WO2011152185A1 - 熱陰極蛍光ランプ用の電極、および熱陰極蛍光ランプ - Google Patents
熱陰極蛍光ランプ用の電極、および熱陰極蛍光ランプ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011152185A1 WO2011152185A1 PCT/JP2011/061033 JP2011061033W WO2011152185A1 WO 2011152185 A1 WO2011152185 A1 WO 2011152185A1 JP 2011061033 W JP2011061033 W JP 2011061033W WO 2011152185 A1 WO2011152185 A1 WO 2011152185A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrode for a hot cathode fluorescent lamp and a hot cathode fluorescent lamp.
- Fluorescent lamps are used in various applications such as home lighting, backlights for display devices, and light irradiation in various production processes.
- Fluorescent lamps are roughly classified into two types: cold cathode fluorescent lamps and hot cathode fluorescent lamps.
- a cold cathode fluorescent lamp is a general term for fluorescent lamps that do not require heating of the electrode and have a relatively low electrode temperature during operation. In the case of a cold cathode fluorescent lamp, the electrode temperature is at most 400 ° C. to 500 ° C. at most. Degree.
- a hot cathode fluorescent lamp is a general term for fluorescent lamps in which an electrode is heated during operation, and thus the electrode temperature during operation is relatively high, and the electrode temperature often exceeds 1000 ° C.
- a hot cathode fluorescent lamp has higher efficiency and higher brightness than a cold cathode fluorescent lamp, but has a problem that the electrode is consumed heavily and its life is short.
- the electrode of a hot cathode fluorescent lamp has a “filament structure”.
- the filament structure is a structure composed of a metal material such as tungsten or molybdenum whose both ends are held by a support wire, and in this structure, the covering or the metal material itself can be heated by energization.
- the electrode is usually configured by coating this filament with an electron-emitting material called an emitter.
- the emitter has a function of lowering the work function of the electrode and promoting thermionic emission during discharge.
- an alkaline earth metal oxide such as barium oxide (BaO), strontium oxide (SrO), or calcium oxide (CaO) is usually used (for example, Patent Document 1). Therefore, by adopting such a “filament structure” for the electrodes, the startability and lamp efficiency of the hot cathode fluorescent lamp can be improved.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that a fluorescent lamp having good discharge characteristics and saving power can be obtained by using conductive mayenite as a part of the inside of the discharge lamp.
- Patent Document 2 is one in which a conductive mayenite compound is applied to or processed on a powdered or cup-shaped electrode for the purpose of cold cathode fluorescent lamp, external electrode type fluorescent lamp, or flat fluorescent lamp. There is no description.
- the hot cathode fluorescent lamp has the disadvantages that the electrode is consumed more rapidly and the life is shorter than the cold cathode fluorescent lamp.
- the emitter of the electrode tends to wear out with use time, and the remaining amount of the emitter is one factor that determines the life of the hot cathode fluorescent lamp. For this reason, it is conceivable to install a large number of emitters on the filament at the stage of shipment (unused) of the hot cathode fluorescent lamp. However, since the emitter is usually made of a non-conductive oxide, if a large number of emitters are installed on the filament, the electrode temperature is difficult to rise, causing problems with the startability and lamp efficiency of the hot cathode fluorescent lamp. End up.
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and the present invention provides an electrode for a hot cathode fluorescent lamp that can be used properly over a long period of time, and a hot cathode fluorescent lamp including such an electrode.
- the purpose is to provide.
- an electrode for a hot cathode fluorescent lamp A main body that emits thermal electrons; A conductive support for supporting the main body, A lead electrically connected to the conductive support; Have The main body portion does not have a filament structure, and an electrode is provided that is made of a columnar or massive bulk material conductive mayenite compound.
- the number of leads may be one.
- the lead and the conductive support may be integrated.
- the main body may be in the form of a rod.
- the main body may have a mass in the range of 0.001 g to 20 g.
- the main body has an elongated shape along the long axis, and a cross-sectional area (S1) having a cross section perpendicular to the long axis in a range of 0.07 mm 2 to 500 mm 2. ).
- the conductive support has two ends, The first end is connected to the main body, The second end has a shape extending in a direction opposite to the main body, The second end may be connected to the lead or the lead.
- the lead when the electrode is mounted on a hot cathode fluorescent lamp, the lead is encapsulated in a sealing portion that seals a discharge space of the hot cathode fluorescent lamp, In the discharge space, a portion of the lead adjacent to the sealing portion has a cross-sectional area (S2),
- the ratio of the cross-sectional area (S1) in the direction perpendicular to the major axis of the main body to the cross-sectional area (S2) of the lead is in the range of 1: 1 to 2500: 1 (S1: S2). May be.
- the cross-sectional area of the lead (S2) may be in the range of 0.007mm 2 ⁇ 400mm 2.
- a hot cathode fluorescent lamp having a bulb provided with a phosphor and a set of electrodes in the bulb, A hot cathode fluorescent lamp is provided in which at least one of the electrodes is an electrode having the above-described characteristics.
- the present invention provides an illuminating device that includes a hot cathode fluorescent lamp having the above-described characteristics and does not include a heating circuit.
- the present invention provides a dimming illumination device that includes a hot cathode fluorescent lamp having the above-described features and a dimming lighting circuit that does not include a heating circuit.
- an electrode for a hot cathode fluorescent lamp that can be used properly over a long period of time, and a hot cathode fluorescent lamp including such an electrode.
- FIG. 1 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a schematic example of a conventional hot cathode fluorescent lamp.
- FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of electrodes of the hot cathode fluorescent lamp of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic example of a hot cathode fluorescent lamp according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another structure of the conductive support of the electrode.
- FIG. 5 is a sectional view schematically showing still another structure of the conductive support of the electrode.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the lamp current and the voltage of the lamp according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a schematic example of a conventional hot cathode fluorescent lamp.
- FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of electrodes of the hot cathode fluorescent lamp of FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic example of
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic example of an electrode for a hot cathode fluorescent lamp according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the lamp current and the voltage of the lamp according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between the lamp current and the voltage of the lamp according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a partially enlarged view of a partially cut section of a conventional hot cathode fluorescent lamp.
- FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of the electrode 40 of FIG.
- the conventional hot cathode fluorescent lamp 10 includes a tubular glass tube 30 having a discharge space 20, an electrode 40, and a plug portion 50.
- a protective film 60 and a phosphor 70 are installed on the inner surface of the glass tube 30.
- installation of the protective film 60 is arbitrary.
- a discharge gas is sealed in the discharge space 20, and the discharge gas is, for example, argon gas containing mercury.
- the plug part 50 is provided at both ends of the hot cathode fluorescent lamp 10 so as to support the glass tube 30 and has two pins 55.
- the electrode 40 is sealed at both ends of the glass tube 30 (however, only one electrode 40 is shown in FIG. 1).
- the electrode 40 includes a main body portion 41 and support wires 45 a and 45 b.
- the main body 41 has a coiled filament 42 having two end portions 42a and 42b.
- the filament 42 is made of tungsten or molybdenum.
- an emitter (not shown) made of an oxide such as barium oxide (BaO), strontium oxide (SrO), or calcium oxide (CaO) is installed.
- the structure of the main body 41 of the electrode formed by installing the emitter on the filament 42 is particularly referred to as a “filament structure”.
- the support wires 45a and 45b have conductivity, and one ends thereof are electrically joined to the end portions 42a and 42b of the filament 42, respectively.
- the other ends of the support wires 45 a and 45 b are electrically connected to the respective pins 55 of the plug portion 50.
- the support lines 45 a and 45 b have a role of supporting the filament 42.
- the hot cathode fluorescent lamp 10 having such a configuration is operated as follows.
- the filament structure of the electrode 40 (that is, the filament 42 and the emitter) is heated by energization through the pin 55 and the support wires 45a and 45b. At the same time, a voltage is applied between both electrodes 40 (only one is shown in FIG. 1).
- thermoelectrons electrons (thermoelectrons) are emitted from the heated emitter.
- the thermoelectrons move from one electrode to the other due to the electric field formed between the electrodes 40, thereby generating a lamp current.
- thermoelectrons collide with mercury atoms sealed in the discharge space 20 of the glass tube 30.
- mercury atoms are excited, and ultraviolet rays are emitted when the excited mercury returns to the ground state.
- the emitted ultraviolet light is applied to the phosphor 70 of the glass tube 30, and thereby visible light is generated from the phosphor 70.
- the hot cathode fluorescent lamp 10 having the above-described configuration has a problem that the lifetime is relatively short. This is mainly due to the following causes.
- the filament 42 and the emitter of the electrode 40 are rapidly heated, and when discharge is started, the rapid heating causes the emitter held by the filament to scatter and fall off.
- these portions are exposed to a high temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher when discharge is started. For this reason, the filament 42 deteriorates in a relatively short time due to this repetition, and breaks when the deterioration becomes severe. Therefore, scattering and dropping off of the emitter and breakage of the filament 42 are major factors that shorten the life of the entire lamp.
- the emitter on the filament 42 tends to wear out with use time, and if the number of emitters becomes extremely small, the discharge cannot be maintained in the glass tube 30. Therefore, the consumption of the emitter is a major factor that shortens the lifetime of the entire lamp.
- the deterioration and wear of the electrode 40, particularly the filament 42 and the emitter is a major cause of hindering the long life of the lamp.
- the electrode does not have a conventional “filament structure”, and the life of the electrode can be significantly improved. it can.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic example of a hot cathode fluorescent lamp according to the present invention.
- the hot cathode fluorescent lamp 100 includes a tubular bulb 130 made of glass having a discharge space 120, an electrode 140, and a sealing portion 151.
- a protective film 160 and a phosphor 170 are installed on the inner surface of the bulb 130.
- a discharge gas is sealed in the discharge space 120.
- the discharge gas includes a rare gas, and for example, an argon gas containing mercury is used as the discharge gas.
- the protective film 160 has a role of preventing the inner wall of the fluorescent lamp from being blackened by preventing elution of sodium contained in the bulb 130 and suppressing generation of mainly mercury and sodium compounds. However, installation of the protective film 160 is arbitrary.
- Sealing portions 151 are provided at both ends of the hot cathode fluorescent lamp 100 so as to seal the discharge space of the bulb 130.
- the sealing portion 151 is a single member integrated with the valve 130.
- the sealing portion 151 may be configured with a member different from the valve 130.
- the electrode 140 includes a main body 141 and a conductive support 149 for supporting the main body 141.
- the conductive support 149 includes a storage port 152, and the main body 141 can be supported by the conductive support 149 by mounting the main body 141 in the storage port 152. it can.
- the configuration of the conductive support 149 is an example, and the conductive support 149 may support the main body 141 by other methods.
- the main body 141 is provided as a so-called “bulk material”.
- the term “bulk material” is a component that consists of a single member and can exist by itself.
- “bulk material” is different from thin films, coating layers, and applications.
- the “bulk material” is a concept different from a composite member made up of a plurality of members, which is configured by installing a thin film, a coating layer, an applied material, and the like on a base material.
- the main body is exposed to a high temperature during use, when the bulk material has an elongated shape, it is preferable to insert a support material at the center of the bulk material in order to suppress deformation due to heat.
- the main body 141 has a columnar shape and a massive shape.
- the columnar shape means a solid body having the same cross-sectional area on the upper surface and the lower surface, such as a quadrangular column, a hexagonal column, or a cylinder, or a solid shape having different cross-sectional areas on the upper surface and the lower surface, such as a quadrangular frustum and a truncated cone.
- the lump shape means a shape obtained by combining or combining a general three-dimensional shape such as a cone, a pyramid, a cylinder, a square tube, a sphere, or a spiral.
- a shape obtained by combining there is a shape such as a pencil shape in which a bottom surface of one side of a cylinder and a bottom surface of a cone are combined, and a shape in which a bottom surface of one side of a prism is combined with a bottom surface of a prism.
- a cylinder (rod shape) or a pencil shape is preferable.
- the mass of the main body 141 is preferably in the range of 0.001 g to 20 g, and may be, for example, 1 mg or more, for example, in the range of 2 mg to 0.5 g. Thereby, the wear life of the main body 141 can be improved as compared with the conventional emitter.
- the diameter is preferably 0.3 to 5 mm and the length is preferably 1 to 15 mm.
- the diameter of the cylindrical part is preferably 0.3 to 5 mm
- the length of the cylindrical part is preferably 1 to 10 mm
- the length of the conical part is preferably 1 to 10 mm.
- the main body 141 may be in an elongated shape along the long axis.
- the direction perpendicular cross-sectional area relative to the longitudinal axis of the body portion 141 (S1) is in the range of 0.07 mm 2 ⁇ 500 mm 2 preferably may be 0.1 mm 2 ⁇ 7 mm 2 approximately.
- the cross-sectional area in the direction perpendicular to the major axis may be different in the longitudinal direction.
- One end of a conductive lead 155 is connected to a part of the conductive support 149.
- the lead 155 is used as a terminal when a voltage is applied to the electrode 140.
- one end of the lead 155 is inserted into an opening 159 provided in the central portion of the conductive support 149.
- the connection method between the conductive support 149 and the leads 155 is not particularly limited.
- the conductive support 149 and the lead 155 may be configured as an integrated product.
- the other end of the lead 155 penetrates the sealing portion 151 and is led out of the hot cathode fluorescent lamp 100.
- the main body 141 of the electrode 140 is made of a conductive mayenite compound.
- the conductive mayenite compound has a relatively low work function of 2.4 eV and is conductive. For this reason, at the time of starting, discharge by secondary electron emission is started even with a small applied voltage.
- the conductive mayenite compound is self-heated by the discharge and quickly moves to the thermal electron emission stage. Therefore, the same function as the emitter of the electrode 40 in the conventional hot cathode fluorescent lamp 10 can be exhibited, that is, electrons can be efficiently emitted.
- the conductivity of the conductive mayenite is preferably about 0.1 S / cm.
- the heating member corresponding to the conventional filament 42 is not necessary for the main body 141 containing the conductive mayenite compound.
- the main body 141 is provided in the form of a so-called “bulk material” and can be provided in a large mass or a large volume as compared with a form such as a thin film or a coating.
- the electrode 140 does not adopt a “filament structure”, and “disconnection” like a conventional filament does not occur.
- the main body 141 composed of a bulk material can be used, the shortening of the life due to the consumption of the emitter as in the conventional case is suppressed. That is, by setting the bulk amount (mass, volume) of the main body 141 to a large value in advance, the wear life of the main body 141 can be extended. In addition, even if the bulk amount (mass, volume) of the main body 141 is set to a high value in advance, there is no particular problem in performance in the lamp. Further, the initial bulk amount (mass, volume) of the main body 141 can be easily adjusted by adjusting the mass and / or shape of the main body 141.
- the life of the electrode 140 and further the life of the hot cathode fluorescent lamp 100 can be significantly improved.
- the hot cathode fluorescent lamp 100 according to the present invention a preheating circuit and the like can be eliminated, and the structure of the entire lamp can be simplified. That is, it is possible to provide an illumination device that includes the hot cathode fluorescent lamp 100 according to the present invention and does not include a heating circuit.
- the discharge current is controlled by controlling the lighting frequency according to the length of the input time of the pulse signal, thereby controlling the light quantity of the illumination.
- a lighting circuit for dimming has been put into practical use. Dimming is useful from the viewpoint of energy saving and performance.
- the heating circuit reduces the heating current when the discharge current is large and increases the heating current when the discharge current is small. Is controlled.
- the hot cathode fluorescent lamp 100 of the present invention can be dimming by controlling only the discharge current without providing a heating circuit.
- the present invention can provide a dimming lighting device having a hot cathode fluorescent lamp including such a conductive mayenite compound and a dimming lighting circuit that does not include a heating circuit.
- the main body 141 has a self-heating characteristic. For this reason, the lead 155 led out from each electrode 140 is only required for voltage application, and the number of leads 155 can be reduced to one. This simplifies the electrode structure.
- the electrode 140 As described above, the electrode 140 according to the present invention includes the main body 141, the conductive support 149, and the leads 155.
- the main body 141 of the electrode 140 according to the present invention is made of a conductive mayenite compound.
- the “mayenite compound” is a generic term for 12CaO ⁇ 7Al 2 O 3 (hereinafter also referred to as “C12A7”) having a cage ( ⁇ ) structure and a compound (same type compound) having a crystal structure equivalent to C12A7. .
- a mayenite compound includes oxygen ions in a cage, and these oxygen ions are particularly referred to as “free oxygen ions”.
- the “free oxygen ions” can be partially or completely replaced with electrons by reduction treatment or the like, and in particular, those having an electron density of 1.0 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 or more have “conductivity. It is called “mayenite compound”. Since the “conductive mayenite compound” has conductivity as its name indicates, it can be used as an electrode material as in the present invention.
- the electron density of the “conductive mayenite compound” is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 or more, more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 or more. More preferably, it is 0 ⁇ 10 20 cm ⁇ 3 or more.
- the electron density of the conductive mayenite compound is lower than 1.0 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 , the resistance of the electrode when used as an electrode increases.
- the relationship between the electron density and conductivity of the conductive mayenite is as follows.
- the electrical conductivity of the conductive mayenite type compound in the present invention is preferably 0.1 S / cm or more because it is 0.1 S / cm when the electron density is 1 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 . More preferably, it is 0 S / cm or more.
- the maximum value of electrical conductivity can be about 1500 S / cm for a single crystal.
- the electron density of electroconductive mayenite means the measured value of the spin density calculated by the measurement with an electron spin resonance apparatus, or was calculated by the measurement of the absorption coefficient.
- the measured value of the spin density is smaller than 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 , it is preferable to use an electron spin resonance apparatus (ESR apparatus), and when it exceeds 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 , Thus, it is preferable to calculate the electron density.
- ESR apparatus electron spin resonance apparatus
- the intensity of light absorption by electrons in the cage of conductive mayenite is measured, and the absorption coefficient at 2.8 eV is obtained.
- the electron density of the conductive mayenite is quantified using the fact that the obtained absorption coefficient is proportional to the electron density.
- the conductive mayenite is powder or the like and it is difficult to measure the transmission spectrum with a photometer, the light diffusion spectrum is measured using an integrating sphere, and the conductive mayenite is obtained from the value obtained by the Kubelka-Munk method. The electron density is calculated.
- the conductive mayenite compound has a C12A7 crystal structure composed of calcium (Ca), aluminum (Al) and oxygen (O), calcium (Ca), aluminum (Al) and oxygen (O ) May be substituted with other atoms or atomic groups.
- a part of calcium (Ca) is magnesium (Mg), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), lithium (Li), sodium (Na), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), cerium (Ce). , Cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and / or copper (Cu) and the like may be substituted.
- a part of aluminum (Al) is silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), boron (B), gallium (Ga), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), cerium (Ce).
- Praseodymium (Pr), scandium (Sc), lanthanum (La), yttrium (Y), europium (Eu), yttrium (Yb), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and / or terbium (Tb) May be.
- the oxygen in the cage skeleton may be substituted with nitrogen (N) or the like.
- the conductive mayenite compound is preferably a 12CaO ⁇ 7Al 2 O 3 compound, a 12SrO ⁇ 7Al 2 O 3 compound, a mixed crystal compound thereof, or an isomorphous compound thereof.
- the following compounds (1) to (4) are considered as the conductive mayenite compound.
- Mg magnesium
- Sr strontium
- Ca 1-z Sr z calcium strontium aluminate
- y and z are 0.1 or less.
- the free oxygen ion in the cage is an anion such as H ⁇ , H 2 ⁇ , H 2 ⁇ , O ⁇ , O 2 ⁇ , OH ⁇ , F ⁇ , Cl ⁇ , Br ⁇ , S 2 ⁇ or Au ⁇ .
- an anion such as H ⁇ , H 2 ⁇ , H 2 ⁇ , O ⁇ , O 2 ⁇ , OH ⁇ , F ⁇ , Cl ⁇ , Br ⁇ , S 2 ⁇ or Au ⁇ .
- Both cation and anion are substituted, for example wadalite Ca 12 Al 10 Si 4 O 32 : 6Cl ⁇ .
- the main body 141 of the electrode 140 may be composed of the conductive mayenite compound alone, but may further include another additive substance.
- Another additive substance may be, for example, barium oxide (BaO), strontium oxide (SrO), calcium oxide (CaO), or the like.
- Another additive substance is added in the range of, for example, 1 wt% to 50 wt% with respect to the total weight of the main body 141.
- the resistance value of the main body 141 may be in the range of 0.1 ⁇ to 100 ⁇ .
- the resistance value of the main body 141 is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 50 ⁇ , more preferably in the range of 1 to 20 ⁇ , and even more preferably in the range of 2 to 10 ⁇ .
- the resistance value is smaller than 0.1 ⁇ , the current flowing through the entire circuit increases, and it may not be possible to selectively heat only the electrodes. On the other hand, if it is greater than 100 ⁇ , it becomes difficult for the current to flow, and the electrode may not be heated sufficiently.
- the conductivity of the conductive mayenite compound can be adjusted relatively easily by heat treatment in a reducing atmosphere. Therefore, the resistance value of the main body 141 can also be controlled relatively easily. The resistance value can also be controlled by the density of the sintered body.
- the main body 141 has a columnar shape and a massive shape.
- the columnar shape means a solid body having the same cross-sectional area on the upper surface and the lower surface, such as a quadrangular column, a hexagonal column, or a cylinder, or a solid shape having different cross-sectional areas on the upper surface and the lower surface, such as a quadrangular frustum and a truncated cone.
- the lump shape means a shape obtained by combining or combining a general three-dimensional shape such as a cone, a pyramid, a cylinder, a square tube, a sphere, or a spiral.
- the electrode is preferably a cylinder (rod shape) or a pencil shape.
- the mass of the main body 141 is preferably in the range of 0.001 g to 20 g, and may be, for example, 1 mg or more, for example, in the range of 2 mg to 0.5 g. Thereby, the wear life of the main body 141 can be improved as compared with the conventional emitter.
- the main body 141 may be in an elongated shape along the long axis.
- the cross-sectional area (S1) in the direction perpendicular to the major axis of the main body 141 may be about 0.01 mm 2 to 7 mm 2 .
- the cross-sectional area in the direction perpendicular to the major axis may be different in the longitudinal direction.
- a refractory metal is used as the material of the conductive support 149.
- molybdenum and tungsten are suitable.
- Tungsten may be an alloy with thorium.
- iron, nickel, copper, chromium, cobalt may be sufficient, and also these alloys may be sufficient.
- the conductive support 149 may have any shape.
- the conductive support 149 ⁇ / b> A has a first end 181 ⁇ / b> A and a second end 182 ⁇ / b> A.
- the first end portion 181A has a cylindrical or rectangular tube-shaped storage port 152A for storing the main body portion 141 at the center.
- the second end 182A is rod-shaped and extends to the side opposite to the main body 141.
- the second end 182A may be further connected to the lead 155 described above. Alternatively, the second end 182A may be integrated with the lead 155 described above.
- FIG. 5 shows still another structure of the conductive support.
- the conductive support 149B has a rod-shaped first end 181B and a rod-shaped second end 182B.
- the first end 181 ⁇ / b> B is inserted into the main body 141.
- the second end 182B extends to the side opposite to the main body 141.
- the second end 182B may be further connected to the lead 155 described above.
- the second end 182B may be configured integrally with the lead 155 described above.
- the material of the lead 155 is not particularly limited as long as it is a conductive material. Molybdenum, tungsten, iron, nickel, copper, chromium, cobalt, or alloys thereof are preferred. Further, the size, shape and the like of the lead 155 are not particularly limited. As described above, the lead 155 may be integrated with the conductive support (149, 149A, 149B).
- the lead 155 has a cross-sectional area S2 at a position R (see FIG. 3) adjacent to the sealing portion 151 in the discharge space 120, and this cross-sectional area S2 is the cross-sectional area of the main body 141 (in the longitudinal direction).
- S1 Cross-sectional area in a direction perpendicular to the vertical direction
- S1 is preferably equal to or smaller than S1.
- the cross-sectional area ratio (S1: S2) between the cross-sectional area S1 of the main body 141 and the cross-sectional area S2 of the lead 155 is in the range of 1: 1 to 2500: 1.
- This ratio is preferably in the range of 1.5: 1 to 750: 1, more preferably in the range of 4: 1 to 500: 1.
- the heat of the main body 141 of the electrode 140 can be significantly suppressed from escaping to the outside of the hot cathode fluorescent lamp 100 via the conductive support 149 and the leads 155.
- the cross-sectional area of the lead 155 (S2) is preferably in the range of 0.007 mm 2 ⁇ 400 mm 2, and more preferably in a range of from 0.01mm 2 ⁇ 400mm 2.
- phosphor 170 examples include europium-activated yttrium oxide phosphor, cerium terbium-activated lanthanum phosphate phosphor, europium-activated strontium halophosphate phosphor, europium-activated barium magnesium aluminate phosphor, and europium manganese-activated barium magnesium.
- An aluminate phosphor, a terbium activated cerium aluminate phosphor, a terbium activated cerium magnesium aluminate phosphor, an antimony activated calcium halophosphate phosphor, or the like can be used alone or in combination.
- the shape, size, wattage, light color and color rendering property of the fluorescent lamp, etc. are not particularly limited.
- the shape is not limited to a straight pipe as shown in FIG. 3, and may be a round shape, a double ring shape, a twin shape, a compact shape, a U shape, a light bulb shape, or the like.
- the size may be 4 to 110.
- the wattage may be, for example, several watts to hundreds tens of watts.
- Examples of the light color include daylight color, daylight white color, white color, warm white color, and light bulb color.
- the lamp current flowing between both electrodes of the hot cathode fluorescent lamp 100 may be, for example, in the range of 0.010A to 1A.
- the temperature of the electrode 140 when the hot cathode fluorescent lamp 100 is operated may be, for example, about 800 ° C. to 1500 ° C.
- the manufacturing method of the main body 141 is roughly divided into two methods depending on the process of imparting conductivity to the mayenite compound.
- the first method is a method of imparting conductivity to the mayenite compound after sintering the powder of the mayenite compound to obtain a sintered body and then processing the sintered body into a desired shape.
- the second method is a method of imparting conductivity at the same time when a sintered body is obtained by sintering a powder of a mayenite compound.
- the first method of manufacturing the main body 141 made of a conductive mayenite compound includes a step of preparing a powder containing a mayenite compound (step 110), a step of forming a molded body containing the powder (step 120), A step of firing the molded body to obtain a sintered body (step 130) and a step of performing a process of imparting conductivity to the obtained sintered body (step 140).
- step 110 a step of preparing a powder containing a mayenite compound
- step 120 a step of forming a molded body containing the powder
- step 130 A step of firing the molded body to obtain a sintered body
- step 140 a step of performing a process of imparting conductivity to the obtained sintered body
- a mayenite compound powder having an average particle size of about 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m is prepared.
- the average particle size of the powder is preferably 2 ⁇ m or more and 6 ⁇ m or less. If the average particle size is smaller than 1 ⁇ m, it is difficult to agglomerate the powder and make it further finer, and if it is larger than 10 ⁇ m, sintering may not proceed easily.
- the mayenite compound powder is prepared by coarsely pulverizing the mayenite compound raw material and further pulverizing the coarse powder to a fine particle.
- a stamp mill, an automatic mortar, or the like is used for the coarsening of the raw material.
- a ball mill, a bead mill, or the like is used to pulverize the coarse powder to the fine powder having the above average particle diameter.
- Step 120 Next, a molded body containing the mayenite compound powder is manufactured.
- the manufacturing method of the molded body is not particularly limited, and the molded body may be manufactured through a paste (or slurry; the same applies hereinafter) or by pressure molding of powder or paste.
- the paste may be prepared by adding the above-mentioned prepared powder together with a binder to a solvent and stirring.
- a binder either an organic binder or an inorganic binder can be used.
- organic binder for example, nitrocellulose, ethylcellulose, polyethylene oxide and the like can be used.
- a molded body can be obtained by extrusion molding or injection molding the paste.
- a molded body having a desired shape may be formed by placing the above-described prepared powder or paste in a mold and pressurizing the mold.
- Step 130 Next, the obtained molded body is fired.
- the molded body may be previously held at a temperature range of 50 ° C. to 200 ° C. for about 20 to 30 minutes, and the solvent may be volatilized and removed.
- the molded body may be held in advance at a temperature range of 200 to 800 ° C. for about 20 to 30 minutes to remove the binder. Alternatively, both processes may be performed simultaneously.
- Calcination conditions are not particularly limited.
- the firing treatment is performed, for example, in an air atmosphere, a vacuum, or an inert gas atmosphere.
- the firing temperature is, for example, in the range of 1200 ° C. to 1415 ° C., and preferably in the range of 1250 ° C. to 1350 ° C.
- the temperature is lower than 1200 ° C., the sintering is insufficient, and the obtained sintered body may be brittle.
- the firing temperature is higher than 1415 ° C., the melting of the powder proceeds and the shape of the molded body may not be maintained.
- the time for maintaining the temperature may be adjusted so as to complete the sintering of the compact, but is preferably 5 minutes or more, more preferably 10 minutes or more, and even more preferably 15 minutes or more. If the holding time is shorter than 5 minutes, the sintering may not proceed sufficiently. Further, even if the holding time is increased, there is no particular problem in terms of characteristics, but considering the manufacturing cost, the holding time is preferably within 6 hours.
- the obtained sintered body is then processed into a desired shape.
- the machining method is not particularly limited, and machining, electric discharge machining, laser machining, or the like may be applied.
- Step 140 Next, the process which provides electroconductivity with respect to the obtained sintered compact (mayenite compound) is performed.
- Conductivity can be imparted to the sintered body by heat-treating the sintered body in a reducing atmosphere.
- the reducing atmosphere means an atmosphere or a reduced pressure environment in which a reducing agent is present at a site in contact with the atmosphere and an oxygen partial pressure is 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or less.
- the reducing agent for example, carbon or aluminum powder may be mixed with the raw material, and carbon, calcium, aluminum, or titanium may be installed at a site in contact with the atmosphere.
- carbon a method in which the molded body is put in a carbon container and fired under vacuum is exemplified.
- the oxygen partial pressure is, for example, 10 ⁇ 5 Pa or less, preferably 10 ⁇ 10 Pa or less, and more preferably 10 ⁇ 15 Pa.
- the oxygen partial pressure is higher than 10 ⁇ 5 Pa, there is a possibility that sufficient conductivity cannot be obtained.
- the heat treatment temperature is in the range of 600 to 1415 ° C.
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably in the range of 1000 ° C. to 1400 ° C., more preferably in the range of 1200 to 1370 ° C., and still more preferably in the range of 1300 ° C. to 1350 ° C.
- the temperature of heat processing is lower than 600 degreeC, there exists a possibility that sufficient electroconductivity may not be provided to a mayenite compound.
- the heat treatment temperature is higher than 1415 ° C., the sintered body may be melted and the shape of the formed body may not be maintained.
- the heat treatment time is preferably in the range of 5 minutes to 6 hours, more preferably in the range of 10 minutes to 4 hours, and further preferably in the range of 15 minutes to 2 hours. If the holding time is less than 5 minutes, sufficient conductivity may not be obtained. Further, even if the holding time is increased, there is no particular problem in terms of characteristics, but considering the manufacturing cost, the holding time is preferably within 6 hours.
- the main body 141 made of a conductive mayenite compound can be manufactured.
- the second method of manufacturing the main body 141 made of the conductive mayenite compound includes a step of preparing a powder containing the mayenite compound (step 210), a step of forming a molded body containing the powder (step 220), And firing the molded body to obtain a sintered body, and simultaneously imparting conductivity to the sintered body (step 230).
- Step 210 and Step 220 are the same as Step 110 and Step 120 of the first method described above.
- step 230 will be described in detail below.
- Step 230 the molded body obtained in step 220 is fired by the firing process.
- the molded body may be previously held at a temperature range of 50 ° C. to 200 ° C. for about 20 to 30 minutes, and the solvent may be volatilized and removed.
- the molded body may be held in advance at a temperature range of 200 to 800 ° C. for about 20 to 30 minutes to remove the binder. Alternatively, both processes may be performed simultaneously.
- the firing treatment is performed by heat-treating the molded body in a reducing atmosphere.
- the reducing atmosphere means an inert gas atmosphere in which a reducing agent is present at a site in contact with the atmosphere and an oxygen partial pressure of 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or less, or a reduced pressure environment.
- a reducing agent for example, carbon or aluminum powder may be mixed with the raw material, and carbon, calcium, aluminum, or titanium may be installed at a site in contact with the atmosphere.
- carbon a method in which the molded body is put in a carbon container and fired under vacuum is exemplified.
- the oxygen partial pressure is preferably 10 ⁇ 5 Pa or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ 10 Pa, and even more preferably 10 ⁇ 15 Pa or less.
- the oxygen partial pressure is higher than 10 ⁇ 5 Pa, there is a possibility that sufficient conductivity cannot be imparted to the mayenite compound.
- Calcination temperature is in the range of 1200 ° C to 1415 ° C.
- the firing temperature is more preferably in the range of 1250 ° C to 1350 ° C.
- the firing temperature is lower than 1200 ° C., the sintering becomes difficult to proceed, and the obtained sintered body may become brittle.
- the firing temperature is higher than 1415 ° C., melting of the powder proceeds and the shape of the molded body cannot be maintained.
- the firing time may be any time as long as the sintering of the compact is completed and sufficient conductivity is imparted.
- the holding time may be, for example, in the range of 5 minutes to 6 hours, preferably in the range of 10 minutes to 4 hours, and more preferably in the range of 15 minutes to 2 hours.
- When holding time is less than 5 minutes there exists a possibility that sufficient electroconductivity may not be provided to a mayenite compound. Further, even if the holding time is lengthened, there is no particular problem in terms of characteristics, but in consideration of the production cost, it is preferably within 6 hours.
- a main body made of a conductive mayenite compound can be produced.
- the manufacturing method of the main body portion 141 has been described by taking as an example the case where the main body portion 141 of the electrode 140 is composed only of a conductive mayenite compound.
- the mayenite compound powder is converted into, for example, a desired alkaline earth metal carbonate powder in the steps 110 and 210 described above. May be added to prepare a mixed powder.
- a treatment for removing CO 2 generated in the course of the reaction is required. This is because if the CO 2 remains, mercury in the hot cathode fluorescent lamp is deteriorated and luminous efficiency is lowered.
- the removal of CO 2 may be performed, for example, by holding the molded body at a temperature of 800 ° C. to 1200 ° C. for about 20 to 30 minutes in advance under a nitrogen atmosphere or a vacuum.
- Example 1 By the following method, a hot cathode fluorescent lamp actually provided with an electrode having the above-described characteristics was produced, and its characteristics were evaluated.
- the electrode was comprised with the main-body part which consists of an electroconductive mayenite compound, the support body made from molybdenum, and a copper lead wire.
- a sintered body of a conductive mayenite compound for the main body was produced as follows.
- Powder A1 Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) powder were mixed at a molar ratio of 12: 7, and then this mixed powder was kept at 1300 ° C. for 6 hours in the atmosphere. Next, the obtained sintered body was pulverized with an automatic mortar to obtain a powder (hereinafter referred to as powder A1).
- powder A1 When the particle size of the powder A1 was measured by a laser diffraction scattering method (SALD-2100, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), the average particle size was 20 ⁇ m. Further, X-ray diffraction confirmed that the powder A1 had only a 12CaO ⁇ 7Al 2 O 3 structure, and the powder A1 was a (non-conductive) mayenite compound. Further, when the electron density of the powder A1 was determined by an ESR apparatus, the electron density was less than 1 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the powder A1 was pressure-molded at a pressure of 2 MPa to produce a disk-shaped molded body having a diameter of 1 cm and a thickness of 5 mm. Furthermore, this molded body was heated to 1350 ° C. to obtain a sintered body. The obtained sintered body was put in a carbon container with a lid, and this carbon container was put in an electric furnace having an oxygen partial pressure of 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or less (that is, the aforementioned “reducing atmosphere”) in a vacuum. Hold for 2 hours at ° C. Further, the obtained sample was pulverized by a wet ball mill using isopropyl alcohol as a solvent to obtain a powder A2. As a result of the measurement by the laser diffraction scattering method described above, the average particle diameter of the powder A2 was 2 ⁇ m.
- the light diffusion reflection spectrum was measured, and the electron density of powder A2 was determined by the Kubelka-Munk method.
- the electron density of the powder A2 was 7 ⁇ 10 18 cm ⁇ 3 , and it was confirmed that the powder A2 was a conductive mayenite compound.
- powder A2 was pressure-molded to produce a prismatic shaped body having a length of 40 mm, a width of 20 mm, and a thickness of 10 mm.
- This molded body was put in a carbon container with a lid, and the inside of the container was evacuated to 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or less and held at 1300 ° C. for 2 hours. Thereby, the sintered compact B was obtained.
- a cylindrical rod-shaped sample was prepared by grinding the sintered body B.
- the cylindrical rod-shaped sample had a diameter of about 1.85 mm and a total length of about 10 mm.
- the cross-sectional area (S1) was 2.69 mm 2 .
- the sample was heat treated for surface modification. The heat treatment was performed by holding the sample at 1325 ° C. for 2 hours in a vacuum container with an oxygen partial pressure of 10 ⁇ 3 Pa or less in a state where the sample was put in a carbon container. There was no change in the cross-sectional area.
- the support has a cup shape in which a disc is installed at one end of a cylinder, and a metal lead wire is provided at the center of the disc.
- the inner diameter of the cup portion was about 1.9 mm (a dimension that allows the main body portion to be just mounted), and the outer diameter was about 2.1 mm.
- the total length of the support was about 5.1 mm.
- a dumet wire having a diameter of 1 mm ⁇ , that is, a cross-sectional area (S2) of 0.79 mm 2 was connected to the bottom of the support.
- the main body was inserted into the cup hole of the support, and the main body was attached to the support.
- the length of the exposed part from the support of the main body was about 5 mm.
- a cylindrical glass tube having a transparent inner surface coated with a phosphor was prepared. This glass tube had a total length of about 245 mm and a diameter of about 30 mm.
- the electrodes X described above were installed at both ends of the glass tube, and both ends of the glass tube were sealed with the lead wires led out from the middle. As a result, a pair of electrodes were accommodated in the discharge space at an interelectrode distance of about 180 mm. The total length of the lead wire portion of the electrode accommodated in the discharge space was about 3 mm.
- the discharge space of the glass tube was filled with rare gas and mercury as the discharge gas.
- Mercury was filled with about 120 mg to form a lamp (hereinafter referred to as “Lamp A”).
- the electrode portion was configured by mounting a filament coated with the above-mentioned electride on the filament 42 portion. Furthermore, before sealing both ends, the filament was energized and heated to 1000 ° C. while the inside of the glass tube was evacuated to remove organic components. Thereafter, a rare gas and mercury were put in a glass tube and sealed to form a lamp (hereinafter referred to as “lamp B”).
- Lamp C A lamp coated with BaO (hereinafter referred to as “lamp C”) is the same as the manufacturing method of lamp B except that barium carbonate is used instead of powder A2 among the components of paste A used in Comparative Example 1. Was made.
- Example 2 (Durability evaluation of lamp A)
- the lamps A, B, and C are turned on by raising the electrode temperature to a predetermined temperature, maintained for 5 minutes after starting the lighting, and then turned off for 10 minutes to turn off the lamp and cool the electrodes. I left it alone. This lighting maintenance and electrode cooling cycle was repeated up to 50 times to evaluate the degree of electrode degradation.
- the electrode temperature during the test was measured using a radiation thermometer (TR-630, manufactured by Minolta Co., Ltd.).
- the lamp A was tested by putting a ballast resistor of 100 ⁇ into a DC power source, connecting both electrodes via lead wires, and energizing. During the test, when the temperature of the electrode part at the start of lighting was measured, it was about 1400 ° C. After maintaining the lamp on for 5 minutes, the lamp was turned off and the lamp was allowed to stand for 10 minutes to cool the electrode. This operation was repeated 50 times. The lamp A was normally turned on and off repeatedly until the end of the 50 repetition tests.
- an electrode composed of a conductive material mayenite of a bulk material without a filament can maintain stable characteristics over a long period of time as compared with a conventional filament electrode.
- Example 3 A hot cathode fluorescent lamp having an electrode having the above-described characteristics was actually produced by the following method, and it was confirmed that the hot cathode behavior was exhibited.
- the electrode was composed of a main body made of a sintered body of a conductive mayenite compound, a nickel support, and a Kovar lead.
- a mayenite compound powder was prepared as follows. Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) powder and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) powder were mixed so that the molar ratio of calcium oxide (CaO): aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) was 12: 7. Next, this mixed powder was heated to 1350 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 300 ° C./hour in the atmosphere, and held at 1350 ° C. for 6 hours. Thereafter, the temperature was lowered at a cooling rate of 300 ° C./hour to obtain a white lump.
- the white lump was pulverized into pieces having a size of about 5 mm with an alumina stamp mill, and then coarsely pulverized with an alumina automatic mortar to obtain white particles (hereinafter referred to as particles P1).
- particles P1 white particles
- SALD-2100 laser diffraction scattering method
- powder Q1 a white powder (hereinafter referred to as powder Q1) was obtained.
- powder Q1 a white powder (hereinafter referred to as powder Q1) was obtained.
- the obtained powder Q1 had a C12A7 structure.
- the average particle diameter of the powder Q1 obtained by the laser diffraction scattering method was 3.3 ⁇ m.
- a mayenite compound molded body was produced as follows. 79.8 g of the powder B1 obtained by the above-mentioned method, 13.0 g of polyethylene oxide as a binder for molding, 0.2 g of fatty acid ester as a plasticizer, and 7.0 g of stearic acid as a lubricant are blended, and injection molding is performed. Molded body R1 was obtained.
- the molded body R1 has a shape (like a pencil shape) in which the bottom surface of one side of the cylinder and the bottom surface of the cone are combined (hereinafter referred to as a pencil shape), and the diameter of the column part is 3.4 mm and the length is 5.0 mm.
- the length of the conical part was 2.5 mm.
- a metal wire was inserted into the molded body as follows. Using a router, a hole having a diameter of 0.5 mm and a depth of 2.5 mm was formed in the center of the bottom surface of the molded body R1. A nickel wire having a wire diameter of 0.5 mm and a length of 10 mm preheated using a hot plate heated to 150 ° C. was inserted into the hole of the molded body R1 by a depth of 2.5 mm. In this way, an assembly T1 having a nickel wire inserted therein was obtained. At this time, since the nickel wire was preheated, the resin in the contact portion with the molded body R1 was softened, and the nickel wire could be easily inserted. The molded body R1 is solidified at 70 ° C. or lower. Therefore, the inserted nickel wire was not easily removed at 70 ° C. or lower.
- the binder removal processing of the assembly was performed as follows.
- the assembly T1 was placed in an electric furnace in a state where it was placed on an alumina plate, and heated to 200 ° C. in air for 40 minutes. Furthermore, after heating to 600 degreeC in 8 hours, it was made to cool to room temperature in 2 hours, and the degreased body U1 was obtained.
- the degreased body U1 and metallic aluminum are placed in an alumina crucible having an outer diameter of 20 mm ⁇ inner diameter of 18 mm ⁇ height of 20 mm, and the alumina crucible is placed in a first carbon crucible having an outer diameter of 40 mm ⁇ inner diameter of 30 mm ⁇ height of 40 mm.
- the lid was made of carbon.
- the first carbon crucible with the lid was placed in a second carbon crucible having an outer diameter of 80 mm, an inner diameter of 70 mm, and a height of 75 mm, and a carbon lid was used.
- This crucible was placed in a vacuum atmosphere of 5 Pa or less and heated to 1250 ° C. for 1 hour. After holding at 1250 ° C. for 6 hours, it was cooled to room temperature in 4 hours. The surface of the obtained substance was polished without applying cooling water using a diamond electrodeposition grindstone, and a joined body V1 of the main body portion and the conductive support was obtained.
- the diameter of the cylindrical part in the main body part was 2.8 mm
- the length was 4.1 mm
- the length of the conical part was 2.0 mm.
- the cross-sectional area (S1) of the cylindrical part was 5.94 mm 2 .
- the said main-body part was similarly produced except not having inserted the nickel wire.
- the weight of the main body was 0.085 g.
- this main body was pulverized and subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis, it was C12A7 single phase.
- the electron density determined by the Kubelka-Munk method from the light diffuse reflection spectrum of the obtained powder was 1.6 ⁇ 10 21 cm ⁇ 3 . From this, it was confirmed that it is a conductive mayenite compound.
- the electrode Y was obtained by spot welding the conductive support of the joined body V1 and the Kovar wire as the lead wire.
- the Kovar wire had a diameter of 0.8 mm and a cross-sectional area (S2) of 0.5 mm 2 . That is, S1: S2 was 11.9: 1.
- a sectional view of the electrode Y is shown in FIG.
- the electrode Y has a conductive support 149 inserted in the bottom surface of the pencil-shaped main body 141 on the cylinder side, and is connected to the lead 155.
- Electrodes Y were welded and fixed at both ends of a glass tube having an outer diameter of 4 mm and an inner diameter of 3 mm so that the electrode spacing was 80 mm. This glass tube branches into a T shape at the center and is connected to an exhaust stand. Next, the inside of the lamp was evacuated to 10 ⁇ 5 Torr and evacuated at 400 ° C. for 30 minutes. Thereafter, 120 mg of mercury was introduced and evacuated again to 10 ⁇ 5 Torr. Finally, argon gas was filled to 10 Torr, and the lamp was separated from the exhaust stand with a gas burner. (Hereinafter referred to as “Lamp D”.)
- the operability of the hot cathode fluorescent lamp D produced as described above was evaluated.
- the lamp was set with a DC circuit with a ballast resistance of 2 k ⁇ , and current-voltage hysteresis was measured.
- the glow discharge is performed at about 10 mA, the current is gradually increased, and the current is gradually changed from the glow discharge to the arc discharge.
- the current is gradually decreased and then the light is turned off at about 10 mA after the transition from the arc discharge to the glow discharge. . This was defined as one cycle, and four-cycle measurement was performed. The results are shown in FIG. Between 10 mA and 20 mA, the voltage suddenly decreases from about 400 V to about 200 V.
- the discharge mode changes from glow discharge to arc discharge. It can be confirmed that the discharge is transferred. Moreover, almost the same current-voltage characteristics were shown from the first time to the fourth time, and it was confirmed that the arc discharge was stably performed by supplying a current of 20 mA or more.
- Example 4 (Production of hot cathode fluorescent lamp) A lamp was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 3, except that argon gas was charged to 20 Torr. (Hereinafter referred to as “Lamp E”)
- the present invention can be applied to a fluorescent lamp having an electrode for discharge.
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Abstract
Description
熱電子を放出する本体部と、
該本体部を支持する導電性支持体と、
導電性支持体と電気的に接続されたリードと、
を有し、
前記本体部は、フィラメント構造を有さず、柱状または塊状のバルク材の導電性マイエナイト化合物で構成されている電極が提供される。
第1の端部は、前記本体部と接続され、
第2の端部は、前記本体部とは反対の方向に延伸する形状を有し、
前記第2の端部は、前記リードと接続され、または前記リードとなっても良い。
前記放電空間において、前記リードの前記封止部と隣接する部分は、断面積(S2)を有し、
前記本体部の前記長軸に対して垂直な方向の前記断面積(S1)と、前記リードの断面積(S2)の比は、1:1~2500:1(S1:S2)の範囲であっても良い。
前記電極のうちの少なくとも一つは、前述のような特徴を有する電極である熱陰極蛍光ランプが提供される。
さらに、本発明では、前述のような特徴を有する熱陰極蛍光ランプを有し、加熱回路を備えない照明装置が提供される。
さらに、本発明では、前述のような特徴を有する熱陰極蛍光ランプと、加熱回路を備えない調光用点灯回路と、を有する調光用照明装置が提供される。
次に、本発明による熱陰極蛍光ランプ100の電極140および蛍光体170について、詳しく説明する。なお、バルブ130、封止部151、および保護膜160等の部材に関しては、その仕様は、当業者には十分に明らかであるので、記載を省略する。
前述のように、本発明による電極140は、本体部141、導電性支持体149、およびリード155を有する。
前述のように、本発明による電極140の本体部141は、導電性マイエナイト化合物で構成される。
導電性支持体149の材料には、高融点金属が使用される。例えば、モリブデン、タングステンが好適である。タングステンはトリウムとの合金でもよい。また、鉄、ニッケル、銅、クロム、コバルトでもよく、更に、これらの合金でもよい。なお、導電性支持体149は、いかなる形状であっても良い。
リード155の材質は、導電性を示す材料である限り、特に限られない。モリブデン、タングステン、鉄、ニッケル、銅、クロム、もしくはコバルト、またはこれらの合金が好ましい。また、リード155の寸法、形状等も、特に限られない。なお、前述のように、リード155は、導電性支持体(149、149A、149B)と一体化構成されても良い。
蛍光体170としては、例えば、ユーロピウム付活酸化イットリウム蛍光体、セリウムテルビウム付活燐酸ランタン蛍光体、ユーロピウム付活ハロ燐酸ストロンチウム蛍光体、ユーロピウム付活バリウムマグネシウムアルミネート蛍光体、ユーロピウムマンガン付活バリウムマグネシウムアルミネート蛍光体、テルビウム付活セリウムアルミネート蛍光体、テルビウム付活セリウムマグネシウムアルミネート蛍光体、およびアンチモン付活ハロ燐酸カルシウム蛍光体などを単独、または混合して使用できる。
次に、本発明による電極140の本体部141の製造方法の一例について説明する。
導電性マイエナイト化合物からなる本体部141を製作する第1の方法は、マイエナイト化合物を含む粉末を調製するステップ(ステップ110)と、前記粉末を含む成形体を形成するステップ(ステップ120)と、前記成形体を焼成し、焼結体を得るステップ(ステップ130)と、得られた焼結体に導電性を付与する処理を行うステップ(ステップ140)とを有する。以下、各ステップについて詳しく説明する。
まず、平均粒径1μm~10μm程度のマイエナイト化合物粉末が準備される。特に、粉末の平均粒径は、2μm以上6μm以下であることが好ましい。なお、平均粒径が1μmより小さいと、粉末が凝集してそれ以上の微粉化することが困難であり、10μmより大きいと、焼結が進みにくくなるおそれがある。
次に、マイエナイト化合物粉末を含む成形体が製作される。
次に、得られた成形体が焼成される。なお、成形体が溶媒を含む場合は、予め成形体を50℃~200℃の温度範囲で20~30分程度保持し、溶媒を揮発させて除去しても良い。また、成形体がバインダを含む場合は、予め成形体を200~800℃の温度範囲で20~30分程度保持し、バインダを除去しても良い。あるいは、両者の処理を同時に行っても良い。
次に、得られた焼結体(マイエナイト化合物)に対して導電性を付与する処理が行われる。
導電性マイエナイト化合物からなる本体部141を製作する第2の方法は、マイエナイト化合物を含む粉末を調製するステップ(ステップ210)と、前記粉末を含む成形体を形成するステップ(ステップ220)と、前記成形体を焼成し、焼結体を得ると同時に、焼結体に導電性を付与するステップ(ステップ230)とを有する。このうち、ステップ210およびステップ220については、前述の第1の方法のステップ110およびステップ120と同様である。そこで、以下、ステップ230について詳しく説明する。
このステップでは、焼成処理によって、ステップ220によって得られた成形体が焼成される。なお、成形体が溶媒を含む場合は、予め成形体を50℃~200℃の温度範囲で20~30分程度保持し、溶媒を揮発させて除去しても良い。また、成形体がバインダを含む場合は、予め成形体を200~800℃の温度範囲で20~30分程度保持し、バインダを除去しておいても良い。あるいは、両者の処理を同時に行っても良い。
以下の方法により、実際に前述のような特徴を有する電極を備えた熱陰極蛍光ランプを作製し、その特性について評価した。
電極は、導電性マイエナイト化合物からなる本体部と、モリブデン製の支持体と、銅リード線とで構成した。
以上の工程により、電極Xが得られた。
まず、透明な内表面に蛍光体が塗布された円筒状ガラス管を準備した。このガラス管は、全長が約245mmであり、直径は、約30mmであった。
前述のようにして作製した熱陰極蛍光ランプAの作動性について評価した。作動性については直流電源にバラスト抵抗100Ωを入れ、リード線を介して両電極間に通電を行い、電極間に生じる電圧を測定した。結果を図6に示す。図6に示すように、放電開始直後には、電流が小さく、両電極間には、大きな電圧が発生するものの、ランプ電流値が200mA程度まで増加した以降は、ランプ電流の増加とともに、電圧は、緩やかに低下した。この結果は、放電空間内で適正にアーク放電が生じ、これが適正に持続されることを示しており、本発明による電極を備える熱陰極蛍光ランプは、正しく作動することが確認された。
従来のフィラメント構造のランプと前述のランプAの耐久性を比較するため、エレクトライドをフィラメントに塗布したランプを作製した。
実施例1によって得られた粉末A2を用い、粉末A2:ブチルカルビトールアセテート:テルピネオール:エチルセルロースが重量比で6:2.4:1.2:0.4となるように加えて自動乳鉢で混練し、更に遠心混練機にて精密な混練を施し、ペーストAを得た。次に、市販のタングステンフィラメント(ニラコ社製 W-460100)にペーストAを浸漬させ、エレクトライドを塗布した。塗布後、80℃の空気中で乾燥した。乾燥後、塗布されたエレクトライド粉末の重量は、4mgであった。
比較例1で用いたペーストAの成分のうち、粉末A2の代りに炭酸バリウムを用いた以外は、ランプBの作製方法と同様とし、BaOを塗布したランプ(以下、「ランプC」とする)を作製した。
(ランプAの耐久性評価)
前述のランプA、BおよびCについて、電極温度を所定の温度まで上げて点灯し、点灯を開始してから5分間、点灯を維持し、その後ランプを消灯し、電極を冷却するために10分間放置した。この点灯維持および電極の冷却のサイクルを最大50回繰り返し、電極の劣化度合いを評価した。試験中の電極温度は、放射温度計(ミノルタ株式会社製、TR-630)を用いて測定した。
(ランプBの耐久性評価)
ランプBは、フィラメントに直流電源をつなぐことで電極加熱を行うと共に、両電極に別途直流電源とバラスト抵抗100Ωを接続、通電させ点灯試験を行った。フィラメントを通電加熱したところ、点灯開始時の温度は、およそ1400℃であった。点灯後、フィラメントの通電加熱を停止し、5分間ランプを点灯維持した。その後、電極冷却のためランプを消灯し、10分間放置した。この操作を繰り返したところ、30回点灯を繰り返した段階で、エレクトライド粉末が一部脱落するのが確認された。引き続きこの試験を行ったところ、42回目でランプが点灯しなくなった。ランプBの電極部について、観察を行ったところ、導電性マイエナイトが脱落した部分からフィラメントが断線している様子が確認された。
(ランプCの耐久性評価)
ランプCに対して、ランプBと同様の方法で試験を行った。フィラメントを通電加熱したところ、点灯時の温度はおよそ1400℃であった。点灯後、フィラメントの通電加熱を停止し、5分間ランプを点灯維持した。その後、電極冷却のためランプを消灯し、10分間放置した。この操作を繰り返したところ、28回点灯を繰り返した段階で、BaO粉末が消耗し、塗布部が黒色に変化した。また、BaO粉末が周辺に飛散していることが確認された。さらに試験を進めると、35回目の操作後、ランプのガラス管内壁に、金属成分のスパッタとみられる着色が観測された。引き続きこの試験を行ったところ、48回目でランプが点灯しなくなり、繰り返し試験が不可能となった。ランプCを分解して、電極とガラス管内壁について観察を行ったところ、フィラメントにはBaOがほとんど残っておらず、フィラメントは、断線していた。ガラスの内壁からは、フィラメント成分のWが検出された。
以下の方法により、実際に前述のような特徴を有する電極を備えた熱陰極蛍光ランプを作製し、熱陰極挙動を示すことを確認した。
電極は、導電性マイエナイト化合物の焼結体からなる本体部と、ニッケル製の支持体と、コバール製のリード線とで構成した。
酸化カルシウム(CaO):酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)のモル比換算で12:7となるように、炭酸カルシウム(CaCO3)粉末と、酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)粉末とを混合した。次に、この混合粉末を、大気中、300℃/時間の昇温速度で1350℃まで加熱し、1350℃に6時間保持した。その後、これを300℃/時間の冷却速度で降温し白色塊体を得た。
前述の方法で得られた粉末B1を79.8g、成形用バインダとしてポリエチレンオキサイドを13.0g、可塑剤として脂肪酸エステルを0.2g、潤滑剤としてステアリン酸を7.0g配合し、射出成形により成形体R1を得た。成形体R1は円柱の片側底面と円錐の底面が合わさった(鉛筆のような)形状をしており(以下、ペンシル形状と称する)、円柱部の直径は3.4mm、長さは5.0mm、円錐部の長さは2.5mmであった。
リューターを使って、成形体R1の底面の中心に、直径0.5mm、深さ2.5mmの穴を形成した。
150℃に加熱したホットプレートを用いて予熱した線径0.5mm、長さ10mmのニッケル線を、成形体R1の穴に2.5mmの深さ分挿入した。このようにして、ニッケル線が挿入された、組立体T1を得た。このとき、ニッケル線は予め温められているため、成形体R1との接触部分の樹脂は軟化し、ニッケル線を容易に挿入することができた。成形体R1は、70℃以下では固化する。そのため、挿入されたニッケル線は70℃以下では、容易に抜けなかった。
組立体T1をアルミナ板に置いた状態で電気炉内に設置し、空気中で、40分間で200℃まで加熱した。さらに8時間で600℃まで加熱した後、2時間で室温まで冷却させて脱脂体U1を得た。
脱脂体U1と金属アルミニウムを外径20mm×内径18mm×高さ20mmのアルミナ製坩堝に入れ、このアルミナ製坩堝を外径40mm×内径30mm×高さ40mmの第1のカーボン製坩堝内に設置し、カーボン製の蓋をした。さらに、この蓋付きの第1のカーボン坩堝を、外径80mm×内径70mm×高さ75mmの第2のカーボン製坩堝に設置し、カーボン製の蓋をした。
得られた物質の表面をダイヤモンド電着砥石を用いて冷却水をかけずに研磨し、本体部と導電性支持体の接合体V1が得られた。本体部における円柱部の直径は2.8mm、長さは4.1mm、円錐部の長さは2.0mmであった。また、円柱部の断面積(S1)は5.94mm2であった。
電極Yの断面図を図7に示す。電極Yは、ペンシル形状の本体141の円柱側底面に導電性支持体149が挿入されており、リード155と接続されている。
外径4mm、内径3mmのガラスチューブの両端に、電極間隔が80mmとなるように、電極Yを溶着し固定した。このガラスチューブは中央部でT字に分岐し、排気台に接続されている。次に、ランプ内部を10-5Torrまで真空排気し、400℃で30分間真空排気処理を行った。その後、水銀を120mg導入し、再び10-5Torrまで真空排気を行った。最後に、アルゴンガスを10Torrとなるように充填し、ランプを排気台からガスバーナーで切り離した。(以下、「ランプD」と称する。)
前述のようにして作製した熱陰極蛍光ランプDの作動性について評価した。バラスト抵抗2kΩの直流回路でランプをセットし、電流-電圧のヒステリシスを測定した。まず、10mA程度でグロー放電させ、徐々に電流を増加し、グロー放電からアーク放電に転移した後、今度は徐々に電流を減少させ、アーク放電からグロー放電に転移した後、10mA程度で消灯した。これを1サイクルとし、4サイクル測定を行った。
結果を図8に示す。10mAから20mAの間で電圧が400V程度から200V程度に急激に減少しており、電流を増加することで放電形態がグロー放電からアーク放電に転移し、逆に電流を減少させるとアーク放電からグロー放電に転移することが確認できる。また、1回目から4回目までほぼ同様の電流-電圧特性を示しており、20mA以上通電することで安定してアーク放電が行われることが確認できた。
(熱陰極蛍光ランプの作製)
実施例3において、アルゴンガスを20Torrとなるように充填すること以外は同様にして、ランプを作製した。(以下、「ランプE」と称する)
結果を図9に示す。20mAから30mAの間で電圧が300V程度から150V程度に急激に減少しており、ランプDと同様に、30mA以上通電することで安定してアーク放電が行われることが確認できた。
20 放電空間
30 ガラス管
40 電極
41 本体部
42 フィラメント
42a、42b 端部
45a、45b 支持線
50 プラグ部
55 ピン
60 保護膜
70 蛍光体
100 本発明による熱陰極蛍光ランプ
120 放電空間
130 バルブ
140 電極
141 本体部
149 導電性支持体
151 封止部
152、152A 収容口
155 リード
159 開口
160 保護膜
170 蛍光体
181A、181B 第1の端部
182A、182B 第2の端部。
Claims (12)
- 熱陰極蛍光ランプ用の電極であって、
熱電子を放出する本体部と、
該本体部を支持する導電性支持体と、
導電性支持体と電気的に接続されたリードと、
を有し、
前記本体部は、フィラメント構造を有さず、柱状または塊状のバルク材の導電性マイエナイト化合物で構成されている電極。 - 前記リードの数は、1本である、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記リードと前記導電性支持体とは、一体化構成されている、請求項1または2に記載の電極。
- 前記本体部は、ロッド状の形態である、請求項1乃至3のいずれか一つに記載の電極。
- 前記本体部は、0.001g~20gの範囲の質量を有する、請求項1乃至4のいずれか一つに記載の電極。
- 前記本体部は、長軸に沿った細長い形状を有し、前記長軸に対して垂直な方向の断面が0.07mm2~500mm2の範囲の断面積(S1)を有する、請求項1乃至5のいずれか一つに記載の電極。
- 前記導電性支持体は、2つの端部を有し、
第1の端部は、前記本体部と接続され、
第2の端部は、前記本体部とは反対の方向に延伸する形状を有し、
前記第2の端部は、前記リードと接続され、または前記リードとなる、請求項6に記載の電極。 - 前記リードは、当該電極が熱陰極蛍光ランプに装着された際に、該熱陰極蛍光ランプの放電空間を密閉する封止部に貫通封入され、
前記放電空間において、前記リードの前記封止部と隣接する部分は、断面積(S2)を有し、
前記本体部の前記長軸に対して垂直な方向の前記断面積(S1)と、前記リードの断面積(S2)の比は、1:1~2500:1(S1:S2)の範囲である、請求項7に記載の電極。 - 前記リードの断面積(S2)は、0.007mm2~400mm2の範囲である、請求項8に記載の電極。
- 蛍光体が設置されたバルブと、該バルブ内の一組の電極とを有する熱陰極蛍光ランプであって、
前記電極のうちの少なくとも一つは、請求項1乃至9のいずれか一つに記載の電極である熱陰極蛍光ランプ。 - 請求項10の熱陰極蛍光ランプを有し、加熱回路を備えない照明装置。
- 請求項10の熱陰極蛍光ランプと、加熱回路を備えない調光用点灯回路と、を有する調光用照明装置。
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020127030835A KR20130085946A (ko) | 2010-05-31 | 2011-05-13 | 열음극 형광 램프용 전극 및 열음극 형광 램프 |
| JP2012518308A JPWO2011152185A1 (ja) | 2010-05-31 | 2011-05-13 | 熱陰極蛍光ランプ用の電極、および熱陰極蛍光ランプ |
| CN2011800263069A CN102918626A (zh) | 2010-05-31 | 2011-05-13 | 热阴极荧光灯用电极和热阴极荧光灯 |
| EP11789594.6A EP2579294A1 (en) | 2010-05-31 | 2011-05-13 | Electrode for hot-cathode fluorescent lamp and hot-cathode fluorescent lamp |
| US13/686,174 US20130088141A1 (en) | 2010-05-31 | 2012-11-27 | Electrode for hot cathode fluorescent lamp and hot cathode fluorescent lamp |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010-124977 | 2010-05-31 | ||
| JP2010124977 | 2010-05-31 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/686,174 Continuation US20130088141A1 (en) | 2010-05-31 | 2012-11-27 | Electrode for hot cathode fluorescent lamp and hot cathode fluorescent lamp |
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| WO2011152185A1 true WO2011152185A1 (ja) | 2011-12-08 |
Family
ID=45066566
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/JP2011/061033 Ceased WO2011152185A1 (ja) | 2010-05-31 | 2011-05-13 | 熱陰極蛍光ランプ用の電極、および熱陰極蛍光ランプ |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20130088141A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2579294A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2011152185A1 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20130085946A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN102918626A (ja) |
| TW (1) | TW201232599A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2011152185A1 (ja) |
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| US9305733B2 (en) | 2013-04-26 | 2016-04-05 | Colorado State University Research Foundation | 12CaO-7Al2O3 electride hollow cathode |
| CN104091740A (zh) * | 2014-01-24 | 2014-10-08 | 朱惠冲 | 高强度稀土钼管冷阴极及其制备工艺 |
| JP7377750B2 (ja) * | 2020-03-24 | 2023-11-10 | 株式会社オーク製作所 | 放電ランプおよび放電ランプ用電極の製造方法 |
| ES2897523B2 (es) | 2021-08-10 | 2022-07-18 | Advanced Thermal Devices S L | Cátodo basado en el material C12A7:e ''electride'' para la emisión termiónica de electrones y procedimiento para el empleo del mismo |
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| JPH04174951A (ja) * | 1990-07-19 | 1992-06-23 | Tokyo Densoku Kk | 放電管 |
| JPH0757689A (ja) * | 1993-08-18 | 1995-03-03 | Noritake Co Ltd | 放電管 |
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| WO2009145200A1 (ja) | 2008-05-30 | 2009-12-03 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 蛍光ランプ |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7507289B2 (en) * | 2003-06-26 | 2009-03-24 | Japan Science And Technology Agency | Electroconductive 12CaO—7Al2O3 and compound of same type, and method for preparation thereof |
| CN100543921C (zh) * | 2004-10-29 | 2009-09-23 | 清华大学 | 场发射发光照明光源 |
| US7633226B2 (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2009-12-15 | General Electric Company | Electrode materials for electric lamps and methods of manufacture thereof |
-
2011
- 2011-05-13 TW TW100116955A patent/TW201232599A/zh unknown
- 2011-05-13 JP JP2012518308A patent/JPWO2011152185A1/ja active Pending
- 2011-05-13 EP EP11789594.6A patent/EP2579294A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-05-13 KR KR1020127030835A patent/KR20130085946A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-05-13 CN CN2011800263069A patent/CN102918626A/zh active Pending
- 2011-05-13 WO PCT/JP2011/061033 patent/WO2011152185A1/ja not_active Ceased
-
2012
- 2012-11-27 US US13/686,174 patent/US20130088141A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04174951A (ja) * | 1990-07-19 | 1992-06-23 | Tokyo Densoku Kk | 放電管 |
| JPH0757689A (ja) * | 1993-08-18 | 1995-03-03 | Noritake Co Ltd | 放電管 |
| JP2000340096A (ja) * | 1999-03-19 | 2000-12-08 | Tdk Corp | 電子放出電極 |
| WO2007060890A1 (ja) * | 2005-11-24 | 2007-05-31 | Japan Science And Technology Agency | 金属的電気伝導性12CaO・7Al2O3化合物とその製法 |
| JP2007305422A (ja) | 2006-05-11 | 2007-11-22 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 放電灯用電極及びそれを用いた蛍光ランプ |
| JP2009206036A (ja) * | 2008-02-29 | 2009-09-10 | Sharp Corp | 照明装置、表示装置、及びテレビ受信装置 |
| WO2009145200A1 (ja) | 2008-05-30 | 2009-12-03 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 蛍光ランプ |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20130088141A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
| KR20130085946A (ko) | 2013-07-30 |
| TW201232599A (en) | 2012-08-01 |
| EP2579294A1 (en) | 2013-04-10 |
| JPWO2011152185A1 (ja) | 2013-07-25 |
| CN102918626A (zh) | 2013-02-06 |
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