, so that injection under various conditions can be performed stably.
- FIGS. 62 to 64 show the initial opening when the operation mode is changed in the third embodiment. The details of the calculation conditions and the calculation process are the same as those in the first embodiment, and will be omitted.
- the steady opening of the expansion device 14a in each operation mode and each intermediate pressure target value is almost the same as the opening described in FIGS. Moreover, the refrigeration cycle in the case of performing the injection by the intermediate pressure control can be quickly stabilized by setting the steady opening of the expansion device 14a as the initial value of the injection control.
- the method of opening the opening of the expansion device 14b during heating operation and controlling the intermediate pressure and the injection flow rate simultaneously only with the expansion device 14a does not use the expansion device 14b during heating. Further, since the high-pressure refrigerant is injected during the cooling operation, the expansion device 14b needs only a small maximum opening. Accordingly, an inexpensive device having a small capacity can be used as the diaphragm device 14b.
- FIG. 65 is an explanatory diagram of a table showing the steady opening degree of the expansion device 14a in each operation mode and each differential pressure target value.
- the steady-state opening is obtained by calculating a saturation pressure difference in the temperature difference between the evaporation temperature and the saturation temperature of the intermediate pressure as a differential pressure. (FIG. 57) and the trial calculation result (FIG. 60) of the intermediate pressure target value in the heating main operation mode.
- the refrigeration cycle in the case of performing injection by differential pressure control can be quickly stabilized by setting the above-described steady opening as the initial value of the injection control.
- the method of opening the opening of the expansion device 14b during heating operation and controlling the differential pressure and the injection flow rate simultaneously only with the expansion device 14a does not use the expansion device 14b during heating. Further, since the high-pressure refrigerant is injected during the cooling operation, the expansion device 14b needs only a small maximum opening. Therefore, a diaphragm device having a small capacity and a low cost can be used as the diaphragm device 14b.
- the air conditioner 300 As described above, according to the air conditioner 300 according to the third embodiment, even if the two-phase refrigerant flows into the expansion device 14a and the expansion device 14b, the gas and liquid are uniformly mixed by the action of the stirring device 46. Therefore, stable injection control can be realized regardless of the operation mode, and the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 10 can be prevented from becoming too high. Further, according to the air conditioner 200, since the gas-liquid separator and the refrigerant-refrigerant heat exchanger 28 are not used, the manufacturing cost is further reduced.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
- Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
- Compression-Type Refrigeration Machines With Reversible Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
実施の形態1.
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置の設置例を示す概略図である。図1に基づいて、空気調和装置の設置例について説明する。この空気調和装置は、冷媒(熱源側冷媒、熱媒体)を循環させる冷凍サイクル(冷媒循環回路A、熱媒体循環回路B)を利用することで各室内機が運転モードとして冷房モードあるいは暖房モードを自由に選択できるものである。なお、図1を含め、以下の図面では各構成部材の大きさの関係が実際のものとは異なる場合がある。
室外機1には、圧縮機10と、四方弁等の第1冷媒流路切替装置11と、熱源側熱交換器12と、アキュムレーター19とが冷媒配管4で直列に接続されて搭載されている。また、室外機1には、第1接続配管4a、第2接続配管4b、逆止弁13a、逆止弁13b、逆止弁13c、及び、逆止弁13dが設けられている。第1接続配管4a、第2接続配管4b、逆止弁13a、逆止弁13b、逆止弁13c、及び、逆止弁13dを設けることで、室内機2の要求する運転に関わらず、熱媒体変換機3に流入させる熱源側冷媒の流れを一定方向にすることができる。なお、室外機1に搭載される各機器については以下の運転モードと併せて説明するものとする。
室内機2には、それぞれ利用側熱交換器26が搭載されている。この利用側熱交換器26は、配管5によって熱媒体変換機3の熱媒体流量調整装置25と第2熱媒体流路切替装置23に接続するようになっている。この利用側熱交換器26は、図示省略の送風機から供給される空気と熱媒体との間で熱交換を行い、室内空間7に供給するための暖房用空気あるいは冷房用空気を生成するものである。
熱媒体変換機3には、2つの熱媒体間熱交換器15と、2つの絞り装置16と、2つの開閉装置17と、2つの第2冷媒流路切替装置18と、2つのポンプ21と、4つの第1熱媒体流路切替装置22と、4つの第2熱媒体流路切替装置23と、4つの熱媒体流量調整装置25と、が搭載されている。なお、熱媒体変換機3に搭載される各機器については以下の運転モードと併せて説明するものとする。
空気調和装置100が実行する各運転モードについて説明する。この空気調和装置100は、各室内機2からの指示に基づいて、その室内機2で冷房運転あるいは暖房運転が可能になっている。つまり、空気調和装置100は、室内機2の全部で同一運転をすることができるとともに、室内機2のそれぞれで異なる運転をすることができるようになっている。
図4は、空気調和装置100の全冷房運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。この図4では、利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bでのみ冷熱負荷が発生している場合を例に全冷房運転モードについて説明する。なお、図4では、太線で表された配管が冷媒(熱源側冷媒及び熱媒体)の流れる配管を示している。また、図4では、熱源側冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
低温低圧の冷媒が圧縮機10によって圧縮され、高温高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機10から吐出された高温高圧のガス冷媒は、第1冷媒流路切替装置11を介して熱源側熱交換器12に流入する。そして、熱源側熱交換器12で室外空気に放熱しながら凝縮液化し、高圧液冷媒となる。熱源側熱交換器12から流出した高圧液冷媒は、逆止弁13aを通って、気液分離器27aを介して、一部が室外機1から流出し、冷媒配管4を通って熱媒体変換機3に流入する。熱媒体変換機3に流入した高圧液冷媒は、開閉装置17aを経由した後に分岐されて絞り装置16a及び絞り装置16bで膨張させられて、低温低圧の二相冷媒となる。
全冷房運転モードでは、熱媒体間熱交換器15a及び熱媒体間熱交換器15bの双方で熱源側冷媒の冷熱が熱媒体に伝えられ、冷やされた熱媒体がポンプ21a及びポンプ21bによって配管5内を流動させられることになる。ポンプ21a及びポンプ21bで加圧されて流出した熱媒体は、第2熱媒体流路切替装置23a及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置23bを介して、利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bに流入する。そして、熱媒体が利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bで室内空気から吸熱することで、室内空間7の冷房を行う。
図6は、空気調和装置100の全暖房運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。この図6では、利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bでのみ温熱負荷が発生している場合を例に全暖房運転モードについて説明する。なお、図6では、太線で表された配管が冷媒(熱源側冷媒及び熱媒体)の流れる配管を示している。また、図6では、熱源側冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
低温低圧の冷媒が圧縮機10によって圧縮され、高温高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機10から吐出された高温高圧のガス冷媒は、第1冷媒流路切替装置11を通り、第1接続配管4aを導通し、逆止弁13b、気液分離器27aを通過し、室外機1から流出する。室外機1から流出した高温高圧のガス冷媒は、冷媒配管4を通って熱媒体変換機3に流入する。熱媒体変換機3に流入した高温高圧のガス冷媒は、分岐されて第2冷媒流路切替装置18a及び第2冷媒流路切替装置18bを通って、熱媒体間熱交換器15a及び熱媒体間熱交換器15bのそれぞれに流入する。
全暖房運転モードでは、熱媒体間熱交換器15a及び熱媒体間熱交換器15bの双方で熱源側冷媒の温熱が熱媒体に伝えられ、暖められた熱媒体がポンプ21a及びポンプ21bによって配管5内を流動させられることになる。ポンプ21a及びポンプ21bで加圧されて流出した熱媒体は、第2熱媒体流路切替装置23a及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置23bを介して、利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bに流入する。そして、熱媒体が利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bで室内空気に放熱することで、室内空間7の暖房を行う。
図8は、空気調和装置100の冷房主体運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。この図8では、利用側熱交換器26aで冷熱負荷が発生し、利用側熱交換器26bで温熱負荷が発生している場合を例に冷房主体運転モードについて説明する。なお、図8では、太線で表された配管が冷媒(熱源側冷媒及び熱媒体)の循環する配管を示している。また、図8では、熱源側冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
低温低圧の冷媒が圧縮機10によって圧縮され、高温高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機10から吐出された高温高圧のガス冷媒は、第1冷媒流路切替装置11を介して熱源側熱交換器12に流入する。そして、熱源側熱交換器12で室外空気に放熱しながら凝縮し、二相冷媒となる。熱源側熱交換器12から流出した二相冷媒は、逆止弁13aを通って、気液分離器27aを介して、一部が室外機1から流出し、冷媒配管4を通って熱媒体変換機3に流入する。熱媒体変換機3に流入した二相冷媒は、第2冷媒流路切替装置18bを通って凝縮器として作用する熱媒体間熱交換器15bに流入する。
冷房主体運転モードでは、熱媒体間熱交換器15bで熱源側冷媒の温熱が熱媒体に伝えられ、暖められた熱媒体がポンプ21bによって配管5内を流動させられることになる。また、冷房主体運転モードでは、熱媒体間熱交換器15aで熱源側冷媒の冷熱が熱媒体に伝えられ、冷やされた熱媒体がポンプ21aによって配管5内を流動させられることになる。ポンプ21a及びポンプ21bで加圧されて流出した熱媒体は、第2熱媒体流路切替装置23a及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置23bを介して、利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bに流入する。
図10は、空気調和装置100の暖房主体運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。この図10では、利用側熱交換器26aで温熱負荷が発生し、利用側熱交換器26bで冷熱負荷が発生している場合を例に暖房主体運転モードについて説明する。なお、図10では、太線で表された配管が冷媒(熱源側冷媒及び熱媒体)の循環する配管を示している。また、図10では、熱源側冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
低温低圧の冷媒が圧縮機10によって圧縮され、高温高圧のガス冷媒となって吐出される。圧縮機10から吐出された高温高圧のガス冷媒は、第1冷媒流路切替装置11を通り、第1接続配管4aを導通し、逆止弁13bを通過し、気液分離器27aを介して、室外機1から流出する。室外機1から流出した高温高圧のガス冷媒は、冷媒配管4を通って熱媒体変換機3に流入する。熱媒体変換機3に流入した高温高圧のガス冷媒は、第2冷媒流路切替装置18bを通って凝縮器として作用する熱媒体間熱交換器15bに流入する。
暖房主体運転モードでは、熱媒体間熱交換器15bで熱源側冷媒の温熱が熱媒体に伝えられ、暖められた熱媒体がポンプ21bによって配管5内を流動させられることになる。また、暖房主体運転モードでは、熱媒体間熱交換器15aで熱源側冷媒の冷熱が熱媒体に伝えられ、冷やされた熱媒体がポンプ21aによって配管5内を流動させられることになる。ポンプ21a及びポンプ21bで加圧されて流出した熱媒体は、第2熱媒体流路切替装置23a及び第2熱媒体流路切替装置23bを介して、利用側熱交換器26a及び利用側熱交換器26bに流入する。
図12は、空気調和装置100の除霜運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。図12に基づいて、本実施の形態1における空気調和装置100が実行する除霜運転について説明する。なお、図12では、太線で表された配管が冷媒(熱源側冷媒及び熱媒体)の流れる配管を示している。また、図12では、熱源側冷媒の流れ方向を実線矢印で、熱媒体の流れ方向を破線矢印で示している。
実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置100のインジェクション時の具体的な制御方法について説明する。図14は、空気調和装置100が実行するインジェクション時における処理の流れを示すフローチャートである。図14に基づいて、空気調和装置100が実行する圧縮機10の吐出温度を低下させるためのインジェクション時の制御処理の流れについて説明する。なお、ここで示す空気調和装置100の制御処理は、上述した制御装置50が行っている。
まず、インジェクション流量について図5を用いて説明する。圧縮機10の吐出温度をインジェクションによって20℃低下させた時、Grinj (kg/h)をインジェクション流量、Gr(kg/h)を圧縮機吸入部での冷媒質量流量、hinj (kJ/kg)をインジェクション時の冷媒のエンタルピ(図5の点K)、hd (kJ/kg)をインジェクションを行わない場合の圧縮機10の吐出エンタルピ(図5の点G)、hd ’(kJ/kg)をインジェクションを行い吐出温度を20℃低下させた場合の吐出エンタルピ(図5の点I)とすると、式(1)に示すエネルギ保存式が成立する。
次に、絞り装置14bの開度の求め方について説明する。絞り装置14bの開度を示す指標として、絞り装置14bの容量を表すものとして一般的なCv値(記号:Cv)を用いることにする。式(2)で計算したインジェクション流量Grinj を流すために必要な絞り装置14bのCv値は、絞り装置14bに流入する冷媒が液の場合は式(8)、気体の場合は式(9)を用いて計算する。なお、式(8)及び式(9)の出典元は、出版「平成10年6月30日第四版」、著者「バルブ講座編纂委員会」、発行人「小林作太郎」、発行所「日本工業出版株式会社」、タイトル「初歩と実用のバルブ講座 改訂版」である。
次に、以上行ってきた計算結果(図15~図20)をもとに、運転モード変化時における中間圧力制御、絞り装置14aと絞り装置14bの開度制御について説明する。
停止状態から起動するときは、起動して所定時間の間、たとえば3分間は開閉装置24を閉とし、絞り装置14bの開度を全閉とする。このように制御を行うのは、起動してしばらくの間は圧縮機10の吐出温度が高温にならないため、インジェクションが必要ないからである。また、所定時間を超えた場合に絞り装置14bを開としてもよい。さらに、圧縮機10の吐出温度や圧縮機10の吐出圧力がある所定値を超えた場合に絞り装置14bを開としてもよい。
全暖房運転モードから暖房主体運転モードに運転モードが変化する場合、中間圧力の目標値を低くし、さらに、絞り装置14bの開度を大きくするように制御を行う。すなわち、絞り装置14bは、中間圧力の目標値の減少幅に合わせて開度を大きくするように制御される。
暖房主体運転モードから全暖房運転モードに運転状態が変化する場合は、中間圧力の目標値を高くするが、絞り装置14bはそのままの開度を維持し、所定時間経過後は吐出温度に応じて開度を制御する。
暖房主体運転モードから冷房主体運転モードに運転モードが変化する場合、絞り装置14bの開度を所定開度にした後に、第1冷媒流路切替装置11を切り替えるという順序で制御する。それは、第1冷媒流路切替装置11の切り替えを先に行うと、中間圧力からのインジェクションが高圧からのインジェクションに変わり、圧縮機10へのインジェクション量が多くなり過ぎ、吐出温度が低下し過ぎる、または圧縮機10への液冷媒の流入が過大となる可能性があるためである。
冷房主体運転モードから暖房主体運転モードに運転モードが変化する場合、第1冷媒流路切替装置11を切り替えた後に、絞り装置14bの開度を所定開度にするという順序で制御する。それは、絞り装置14bの開度変更を先に行うと、圧縮機10へのインジェクション流量が多くなり過ぎてしまい、吐出温度が低下し過ぎる、または圧縮機10への液冷媒の流入が過大となる可能性があるためである。なお、冷房主体運転モードから暖房主体運転モードへ運転モードが変化する場合は、暖房主体運転モードから冷房主体運転モードへ運転モードが変化する場合のパルス変化量の増減を逆として制御すればよい。
冷房主体運転モードから全冷房運転モードに運転モードが変化する場合、絞り装置14bの開度を所定開度分小さくするように制御する。
全冷房運転モードから冷房主体運転モードに運転モードが変化する場合、絞り装置14bの開度を所定開度分大きくするように制御する。なお、全冷房運転モードから冷房主体運転モードへ運転モードが変化する場合は、冷房主体運転モードから全冷房運転モードへ運転モードが変化する場合のパルス変化量の増減を逆として制御すればよい。
全暖房運転モードと暖房主体運転モードのインジェクション制御方法には、絞り装置14bの開度は常に全開とし、絞り装置14aだけで中間圧力と圧縮機10の吐出温度の両方を制御するような方法も可能である。
全暖房運転モードと暖房主体運転モードのインジェクション制御方法には、絞り装置14bの開度は常に全開とし、絞り装置14aだけで中圧検出装置32の検出値と圧縮機10の吸入付近に設置した吸入圧力検出装置33の検出値との差(差圧)を制御し、圧縮機10の吐出温度の低下させるような方法も可能である。
図27は、実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置200の回路構成の一例を示す概略図である。本実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置200は、実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置100の気液分離器27a及び気液分離器27bを、分岐部29a及び分岐部29bに置き換えた構成となっている。なお、それ以外の構成については、実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置100と同様であるため説明を省略する。また、熱媒体の流れについては、実施の形態1と同様であるため説明を省略する。
図28は、空気調和装置200の全冷房運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。図29は、全冷房運転モード時における熱源側冷媒の状態遷移を示すp―h線図である。図30は、空気調和装置200の全暖房運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。図31は、全冷房運転モード時における熱源側冷媒の状態遷移を示すp―h線図である。図32は、空気調和装置200の冷房主体運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。図33は、冷房主体運転モード時における熱源側冷媒の状態遷移を示すp―h線図である。図34は、空気調和装置200の暖房主体運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。図35は、暖房主体運転モード時における熱源側冷媒の状態遷移を示すp―h線図である。
実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置200のインジェクション時の具体的な制御方法について説明する。なお、圧縮機10の吐出温度を低下させるためのインジェクション制御は、実施の形態1で説明した図15に示す通りである。また、インジェクション流量の制御と、絞り装置14a及び絞り装置14bの開度の求め方についても、実施の形態1と同じである。ただし、空気調和装置200においては、冷媒回路構成が空気調和装置100と異なるため、インジェクション流量と絞り装置14a及び装置14bの定常開度とも異なる。したがって、各運転モードにおけるインジェクション制御方法に関して、実施の形態1と異なる部分について説明する。
冷媒のインジェクションの動作を、図28及び図29を用いて説明する。
圧縮機10の圧縮室は、モーター(図示せず)により0~360度回転させられる間に、内容積が小さくなっていく。圧縮室に吸入された内部の低温低圧のガス冷媒は、圧縮室の内容積が小さくなるに伴い圧縮されて圧力及び温度が上昇する。モーターの回転角度が一定角度になった時に、開口部(圧縮室の一部に形成されている)が開口し(この時の状態は、図29の点F)、圧縮室の内部と圧縮機10の外部のインジェクション配管4cとが連通するようになっている。
冷媒のインジェクションの動作を、図30及び図31を用いて説明する。
圧縮機10の圧縮室は、モーターにより0~360度回転させられる間に、内容積が小さくなっていく。圧縮室に吸入された内部の低温低圧のガス冷媒は、圧縮室の内容積が小さくなるに伴い圧縮されて圧力及び温度が上昇する。モーターの回転角度が一定角度になった時に、開口部が開口し(この時の状態は、図31の点F)、圧縮室の内部と圧縮機10の外部のインジェクション配管4cとが連通するようになっている。
冷媒のインジェクションの動作を、図32及び図33を用いて説明する。
圧縮機10の圧縮室は、モーター(図示せず)により0~360度回転させられる間に、内容積が小さくなっていく。圧縮室に吸入された内部の低温低圧のガス冷媒は、圧縮室の内容積が小さくなるに伴い圧縮されて圧力及び温度が上昇する。モーターの回転角度が一定角度になった時に、開口部(圧縮室の一部に形成されている)が開口し(この時の状態は、図33の点F)、圧縮室の内部と圧縮機10の外部のインジェクション配管4cとが連通するようになっている。
冷媒のインジェクションの動作を、図34及び図35を用いて説明する。
圧縮機10の圧縮室は、モーター(図示せず)により0~360度回転させられる間に、内容積が小さくなっていく。圧縮室に吸入された内部の低温低圧のガス冷媒は、圧縮室の内容積が小さくなるに伴い圧縮されて圧力及び温度が上昇する。モーターの回転角度が一定角度になった時に、開口部(圧縮室の一部に形成されている)が開口し(この時の状態は、図35の点F)、圧縮室の内部と圧縮機10の外部のインジェクション配管4cとが連通するようになっている。
運転モード変化時における中間圧力と、絞り装置14a及び絞り装置14bの開度は、実施の形態1と同様の方法で制御を行うため説明を省略する。また、実施の形態2における空気調和装置200の運転モード変化時の絞り装置14a、絞り装置14bの初期開度を図42~図44に示す。計算条件および計算過程の詳細は、実施の形態1と同様のため省略する。
空気調和装置200においても、全暖房運転モードと暖房主体運転モードのインジェクション制御方法には、絞り装置14bの開度は常に全開とし、絞り装置14aだけで中間圧力と圧縮機10の吐出温度の両方を制御するような方法も可能である。なお、絞り装置14aだけで中間圧力と圧縮機10の吐出温度の両方を制御する際の制御処理の流れは、実施の形態1で説明した図24と同様であるため説明を省略する。また、中間圧力を必要としない全冷房運転モードと冷房主体運転モードのインジェクション制御方法に変更はない。
実施の形態2においても、全暖房運転モードと暖房主体運転モードのインジェクション制御方法には、絞り装置14bの開度は常に全開とし、絞り装置14aだけで中圧検出装置32の検出値と圧縮機10の吸入付近に設置した吸入圧力検出装置33の検出値との差(差圧)を制御し、圧縮機10の吐出温度の低下させるような方法も可能である。なお、この制御処理の流れについては、実施の形態1で説明した図25と同様であるので、説明を省略する。また、中間圧力を必要としない全冷房運転モードと冷房主体運転モードのインジェクション制御方法に変更はない。
図46は、実施の形態3に係る空気調和装置300の回路構成の一例を示す概略図である。図47は、絞り装置14(絞り装置14a、絞り装置14b)の構成例を示す概略図である。本実施の形態3に係る空気調和装置300は、実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置200の冷媒-冷媒間熱交換器28を取り除き、絞り装置14aと絞り装置14bに図47に示す攪拌装置46付きの絞り装置を使用する構成となっている。なお、それ以外の構成については、実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置100、実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置200と同様であるため説明を省略する。また、熱媒体の流れについては、実施の形態1と同様であるため説明を省略する。
図48は、空気調和装置300の全冷房運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。図49は、全冷房運転モード時における熱源側冷媒の状態遷移を示すp―h線図である。図50は、空気調和装置300の全暖房運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。図51は、全冷房運転モード時における熱源側冷媒の状態遷移を示すp―h線図である。図52は、空気調和装置300の冷房主体運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。図53は、冷房主体運転モード時における熱源側冷媒の状態遷移を示すp―h線図である。図54は、空気調和装置300の暖房主体運転モード時における冷媒の流れを示す冷媒回路図である。図55は、暖房主体運転モード時における熱源側冷媒の状態遷移を示すp―h線図である。
絞り装置14a及び絞り装置14bに電子式膨張弁を使用した場合、二相状態の冷媒が流入するとガス冷媒と液冷媒とが分離して流れていると、絞り部にガスが流れる状態と液が流れる状態とが別々に発生して、出口側の圧力が安定しない場合がある。特に、乾き度が小さい場合に、冷媒の分離が発生し、その傾向が強い。
冷媒のインジェクションの動作を、図48及び図49を用いて説明する。
圧縮機10の圧縮室は、モーター(図示せず)により0~360度回転させられる間に、内容積が小さくなっていく。圧縮室に吸入された内部の低温低圧のガス冷媒は、圧縮室の内容積が小さくなるに伴い圧縮されて圧力及び温度が上昇する。モーターの回転角度が一定角度になった時に、開口部(圧縮室の一部に形成されている)が開口し(この時の状態は、図49の点F)、圧縮室の内部と圧縮機10の外部のインジェクション配管4cとが連通するようになっている。
冷媒のインジェクションの動作を、図50及び図51を用いて説明する。
圧縮機10の圧縮室は、モーターにより0~360度回転させられる間に、内容積が小さくなっていく。圧縮室に吸入された内部の低温低圧のガス冷媒は、圧縮室の内容積が小さくなるに伴い圧縮されて圧力及び温度が上昇する。モーターの回転角度が一定角度になった時に、開口部が開口し(この時の状態は、図51の点F)、圧縮室の内部と圧縮機10の外部のインジェクション配管4cとが連通するようになっている。
冷媒のインジェクションの動作を、図52及び図53を用いて説明する。
圧縮機10の圧縮室は、モーター(図示せず)により0~360度回転させられる間に、内容積が小さくなっていく。圧縮室に吸入された内部の低温低圧のガス冷媒は、圧縮室の内容積が小さくなるに伴い圧縮されて圧力及び温度が上昇する。モーターの回転角度が一定角度になった時に、開口部(圧縮室の一部に形成されている)が開口し(この時の状態は、図53の点F)、圧縮室の内部と圧縮機10の外部のインジェクション配管4cとが連通するようになっている。
冷媒のインジェクションの動作を、図54及び図55を用いて説明する。
圧縮機10の圧縮室は、モーター(図示せず)により0~360度回転させられる間に、内容積が小さくなっていく。圧縮室に吸入された内部の低温低圧のガス冷媒は、圧縮室の内容積が小さくなるに伴い圧縮されて圧力及び温度が上昇する。モーターの回転角度が一定角度になった時に、開口部(圧縮室の一部に形成されている)が開口し(この時の状態は、図55の点F)、圧縮室の内部と圧縮機10の外部のインジェクション配管4cとが連通するようになっている。
運転モード変化時における中間圧力と、絞り装置14a及び絞り装置14bの開度は、実施の形態1と同様の方法で制御を行うため説明を省略する。また、実施の形態3における運転モード変化時の初期開度を図62~図64に示す。計算条件および計算過程の詳細は、実施の形態1と同様のため省略する。
空気調和装置300においても、全暖房運転モードと暖房主体運転モードのインジェクション制御方法には、絞り装置14bの開度は常に全開とし、絞り装置14aだけで中間圧力と圧縮機10の吐出温度の両方を制御するような方法も可能である。なお、絞り装置14aだけで中間圧力と圧縮機10の吐出温度の両方を制御する際の制御処理の流れは、実施の形態1で説明した図24と同様であるため説明を省略する。また、中間圧力を必要としない全冷房運転モードと冷房主体運転モードのインジェクション制御方法に変更はない。
実施の形態3においても、全暖房運転モードと暖房主体運転モードのインジェクション制御方法には、絞り装置14bの開度は常に全開とし、絞り装置14aだけで中圧検出装置32の検出値と圧縮機10の吸入付近に設置した吸入圧力検出装置33の検出値との差(差圧)を制御し、圧縮機10の吐出温度の低下させるような方法も可能である。なお、この制御処理の流れについては、実施の形態1で説明した図24と同様であるので、説明を省略する。また、中間圧力を必要としない全冷房運転モードと冷房主体運転モードのインジェクション制御方法に変更はない。
Claims (14)
- 低圧シェル構造の圧縮機と、冷媒流路切替装置と、第1熱交換器と、第1絞り装置と、第2熱交換器と、を配管接続して冷媒循環回路を構成し、
前記冷媒流路切替装置の作用により、
前記第1熱交換器に高圧の冷媒を流して凝縮器として動作させかつ前記第2熱交換器の一部または全部に低圧の冷媒を流して蒸発器として動作させる冷房運転と、
前記第1熱交換器に低圧の冷媒を流して蒸発器として動作させかつ前記第2熱交換器の一部または全部に高圧の冷媒を流して凝縮器として動作させる暖房運転と、が切り替え可能な空気調和装置であって、
前記圧縮機における圧縮途中過程の圧縮室の一部に開口部を設け、前記圧縮機の外部から前記開口部を介して前記圧縮室の内部に前記冷媒を導入するインジェクション配管と、
前記暖房運転時に、前記第1絞り装置を通過して前記第2熱交換器側から前記第1熱交換器側に流れる冷媒を減圧する第2絞り装置と、
前記インジェクション配管に設けられた第3絞り装置と、
前記第2絞り装置及び前記第3絞り装置のうちの少なくとも1つの開度を制御して前記インジェクション配管に流れる前記冷媒の量を調整する制御装置と、を備えた
空気調和装置。 - 前記制御装置は、
暖房運転を実行している状態において、
前記第2絞り装置の上流側における冷媒の圧力が予め設定されている所定範囲になるように前記第2絞り装置の開度を制御する
請求項1に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記制御装置は、
暖房運転または冷房運転を実行している状態において、
前記圧縮機から吐出される冷媒の温度が予め設定されている所定値に近づくように前記第3絞り装置の開度を制御する
請求項1または2に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記制御装置は、
暖房運転を実行している状態において、
前記第3絞り装置の開度をほぼ全開状態に制御し、前記第2絞り装置の上流側における冷媒の圧力が予め設定されている所定範囲になるように前記第2絞り装置の開度を制御する
請求項1に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記制御装置は、
暖房運転を実行している状態において、
前記圧縮機に吸入される冷媒の圧力と、前記第2絞り装置の上流側における冷媒の圧力との差が予め設定されている目標値に近づくように前記第2絞り装置の開度を制御する
請求項1に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記制御装置は、
起動時において前記第3絞り装置の開度を全閉または冷媒が流れない小さい開度に制御する
請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記圧縮機、前記冷媒流路切替装置、及び、前記第1熱交換器を室外機に収容し、
前記第1絞り装置、及び、前記第2熱交換器を熱媒体変換機に収容し、
前記室外機と前記熱媒体変換機とを、2本の冷媒配管で接続し、
前記2本の冷媒配管の一方に高圧の液冷媒を流し、他方に低圧のガス冷媒を流す全冷房運転モードと、
前記2本の冷媒配管の一方に高圧のガス冷媒を流し、他方に中圧の二相冷媒を流す全暖房運転モードと、を備え、
前記制御装置は、
前記全冷房運転モードにおける冷媒の高圧及び低圧と前記全暖房運転モードにおける冷媒の高圧及び低圧とが同一である運転状態において、
前記全暖房運転モードにおける前記第3絞り装置の開度を、前記全冷房運転モードにおける前記第3絞り装置の開度よりも大きくなるように制御する
請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記圧縮機、前記冷媒流路切替装置、及び、前記第1熱交換器を室外機に収容し、
前記第1絞り装置、及び、前記第2熱交換器を熱媒体変換機に収容し、
前記室外機と前記熱媒体変換機とを、2本の冷媒配管で接続し、
前記2本の冷媒配管の一方に高圧のガス冷媒を流し、他方に中圧の二相冷媒を流し、凝縮器として動作させる前記第2熱交換器と、蒸発器として動作させる前記第2熱交換器とが混在する暖房主体運転モードを備え、
前記制御装置は、
前記全暖房運転モードから前記暖房主体運転モードへの運転モード変化時に、前記暖房主体運転モード時における前記第2絞り装置の上流側の圧力目標値を前記全暖房運転モード時における前記第2絞り装置の上流側の圧力目標値よりも低い値に設定する
請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記暖房主体運転モードにおいて、前記第2絞り装置の上流側の圧力目標値を0℃から10℃の飽和圧力とした
請求項8に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記圧縮機、前記冷媒流路切替装置、及び、前記第1熱交換器を室外機に収容し、
前記第1絞り装置、及び、前記第2熱交換器を熱媒体変換機に収容し、
前記室外機と前記熱媒体変換機とを、2本の冷媒配管で接続し、
前記2本の冷媒配管の一方に高圧のガス冷媒を流し、他方に中圧の二相冷媒を流し、凝縮器として動作させる前記第2熱交換器と、蒸発器として動作させる前記第2熱交換器とが混在する暖房主体運転モードと、
前記2本の冷媒配管の一方に高圧の二相冷媒を流し、他方に低圧のガス冷媒を流し、凝縮器として動作させる前記第2熱交換器と、蒸発器として動作させる前記第2熱交換器とが混在する冷房主体運転モードと、を備え、
前記制御装置は、
前記暖房主体運転モードから前記冷房主体運転モードへの運転モード変化時に、前記第3絞り装置の開度を予め設定されている所定値分小さくした後に前記第1冷媒流路切替装置を切り替える
請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記圧縮機、前記冷媒流路切替装置、及び、前記第1熱交換器を室外機に収容し、
前記第1絞り装置、及び、前記第2熱交換器を熱媒体変換機に収容し、
前記室外機と前記熱媒体変換機とを、2本の冷媒配管で接続し、
前記2本の冷媒配管の一方に高圧のガス冷媒を流し、他方に中圧の二相冷媒を流し、凝縮器として動作させる前記第2熱交換器と、蒸発器として動作させる前記第2熱交換器とが混在する暖房主体運転モードと、
前記2本の冷媒配管の一方に高圧の二相冷媒を流し、他方に低圧のガス冷媒を流し、凝縮器として動作させる前記第2熱交換器と、蒸発器として動作させる前記第2熱交換器とが混在する冷房主体運転モードと、を備え、
前記制御装置は、
前記冷房主体運転モードから前記暖房主体運転モードへの運転モード変化時に、前記第1冷媒流路切替装置を切り替えた後に前記第3絞り装置の開度を予め設定されている所定値分大きくする
請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記圧縮機、前記冷媒流路切替装置、及び、前記第1熱交換器を室外機に収容し、
前記第1絞り装置、及び、前記第2熱交換器を熱媒体変換機に収容し、
前記室外機と前記熱媒体変換機とを、2本の冷媒配管で接続し、
前記2本の冷媒配管の一方に高圧の二相冷媒を流し、他方に低圧のガス冷媒を流し、凝縮器として動作させる前記第2熱交換器と、蒸発器として動作させる前記第2熱交換器とが混在する冷房主体運転モードを備え、
前記制御装置は、
前記冷房主体運転モードから前記全冷房運転モードへの運転モード変化時に、前記第3絞り装置の開度を予め設定してある所定値分小さくする
請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記圧縮機、前記冷媒流路切替装置、及び、前記第1熱交換器を室外機に収容し、
前記第1絞り装置、及び、前記第2熱交換器を熱媒体変換機に収容し、
前記室外機と前記熱媒体変換機とを、2本の冷媒配管で接続し、
前記2本の冷媒配管の一方に高圧の二相冷媒を流し、他方に低圧のガス冷媒を流し、凝縮器として動作させる前記第2熱交換器と、蒸発器として動作させる前記第2熱交換器とが混在する冷房主体運転モードを備え、
前記制御装置は、
前記全冷房運転モードから前記冷房主体運転モードへの運転モード変化時に、前記第3絞り装置の開度を予め設定してある所定値分大きくする
請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。 - 空調対象空間を空調可能な位置に設置され、前記空調対象空間の空気と熱交換をする利用側熱交換器を収容する室内機を備え、
前記室内機と前記熱媒体変換機とを冷媒とは異なる熱媒体を循環させる2本1組の熱媒体配管で接続し、
前記第2熱交換器において前記冷媒と前記熱媒体とを熱交換させる
請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013516072A JP5818885B2 (ja) | 2011-05-23 | 2011-05-23 | 空気調和装置 |
| PCT/JP2011/002857 WO2012160597A1 (ja) | 2011-05-23 | 2011-05-23 | 空気調和装置 |
| EP11866067.9A EP2716998B1 (en) | 2011-05-23 | 2011-05-23 | Air conditioning device |
| US14/110,773 US9494348B2 (en) | 2011-05-23 | 2011-05-23 | Air-conditioning apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2011/002857 WO2012160597A1 (ja) | 2011-05-23 | 2011-05-23 | 空気調和装置 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2012160597A1 true WO2012160597A1 (ja) | 2012-11-29 |
Family
ID=47216705
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2011/002857 Ceased WO2012160597A1 (ja) | 2011-05-23 | 2011-05-23 | 空気調和装置 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9494348B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2716998B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5818885B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2012160597A1 (ja) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014103407A1 (ja) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-03 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
| JP2014211254A (ja) * | 2013-04-18 | 2014-11-13 | 日立アプライアンス株式会社 | 冷凍装置 |
| WO2016079880A1 (ja) * | 2014-11-21 | 2016-05-26 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷蔵庫および冷媒流量制御方法 |
| JP2016121812A (ja) * | 2014-12-24 | 2016-07-07 | ジョンソンコントロールズ ヒタチ エア コンディショニング テクノロジー(ホンコン)リミテッド | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
| US20160320100A1 (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2016-11-03 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Heat source side unit and air-conditioning apparatus |
| EP3062040A4 (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2017-07-12 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Refrigeration cycle device |
| WO2023170734A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-07 | 2023-09-14 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
| JP7485111B1 (ja) | 2023-02-02 | 2024-05-16 | 株式会社富士通ゼネラル | ヒートポンプ装置 |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012101677A1 (ja) * | 2011-01-27 | 2012-08-02 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
| WO2014097440A1 (ja) * | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-26 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
| KR102103360B1 (ko) * | 2013-04-15 | 2020-05-29 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 공기조화기 및 그 제어방법 |
| KR102242776B1 (ko) * | 2014-03-20 | 2021-04-20 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 공기조화기 및 그 제어방법 |
| CN106766326B (zh) * | 2016-11-24 | 2019-04-30 | 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 | 多联机系统及其的制冷中压节流元件的控制方法 |
| KR20180104520A (ko) | 2017-03-13 | 2018-09-21 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 공기 조화기 |
| KR20190000254A (ko) * | 2017-06-22 | 2019-01-02 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 공기 조화기 |
| KR102067448B1 (ko) * | 2018-01-26 | 2020-01-20 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 공기 조화기 및 공기 조화기의 제어 방법 |
| JP7059966B2 (ja) * | 2019-02-28 | 2022-04-26 | 株式会社デンソー | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
| JP6843278B1 (ja) * | 2020-01-06 | 2021-03-17 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 差圧センサ |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07260262A (ja) | 1994-03-17 | 1995-10-13 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 冷凍装置 |
| JPH08210709A (ja) | 1995-02-03 | 1996-08-20 | Hitachi Ltd | 寒冷地向けヒートポンプ空調機 |
| JPH10325622A (ja) * | 1997-03-26 | 1998-12-08 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
| JP2002107002A (ja) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-10 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 冷凍装置 |
| JP2009270776A (ja) * | 2008-05-08 | 2009-11-19 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 冷凍装置 |
| JP2010139205A (ja) | 2008-12-15 | 2010-06-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 空気調和装置 |
| JP2010156493A (ja) * | 2008-12-26 | 2010-07-15 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 冷暖同時運転型空気調和装置 |
| JP2011047567A (ja) * | 2009-08-26 | 2011-03-10 | Daikin Industries Ltd | 冷凍装置 |
| JP2011052883A (ja) * | 2009-09-01 | 2011-03-17 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 空気調和機 |
| WO2011052055A1 (ja) * | 2009-10-29 | 2011-05-05 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63290365A (ja) * | 1987-05-20 | 1988-11-28 | 株式会社東芝 | エンジン駆動式空気調和装置 |
| JP2503785B2 (ja) * | 1990-12-28 | 1996-06-05 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 空気調和装置の運転制御装置 |
| US5475985A (en) * | 1993-12-14 | 1995-12-19 | Carrier Corporation | Electronic control of liquid cooled compressor motors |
| JPH0979667A (ja) * | 1995-09-19 | 1997-03-28 | Denso Corp | ガスインジェクション式冷凍サイクル装置 |
| JP3317170B2 (ja) | 1996-12-24 | 2002-08-26 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 冷凍装置 |
| JP4277373B2 (ja) * | 1998-08-24 | 2009-06-10 | 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 | ヒートポンプサイクル |
| JP4287677B2 (ja) | 2003-03-11 | 2009-07-01 | 日立アプライアンス株式会社 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
| JP4771721B2 (ja) * | 2005-03-16 | 2011-09-14 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
| JP4675810B2 (ja) | 2006-03-28 | 2011-04-27 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
| JP5357418B2 (ja) | 2007-11-22 | 2013-12-04 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | ヒートポンプ式空気調和機 |
| JP4969608B2 (ja) * | 2009-05-25 | 2012-07-04 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和機 |
| JP5369953B2 (ja) * | 2009-07-14 | 2013-12-18 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 多室型空気調和装置の性能計算装置 |
| JP5188629B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-10 | 2013-04-24 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
-
2011
- 2011-05-23 JP JP2013516072A patent/JP5818885B2/ja active Active
- 2011-05-23 WO PCT/JP2011/002857 patent/WO2012160597A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2011-05-23 US US14/110,773 patent/US9494348B2/en active Active
- 2011-05-23 EP EP11866067.9A patent/EP2716998B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07260262A (ja) | 1994-03-17 | 1995-10-13 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 冷凍装置 |
| JPH08210709A (ja) | 1995-02-03 | 1996-08-20 | Hitachi Ltd | 寒冷地向けヒートポンプ空調機 |
| JPH10325622A (ja) * | 1997-03-26 | 1998-12-08 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
| JP2002107002A (ja) * | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-10 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 冷凍装置 |
| JP2009270776A (ja) * | 2008-05-08 | 2009-11-19 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 冷凍装置 |
| JP2010139205A (ja) | 2008-12-15 | 2010-06-24 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 空気調和装置 |
| JP2010156493A (ja) * | 2008-12-26 | 2010-07-15 | Daikin Ind Ltd | 冷暖同時運転型空気調和装置 |
| JP2011047567A (ja) * | 2009-08-26 | 2011-03-10 | Daikin Industries Ltd | 冷凍装置 |
| JP2011052883A (ja) * | 2009-09-01 | 2011-03-17 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 空気調和機 |
| WO2011052055A1 (ja) * | 2009-10-29 | 2011-05-05 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| "Handbook of gas-liquid two-phase flow technology", 10 July 1995, CORONA PUBLISHING CO., LTD. |
| SAKUTARO KOBAYASHI: "Shoho to Jitsuyo no Barubu Kouza", 30 June 1998, JAPAN INDUSTRIAL PUBLISHING CO., LTD. |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5855284B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-28 | 2016-02-09 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
| WO2014103407A1 (ja) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-03 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
| JP2014211254A (ja) * | 2013-04-18 | 2014-11-13 | 日立アプライアンス株式会社 | 冷凍装置 |
| EP3062040A4 (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2017-07-12 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Refrigeration cycle device |
| US10139142B2 (en) | 2013-10-25 | 2018-11-27 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Refrigeration cycle apparatus including a plurality of branch units |
| US20160320100A1 (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2016-11-03 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Heat source side unit and air-conditioning apparatus |
| CN107076469B (zh) * | 2014-11-21 | 2020-03-03 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 冰箱及制冷剂流量控制方法 |
| WO2016079880A1 (ja) * | 2014-11-21 | 2016-05-26 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷蔵庫および冷媒流量制御方法 |
| JPWO2016079880A1 (ja) * | 2014-11-21 | 2017-05-25 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 冷蔵庫および冷媒流量制御方法 |
| CN107076469A (zh) * | 2014-11-21 | 2017-08-18 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 冰箱及制冷剂流量控制方法 |
| JP2016121812A (ja) * | 2014-12-24 | 2016-07-07 | ジョンソンコントロールズ ヒタチ エア コンディショニング テクノロジー(ホンコン)リミテッド | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
| WO2023170734A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-07 | 2023-09-14 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
| JP7378671B1 (ja) * | 2022-03-07 | 2023-11-13 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気調和装置 |
| GB2630217A (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2024-11-20 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Air conditioning device |
| JP7485111B1 (ja) | 2023-02-02 | 2024-05-16 | 株式会社富士通ゼネラル | ヒートポンプ装置 |
| WO2024162444A1 (ja) * | 2023-02-02 | 2024-08-08 | 株式会社富士通ゼネラル | ヒートポンプ装置 |
| JP2024110060A (ja) * | 2023-02-02 | 2024-08-15 | 株式会社富士通ゼネラル | ヒートポンプ装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP5818885B2 (ja) | 2015-11-18 |
| EP2716998B1 (en) | 2021-01-06 |
| EP2716998A1 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
| JPWO2012160597A1 (ja) | 2014-07-31 |
| EP2716998A4 (en) | 2014-10-22 |
| US20140026605A1 (en) | 2014-01-30 |
| US9494348B2 (en) | 2016-11-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP5818885B2 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
| JP5657030B2 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
| JP5730335B2 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
| JP5642278B2 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
| JP5774121B2 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
| JP5752148B2 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
| CN104797893B (zh) | 空气调节装置 | |
| JP5784117B2 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
| AU2011358039B2 (en) | Air-conditioning apparatus | |
| JP6000373B2 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
| WO2011052046A1 (ja) | 空気調和装置 | |
| CN103842742A (zh) | 空调装置 | |
| JP5885753B2 (ja) | 空気調和装置 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 11866067 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14110773 Country of ref document: US |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2013516072 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2011866067 Country of ref document: EP |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |