WO2011048944A1 - Control apparatus, energy system and method for controlling same - Google Patents

Abstract

Upon detection of when a distribution voltage supplied from a power distribution system has deviated from a predetermined voltage range, outputs from a node, to which a consumer at which the voltage deviation has been detected is connected, and from renewable power supplies that consumers connected to nodes located downstream of the above node are equipped with are reduced. Further, power consumption of controllable loads that the above consumers are equipped with is increased.

Description

Control device, energy system and control method thereof

The present invention relates to a control device for controlling an energy system in which a renewable power source is linked to a distribution system, the energy system, and a control method thereof.

In order to realize a sustainable society, there is a need for a significant expansion of renewable power sources that can reduce greenhouse gas emissions during operation. In particular, a solar cell (PV: Photo voltaic) is one of the most promising renewable power sources. However, solar power generation using solar cells has a problem that the output changes depending on the weather, that is, the power generation amount is unstable. Therefore, when many photovoltaic power generation facilities are connected to the distribution system, it is predicted that the distribution system will be adversely affected and the distribution voltage becomes unstable.

The unstable distribution voltage means that the voltage of the low-voltage distribution line (approximately 100V or 200V in Japan) supplied to each consumer such as a private house, business office, or municipal facility is an unstable amount of power generated by the renewable power source. It is a problem that fluctuates and is outside the aptitude range.

The electric power sent from the distribution substation at a high voltage (about 6600V in Japan) is a low voltage (about 100V in Japan) at the lowest voltage transformer (hereinafter referred to as pole transformer) in the distribution system. About 200V) and supplied to each consumer. In general, electric power is distributed from 10 pole transformers to 10 to 20 households (in the case of detached houses).

Here, when a current flows through a distribution line (feeder line) having a finite resistance, the distribution voltage fluctuates according to the power demand (power consumption). Until now, there was a difference in power demand between daytime and nighttime, and the distribution voltage fluctuated. However, the direction of current flow is one direction from the distribution substation to each customer, and the fluctuation in power demand was sufficiently small, so the distribution voltage was within the appropriate range (101V ± 6V or 202 ± 20V in Japan). It was.

However, as the amount of renewable power connected to the distribution system increases, the instability of renewable power is added to the change in demand, and customers who own renewable power have signed a contract to sell surplus power to power companies. In this case, a reverse power flow in which the electric power generated by the renewable power source flows from the consumer to the distribution substation also occurs. Therefore, the fluctuation range of the distribution voltage becomes larger than before, and the possibility of deviating from the appropriate range (voltage deviation) increases more and more.

As a method for solving such instability of the distribution voltage, when the distribution voltage is likely to deviate from the appropriate range, a method of reducing the amount of power generated by the renewable power source (output suppression) and the energy of the storage battery, heat pump, etc. There is a method of increasing power consumption using a controllable load that can be stored.

In the energy system of the background art, for example, when a voltage deviation occurs in an arbitrary pole transformer, the output of the renewable power source provided to each consumer connected to the pole transformer and the power consumption due to the controllable load The increase in distribution voltage is suppressed by increasing.

It should be noted that the configurations for realizing output suppression and controllable load control can be generally classified into two types: “autonomous control” (or self-end control) and “remote control” (or centralized control).

For example, PCS (Power Conditioning Subsystem) is known as an “autonomous control” type energy system. The PCS includes a PV, an inverter that enables the power generated by the PV to be linked to a distribution system, and a storage battery that stores the power generated by the PV. The distribution voltage is monitored by this PCS, and when the distribution voltage approaches the upper limit of the appropriate range, the power generation amount of PV is suppressed, or the increase of the distribution voltage can be suppressed by storing electric power in the storage battery.

On the other hand, as a “remote control” type energy system, for example, there are configurations described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2.

Patent Document 1 describes that the amount of power generated by a plurality of PV and the storage battery that stores the power generated by the PV are controlled via an information network. Patent Document 2 describes a method for resolving inequalities in the amount of generated power in money while controlling a renewable power source via an information network to optimally adjust the distribution voltage and power flow. Yes.

Since the output suppression described above is a waste of the power generation capability of the renewable power source, it is desirable that the amount of power to be suppressed is as small as possible.

In addition, whether or not a voltage deviation occurs depends on the number of renewable power sources connected to the distribution line and the location where the renewable power sources are connected. There is also a problem that output suppression is biased toward the power source. With respect to this problem, for example, as described in Patent Document 2, if the loss due to the suppression of the output of the renewable power source is compensated with money, inequalities due to the bias of the output suppression can be solved to some extent. However, even in that case, the power generation capability of the renewable power source is still wasted.

On the other hand, a method using a controllable load cannot be implemented by a customer who does not have a controllable load, and even if the controllable load is owned, output suppression is inevitable unless the load capacity is small.

Also, the amount of increase in power consumption due to the controllable load is not always effectively used by the controllable load, for example, by heat pumps or storage batteries, so that the energy stored for solving the voltage deviation is not always used effectively. It is desirable to have as little as possible.

Note that the system described in Patent Document 1 is a configuration intended to increase the power supply capacity to an emergency load or the like during a self-sustained operation, and does not propose a configuration for eliminating voltage deviation. Moreover, since the system described in Patent Document 2 does not consider control of a controllable load, there is a possibility that the amount of electric power that is suppressed by a renewable power source increases.

Japanese Patent No. 3144323 JP 2004-274812 A

Accordingly, the present invention provides a control device for controlling an energy system capable of minimizing the total amount of output suppression by each renewable power source and the amount of increase in power consumption of a controllable load, the energy system, and a control method thereof. With the goal.

In order to achieve the above object, the control device of the present invention is provided with each consumer having at least one of a renewable power source and a controllable load connected to a power distribution system via a node, and generates power by the renewable power source. A control device connected via a network with a consumer terminal capable of controlling output and controlling power consumption by the controllable load,
When it is detected that the distribution voltage of the power distribution system has deviated from a predetermined voltage, the regeneration provided for the node connected to the customer whose voltage has deviated and the customer connected to the node downstream from the node It has a processing device that outputs a command for suppressing the power generation amount of the power source and increasing the power consumption by the controllable load to the consumer terminal of the consumer.

On the other hand, the energy system of the present invention is an energy system in which a customer having at least one of a renewable power source or a controllable load is connected to a power distribution system via a node,
A consumer terminal installed for each consumer, capable of controlling power output by the regenerative power source and controlling power consumption by the controllable load;
When connected to the customer terminal via a network and detecting that the distribution voltage of the distribution system has deviated from a predetermined voltage, the node to which the customer deviating from the voltage is connected and downstream of the node. A control device for suppressing a power generation amount of the renewable power source included in a consumer connected to a node and outputting a command for increasing power consumption by the controllable load to a consumer terminal of the consumer;
Have

The energy system control method of the present invention is a method for controlling an energy system in which a customer having at least one of a renewable power source or a controllable load is connected to a power distribution system via a node,
When it is detected that the distribution voltage from the distribution system has deviated from a predetermined voltage, the node connected to the customer detecting the voltage deviation and the customer connected to a node downstream from the node are provided This is a method for suppressing the output of a renewable power source and increasing the amount of power consumed by the controllable load provided by the consumer.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a simplified configuration of a power distribution system. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing how each node is connected to a renewable power source and a controllable load via a columnar transformer. FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the energy system of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the control device illustrated in FIG. 3. FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the customer terminal shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of the control device shown in FIG.

Next, the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

The energy system of the present invention includes a control device that collectively manages the output suppression amount of the renewable power source provided to each consumer and the power of the controllable load, and the control device distributes the interconnection points for each consumer. Collects voltage values and allocates the amount of power suppression by each renewable power source and the power consumption by controllable load when voltage deviation occurs. In this embodiment, voltage deviation occurs, for example, a renewable power source and a controllable load connected to a pole transformer, a renewable power source connected to each column transformer downstream from the column transformer, and The output control and the controllable load are controlled by the controllable load. Note that “downstream” refers to a power distribution system including a pole transformer farther from the distribution transformer as viewed from the pole transformer where voltage deviation occurs.

When the output suppression and the controllable load are controlled downstream from the point where the voltage deviation has occurred in this way, the total amount of control power (the output suppression amount of the renewable power source and the power consumption by the controllable load) is minimized. . Moreover, since more controllable loads can be used compared to the background art, the amount of power discarded without being used can be reduced.

The reason why the total amount of control power is minimized by the energy system of the present embodiment is as follows.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a simplified configuration of a power distribution system.

FIG. 1 shows a state where a renewable power source (G) and a controllable load (L) are interconnected at four locations to a distribution line connected to a distribution transformer provided in the distribution substation.

Further, in FIG. 1, the connection point between the renewable power source (G) and the controllable load (L) and the distribution line is referred to as a “node”, and from the connection point close to the distribution transformer toward the connection point far from the distribution transformer. Nodes 1, 2, 3, and 4 are defined.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, each node, a renewable power source (G), and a controllable load (L) are normally connected via a columnar transformer. In FIGS. 1 and 2, a plurality of renewable power sources (G) and controllable loads (L) connected to each node are collectively shown as one.

Here, the current flowing from the nodes 1 to 4 to the pole transformer is i ₁ to i ₄ , the distribution voltage at the nodes 1 to 4 is V ₁ to V ₄ , and the resistance value of the distribution line between the nodes is R. ,
The distribution voltages V ₂ to V ₄ are expressed by the following formulas (1) to (3).

Node 2: V ₂ = R × (1 × i ₂ + 1 × i ₃ + 1 × i ₄ ) + V ₁ (1)
Node 3: V ₃ = R × (1 × i ₂ + 2 × i ₃ + 2 × i ₄ ) + V ₁ (2)
Node 4: V ₄ = R × (1 × i ₂ + 2 × i ₃ + 3 × i ₄ ) + V ₁ (3)
As can be seen from the equations (1) to (3), for example, when a voltage deviation occurs at the node 2 and the distribution voltage V _{2 is} to be lowered, the currents i ₂ to i ₄ flowing from the nodes 2 to 4 to the distribution line are suppressed. It can be seen that the sum of the currents to be suppressed is the smallest.

Similarly, when it is desired to lower the distribution voltage V ₃ , if the currents i ₃ and i ₄ flowing from the nodes 3 and 4 to the distribution line are suppressed, the sum of the currents to be suppressed can be minimized, and the distribution voltage V ₄ can be reduced. If it is desired to lower the current i ₄ flowing from the node 4 to the distribution line, the sum of the currents to be suppressed can be minimized.

In other words, if the output is suppressed at the renewable power source (G) connected to the node where the distribution voltage is to be lowered and the downstream node, and the controllable load (L) is controlled, the distribution voltage deviating from the voltage is lowered. This means that the total amount of control power required for the process can be minimized.

Among the energy systems in which renewable power sources are linked, it has been considered that voltage deviation occurs only at the terminal node of the distribution line (node 4 in the configuration example shown in FIG. 1) in many previous examples. For this reason, output suppression and load control are performed only at the renewable power source (G) and the controllable load (L) connected to the node where the voltage deviation occurs.

However, in an actual energy system,
(1) Renewable power sources are not uniform in each node, and the number and power generation amount are biased.
(2) There is also a configuration in which the distribution line connected to the output of the distribution transformer is further branched in the distribution system.
(3) In a distribution line in which a plurality of pole transformers are connected, the distribution voltage input to the pole transformer varies depending on the connection position (the distribution input that is far from the distribution transformer). The voltage conversion ratio by the pole transformer may be different.
For reasons such as the above, voltage deviation may occur even in the node 2 or the node 3 close to the distribution transformer.

Therefore, in the energy system of this embodiment, the renewable power source and the controllable load connected to the node where the voltage deviation occurs, and the renewable power source and the controllable load connected to each node downstream from the node are included. We propose a configuration that performs output suppression and load control.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the energy system of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 3, the energy system of the present invention includes a plurality of customer terminals 2 and a control device 1, and each customer terminal 2 and the control device 1 are connected via a network.

The distribution line connected to the distribution substation is connected to a plurality of consumers (customer groups) via pole transformers, and the consumer terminal 2 can be a renewable power source, a controllable load, or both It is installed for every consumer with The customer terminal 2 is realized by a computer that can communicate with a network, for example.

The control device 1 is realized by a computer that can communicate with each customer terminal 2 included in the energy system.

The network may have a configuration using PLC (Power Line Communications) or BPL (Broadband over Power Lines) using the power line, the Internet, or a dedicated line.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the control apparatus shown in FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the customer terminal shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 4, the control device 1 includes a communication device 11, a processing device 12, and a storage device 13.

The communication device 11 is an interface for communicating with each customer terminal 2 via a network.

The processing device 12 includes a CPU that executes processing according to a program, and executes processing as the control device 1 described later.

The storage device 13 includes a distribution network information database in which information indicating the configuration of the distribution network and the regenerative power supply for each customer, and information indicating the interconnection position of the controllable load with respect to the distribution network, the regenerative power supply and the controllable load And a control record database in which the control records are stored.

As shown in FIG. 5, the customer terminal 2 includes a communication device 21, a processing device 25, a storage device 26, a voltage measurement unit 22, a first control interface 23, a second control interface 24, and a user interface 27. Yes.

The processing device 25 includes a CPU that executes processing according to a program, measures the distribution voltage using the voltage measurement unit 22, and is provided by the customer via the first control interface 23 and the second control interface 24. Controls renewable power such as PCS and controllable load.

The storage device 26 stores a control record of the power generation amount and output suppression amount of the renewable power source and the power consumption amount by the controllable load.

The voltage measurement unit 22 includes a sensor (not shown) for measuring the distribution voltage, and outputs the measurement result of the distribution voltage by the sensor to the processing device 25.

The first control interface 23 is a renewable power source, for example, measures the reverse power flow from the PCS or outputs an output suppression command to the PCS.

The second control interface 24 controls the power consumption by the controllable load.

The user interface 27 includes an input device (not shown) such as a keyboard and a mouse and an output device (not shown) such as a display device and a printing device, and is controlled by the power generation amount, output suppression amount, or controllable load of a renewable power source. It is used to input controllable load information indicating a history display of electric energy, control conditions permitting control of a renewable power source and controllable load, and the like.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of the control apparatus shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 6, the control device 1 periodically collects the distribution voltage measured at each customer terminal 2 and the controllable load information set by the user (step S1).

Next, the control device 1 determines whether or not there is a node in which a voltage deviation has occurred (step S2). When detecting a node in which a voltage deviation has occurred, the control device 1 refers to the distribution network information database, and Information for each customer connected to the pole transformer corresponding to the node and the pole transformer corresponding to the downstream node is acquired (step S3).

Subsequently, the control device 1 acquires information on the renewable power source and the controllable load included in the node where the voltage deviation has occurred and the customer connected to the downstream node, and controls the controllable load from these control target candidates. Is selected (step S4), and a load control command for increasing the power consumption of the controllable load is output to the customer terminal of the customer (step S5). In addition, when there are sufficiently many consumers permitting control of the controllable load, a load control command for increasing the power consumption with respect to the controllable load selected by the selection method described later may be output.

Next, the control device 1 extracts a renewable power source that is a candidate for control, and an output suppression command for suppressing a required power generation amount for the renewable power source selected by the selection method described later among the candidates. Is output (step S6).

When the control device 1 outputs the load control command and the output suppression command, the control device 1 records the load control command for each controllable load and the output suppression command for each renewable power source in the control record database (step S7). The measured value of the distribution voltage by the terminal is acquired, and the above processing is repeated until there are no nodes where voltage deviation has occurred.

The manager of the power system refers to the control record database of the control device 1 and pays an incentive for each demand based on the amount of control power periodically, for example, once a month.

Note that the distribution network information database may be changed because the configuration of the distribution network may be changed using section switches or interconnection switches in order to relieve accident distribution lines or distribution lines with large voltage drops. It is desirable to update each time the network configuration changes.

The following methods can be considered for selecting a controllable load that outputs a load control command and a renewable power source that outputs an output suppression command.

As described above, when a voltage deviation occurs at an arbitrary node, if the renewable power source and the controllable load are connected to the node and the downstream node, the distribution voltage using which renewable power source and the controllable load are used. Even if is controlled, the total amount of control power can be minimized.

Therefore, it is preferable to control the renewable power source and the controllable load of each consumer as equally as possible. For example, the following two methods can be considered.
(1) Referring to the control record database, select the power generation amount with the largest power generation amount and the smallest past output suppression allocation amount for renewable power sources, and the largest load capacity for controllable loads. Select the one that is large and has the smallest amount of past power consumption.
(2) For a renewable power source, an output suppression amount proportional to the power generation capacity is assigned to all candidates, and for a controllable load, a power consumption proportional to the load capacity is assigned to all candidates.

According to the energy system of this embodiment, the control power amount (the output suppression amount of the renewable power source and the control power amount) is controlled by controlling the output suppression and the controllable load in the entire node downstream from the node where the voltage deviation has occurred. The total amount of power consumption by the controllable load is minimized. Moreover, since more controllable loads can be used compared to the background art, the amount of power discarded without being used can be reduced.

As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated with reference to embodiment, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment. Various modifications that can be understood by those skilled in the art can be made to the configuration and details of the present invention within the scope of the present invention.

This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-242285 filed on Oct. 21, 2009, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein.

Claims (12)

Output suppression that suppresses the amount of power generated by the renewable power source provided for each consumer having at least one of a renewable power source and a controllable load connected to the power distribution system via a node, and power by the controllable load A control device connected via a network to a consumer terminal capable of controlling consumption,
When it is detected that the distribution voltage of the power distribution system has deviated from a predetermined voltage, the regeneration provided for the node connected to the customer whose voltage has deviated and the customer connected to the node downstream from the node The control apparatus which has a processing apparatus which suppresses the electric power generation amount of a power supply, and outputs the instruction | command for increasing the power consumption by the said controllable load to the consumer terminal of this consumer. A storage device including a control record database in which control records of the renewable power source and the controllable load are stored;
The processor is
Referring to the control record database, the power generation amount is the largest, and the power generation amount is suppressed to a renewable power source with the smallest amount of past output suppression allocation,
The control device according to claim 1, wherein the control device increases power consumption by a controllable load having the largest load capacity and the smallest past power consumption allocation amount. The processor is
Assign an output suppression amount proportional to the power generation capacity to the renewable power source,
The control device according to claim 1, wherein a power consumption proportional to the load capacity is assigned to the controllable load. The control device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the consumer and the node are connected via a columnar transformer. An energy system in which a consumer with at least one of a renewable power source or a controllable load is connected to a power distribution system through a node,
A consumer terminal installed for each consumer, capable of controlling power output by the regenerative power source and controlling power consumption by the controllable load;
When connected to the customer terminal via a network and detecting that the distribution voltage of the distribution system has deviated from a predetermined voltage, the node to which the customer deviating from the voltage is connected and downstream of the node. A control device for suppressing a power generation amount of the renewable power source included in a consumer connected to a node and outputting a command for increasing power consumption by the controllable load to a consumer terminal of the consumer;
Having an energy system. The control device includes:
A control record database in which control records of the renewable power source and the controllable load are stored;
Referring to the control record database, the power generation amount is the largest, and the power generation amount is suppressed to a renewable power source with the smallest amount of past output suppression allocation,
6. The energy system according to claim 5, wherein the power consumption by the controllable load having the largest load capacity and the smallest amount of past power consumption is increased. The control device includes:
Assign an output suppression amount proportional to the power generation capacity to the renewable power source,
6. The energy system according to claim 5, wherein a power consumption proportional to the load capacity is assigned to the controllable load. The energy system according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the customer and the node are connected via a columnar transformer. A method for controlling an energy system in which a customer having at least one of a renewable power source and a controllable load is connected to a power distribution system via a node,
When it is detected that the distribution voltage from the distribution system has deviated from a predetermined voltage, the node connected to the customer detecting the voltage deviation and the customer connected to a node downstream from the node are provided A method for controlling an energy system that suppresses output of a renewable power source and increases power consumption by the controllable load included in the consumer. Record the control results of renewable power sources and controllable loads as a database,
With reference to the database, the amount of power generation is the largest, and the power generation amount is suppressed to a renewable power source with the smallest amount of past output suppression allocation,
The method of controlling an energy system according to claim 9, wherein the power consumption by the controllable load having the largest load capacity and the smallest amount of past power consumption is increased. Assign an output suppression amount proportional to the power generation capacity to the renewable power source,
The energy system control method according to claim 9, wherein a power consumption proportional to the load capacity is assigned to the controllable load. The method for controlling an energy system according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the consumer and the node are connected via a columnar transformer.

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