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WO2011036004A1 - Procédé d'application de revêtement par voie électrochimique et d'intégration de particules dans ce revêtement - Google Patents

Procédé d'application de revêtement par voie électrochimique et d'intégration de particules dans ce revêtement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011036004A1
WO2011036004A1 PCT/EP2010/062237 EP2010062237W WO2011036004A1 WO 2011036004 A1 WO2011036004 A1 WO 2011036004A1 EP 2010062237 W EP2010062237 W EP 2010062237W WO 2011036004 A1 WO2011036004 A1 WO 2011036004A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
particles
layer
coating
incorporated
workpiece
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2010/062237
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jens Dahl Jensen
Oliver Stier
Gabriele Winkler
Stefan Lechner
Marinko Lekic-Ninic
Peter Wieser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of WO2011036004A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011036004A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/66—Electroplating: Baths therefor from melts
    • C25D3/665—Electroplating: Baths therefor from melts from ionic liquids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
    • C25D5/615—Microstructure of the layers, e.g. mixed structure
    • C25D5/617—Crystalline layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/627—Electroplating characterised by the visual appearance of the layers, e.g. colour, brightness or mat appearance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/67—Electroplating to repair workpiece
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/04—Electroplating with moving electrodes
    • C25D5/06—Brush or pad plating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for coating a workpiece, on which electrochemically a layer is produced in which particles of a solid are incorporated.
  • a method of the type mentioned is described for example according to DE 602 25 352 T2. It is possible according to this method to coat the surface electrochemically, for example by means of brush plating.
  • a flow, open-cell sponge or a brush as an intermediary is used to transmit an electrolyte to be coated ⁇ upper surface.
  • a metallic material is deposited on the surface from the electrolyte.
  • the particles to be deposited must be dispersed in the electrolyte used, in which case it must be ensured that a limit concentration of dispersed particles in the electrolyte is not exceeded. Otherwise the particles will fall out of the electrolyte again and form a sludge, which disturbs the electrochemical deposition process. Because of the limiting concentration of dispersible particles in the electrolyte, the concentration of the particles which can be deposited in the layer matrix is also limited.
  • ionic liquids which replace an aqueous electrolyte.
  • ionic liquids ie molten salts, which are liquid in the range of below 100 ° C., preferably even at room temperature, has the advantage that, when they are used, larger process openings for the deposition of metals, which are obtained by means of aqueous electrolytes their position in the voltage series of the metals are difficult or impossible to separate.
  • An example of such a metal is Ta.
  • a reflector disk is called ge, which can be installed in rotor spinning devices and is used to determine the speed.
  • the reflector disc can be provided with a coloring, which is preferably present not only on the surface, but also in the near-surface regions of the reflector disc.
  • the object of the invention is to improve an electrochemical coating process in that the electrodeposited layers can be produced with embedded particles, wherein a large as possible ⁇ SSER room for the electrochemically deposited material and for the deposited particles with regard to the concentration in the coating, the material and the intended use.
  • the particles to be incorporated are applied to the workpiece by a thermal spraying process and then incorporated by the electrochemical coating in the layer.
  • the idea of the invention is thus not to carry out the incorporation of the particles by introducing them into the electrolyte, but to provide a separate coating method for this purpose.
  • the thermal spraying processes are suitable for this purpose, the particles being applied to the surface by spraying.
  • it is necessary to provide by the thermal spraying no closed layer ⁇ but rather to deposit the particles individually on the surface, where they mechanically dig into the surface.
  • the particles, which are present at least substantially on the surface can be incorporated into the layer under construction in an electrochemical coating step.
  • the layer ⁇ matrix is generated by the electrochemical coating and the incorporation of the particles is adjusted by means of the process parameters during thermal coating.
  • Layer design is available. On the one hand, it is also possible to process particles which can not or only poorly be processed in the form of dispersions with the electrolyte. An example of this is CNT (carbon nanotubes) or BNNT (boron nitride nanotubes).
  • CNT carbon nanotubes
  • BNNT boron nitride nanotubes
  • a further advantage is that the concentration of the particles can be in the forming layer varies slightly and especially higher concentration values are Reach ⁇ bar.
  • the concentration of the particles in the layer depends primarily on two parameters. Firstly, during the thermal spraying, the coverage density of the individual Par ⁇ Tikel can be varied on the surface. As a result, the average distance of the individual particles in the lateral layer ⁇ direction is set. It is only limited by the fact that the sprayed particles connect to a closed layer at a certain occupancy rate.
  • the second parameter is the thickness of the electrochemically generated layer. This determines the mean distance of the particles in the direction of the layer formation. Particularly preferred
  • Spraying and electrochemical coating are carried out several times in alternation.
  • the electrochemical layer thus arises in a plurality of layers whose respective thickness is responsible for the spacing of the particles in the direction of the layer formation process. It is not even erfor ⁇ sary, that the particles are completely covered by the electrochemical ⁇ then mixed produced situation when the following number of particles is applied to the surface by means of thermal spraying. However, in this case, the occupation density of the current surface on particles should be selected in such a way that a connection between particles of adjacent layers does not occur too frequently.
  • a cold gas spraying is applied as a thermal spraying method.
  • This is a method in which the coating particles primarily adhere to the surface due to their kinetic energy. This is achieved by means of a cold spray nozzle in a cold gas generated, wherein a heating of the particles is not or only to a small extent. In any case, heating is not enough to melt the particles, as with other thermal spraying methods.
  • the advantage of using cold gas spraying is therefore that the integrity of the microstructure of the particles used is not impaired by the cold gas spraying.
  • this method has the advantage in particular that the particles penetrate at a soft electrochemically prepared matrix layer of the preceding layer in the layer, whereby a better distri ⁇ development of the particles is achieved in the formed layer.
  • the thermal spraying and the coating mix electrochemical ⁇ are provided that in each case carried out simultaneously under different ⁇ union points of the workpiece.
  • a particularly high efficiency in the coating of the workpiece can advantageously be achieved.
  • the prerequisite is that the workpiece is only partially and simultaneously coated with both coating methods. In thermal spraying this is required anyway, because only the point of impact of the coating jet is just coated.
  • electrochemical coating a coating method must be selected in which a partial coating of the component is possible, ie in which the entire component is not immersed in the electrolyte.
  • the simultaneous coating of the workpiece with both coating methods can be used when a cylindrical body, in particular a work roll for rolling mills, is coated as a workpiece, wherein this is set in rotation about its central axis and at one point of its circumference, the electrochemical coating and another location of its circumference, the thermal Sprite ⁇ zen is made.
  • This can be, for example, betechnik ⁇ figure by the cylindrical workpiece is submerged with only a portion of its circumferential surface in the electrolyte.
  • the method can be used particularly advantageously for work rolls of a rolling mill for cold rolling. These serve the transport of the goods to be rolled, z. As a sheet, which is reduced by the leadership between the work rolls, for example, in its wall thickness. Therefore un ⁇ terente the work rolls of a rolling mill much wear.
  • This can be reduced by the coatings applied according to the invention.
  • preferably particles of a hard material are embedded in a ⁇ the coating. These may be, for example, the oxides of Al, Co, Mg, Ti, Si or Zr, the nitrides of Al, B or Si and the carbides of B, Cr, Bi, Si or W.
  • coal can lenstoff come from all mentioned substances used as graphite, diamond or glassy carbon or Gemi ⁇ cal.
  • Particularly preferred hard materials are the following: Tic, B 4 C, Cr 3 C 2, SiC, WC, TiN, TiB 2, A1 2 0 3, Cr0 3, Ti0. 2 Particles of hard metals (WC, Tic or TiN with a proportion of> 90 wt .-% in a matrix of Co, Ni, or Mo) can also be used.
  • the hard materials used in the matrix of the layer produced on the one hand advantageously reduce their abrasion, so that their wear resistance increases. Furthermore, however, the hard materials also comply with the purpose to increase the surface roughness of the layer which is required because ⁇ can be transferred to the sheet to be rolled with the torque of the work rolls. Be the hard materials by the multi-layer structure of the roller over the entire layer thickness provided, it is further advantageously ensured that even with an abrasion of the layer with continuous wear by exposing ever new hard particles, the surface roughness of the roller is maintained. This signified tet ⁇ that advantageously, a component is created which is provided over its lifetime the requirements for the surface roughness met in full measure.
  • an ionic liquid is used as the electrolyte for the electrochemical Beschich ⁇ th.
  • This has the advantage that even less noble metals can be deposited from a non-aqueous medium, namely the molten salt of the ionic coating.
  • Ionic liquids are organic liquids, consisting of a Kati ⁇ on as an alkylated imidazolium, pyridinium, ammonium or phosphonium ion and an anion such.
  • Trifluorphospaten simple hiGene, tetrafluoroborates or Hexafluorphospaten, bi (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imides or tri (pentafluoroethyl) - consist Trifluorphospaten.
  • ionic liquids also have a high electrochemical stability
  • the metals Ti, Ta, Al and Si which can not be deposited from aqueous electrolytes due to the strong evolution of hydrogen, can advantageously be deposited, among other things.
  • Suitable metal salts which are also in the aforementioned WO 2006/061081 A2 called ⁇ to, for example, halides (chlorides, Bromnide, Flu- oride), imides, amides, alcoholates and salts of mono-, di- and multivalent organic acids, such as acetates, oxalates or tartrates.
  • the metals to be electrochemically deposited are brought into the appropriate ionic liquid by anodic dissolution.
  • counter electrode to coating component is a soluble electrode verwen ⁇ det. This consists of the metal that is to be coated. Alternatively, the metal to be deposited may also be added as a salt of the ionic liquid. As a counterelectrode to the substrate then, for example, a platinum electrode can be used. In this case it must be ensured that the concentration of the metal ions to be deposited is maintained in the ionic liquid, which ⁇ example, in the initially above-mentioned DE 43 44 387 Al is described in detail. In addition, when using ionic liquids, the metals can also be deposited as nanocrystalline metal layers. For this purpose, the ionic liquid suitable cations, such as.
  • pyrrolinium ions which are surface active and therefore act as a grain refiner during electrochemical deposition. It is advantageous that it is often possible to dispense with the addition of wetting agents or brighteners under these conditions. According to a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the particles are incorporated only in one part of the coated surface, while the other part of the coated surface is produced without these particles. As a result, a coating of a component with a layer is advantageously possible, which is only partially changed by introducing suitable particles in their requirement profile. At the same time, other areas of the layer can be modified by other particles.
  • partial regions of the layer surface are produced without the incorporation of particles (of course it is also possible to provide parts of the height profile with particles, and this over the entire layer surface - this then results in a multilayer structure or a gradient Structure of the Schichtpro ⁇ fils).
  • the introduction of the particles is determined by the local Use of the thermal coating process directly ge ⁇ controls.
  • the resolution, which should be achieved, ent ⁇ speaks the sphere of influence of the thermal coating beam, for example, the cold gas stream and is therefore pre-geous comparatively accurately adjustable.
  • ⁇ magnetic materials can be incorporated into the layer as particles.
  • ⁇ to be suitable, for example, cobalt, samarium, neodymium, iron and boron compounds such.
  • the change of the magnetic properties for example during rotation of a component, can then z. B. be read out with a field coil arrangement.
  • plastics and / or ceramic materials are also possible.
  • Teflon or PTFE can be used as plastics or aluminum oxide or silicon oxide as a ceramic material.
  • the incorporation into the metallic layer matrix changes the dielectric constant and thus the capacitance in the region of the embedding, so that, for example, upon rotation of a shaft with particles partially embedded in this way, the rotational speed can be read out by means of electrical capacitor plates.
  • the particles may also be selected so the ⁇ that they change the optical reflection behavior of the surface of the layer, which are built a ⁇ such in the layer so as to form a part of the surface.
  • the thereby changing the reflection characteristic at a movement of the component can then be obtained for an optical design of re ⁇ flexed electromagnetic radiation.
  • the reflection behavior can be influenced for example by changing the surface roughness or by a color change of the material by introducing the particles.
  • a color change can be achieved, for example, by suitable ceramic substances, such as spinels.
  • spinels magnesium or aluminum oxides with admixtures of chromium, zinc, iron, cobalt or manganese can be used.
  • the partially embedded Parti ⁇ angle can advantageously be used for speed measurement.
  • the component having an axis of rotation, made so that the particles are provided with the parts of the layer in the circumferential direction with respect to the axis of rotation, with portions of the layer each abwech ⁇ clauses without these particles.
  • there is a cyclic variation of the inserted ⁇ translated sensor signal which is to be called to zoom in speed evaluation.
  • the particles have antimicrobial properties and are incorporated in the layer in such a way that they form part of the surface of the layer.
  • an algae attack can be prevented in components that are exposed to the atmospheric weather.
  • antimicrobial material ⁇ lien for example, silver or manganese oxide can be used.
  • the particles are selected such that they change the wettability of the surface of the layer, and are incorporated into the layer so that they form part of this surface.
  • particles for example, Teflon particles can be incorporated into the layer.
  • First Exemplary Embodiment First, a surface cleaning and activation is carried out on the workpiece to be coated. This can be done, for example, by a so-called brush cleaning by means of egg ⁇ nes alkaline and / or cyanide electrolyte and brush etching by means of an acidic electrolyte such. For example, hydrochloric or sulfuric acid, take place. Then, the first coating step, in which a ductile base material, such as. As nickel or nickel-cobalt is deposited. This process is done by means of brush plating. As an electrical ⁇ lyte a Watts electrolyte, for example, used the advertising. The transmitter of the Brush Platings, the one with the
  • Electrolyte impregnated or sponge can be moved over the surface to be coated.
  • the transmitter may be an anode in the form of a rod, wire mesh or Ku ⁇ rules contained.
  • the material of the anode is either the base material of the deposited layer, which then dissolves and must be replaced regularly, or an inert anode, such as platinum.
  • the further coating step can take place.
  • additional ⁇ materials such as hard particles, by means of thermal spraying, preferably applied cold gas spraying, wherein the particles mechanically with the freshly coated surface clawed and therefore stick.
  • the electrochemically produced surface is hardly subjected to thermal stress before ⁇ geous. Therefore, it can be immediately returned to the electrochemical coating step. It can be realized a dense sequence of electrochemical and thermal coating steps. This provides a faster layer structure is possible, beneficial ⁇ way benefits of higher efficiency of the parts produced.
  • the coating is done in a non-aqueous electrolyte.
  • the surface cleaning and activation of the workpiece to be coated is done in the already-described ⁇ nen way by Brush Cleaning Brush and Etching.
  • the first coating step whereby a metal layer such as titanium istschie ⁇ is. This process is carried out by means of brush plating.
  • the electrolyte used for the deposition of titanium is l-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate is dissolved in the as Io ⁇ nenoughany Titantetrafluoroborat. A felt or sponge is soaked with this electrolyte and moved over the surface of the component to be coated.
  • the transmitter formed by the felt or sponge is equipped in the manner already described with an electrode.
  • This may consist of titanium or an inert material, such as platinum.
  • the second coating step can be carried out in alternation with the electrochemical coating or at the same time at a point at which electrochemical coating is not currently carried out.
  • hard particles with the mentioned Cold gas injection mechanically implanted in the layer surface or a coating carried out such that the individual particles ⁇ at least substantially individually present on the surface to be coated.
  • the particles are then incorporated into the metal matrix in the manner already described, by again depositing titanium electrochemically.
  • the substances already mentioned can be used.
  • the method can also be applied for repair purposes, the coating system (consisting of a cold spray gun and a transfer agent for the brush plating) is transportable and therefore also z.
  • B. on Baustel ⁇ len can be used. Further details of the invention are described below with reference to the drawing. The same or corresponding drawing elements are each provided with the same powerszei ⁇ Chen and are only explained several times as far as There are differences between the individual figures. Show it :
  • FIG 1 shows an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4 to 6 layer structures that can be produced with embodiments of the method according to the invention.
  • the work roll of a rolling mill is provided with a wear protection layer as the work piece 11.
  • the workpiece 11 is rotatably mounted with its central axis 12, wherein the axis of rotation 13 is identical to the central axis 12.
  • a bearing 14 is shown schematically, wherein during the coating, the workpiece 11 is rotated by means of a not shown ⁇ set drive at a constant speed.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of the workpiece 11 from above to vertically below.
  • a transfer device 15 is brought from one side to the workpiece, which consists of a sponge 16 with open pores.
  • an electrolyte is applied to the surface 18 of the workpiece in a manner not shown via a feed system 17, which moves away under the transmitter.
  • an electrochemical coating takes place, for which purpose the workpiece 11 and the transmitter is connected to a voltage source 19.
  • a cold gas spraying takes place on the opposite side of the workpiece.
  • a cold spray nozzle 20 is for this purpose directed onto the surface 18 of the workpiece and guided at a constant speed approximately in the direction of the axis of rotation 13 over the surface.
  • individual particles from the cold gas jet 21 adhere to the surface and are subsequently incorporated into the layer matrix on the transmitter 15 due to the rotation of the workpiece in the subsequently forming layer.
  • a range of movement 22 of the cold spray nozzle 20 is somewhat smaller than the length of the workpiece, since, for example, the respective frontal area is not involved in the rolling process in work rolls as workpieces to be coated and therefore is not exposed to the strong wear stress , If the movement region 22 of the cold spray nozzle 20 is selected such that the water does not extend to the edge of the workpiece to be coated, this has advantages for the process control.
  • the Be ⁇ wegungsmuster the cold spray nozzle is shown in FIG. 2 This takes a course that corresponds to one eight, taking into account the constant movement 24 of the workpiece due to the rotation. Because of the eight-shaped course, a line 25 according to FIG. 3 is described on the surface 18 of the workpiece 11, so that a uniform loading of the surface with particles occurs.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of a layer 26 which has a gradient profile of particles 27.
  • the layer 26 was Herge ⁇ up in four plies 28, wherein the boundary surfaces are only illustrated in broken lines between the sheets 29, as they are in the Schichtmat ⁇ rix in reality no longer recognizable.
  • the particles 27 are respectively at the Grenzflä ⁇ surfaces of the layers, since they inventively each Zvi ⁇ rule the individual layered coating steps 29 formed surface were applied by cold gas spraying to the latest by the interfacial surface.
  • the gradient-like course of the concentration of particles is due to the fact that the occupancy of the individual interfaces 29 with particles 27 decreases from layer to layer.
  • the final surface 18 of the workpiece is then again provided by cold gas spraying with individual particles 27a.
  • these particles 27a may have antimicrobial properties to provide an antimicrobial surface 18.
  • the other Parti ⁇ angle 27 can with their increasing concentration gradient to the component itself, for example, an adjustment of
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a layer 26 is shown as it can be worn on a work roll according to Figure 1 on ⁇ .
  • the two layers 28 close to the workpiece 11 are provided with particles 27 which have a characteristic color and therefore, as soon as they are exposed by abrading the layer 26, indicate the reaching of the end of the working roll life.
  • hard material particles 30 are incorporated, which significantly increase the wear resistance of the layer 26. ⁇ except the it can be seen that the position of the final surface 18 of the workpiece 11 forming is carried out 28 so thin, that the applied to the underlying layer 28
  • Hard material particles 30 protrude from the surface 18.
  • ⁇ by the surface roughness of the work roll as coming used workpiece 11 is increased, this being due to radio ⁇ tion required.
  • the hard material particles of which located in the wear surface 18 are released, but also the hard material particles shown in Figure 5 are 18 exposed inside the layer 26 and thus provide for a consistent Oberflä ⁇ roughness.
  • the functional performance of the work roll is therefore ⁇ progresses layer removal uneinge ⁇ limits provided to the colored particles are exposed 27 and thus the need for a training exchanges show the work roll.
  • FIG. 6 shows an exemplary embodiment of a shaft as a workpiece 11 whose rotational speed is to be measured.
  • the particles 27 are introduced into the layer 26 in radial zones 31, wherein between the zones 31 there are radial zones 32 in which no particles are provided.
  • the particles 27 provide a measurable change in the layer properties, which can be measured by means of a sensor 33, so that it is possible to conclude the rotational speed when the shaft rotates.
  • the particles 27 may, for example ⁇ consist of a hard magnetic material.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé d'application d'un revêtement sur une pièce (11), de préférence sur le cylindre de travail d'un laminoir, l'application du revêtement étant réalisée par voie électrochimique, par exemple par dépôt à la brosse par l'intermédiaire d'un organe de transfert (15). Selon l'invention, des particules sont intégrées dans le revêtement, les particules à intégrer étant transférées sur la surface (18) de la pièce (11) par projection thermique, par exemple au moyen d'une buse de projection à froid (20). L'invention permet ainsi avantageusement de régler exactement la concentration des particules dans le revêtement. Après application des particules, on reprend l'application électrochimique du revêtement, de façon que les particules s'intègrent à la matrice du revêtement.
PCT/EP2010/062237 2009-09-25 2010-08-23 Procédé d'application de revêtement par voie électrochimique et d'intégration de particules dans ce revêtement Ceased WO2011036004A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009043594.8 2009-09-25
DE102009043594A DE102009043594B4 (de) 2009-09-25 2009-09-25 Verfahren zum elektrochemischen Beschichten und Einbau von Partikeln in die Schicht

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WO2011036004A1 true WO2011036004A1 (fr) 2011-03-31

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US11810698B2 (en) 2015-07-06 2023-11-07 Dyson Technology Limited Magnet

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WO2019061059A1 (fr) * 2017-09-27 2019-04-04 东台精机股份有限公司 Dispositif d'impression tridimensionnelle à rouleau et procédé de fonctionnement de ce dernier
CN109551760B (zh) 2017-09-27 2021-01-22 东台精机股份有限公司 滚动式三维打印装置及其操作方法
CN109487261B (zh) * 2018-12-28 2021-02-12 广东工业大学 一种镁合金表面快速电沉积镀层的方法

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