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WO2011161472A1 - Système passif de gestion thermique pour pipelines à liquides - Google Patents

Système passif de gestion thermique pour pipelines à liquides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011161472A1
WO2011161472A1 PCT/GB2011/051202 GB2011051202W WO2011161472A1 WO 2011161472 A1 WO2011161472 A1 WO 2011161472A1 GB 2011051202 W GB2011051202 W GB 2011051202W WO 2011161472 A1 WO2011161472 A1 WO 2011161472A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
phase
pipeline
fluid
phase change
change material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2011/051202
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kipp B. Carlisle
Gary Gladysz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TRELLBORG OFFSHORE UK Ltd
Original Assignee
TRELLBORG OFFSHORE UK Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TRELLBORG OFFSHORE UK Ltd filed Critical TRELLBORG OFFSHORE UK Ltd
Publication of WO2011161472A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011161472A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
    • F28D20/023—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material being enclosed in granular particles or dispersed in a porous, fibrous or cellular structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L59/143—Pre-insulated pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L59/153—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems for flexible pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
    • F17D1/082—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products for cold fluids, e.g. liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
    • F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
    • F17D1/08—Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products
    • F17D1/16—Facilitating the conveyance of liquids or effecting the conveyance of viscous products by modification of their viscosity
    • F17D1/18—Facilitating the conveyance of liquids or effecting the conveyance of viscous products by modification of their viscosity by heating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to management of fluid temperature in a pipeline. It is particularly suited to use with pipelines located in a cold
  • a "pipeline” means an assemblage of components for conveying a liquid from a source to a destination through a series of devices including, but not limited to, pipes, couplings, valves and control devices.
  • the purpose of such pipelines is to convey the liquid, such as crude oil, from a source device, such as an undersea wellhead, to a destination, such as a shore-based distribution center.
  • the use of such pipelines for conveying crude oil introduces unique problems because it is imperative that the pipeline maintain the crude oil in a liquid state, if the temperature of the crude oil in the pipeline were to fall below a "hydrate formation temperature" of about 25°C, the crude oil could solidify and block flow.
  • a pipeline may comprise multiple pipe lengths with expensive interconnections. Any increase in the overall pipe diameter can dramatically increase the pipeline costs by increasing the number of interconnections.
  • An “active" system includes a jacket around the pipe and an external heat source for maintaining the pipe and the crude oil above the hydrate formation temperature.
  • the heat source may be electricity for heating elements embedded in the jacket or a heated liquid that is distributed through the jacket by pumping.
  • An additional or alternative object of this invention is to provide a passive thermal management system which, for a given overall pipe size, extends the time for the liquid in the pipeline to reach its freezing temperature.
  • Another additional or alternative object of this invention is to provide a passive thermal management system for a crude oil pipeline which, for a given overall pipe size, extends the time from the onset of an rntemiption to the time the crude oil in the pipeline reaches the hydrate formation temperature and eventually solidifies.
  • Still another additional or alternative objection of this invention is to provide a passive thermal management system for a crude oil pipeline which, for a
  • a thermal management system is adapted for application to at. least, a portion of a pipeline for transported material having a first freezing point in a location where the pipeline is in an environment with a temperature below the first freezing point.
  • the system comprises at least one layer of a phase-change material having a second freezing point greater than the transported material's freezing point.
  • thermal management system for application to at least a portion of a pipeline for conveying a fluid which is at a higher temperature than the pipeline's
  • the thermal management system comprising a phase change material able to undergo a reversible transition between first and second phases so that in use, while fluid flows through the pipeline, tire phase change material is maintained in the first phase by heat from the fluid, and so that when fluid flow through the pipeline subsequently ceases, cooling causes the phase change material to undergo a transition to the second phase and so to transfer heat to the fluid.
  • phase change material is invested with heat, including the latent heat associated with the phase change, if fluid flow is interrupted, heat is lost to the environment and both the fluid and the phase change material will tend to cool. As the phase change material reaches its phase change temperature, it. releases the latent heat associated with the phase change, tending to sustain fluid temperature. In this way cooling is delayed.
  • the thermal management system may he formed as a wrappable tape or layer for application to the pipeline. This provides a convenient means of applying the phase change material to the pipeline.
  • the thermal management system may comprise a composite material in which the phase change material is contained in a matrix of polymeric material. Phase change materials are typically effective if encapsulated in small regions and this may be achieved, in accordance with a preferred aspect of the invention, by containing the phase change niaterial in hollow microballoons, microspheres or macrospheres, or in other hollow bodies.
  • the hollow bodies may be set in a polymeric matrix. Such materials are sometimes known as ''syntactic 5 ' materials.
  • the polymeric material is suitable for casting, moulding, injection moulding or extrusion.
  • the phase change material is solid in the first phase and liquid in the second phase.
  • the relevant phase change could be from one solid phase to another, or from a liquid to a vapour phase.
  • the temperature at which the phase transition takes place is preferably above the hydrate formation temperature of the crude oil and below the temperature of the crude oil as it emerges from the wellhead.
  • a pipeline for conveying a fluid through an environment which is cooler than the fluid comprising a passage for the fluid and a phase change material which is in thermal contact with the passage so that the phase change material is able io exchange heat with the fluid in operation, the phase change material being able to undergo a reversible change of phase, so that while fluid flows through the pipehne heat transferred from the fluid to the phase change material maintains it in a first phase, and when fluid flow through the pipeline subsequently ceases cooling of the phase change material causes it to undergo a transition to a second phase and so to transfer heat to the fluid, thereby delaying cooling of the fluid.
  • the pipeline further comprises an insulating layer, the phase change material being between the pipeline passage and the insulating layer.
  • a method of managing fluid temperature in a pipeline comprising providing the pipeline with a phase change .material which is in thermal contact with a fluid passage in the pipeline and which is able to undergo a transition between first and second phases at a phase transition temperature, placing the pipeline in an environment below the phase transition temperature, passing fluid through the pipeline, the fluid being at a temperature above the phase transition temperature so that while the fluid flows heat from the fluid maintains the phase change material in the first phase, and so that following cessation of .fluid flow cooling causes the phase change material to undergo the transition to the second phase and to emit heat to the fluid in the pipeline.
  • phase change material refers herein to any material (solid, liquid, or gas) that goes through a reversible transition that is end thermic on heating and exothermic when cooling through said transition.
  • the phase transition may be preferentially from a solid state to another solid state, as in a crystal structure change, or from solid to liquid, bat could also entail a transition to and from solid to gas, liquid to gas. liquid 1 to liquid 2, gas 1 to gas 2. etc., so long as cooling of the material through the transition temperature from the second phase to the first phase is an exothermic process.
  • transient thermal cooldown performance equivalent to a conventional pipeline using thinner insulation layer thickness By virtue of the invention, it is possible to provide transient thermal cooldown performance equivalent to a conventional pipeline using thinner insulation layer thickness. Alternatively, improved cooling performance can be achieved without change of insulation layer thickness compared with a conventional pipeline.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a portion of an insulated pipe used in underse pipelines that incorporates a passive thermal management system of this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a simplified cross section of a pipe incorporating a phase-change layer in a passive thermal management system, of this invention
  • FIG. 3 is graphical analysis that depicts the impact of the use of the passive thermal management system shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a table that lists properties of one phase-change material that is useful in this invention.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B are cross-sections of two possible embodiments of a phase-change layer shown in FIG, 2.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a portion of a pipe 10 useful in undersea pipelines in which different layers are exposed for purposes of explanation.
  • the pipe 10 includes an interlocked carcass that forms a central flexible rnetal pipe 1 1 , typically of steel
  • An internal pressure sheath 12 surrounds the pipe 1 1 to contain the fluid transferred within the pipe 1 3.
  • interlocked pressure armor 13 provides compressive strength to the pipe 10, while inner and outer tensile armor layers 14 and 1 5 provide tensile support.
  • An outer sheath 1 6 provides abrasion protection and a seawater seal for the entire pipe 10.
  • FIG. 1 depicts such an insulating layer 1 7. i this embodiment an insulation layer is formed by wrapping strips of insulation atop the outer tensile armor layer 15 along helical paths. Successive layers are formed in the same fashion by laying the strips in different hands and/or with different pitches. Still other methods can be used to provide such an insulating layer.
  • phase-change layer comprising a phase-change material as shown in FIG. 2
  • phase-change layer is disposed between the outer tensile armor 1 5 and the insulating layer 17. If no insulating layer were included, the phase-change would be intermediate the outer tensile armor layer 15 and the outer sheath 16.
  • FIG. 2 depicts a pipe assembly 11 A that is a simplified cross section of a pipe that incorporates a phase-change layer 20 incorporating this invention.
  • the pipe assembly 1 1 A represents the assemblage of the pipe 1 1 in FIG. 1 along with its pressure sheath 1 2, pressure armor 1 3 and inner and outer tensile armor layers 14 and 15 in cross section.
  • the pipe assembly 1 1 A is surrounded by a phase-change layer 20 and is filled with crude oil 21.
  • the phase-change layer 20 surrounds the pipe 1 1 A.
  • An outer layer 22 includes the represents any outer insulation, such as insulating layer 17 and the outer sheath 16 in FIG. 1.
  • phase change material initially is a solid, but it has a lower freezing/melting temperature than the crude oil temperature.
  • the temperature of the phase change material rises and eventually it melts. Consequently, the phase change material "stores" the heat attributable to the increased temperature and to the latent heat of melting for the phase change material.
  • the outer layer 22 continues to reduce heat transfer to the surrounding sea water 23, but the pipeline is essentially in a state of thermal equilibrium.
  • the heat stored in the phase-change layer 20 transfers to the now stagnant crude oil 21 and to the sea water 23 as shown by arrows 25 and 26, respectively.
  • the rate of transfer to the sea water 23 is dependent upon the insulating properties of the outer layer 22.
  • the rate of heat transfer to the crude oi! 21 will increase as crude oil temperature begins to fall.
  • most of the heat in the phase-change layer 20 transfers to the adjacent crude oil 21 thereby increasing the interval before the crude oil 21 reaches the hydrate formation temperature.
  • FIG. 3 graphs 30, 31 and 32 present the results of these simulations.
  • Graph 30 presents crude oil temperature as a function of time beginning with the interruption in a pipe wherein the only insulation is provided by multiple layers of Eceoilex® PT7000 .flexible syntactic tape. The multiple layers provide a 56mm thick insulating structure.
  • Graph 31 presents the same information assuming the addition of a phase-change layer 20 with a radial thickness of 7mm and the outer layer 22 thickness reduced to 49 mm of insulation.
  • Graph 32 represents the same information assuming the additio of a phase- change layer 20 having the same radial thickness and a 42mm reduction of the outer layer 22 thickness.
  • phase-change layer 20 is assumed to include a phase-change material having the following
  • graph 30 indicates that a simulation of a prior art system maintains the crude oil temperature about the hydrate formation temperature for approximately thirty-four (34) hours. With the second simulation and as shown by graph 31. the interval increases to about fifty-five (55) hours.
  • graph 32 predicts that an interval of thirty-seven (37) hours will expire between the time the flow is interrupted and the time the stagnant crude oil reaches the hydrate formation temperature.
  • the thickness of the outer layer 22 reduces by 42mm for an overall pipehne diameter reduction of 70mm, accounting for the addition of the phase-change layer 20. Where such a time interval is acceptable, the resulting pipe diameter reduction both provides greater pipe flexibility and allows more pipe to be stored on a single reel for shipment. Consequently a pipeline may require fewer connections between pipes on separate reels with attendant cost reductions.
  • phase change material should have certain characteristics, namely:
  • the table of FIG. 4 depicts a commercially available material that satisfies some or all of these requirements.
  • FIGS. 5A and 5B depict two implementations.
  • FIG. 5A depicts a syntactic tape 50 comprising a thermoplastic matrix 51 that binds a plurality of
  • FIG. 5B depicts a tape 53 including an extruded phase change material 54 encapsulated in a sheath 55 of a thermoplastic matrix.
  • a thermoplastic matrix may bind non-encapsulated phase change materials m particle form.
  • phase-change layer can be applied to any transport system in which an outside environment has a temperature below the melting point of the material being transported such that the material can solidify if its flow is interrupted for any length of time.
  • the phase-change layer could be situated internally of the pipe or externally of any insulation or even used without any insulation, depending upon the particular application and environment.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Pipeline Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système passif de gestion thermique prévu spécialement pour les pipelines transportant un liquide dont le point de congélation est supérieur à la température de l'environnement avoisinant. Le système comprend une couche à changement de phase qui passe de l'état solide à l'état liquide à une température intermédiaire entre les températures du point de congélation du matériau et de l'environnement. Si l'écoulement est interrompu, de la chaleur est transférée de la couche à changement de phase vers le liquide transporté stagnant afin d'allonger le temps, à partir de l'interruption, à l'issue duquel le matériau transporté stagnant atteint sa température de congélation puis se solidifie.
PCT/GB2011/051202 2010-06-26 2011-06-24 Système passif de gestion thermique pour pipelines à liquides Ceased WO2011161472A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US35889210P 2010-06-26 2010-06-26
US61/358,892 2010-06-26

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WO2011161472A1 true WO2011161472A1 (fr) 2011-12-29

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104315293A (zh) * 2014-09-09 2015-01-28 上海科华热力管道有限公司 一种蓄热保温管
CN108317396A (zh) * 2018-03-26 2018-07-24 北京石油化工学院 水下原油管道蜡堵电加热解除模拟装置
WO2018138241A1 (fr) 2017-01-30 2018-08-02 Swisspor Management Ag Procédé de maintien de la température de milieux fluides
CN114791063A (zh) * 2022-04-08 2022-07-26 镇江裕太防爆电加热器有限公司 一种用于易燃液体输送管道的高安全性加热装置
CN116123893A (zh) * 2022-09-08 2023-05-16 中国船舶科学研究中心 一种深海用多层球壳结构舷外换热器
US20230348806A1 (en) * 2022-04-28 2023-11-02 Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc Phase change materials to address reversion problems in heavy oils

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US4003426A (en) * 1975-05-08 1977-01-18 The Dow Chemical Company Heat or thermal energy storage structure
US6000438A (en) * 1998-02-13 1999-12-14 Mcdermott Technology, Inc. Phase change insulation for subsea flowlines
EP1036976A2 (fr) * 1999-03-16 2000-09-20 J. Ray McDermott S.A. Tuyauteries avec isolation interne
WO2002016733A1 (fr) * 2000-08-23 2002-02-28 Fmc Corporation Prevention de formation d'hydrates dans un equipement sous marin dote d'un materiau a changement de phase
DE10256551A1 (de) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-24 Abb Research Ltd. Thermische Isolation
FR2853388A1 (fr) * 2003-04-01 2004-10-08 Coflexip Conduite tubulaire flexible a double enveloppe calorifugee pour le transport d'hydrocarbures
US20050241717A1 (en) * 2002-07-01 2005-11-03 Raymond Hallot Device for thermal insulation of at least a submarine pipeline comprising a phase-change material confined in jackets
US6978825B1 (en) * 1998-12-31 2005-12-27 Bouygues Offshore Device and process for the heat insulation of at least one underwater pipe at great depth
US20060131027A1 (en) * 2003-03-18 2006-06-22 Giovanni Chiesa Device for heating and thermally insulating at least one undersea pipeline
WO2007085013A2 (fr) * 2006-01-20 2007-07-26 Cuming Corporation Conduite sous-marine isolée au moyen d'un revêtement isolant souple

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4003426A (en) * 1975-05-08 1977-01-18 The Dow Chemical Company Heat or thermal energy storage structure
US6000438A (en) * 1998-02-13 1999-12-14 Mcdermott Technology, Inc. Phase change insulation for subsea flowlines
US6978825B1 (en) * 1998-12-31 2005-12-27 Bouygues Offshore Device and process for the heat insulation of at least one underwater pipe at great depth
EP1036976A2 (fr) * 1999-03-16 2000-09-20 J. Ray McDermott S.A. Tuyauteries avec isolation interne
WO2002016733A1 (fr) * 2000-08-23 2002-02-28 Fmc Corporation Prevention de formation d'hydrates dans un equipement sous marin dote d'un materiau a changement de phase
US20050241717A1 (en) * 2002-07-01 2005-11-03 Raymond Hallot Device for thermal insulation of at least a submarine pipeline comprising a phase-change material confined in jackets
DE10256551A1 (de) * 2002-12-04 2004-06-24 Abb Research Ltd. Thermische Isolation
US20060131027A1 (en) * 2003-03-18 2006-06-22 Giovanni Chiesa Device for heating and thermally insulating at least one undersea pipeline
FR2853388A1 (fr) * 2003-04-01 2004-10-08 Coflexip Conduite tubulaire flexible a double enveloppe calorifugee pour le transport d'hydrocarbures
WO2007085013A2 (fr) * 2006-01-20 2007-07-26 Cuming Corporation Conduite sous-marine isolée au moyen d'un revêtement isolant souple

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104315293A (zh) * 2014-09-09 2015-01-28 上海科华热力管道有限公司 一种蓄热保温管
US11585542B2 (en) 2017-01-30 2023-02-21 Swisspor Management Ag Method for maintaining the temperature of fluid media
EP4227570A1 (fr) 2017-01-30 2023-08-16 swisspor Management AG Procédé de maintien de la température de fluides et dispositive
WO2018138241A1 (fr) 2017-01-30 2018-08-02 Swisspor Management Ag Procédé de maintien de la température de milieux fluides
CN110234922A (zh) * 2017-01-30 2019-09-13 斯维兹波尔管理股份公司 用于保持流体介质温度的方法
JP2020509304A (ja) * 2017-01-30 2020-03-26 スイスポア マネージメント エージー 流体媒体の温度を維持するための方法
RU2762610C2 (ru) * 2017-01-30 2021-12-21 Свисспор Менеджмент Аг Способ поддержания температуры текучих сред
CN108317396B (zh) * 2018-03-26 2023-08-15 北京石油化工学院 水下原油管道蜡堵电加热解除模拟装置
CN108317396A (zh) * 2018-03-26 2018-07-24 北京石油化工学院 水下原油管道蜡堵电加热解除模拟装置
CN114791063A (zh) * 2022-04-08 2022-07-26 镇江裕太防爆电加热器有限公司 一种用于易燃液体输送管道的高安全性加热装置
US20230348806A1 (en) * 2022-04-28 2023-11-02 Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations Llc Phase change materials to address reversion problems in heavy oils
US12110464B2 (en) * 2022-04-28 2024-10-08 Baker Hughes Oilfield Operations, Llc Phase change materials to address reversion problems in heavy oils
CN116123893A (zh) * 2022-09-08 2023-05-16 中国船舶科学研究中心 一种深海用多层球壳结构舷外换热器

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