WO2012098747A1 - 固体撮像装置 - Google Patents
固体撮像装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012098747A1 WO2012098747A1 PCT/JP2011/075098 JP2011075098W WO2012098747A1 WO 2012098747 A1 WO2012098747 A1 WO 2012098747A1 JP 2011075098 W JP2011075098 W JP 2011075098W WO 2012098747 A1 WO2012098747 A1 WO 2012098747A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/10—Integrated devices
- H10F39/12—Image sensors
- H10F39/191—Photoconductor image sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/50—Control of the SSIS exposure
- H04N25/57—Control of the dynamic range
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/71—Charge-coupled device [CCD] sensors; Charge-transfer registers specially adapted for CCD sensors
- H04N25/713—Transfer or readout registers; Split readout registers or multiple readout registers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/71—Charge-coupled device [CCD] sensors; Charge-transfer registers specially adapted for CCD sensors
- H04N25/72—Charge-coupled device [CCD] sensors; Charge-transfer registers specially adapted for CCD sensors using frame transfer [FT]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/10—Integrated devices
- H10F39/12—Image sensors
- H10F39/15—Charge-coupled device [CCD] image sensors
- H10F39/152—One-dimensional array CCD image sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/803—Pixels having integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements
- H10F39/8033—Photosensitive area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/803—Pixels having integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements
- H10F39/8037—Pixels having integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements the integrated elements comprising a transistor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solid-state imaging device.
- a light-sensitive region that generates a charge in response to light incidence and has a substantially rectangular shape formed by two long sides and two short sides, and a light-sensitive region with respect to the light-sensitive region
- a plurality of potential gradient forming regions that form a potential gradient that is increased along a predetermined direction parallel to the long side of the planar shape, and that are juxtaposed along a direction that intersects the predetermined direction.
- a plurality of electric charges corresponding to the photoelectric conversion units and arranged on the other short side forming the planar shape of the photosensitive region, and accumulating charges generated in the photosensitive region of the corresponding photoelectric conversion unit What is provided with the storage part is disclosed (for example, refer patent document 1).
- Such a solid-state imaging device has been conventionally used for various applications, and in particular, is widely used as a light detection means of a spectroscope.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described points, and an object thereof is to provide a solid-state imaging device capable of increasing the saturation charge amount without sacrificing the line rate.
- the solid-state imaging device generates a charge in response to light incidence and has a light-sensitive region having a substantially rectangular shape whose planar shape is formed by two long sides and two short sides, and a light-sensitive region. And a potential gradient forming region that forms a potential gradient that is increased along a predetermined direction parallel to the long side that forms the planar shape of the photosensitive region, and so as to be along a direction that intersects the predetermined direction.
- a plurality of photoelectric conversion units arranged side by side and arranged on the other short side corresponding to each of the photoelectric conversion units and forming the planar shape of the photosensitive region, accumulates charges generated in the photosensitive region of the corresponding photoelectric conversion unit A plurality of charge storage units, and a charge output unit that acquires and transfers the charges transferred from the plurality of charge storage units in a direction crossing a predetermined direction, and outputs the charges.
- a predetermined potential is applied respectively so as to increase the potential in a predetermined direction to.
- the potential difference raised in a predetermined direction occurs in each charge storage unit. For this reason, the charge is controlled by the potential difference, and the charge transfer speed in the charge storage portion is increased. Therefore, even if the length of the charge storage portion in a predetermined direction is set to be long in order to increase the saturation charge amount, it is possible to prevent the charge transfer time in the charge storage portion from becoming long. As a result, it is possible to prevent the line rate from being lowered.
- the solid-state imaging device generates a charge in response to light incidence and has a light-sensitive region having a substantially rectangular shape whose planar shape is formed by two long sides and two short sides, and a light-sensitive region. And a potential gradient forming region that forms a potential gradient that is increased along a predetermined direction parallel to the long side that forms the planar shape of the photosensitive region, and so as to be along a direction that intersects the predetermined direction.
- a plurality of photoelectric conversion units arranged side by side and arranged on the other short side corresponding to each of the photoelectric conversion units and forming the planar shape of the photosensitive region, accumulates charges generated in the photosensitive region of the corresponding photoelectric conversion unit
- a plurality of charge storage units and a charge output unit that acquires and transfers the charges transferred from the plurality of charge storage units in a direction crossing a predetermined direction, and outputs the charges.
- Predetermined potential that is higher in a predetermined direction to have at least two gate electrodes are provided, respectively.
- the potential is increased in a predetermined direction.
- the difference in potential level is generated.
- the charge is controlled by the potential difference, and the charge transfer speed in the charge storage portion is increased. Therefore, even if the length of the charge storage portion in a predetermined direction is set to be long in order to increase the saturation charge amount, it is possible to prevent the charge transfer time in the charge storage portion from becoming long. As a result, it is possible to prevent the line rate from being lowered.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a solid-state imaging apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a view for explaining a cross-sectional configuration along the line II-II in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the buffer gate section.
- FIG. 4 is a timing chart of each input signal in the solid-state imaging device according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a potential diagram for explaining charge accumulation and discharge operations at each time in FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining charge movement in the buffer gate portion.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing simulation results of electrical characteristics of the solid-state imaging device when no potential difference is provided in the buffer gate portion.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing simulation results of electrical characteristics of the solid-state imaging device when a potential difference is provided in the buffer gate portion.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a modified example of the buffer gate portion.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a solid-state imaging device according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a cross-sectional configuration along the line II-II in FIG.
- the solid-state imaging device 1 includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion units 3, a plurality of buffer gate units 5, a plurality of transfer units 7, and a shift register 9 as a charge output unit. And.
- Each photoelectric conversion unit 3 has a photosensitive region 15 and a potential gradient forming region 17.
- the light sensitive region 15 generates a charge corresponding to the incident light intensity in response to light incidence.
- the potential gradient forming region 17 has a first direction (the long side direction of the photosensitive region 15) from one short side forming the planar shape of the photosensitive region 15 toward the other short side with respect to the photosensitive region 15. The potential gradient is increased along the direction of The electric charge generated in the photosensitive region 15 by the potential gradient forming region 17 is discharged from the other short side of the photosensitive region 15.
- the planar shape of the photosensitive region 15 is a substantially rectangular shape formed by two long sides and two short sides.
- the plurality of photoelectric conversion units 3 are juxtaposed along a direction intersecting (for example, orthogonal to) the first direction and arranged in an array in a one-dimensional direction.
- the plurality of photoelectric conversion units 3 are juxtaposed in the direction along the short side direction of the photosensitive region 15.
- the length of the photosensitive region 15 in the long side direction is set to about 1 mm, for example, and the length of the photosensitive region 15 in the short side direction is set to about 24 ⁇ m, for example.
- Each buffer gate portion 5 corresponds to the photoelectric conversion portion 3 and is disposed on the other short side forming the planar shape of the photosensitive region 15. That is, the plurality of buffer gate portions 5 are juxtaposed in the direction intersecting the first direction (the direction along the short side direction of the photosensitive region 15) on the other short side forming the planar shape of the photosensitive region 15. Has been.
- the buffer gate unit 5 partitions the photoelectric conversion unit 3 (photosensitive region 15) and the transfer unit 7 from each other. In the present embodiment, charges discharged from the photosensitive region 15 by the potential gradient forming region 17 are accumulated in the buffer gate unit 5.
- An isolation region 18 is disposed between the adjacent buffer gate portions 5 to achieve electrical isolation between the buffer gate portions 5.
- Each buffer gate unit 5 in the present embodiment includes a first buffer gate unit 5a and a second buffer gate unit 5b.
- the first buffer gate portion 5a is disposed adjacent to the photosensitive region 15 in the first direction, and further adjacent to the first buffer gate portion 5a in the first direction.
- Two buffer gate portions 5b are arranged.
- the length in the first direction of the buffer gate portion 5 including the first buffer gate portion 5a and the second buffer gate portion is set to, for example, about 32 ⁇ m.
- the first buffer gate portion 5a and the second buffer gate portion 5b include a gate electrode (an electrode 53 and an electrode 54 to be described later) to which different voltages are applied, and a semiconductor region (an n-type to be described later) formed therebelow. A semiconductor layer 33 and an n-type semiconductor layer 34).
- the voltage applied to the gate electrode of the first buffer gate portion 5a is applied to the gate electrode of the second buffer gate portion 5b in the first buffer gate portion 5a and the second buffer gate portion 5b.
- a voltage is applied so as to be lower than the applied voltage.
- the impurity concentrations of the semiconductor regions of the first buffer gate portion 5a and the second buffer gate portion 5b are the same.
- the voltage applied to the gate electrode of the first buffer gate portion 5a is applied, for example, about 1 V lower than the voltage applied to the gate electrode of the second buffer gate portion 5b.
- the potential (potential) formed under the gate electrode increases stepwise at the boundary surface from the first buffer gate portion 5a to the second buffer gate portion 5b.
- Each transfer unit 7 corresponds to the buffer gate unit 5 and is disposed between the buffer gate unit 5 and the shift register 9. That is, the plurality of transfer units 7 are juxtaposed in the direction intersecting the first direction on the other short side forming the planar shape of the photosensitive region 15.
- the transfer unit 7 acquires the charge accumulated in the buffer gate unit 5 and transfers the acquired charge toward the shift register 9.
- An isolation region 18 is disposed between the adjacent transfer units 7 to realize electrical separation between the transfer units 7.
- the shift register 9 is disposed on the other short side forming the planar shape of the photosensitive region 15.
- the shift register 9 receives the charges transferred from the transfer unit 7, transfers them in the above-mentioned direction intersecting the first direction, and sequentially outputs them to the amplifier unit 23.
- the electric charge output from the shift register 9 is converted into a voltage by the amplifier unit 23 and is used as a voltage for each photoelectric conversion unit 3 (photosensitive region 15) juxtaposed in the above direction intersecting the first direction. Is output outside of.
- the plurality of photoelectric conversion units 3, the plurality of first buffer gate units 5 a, the plurality of second buffer gate units 5 b, the plurality of transfer units 7, and the shift register 9 are included in the semiconductor substrate 30.
- the semiconductor substrate 30 includes a p-type semiconductor layer 31 serving as a base of the semiconductor substrate 30, n-type semiconductor layers 32, 33, 34, 36, 38 formed on one side of the p-type semiconductor layer 31, and an n ⁇ -type semiconductor. Layers 35 and 37 and a p + -type semiconductor layer 40.
- Si is used as a semiconductor.
- “High impurity concentration” means, for example, an impurity concentration of about 1 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 or more, and “+” is attached to the conductivity type, and “low impurity concentration” means that the impurity concentration is 1 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 or less, and “ ⁇ ” is attached to the conductivity type.
- Examples of n-type impurities include arsenic and phosphorus, and examples of p-type impurities include boron.
- the p-type semiconductor layer 31 and the n-type semiconductor layer 32 form a pn junction, and the n-type semiconductor layer 32 constitutes the photosensitive region 15 that generates a charge when light enters.
- the n-type semiconductor layer 32 has a substantially rectangular shape formed by two long sides and two short sides in plan view.
- the n-type semiconductor layer 32 extends along the long side direction of the n-type semiconductor layer 32 from the one short side forming the planar shape of the n-type semiconductor layer 32 toward the other short side. Are arranged in an array in a one-dimensional direction.
- Each n-type semiconductor layer 32 is juxtaposed in a direction along the short side direction of the n-type semiconductor layer 32.
- the isolation region can be composed of a p + type semiconductor layer.
- the electrode 51 is disposed with respect to the n-type semiconductor layer 32.
- the electrode 51 is made of a material that transmits light, for example, a polysilicon film, and is formed on the n-type semiconductor layer 32 via an insulating layer (not shown).
- the electrode 51 forms the potential gradient forming region 17.
- the electrode 51 is formed so as to continuously extend in a direction intersecting the first direction so as to cover a plurality of n-type semiconductor layers 32 juxtaposed along the direction intersecting the first direction. May be.
- the electrode 51 may be formed for each n-type semiconductor layer 32.
- the electrode 51 forms a so-called resistive gate, and is formed to extend from one short side forming the planar shape of the n-type semiconductor layer 32 toward the other short side (the first direction). ing.
- the electrode 51 forms a potential gradient corresponding to the electrical resistance component in the first direction of the electrode 51, that is, a potential gradient increased along the first direction, by giving a constant potential difference between both ends.
- One end of the electrode 51 is supplied with a signal MGL from a control circuit (not shown), and the other end of the electrode 51 is supplied with a signal MGH from a control circuit (not shown).
- a potential gradient that is increased along the first direction is formed in the n-type semiconductor layer 32.
- An electrode 53 is disposed adjacent to the electrode 51 in the first direction, and an electrode 54 is disposed adjacent to the electrode 53 in the first direction.
- the electrode 53 and the electrode 54 are respectively formed on the n-type semiconductor layers 33 and 34 via an insulating layer (not shown).
- the n-type semiconductor layer 33 is disposed on the other short side forming the planar shape of the n-type semiconductor layer 32, and the n-type semiconductor layer 34 is disposed on the other short side forming the planar shape of the n-type semiconductor layer 33. Is arranged.
- the electrodes 53 and 54 are made of, for example, a polysilicon film.
- the electrodes 53 and 54 are supplied with signals BG1 and BG2 from a control circuit (not shown), respectively.
- the electrode 53 and the n-type semiconductor layer 33 below the electrode 53 constitute the first buffer gate portion 5a, and the electrode 54 and the n-type semiconductor layer 34 below the electrode 54 constitute the second buffer gate portion 5b. .
- Transfer electrodes 55 and 56 are arranged adjacent to the electrode 54 in the first direction.
- the transfer electrodes 55 and 56 are respectively formed on the n ⁇ type semiconductor layer 35 and the n type semiconductor layer 36 via an insulating layer (not shown).
- the n ⁇ type semiconductor layer 35 and the n type semiconductor layer 36 are disposed adjacent to the n type semiconductor layer 34 in the first direction.
- the transfer electrodes 55 and 56 are made of, for example, a polysilicon film.
- the transfer electrodes 55 and 56 are supplied with a signal TG from a control circuit (not shown).
- the transfer unit 7 is configured by the transfer electrodes 55 and 56 and the n ⁇ -type semiconductor layer 35 and the n-type semiconductor layer 36 below the transfer electrodes 55 and 56.
- a transfer electrode 57 is disposed adjacent to the transfer electrode 56 in the first direction.
- the transfer electrode 57 is formed on the n ⁇ type semiconductor layer 37 and the n type semiconductor layer 38 via an insulating layer (not shown).
- the n ⁇ type semiconductor layer 37 and the n type semiconductor layer 38 are arranged adjacent to the n type semiconductor layer 36 in the first direction.
- the transfer electrode 57 is made of, for example, a polysilicon film.
- the transfer electrode 57 is supplied with a signal P1H from a control circuit (not shown).
- the shift register 9 is configured by the transfer electrode 57 and the n ⁇ -type semiconductor layer 37 and the n-type semiconductor layer 38 under the transfer electrode 57.
- the p + type semiconductor layer 40 electrically isolates the n type semiconductor layers 32, 33, 34, 36, and 38 and the n ⁇ type semiconductor layers 35 and 37 from other parts of the semiconductor substrate 30.
- Each of the insulating layers described above is made of a material that transmits light, for example, a silicon oxide film.
- the register 9) is preferably shielded from light by arranging a light shielding member or the like. Thereby, it is possible to prevent unnecessary charges from being generated.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the buffer gate unit 5.
- Each buffer gate portion 5 is disposed on the other short side of the planar shape of each photosensitive region 15. The charge generated in each photosensitive region 15 is transferred in the direction A in FIG. 3 and accumulated in the buffer gate unit 5.
- the buffer gate unit 5 includes the first buffer gate unit 5a and the second buffer gate unit 5b adjacent to the first buffer gate unit 5a in the first direction.
- An overflow gate (OFG) 19 is disposed adjacent to the buffer gate portion 5 in a direction crossing the first direction. Adjacent to the overflow gate 19 in a direction crossing the first direction, an overflow drain (OFD) 20 composed of a gate transistor is disposed.
- OFG overflow gate
- OFD overflow drain
- FIG. 4 is a timing chart of the signals MGL, MGH, BG1, BG2, TG, and P1H input to the electrodes 51 to 60 in the solid-state imaging device 1 according to the present embodiment.
- FIGS. 5A to 5C are potential diagrams for explaining the charge accumulation and discharge operations at times t1 to t3 in FIG.
- the potential in the semiconductor is higher in the n-type than in the p-type.
- the potential in the energy band diagram is downward in the positive direction
- the potential in the n-type semiconductor is deeper (higher) than the potential of the p-type semiconductor in the energy band diagram.
- the level is lowered.
- the potentials ⁇ 35 and ⁇ 36 of the n ⁇ type semiconductor layer 35 and the n type semiconductor layer 36 become deep, and a well of the potential ⁇ 36 is formed.
- the charges accumulated in the wells having the potentials ⁇ 33 and ⁇ 34 are transferred into the well having the potential ⁇ 36.
- a charge amount QL is accumulated in the potential ⁇ 36.
- the potentials ⁇ 35 and ⁇ 36 become shallow. As a result, wells having potentials ⁇ 33 and ⁇ 34 are formed.
- the signal P1H is at the H level at time t3
- the potentials ⁇ 37 and ⁇ 38 of the n ⁇ -type semiconductor layer 37 and the n-type semiconductor layer 38 become deep, and the wells of the potentials ⁇ 37 and ⁇ 38 are formed.
- the charge accumulated in the well of potential ⁇ 36 is transferred to the well of potential ⁇ 38.
- a charge amount QL is accumulated in the potential ⁇ 38.
- the charge having the charge amount QL is sequentially transferred in a direction intersecting the first direction during the charge transfer period TP, and output to the amplifier unit 23.
- a signal for transferring the charge amount QL in a direction crossing the first direction is given as the signal P1H.
- the electrode 53 and the electrode 54 of the buffer gate portion 5 are each given the predetermined potential that is increased in the charge transfer direction (the first direction).
- the potential formed below the electrode 54 has a height difference that increases stepwise in the charge transfer direction (the first direction). For this reason, the charges are controlled by this potential difference, and the transfer rate of charges in the buffer gate unit 5 is increased. Therefore, even if the length of the buffer gate portion 5 in the first direction is set to be long in order to increase the saturation charge amount, it is possible to prevent the charge transfer time in the buffer gate portion 5 from becoming long. As a result, it is possible to prevent the line rate from being lowered.
- the length of the buffer gate portion 5 in the charge transfer direction (the first direction) is set to 32 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a simulation result of electrical characteristics of the solid-state imaging device 1 when no potential difference is provided in the buffer gate unit 5, that is, when the buffer gate unit 5 is configured by one electrode.
- the horizontal axis is the distance in the first direction from the end face on the photoelectric conversion unit side of the buffer gate unit 5, the left vertical axis is the potential (potential), and the right vertical axis is the electric field.
- A has shown the change of the electric field C1 and the electric potential D1 along a 1st direction.
- the horizontal axis represents the distance in the first direction from the end face on the photoelectric conversion unit side of the buffer gate unit 5, and the vertical axis represents the transfer time.
- B) shows the charge transfer time T1 in the first direction in the buffer gate section 5. The time spent for the charge to transfer through the buffer gate unit 5 is the transition time F1.
- the electric field C1 in the first direction when the buffer gate portion 5 is composed of one electrode (when no potential difference is provided) is the weakest at the central portion of the buffer gate portion 5.
- the buffer gate unit 5 receives a fringing electric field from the electrode of the adjacent unit and the electric field C1 in the first direction is generated. You can get enough.
- the fringing electric field is weak in the central portion farthest from the adjacent electrode.
- the potential D1 changes rapidly in the vicinity of the adjacent electrode. In contrast, almost no change in the potential D1 at the center of the buffer gate portion 5 is observed. That is, there is no difference in potential.
- the transition time F1 in this case is about 0.8 ⁇ s as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a simulation result of the electrical characteristics of the solid-state imaging device 1 when a potential difference is provided in the buffer gate unit 5.
- (a) shows changes in the electric field C2 and the potential D2 along the first direction.
- (B) shows a charge transfer time T2 in the first direction in the buffer gate section 5, and a transition time F2 which is a time spent for the charge to transfer the buffer gate section 5. ing.
- the buffer gate portion 5 when the buffer gate portion 5 is constituted by two electrodes, a potential difference is provided in the central portion of the buffer gate portion 5 so that the potential D2 is deepened in a stepped manner.
- the transition time F2 is about 0.025 ⁇ s as shown in (b), which is about 1/40 shorter than the transition time F1.
- the electric charge accumulated in the buffer gate unit 5 is acquired by the transfer unit 7 and transferred in the first direction.
- the charges transferred from each transfer unit 7 are transferred and output by the shift register 9 in a direction crossing the first direction.
- the charges transferred from the plurality of photoelectric conversion units 3 are acquired by the shift register 9 and transferred in a direction crossing the first direction. Therefore, in the solid-state imaging device 1, it is not necessary to perform signal processing for obtaining a one-dimensional image again. As a result, complication of image processing can be prevented.
- an all reset gate (ARG) 21 and an all reset drain (AGD) 22 may be additionally provided.
- the all reset gate 21 and the all reset drain 22 are preferably juxtaposed on the other long side forming the planar shape of the photosensitive region 15, as shown in FIG. That is, the all reset gate 21 is juxtaposed adjacent to the photosensitive region 15 in the direction intersecting the first direction, and the all reset drain 22 is juxtaposed adjacent to the all reset gate 21 in the direction intersecting the first direction. It is preferable that
- the buffer gate unit 5 is composed of two stages of the first buffer gate part 5a and the second buffer gate part 5b, but the buffer gate part 5 is composed of three or more stages of different potentials. It may be configured. Even when the buffer gate unit 5 is configured with three or more stages, the potential may be increased along the first direction on the staircase. Also in this case, in each buffer gate portion 5, a difference in potential is generated that increases stepwise in the charge transfer direction (the first direction). For this reason, the charge is controlled by the potential difference (potential difference) and moves, and the transfer rate of the charge in the buffer gate unit 5 is increased.
- the buffer gate unit 5 may be formed of a so-called resistive gate like the potential gradient forming region 17 of the photoelectric conversion unit 3.
- a potential gradient corresponding to the electrical resistance component in the first direction of the electrode that is, a potential gradient increased along the first direction is formed.
- a potential level difference that gradually increases in the charge transfer direction (the first direction) occurs. For this reason, the charge is controlled by the potential difference (potential difference), and the charge transfer speed in the buffer gate unit 5 is increased.
- the present invention can be used as a light detection means of a spectroscope.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (2)
- 固体撮像装置であって、光入射に応じて電荷を発生し且つ平面形状が二つの長辺と二つの短辺とによって形作られる略矩形状を成す光感応領域と、前記光感応領域に対して前記光感応領域の平面形状を成す長辺に平行な所定の方向に沿って高くされた電位勾配を形成する電位勾配形成領域と、をそれぞれ有すると共に、前記所定の方向に交差する方向に沿うように併置された複数の光電変換部と、
前記光電変換部にそれぞれ対応し且つ前記光感応領域の平面形状を成す他方の短辺側に配置され、対応する光電変換部の光感応領域で発生した電荷を蓄積する複数の電荷蓄積部と、
前記複数の電荷蓄積部からそれぞれ転送された電荷を取得し、前記所定の方向に交差する前記方向に転送して出力する電荷出力部と、を備え、
前記電荷蓄積部は、前記所定の方向に沿って配置されると共に前記所定の方向に向かってポテンシャルを高くするように所定の電位がそれぞれ与えられる少なくとも二つのゲート電極を有する。 - 固体撮像装置であって、光入射に応じて電荷を発生し且つ平面形状が二つの長辺と二つの短辺とによって形作られる略矩形状を成す光感応領域と、前記光感応領域に対して前記光感応領域の平面形状を成す長辺に平行な所定の方向に沿って高くされた電位勾配を形成する電位勾配形成領域と、をそれぞれ有すると共に、前記所定の方向に交差する方向に沿うように併置された複数の光電変換部と、
前記光電変換部にそれぞれ対応し且つ前記光感応領域の平面形状を成す他方の短辺側に配置され、対応する光電変換部の光感応領域で発生した電荷を蓄積する複数の電荷蓄積部と、
前記複数の電荷蓄積部からそれぞれ転送された電荷を取得し、前記所定の方向に交差する前記方向に転送して出力する電荷出力部と、を備え、
前記電荷蓄積部は、前記所定の方向に沿って配置されると共に前記所定の方向に高くされる所定の電位がそれぞれ与えられる少なくとも二つのゲート電極を有する。
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| US13/977,987 US9419051B2 (en) | 2011-01-20 | 2011-10-31 | Solid-state imaging device |
| KR1020187008803A KR20180036793A (ko) | 2011-01-20 | 2011-10-31 | 고체 촬상 장치 |
| CN201180065655.1A CN103329271B (zh) | 2011-01-20 | 2011-10-31 | 固体摄像装置 |
| EP11856354.3A EP2667410B1 (en) | 2011-01-20 | 2011-10-31 | Solid-state imaging device |
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| JP2011010114A JP5680979B2 (ja) | 2011-01-20 | 2011-01-20 | 固体撮像装置 |
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| US (1) | US9419051B2 (ja) |
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| JP (1) | JP5680979B2 (ja) |
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| JP5452511B2 (ja) * | 2011-01-14 | 2014-03-26 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 固体撮像装置 |
| JP5680979B2 (ja) | 2011-01-20 | 2015-03-04 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 固体撮像装置 |
| JP6211898B2 (ja) | 2013-11-05 | 2017-10-11 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | リニアイメージセンサ |
| JP6348272B2 (ja) | 2013-11-05 | 2018-06-27 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 電荷結合素子及びその製造方法、並びに固体撮像装置 |
| JP6739891B2 (ja) * | 2014-09-01 | 2020-08-12 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 固体撮像装置 |
| JP6306989B2 (ja) * | 2014-09-09 | 2018-04-04 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 裏面入射型固体撮像装置 |
| WO2019037104A1 (zh) * | 2017-08-25 | 2019-02-28 | 深圳市汇顶科技股份有限公司 | 一种可形成电位能梯度的感光元件 |
| FR3071103B1 (fr) * | 2017-09-11 | 2019-10-04 | Continental Automotive France | Pixel photosensible et capteur d'image associe |
| US12159892B2 (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2024-12-03 | Tohoku University | Optical sensor and signal readout method thereof, optical area sensor and signal readout method thereof |
| JP6818075B2 (ja) * | 2019-04-08 | 2021-01-20 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 固体撮像装置 |
| KR102789680B1 (ko) | 2019-06-25 | 2025-04-01 | 에스케이하이닉스 주식회사 | 이미지 센서 |
| KR102709669B1 (ko) | 2019-07-01 | 2024-09-26 | 에스케이하이닉스 주식회사 | 픽셀 및 이를 포함하는 이미지 센서 |
| KR102668562B1 (ko) | 2019-07-24 | 2024-05-24 | 에스케이하이닉스 주식회사 | 메모리 시스템 및 그것의 동작 방법 |
| WO2021131397A1 (ja) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-07-01 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 光検出装置、及び光センサの駆動方法 |
| JP7602346B2 (ja) * | 2020-10-14 | 2024-12-18 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 光センサ |
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- 2011-10-31 US US13/977,987 patent/US9419051B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TWI553845B (zh) | 2016-10-11 |
| CN103329271A (zh) | 2013-09-25 |
| KR20180036793A (ko) | 2018-04-09 |
| KR102018923B1 (ko) | 2019-09-05 |
| KR20140015292A (ko) | 2014-02-06 |
| TW201232771A (en) | 2012-08-01 |
| EP2667410A4 (en) | 2017-09-06 |
| US9419051B2 (en) | 2016-08-16 |
| EP2667410A1 (en) | 2013-11-27 |
| EP2667410B1 (en) | 2021-09-01 |
| JP5680979B2 (ja) | 2015-03-04 |
| JP2012151364A (ja) | 2012-08-09 |
| CN103329271B (zh) | 2016-09-21 |
| US20130270609A1 (en) | 2013-10-17 |
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