WO2011158459A1 - リチウムイオン二次電池負極材用粉末、リチウムイオン二次電池負極およびキャパシタ負極、ならびに、リチウムイオン二次電池およびキャパシタ - Google Patents
リチウムイオン二次電池負極材用粉末、リチウムイオン二次電池負極およびキャパシタ負極、ならびに、リチウムイオン二次電池およびキャパシタ Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
- H01G11/06—Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/42—Powders or particles, e.g. composition thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/50—Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention provides a negative electrode material powder capable of providing a lithium ion secondary battery that has a large discharge capacity and good cycle characteristics when used in a lithium ion secondary battery and can withstand use at a practical level.
- the present invention relates to a lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode and a capacitor negative electrode using powder for a negative electrode material, and a lithium ion secondary battery and a capacitor using the lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode and the capacitor negative electrode.
- high energy density secondary batteries include nickel cadmium batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, lithium ion secondary batteries and polymer batteries.
- lithium ion secondary batteries have a much longer lifespan and higher capacity than nickel cadmium batteries and nickel metal hydride batteries, and thus the demand thereof has shown high growth in the power supply market.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a coin-shaped lithium ion secondary battery.
- the lithium ion secondary battery maintains the electrical insulation between the positive electrode 1, the negative electrode 2, the separator 3 impregnated with the electrolyte, and the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2, and seals the battery contents. It consists of a gasket 4.
- lithium ions reciprocate between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 through the electrolytic solution of the separator 3.
- the positive electrode 1 includes a counter electrode case 1a, a counter electrode current collector 1b, and a counter electrode 1c, and lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ) and manganese spinel (LiMn 2 O 4 ) are mainly used for the counter electrode 1c.
- the negative electrode 2 is composed of a working electrode case 2a, a working electrode current collector 2b, and a working electrode 2c, and the negative electrode material used for the working electrode 2c is generally an active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions (negative electrode active material). And a conductive assistant and a binder.
- a negative electrode active material of a lithium ion secondary battery a composite oxide of lithium and boron, a composite oxide of lithium and a transition metal (V, Fe, Cr, Mo, Ni, etc.), Si, Ge, or Sn A compound containing N and O, Si particles whose surface is coated with a carbon layer by chemical vapor deposition, and the like have been proposed.
- silicon oxide powder represented by SiO x (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2) such as SiO As the negative electrode active material.
- Silicon oxide has a low electrode potential with respect to lithium (base), and does not occlude lithium ions during charging / discharging, and does not degrade the crystal structure due to release or generation of irreversible substances, and reversibly occludes lithium ions. And since it can discharge
- silicon oxide powder When silicon oxide powder is used as the negative electrode active material, carbon powder or the like is generally mixed as a conductive aid in order to compensate for the low electrical conductivity of silicon oxide. Thereby, the electrical conductivity of the contact part vicinity of a silicon oxide powder and a conductive support agent is securable. However, electrical conductivity cannot be secured at a location away from the contact portion, and it is difficult to function as a negative electrode active material.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery negative electrode material in which a carbon film is formed on the surface of particles (conductive silicon composite) having a structure in which silicon microcrystals are dispersed in silicon dioxide.
- conductive silicon composite and a method for producing the same have been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 According to the method proposed in Patent Document 1, a uniform carbon film is formed on the conductive silicon composite, and sufficient electrical conductivity can be imparted.
- the lithium ion secondary battery using the conductive silicon composite of Patent Document 1 uses silicon dioxide in which silicon microcrystals are dispersed as the negative electrode material. The expansion / contraction at the time of desorption of lithium ions is increased, and there is a problem that the capacity suddenly decreases at a certain point when charging and discharging are repeated. Further, the discharge capacity and cycle characteristics were not sufficient.
- the present invention has been made in view of this problem, and has a large discharge capacity, good cycle characteristics, and a negative electrode material powder for a lithium ion secondary battery that can withstand use at a practical level, and the negative electrode material.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode and a capacitor negative electrode using the powder for use, and a lithium ion secondary battery and a capacitor using the lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode and the capacitor negative electrode.
- the theoretical characteristic of the lithium ion secondary battery when silicon oxide (SiO x ) is used as the negative electrode material powder and x 1 is a reversible capacity of 2007 mAh / g, The initial efficiency was found to be 76%.
- Conventional lithium ion secondary batteries using silicon oxide as a negative electrode material powder have a reversible capacity of about 1500 mAh / g, so a lithium ion secondary battery using silicon oxide as a negative electrode material powder. It was found that there is still room for improvement in the reversible capacity of the battery.
- the present inventors can particularly increase the capacity of the lithium ion secondary battery and make the initial efficiency and cycle characteristics relatively good.
- the cause of the decrease in the capacity of the lithium ion secondary battery was investigated for silicon oxide on which a carbon film was formed.
- the Si content was measured for each of the silicon oxides subjected to the carbon film formation treatment by the alkali dissolution method used as a method for measuring the Si content including the Si content constituting SiC, the difference was as follows. It was within the error range and was almost the same. From this, it is considered that SiC was generated in the vicinity of the interface between the silicon oxide and the carbon film.
- the silicon oxide powder subjected to the carbon film formation treatment the Si content measured by the acid dissolution method is A1 (wt%)
- the Si content measured by the alkali dissolution method is A2 (wt%)
- the reason for this correlation is that Si constituting silicon oxide can no longer contribute to the capacity of the lithium ion secondary battery due to the generation of SiC, and the formed SiC layer can enter lithium ions into silicon oxide and By preventing diffusion.
- the alkali dissolution method and the acid dissolution method will be described later.
- this silicon oxide powder is used as a negative electrode material powder. It was also found that the capacity of the lithium ion secondary battery was small and not practical.
- the present invention has been made on the basis of the above findings, and the gist thereof is as follows. (1) to (3) Lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode powder, (4) Lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode, It exists in the capacitor negative electrode of the following (5), the lithium ion secondary battery of the following (6), and the capacitor of the following (7).
- the powder for negative electrode materials of a lithium ion secondary battery characterized by the following.
- a powder for a lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode material having a conductive carbon film on the surface of a lower silicon oxide powder the Si content measured by an acid dissolution method measured by A1 (wt%), an alkali dissolution method
- the “lower silicon oxide powder” is a SiO x powder satisfying 0.4 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2. A method for measuring x of SiO x and a method for measuring the tar component content will be described later.
- “having a conductive carbon film on the surface” of the lower silicon oxide powder is a result of surface analysis using an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analyzer.
- the Si / C molar ratio value Si / C Is 0.02 or less that is, the surface of the lower silicon oxide powder is almost covered with C and Si is hardly exposed.
- the “acid dissolution method” is a method for measuring Si content, which is performed using an acid and detects Si constituting SiO, SiO, and SiO x contained in silicon oxide. Is a method for measuring the Si content rate, which is performed using an alkali and detects Si included in silicon oxide, Si, SiO, SiO x, and SiC.
- Lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode powder according to the present invention, and lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode or capacitor negative electrode are used to provide lithium having a large discharge capacity and good cycle characteristics, and can be used at a practical level. An ion secondary battery and a capacitor can be obtained. Moreover, the lithium ion secondary battery and capacitor of the present invention have a large discharge capacity and good cycle characteristics.
- the lower silicon oxide powder is SiO x satisfying 0.4 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2 as described above. This is because when the value of x is less than 0.4, the lithium-ion secondary battery using the negative electrode material powder of the present invention and the capacitor undergo severe deterioration due to the charge / discharge cycle, and when it exceeds 1.2, the capacity of the battery This is because becomes smaller. Further, x preferably satisfies 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.05.
- the powder for a lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode material of the present invention preferably has a total content of tar components of 1 mass ppm or more and 4000 mass ppm or less.
- the tar component is generated when the conductive carbon film is formed, as will be described later.
- the total content of the tar components is more than 4000 ppm by mass, resistance to expansion and contraction of the negative electrode accompanying charging / discharging of the lithium ion secondary battery is poor, and the cycle characteristics are inferior.
- it is 4000 mass ppm or less, a lithium ion secondary battery having good initial efficiency and cycle characteristics can be obtained, and in particular, cycle characteristics are improved. If it is 1500 ppm by mass or less, initial efficiency and cycle characteristics are further improved.
- the total content of the tar component is set to 1 mass ppm or less because the time for vacuum treatment of the negative electrode material powder for the lithium ion secondary battery becomes longer and the manufacturing cost is increased. From these things, it is more preferable that the total content of the tar component is 40 mass ppm or more and 1500 mass ppm or less.
- the average particle size of the lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode powder is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 3 ⁇ m or more and 12 ⁇ m or less. If the average particle size is too small, the bulk density becomes too low, and the charge / discharge capacity per unit volume is reduced. On the other hand, if the average particle diameter is too large, it is difficult to produce the electrode film constituting the working electrode 2c shown in FIG. 1, and the powder may be peeled off from the current collector.
- the average particle diameter is a value measured as a weight average value D 50 (particle diameter or median diameter when the cumulative weight is 50% of the total weight) in the particle size distribution measurement by the laser light diffraction method.
- the specific resistance of the powder for a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery is preferably 30000 ⁇ cm or less. This is because when the specific resistance is larger than 30000 ⁇ cm, it is difficult to act as an electrode active material of the lithium ion secondary battery. The smaller the specific resistance, the better the electric conduction and the better the electrode active material of the lithium ion secondary battery, so there is no need to provide a lower limit.
- Si content (acid dissolution method) The Si content (A1 (wt%)) in the powder for the negative electrode material for lithium ion secondary batteries by the acid dissolution method was determined by adding nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid to the sample to dissolve the sample, and the resulting solution was analyzed by ICP emission spectrometry Quantitative evaluation is performed by analyzing with an apparatus (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). In the acid dissolution method, Si, SiO and SiO 2 are dissolved, and Si constituting them can be detected. However, Si constituting SiC cannot be detected.
- the Si content (A2 (wt%)) in the negative electrode material for lithium ion secondary batteries by the alkali dissolution method is obtained by adding sodium carbonate and boric acid to the sample, heating to melt, and adding nitric acid to dissolve.
- the obtained solution is quantitatively evaluated by analyzing with an ICP emission spectroscopic analyzer (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
- Measuring method of O content O content in powder for lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode material was analyzed by 10% of sample by inert gas melting / infrared absorption method using oxygen concentration analyzer (Leco, TC436). To evaluate quantitatively.
- SiO x of x in SiO x is the molar ratio of O content and the Si content of the lithium-ion secondary battery negative electrode material for a powder (O / Si).
- the O content is calculated using the measurement method, and the Si content is calculated using the value measured by the acid dissolution method.
- TPD-MS Temporal Programmed Desorption-Mass Spectroscopy
- the tar component refers to a high molecular weight component such as an aromatic hydrocarbon generated when a hydrocarbon or organic gas is thermally decomposed.
- the total amount of components having molecular weights of 57, 106, 178, 202, 252 and 276 is defined as the residual tar component amount (see Table 5 described later).
- Representative chemical species of each molecular weight are 106 for xylene, 178 for phenanthrene and anthracene, 202 for pyrene, 252 for perylene and benzopyrene, and 276 for pentacene and picene.
- the specific resistance ⁇ ( ⁇ cm) of the powder for a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery is calculated using the following equation (2).
- ⁇ R ⁇ A / L
- R electrical resistance ( ⁇ ) of the sample
- A bottom area (cm 2 ) of the sample
- L thickness (cm) of the sample.
- the electrical resistance of the sample was as follows: 0.20 g of the sample was filled in a powder resistance measurement jig (jig part: stainless steel with an inner diameter of 20 mm, frame part: made of polytetrafluoroethylene), and pressurized at 20 kgf / cm 2 for 60 seconds. After that, the measurement is performed by a two-terminal method using a digital multimeter (VOAC7513, manufactured by Iwatatsu Measurement Co., Ltd.). The thickness of the sample is measured with a micrometer.
- VOAC7513 digital multimeter
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a silicon oxide manufacturing apparatus.
- This apparatus includes a vacuum chamber 5, a raw material chamber 6 disposed in the vacuum chamber 5, and a deposition chamber 7 disposed on the upper portion of the raw material chamber 6.
- the raw material chamber 6 is formed of a cylindrical body, and a cylindrical raw material container 8 and a heating source 10 surrounding the raw material container 8 are disposed at the center thereof.
- a heating source 10 for example, an electric heater can be used.
- the deposition chamber 7 is composed of a cylindrical body arranged so that its axis coincides with the raw material container 8.
- a deposition base 11 made of stainless steel is provided on the inner peripheral surface of the deposition chamber 7 for vapor deposition of gaseous silicon oxide generated by sublimation in the raw material chamber 6.
- a vacuum device (not shown) for discharging the atmospheric gas is connected to the vacuum chamber 5 that accommodates the raw material chamber 6 and the deposition chamber 7, and the gas is discharged in the direction of arrow A.
- a mixed granulated raw material 9 in which silicon powder and silicon dioxide powder are blended at a predetermined ratio as a raw material, mixed, granulated and dried is used.
- the mixed granulated raw material 9 is filled in the raw material container 8 and heated (heated by a heating source 10) in an inert gas atmosphere or vacuum to generate (sublimate) SiO.
- Gaseous SiO generated by the sublimation rises from the raw material chamber 6 and enters the deposition chamber 7, is vapor-deposited on the surrounding deposition base 11, and is deposited as lower silicon oxide 12. Thereafter, the lower silicon oxide 12 deposited from the deposition base 11 is removed and pulverized using a ball mill or the like to obtain a lower silicon oxide powder.
- the conductive carbon film is formed on the surface of the lower silicon oxide powder by CVD or the like. Specifically, a rotary kiln is used as an apparatus, and a gas mixture of a hydrocarbon gas or an organic substance-containing gas and an inert gas is used as a gas.
- hydrocarbon gas consisting only of C and H is preferable as the carbon source.
- a hydrocarbon gas is used as a carbon source, an aromatic substance composed of only C and H is generated as a tar component, and components having molecular weights of 57, 106, 178, 202, 252 and 276 are the main components.
- the forming temperature of the conductive carbon film is 750 ° C.
- the treatment time is 20 minutes or more and 120 minutes or less, and is set according to the thickness of the conductive carbon film to be formed. This treatment time is a range in which SiC is not formed in the vicinity of the interface between the surface of the lower silicon oxide powder and the carbon film.
- Vacuum treatment method of lower silicon oxide powder with conductive carbon film formed The lower silicon oxide powder with conductive carbon film formed under vacuum at a temperature of 600 ° C. or higher and 750 ° C. or lower for 10 minutes or longer and 1 hour or shorter Apply vacuum treatment to hold.
- the vacuum treatment is performed in a state where the lower silicon oxide powder is housed in a vacuum chamber, and the internal pressure of the vacuum chamber is maintained at 1 Pa or less using an oil diffusion pump. This internal pressure is measured using a Pirani gauge.
- the tar component generated during the formation of the carbon film can be volatilized and removed from the carbon film by vacuum treatment. Moreover, when the heating holding temperature is in the above range, the generation of SiC in the vicinity of the interface between the silicon oxide and the carbon film is suppressed.
- Configuration of Lithium Ion Secondary Battery A configuration example of a coin-shaped lithium ion secondary battery using the powder for a lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode material and the lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode of the present invention is described with reference to FIG. explain. The basic configuration of the lithium ion secondary battery shown in FIG.
- the negative electrode material used for the negative electrode 2, that is, the working electrode 2c constituting the negative electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention is configured using the powder for negative electrode material of the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention. Specifically, it can be comprised with the powder for lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode materials of this invention which is an active material, another active material, a conductive support material, and a binder. Of the constituent materials in the negative electrode material, the ratio of the powder for the negative electrode material of the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention to the total of the constituent materials excluding the binder is 20 wt% or more. It is not always necessary to add an active material other than the powder for a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention.
- the conductive additive for example, acetylene black or carbon black can be used
- the binder for example, polyacrylic acid (PAA) or polyvinylidene fluoride can be used.
- the lithium ion secondary battery of the present invention uses the above-described powder for a lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode material and a lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode of the present invention, the discharge capacity is large, the cycle characteristics are good, and the practical level. Can withstand use in
- the powder for negative electrode material of the present invention and the negative electrode using the same can also be applied to capacitors.
- Test conditions 1-1 Configuration of Lithium Ion Secondary Battery
- the configuration of the lithium ion secondary battery was the coin shape shown in FIG.
- the negative electrode 2 will be described. Silicon powder and silicon dioxide powder are blended at a predetermined ratio, and mixed, granulated and dried mixed granulation raw materials are used as raw materials, and lower silicon oxide is deposited on the deposition substrate using the apparatus shown in FIG. .
- the deposited lower silicon oxide was pulverized for 24 hours using an alumina ball mill to obtain a powder having an average particle size of 3 to 12 ⁇ m.
- the value of P2 / P1 measured by XRD described above satisfied P2 / P1 ⁇ 0.01, and 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.05.
- a conductive carbon film was formed on the surface of the lower silicon oxide powder using a rotary kiln and hydrocarbon gas.
- the treatment temperature and treatment time during the formation of the conductive carbon film were the conditions shown in Table 2.
- ⁇ means that the Si / C value obtained by the surface analysis using XPS described above was 0.02 or less, that is, the lower silicon oxide powder was conductive. It has shown that it had a conductive carbon film.
- X indicates that the value of Si / C was larger than 0.02, that is, the lower silicon oxide powder did not have a conductive carbon film.
- the lower silicon oxide powder has a conductive carbon film, and the value of A3 satisfies the condition of the powder for the negative electrode material for lithium ion secondary batteries specified in the present invention. It is an example of an invention.
- A3 is the difference (A2 ⁇ A1) between the Si content A2 (wt%) measured by the alkali dissolution method and the Si content A1 (wt%) measured by the acid dissolution method.
- Test Nos. 1, 5, and 6 are comparative examples in which at least one of the state of the conductive carbon film and the value of A3 does not satisfy the conditions of the powder for a negative electrode material for a lithium ion secondary battery defined in the present invention.
- test Nos. 7 and 8 are examples of the present invention in which the lower silicon oxide powder has a conductive carbon film, and the value of A3 satisfies the condition of the powder for a negative electrode material for lithium ion secondary batteries specified in the present invention. Table 3 also shows test number 1 for comparison.
- a slurry is prepared by adding n-methylpyrrolidone to a mixture of 65 wt% of the lower silicon oxide powder, 10 wt% of acetylene black, and 25 wt% of PAA that has been subjected to this conductive carbon film formation treatment.
- This slurry was applied to a copper foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m, dried in an atmosphere at 120 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then punched out to a size with an area of 1 cm 2 on one side to obtain a negative electrode 2.
- the counter electrode 1c was a lithium foil.
- LiPF 6 lithium phosphorous hexafluoride
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- a polyethylene porous film having a thickness of 30 ⁇ m was used as the separator.
- Test Results A charge / discharge test was performed on the lithium ion secondary battery manufactured under the above conditions, and evaluation was performed using the initial discharge capacity and the cycle capacity maintenance rate as indices. These values are shown in Table 2 and Table 3 together with the test conditions.
- the cycle capacity retention rate is a value obtained by dividing the discharge capacity at the 10th cycle by the initial discharge capacity, and the larger this value, the better the cycle characteristics.
- the specific resistance was measured about the lower silicon oxide powder which performed the formation process of an electroconductive carbon membrane
- Test No. 1 which is a comparative example, since the treatment time for forming the carbon film was short, there was little formation of SiC near the interface between the lower silicon oxide powder and the carbon film, and A3 was 0.9, which was within the specified range of the present invention. Met. However, since the carbon film was not sufficiently formed, the film state was x and the specific resistance was as large as 124000 ⁇ cm. Therefore, both the initial discharge capacity and the cycle capacity maintenance rate were inferior to those of the examples of the present invention.
- test numbers 5 and 6 as comparative examples, the carbon film was sufficiently formed and the film state was good.
- the treatment time was as long as 150 minutes
- test number 6 the treatment temperature was as high as 900 ° C., so a large amount of SiC was formed in the vicinity of the interface between the lower silicon oxide powder and the carbon film, and A3 was 19. It was 2 or 20.5, which was larger than the specified range of the present invention. Therefore, the specific resistance was as low as 36 ⁇ cm or 32 ⁇ cm, and the initial discharge capacity and the cycle capacity maintenance rate were both inferior to those of Test No. 1, but were inferior to those of the examples of the present invention.
- Test Nos. 2 to 4, 7 and 8 which are examples of the present invention
- the film state is all good
- A3 is 2.6 to 15.1
- specific resistance is 84 to 29600 ⁇ m, which is within the specified range of the present invention.
- Met In both cases, the initial discharge capacity was 1800 mAh / g or more, and the cycle capacity maintenance rate was 93% or more, which were excellent values.
- the total content of the tar component is lower as the vacuum treatment time is longer, and the initial discharge capacity and the cycle capacity maintenance rate are lower as the total content of the tar component is lower.
- Test No. 7 had a total content of tar components of 4000 ppm by mass or less
- Test No. 8 had 1500 ppm by mass or less.
- Lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode powder according to the present invention, and lithium ion secondary battery negative electrode or capacitor negative electrode are used to provide lithium having a large discharge capacity and good cycle characteristics, and can be used at a practical level. An ion secondary battery and a capacitor can be obtained. Moreover, the lithium ion secondary battery and capacitor of the present invention have a large discharge capacity and good cycle characteristics. Therefore, the present invention is a useful technique in the field of secondary batteries and capacitors.
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Abstract
Description
本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池負極材用粉末は、低級酸化珪素粉末の表面に導電性炭素皮膜を有し、SiC化しているSiの含有率が15.1wt%以下であること、または、酸溶解法で測定したSi含有率をA1(wt%)、アルカリ溶解法で測定したSi含有率をA2(wt%)とし、A3=A2-A1としたとき、A3≦15.1であることを特徴とする。
3-1.導電性炭素皮膜の形成状態の評価方法
本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池負極材用粉末において、「低級酸化珪素粉末の表面に導電性炭素皮膜を有する」とは、AlKα線(1486.6eV)を用いたX線光電子分光分析装置(XPS)で、導電性炭素皮膜の形成処理を施した低級酸化珪素粉末の表面分析を行った場合に、SiとCとのモル比の値Si/Cが0.02以下であることをいう。XPSの測定条件は表1に示すとおりとする。「Si/Cが0.02以下」とは、低級酸化珪素粉末の表面のほとんどがCに覆われており、Siがほとんど露出していない状態である。
酸溶解法によるリチウムイオン二次電池負極材用粉末中のSi含有率(A1(wt%))は、試料に硝酸およびフッ酸を加えて試料を溶解させ、得られた溶液をICP発光分光分析装置(株式会社島津製作所製)で分析することによって定量評価する。酸溶解法では、Si、SiOおよびSiO2が溶解され、これらを構成するSiを検出できる。ただし、SiCを構成するSiは検出できない。
アルカリ溶解法によるリチウムイオン二次電池負極材用粉末中のSi含有率(A2(wt%))は、試料に炭酸ナトリウムおよび硼酸を加え、加熱して融解させ、硝酸を加えて溶解させて得られた溶液を、ICP発光分光分析装置(島津製作所製)で分析することによって定量評価する。アルカリ溶解法では、Si、SiO、SiO2およびSiCが溶解され、これらを構成するSiを検出できる。すなわち、A2-A1(=A3)を算出することにより、リチウムイオン二次電池負極材用粉末中のSiCの含有率およびSiC化しているSiの含有率を定量評価できる。
リチウムイオン二次電池負極材用粉末中のO含有率は、酸素濃度分析装置(Leco社製、TC436)を用いて、試料10mgを不活性ガス融解・赤外線吸収法によって分析することで定量評価する。
SiOxのxは、リチウムイオン二次電池負極材用粉末中のO含有率とSi含有率のモル比(O/Si)である。O含有率は上記測定方法、Si含有率は上記酸溶解法で測定した値を用いて、xを算出する。
リチウムイオン二次電池負極材用粉末の残留タール成分量は、以下のTPD-MS(Temperature Programmed Desorption-Mass Spectroscopy;昇温熱脱離・質量分析法)によって測定することができる。試料50mgをシリカ製セルに入れ、50mL/minのヘリウムガスフロー中で、室温から1000℃まで10K/minの速度で昇温する。そして、発生したガスを質量分析計(株式会社島津製作所製、GC/MS QP5050A)で分析する。
リチウムイオン二次電池負極材用粉末の比抵抗ρ(Ωcm)は、下記(2)式を用いて算出する。
ρ=R×A/L ‥‥(2)
ここで、R:試料の電気抵抗(Ω)、A:試料の底面積(cm2)、L:試料の厚さ(cm)である。
試料の電気抵抗は、粉末抵抗測定用治具(治具部:内径20mmのステンレス製、枠部:ポリテトラフルオロエチレン製)に試料0.20gを充填し、20kgf/cm2で60秒間加圧した後、デジタルマルチメーター(岩通計測株式会社製、VOAC7513)を用いた二端子法で測定する。試料の厚さはマイクロメーターで測定する。
図2は、酸化珪素の製造装置の構成例を示す図である。この装置は、真空室5と、真空室5内に配置された原料室6と、原料室6の上部に配置された析出室7とを備える。
低級酸化珪素粉末の表面への導電性炭素皮膜の形成は、CVD等により行う。具体的には、装置としてロータリーキルンを用い、ガスとして炭化水素ガスまたは有機物含有ガスと、不活性ガスとの混合ガスを用いて行う。
導電性炭素皮膜を形成した低級酸化珪素粉末には、真空下で、600℃以上、750℃以下の温度に10分以上、1時間以下保持する真空処理を施す。真空処理は、低級酸化珪素粉末を真空槽に収容した状態で行い、真空槽の内圧は、油拡散ポンプを用いて1Pa以下に保つ。この内圧は、ピラニー真空計を用いて測定する。
本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池負極材用粉末およびリチウムイオン二次電池負極を用いた、コイン形状のリチウムイオン二次電池の構成例を、前記図1を参照して説明する。同図に示すリチウムイオン二次電池の基本的構成は、上述の通りである。
1-1.リチウムイオン二次電池の構成
リチウムイオン二次電池の構成は、前記図1に示すコイン形状とした。
充放電試験には、二次電池充放電試験装置(株式会社ナガノ製)を用いた。充電は、リチウムイオン二次電池の両極間の電圧が0Vに達するまでは1mAの定電流で行い、電圧が0Vに達した後は、0Vを維持したまま充電を行った。その後、電流値が20μAを下回った時点で充電を終了した。放電は、リチウムイオン二次電池の両極間の電圧が1.5Vに達するまでは1mAの定電流で行った。以上の充放電試験を10サイクル行った。
上記条件で作製したリチウムイオン二次電池について充放電試験を行い、初回放電容量およびサイクル容量維持率を指標として評価を行った。これらの値を試験条件と併せて表2および表3に示す。サイクル容量維持率とは、10サイクル目の放電容量を初回放電容量で除した値であり、この値が大きいほどサイクル特性が良好であることを示す。また、導電性炭素皮膜の形成処理を施した低級酸化珪素粉末について、比抵抗を測定し、試験番号2、7および8についてはタール成分の合計含有率も測定した。表3にはこれらの値も示す。
2:負極、 2a:作用極ケース、 2b:作用極集電体、
2c:作用極、 3:セパレーター、 4:ガスケット、 5:真空室、
6:原料室、 7:析出室、 8:原料容器、 9:混合造粒原料、
10:加熱源、 11:析出基体、 12:低級酸化珪素
Claims (8)
- 低級酸化珪素粉末の表面に導電性炭素皮膜を有するリチウムイオン二次電池負極材用粉末であって、
SiC化しているSiの含有率が15.1wt%以下であり、
比抵抗が30000Ωcm以下であることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池負極材用粉末。 - 低級酸化珪素粉末の表面に導電性炭素皮膜を有するリチウムイオン二次電池負極材用粉末であって、
酸溶解法で測定したSi含有率をA1(wt%)、
アルカリ溶解法で測定したSi含有率をA2(wt%)とし、
A3=A2-A1としたとき、A3≦15.1であり、
比抵抗が30000Ωcm以下であることを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池負極材用粉末。 - TPD-MSで測定したタール成分の合計含有率が、1質量ppm以上、4000質量ppm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池負極材用粉末。
- CuKα線を用いたXRDで測定した場合に、2θ=10°~30°に現れるSiOxに由来するハローの最大値P1と、2θ=28.4±0.3°に現れるSi(111)の最強線ピークの値P2が、P2/P1<0.01を満たすことを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン二次電池負極材用粉末。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン二次電池負極材用粉末を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池負極。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のリチウムイオン二次電池負極材用粉末を用いたキャパシタ負極。
- 請求項5に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池負極を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池。
- 請求項6に記載のキャパシタ負極を用いたキャパシタ。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/703,681 US20130089785A1 (en) | 2010-06-14 | 2011-06-03 | Negative-electrode material powder for lithium-ion secondary battery, negative electrode for lithium-ion secondary battery, negative electrode for capacitor, lithium-ion secondary battery, and capacitor |
| JP2012520274A JP5430761B2 (ja) | 2010-06-14 | 2011-06-03 | リチウムイオン二次電池負極材用粉末、リチウムイオン二次電池負極およびキャパシタ負極、ならびに、リチウムイオン二次電池およびキャパシタ |
| CN201180029372.1A CN102947999B (zh) | 2010-06-14 | 2011-06-03 | 锂离子二次电池负极材料用粉末、锂离子二次电池负极和电容器负极、以及锂离子二次电池和电容器 |
| EP11795367.9A EP2581970A4 (en) | 2010-06-14 | 2011-06-03 | POWDER FOR NEGATIVE LITHIUM-ION RECHARGEABLE BATTERY ELECTRODE MATERIAL, NEGATIVE LITHIUM-ION RECHARGEABLE BATTERY ELECTRODE, NEGATIVE CAPACITOR ELECTRODE, LITHIUM-ION RECHARGEABLE BATTERY, AND CAPACITOR |
| KR1020137000709A KR101509358B1 (ko) | 2010-06-14 | 2011-06-03 | 리튬 이온 이차 전지 음극재용 분말, 리튬 이온 이차 전지 음극 및 커패시터 음극, 및, 리튬 이온 이차 전지 및 커패시터 |
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| JP2014175071A (ja) * | 2013-03-06 | 2014-09-22 | Sony Corp | 二次電池用活物質、二次電池用電極、二次電池、電池パック、電動車両、電力貯蔵システム、電動工具および電子機器 |
| US9742007B2 (en) | 2014-02-27 | 2017-08-22 | Sony Corporation | Active material, electrode, secondary battery, battery pack, electric vehicle, electric power storage system, electric power tool, and electronic apparatus |
| JP2019145477A (ja) * | 2018-02-23 | 2019-08-29 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 積層体とその製造方法 |
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| EP2597708A4 (en) | 2010-07-20 | 2014-08-06 | Osaka Titanium Technologies Co | POWDER FOR LITHIUM ION SECONDARY ELECTRODE NEGATIVE ELECTRODE MATERIAL, NEGATIVE LITHIUM ION SECONDARY BATTERY ELECTRODE AND NEGATIVE CAPACITOR ELECTRODE, AND LITHIUM ION SECONDARY BATTERY AND CAPACITOR |
| KR101513819B1 (ko) * | 2010-08-25 | 2015-04-20 | 오사카 티타늄 테크놀로지스 캄파니 리미티드 | 리튬 이온 2차 전지 음극재용 분말, 이를 이용한 리튬 이온 2차 전지 음극 및 캐패시터 음극, 및 리튬 이온 2차 전지 및 캐패시터 |
| EP3158599B1 (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2019-06-05 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Porous silicon electrode and method |
| TWI798699B (zh) * | 2021-05-19 | 2023-04-11 | 中美矽晶製品股份有限公司 | 矽氧化物之製備裝置 |
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| US9742007B2 (en) | 2014-02-27 | 2017-08-22 | Sony Corporation | Active material, electrode, secondary battery, battery pack, electric vehicle, electric power storage system, electric power tool, and electronic apparatus |
| JP2019145477A (ja) * | 2018-02-23 | 2019-08-29 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 積層体とその製造方法 |
| JP7071732B2 (ja) | 2018-02-23 | 2022-05-19 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | 積層体とその製造方法 |
| US11916227B2 (en) | 2018-02-23 | 2024-02-27 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Multilayer body and method for producing same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102947999B (zh) | 2015-08-26 |
| US20130089785A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
| JP5430761B2 (ja) | 2014-03-05 |
| JPWO2011158459A1 (ja) | 2013-08-19 |
| EP2581970A4 (en) | 2014-02-26 |
| CN102947999A (zh) | 2013-02-27 |
| KR101509358B1 (ko) | 2015-04-07 |
| EP2581970A1 (en) | 2013-04-17 |
| KR20130042548A (ko) | 2013-04-26 |
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