WO2012141252A1 - 気体燃料計測装置及びガスタービン制御システム - Google Patents
気体燃料計測装置及びガスタービン制御システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012141252A1 WO2012141252A1 PCT/JP2012/060037 JP2012060037W WO2012141252A1 WO 2012141252 A1 WO2012141252 A1 WO 2012141252A1 JP 2012060037 W JP2012060037 W JP 2012060037W WO 2012141252 A1 WO2012141252 A1 WO 2012141252A1
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- gaseous fuel
- gas chromatograph
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
- F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
- F02C9/40—Control of fuel supply specially adapted to the use of a special fuel or a plurality of fuels
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/86—Signal analysis
- G01N30/8675—Evaluation, i.e. decoding of the signal into analytical information
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/22—Fuels; Explosives
- G01N33/225—Gaseous fuels, e.g. natural gas
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N2030/022—Column chromatography characterised by the kind of separation mechanism
- G01N2030/025—Gas chromatography
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gaseous fuel measuring device and a gas turbine control system.
- This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-090996 filed in Japan on April 15, 2011, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- DLE Dry Low Emission
- gas turbines that employ a DLE (Dry Low Emission) combustion system that can reduce Nox emissions by burning a premixed mixture of fuel gas and air in a lean state have been used.
- a DLE combustion system also referred to as a premixed combustion system
- gas turbine is based on highly accurate measurement of fuel properties and measurement values in order to avoid the occurrence of combustion vibration and misfire in the combustor. Extremely high accuracy combustion control is required.
- the gas chromatograph measures each component after separating each component contained in the gas to be measured through the column.
- the measurement using the gas chromatograph has a feature that it takes about 5 to 10 minutes from sampling of the gas to be measured to the output of the measurement value. Therefore, individual measurement values obtained from the gas chromatograph with a period of 5 to 10 minutes have sufficiently high accuracy.
- the property of the gas to be measured that is, the fuel gas
- the measured value cannot follow the property variation, and an error due to time delay (response delay) occurs. As a result, highly accurate combustion control becomes difficult.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and has the following two points. (1) Realizing highly accurate measurement of gaseous fuel properties while suppressing an increase in cost. (2) Highly accurate combustion control of the gas turbine is realized.
- the gaseous fuel measuring device for measuring the properties of the gaseous fuel measures the calorific value, specific gravity and specific component concentration of the gaseous fuel, and outputs each measured value at a constant cycle.
- a concentration meter that measures a specific component concentration of the gaseous fuel and outputs a measurement value at a shorter cycle than the gas chromatograph, and a measurement value of the specific component concentration obtained from the gas chromatograph, and a correction arithmetic unit that corrects the calorific value and the specific gravity measurement value obtained from the gas chromatograph at the same time based on the measurement value of the specific component concentration obtained from the densitometer.
- the gaseous fuel measuring device for measuring the property of the gaseous fuel measures the calorific value and the specific component concentration of the gaseous fuel, and outputs each measured value at a constant cycle.
- a concentration meter that measures a specific component concentration of the gaseous fuel and outputs a measured value in a shorter cycle than the gas chromatograph, measures a specific gravity of the gaseous fuel, and measures a measured value in a shorter cycle than the gas chromatograph
- a correction arithmetic unit that corrects the calorific value obtained from the graph and the measured value of the specific gravity obtained from the hydrometer.
- the correction arithmetic unit is configured to measure the specific component concentration obtained from the gas chromatograph and the concentration meter at the same time.
- the correction calculation device includes an approximation function representing a correlation between the calorific value and the specific component concentration, the specific gravity, and the specific component concentration.
- an approximation function representing a correlation between the calorific value and the specific component concentration, the specific gravity, and the specific component concentration.
- a gas turbine control system includes a gas turbine, a fuel supply line connected to a combustor of the gas turbine, and a fuel flow rate control inserted in the fuel supply line.
- a gas fuel measuring device that has a valve and a solution means according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, and that measures a property of the gaseous fuel flowing in the fuel supply line;
- a control device that calculates a Wobbe index based on the measured value of the calorific value and specific gravity of the gaseous fuel, and controls the opening of the fuel flow control valve based on the Wobbe index.
- the gaseous fuel measuring apparatus based on the measured value of the specific component concentration of the gaseous fuel obtained from the gas chromatograph and the measured value of the specific component concentration of the gaseous fuel obtained from the densitometer at the same time.
- the measured values of the calorific value and specific gravity of the gaseous fuel obtained from the gas chromatograph at the same time are corrected. For this reason, it is possible to obtain a highly accurate calorific value and specific gravity measurement value in which errors due to time delay are suppressed.
- the densitometer a relatively inexpensive instrument such as an infrared analyzer can be used. That is, according to the gaseous fuel measuring device according to the present invention, it is possible to realize highly accurate gaseous fuel property measurement while suppressing an increase in cost.
- the Wobbe index is calculated based on the highly accurate calorific value and specific gravity measurement values obtained from the above-described gaseous fuel measuring device, and the fuel flow rate is calculated based on the Wobbe index. Controls the opening of the control valve. Thereby, highly accurate combustion control of the gas turbine can be realized.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a gas turbine control system A according to the first embodiment.
- the gas turbine control system A includes a gas turbine 1, a fuel supply line 2, a fuel flow rate control valve 3, a sampling device 4, a gaseous fuel measuring device 5, and a gas turbine control device 6.
- a solid line arrow represents fuel gas
- a dotted line arrow represents an electrical signal.
- the gas turbine 1 is a gas turbine that employs a DLE combustion method (premixed combustion method) that can reduce the amount of Nox emissions by, for example, burning a premixed mixture of fuel gas and air in a lean state. is there.
- the fuel supply line 2 is a fuel gas supply pipe connected to a combustor (not shown) of the gas turbine 1. Fuel gas such as natural gas is supplied to the combustor of the gas turbine 1 through the fuel supply line 2. Although not shown in FIG. 1, an air supply line for supplying compressed air is also connected to the combustor of the gas turbine 1.
- the fuel flow control valve 3 is an automatic adjustment valve provided in the fuel supply line 2, and its opening degree is controlled according to a fuel flow control signal FC input from the gas turbine control device 6. That is, the flow rate of the fuel gas supplied to the gas turbine 1 is controlled by the opening degree control of the fuel flow control valve 3.
- the sampling device 4 is provided on the upstream side of the fuel flow control valve 3 in the fuel supply line 2 and branches (samples) a part of the fuel gas flowing in the fuel supply line 2 to the gaseous fuel measuring device 5. Lead.
- the gaseous fuel measuring device 5 measures the properties of the fuel gas introduced from the fuel supply line 2 via the sampling device 4.
- the gaseous fuel measuring device 5 includes a gas chromatograph 5a, an infrared analyzer 5b, and a correction calculation device 5c.
- the fuel gas introduced into the gaseous fuel measuring device 5 is distributed to each of the gas chromatograph 5a and the infrared analyzer 5b.
- the gas chromatograph 5a measures the lower calorific value LHV of fuel gas, the specific gravity SG and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration with respect to air, and outputs the measured values LHV_gc, SG_gc, and CO2_gc to the correction arithmetic unit 5c at regular intervals. As described above, the gas chromatograph 5a measures each component after separating each component contained in the measurement target gas (fuel gas) through the column.
- the gas chromatograph 5a is characterized by the fact that the measurement value is highly accurate, but it takes about 5 to 10 minutes from the sampling of the fuel gas to the output of the measurement value. That is, the gas chromatograph 5a outputs the measured values LHV_gc, SG_gc, and CO2_gc at a cycle of 5 minutes to 10 minutes.
- the infrared analyzer 5b is a gas analyzer using a non-dispersive infrared absorption method (ND-IR method), which measures the carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentration of the fuel gas and has a shorter cycle than the gas chromatograph 5a.
- the measurement value CO2_ir is output to the correction arithmetic device 5c.
- the infrared analyzer 5b is inferior in accuracy to the gas chromatograph 5a due to its measurement principle.
- the infrared analyzer 5b is characterized in that the measured value CO2_ir can be output with an extremely short period (on the order of several seconds) that can be regarded as being almost continuous as compared with the gas chromatograph 5a.
- the correction calculation device 5c is, for example, a microcomputer in which a memory, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) core, an input / output interface, and the like are integrated. Based on the measured value CO2_gc of the CO 2 concentration obtained from the gas chromatograph 5a and the measured value CO2_ir of the CO 2 concentration obtained from the infrared analyzer 5b at the same time, the correction arithmetic unit 5c performs the gas chromatograph at the same time. The measured values LHV_gc and SG_gc of the lower heating value LHV and specific gravity SG obtained from 5a are corrected. Further, the correction calculation device 5 c outputs the corrected measurement values LHV_c and SG_c to the gas turbine control device 6.
- a memory for example, a microcomputer in which a memory, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) core, an input / output interface, and the like are integrated.
- the correction arithmetic unit 5c Based on the measured value CO2_gc of the CO 2
- the gas turbine control device 6 calculates the Wobbe index WI based on the lower heating value LHV of the fuel gas obtained from the gaseous fuel measurement device 5 (correction calculation device 5c) and the measured values LHV_c and SG_c of the specific gravity SG.
- the gas turbine control device 6 outputs a fuel flow rate control signal FC for controlling the opening degree of the fuel flow rate control valve 3 (controlling the fuel gas flow rate) to the fuel flow rate control valve 3 based on the calculated Wobbe index WI.
- the gas turbine control device 6 generates an air flow rate control signal AC for controlling the opening degree (controlling the air flow rate) of an air flow rate control valve (not shown) inserted in the air supply line of the gas turbine 1. Output to air flow control valve.
- the operation of the gas turbine control system A configured as described above will be described in detail. That is, the measurement operation of the fuel gas property by the gaseous fuel measurement device 5 and the combustion control operation (fuel flow rate control) of the gas turbine 1 by the gas turbine control device 6 will be described in detail.
- the gas chromatograph 5a outputs measured values LHV_gc and SG_gc of fuel gas properties (low calorific value LHV, specific gravity SG, etc.) at intervals of 5 to 10 minutes.
- the individual measured values obtained from the gas chromatograph 5a with a period of 5 minutes to 10 minutes are sufficiently accurate (very close to the true value).
- the measurement value cannot follow the property variations, and an error due to a time delay (response delay) of a maximum of two steps (two cycles) occurs.
- This inventor verified the property data for a certain period measured using the gas chromatograph about the natural gas produced from a certain area.
- the low heating value LHV and the specific gravity SG necessary for calculating the Wobbe index WI are large especially when the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) among the inert components contained in natural gas is large and the concentration fluctuation is large. I found that it fluctuated.
- the inventor of the present application investigated the relationship between the CO 2 concentration and the lower calorific value LHV and the relationship between the CO 2 concentration and the specific gravity SG using the property data of the natural gas for a certain period of time. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3A, it was discovered that the CO 2 concentration and the lower heating value LHV are clearly correlated, and as shown in FIG. 3B, the CO 2 concentration and the specific gravity SG are lower than the lower heating value LHV. I found that there was some degree of correlation.
- the correlation between the CO 2 concentration and the lower heating value LHV can be approximated with high accuracy by an exponential function (all data are within ⁇ 1% of the approximate function curve).
- an approximate function (exponential function) representing the correlation between the CO 2 concentration and the lower heating value LHV is defined by the following equation (1).
- a and B are constants, and e is the base of the natural logarithm.
- the correlation between the CO 2 concentration and the specific gravity SG is slightly lower than the correlation between the CO 2 concentration and the lower heating value LHV, and there are two substantially parallel data series. Looks like to do. However, one data series having a high correlation can be approximated more accurately by an exponential function than the other data series. This means that if the correlation between the CO 2 concentration and the specific gravity SG is obtained in advance, the specific gravity SG can be estimated from the measured CO 2 concentration of the fuel gas.
- an approximate function (exponential function) representing the correlation between the CO 2 concentration and the specific gravity SG is defined by the following equation (2).
- C and D are constants
- e is the base of the natural logarithm.
- the measurement value CO2_gc of the CO 2 concentration obtained from the gas chromatograph 5a has an error due to a time delay of a maximum of two steps, like the other measurement values LHV_gc and SG_gc. Contains.
- the infrared analyzer 5b is inferior in accuracy to the gas chromatograph 5a.
- infrared analyzer 5b can output the CO 2 concentration measurements CO2_ir in a very short period that can be regarded as substantially continuous in comparison with a gas chromatograph 5a. For this reason, the error due to the time delay can be ignored (see FIG. 2B).
- the measured value CO2_gc of the CO 2 concentration obtained from the gas chromatograph 5a is a past value for a maximum of two steps and is not a current value.
- the measurement value CO2_ir of CO 2 concentration obtained from the infrared analyzer 5b can be regarded as the current value. For this reason, by correcting so that the difference between CO2_gc and CO2_ir obtained at the same time is eliminated (in other words, so that CO2_gc matches CO2_ir), a high-precision low-order error in which errors due to time delay are suppressed. Measurement values of the calorific value LHV and specific gravity SG can be obtained.
- the calorific value correction coefficient Z_LHV_co2 for correcting the time delay error included in the measured value LHV_gc of the lower calorific value LHV obtained from the gas chromatograph 5a is obtained from the gas chromatograph 5a and the infrared analyzer 5b at the same time. It can be calculated by the following equation (3) derived based on the measured values CO2_gc and CO2_ir of the CO 2 concentration and the above equation (1).
- the specific gravity correction coefficient Z_SG_co2 for correcting the time delay error included in the measured value SG_gc of the specific gravity SG obtained from the gas chromatograph 5a is a measurement of the CO 2 concentration obtained from the gas chromatograph 5a and the infrared analyzer 5b at the same time. It can be calculated by the following equation (4) derived based on the values CO2_gc, CO2_ir and the above equation (2).
- the measured values of the lower heating value LHV and specific gravity SG (corrected measured values LHV_c, SG_c) that do not include an error due to time delay are expressed by the following formulas (5) and (6).
- the drawbacks of the gas chromatograph 5a are greatly improved. it can. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain a highly accurate measurement value LHV_c of the lower heating value LHV and a measurement value SG_c of the specific gravity SG in which the time delay error is suppressed (close to the current value).
- the measured values LHV_gc, SG_gc and CO2_gc of the lower heating value LHV, specific gravity SG and CO 2 concentration of the fuel gas are output in a cycle of 5 to 10 minutes, and until the measured values in this step are finalized.
- the step measurement value is continuously output for 5 to 10 minutes (see FIGS. 2A and 2B).
- the concentration measurement value CO2_ir is sampled at a constant sampling period. This sampling period is set shorter than the measurement period (5 to 10 minutes) of the gas chromatograph 5a and sufficiently longer than the measurement period (several seconds order) of the infrared analyzer 5b.
- the measurement values LHV_gc, SG_gc, and CO2_gc acquired (sampled) from the gas chromatograph 5a at each sampling timing by the correction arithmetic unit 5c are past two steps at maximum, but are measured from the infrared analyzer 5b.
- the value CO2_ir can be regarded as a current value.
- the correction calculation device 5c stores the above equations (3) and (4) in advance in an internal memory.
- the correction calculation device 5c corrects the heat generation amount by substituting the measured values CO2_gc and CO2_ir of the CO 2 concentration into the above formulas (3) and (4) among the measured values sampled at the same time as described above.
- a coefficient Z_LHV_co2 and a specific gravity correction coefficient Z_SG_co2 are calculated.
- the correction calculation device 5c stores the above formulas (5) and (6) in advance in an internal memory. Based on the above equation (5), the correction arithmetic unit 5c multiplies the measured value LHV_gc of the lower heating value LHV among the measured values sampled at the same time by the heating value correction coefficient Z_LHV_co2, thereby reducing the time delay error. The corrected measurement value LHV_c is calculated. The correction calculation device 5c calculates the measurement value SG_c in which the time delay error is corrected by multiplying the measurement value SG_gc of the specific gravity SG by the specific gravity correction coefficient Z_SG_co2 based on the above equation (6).
- the correction calculation device 5c gasses the measured value LHV_c of the low-order calorific value LHV and the measured value SG_c of the specific gravity SG, which are obtained by the above processing and corrected with a time delay error and extremely close to the current value (true value). Output to the turbine controller 6. As described above, the measurement value LHV_c of the low calorific value LHV and the measurement value SG_c of the specific gravity SG are output from the correction arithmetic device 5c to the gas turbine control device 6 with high accuracy at a constant sampling period.
- the heat input amount H (MJ / hr) to the combustor of the gas turbine 1 is expressed by the following (7) using the lower heating value LHV (MJ / Nm 3 ) and the fuel flow rate Qf (Nm 3 / h). It is expressed by an expression.
- the fuel flow rate Qf is expressed by the following equation (8) with respect to the orifice (corresponding to the flow meter, the fuel flow control valve 3, and the fuel nozzle).
- C is the flow coefficient
- A is the orifice area (m 3 )
- ⁇ P is the differential pressure across the orifice (Pa)
- ⁇ f is the fuel density (kg / m 3 )
- ⁇ an is the air in the standard state Density (kg / Nm 3 )
- Tn is standard temperature (K)
- Tf is fuel gas temperature (K)
- Pn is standard pressure (Pa)
- the measured values of the flow coefficient C, the orifice area A, the differential pressure before and after the orifice ⁇ P, the fuel gas temperature Tf and the fuel gas pressure Pf are obtained, and further, by knowing the Wobbe index WI from the following equation (9),
- the amount of heat input H to the combustor of the gas turbine 1 can be determined.
- the target heat input is determined and the flow rate coefficient of the fuel flow control valve 3 and the opening characteristics of the orifice area are known, the opening of the fuel flow control valve 3 can be determined.
- the gas turbine control device 6 calculates the Wobbe index WI from the above equation (9) by using the measured value LHV_c of the lower heating value LHV and the measured value SG_c of the specific gravity SG obtained from the gaseous fuel measuring device 5 at regular intervals. To do. Further, the gas turbine control device 6 determines the opening of the fuel flow control valve 3 from the Wobbe index WI based on the above control principle, and sets the fuel flow control valve 3 so that the determined opening, that is, the fuel gas flow rate is obtained. Control (output fuel flow control signal FC). At this time, the gas turbine control device 6 controls an air flow rate control valve (not shown) so that the air flow rate supplied to the combustor of the gas turbine 1 is constant (outputs an air flow rate control signal AC). .
- the measurement value LHV_c of the low heating value LHV and the measurement value SG_c of the specific gravity SG can be obtained from the gaseous fuel measurement device 5 with high accuracy and with a suppressed time delay error.
- the infrared analyzer 5b used for correcting the time delay error is a relatively inexpensive instrument. Therefore, according to this embodiment, it is possible to realize highly accurate measurement of gaseous fuel properties while suppressing an increase in cost.
- the Wobbe index WI is calculated based on the highly accurate measured value LHV_c of the low calorific value LHV and the measured value SG_c of the specific gravity SG obtained from the gaseous fuel measuring device 5 described above, and the Wobbe index WI Therefore, the opening degree of the fuel flow control valve 3 is controlled (the fuel flow rate is controlled), so that highly accurate combustion control of the gas turbine 1 can be realized.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a gas turbine control system B according to the second embodiment.
- the gas turbine control system B is different from the gas turbine control system A of the first embodiment in that it includes a gaseous fuel measuring device 5 ′ to which a hydrometer 5d is newly added.
- the configuration other than the gaseous fuel measurement device 5 ′ is the same as that in the first embodiment, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.
- the fuel gas introduced into the gaseous fuel measuring device 5 ′ via the sampling device 4 is distributed to the gas chromatograph 5a, the infrared analyzer 5b, and the hydrometer 5d.
- the hydrometer 5d measures the specific gravity SG of the fuel gas and outputs the measured value SG_gc to the correction arithmetic device 5c at a cycle shorter than that of the gas chromatograph 5a.
- the hydrometer 5d is inferior in accuracy to the gas chromatograph 5a, like the infrared analyzer 5b.
- the hydrometer 5d has a feature that the measured value SG_gc can be output at an extremely short period that can be regarded as being almost continuous as compared with the gas chromatograph 5a.
- the gas chromatograph 5a outputs only the lower heating value LHV of fuel gas and the measured values LHV_gc and CO2_gc of the CO 2 concentration.
- the correction calculation device 5c includes the measured values LHV_gc and CO2_gc of the lower heating value LHV and CO 2 concentration output from the gas chromatograph 5a, the measured value CO2_ir of the CO 2 concentration output from the infrared analyzer 5b, and the hydrometer 5d.
- the output measured value SG_gc of the specific gravity SG is sampled at a constant sampling period.
- the measurement values LHV_gc and CO2_gc acquired (sampled) from the gas chromatograph 5a at each sampling timing by the correction arithmetic unit 5c are past values for a maximum of two steps, but the measured values CO2_ir and specific gravity acquired from the infrared analyzer 5b
- the measured value SG_gc acquired from the total 5d can be regarded as the current value.
- the correction calculation device 5c converts the measured values CO2_gc and CO2_ir of the CO 2 concentration into the above formulas (3) and (4) among the measured values sampled at the same time as described above. By substituting, a calorific value correction coefficient Z_LHV_co2 and a specific gravity correction coefficient Z_SG_co2 are calculated.
- the correction calculation device 5c multiplies the measured value LHV_gc of the lower heating value LHV among the measured values sampled at the same time by the heating value correction coefficient Z_LHV_co2 based on the above equation (5). By doing so, the measured value LHV_c in which the time delay error is corrected is calculated.
- the correction calculation device 5c calculates the measurement value SG_c in which the time delay error is corrected by multiplying the measurement value SG_gc of the specific gravity SG by the specific gravity correction coefficient Z_SG_co2 based on the above equation (6).
- the measured value SG_gc of the specific gravity SG substituted into the above equation (6) is a value close to the current value obtained from the hydrometer 5d without a time delay error. For this reason, even when the property variation of the fuel gas in which the specific gravity SG, which is normally decreased, increases, the error of the measurement value SG_c after correction can be suppressed to be lower than that of the measurement value SG_gc before correction.
- the concentration meter for measuring the analyte concentration of the fuel gas (CO 2 concentration) was exemplified when using an infrared spectrometer 5d.
- any densitometer may be used as long as it is capable of outputting measured values in a shorter cycle than the gas chromatograph 5a that can be regarded as continuous.
- it is not always necessary to measure the CO 2 concentration as the specific component concentration of the fuel gas and it is only necessary to measure the concentration of a component that greatly affects the fluctuation of the lower heating value LHV and the specific gravity SG among the components contained in the fuel gas. .
- the measured value CO2_ir of CO 2 concentration sampled from the infrared analyzer 5d at the same sampling timing as the gas chromatograph 5a is held, and after several samplings, the sample is sampled from the infrared analyzer 5d.
- the measured value CO2_ir of CO 2 concentrations, the difference between the measured value CO2_ir which had been held may be used to calculate the Z_LHV_co2 and specific gravity correction coefficient Z_SG_co2.
- the gaseous fuel measuring device it is possible to obtain a highly accurate calorific value and specific gravity measurement value in which errors due to time delay are suppressed.
- a relatively inexpensive instrument such as an infrared analyzer can be used. That is, it is possible to realize highly accurate measurement of gaseous fuel properties while suppressing an increase in cost.
- A, B ... Gas turbine control system, 1 ... Gas turbine, 2 ... Fuel supply line, 3 ... Fuel flow control valve, 4 ... Sampling device, 5 '... Gas fuel measuring device, 6 ... Gas turbine control device, 5a ... gas chromatograph, 5b ... infrared analyzer, 5c ... correction arithmetic unit, 5d ... specific gravity meter
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Abstract
Description
この手法は、炭化水素の混合比が変動しても、SGとLHVの関係が線形関数上で移動するのみである。このため、比較的性状が安定しているLNGの気化によって得られた天然ガスを用いる場合には、この手法が適用できる。しかしながら、ガス田から直接引き込まれた天然ガスのようにCO2やN2等の不活性成分が多く含まれている場合には、SGとLHVの関係が線形関数から外れる。その結果、LHVの推定が困難になる。
(1)コストの増加を抑えつつ、高精度な気体燃料性状の計測を実現する。
(2)高精度なガスタービンの燃焼制御を実現する。
(第1実施形態)
まず、本発明の第1実施形態について説明する。図1は、第1実施形態に係るガスタービン制御システムAの概略構成を示すブロック図である。図1に示すように、ガスタービン制御システムAは、ガスタービン1、燃料供給ライン2、燃料流量制御弁3、サンプリング装置4、気体燃料計測装置5、及びガスタービン制御装置6から構成されている。なお、図1において、実線矢印は燃料ガスを表し、点線矢印は電気信号を表している。
始めに、気体燃料計測装置5による燃料ガス性状の計測動作についての理解を容易にするために、本実施形態における燃料ガス性状の計測原理について説明する。
図2Aに示すように、ガスクロマトグラフ5aは、5分ないし10分周期で燃料ガス性状(低位発熱量LHV及び比重SG等)の計測値LHV_gc、SG_gcを出力する。上記したガスクロマトグラフ5aから5分ないし10分周期で得られる個々の計測値は、十分に精度が高い(真値に極めて近い)。しかしながら、燃料ガス性状が短期的に変動すると、その性状変動に計測値が追従しきれずに最大2ステップ分(2周期分)の時間遅れ(応答遅れ)による誤差が発生する。
続いて、上述した燃料ガス性状の計測原理を前提として、本実施形態の気体燃料計測装置5による燃料ガス性状の計測動作について説明する。
なお、ガスタービン1の運転中(燃料ガスの供給中)において、赤外線分析計5bからは、ほぼ連続的に燃料ガスのCO2濃度の計測値CO2_irが出力されるが(図2B参照)、ガスクロマトグラフ5aからは、5分ないし10分周期で燃料ガスの低位発熱量LHV、比重SG及びCO2濃度の計測値LHV_gc、SG_gc及びCO2_gcが出力され、今回ステップでの計測値が確定するまでは前回ステップの計測値が5分ないし10分間継続して出力される(図2A及び図2B参照)。
続いて、ガスタービン制御装置6によるガスタービン1の燃焼制御動作(燃料流量制御)について説明する。
なお、上記のように、ガスタービン制御装置6には、気体燃料計測装置5(補正演算装置5c)から一定周期で高精度な低位発熱量LHVの計測値LHV_c及び比重SGの計測値SG_cが入力される。
また、本実施形態によれば、前述の気体燃料計測装置5から得られる高精度な低位発熱量LHVの計測値LHV_c及び比重SGの計測値SG_cを基にウォッベ指数WIを算出し、ウォッベ指数WIに基づいて燃料流量制御弁3の開度を制御する(燃料流量を制御する)ので、高精度なガスタービン1の燃焼制御を実現することができる。
次に、本発明の第2実施形態について説明する。
燃料ガスのCO2濃度が減少すると、通常ならば比重SGが低下するが、C2やC3のような他の成分濃度が急増すると、比重SGが上昇することがある。上記のような燃料ガスの性状変動が発生した場合、補正前の計測値SG_gcよりも補正後の計測値SG_cの方が誤差が大きくなる可能性がある。第2実施形態は、上記のような燃料ガスの性状変動にも対応可能である。
ガスタービン制御システムBにおいて、気体燃料計測装置5’以外の他の構成については第1実施形態と同様であるので、以下での説明を省略する。
比重計5dは、赤外線分析計5bと同様に、ガスクロマトグラフ5aより精度の点で劣る。しかしながら、比重計5dには、ガスクロマトグラフ5aと比較してほぼ連続的とみなせるような極めて短い周期で計測値SG_gcを出力できるという特徴がある。
なお、ガスクロマトグラフ5aからは、燃料ガスの低位発熱量LHV及びCO2濃度の計測値LHV_gc、CO2_gcのみが出力される。
(1)上記第1及び第2実施形態では、ウォッベ指数WIの算出に必要な発熱量として低位発熱量LHVを計測する場合を例示した。しかしながら、低位発熱量LHVに替えて、高位発熱量HHV(Higher Heating Value)を算出し、高位発熱量HHVと比重SGとからウォッベ指数WIを算出するようにしても良い。
Claims (5)
- 気体燃料の性状を計測する気体燃料計測装置であって、
前記気体燃料の発熱量、比重及び特定成分濃度を計測し、一定周期で各計測値を出力するガスクロマトグラフと、
前記気体燃料の特定成分濃度を計測し、前記ガスクロマトグラフよりも短い周期で計測値を出力する濃度計と、
前記ガスクロマトグラフから得られた前記特定成分濃度の計測値と、同時期に前記濃度計から得られた前記特定成分濃度の計測値とに基づいて、同時期に前記ガスクロマトグラフから得られた前記発熱量及び前記比重の計測値を補正する補正演算装置と、
を備える気体燃料計測装置。 - 気体燃料の性状を計測する気体燃料計測装置であって、
前記気体燃料の発熱量及び特定成分濃度を計測し、一定周期で各計測値を出力するガスクロマトグラフと、
前記気体燃料の特定成分濃度を計測し、前記ガスクロマトグラフよりも短い周期で計測値を出力する濃度計と、
前記気体燃料の比重を計測し、前記ガスクロマトグラフよりも短い周期で計測値を出力する比重計と、
前記ガスクロマトグラフから得られた前記特定成分濃度の計測値と、同時期に前記濃度計から得られた前記特定成分濃度の計測値とに基づいて、同時期に前記ガスクロマトグラフから得られた前記発熱量及び前記比重計から得られた前記比重の計測値を補正する補正演算装置と、
を備える気体燃料計測装置。 - 前記補正演算装置は、前記ガスクロマトグラフから得られた前記特定成分濃度の計測値及び同時期に前記濃度計から得られた前記特定成分濃度の計測値と、予め前記ガスクロマトグラフを用いて求めておいた、前記発熱量と前記特定成分濃度との相関関係及び前記比重と前記特定成分濃度との相関関係とに基づいて、前記発熱量及び前記比重の計測値を補正する請求項1または2に記載の気体燃料計測装置。
- 前記補正演算装置は、前記発熱量と前記特定成分濃度との相関関係を表す近似関数及び前記比重と前記特定成分濃度との相関関係を表す近似関数に基づいて予め作成された、前記ガスクロマトグラフ及び前記濃度計から得られる前記特定成分濃度を変数とする発熱量補正系数及び比重補正係数の演算式に対して、前記ガスクロマトグラフ及び前記濃度計から得られた前記特定成分濃度の計測値を代入することで前記発熱量補正系数及び前記比重補正係数を算出する請求項3に記載の気体燃料計測装置。
- ガスタービンと、
前記ガスタービンの燃焼器に接続された燃料供給ラインと、
前記燃料供給ラインに介挿された燃料流量制御弁と、
前記燃料供給ラインに流れる気体燃料の性状を計測する請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の気体燃料計測装置と、
前記気体燃料計測装置から得られる前記気体燃料の発熱量及び比重の計測値に基づいてウォッベ指数を算出し、前記ウォッベ指数に基づいて前記燃料流量制御弁の開度を制御する制御装置と、
を備えるガスタービン制御システム。
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| ES2719830T3 (es) * | 2015-12-19 | 2019-07-16 | Mems Ag | Procedimiento y dispositivo de medición para la determinación de propiedades del gas por medio de correlación |
| JP7568478B2 (ja) * | 2020-10-29 | 2024-10-16 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 燃料ガスの組成分析装置及び組成分析方法、並びに、この組成分析装置を備える原動機制御装置及びこの組成分析方法を含む原動機制御方法 |
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| JP2000321260A (ja) * | 1999-05-11 | 2000-11-24 | Shimadzu Corp | 燃料ガス分析装置 |
| JP2005532527A (ja) * | 2002-07-02 | 2005-10-27 | シェブロン ユー.エス.エー. インコーポレイテッド | 燃料及びその組成物のWobbe指数を調節する方法 |
| JP2007212334A (ja) * | 2006-02-10 | 2007-08-23 | Yamatake Corp | 熱量計測システム |
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| DE19900129C2 (de) * | 1999-01-05 | 2001-09-13 | Flow Comp Systemtechnik Gmbh | Gasqualitätsbestimmung |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000321260A (ja) * | 1999-05-11 | 2000-11-24 | Shimadzu Corp | 燃料ガス分析装置 |
| JP2005532527A (ja) * | 2002-07-02 | 2005-10-27 | シェブロン ユー.エス.エー. インコーポレイテッド | 燃料及びその組成物のWobbe指数を調節する方法 |
| JP2007212334A (ja) * | 2006-02-10 | 2007-08-23 | Yamatake Corp | 熱量計測システム |
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| JP2011502250A (ja) * | 2007-10-31 | 2011-01-20 | アヌビス, ベーヴェーベーアー | 炭化水素燃料の発熱量および相対密度を決定するための方法ならびに装置 |
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