WO2011111638A1 - 生産性の高いイソプロピルアルコール生産細菌 - Google Patents
生産性の高いイソプロピルアルコール生産細菌 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011111638A1 WO2011111638A1 PCT/JP2011/055142 JP2011055142W WO2011111638A1 WO 2011111638 A1 WO2011111638 A1 WO 2011111638A1 JP 2011055142 W JP2011055142 W JP 2011055142W WO 2011111638 A1 WO2011111638 A1 WO 2011111638A1
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- isopropyl alcohol
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- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
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- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/70—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for E. coli
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
- C12N9/0006—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on CH-OH groups as donors (1.1)
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
- C12N9/0012—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7)
- C12N9/0036—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7) acting on NADH or NADPH (1.6)
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/10—Transferases (2.)
- C12N9/1025—Acyltransferases (2.3)
- C12N9/1029—Acyltransferases (2.3) transferring groups other than amino-acyl groups (2.3.1)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an isopropyl alcohol-producing bacterium and an isopropyl alcohol production method using the bacterium.
- Propylene is an important basic raw material for synthetic resins such as polypropylene and petrochemical products, and is widely used in automotive bumpers, food containers, films, medical equipment, and so on.
- Isopropyl alcohol produced from plant-derived materials is promising as a carbon-neutral propylene material because it can be converted to propylene through a dehydration step.
- it is obliged to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 5% compared to 1990 levels throughout the developed countries between 2008 and 2012 according to the Kyoto Protocol.
- Carbon neutral propylene is extremely important for the global environment due to its versatility. It is.
- isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli since the raw material of isopropyl alcohol is glucose, all of a large number of compounds obtained by glycolysis and catabolism can be by-products. On the other hand, since these compounds may be essential substances for the growth of E. coli, the amount of glucose consumed by these side reactions cannot be completely suppressed. Therefore, in order to minimize by-products and increase the production rate of isopropyl alcohol, it is necessary to maximize the flow of metabolism to isopropyl alcohol while taking into account all metabolic reactions that occur in E. coli. Various techniques have been proposed from the viewpoint of production.
- Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 77 (6), pp. 1219-1224 (2008) discloses Escherichia coli that produces isopropyl alcohol by introducing genes of thiolase, CoA-transferase, acetoacetate decarboxylase, and primary-secondary alcohol dehydrogenase.
- the ability of this bacterium is described as a production rate of 0.6 g / L / hr, a yield of 51%, and an accumulation amount of 13.6 g / L.
- isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase, secondary alcohol dehydrogenase, primary-secondary alcohol dehydrogenase and 2-propyl alcohol dehydrogenase are enzymes that catalyze the same reaction with different names, such as CoA transferase, acetoacetyl CoA transferase, acetyl CoA: acetate CoA -Transferases and CoA-transferases are enzymes that catalyze the same reaction with different names.
- acetoacetate decarboxylase and acetoacetate decarboxylase are enzymes that catalyze the same reaction with different names
- thiolase and acetyl CoA acetyltransferase are enzymes that catalyze the same reaction with different names. Therefore, although the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli according to these documents has various productivity differences, the enzyme used to produce isopropyl alcohol is acetoacetate deoxygenate described in International Publication No. 2009/008377. These are the same four types of carboxylase, isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase, CoA transferase, and thiolase, and conventionally, these four types of enzymes have been studied for the purpose of improving productivity and yield.
- An object of the present invention is to provide Escherichia coli that can produce isopropyl alcohol quickly and with high yield, and a method for producing isopropyl alcohol using the Escherichia coli.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli and the isopropyl alcohol production method of the present invention are as follows.
- [1] In Escherichia coli equipped with an isopropyl alcohol production system, from the group consisting of enhanced malate dehydrogenase activity, enhanced NAD (P) + transhydrogenase (AB-specific) activity, and enhanced thiolase activity Isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli having at least one selected enhanced enzyme activity.
- [3] The isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli according to [1], wherein the enhanced enzyme activity includes the enhanced malate dehydrogenase activity and the enhanced thiolase activity.
- [4] The isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli according to [1], wherein the enhanced enzyme activity includes the enhanced malate dehydrogenase activity and the enhanced NAD (P) + transhydrogenase (AB-specific) activity.
- [5] The isopropyl according to [1], wherein the enhanced enzyme activity is the enhanced malate dehydrogenase activity and the enhanced NAD (P) + transhydrogenase (AB-specific) activity and the enhanced thiolase activity. Alcohol producing E. coli.
- Isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli according to any one of the above.
- the isopropyl alcohol production system is constructed by the acetoacetate decarboxylase, isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase, CoA transferase, and thiolase enzyme genes, and each enzyme gene is independently a Clostridium bacterium,
- the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli according to any one of [1] to [8], which is derived from at least one prokaryotic organism selected from the group consisting of Bacillus bacteria and Escherichia bacteria.
- the acetoacetate decarboxylase activity is derived from a gene encoding an enzyme derived from Clostridium acetobutylicum
- the isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity is derived from a gene encoding an enzyme derived from Clostridium beigerinki.
- the CoA transferase activity, thiolase activity, malate dehydrogenase activity and NAD (P) + transhydrogenase (AB specific) activity are derived from genes encoding each enzyme derived from Escherichia coli [1] to [1]-[ [8] The isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli according to any one of [8].
- a method for producing isopropyl alcohol comprising producing isopropyl alcohol from a plant-derived material using the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli according to any one of [1] to [11].
- the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli of the present invention has an isopropyl alcohol production system, and has enhanced malate dehydrogenase activity, enhanced NAD (P) + transhydrogenase (AB-specific) activity, and enhanced thiolase activity.
- the present invention is an enzyme involved in the activity of malate dehydrogenase, one of the enzymes in the glucose metabolic pathway, and the redox of NADH and NADP +.
- a certain NAD (P) + transhydrogenase (AB-specific) activity and / or thiolase activity which is one of the isopropyl alcohol production systems, the production rate of isopropyl alcohol, which is a product of the E. coli, is increased. It has been found that the yield is improved.
- enhancement of “activity” or “ability” in the present invention broadly means that various enzyme activities in isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli before the enhancement increase after the enhancement. There are no particular limitations on the method of strengthening as long as the activities of various enzymes inherent in isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli increase. An enhancement or a combination thereof may be mentioned.
- a gene encoding an enzyme having a higher activity than the host-derived enzyme is introduced into the cell body from outside the host bacterial cell and introduced.
- the enzyme activity of the enzyme gene generated is added or the enzyme activity of the host-derived enzyme gene is replaced with the enzyme activity of the introduced enzyme gene, the number of host-derived enzyme genes or enzyme genes from outside the cell body It can be increased to 2 or more, or a combination thereof.
- enhancement of the expression of enzyme genes in the cells can be achieved by introducing a base sequence that enhances the expression of the enzyme genes into the cells from outside the host cells. Enhancing the expression of the enzyme gene by substituting the promoter of the enzyme gene with another promoter, or a combination thereof can be mentioned.
- “host” means the E. coli that becomes the isopropyl alcohol-producing E. coli of the present invention as a result of introduction of one or more genes from outside the cell.
- process is not limited to an independent process, and even if it cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes, the term “process” is used as long as the intended effect of this process is achieved. included.
- a numerical range indicated by using “to” indicates a range including the numerical values described before and after “to” as the minimum value and the maximum value, respectively. The present invention will be described below.
- the malate dehydrogenase in the present invention is classified into enzyme number 1.1.1.40 based on the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, from L-malate to pyruvate and CO. It refers to the generic name of enzymes that catalyze reactions that produce 2 .
- Tritrichomonas genus protozoa such as Tritrichomonas vaginalis
- Rhizobium bacteria such as Rhizobium meliloti
- Sulfolobus bacteria such as Sulfolobus dataricus
- Corynebacterium bacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum
- Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli
- Sinorhizobium meliloti etc.
- those derived from bacteria of the genus Sinorhizobium are examples of the genus Sinorhizobium.
- the malate dehydrogenase gene used in the present invention includes a DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding malate dehydrogenase obtained from each of the above-mentioned organisms or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence.
- Preferable examples include those derived from prokaryotic organisms such as Rhizobium bacterium, Sulfolobus bacterium, Corynebacterium bacterium, Escherichia bacterium or Sinorhizobium bacterium, and the base sequence of a gene derived from Escherichia coli is particularly preferable. It has DNA.
- NAD (P) + transhydrogenase (AB specific) in the present invention is classified into enzyme number 1.6.1.2 according to the report of the International Biochemical Union (IUB) enzyme committee, The generic name of the enzyme that catalyzes the following reaction.
- NADPH + NAD + ⁇ NADP + + NADH NADPH + NAD + ⁇ NADP + + NADH
- NADP is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NADPH is a reduced form thereof.
- NADH is nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NADH refers to its reduced form.
- NAD (P) + transhydrogenase examples include Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Rhobacter bacteria such as Rhobacter sphaeroides, Rhobacter genus bacteria such as Rhodobacter capsulatus, and Klebs.
- the NAD (P) + transhydrogenase (AB-specific) gene used in the present invention includes the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding NAD (P) + transhydrogenase (AB-specific) obtained from each of the aforementioned derived organisms. A synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the DNA possessed or a known base sequence thereof can be used.
- Suitable examples include those derived from prokaryotes such as Escherichia bacteria, Rhodobacter bacteria, Klebsiella bacteria, and the like, for example, DNA having the base sequence of Escherichia coli gene. Particularly preferred is DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from Escherichia coli.
- the thiolase in the present invention is classified into enzyme number 2.3.1.9 based on the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, and a reaction for producing acetoacetyl CoA from acetyl CoA.
- This is a general term for enzymes that catalyze.
- Clostridium acetobutylicum Clostridium acetobutylicum
- Clostridium beijerinkii Clostridium beijerinkii
- Clostridium beijerinckii genus Clostridium spp.
- Escherichia coli Escherichia coli sp.
- Bacteria, Zogroa bacteria such as Zoogloea ramigera, Rhizobium sp. Bacteria, Bradyrizobium japonicum, etc. (Candida tropicali ), Caulobacter crecentus, etc., Streptomyces collinus, Streptomyces genus, Enterococcus faecalis, etc. Can be mentioned.
- thiolase gene used in the present invention it is possible to use a DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding a thiolase obtained from each of the aforementioned derived organisms or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence. it can.
- Clostridium bacteria such as Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium beigerinki
- Escherichia bacteria such as Escherichia coli
- Halobacteria species Zogroa bacteria such as Zugroa lamigera, Rhizobium species bacteria, Brady Rhizobium japonicam and other bradyrizobium bacteria, Candida tropicalis and other Candida bacteria
- Caulobacter and Clecentus and other Caulobacter bacteria Streptomyces and Corinus and other Streptomyces bacteria and Enterococcus faecalis
- DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from Enterococcus bacteria such as.
- More preferable examples include those derived from prokaryotes such as Clostridium bacteria or Escherichia bacteria, and particularly preferred is DNA having a nucleotide sequence of a gene derived from Clostridium acetobutylicum or Escherichia coli. .
- the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli of the present invention has at least one enzyme activity among the enhanced enzyme activities obtained by increasing the above three kinds of enzyme activities.
- the thiolase activity is also an enzyme that constitutes one of the isopropyl alcohol production systems described later. Therefore, when included as a target for the enhanced enzyme activity of this Escherichia coli, the thiolase activity is further enhanced. It needs to be. Examples of such enhancement include, as described above, enhancing expression of a gene encoding thiolase on a plasmid or genome, increasing the copy number of a thiolase gene, or a combination thereof.
- the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli in the present invention is an Escherichia coli equipped with an isopropyl alcohol production system and refers to an Escherichia coli having an isopropyl alcohol production ability introduced or modified by genetic recombination.
- Such an isopropyl alcohol production system may be any system as long as the target Escherichia coli produces isopropyl alcohol.
- the enzyme activity involved in the production of isopropyl alcohol can be enhanced.
- the four types of enzyme activities of acetoacetate decarboxylase activity, isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity, CoA transferase activity, and thiolase activity described above are imparted from outside the cell or enhanced in the cell. Or it is still more preferable that both of these are made.
- the term “by genetic recombination” means that a change in the base sequence is caused by the insertion of another DNA into the base sequence of the native gene, or the substitution, deletion or combination of a part of the gene. Anything may be included, for example, it may be obtained as a result of mutation.
- the acetoacetate decarboxylase in the present invention is classified into enzyme number 4.1.1.4 based on the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, and produces acetone from acetoacetate.
- the generic name of the enzyme that catalyzes As such, for example, Clostridium acetobutylicum (Clostridium acetobutylicum), Clostridium beijerinkii (Clostridium beijerinckii) and other Clostridium genus bacteria, Bacillus polymyxa (Bacillus polymyxa) and other bacteria such as Bacillus polymyxa.
- the gene of acetoacetate decarboxylase introduced into the host bacterium of the present invention is synthesized based on DNA having the base sequence of the gene encoding acetoacetate decarboxylase obtained from each of the above-mentioned organisms or a known base sequence thereof.
- the synthesized synthetic DNA sequence can be used.
- Preferable examples include those derived from Clostridium bacteria or Bacillus bacteria, and examples thereof include DNA having a nucleotide sequence of a gene derived from Clostridium acetobutylicum or Bacillus polymixa. Particularly preferred is DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from Clostridium acetobutylicum.
- the isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase in the present invention is classified into enzyme number 1.1.1.180 according to the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, and a reaction for producing isopropyl alcohol from acetone. This is a general term for enzymes that catalyze. As such a thing, the thing derived from Clostridium bacteria, such as Clostridium beijerinkii (Clostridium beijerinckii), is mentioned, for example.
- the isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene introduced into the host bacterium of the present invention was synthesized based on DNA having the base sequence of the gene encoding isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase obtained from each of the above-mentioned derived organisms or a known base sequence thereof. Synthetic DNA sequences can be utilized. Preferable examples include those derived from Clostridium bacteria, for example, DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from Clostridium begerinki.
- the CoA transferase in the present invention is classified into enzyme number 2.8.3.8 based on the report of the International Biochemical Union (I.U.B.) Enzyme Committee, and generates acetoacetate from acetoacetyl CoA.
- the generic name of the enzyme that catalyzes As such, for example, Clostridium acetobutylicum (Clostridium acetobutylicum), Clostridium beijerinkii (Clostridium beijerinkiii) and other Clostridium bacteria, Roseburia intestinalis (Roseburia intestinalis) bacteria, Faucaribacterium prasnitzii and other bacteria, Coprococcus genus, Trypanosoma brucei Trypanosoma, Escherichia coli and other Escherichia coli They include those derived from.
- a DNA having a base sequence of a gene encoding a CoA transferase obtained from each of the above-described organisms or a synthetic DNA sequence synthesized based on the known base sequence is used. be able to.
- Suitable examples include Clostridium bacteria such as Clostridium acetobutylicum, Roseburia bacteria such as Roseburia intestinalis, Facalibacteria bacteria such as Fakaribacterium plausents, Coprococcus bacteria, Trypanosoma brucei, etc.
- DNA having the base sequence of a gene derived from a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia such as Trypanosoma cerevisiae and Escherichia coli is exemplified. More preferable examples include those derived from Clostridium bacteria or Escherichia bacteria, and particularly preferred is DNA having a base sequence of a gene derived from Clostridium acetobutylicum or Escherichia coli.
- the thiolase used for the production of isopropyl alcohol in the present invention is classified into enzyme number 2.3.1.9 based on the report of the International Biochemical Union (IUB) enzyme committee.
- the generic term for enzymes that catalyze the reaction of producing acetoacetyl CoA from acetyl CoA As for matters relating to such a thiolase, the matters described above are applied as they are.
- the four types of enzymes are preferably derived from at least one selected from the group consisting of Clostridium bacteria, Bacillus bacteria, and Escherichia bacteria, from the viewpoint of enzyme activity.
- the acetic acid decarboxylase and isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase are derived from Clostridium bacteria and the CoA transferase activity and the thiolase activity are derived from Escherichia bacteria, and these four types of enzymes are all derived from Clostridium bacteria. preferable.
- the four types of enzymes according to the present invention are preferably derived from any one of Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium beijurinki or Escherichia coli, and acetoacetate decarboxylase is derived from Clostridium acetobutylicum.
- the CoA transferase and the thiolase are each an enzyme derived from Clostridium acetobutylicum or Escherichia coli
- the isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase is an enzyme derived from Clostridium begerinki
- the above four types of enzymes are: From the viewpoint of enzyme activity, the acetoacetate decarboxylase activity is derived from Clostridium acetobutylicum, Genaze activity is derived from Clostridium beijerinckii, and particularly preferably CoA transferase activity and thiolase activity is derived from Escherichia coli.
- pIPA / B strain or pIaaa / B strain described in WO2009 / 008377 can be exemplified as an example of isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli having an isopropyl alcohol production system including thiolase activity.
- the Escherichia coli is enhanced by enhancing the expression of each gene on the genome of the Escherichia coli to enhance CoA transferase activity and thiolase activity.
- Enhancement of acetate decarboxylase activity includes strains in which expression of each gene is enhanced with a plasmid (sometimes referred to as pIa / B :: toDAB strain).
- the enhanced enzyme activity preferably includes enhanced malate dehydrogenase activity from the viewpoint of more effectively improving isopropyl alcohol productivity. More preferably, enhanced malate dehydrogenase activity and enhanced thiolase activity are included, or enhanced malate dehydrogenase activity and enhanced NAD (P) + transhydrogenase (AB specific) activity are included. Most preferably, it has both enhanced malate dehydrogenase activity and enhanced NAD (P) + transhydrogenase (AB specific) activity and enhanced thiolase activity.
- the pIPA / B strain, pIaa / B strain or pIa / B :: atoDAB strain is added to malate dehydrogenase activity or malate dehydrogenase activity in addition to NAD (P).
- + Strains with enhanced transhydrogenase (AB specific) and / or thiolase activity is added to malate dehydrogenase activity or malate dehydrogenase activity in addition to NAD (P).
- + Strains with enhanced transhydrogenase (AB specific) and / or thiolase activity may be enhanced expression of the gene encoding thiolase both on the plasmid and on the genome.
- NAD (P) + transhydrogenase (AB specific) is added to the pIPA / B strain, pIaa / B strain or pIa / B :: atoDAB strain.
- thiolase activity may be enhanced in expression of the gene encoding thiolase both on the plasmid and on the genome.
- malate dehydrogenase activity NAD (P) + transhydrogenase (AB-specific) activity and thiolase activity were simultaneously enhanced in the pIPA / B strain, pIaa / B strain or pIa / B :: atoDAB strain. Is a stock.
- the thiolase activity may be enhanced in expression of the gene encoding thiolase both on the plasmid and on the genome.
- the most preferred embodiment is a strain in which malate dehydrogenase activity, NAD (P) + transhydrogenase (AB-specific) activity and thiolase activity are simultaneously enhanced in the above or pIa / B :: atoDAB strain.
- the thiolase activity may be enhanced expression of the gene encoding thiolase both on the plasmid and on the genome.
- the promoter of the gene in the present invention is not limited as long as it can control the expression of any of the above genes, but it is a strong promoter that constantly functions in microorganisms and is suppressed in the presence of glucose.
- Specific examples of such promoters include glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (hereinafter sometimes referred to as GAPDH) promoter and serine hydroxymethyltransferase promoter.
- GAPDH glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- serine hydroxymethyltransferase promoter serine hydroxymethyltransferase promoter.
- the promoter in the present invention means a site where RNA polymerase having sigma factor binds and initiates transcription.
- the GAPDH promoter derived from Escherichia coli is represented by base numbers 397 to 440 in the base sequence information of GenBank accession number X02662.
- the CoA transferase gene (atoD and atoA) derived from E. coli and the thiolase gene (atoB) form an operon on the E. coli genome in the order of atoD, atoA, and atoB (Journal of Baceteriology Vol. 169 pp 42-52 Lauren Sallus Jenkins et al.) It is possible to simultaneously control the expression of the CoA transferase gene and the thiolase gene by modifying the promoter of atoD. Therefore, when the CoA transferase activity and the thiolase activity are obtained from the genome gene of host E.
- the promoter responsible for the expression of both enzyme genes is compared with other promoters from the viewpoint of obtaining sufficient isopropyl alcohol production ability. It is preferable to enhance the expression of both enzyme genes by substitution or the like.
- Examples of the promoter used for enhancing the expression of CoA transferase activity and thiolase activity include the aforementioned Escherichia coli-derived GAPDH promoter.
- the activity of these enzymes in the present invention is determined by introducing the enzyme gene by enhancing the promoter activity of the enzyme gene introduced into the bacterial body from the outside of the bacterial body or by replacing it with another promoter. It can be expressed strongly.
- the introduction of the enzyme activity can be carried out, for example, by introducing a gene encoding the enzyme from outside the host bacterial cell into the bacterial cell using a gene recombination technique. At this time, the introduced enzyme gene may be the same or different from the host cell.
- Preparation of genomic DNA necessary for introducing genes from outside the cell into the cell DNA cleavage and ligation, transformation, PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), design of oligonucleotides used as primers, synthesis, etc. This can be done by conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art. These methods are described in Sambrook, J., et al., “Molecular Cloning A Laboratory Manual, Second Edition”, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, (1989).
- E. coli with enhanced enzyme activity refers to E. coli with enhanced enzyme activity by some method.
- These Escherichia coli for example, introduce a gene encoding the enzyme and protein by using a gene recombination technique similar to that described above from outside the cell body using a plasmid, or the host E. coli is placed on the genome.
- the enzyme gene can be produced by a method such as enhancing the promoter activity of the enzyme gene possessed or by strongly expressing the enzyme gene by replacing it with another promoter.
- Escherichia coli originally refers to E. coli that can have the ability to produce isopropyl alcohol from plant-derived materials by using any means, regardless of whether or not it has the ability to produce isopropyl alcohol from plant-derived materials. means.
- the Escherichia coli to be subjected to the gene recombination may not have isopropyl alcohol-producing ability, and any Escherichia coli may be used as long as introduction and modification of each of the genes described above are possible. . More preferably, it can be Escherichia coli preliminarily provided with the ability to produce isopropyl alcohol, whereby isopropyl alcohol can be produced more efficiently.
- isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli for example, acetoacetic acid decarboxylase activity, isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity, CoA transferase activity, and thiolase activity described in WO2009 / 008377 pamphlet are imparted, and isopropyl alcohol is obtained from plant-derived materials. Examples include isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli that can be produced.
- the isopropyl alcohol production method of the present invention includes producing isopropyl alcohol from a plant-derived material using the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli, that is, contacting the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli with a plant-derived material, It includes a culturing step and a recovery step of recovering isopropyl alcohol obtained by contact.
- the plant-derived material used in the above isopropyl alcohol production method is a carbon source obtained from a plant, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a plant-derived material.
- it refers to organs such as roots, stems, trunks, branches, leaves, flowers, seeds, plants containing them, degradation products of these plant organs, and further from plant bodies, plant organs, or degradation products thereof.
- the obtained carbon sources those that can be used as a carbon source in culture by microorganisms are also included in plant-derived materials.
- Carbon sources included in such plant-derived materials generally include sugars such as starch, sucrose, glucose, fructose, xylose, arabinose, or herbaceous degradation products containing a large amount of these components, cellulose hydrolysates. Or a combination thereof, and also glycerin or fatty acid derived from vegetable oil may be included in the carbon source in the present invention.
- Examples of plant-derived materials in the present invention can preferably include crops such as cereals, corn, rice, wheat, soybeans, sugar cane, beet, cotton, etc., or a combination thereof, There are no particular restrictions on raw products, juice, pulverized products, and the like. Moreover, the form of only the above-mentioned carbon source may be sufficient.
- the contact between the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli and the plant-derived material in the culturing step is performed by culturing the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli in a medium containing the plant-derived material.
- the contact density between the plant-derived material and isopropyl alcohol-producing E. coli varies depending on the activity of the isopropyl alcohol-producing E. coli, but in general, the initial sugar concentration in terms of glucose relative to the total mass of the mixture as the concentration of the plant-derived material in the medium. From the viewpoint of E. coli sugar resistance, the initial sugar concentration can be preferably 15 mass% or less. Each of these other components may be added in an amount usually added to the microorganism medium, and is not particularly limited.
- the content of isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli in the medium varies depending on the type and activity of the Escherichia coli.
- the initial bacterial concentration is from 0.1% by mass to 30% by mass with respect to the culture solution, from the viewpoint of controlling culture conditions. Preferably, it can be 1 to 10% by mass.
- a medium used for culturing isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli a commonly used medium containing organic trace elements, nucleic acids, vitamins, etc. required by microorganisms to produce carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic ions, and lactic acid. If there is no restriction in particular.
- the culture conditions are not particularly limited.
- the pH is 4 to 9, preferably 6 to 8, and the temperature is 20 ° C. to 50 ° C., preferably 25 ° C. to 42 ° C. under aerobic conditions. And culturing while appropriately controlling the temperature.
- the amount of gas flow into the mixture is not particularly limited. However, when only air is used as the gas, generally 0.02 vvm to 2.0 vvm (vvm; aeration capacity [mL] / liquid capacity [mL] ] / Hour [minute]), and from the viewpoint of suppressing physical damage to E. coli, it is preferably performed at 0.1 vvm to 2.0 vvm.
- the culture process can be continued from the start of culture until the plant-derived raw material in the mixture is consumed or until the activity of the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli ceases.
- the period of the culturing step varies depending on the number and activity of isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli in the mixture and the amount of plant-derived raw material, but is generally 1 hour or longer, preferably 4 hours or longer.
- the culture period can be continued indefinitely. From the viewpoint of treatment efficiency, it is generally 5 days or less, preferably 72 hours or less. it can. For other conditions, the conditions used for normal culture may be applied as they are.
- the method for recovering the isopropyl alcohol accumulated in the culture solution is not particularly limited.
- the isopropyl alcohol is separated by a conventional separation method such as distillation or membrane separation. Can be used.
- the method for producing isopropyl alcohol of the present invention includes a pre-culture step for bringing the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli to be used into an appropriate number of cells or an appropriate active state before the culture step for producing isopropyl alcohol. May be.
- the pre-culture process may be a culture under the culture conditions normally used according to the type of isopropyl alcohol-producing bacterium.
- the isopropyl alcohol production method of the present invention is preferably produced by culturing the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli while supplying gas into the mixture containing the isopropyl alcohol-producing bacteria and the plant-derived raw material, and the culture.
- the produced E. coli is cultured while supplying gas to the mixture (aeration culture).
- the produced isopropyl alcohol is released into the mixture and evaporated from the mixture.
- the produced isopropyl alcohol can be easily separated from the mixture.
- separates continuously from a mixture, the raise of the density
- E._coli is just to use the basic medium generally used for culture
- the above-mentioned matters are applied as they are.
- isopropyl alcohol produced in the culture step and separated from the mixture is recovered.
- Any recovery method may be used as long as it can collect gaseous or droplets of isopropyl alcohol evaporated from the mixture by normal culture. Examples of such a method include storing in a commonly used collection member such as a sealed container, etc. Among them, from the viewpoint that only isopropyl alcohol can be recovered with high purity, capturing for capturing isopropyl alcohol. It preferably includes contacting the liquid with isopropyl alcohol separated from the mixture.
- isopropyl alcohol can be recovered as a form dissolved in a capture solution or mixture.
- a recovery method include the method described in International Publication No. 2009/008377.
- the recovered isopropyl alcohol can be confirmed using ordinary detection means such as HPLC.
- the recovered isopropyl alcohol can be further purified as necessary. Examples of such a purification method include distillation.
- the isopropyl alcohol production method may further include a dehydration step in addition to the recovery step. Isopropyl alcohol can be dehydrated by a conventional method.
- FIG. 1 of International Publication No. 2009/008377 As an apparatus applicable to the production method of isopropyl alcohol which can be recovered as a form dissolved in a capture liquid or a mixture, for example, a production apparatus shown in FIG. 1 of International Publication No. 2009/008377 can be given.
- an infusion tube for injecting gas from the outside of the apparatus is connected to a culture tank in which a culture medium containing isopropyl alcohol-producing bacteria and plant-derived raw materials is contained, and aeration can be performed on the culture medium.
- the trap tank in which the trap liquid as a capture liquid is accommodated is connected to the culture tank via a connecting tube. At this time, the gas or liquid moved to the trap tank comes into contact with the trap liquid and bubbling occurs.
- cultivation in a culture tank is evaporated by aeration, is easily isolate
- isopropyl alcohol can be continuously and conveniently produced in a more purified form.
- isopropyl alcohol can be produced quickly, and the production rate normally obtained by the same method is higher than that in the case where the present invention is not applied.
- the production rate can be 0.7 to 2.0 g / L / hr, preferably 0.9 to 1.9 g / L / hr, depending on the conditions of the production method and the state of the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli used. .
- isopropyl alcohol can be produced
- the yield may be 51 to 80%, preferably 51 to 66% at the end of the culturing step, depending on the conditions of the production method and the state of the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli used.
- the yield indicates a conversion rate based on a stoichiometric formula in which glucose as a substrate is converted into isopropyl alcohol as a metabolite.
- the isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli of the present invention can produce isopropyl alcohol quickly and in high yield, for example, when isopropyl alcohol is produced using the Escherichia coli catalyst of the present invention, the culture time is 72 hours. Thus, 97 g / L or more of isopropyl alcohol can be accumulated, and much higher productivity can be obtained as compared with conventional catalysts.
- Example 1 ⁇ [B :: pntA] Production of Escherichia coli B strain pnt genome enhanced strain> The pntA gene promoter on the genome of the Escherichia coli B strain was replaced with the GAPDH promoter to enhance the expression of the pntA gene.
- pntA NAD + transhydrogenase (AB-specific) ⁇ subunit of Escherichia coli
- pntB membrane transhydrogenase ⁇ subunit
- GAPDH The glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (hereinafter referred to as GAPDH) derived from Escherichia coli described in 397-440 in the base sequence information of GenBank accession number X02662 as the base sequence of the promoter necessary for expressing the above gene Promoter sequences) may be used.
- GAPDH promoter the genomic DNA of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain was used as a template, and cgctcaattgcaatgattgaccacattttccg (SEQ ID NO: 1) and agagaattcgctattttgttgtgattagagt (SEQ ID NO: 2) were obtained by the PCR method.
- a DNA fragment encoding the GAPDH promoter of about 100 bp was obtained by digestion with EcoRI.
- the obtained DNA fragment was mixed with plasmid pUC19 (GenBank accession number X02514) digested with restriction enzyme EcoRI and further treated with alkaline phosphatase, and ligase was used for ligation, followed by Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain competent cell ( Toyobo Co., Ltd. DNA-903) was transformed to obtain a transformant that grew on an LB agar plate containing 50 ⁇ g / mL of ampicillin. 10 colonies obtained were cultured overnight in LB liquid medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL of ampicillin at 37 ° C.
- pUCgapP The obtained pUCgapP was digested with restriction enzymes EcoRI and HindIII.
- Escherichia coli MG1655 strain genomic DNA was used as a template to obtain gcacaattgctgggtggaacatatgcgaattggcataccaag (SEQ ID NO: 3), and ggaagagttattatttttttgcgagattat PCR. Digestion with MfeI and HindIII gave a pntA fragment of about 1.6 kbp. This DNA fragment was mixed with pUCgapP previously digested with restriction enzymes EcoRI and HindIII, ligated with ligase, transformed into Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain competent cell (Toyobo Co., Ltd.
- Escherichia coli MG1655 strain can be obtained from the American Type Culture Collection.
- a primer of SEQ ID NO: 4 prepared based on the sequence information of ggtctagagcaatgagtgaacgagtccg (SEQ ID NO: 7) prepared based on the sequence information of the GAPDH promoter of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain and pntA of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain was used. Then, PCR was performed using the expression vector pGAPpntA prepared earlier as a template to obtain a DNA fragment of about 1.7 kbp consisting of the GAPDH promoter and pntA. This DNA fragment was treated with restriction enzymes XbaI and HindIII.
- the DNA fragment in the vicinity of the pntA5 ′ obtained as described above, and the DNA fragment consisting of the GAPDH promoter and pntA were converted into a temperature sensitive plasmid pTH18cs1 (GenBank accession number AB019610) [Hashimoto-Gotoh, T., Gene, 241, 185-191 (2000 )] was mixed with a DNA fragment obtained by digestion with KpnI and HindIII, ligated with ligase, transformed into DH5 ⁇ strain, and grown on an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol at 30 ° C. A transformant was obtained. The obtained colony was cultured overnight at 30 ° C.
- This plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli B strain (ATCC11303) and cultured overnight on an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol at 30 ° C. to obtain a transformant.
- the obtained transformant was inoculated into an LB liquid medium containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol and cultured at 30 ° C. overnight.
- the obtained cultured cells were applied to an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol and cultured at 42 ° C. to obtain colonies.
- the obtained colonies were cultured in an LB liquid medium not containing antibiotics at 30 ° C. for 4 hours, and applied to an LB agar plate not containing antibiotics to obtain colonies that grew at 42 ° C.
- B strain pntA-deleted GAPppntA genome insertion strain (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as B :: pnt strain).
- the Escherichia coli B strain (ATCC 11303) can be obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, which is a cell / microorganism / gene bank.
- Example 2 ⁇ [PGAP-Iaaa / B :: pnt] Escherichia into which Escherichia coli-derived thiolase gene, Escherichia coli-derived CoA transferase gene, Clostridium bacterium acetoacetate decarboxylase gene, Clostridium bacterium-derived isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene expression vector were introduced ⁇ Cori B strain pnt genome enhancement strain> Isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli with enhanced expression of NAD (P) + transhydrogenase (AB specific) gene (pnt) was prepared as follows.
- the pGAP-Iaaa / B :: pnt strain was obtained by transforming pGAP-Iaaa described in Example 4 of WO2009 / 008377 into the B :: pnt strain prepared in Example 1.
- pGAP-Iaaa refers to Escherichia coli-derived thiolase gene, Escherichia coli-derived CoA transferase gene, Clostridium acetobutylicum-derived acetoacetate decarboxylase gene, and Clostridium begerinki-derived isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene, and Escherichia coli-derived glyceraldehyde.
- the entire base sequence of the genomic DNA of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain is known (GenBank accession number U00096), and the gene encoding the CoA transferase ⁇ subunit of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain (hereinafter sometimes atoD) may be used. Base sequences have also been reported. That is, atoD is described in 232469-4232131 of the genome sequence of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain described in GenBank accession number U00096.
- the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) derived from Escherichia coli described in 397-440 in the base sequence information of GenBank accession number X02662 Can be used.
- GAPDH glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- the genomic DNA of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain was used as a template, and cgctcaattgcaatgattgaccacattttccg (SEQ ID NO: 1) and agagaattcgctattttgttgtgattagagt (SEQ ID NO: 2) were obtained by the PCR method.
- a DNA fragment encoding the GAPDH promoter of about 100 bp was obtained by digestion with EcoRI.
- the obtained DNA fragment was mixed with plasmid pUC19 (GenBank accession number X02514) digested with restriction enzyme EcoRI and further treated with alkaline phosphatase, and ligase was used for ligation, followed by Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain competent cell ( Toyobo Co., Ltd. DNA-903) was transformed to obtain a transformant that grew on an LB agar plate containing 50 ⁇ g / mL of ampicillin. 10 colonies obtained were cultured overnight in LB liquid medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL of ampicillin at 37 ° C.
- the plasmid was recovered, and the GAPDH promoter was not excised when digested with restriction enzymes EcoRI and KpnI. Furthermore, the DNA sequence was confirmed and the GAPDH promoter correctly inserted was designated as pUCgapP.
- the obtained pUCgapP was digested with restriction enzymes EcoRI and KpnI.
- the genomic DNA of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain was used as a template to obtain cgaattcgctgggtggagaatatatgaaaaaaaatgacatatacaagac (SEQ ID NO: 8), and the gcggtactttatttttgtctctgtggtDNA restriction fragment was obtained using the gcggtactttattttgtctctgtgtgt Digestion with EcoRI and KpnI yielded an approximately 690 bp atoD fragment.
- This DNA fragment was mixed with pUCgapP previously digested with restriction enzymes EcoRI and KpnI, ligated with ligase, transformed into Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain competent cell (Toyobo Co., Ltd. DNA-903), and ampicillin. A transformant that grew on an LB agar plate containing 50 ⁇ g / mL was obtained. A plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells, and it was confirmed that atoD was correctly inserted. This plasmid was named pGAPatoD. Escherichia coli MG1655 strain can be obtained from the American Type Culture Collection.
- Escherichia coli MG1655 strain using the gctctagagtgctgaaatccacttagttttgtc (SEQ ID NO: 10) and tactgcaggtgtccaccttattaccacc (SEQ ID NO: 11) as a template, was performed to amplify a DNA fragment of about 1.1 kbp.
- a primer of SEQ ID NO: 9 prepared on the basis of the sequence information of ggtctagagcaatgagtgaacgagtccg (SEQ ID NO: 12) produced based on the sequence information of the GAPDH promoter of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain and atoD of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain was used. Then, PCR was performed using the expression vector pGAPatoD prepared earlier as a template to obtain a DNA fragment of about 790 bp consisting of the GAPDH promoter and atoD.
- the fragments obtained above were digested with restriction enzymes PstI and XbaI, XbaI and KpnI, respectively, and this fragment was digested with temperature sensitive plasmid pTH18cs1 (GenBank accession number AB019610) [Hashimoto-Gotoh, T., Gene, 241, 185- 191 (2000)] was mixed with a fragment obtained by digesting with PstI and KpnI, ligated with ligase, transformed into DH5 ⁇ strain, and applied to an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol at 30 ° C. A transformant that grows in The obtained colony was cultured overnight at 30 ° C.
- the obtained DNA fragment was mixed with the fragment obtained by digesting pBRgapP (described in Example 4 of WO2009 / 008377) with restriction enzymes SphI and BamHI, ligated using ligase, and then Escherichia Coli DH5 ⁇ strain competent cells (Toyobo Co., Ltd. DNA-903) were transformed to obtain transformants that grew on LB agar plates containing ampicillin 50 ⁇ g / mL. The obtained colony was cultured overnight at 37 ° C. in an LB liquid medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL of ampicillin, and the plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells to confirm that IPAdh was correctly inserted. -It was named IPAdh.
- acetoacetate decarboxylase gene (adcs), using the genomic DNA of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824 the template, Shieishitishijieijijishitijijitijijieieishieitieitijititieieieiggatgaagtaattaaacaaattagc (SEQ ID NO: 15), and amplified by PCR method by Jijieieititishijijitieishishijitishijieishitishitieijieijijieitishititieishititaagataatcatatataacttcagc (SEQ ID NO: 16), resulting The DNA fragment was digested with restriction enzymes XhoI and EcoRI to obtain an acetoacetate decarboxylase fragment of about 700 bp.
- the obtained DNA fragment was mixed with the fragment obtained by digesting the previously prepared plasmid pGAP-IPAdh with the restriction enzymes XhoI and EcoRI, ligated using ligase, and then Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain competent cell (Toyobo Co., Ltd. DNA-903) was transformed to obtain a transformant that grew on an LB agar plate containing 50 ⁇ g / mL of ampicillin.
- the obtained colonies were cultured overnight at 37 ° C. in an LB liquid medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL of ampicillin, and the plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells to confirm that adc was correctly inserted.
- -It was named Ia.
- Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B-593 can be obtained from VTT Culture Collection, a cell / microbe bank.
- Example 5 ⁇ [PGAP-Ia-gapP-atoB] Construction of acetoacetate decarboxylase gene from Clostridium bacteria, isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene from Clostridium bacteria and thiolase gene expression vector derived from Escherichia coli>
- the entire base sequence of the genomic DNA of Escherichia coli B strain is known (GenBank accession number CP000819), and the base sequence of the gene (atoB) encoding Escherichia coli thiolase (acetyl CoAC-acetyltransferase) has also been reported. (GenBank accession number U08465).
- oligonucleotide primers shown in cgggattccttaattcaaccgtttcaatcac SEQ ID NO: 17
- ttccatagaaaaattgtgtcatcgtc SEQ ID NO: 18
- the primer of SEQ ID NO: 17 has an NdeII recognition site on the 5 ′ end side
- the primer of SEQ ID NO: 18 has a BamHI recognition site on the 5 ′ end side.
- AtoB fragment a DNA fragment of about 1.2 kb (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an atoB fragment).
- the atoB fragment was separated and collected by agarose electrophoresis, and digested with NdeI and BamHI.
- This digested fragment was mixed with the NdeI and BamHI digests of pBRgap, reacted with T4 DNA ligase, transformed into Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ competent cell (manufactured by Toyobo), and LB containing ampicillin 50 ⁇ g / ml. A transformant that grew on an agar plate at 37 ° C. was obtained. The obtained colony was cultured overnight in an LB liquid medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL of ampicillin at 37 ° C., and the plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells to confirm that atoB was correctly inserted. It was named pGAP-atoB.
- the obtained plasmid pGAP-atoB was digested with BglII and BamHI, and a fragment containing the GAPDH promoter and atoB was separated and collected by agarose electrophoresis, and this fragment was designated as gapP-atoB.
- This fragment gapP-atoB was mixed with the fragment obtained by digesting the plasmid pGAP-Ia prepared in Example 4 with the restriction enzyme BamHI, ligated with ligase, and then Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain competent cell. (Toyobo Co., Ltd. DNA-903) was transformed to obtain a transformant that grows on an LB agar plate containing 50 ⁇ g / mL of ampicillin.
- the obtained colonies were cultured overnight at 37 ° C. in an LB liquid medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL of ampicillin, and the plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells to confirm that gapP-atoB was correctly inserted.
- the plasmid was named pGAP-Ia-gapP-atoB.
- Example 6 ⁇ [PGAP-Ia-gapP-atoB / B :: toDAB strain]
- Isopropyl alcohol producing Escherichia coli pGAP-Ia-gapP-atoB / B :: toDAB strain was obtained.
- Example 7 ⁇ [PGAP-Ia-maeB] Construction of acetoacetate decarboxylase gene from Clostridium bacteria, isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene from Clostridium bacteria, and malate dehydrogenase gene expression vector from Escherichia coli>
- the genomic DNA of Escherichia coli B strain ATCC11303
- cgggatccccgagaaaagtcatatagtataaaaaaag SEQ ID NO: 19
- gctctagatagtggtggt PCR method The resulting DNA fragment was digested with restriction enzymes BamHI and XbaI to obtain a malate dehydrogenase fragment of about 2300 bp.
- the obtained DNA fragment was mixed with the fragment obtained by digesting the plasmid pGAP-Ia prepared in Example 4 with restriction enzymes XbaI and BamHI, ligated with ligase, and then Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain
- Tent cells (Toyobo Co., Ltd. DNA-903) were transformed to obtain transformants that grew on LB agar plates containing ampicillin 50 ⁇ g / mL.
- the obtained colony was cultured overnight in an LB liquid medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL of ampicillin at 37 ° C., and the plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells to confirm that the malate dehydrogenase gene was correctly inserted.
- This plasmid was designated as pGAP-Ia-maeB.
- Example 8 ⁇ [PGAP-Ia-maeB / B :: toDAB Strain] Production of Escherichia coli B strain atoDAB genome-enhanced strain into which pGAP-Ia-maeB has been introduced> PGAP-Ia-maeB described in Example 7 above was transformed into the B :: atoDAB strain prepared in Example 3 to produce an isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli pGAP- with enhanced expression of the malate dehydrogenase gene (maeB) Ia-maeB / B :: toDAB strain was obtained.
- maeB malate dehydrogenase gene
- Example 9 ⁇ [PGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoB] Construction of acetoacetate decarboxylase gene from Clostridium bacteria, isopropyl alcohol dehydrogenase gene from Clostridium bacteria, malate dehydrogenase gene from Escherichia coli and thiolase gene expression vector from Escherichia coli > The fragment obtained by digesting the plasmid pGAP-Ia-maeB prepared in Example 7 above with the restriction enzyme BamHI and the DNA fragment gapP-atoB obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 were mixed and ligated using ligase.
- Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain competent cells (Toyobo Co., Ltd., DNA-903) were transformed to obtain transformants that grew on LB agar plates containing ampicillin 50 ⁇ g / mL.
- the obtained colony was cultured overnight at 37 ° C. in an LB liquid medium containing 50 ⁇ g / mL of ampicillin, and the plasmid was recovered from the obtained bacterial cells to confirm that gapP-atoB was correctly inserted.
- pGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoB was named pGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoB.
- Example 10 ⁇ [PGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoB / B :: toDAB strain] Production of Escherichia coli B strain atoDAB genome-enhanced strain into which pGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoB is introduced> PGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoB described in Example 9 above was transformed into the B :: atoDAB strain prepared in Example 3, and malate dehydrogenase gene (maeB) and thiolase gene (atoB) An isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli pGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoB / B :: toDAB strain with enhanced expression of both was obtained.
- maeB malate dehydrogenase gene
- atoB thiolase gene
- Example 11 ⁇ [B :: atoDAB :: pnt] Production of Escherichia coli B strain atoDAB and pnt genome-enhanced strain>
- a B :: atoDAB strain prepared in Example 3 was obtained by introducing a DNA fragment in the vicinity of the pntA5 'region and a DNA fragment consisting of the GAPDH promoter and pntA into the temperature sensitive plasmid pTH18cs1 obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. And cultured overnight on an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol at 30 ° C. to obtain a transformant.
- the obtained transformant was inoculated into an LB liquid medium containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol and cultured at 30 ° C. overnight.
- the obtained cultured cells were applied to an LB agar plate containing 10 ⁇ g / ml of chloramphenicol and cultured at 42 ° C. to obtain colonies.
- the obtained colonies were cultured in an LB liquid medium not containing antibiotics at 30 ° C. for 2 hours, and applied to an LB agar plate not containing antibiotics to obtain colonies that grew at 42 ° C.
- B. atoD deletion GAPpatoDGAPppntA genome insertion strain (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as B :: atoDAB :: pnt strain).
- Example 12 ⁇ [PGAP-Ia-maeB / B :: toDAB :: pnt] Production of Escherichia coli B strain atoD-deleted GAPpatDGAPppntA genome insertion strain into which pGAP-Ia-maeB has been introduced> PGAP-Ia-maeB described in Example 7 was transformed into the B :: atoDAB :: pnt strain prepared in Example 11, and malate dehydrogenase gene (maeB) and NAD (P) + transhydrogenase ( An isopropyl alcohol producing E. coli pGAP-Ia-maeB / B :: atoDAB :: pnt with enhanced expression of both (AB specific) gene (pnt) was obtained.
- PGAP-Ia-maeB / B :: toDAB :: pnt Production of Escherichia coli B strain atoD-d
- Example 13 ⁇ [PGAP-Ia-gapP-atoB / B :: atoDAB :: pnt]
- PGAP-Ia-gapP-atoB described in Example 5 is transformed into the B :: atoDAB :: pnt strain prepared in Example 11 to enhance the expression of the thiolase gene (atoB) in both plasmid and genome And isopropyl alcohol producing Escherichia coli pGAP-Ia-gapP-atoB / B :: atoDAB :: pnt with enhanced expression of NAD (P) + transhydrogenase (AB-specific) gene (pnt).
- Example 14 ⁇ [PGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoB / B :: atoDAB :: pnt strain] Production of Escherichia coli B strain atoDAB and pntA genome-enhanced strain into which pGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoB is introduced> PGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoB described in Example 9 above was transformed into the B :: atoDAB :: pnt strain prepared in Example 11, and malate dehydrogenase gene (maeB) and NAD (P + Isopropyl alcohol producing E.
- maeB malate dehydrogenase gene
- NAD P + Isopropyl alcohol producing E.
- coli pGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoB / with enhanced expression of the transhydrogenase (AB specific) gene (pnt) and further enhanced expression of the thiolase gene (atoB) in both plasmid and genome B :: atoDAB :: pnt strain was obtained.
- a 45 wt / wt% aqueous glucose solution was added at a flow rate of 20 g / L / hour.
- a measured value is a total value in the culture solution after culture
- the numerical values in Table 1 represent g / L, and the symbols in FIG. 1 are as follows: Black circle: pGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoB / B :: toDAB :: pnt strain, Black square: pGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoB / B :: atoDAB strain Shiromaru; pGAP-Ia-maeB / B :: atoDAB strain, White triangle; pGAP-Ia-gapP-atoB / B :: toDAB strain, Open squares; pGAP-Iaaa / B :: pnt strain, ⁇ ; pGAP-Iaaa / B strain, White diamond; pGAP-Ia-maeB / B :: atoDAB :: pnt strain, Black diamond; pGAP-Ia-gapP-ato
- pntA strain strains that have been imparted with both thiolase gene (atoB) expression and genome enhancement (pGAP-Ia-gapP-atoB / B :: toDAB strain), malate dehydrogenase gene (maeB) All of the strains with enhanced expression only (pGAP-Ia-maeB / B :: atoDAB strain) showed higher productivity than conventional isopropyl alcohol-producing Escherichia coli, and the accumulated amounts were about 1.7 times, It became about 2.0 times and about 2.1 times.
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Abstract
Description
植物由来原料から製造されたイソプロピルアルコールは、脱水工程を経てプロピレンに変換できることから、カーボンニュートラルなプロピレンの原料として有望である。京都議定書によって2008年から2012年の間に先進国全体で二酸化炭素排出量を1990年比で5%削減することが義務付けられている現在、カーボンニュートラルなプロピレンはその汎用性から地球環境上極めて重要である。
例えば、国際公開2009/023493号パンフレットには、大腸菌による1,4-ブタンジオールの生産において、該大腸菌が保有するリンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子又はリンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子とトランスヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子を同時に破壊することで収率が上がると記載されている。
更に、国際公開2009/111672号パンフレットには、酵母によるドデカノールの生産において、該酵母が保有するアセトアルデヒド-CoAデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子とD-乳酸デヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子とリンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子を同時に破壊することが生産性向上に効果があると記載されている。
本発明は、イソプロピルアルコールを、速く且つ高い収率で生産できる大腸菌及び該大腸菌を用いたイソプロピルアルコール生産方法を提供することを目的とする。
〔2〕 前記強化酵素活性が、前記強化されたリンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ活性を含む[1]記載のイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌。
〔3〕前記強化酵素活性が、前記強化されたリンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ活性及び前記強化されたチオラーゼ活性を含む[1]記載のイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌。
〔4〕 前記強化酵素活性が、前記強化されたリンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ活性及び前記強化されたNAD(P)+トランスヒドロゲナーゼ(AB特異的)活性を含む[1]記載のイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌。
〔5〕 前記強化酵素活性が、前記強化されたリンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ活性及び前記強化されたNAD(P)+トランスヒドロゲナーゼ(AB特異的)活性及び前記強化されたチオラーゼ活性である[1]記載のイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌。
〔6〕 前記強化酵素活性が、菌体外から導入にされた酵素遺伝子による強化及び菌体内の酵素遺伝子の発現増強による強化の少なくとも一方に由来するものである[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載のイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌。
〔7〕 前記強化酵素活性が、宿主大腸菌のゲノム上の強化及びプラスミド導入による強化の少なくとも一方に由来するものである[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載のイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌。
〔8〕 前記強化酵素活性が、エシェリヒア属細菌由来の各酵素をコードする遺伝子に由来するものである[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載のイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌。
〔9〕 前記イソプロピルアルコール生産系が、アセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼ、イソプロピルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ、CoAトランスフェラーゼ、及びチオラーゼの各酵素遺伝子により構築されたものである[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載のイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌。
〔10〕 前記イソプロピルアルコール生産系が、前記アセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼ、イソプロピルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ、CoAトランスフェラーゼ及びチオラーゼの各酵素遺伝子により構築されたものであり、かつ各酵素遺伝子が、それぞれ独立に、クロストリジウム属細菌、バチルス属細菌及びエシェリヒア属細菌からなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の原核生物に由来するものである[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載のイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌。
〔11〕 前記アセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼ活性が、クロストリジウム・アセトブチリカム由来の酵素をコードする遺伝子に由来するものであり、前記イソプロピルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ活性がクロストリジウム・ベイジェリンキ由来の酵素をコードする遺伝子に由来するものであり、前記CoAトランスフェラーゼ活性、チオラーゼ活性、リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ活性及びNAD(P)+トランスヒドロゲナーゼ(AB特異的)活性がエシェリヒア・コリ由来の各酵素をコードする遺伝子に由来するものである[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載のイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌。
〔12〕 [1]~[11]のいずれかに記載のイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌を用いて植物由来原料からイソプロピルアルコールを生産することを含むイソプロピルアルコール生産方法。
本発明のイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌では、上記の3種の酵素活性のうちの少なくとも1つの強化酵素活性を備えているため、イソプロピルアルコールを速く且つ高い収率で生産することができる。
強化の方法としては、イソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌が本来有している各種酵素の活性が高まれば、特に制限はなく、菌体外から導入された酵素遺伝子による強化、菌体内の酵素遺伝子の発現増強による強化又はこれらの組み合わせを挙げることができる。
菌体内の酵素遺伝子の発現増強による強化としては、具体的には、酵素遺伝子の発現を増強する塩基配列を宿主細菌の菌体外から菌体内に導入すること、宿主細菌がゲノム上に保有する酵素遺伝子のプロモーターを他のプロモーターと置換することによって酵素遺伝子の発現を強化させること、又はこれらの組み合わせを挙げることができる。
本発明において「宿主」とは、ひとつ以上の遺伝子の菌体外からの導入を受けた結果、本発明のイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌となる当該大腸菌を意味する。
本明細書において「~」を用いて示された数値範囲は、「~」の前後に記載される数値をそれぞれ最小値及び最大値として含む範囲を示す。
以下に、本発明について説明する。
そのようなものとしては、例えば、Tritrichomonas vaginalis等のTritrichomonas属原虫、Rhizobium meliloti 等のRhizobium細菌、Sulfolobus fataricus等のSulfolobus細菌、Corynebacterium glutamicum等のCorynebacterium属細菌、Escherichia coli等のEscherichia属細菌、Sinorhizobium meliloti等のSinorhizobium属細菌由来のものが挙げられる。
NADPH + NAD+ ⇔NADP+ + NADH
ここで、NADPとはニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチドリン酸(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)であり、NADPHとはその還元型を指す。また、NADとはニコチンアミドアデニンジヌクレオチド(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)であり、NADHとはその還元型を指す。
本発明において用いられるNAD(P)+トランスヒドロゲナーゼ(AB特異的)の遺伝子としては、上述した各由来生物から得られるNAD(P)+トランスヒドロゲナーゼ(AB特異的)をコードする遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNA又はその公知の塩基配列に基づいて合成された合成DNA配列を利用することができる。好適なものとしては、Escherichia属細菌、Rhodobacter属細菌、Klebsiella属細菌などの原核生物に由来するものを挙げることができ、例えばEscherichia coliの遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNAが例示される。特に好ましくは、Escherichia coli由来の遺伝子の塩基配列を有するDNAである。
そのようなものとしては、例えば、クロストリジウム・アセトブチリカム(Clostridium acetobutylicum)、クロストリジウム・ベイジェリンキ(Clostridium beijerinckii)等のクロストリジウム属細菌、エシェリヒア・コリ(Escherichia coli)等のエシェリヒア属細菌、ハロバクテリウム種(Halobacterium sp.)細菌、ズーグロア・ラミゲラ(Zoogloea ramigera)等のズーグロア属細菌、リゾビウム種(Rhizobium sp.)細菌、ブラディリゾビウム・ジャポニカム(Bradyrhizobium japonicum)等のブラディリゾビウム属細菌、カンジダ・トロピカリス(Candida tropicalis)等のカンジダ属細菌、カウロバクター・クレセンタス(Caulobacter crescentus)等のカウロバクター属細菌、ストレプトマイセス・コリナス(Streptomyces collinus)等のストレプトマイセス属細菌、エンテロコッカス・ファカリス(Enterococcus faecalis)等のエンテロコッカス属細菌由来のものが挙げられる。
好ましくは、イソプロピルアルコールの生産に関与する酵素活性の強化を挙げることができる。本発明におけるイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌は、アセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼ活性、イソプロピルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ活性、CoAトランスフェラーゼ活性及び前述したチオラーゼ活性の4種類の酵素活性が、菌体外から付与され若しくは菌体内において発現増強され、又はこれら双方がなされていることが更に好ましい。
そのようなものとしては、例えば、クロストリジウム・アセトブチリカム(Clostridium acetobutylicum)、クロストリジウム・ベイジェリンキ(Clostridium beijerinckii)等のクロストリジウム属細菌、バチルス・ポリミクサ(Bacillus polymyxa)等のバチルス属細菌由来のものが挙げられる。
そのようなものとしては、例えば、クロストリジウム・ベイジェリンキ(Clostridium beijerinckii)等のクロストリジウム属細菌由来のものが挙げられる。
そのようなものとしては、例えば、クロストリジウム・アセトブチリカム(Clostridium acetobutylicum)、クロストリジウム・ベイジェリンキ(Clostridium beijerinckii)等のクロストリジウム属細菌、ローセブリア・インテスチナリス(Roseburia intestinalis)等のローセブリア属細菌、ファカリバクテリウム・プラウセンツ(Faecalibacterium prausnitzii)等ファカリバクテリウム属細菌、コプロコッカス(Coprococcus)属細菌、トリパノソーマ・ブルセイ(Trypanosoma brucei)等のトリパノソーマ、エシェリヒア・コリ(Escherichia coli:大腸菌)等エシェリヒア属細菌由来のものが挙げられる。
また、本発明では、上記リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、NAD(P)+トランスヒドロゲナーゼ(AB特異的)及びチオラーゼをコードする各遺伝子の発現を増強することが最も好ましい。これにより、各酵素の活性を単独で強化した場合と比してイソプロピルアルコールの生産性及び収率を驚異的に向上させることできる。
更に好ましい態様としては、上記pIPA/B株、pIaaa/B株又はpIa/B::atoDAB株に、リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ活性又は、リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ活性に加えてNAD(P)+トランスヒドロゲナーゼ(AB特異的)及び/又はチオラーゼの活性を同時に強化した株である。この株においてチオラーゼ活性は、プラスミドとゲノム上の両方でチオラーゼをコードする遺伝子の発現を増強したものであってもよい。
更に最も好ましい態様としては、上記又はpIa/B::atoDAB株にリンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ活性、NAD(P)+トランスヒドロゲナーゼ(AB特異的)活性及びチオラーゼ活性を同時に強化した株である。この株において、チオラーゼ活性は、プラスミドとゲノム上の両方でチオラーゼをコードする遺伝子の発現を増強したものであってもよい。
本発明におけるプロモーターとはシグマ因子を有するRNAポリメラーゼが結合し、転写を開始する部位を意味する。例えばエシェリヒア・コリ由来のGAPDHプロモーターはGenBank accession number X02662の塩基配列情報において、塩基番号397-440に記されている。
このことから、CoAトランスフェラーゼ活性及びチオラーゼ活性が宿主大腸菌のゲノム遺伝子より得られたものである場合、充分なイソプロピルアルコール生産能力を獲得する観点から、両酵素遺伝子の発現を担うプロモーターを他のプロモーターと置換する等によって両酵素遺伝子の発現を増強することが好ましい。CoAトランスフェラーゼ活性及びチオラーゼ活性の発現を増強するために用いられるプロモーターとしては、前述のエシェリヒア・コリ由来GAPDHプロモーター等を挙げることができる。
酵素活性の導入は、例えば酵素をコードする遺伝子を遺伝子組換え技術を用いて宿主細菌の菌体外から菌体内に導入することにより行うことができる。このとき、導入される酵素遺伝子は、宿主細胞に対して同種又は異種のいずれであってもよい。菌体外から菌体内へ遺伝子を導入する際に必要なゲノムDNAの調製、DNAの切断及び連結、形質転換、PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction)、プライマーとして用いるオリゴヌクレオチドの設計、合成等の方法は、当業者によく知られている通常の方法で行うことができる。これらの方法は、Sambrook, J., et al., ”Molecular Cloning A Laboratory Manual, Second Edition”, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,(1989)などに記載されている。
より好ましくは、イソプロピルアルコール生産能が予め付与された大腸菌であることができ、これにより、より効率よくイソプロピルアルコールを生産させることができる。
なお、本方法における混合物とは、大腸菌の培養に一般的に用いられる基本培地を主体とすればよい。培養条件については、前述した事項がそのまま適用される。
回収されたイソプロピルアルコールが水溶液の状態である場合には、本イソプロピルアルコールの生産方法は、回収工程に加えて、脱水工程を更に含んでいてもよい。イソプロピルアルコールの脱水は、常法により行なうことができる。
この生産装置では、イソプロピルアルコール生産細菌と植物由来原料とを含む培地が収容された培養槽に、装置外部から気体を注入するための注入管が連結され、培地に対してエアレーションが可能となっている。
また、培養槽には、連結管を介して、捕捉液としてのトラップ液が収容されたトラップ槽が連結されている。このとき、トラップ槽へ移動した気体又は液体がトラップ液と接触してバブリングが生じる。
これにより、培養槽で通気培養により生成したイソプロピルアルコールは、エアレーションによって蒸散して培地から容易に分離される共に、トラップ槽においてトラップ液に補足される。この結果、イソプロピルアルコールを、より精製された形態で連続的に且つ簡便に生産することができる。
[実施例1]
<[B::pntA] エシェリヒア・コリB株pntゲノム強化株の作製>
エシェリヒア・コリB株のゲノム上のpntA遺伝子プロモーターをGAPDHプロモーターへ置換し、pntA遺伝子の発現を強化した。
エシェリヒア・コリMG1655株のゲノムDNAの全塩基配列は公知であり(GenBank accession number U00096)、エシェリヒア・コリのNAD(P)+トランスヒドロゲナーゼ(AB特異的)αサブユニットをコードする遺伝子(以下、pntAと略することがある)の塩基配列も報告されている(GenBank accession number X04195)。また、エシェリヒア・コリMG1655株のゲノムDNA上において、pntAは膜トランスヒドロゲナーゼ βサブユニット(pntB)とオペロンを形成していることも知られている。
なおエシェリヒア・コリMG1655株はアメリカンタイプカルチャーコレクションより入手することができる。
なお、エシェリシア・コリB株(ATCC11303)は細胞・微生物・遺伝子バンクであるアメリカンタイプカルチャーコレクションより入手することができる。
<[pGAP-Iaaa/B::pnt] エシェリヒア・コリ由来チオラーゼ遺伝子、エシェリヒア・コリ由来CoAトランスフェラーゼ遺伝子、クロストリジウム属細菌由来アセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼ遺伝子、クロストリジウム属細菌由来イソプロピルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子発現ベクターを導入したエシェリヒア・コリB株pntゲノム強化株の作製>
以下のように、NAD(P)+トランスヒドロゲナーゼ(AB特異的)遺伝子(pnt)の発現を強化したイソプロピルアルコール製造大腸菌を作製した。
WO2009/008377の実施例4に記載されているpGAP-Iaaaを、実施例1で作製したB::pnt株に形質転換することで、pGAP-Iaaa/B::pnt株を得た。pGAP-Iaaaとは、エシェリヒア・コリ由来チオラーゼ遺伝子、エシェリヒア・コリ由来CoAトランスフェラーゼ遺伝子、クロストリジウム・アセトブチリカム由来アセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼ遺伝子、及びクロストリジウム・ベイジェリンキ由来イソプロピルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子を、エシェリヒア・コリ由来のグリセルアルデヒド-3-リン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ(GAPDH)のプロモーターを用いて強発現する機能を持つ発現ベクタープラスミドのことである。pGAP-Iaaaの作製方法は、WO2009/008377の実施例4に明記されている。
<[B::atoDAB] エシェリヒア・コリB株atoDABゲノム強化株の作製>
大腸菌由来のCoAトランスフェラーゼ遺伝子(atoD及びatoA)とチオラーゼ遺伝子(atoB)は、atoD、atoA、atoBの順番で、大腸菌ゲノム上でオペロンを形成しているため(Journal of Baceteriology Vol.169 pp 42-52 Lauren Sallus Jenkinsら)、atoDのプロモーターを改変することによって、CoAトランスフェラーゼ遺伝子とチオラーゼ遺伝子の発現を同時に制御することが可能である。そこで、宿主大腸菌のゲノム上のatoD遺伝子のプロモーターをGAPDHプロモーターに置換し、ゲノム上のatoD、atoA及びatoB遺伝子の発現を強化した大腸菌を作製した。
なおエシェリヒア・コリMG1655株はアメリカンタイプカルチャーコレクションより入手することができる。
<[pGAP-Ia] クロストリジウム属細菌由来アセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼ遺伝子、クロストリジウム属細菌由来イソプロピルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子発現ベクターの構築>
イソプロピルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子(IPAdh)を取得するために、Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B-593のゲノムDNAをテンプレートに用いて、aatatgcatgctggtggaacatatgaaaggttttgcaatgctagg(配列番号13)、及びgcggatccctcgagttataatataactactgctttaattaagtc(配列番号14)によりPCR法で増幅し、得られたDNAフラグメントを制限酵素SphI、BamHIで消化することで約1.1kbpのイソプロピルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼフラグメントを得た。得られたDNAフラグメントと、pBRgapP(WO2009/008377の実施例4に記載されている)を制限酵素SphI及びBamHIで消化することで得られるフラグメントを混合し、リガーゼを用いて結合した後、エシェリヒア・コリDH5α株コンピテントセル(東洋紡績株式会社 DNA-903)に形質転換し、アンピシリン50μg/mLを含むLB寒天プレートに生育する形質転換体を得た。得られたコロニーを、アンピシリン50μg/mLを含むLB液体培地で37℃で一晩培養し、得られた菌体からプラスミドを回収しIPAdhが正しく挿入されていることを確認し、このプラスミドをpGAP-IPAdhと命名した。
なお、Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B-593は細胞・微生物バンクであるVTTカルチャーコレクションより入手することができる。
<[pGAP-Ia-gapP-atoB] クロストリジウム属細菌由来アセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼ遺伝子、クロストリジウム属細菌由来イソプロピルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子及びエシェリヒア・コリ由来チオラーゼ遺伝子発現ベクターの構築>
エシェリヒア・コリB株のゲノムDNAの全塩基配列は公知であり(GenBank accession number CP000819)、エシェリヒア・コリのチオラーゼ(アセチルCoA C-アセチルトランスフェラーゼ)をコードする遺伝子(atoB)の塩基配列も報告されている(GenBank accession number U08465)。atoB(1,185bp)をクローニングするため、cgggatccttaattcaaccgttcaatcac(配列番号17)、ttccatatgaaaaattgtgtcatcgtc(配列番号18)、に示すオリゴヌクレオチドプライマーを2種合成した。配列番号17のプライマーは5’末端側にNdeII認識部位を、配列番号18のプライマーは5’末端側にBamHI認識部位それぞれ有している。
エシェリヒア・コリB株(ATCC11303)のゲノムDNAをQIAGEN社製のDNeasy Tissue kitを用いて調製し、得られたゲノムDNAを鋳型とし、配列番号17と配列番号18のプライマーペアで、PCRを行うことにより約1.2kbのDNA断片を増幅した(以下atoB断片と呼ぶことがある)。このatoB断片をアガロース電気泳動にて分離、回収し、NdeI及びBamHIで消化した。この消化断片と、前記pBRgapPのNdeI及びBamHI消化物とを混合し、T4DNAリガーゼで反応した後、エシェリヒア・コリDH5αコンピテントセル(東洋紡績社製)に形質転換し、アンピシリン50μg/mlを含むLB寒天プレートに37℃で生育する形質転換体を得た。得られたコロニーを、アンピシリン50μg/mLを含むLB液体培地で37℃で一晩培養し、得られた菌体からプラスミドを回収し、atoBが正しく挿入されていることを確認し、このプラスミドをpGAP-atoBと命名した。得られたプラスミドpGAP-atoBをBglII及びBamHIで消化し、GAPDHプロモーターとatoBを含む断片をアガロース電気泳動にて分離、回収し、この断片をgapP-atoBとした。この断片gapP-atoBと、実施例4で作成したプラスミドpGAP-Iaを制限酵素BamHIで消化することで得られる断片とを混合し、リガーゼを用いて結合した後、エシェリヒア・コリDH5α株コンピテントセル(東洋紡績株式会社 DNA-903)に形質転換し、アンピシリン50μg/mLを含むLB寒天プレートに生育する形質転換体を得た。得られたコロニーを、アンピシリン50μg/mLを含むLB液体培地で37℃で一晩培養し、得られた菌体からプラスミドを回収し、gapP-atoBが正しく挿入されていることを確認し、このプラスミドをpGAP-Ia-gapP-atoBと命名した。
<[pGAP-Ia-gapP-atoB/B::atoDAB株] pGAP-Ia-gapP-atoBを導入したエシェリヒア・コリB株atoDABゲノム強化株の作製>
上記実施例5に記載されているpGAP-Ia-gapP-atoBを、実施例3で作成したB::atoDAB株に形質転換し、チオラーゼ遺伝子(atoB)の発現をプラスミドとゲノムの両方で強化したイソプロピルアルコール製造大腸菌pGAP-Ia-gapP-atoB/B::atoDAB株を得た。
<[pGAP-Ia-maeB] クロストリジウム属細菌由来アセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼ遺伝子、クロストリジウム属細菌由来イソプロピルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子及びエシェリヒア・コリ由来リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子発現ベクターの構築>
リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子を取得するために、エシェリヒア・コリB株(ATCC11303)のゲノムDNAをテンプレートに用いて、cgggatcccggagaaagtcatatggatgaccagttaaaacaaag(配列番号19)、及びgctctagattacagcggttgggtttgcgc(配列番号20)によりPCR法で増幅し、得られたDNAフラグメントを制限酵素BamHI及びXbaIで消化することで約2300bpのリンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼフラグメントを得た。得られたDNAフラグメントと、実施例4で作成したプラスミドpGAP-Iaを制限酵素XbaI及びBamHIで消化することで得られるフラグメントとを混合し、リガーゼを用いて結合した後、エシェリヒア・コリDH5α株コンピテントセル(東洋紡績株式会社 DNA-903)に形質転換し、アンピシリン50μg/mLを含むLB寒天プレートに生育する形質転換体を得た。得られたコロニーを、アンピシリン50μg/mLを含むLB液体培地で37℃で一晩培養し、得られた菌体からプラスミドを回収し、リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子が正しく挿入されていることを確認し、本プラスミドをpGAP-Ia-maeBと命名した。
<[pGAP-Ia-maeB/B::atoDAB株] pGAP-Ia-maeBを導入したエシェリヒア・コリB株atoDABゲノム強化株の作製>
上記実施例7に記載されているpGAP-Ia-maeBを、実施例3で作成したB::atoDAB株に形質転換し、リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子(maeB)の発現を強化したイソプロピルアルコール製造大腸菌pGAP-Ia-maeB/B::atoDAB株を得た。
<[pGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoB] クロストリジウム属細菌由来アセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼ遺伝子、クロストリジウム属細菌由来イソプロピルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子、エシェリヒア・コリ由来リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子及びエシェリヒア・コリ由来チオラーゼ遺伝子発現ベクターの構築>
上記実施例7で作製したプラスミドpGAP-Ia-maeBを制限酵素BamHIで消化することで得られるフラグメントと、実施例5と同様にして得たDNA断片gapP-atoBを混合し、リガーゼを用いて結合した後、エシェリヒア・コリDH5α株コンピテントセル(東洋紡績株式会社 DNA-903)に形質転換し、アンピシリン50μg/mLを含むLB寒天プレートに生育する形質転換体を得た。得られたコロニーをアンピシリン50μg/mLを含むLB液体培地で37℃で一晩培養し、得られた菌体からプラスミドを回収し、gapP-atoBが正しく挿入されていることを確認し、このプラスミドをpGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoBと命名した。
<[pGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoB/B::atoDAB株] pGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoBを導入したエシェリヒア・コリB株atoDABゲノム強化株の作製>
上記実施例9に記載されているpGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoBを、実施例3で作成したB::atoDAB株に形質転換し、リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子(maeB)とチオラーゼ遺伝子(atoB)の両方の発現を強化したイソプロピルアルコール製造大腸菌pGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoB/B::atoDAB株を得た。
<[B::atoDAB::pnt] エシェリヒア・コリB株atoDABおよびpntゲノム強化株の作製>
実施例1と同様にして得られた、pntA5’近傍領域のDNA断片とGAPDHプロモーター及びpntAからなるDNA断片とを温度感受性プラスミドpTH18cs1に導入したプラスミドを、実施例3で作製したB::atoDAB株に形質転換し、クロラムフェニコール10μg/mlを含むLB寒天プレートに30℃で一晩培養し、形質転換体を得た。得られた形質転換体を、クロラムフェニコール10μg/mlを含むLB液体培地に接種し、30℃で一晩培養した。得られた培養菌体をクロラムフェニコール10μg/mlを含むLB寒天プレートに塗布し、42℃で培養しコロニーを得た。得られたコロニーを、抗生物質を含まないLB液体培地で30℃で2時間培養し、抗生物質を含まないLB寒天プレートに塗布して42℃で生育するコロニーを得た。
<[pGAP-Ia-maeB/B::atoDAB::pnt] pGAP-Ia-maeBを導入したエシェリヒア・コリB株atoD欠失GAPpatoDGAPppntAゲノム挿入株の作成>
実施例7に記載されているpGAP-Ia-maeBを、実施例11で作製したB::atoDAB::pnt株に形質転換し、リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子(maeB)とNAD(P)+トランスヒドロゲナーゼ(AB特異的)遺伝子(pnt)の両方の発現を強化したイソプロピルアルコール製造大腸菌pGAP-Ia-maeB/B::atoDAB::pntを得た。
<[pGAP-Ia-gapP-atoB/B::atoDAB::pnt] pGAP-Ia-gapP-atoBを導入したエシェリヒア・コリB株atoD欠失GAPpatoDGAPppntAゲノム挿入株の作成>
実施例5に記載されているpGAP-Ia-gapP-atoBを実施例11で作製したB::atoDAB::pnt株に形質転換し、チオラーゼ遺伝子(atoB)の発現をプラスミド及びゲノムの両方で強化し、かつNAD(P)+トランスヒドロゲナーゼ(AB特異的)遺伝子(pnt)の発現を強化したイソプロピルアルコール製造大腸菌pGAP-Ia-gapP-atoB/B::atoDAB::pntを得た。
<[pGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoB/B::atoDAB::pnt株] pGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoBを導入したエシェリヒア・コリB株atoDABおよびpntAゲノム強化株の作製>
上記実施例9に記載されているpGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoBを、実施例11で作製したB::atoDAB::pnt株に形質転換し、リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ遺伝子(maeB)とNAD(P)+トランスヒドロゲナーゼ(AB特異的)遺伝子(pnt)の発現を強化し、更にチオラーゼ遺伝子(atoB)の発現をプラスミド及びゲノムの両方で強化したイソプロピルアルコール製造大腸菌pGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoB/B::atoDAB::pnt株を得た。
<[pGAP-Iaaa/B株][pGAP-Iaaa/B::pntA株][pGAP-Ia-gapP-atoB/B::atoDAB株][pGAP-Ia-maeB/B::atoDAB株][pGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoB/B::atoDAB株][pGAP-Ia-maeB/B::atoDAB::pnt][pGAP-Ia-gapP-atoB/B::atoDAB::pnt][pGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoB/B::atoDAB::pnt株]によるイソプロピルアルコールの生産>
本評価実験では、WO2009/008377号パンフレット図1に示される生産装置を用いてイソプロピルアルコールの生産を行った。培養槽には3リットル容のものを使用し、トラップ槽には10L容のものを使用した。培養槽、トラップ槽、注入管、連結管、排出管は、すべてガラス製のものとした。トラップ槽には、トラップ液としての水(トラップ水)を9Lの量で注入した。なお、培養槽には廃液管を設置して、糖や中和剤の流加により増量した培養液を適宜培養槽外に排出した。
なおWO2009/008377号パンフレットに記載のpGAP-Iaaa/B株は、イソプロピルアルコールを生産するためにチオラーゼ活性を付与しているに過ぎず、リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ活性及びNAD(P)+トランスヒドロゲナーゼ(AB特異的)活性の双方の強化も成されていないため、本発明のイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌には該当しない。
黒丸:pGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoB/B::atoDAB::pnt株、
黒四角:pGAP-Ia-maeB-gapP-atoB/B::atoDAB株
白丸;pGAP-Ia-maeB/B::atoDAB株、
白三角;pGAP-Ia-gapP-atoB/B::atoDAB株、
白四角;pGAP-Iaaa/B::pnt株、
×;pGAP-Iaaa/B株、
白菱形;pGAP-Ia-maeB/B::atoDAB::pnt株、
黒菱形;pGAP-Ia-gapP-atoB/B::atoDAB::pnt株。
コーンスティープリカー(日本食品化工製):20g/L
Fe2SO4・7H2O:0.1g/L
K2HPO4:2g/L
KH2PO4:2g/L
MgSO4・7H2O:2g/L
(NH4)2SO4:2g/L
アデカノールLG126(旭電化工業)0.1g/L
(残部:水)
本明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、および技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、および技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本明細書中に援用されて取り込まれる。
Claims (12)
- イソプロピルアルコール生産系を備えた大腸菌において、
強化されたリンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ活性、
強化されたNAD(P)+トランスヒドロゲナーゼ(AB特異的)活性、及び、
強化されたチオラーゼ活性
からなる群より選択された少なくとも1つの強化酵素活性を有するイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌。 - 前記強化酵素活性が、前記強化されたリンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ活性を含む請求項1記載のイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌。
- 前記強化酵素活性が、前記強化されたリンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ活性及び前記強化されたチオラーゼ活性を含む請求項1記載のイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌。
- 前記強化酵素活性が、前記強化されたリンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ活性及び前記強化されたNAD(P)+トランスヒドロゲナーゼ(AB特異的)活性を含む請求項1記載のイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌。
- 前記強化酵素活性が、前記強化されたリンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ活性及び前記強化されたNAD(P)+トランスヒドロゲナーゼ(AB特異的)活性及び前記強化されたチオラーゼ活性である請求項1記載のイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌。
- 前記強化酵素活性が、菌体外から導入にされた酵素遺伝子による強化及び菌体内の酵素遺伝子の発現増強による強化の少なくとも一方に由来するものである請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項記載のイソプロピルアルコール生産系大腸菌。
- 前記強化酵素活性が、宿主大腸菌のゲノム上の強化及びプラスミド導入による強化の少なくとも一方に由来するものである請求項1~請求項6のいずれか1項記載のイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌。
- 前記強化酵素活性が、エシェリヒア属細菌由来の各酵素をコードする遺伝子に由来するものである請求項1~請求項7のいずれか1項記載のイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌。
- 前記イソプロピルアルコール生産系が、前記アセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼ、イソプロピルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ、CoAトランスフェラーゼ及びチオラーゼの各酵素遺伝子により構築されたものである請求項1~請求項8のいずれか1項記載のイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌。
- 前記イソプロピルアルコール生産系が、前記アセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼ、イソプロピルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ、CoAトランスフェラーゼ及びチオラーゼの各酵素遺伝子により構築されたものであり、かつ各酵素遺伝子が、それぞれ独立に、クロストリジウム属細菌、バチルス属細菌及びエシェリヒア属細菌からなる群より選択された少なくとも1種の原核生物に由来するものである請求項1~請求項8のいずれか1項記載のイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌。
- 前記アセト酢酸デカルボキシラーゼ活性が、クロストリジウム・アセトブチリカム由来の酵素をコードする遺伝子に由来するものであり、前記イソプロピルアルコールデヒドロゲナーゼ活性がクロストリジウム・ベイジェリンキ由来の酵素をコードする遺伝子に由来するものであり、前記CoAトランスフェラーゼ活性、チオラーゼ活性、リンゴ酸デヒドロゲナーゼ活性及びNAD(P)+トランスヒドロゲナーゼ(AB特異的)活性がエシェリヒア・コリ由来の各酵素をコードする遺伝子に由来するものである請求項1~請求項8のいずれか1項記載のイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌。
- 請求項1~請求項11のいずれか1項記載のイソプロピルアルコール生産大腸菌を用いて植物由来原料からイソプロピルアルコールを生産することを含むイソプロピルアルコール生産方法。
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| SG2012065850A SG183928A1 (en) | 2010-03-09 | 2011-03-04 | Highly productive isopropyl alcohol-producing bacterium |
| ES11753297T ES2741637T3 (es) | 2010-03-09 | 2011-03-04 | Bacteria productora de alcohol isopropílico altamente productora |
| US13/583,184 US8932845B2 (en) | 2010-03-09 | 2011-03-04 | Highly productive isopropyl alcohol-producing bacterium |
| CA2792546A CA2792546C (en) | 2010-03-09 | 2011-03-04 | Highly productive isopropyl alcohol-producing bacterium |
| CN201180012535.5A CN102791850B (zh) | 2010-03-09 | 2011-03-04 | 生产能力高的异丙醇生产细菌 |
| BR112012022603A BR112012022603A2 (pt) | 2010-03-09 | 2011-03-04 | bactéria altamente produtiva produtora de álcool isopropyl |
| JP2012504437A JP5628288B2 (ja) | 2010-03-09 | 2011-03-04 | 生産性の高いイソプロピルアルコール生産細菌 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2013022070A1 (ja) * | 2011-08-11 | 2013-02-14 | 三井化学株式会社 | 連続培養によるイソプロピルアルコール製造方法 |
| WO2024004833A1 (ja) | 2022-06-30 | 2024-01-04 | 住友化学株式会社 | 炭素原子数2~8の不飽和炭化水素の製造方法、炭素原子数2~8の不飽和炭化水素混合物の製造方法、オレフィン系重合体の製造方法、化合物の製造方法、重合体の製造方法、オレフィン系重合体および重合体 |
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| KR101710042B1 (ko) * | 2014-04-03 | 2017-02-24 | 주식회사 퓨처플레이 | 사용자 인터페이스를 제공하기 위한 방법, 디바이스, 시스템 및 비일시성의 컴퓨터 판독 가능한 기록 매체 |
| BR112016026164B1 (pt) * | 2014-05-12 | 2023-10-31 | Metabolic Explorer | Novo microrganismo e método para a produção de 1,2-propanodiol com base em acetol redutase dependente de nadph e suprimento de nadph aprimorado |
| GB201519087D0 (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2015-12-09 | Metabogen Ab | Method for adaption |
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| WO2024004833A1 (ja) | 2022-06-30 | 2024-01-04 | 住友化学株式会社 | 炭素原子数2~8の不飽和炭化水素の製造方法、炭素原子数2~8の不飽和炭化水素混合物の製造方法、オレフィン系重合体の製造方法、化合物の製造方法、重合体の製造方法、オレフィン系重合体および重合体 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2011111638A1 (ja) | 2013-06-27 |
| TW201202428A (en) | 2012-01-16 |
| CN102791850B (zh) | 2018-01-09 |
| EP2546331A4 (en) | 2013-10-23 |
| JP5628288B2 (ja) | 2014-11-19 |
| EP2546331A1 (en) | 2013-01-16 |
| ES2741637T3 (es) | 2020-02-11 |
| CA2792546C (en) | 2015-11-24 |
| US8932845B2 (en) | 2015-01-13 |
| CA2792546A1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
| CN102791850A (zh) | 2012-11-21 |
| EP2546331B1 (en) | 2019-07-03 |
| BR112012022603A2 (pt) | 2015-11-03 |
| SG183928A1 (en) | 2012-10-30 |
| TWI500767B (zh) | 2015-09-21 |
| US20130005008A1 (en) | 2013-01-03 |
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