WO2012069333A1 - Bauelemente in plattenform - Google Patents
Bauelemente in plattenform Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012069333A1 WO2012069333A1 PCT/EP2011/070072 EP2011070072W WO2012069333A1 WO 2012069333 A1 WO2012069333 A1 WO 2012069333A1 EP 2011070072 W EP2011070072 W EP 2011070072W WO 2012069333 A1 WO2012069333 A1 WO 2012069333A1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
- E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
- E04B2/8611—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with spacers being embedded in at least one form leaf
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/88—Insulating elements for both heat and sound
- E04B1/90—Insulating elements for both heat and sound slab-shaped
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
- E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
- E04B2/8635—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties attached to the inner faces of the forms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
- C04B2111/0062—Gypsum-paper board like materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00637—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as glue or binder for uniting building or structural materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00637—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as glue or binder for uniting building or structural materials
- C04B2111/00646—Masonry mortars
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/266—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension of base or substrate
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/269—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension including synthetic resin or polymer layer or component
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
- Y10T428/2852—Adhesive compositions
- Y10T428/2857—Adhesive compositions including metal or compound thereof or natural rubber
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31511—Of epoxy ether
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31786—Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31935—Ester, halide or nitrile of addition polymer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31938—Polymer of monoethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon
Definitions
- the invention relates to components and their use for the production of formwork and structures.
- cages made of steel mesh have been proposed, which may have the shape and dimensions of a wall, and whose enclosed interior is filled with insulating materials, such as polystyrene or polyurethane foam.
- insulating materials such as polystyrene or polyurethane foam.
- Such steel grid plates can be connected to each other via the steel mesh or hung on a frame.
- Surfaces and interspaces can be plastered and filled with shotcrete or mortar.
- the static properties of such components are limited.
- the task was to provide measures with which the insulating panels commonly used for the insulation of buildings can be used as formwork, whereby this formwork should remain in the building and the buildings thus obtained should have an improved thermal insulation.
- these measures should have an advantageous effect on the statics of the structures and can be flexibly adapted to any configuration of the structures in terms of shape, weight or usable materials.
- a flexible adaptation of the building 5 parts should be made possible to the requirements of the respective application site, such as water resistance, water vapor permeability or mechanical properties.
- low weight devices i. with low densities, so that the construction elements can easily be transported by persons even without aids, such as cranes.
- the invention relates to components obtainable by fixing reinforcement with adhesive on insulation boards,
- the adhesive comprises one or more mineral binders
- the reinforcement is partially, but not completely embedded in the adhesive.
- the insulation boards are generally based on organic or inorganic, natural or artificial insulation materials.
- artificial insulating materials are plastic materials, such as polystyrene, in particular expanded or extruded
- polystyrene, or polyurethane in particular polyurethane foams, mineral materials, in particular mineral fiber, mineral wool or mineral foams, or bitumen.
- Examples of natural, inorganic insulating materials are gypsum or cement based materials.
- Wood in particular in the form of wood boards, chipboard, plywood boards, wood fiberboard, plywood, OSB (Oriented Strand Board), grasses or stalks.
- Fibrous insulating materials such as mineral wool, wood fibers, wood shavings, grasses or stalks, are generally bound with mineral or organic binders and made into sheet form.
- the production of the insulation boards is known to the skilled person but. 5 insulation boards have a low thermal conductivity and are therefore suitable for thermal insulation, for example of buildings. In addition, the insulation boards have a sound-insulating effect.
- the thermal conductivity of the insulating boards is preferably 0.001 to 60 W / mK, more preferably 0.002 to 50 W / mK and most preferably 0.004 to 3 W / mK (determined according to DIN 18159T.1 for plastic materials, according to DIN 18165 for mineral materials, to DIN 52128 for bitumen, to DIN 18180 for gypsum-based systems, to DIN 18550 T3 or DIN 1045 for cement-based systems, to DIN 68705 for wood) .5
- the dimensions of the insulation boards can be arbitrary.
- the insulation boards generally have a width of 20 to 150 cm and a length of 50 to 500 cm.
- the thickness of the insulation boards is preferably 1 to 50 cm, more preferably 3 to 30 cm, and most preferably 5 to 20 cm.
- the density of the insulation boards is preferably 5 to 2500 kg / m 3 , more preferably 10 to 100 kg / m 3 , and most preferably 15 to 50 kg / m 3 .
- the insulating materials therefore preferably have a low density.
- the insulation boards may be laminated on their top and / or bottom with a cover material, such as with cardboard, paper, aluminum foil, bitumen, dispersion silicate paint or dimpled film.
- cover material such as with cardboard, paper, aluminum foil, bitumen, dispersion silicate paint or dimpled film.
- An example of this is plasterboard.
- a laminate generally comprises two or more insulating panels, which are mounted one on top of the other and fixed together.
- the fixing of the individual insulation boards of a laminate usually takes place by gluing, but can alternatively also be achieved by screwing or other fixing methods.
- a laminate comprises one or more gypsum board and one or more insulation boards based on insulating materials selected from the group consisting of expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene and mineral wool; or one or more polystyrene panels and one or more insulation panels based on insulation materials selected from the group consisting of wood wool and mineral wool.
- the reinforcement is generally based on organic materials, such as plastics, or inorganic materials, such as metals, in particular steel, or inorganic fibers, in particular carbon fiber or glass fibers.
- Metals are preferably in the form of wires, mesh mats or expanded meshes, which in turn form a three-dimensional, i. are not shaped purely planar profile.
- the metals preferably have a wavy or zigzag profile.
- the wires preferably have a diameter of 0.1 to 30 mm, more preferably 1 to 10 mm.
- Grid mats can be prepared for example by linking wires or wire mesh.
- Inorganic fibers are preferably in the form of nets or fabrics.
- plastics may be in the form of mesh mats or expanded metal meshes shaped as wavy or zigzag profiles, or in the form of nets or fabrics.
- Wires, lattice mats or expanded mesh therefore generally do not consist exclusively of substantially planar materials, such as linear wires or planar lattice mats or flat expanded laths.
- Suitable mineral binders are, for example, cement, in particular Portland cement, aluminate cement, in particular calcium sulfo-aluminate cement, trass cement, metallurgical cement, magnesia cement, phosphate cement or blastfurnace cement, as well as mixed cements, filling cements, fly ash, microsilica, granulated slag, hydrated lime, hydrated lime, calcium oxide (non-extinguished Lime) and gypsum. Portland cement, aluminate cement and cottage cement, as well as mixed cements, filler cements, hydrated lime, hydrated lime or gypsum, are preferred.
- the adhesives contain aluminate cement and one or more further mineral binders.
- aluminate cement Preferably, 0.01 to 99 parts by weight, particularly preferably 0.05 to 10 parts by weight and most preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of aluminate cement, based on the parts by weight of the other mineral binder used.
- aluminate cement leads to a particularly rapid drying of the adhesive and in combination with polymeric binders to a good adhesion of the adhesive on the insulation boards and the reinforcement, especially metals.
- the binders used are exclusively mineral binders, ie no polymeric binders.
- the adhesive come as binders exclusively polymeric binders, ie no mineral binder used. More preferably, however, the adhesives contain one or more mineral binders and one or more polymeric binders.
- Suitable polymeric binders are, for example, polyurethanes, polyesters, vinyl esters, polyepoxides or polyamides or preferably polymers based on ethylenically unsaturated monomers.
- the polymers based on ethylenically unsaturated monomers are based, for example, on one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers selected from the group comprising vinyl esters, (meth) acrylates, vinylaromatics, olefins, 1,3-dienes and vinyl halides and optionally other monomers copolymerizable therewith.
- Suitable vinyl esters are, for example, those of carboxylic acids having 1 to 15 C atoms. Preference is given to vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl 2-ethylhexanoate, vinyl acrylate, 1-methylvinyl acetate, vinyl pivalate and vinyl esters of cc-branched monocarboxylic acids having 9 to 11 C atoms, for example VeoVa9 R or VeoValO R (trade name of the company Resolu- tion). Particularly preferred is vinyl acetate.
- Suitable monomers from the group of acrylic acid esters or methacrylic esters are, for example, esters of unbranched or branched alcohols having 1 to 15 C atoms.
- Preferred methacrylic esters or acrylic esters are methyl acrylate,
- Particularly preferred are methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
- Preferred vinyl aromatic compounds are styrene, methylstyrene and vinyltoluene.
- Preferred vinyl halide is vinyl chloride.
- the preferred olefins are ethylene, propylene and the preferred dienes are 1- y- butadiene and isoprene.
- auxiliary monomers can be copolymerized from 0 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomer mixture.
- auxiliary monomers are ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids, preferably acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, fumaric acid and maleic acid; ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid amides and nitriles, preferably acrylamide and acrylonitrile; Mono- and diesters of fumaric acid and maleic acid, such as diethyl and diisopropyl esters and maleic anhydride; ethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acids or salts thereof, preferably vinylsulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid.
- precrosslinking comonomers such as multiply ethylenically unsaturated comonomers, for example diallyl phthalate, divinyl adipate, diallyl maleate, allyl methacrylate or triallyl cyanurate, or postcrosslinking comonomers, for example acrylamidoglycolic acid (AGA), methyl methacrylamidoglycolate (MAGME), N-methylolacrylamide (NMA), N-methylolmethacrylamide, N-methylolallylcarbamate, alkyl ethers, such as the isobutoxy ether or esters of N-methylolacrylamide, of N-methylolmethacrylamide and of N-methylolallylcarbamate.
- AGA acrylamidoglycolic acid
- MAGME methyl methacrylamidoglycolate
- NMA N-methylolacrylamide
- NMA N-methylolmethacrylamide
- alkyl ethers such as the isobut
- epoxide-functional comonomers such as glycidyl methacrylate and glycidyl acrylate.
- silicon-functional comonomers such as acryloxypropyltri (alkoxy) - and Methacryloxypropylri (alkoxy) silanes, Vinyltrialkoxysilane and Vinylmethyldialkoxysilane, wherein as alkoxy groups, for example, ethoxy and Ethoxypropylenglykol- ether radicals may be present.
- methacrylic acid and acrylic acid hydroxyalkyl esters such as hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl or hydroxybutyl acrylate or methacrylate
- compounds such as diacetoneacrylamide and acetylacetoxyethyl acrylate or methacrylate.
- One or more polymers are preferably selected from the group comprising vinyl ester homopolymers, vinyl ester Copolymers containing one or more monomer units from the group comprising vinyl esters, olefins, vinyl aromatics, vinyl halides, acrylates, methacrylates, fumaric and / or maleic mono- or diesters; (Meth) acrylic acid ester homopolymers, (meth) acrylic acid ester mixed polyisocyanates containing one or more monomer units from the group comprising methacrylic acid esters, acrylic esters, olefins, vinylaromatics, vinyl halides, fumaric and / or maleic acid mono- or diesters; Homo- or copolymers of dienes such as butadiene or isoprene, as well as olefins such as ethene or propene, wherein the dienes, for example, with styrene,
- (Meth) acrylic acid esters or the esters of fumaric or maleic acid may be copolymerized; Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylaromatics, such as styrene, methylstyrene, vinyltoluene; Homo- or copolymers of vinyl halide compounds such as vinyl chloride, wherein the polymers may also contain auxiliary monomers.
- copolymers of one or more vinyl esters with 1 to 50 wt .-% of ethylene are particularly preferred.
- Copolymers with one or more vinyl esters, 1 to 50% by weight of ethylene and 1 to 60% by weight of vinyl chloride; the polymers still having the abovementioned auxiliary may contain monomers in the amounts mentioned, and add the information in wt .-% to each 100 wt .-%.
- (meth) acrylic acid ester polymers such as copolymers of n-butyl acrylate or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate or copolymers of methyl methacrylate with n-butyl acrylate and / or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate; Styrene-acrylic acid ester copolymers with one or more monomers from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate; Vinyl acetate-acrylic acid ester copolymers with one or more monomers from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and optionally ethylene; Styrene -1, 3-butadiene copolymers; wherein the polymers can
- Examples of particularly preferred comonomers for vinyl chloride copolymers are .alpha.-olefins, such as ethylene or propylene, and / or vinyl esters, such as vinyl acetate, and / or acrylic acid esters or methacrylic acid esters of alcohols having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms, such as methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl acrylate, propyl methacrylate, n-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and / or fumaric and / or maleic acid mono- or diesters such as the dimethyl, methyl-t-butyl, di-n-butyl, di-t-butyl and diethyl esters of maleic acid or fumaric acid.
- copolymers with vinyl acetate and 5 to 50 wt .-% of ethylene or copolymers with vinyl acetate, 1 to 50% by weight of ethylene and 1 to 50% by weight of a vinyl ester of branched monocarboxylic acids having 9 to 11 C atoms; or copolymers having 30 to 75% by weight of vinyl acetate, 1 to 30% by weight of vinyl laurate or vinyl ester of an alpha-branched carboxylic acid having 9 to 11 carbon atoms, and 1 to 30% by weight of (meth) acrylic acid esters of unbranched or branched th alcohols having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, which still contain 1 to 40 wt -.% Ethyle; or copolymers with inyl acetate, 5 to 50 wt.
- copolymers are also vinyl chloride-ethylene copolymers containing 60 to 98 wt .-% vinyl chloride and 1 to 40 wt .-% ethylene units, wherein the data in wt .-% on the total weight of the copolymeric lymerisats relate and each add up to 100 wt .-%.
- vinyl chloride-ethylene copolymers are known from EP 0 149 098 A2.
- the onomer selection or the selection of the weight proportions of the comonomers is carried out in such a way that a glass transition temperature Tg of -50 ° C to + 30 ° C, preferably -40 ° C to + 10 ° C, particularly preferably -30 ° C to 0 ° C. results.
- the glass transition temperature Tg of the polymers can be determined in a known manner by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- Tgn the glass transition temperature in Kelvin of the homopolymer of the monomer n. Tg values for homopolymers are listed in Polymer Handbook 2nd Edition, J. Wiley & Sons, New York (1975).
- the preparation of the polymers based on ethylenically unsaturated monomers can be carried out by bulk or solution polymerization or preferably emulsion or suspension polymerization.
- the emulsion or suspension polymerization is generally carried out in an aqueous medium - as described, for example, in DE-A 102008043988.
- the polymers are obtained in the form of aqueous dispersions.
- the customary protective colloids and / or emulsifiers can be used, as described in DE-A 102008043988.
- the protective colloids may be anionic or preferably cationic or more preferably nonionic. Combinations of cationic and nonionic protective colloids are also preferred.
- Preferred nonionic protective colloids are polyvinyl alcohols.
- Preferred cationic protective colloids are polymers which carry one or more cationic fertilizers, as described for example in EW Flick, Water Premium Esins - Industrial Guide, Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, NJ, 1991.
- Partially hydrolyzed or fully saponified polyvinyl alcohols having a degree of hydrolysis of 80 to 100 mol%, in particular partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohols having a degree of hydrolysis of 80 to 94 mol% and a Höppler viscosity, in 4% strength aqueous solution of 1 to 30 are preferred as protective colloids mPas (method according to Hoppler at 20 ° C., DIN 53015)
- the stated protective colloids are obtainable by methods known to the person skilled in the art and are generally used in a total amount of from 1 to 20% by weight, based on the total weight of the monomers, added during the polymerization.
- the polymers in the form of aqueous dispersions can, as described in DE-A 102008043988, be converted into corresponding water-redispersible powders.
- a drying aid in a total amount of from 3 to 30% by weight, preferably from 5 to 20% by weight, based on the polymeric constituents of the dispersion, is used.
- the aforementioned polyvinyl alcohols are preferred.
- suitable fillers are quartz sand, quartz powder, limestone flour, calcium carbonate, dolomite, clay, chalk, hydrated lime, talc or mica, rubber granules or Hart vorll substances such as aluminum silicates, corundum, basalt, carbides such
- Silicon carbide or titanium carbide, or pozzolanic reactive fillers such as fly ash, metakaolin, microsilica, diatomaceous earth. Quartz sand, quartz powder, limestone powder, calcium carbonate, calcium magnesium carbonate (dolomite), chalk or hydrated lime hydrate are preferred as fillers.
- Light fillers are called fillers with low Bulk density, usually less than 500 g / 1.
- Typical lightweight fillers are, on a synthetic or natural basis, substances such as hollow glass microspheres, polymers such as polystyrene beads, aluminosilicates, silicon oxide, aluminum silicic acid oxide, calcium silicate hydrate, silica, aluminum silicate, magnesium silicate, aluminum hydrated silica, Calcium aluminum silicate, calcium silicate hydrate, aluminum iron magnesium silicate, calcium metasilicate and / or volcanic slag.
- the shape of the lightweight fillers is not limited and may in particular have a spherical, platelet, rod-shaped and / or lamellar structure.
- Preferred light fillers are Perlite, Cellite, Cabosil, Circosil, Eurocell, Fillite, Proraaxon, Vermex and / or Wollastonite and polystyrene. It is also possible to use any desired mixtures of the stated fillers. Preferred mixtures comprise at least two different fillers. Preferred blends contain one or more carbonaceous fillers and one or more further fillers. Carbonatic fillers are preferably selected from the group comprising calcium carbonate, chalk, dolomite and limestone. Preferred mixtures preferably contain from 5 to 60% by weight, more preferably from 10 to 50% by weight, and most preferably from 20 to 50% by weight of carbonaceous fillers, based on the total weight of the total fillers used. By using carbonaceous fillers, the mechanical strength of the adhesive can be increased.
- the fillers have diameters of preferably from 0.1 to 4 mm, more preferably from 1 to 2 mm, and most preferably from 1 to 1 mm. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the fillers do not comprise gravel. Gravel generally has a diameter of> 2 mm. Preferred formulations for the adhesives included
- the adhesives contain as an additive one or more tiling agents from the group comprising casein, lignosulfonates, melamine and polycarboxylate. Tiling agents are also known by the terms leveling agent or condenser. Tiling agents are preferably contained in the adhesives to 0.01 to 1 wt .-%, based on the dry weight of the adhesive. Such adhesives are also called
- Gradient mortar lead to components in which the reinforcements are particularly firmly connected to the insulation boards.
- the reinforcements are particularly firmly connected to the insulation boards.
- Adhesive as an additive one or more thickeners from the group comprising polysaccharides such as cellulose ethers and modified cellulose ethers, starch ethers, guar gum, xanthan gum, polycarboxylic acids such as polyacrylic acid and their partial esters, as well as polyvinyl alcohols, which may be acetalated or hydrophobically modified, casein and associative acting thickener.
- Thickening agents are preferably contained in the adhesives at 0.01 to 1% by weight, based on the dry weight of the adhesives.
- Such adhesives are also referred to as adhesive mortar.
- the adhesive mortars preferably contain 0.005 wt .-% tile, based on the dry weight of the adhesive mortar.
- a common additive for the adhesives are also one or more setting accelerators, such as alkali or alkaline earth salts or aluminum salts of inorganic or organic acids.
- Preferred setting accelerators are aluminum salts, aluminates, alkali metal silicates, such as, for example, glass, alkali carbonates or potassium hydroxide.
- Particularly preferred setting accelerators are aluminum sulfate, alkali metal aluminates such as potassium aluminate, aluminum hydroxides, potassium carbonate or sulfoalurainates such as, for example, calcium sulfoaluminate.
- Setting accelerators are contained in the adhesives preferably at 0 to 2 wt .-%, more preferably at 0.1 to 1 wt .-% and most preferably at 0.1 to 0.5 wt .-%, based on the dry weight of Glue.
- Typical additives for the adhesives are water repellents, such as fatty acids or their derivatives, such as esters, or silicones.
- Typical additives are also retarders, such as hydroxycarboxylic acids, or dicarboxylic acids or their salts, saccharides, oxalic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, gluconic acid, citric acid, sucrose, glucose, fructose, sorbitol, pentaerythritol.
- crosslinkers such as metal or semimetal oxides, in particular boric acid or polyborates, or dialdehydes, such as glutaric dialdehyde
- fibers such as keflar, viscose fibers, polyamide fibers, polyester fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers, dralon fibers, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, aramid fibers or carbon fibers.
- preservatives film-forming aids, dispersants, foam stabilizers, defoamers and flameproofing agents (eg aluminum hydroxide).
- the proportion of additives in the adhesives is in total 0 to 20% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 15% by weight and particularly preferably 0.1 to 10% by weight, in each case based on the dry weight of the adhesive.
- aqueous adhesives obtainable in this way preferably contain 10 to 90% by weight and more preferably 15 to 50% by weight of water, based on the dry weight of the adhesive.
- the adhesives are preferably premixed in the form of dry blends. Dry mixes preferably contain all Constituents of the respective recipe, except for water.
- the adhesives are therefore preferably one-component systems.
- the adhesives can also be used as two-component systems.
- the first component contains one or more aluminate cements, one or more polymeric binders, one or more fillers, optionally one or more additives, and optionally one or more additives, and water.
- the second component corresponds to the first component, with the difference that instead of
- Aluminatzement one or more other mineral binders are included.
- the proportions by weight of the individual constituents of the first component and of the second component fulfill the specifications of the above-mentioned formulation of the adhesive.
- the first component and the second component are used in a ratio of 1: 3 to 3: 1, based in each case on their dry masses.
- the first and second components can be mixed in common mixing equipment. After mixing the two components, the adhesive solidifies after a few seconds to minutes. Solidification of the adhesives can also be controlled by the use of setting accelerators.
- Two-component systems are also of particular advantage in the industrial production of the components if rapid setting or drying times of the adhesives and a continuous but interruptible process control is desired.
- Two-component systems are particularly useful when using leveling mortars, i. Tween-containing adhesive, preferably.
- the preparation of the adhesive is not bound to any particular procedure or mixing device.
- Adhesives are obtainable by mixing and homogenizing the individual constituents of the formulation in conventional powder mixing devices, for example by means of mortar, concrete mixers or plastering machines or stirrers.
- the polymeric binders can be used for example in the form of prefabricated dispersion adhesives, as they are available on the market.
- the polymers based on ethylenically unsaturated monomers are preferably used in the form of aqueous dispersions or particularly preferably in the form of water-redispersible powders.
- the dispersions have a solids content of preferably 1 to 80%, more preferably 5 to 70% and most preferably 10 to 60%.
- the adhesive and then the reinforcement can be applied to the insulation board.
- first the reinforcement can be laid out on the insulating board and then the adhesive can be applied.
- the adhesive is applied in the form of adhesive sheets or adhesive dots on one side of the insulation boards.
- the adhesives can also be introduced into recesses of the insulation boards. Recesses can be made by removing material from, for example, milled or cut out of the insulation panels, or by using a laminate in which the topmost layer does not completely cover the underlying layer or layers, so that the laminate has a laminate Recess contains.
- the application thickness of the adhesive is preferably 2 to 80 mm and more preferably 3 to 50 mm.
- the adhesive dots are preferably approximately circular and have diameters of preferably 20 to 200 mm.
- the adhesive sheets can be of any length.
- the adhesive sheets are preferably 20 to 200 mm wide.
- Adhesive sheets have an advantageous effect on the mechanical stability and the load capacity of the components or formwork from at the same time low weight of the components or Schalunge.
- the reinforcement projects preferably from 5 to 500 mm, more preferably from 50 to 300 mm, and most preferably from 100 to 200 mm out of the adhesive or the adhesive layer.
- the reinforcement is thus partially, but not completely embedded in the adhesive.
- the reinforcement protruding from the adhesive can serve to fasten various components.
- the application of the adhesive to the insulation boards is not bound to any special procedure and can be done, for example, manually or mechanically, for example using injection molding machines.
- the reinforcement After curing of the adhesive or after solidification of the adhesive by any drying the reinforcement is firmly connected to the insulation boards.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-section through the reinforcements (3) of the components.
- one or more coatings may be applied to the components, such as one or more plasters or paints.
- the coating is applied to the side of the insulating panel opposite the armored side of the components. It can be the reinforcement first the insulation boards are applied and then one or more coatings. Alternatively, one or more coatings can first be applied to the insulation boards and then the reinforcement.
- the design of the coatings is basically arbitrary and depends on the requirements of the components or the structures to be produced and can, for example, be adapted accordingly to the special requirements for interior or exterior walls.
- the requirements are, for example, compressive strengths, capillary water absorption, impact resistance or water vapor permeability.
- the adhesives described above can also be used as coating agents.
- the coating compositions are preferably applied in the form of the two-component systems described above. It is also possible to apply installations such as gas, water or sewage pipes, electrical lines or even hollow pipes to the building elements.
- Formwork can be obtained by arranging structural elements facing each other such that the sides of the structural elements are provided with reinforcement, and the building elements are connected to one another via the part of the reinforcement which is not completely embedded in the adhesive. In this way creates a cavity between the components.
- the components are arranged relative to one another in such a way that the reinforcements (profiles) formed as wavy lines or zigzag patterns approximate one another or preferably overlap one another.
- the components can be interconnected via the reinforcements in a particularly advantageous manner. be knotted.
- eyelets are formed, into which a plug element, for example a metal rod, preferably a substantially linear metal rod, can be inserted.
- the metal rod has a diameter of preference 5, 1 to 50 mm and more preferably from 1.5 to 20 mm.
- the length of the metal rod can vary, but usually depends on the dimensions of the insulation boards. In this way, the components are connected to one another in a technically particularly simple and efficient manner. A favorite
- Figure 2 shown.
- the two components of Figure 1 described above are so far approximated in Figure 2 that overlap the reinforcements (3) of the two components and form eyelets in this way, in each case
- Figure 2 is a cross section through the reinforcements (3) of the formwork.
- the reinforcements of various components 0 can also be hooked together in some other way.
- the linking of components can also take place via tongue and groove systems.
- the damage can be obtained by bonding at least two insulation boards by means of at least one reinforcement by fixing at least one reinforcement with adhesive on different insulation boards such that the reinforcement is partially, but not completely, embedded in the adhesive.
- formworks are obtained starting from insulating panels in one step.
- This approach is particularly preferred when using plastic materials or insulation materials in fiber form as reinforcements.
- Such insulating materials lead to collapsible or foldable formwork, which can then be unfolded again at a later time, for example for their application on the construction site. Folded components can be stored and transported more easily and efficiently.
- the formwork can be delivered prefabricated to the construction site or made on site at the construction site.
- the cavity located in the formwork between the building materials is filled.
- any precipitation material such as concrete, lightweight concrete or mortar, optionally in combination with lightweight fillers, can be used.
- filler can also be one or more of the precipitation material, such as concrete, lightweight concrete or mortar, optionally in combination with lightweight fillers, can be used.
- filler can also be one or more of the precipitation material, such as concrete, lightweight concrete or mortar, optionally in combination with lightweight fillers.
- filler can also be one or more
- Lightweight fillers preferred as filling material are expanded clay, expanded glass, pearlite, clay, loam, injection fillers, such as cellulose fibers or paper chips, or polymer-bound clay or loam.
- Lightweight fillers are used in particular for interior walls of buildings.
- the bulk densities of the filler materials are usually 10 0 to 2600 kg / m 3 , preferably 500 to 2600 kg / m 3 , more preferably 1500 to 2300 kg / m 3 and most preferably from 1800 to 2200 kg / m 3 .
- the bulk densities of the lightweight fillers are usually 10 to 2500 kg / m 3 and more preferably 100 to 1800 kg / m 3 .
- Lightweight materials lead to structures with particularly low weight and particularly high thermal insulation.
- the components or structures can be equipped with a low basis weight, such as preferably from 5 to 100 kg / m 2 , more preferably 5 to 50 kg / m 2 and most 0 preferably 10 to 25 kg / m 2 .
- the entire cavity of the formwork can be filled with filling material in one step.
- the cavity can also be filled with filler in several steps.5
- Approach is the formwork at
- the introduced filling material also improves the stability and statics of the formwork or structures.
- a screed can be fixed.
- common foam adhesive or mortar in particular leveling mortar are suitable.
- unevenness of the ground can be compensated.
- the formwork can be made prepared in the ground recesses or supported by means of laterally mounted braces or strips.
- Examples of buildings are walls, floors, ceilings or entire building constructions. Larger structures can be obtained by placing several formwork next to each other and filling them with filling material.
- the components or formwork are very stable to mechanical loads, so that the shuttering is not damaged by the introduction of the filling material for the production of the structures.
- the stability of the components can be increased by the combination of mineral binders and polymeric binders, in particular polymers based on ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Due to the low weight and ease of handling of the components according to the invention, the construction of buildings by a single person, even without the use of tools, such as cranes done. Furthermore, the components according to the invention are also accessible in an especially time and cost-efficient manner by industrial production methods.
- the structures of the invention are characterized by excellent insulation properties.
- the insulation boards used to make the formwork remain in the building ken.
- the statics of buildings can be adapted by appropriate installation of reinforcements to the respective structural requirements.
- the shape and dimensions of the structures can be configured on the shape, size and shape of the formwork in any way.
- Adhesive 1 leveling mortar, one-component:
- Adhesive 2 leveling mortar, two-component:
- Component A is a compound having Component A:
- Component B is a compound having Component B:
- Adhesive 3 adhesive mortar, one-component:
- Adhesive 4 adhesive mortar, one-component:
- silica sand H33 (0.063 - 0.5 mm)
- constituents of the respective formulation of adhesives 1, 3 or 4, except for water were homogeneously mixed in a conventional mixer by stirring under standard conditions according to DIN50014. Subsequently, the water was added and mixed homogeneously.
- adhesive 2 the components A and B were first prepared separately from each other in the manner described above and mixed with the specified amount of water. Subsequently, component A was mixed with component B.
- the respective adhesive 1 to 4 was applied under normal conditions to DIN50014 in a layer thickness of 5 mm evenly on a base area of each gypsum plasterboard (dimensions: 250 cm x 50 cm x 1.5 cm). Then, a wire mesh (mesh size of the wire mesh: 5 cm x 5 cm, diameter of the wire: 1.5 mm) having a zigzag profile was uniformly pressed into the adhesive layer until the wire mesh nudged the plasterboard. The wire mesh protruded about 8 cm from the adhesive layer.
- This structure essentially corresponds to the embodiment shown in FIG. To the respective set in Table 1 under normal conditions nac DIN50014 the adhesive had cured and completed the respective plasterboard component.
- EPS expanded polystyrene
- a linear metal rod (length: 250 cm, diameter: 2 mm) was inserted in the vertical direction as a plug-in element.
- three more linear metal bars were installed in an analogous way parallel to this first metal bar.
- the gypsum board component was connected to the EPS component and a formwork made.
- the cavity between the two components was about 16 cm.
- the basis weight of the formwork was 11.3 kg / m 2 .
- the filling material used for the formwork was a concrete of the following formulation:
- melamine sulfonate 0.75% by weight of melamine sulfonate (flow agent); In% by weight refers to cement.
- the concrete thus obtained was filled in the cavity of the above formwork, so that the entire cavity was filled. After 28 days storage at 20 ° C and 50% relative humidity (dry storage), the concrete had hardened and completed the building.
- the tensile strength of the reinforcement on the insulation panels of the EPS components was determined in accordance with the European standard ETAG 004 following the storage specified in Table 1.
- the breakout of the reinforcement from the components was determined according to the European standard ETAG 004 following the storage specified in Table 1.
- the compressive strength was determined on the basis of prisms (40 mm ⁇ 40 mm ⁇ 160 mm) of the adhesive after 28 days of storage under standard conditions according to DIN EN 206-1 following the storage specified in Table 1.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11791487.9A EP2643531A1 (de) | 2010-11-26 | 2011-11-14 | Bauelemente in plattenform |
| BR112013012997A BR112013012997A2 (pt) | 2010-11-26 | 2011-11-14 | elementos de construção em forma de painel |
| CN2011800570419A CN103228850A (zh) | 2010-11-26 | 2011-11-14 | 板形建筑元件 |
| US13/989,490 US20130295378A1 (en) | 2010-11-26 | 2011-11-14 | Panel-shaped construction elements |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010062061.0 | 2010-11-26 | ||
| DE201010062061 DE102010062061A1 (de) | 2010-11-26 | 2010-11-26 | Bauelemente in Plattenform |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2012069333A1 true WO2012069333A1 (de) | 2012-05-31 |
Family
ID=45099053
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2011/070072 Ceased WO2012069333A1 (de) | 2010-11-26 | 2011-11-14 | Bauelemente in plattenform |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US20130295378A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2643531A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN103228850A (de) |
| BR (1) | BR112013012997A2 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102010062061A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2012069333A1 (de) |
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2010
- 2010-11-26 DE DE201010062061 patent/DE102010062061A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2011
- 2011-11-14 CN CN2011800570419A patent/CN103228850A/zh active Pending
- 2011-11-14 WO PCT/EP2011/070072 patent/WO2012069333A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2011-11-14 BR BR112013012997A patent/BR112013012997A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-11-14 US US13/989,490 patent/US20130295378A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-11-14 EP EP11791487.9A patent/EP2643531A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20130295378A1 (en) | 2013-11-07 |
| BR112013012997A2 (pt) | 2016-09-13 |
| EP2643531A1 (de) | 2013-10-02 |
| DE102010062061A1 (de) | 2012-05-31 |
| CN103228850A (zh) | 2013-07-31 |
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