WO2010137399A1 - 被分離ガスの分離装置及び方法 - Google Patents
被分離ガスの分離装置及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010137399A1 WO2010137399A1 PCT/JP2010/055664 JP2010055664W WO2010137399A1 WO 2010137399 A1 WO2010137399 A1 WO 2010137399A1 JP 2010055664 W JP2010055664 W JP 2010055664W WO 2010137399 A1 WO2010137399 A1 WO 2010137399A1
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- gas hydrate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
- B01D53/1475—Removing carbon dioxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/10—Inorganic absorbents
- B01D2252/103—Water
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a separation apparatus and method for separating a kind of gas contained in a gas to be separated such as combustion exhaust gas and process gas.
- the chemicals used are expensive, the toxicity of the chemicals is high, and there is a problem of environmental pollution due to leakage of the chemicals.
- the PSA method (physical adsorption method) and membrane separation method require expensive adsorbents (zeolite, etc.) and separation membranes (zeolite membranes, organic membranes).
- the adsorbents and separation membranes are regularly replaced. Maintenance costs are also required.
- the oxyfuel combustion method requires an oxygen separation facility for combustion air, which is costly and has problems such as an increase in thermal NOx due to high concentration oxygen combustion.
- the hydrate separation method in which CO 2 is separated from the gas by hydrating CO 2 in the gas such as combustion exhaust gas and process gas, the separation of CO 2 is performed using only water. It is the cleanest method in terms of being able to do it, and is attracting attention.
- Patent Document 1 CO 2 in combustion exhaust gas is separated by hydrating, and energy generated when the separated CO 2 hydrate is regasified to CO 2 is used as a power recovery device such as a gas explosion. Thus, the compression power of the entire process is reduced.
- the object of the present invention is to reduce the energy consumed when separating a certain kind of gas such as CO 2 from the gas to be separated such as combustion exhaust gas and process gas, and to reduce the operating cost of the apparatus. It is an object to provide a separation apparatus and method.
- a separation apparatus for a gas to be separated hydrates a kind of gas contained in a gas to be separated in which a plurality of gas components are mixed to produce a gas hydrate slurry.
- a gas to be separated comprising: a gas hydrate generating unit to be formed; a dehydrating unit for dehydrating the gas hydrate slurry; and a gas hydrate decomposing unit for degassing and regasifying the gas hydrate obtained by dehydration
- the gas hydrate generator is configured to be included in the gas hydrate generator.
- Gas hydrate production conditions vary depending on the gas species to be gas hydrated, but are generally high pressure and low temperature conditions.
- the temperature is 5 to 20 MPa and 0 to 4 ° C., depending on the CO 2 concentration.
- the kind of gas separated from the gas to be separated in the gas hydrate generator can be re-gasified and used.
- the water generated by the decomposition of the gas hydrate is returned to the gas hydrate generator and reused.
- the water generated by the decomposition is about 10 to 15 ° C.
- the gas hydrate slurry generated in the gas hydrate generating unit is dehydrated in the dehydrating unit, and the water removed from the gas hydrate slurry has a low temperature that is almost the same as that of the gas hydrate generating unit.
- a dehydration unit is provided between the gas hydrate generation unit and the gas hydrate decomposition unit, and water removed from the gas hydrate slurry in the dehydration unit (low temperature similar to that of the hydrate generation unit) And the water produced when the gas hydrate is decomposed in the gas hydrate decomposition part (slightly higher temperature), the temperature of the combined water is the same as when the gas hydrate is decomposed.
- the energy for cooling the water can be reduced.
- the dehydrated high-concentration hydrate slurry is regasified, the decomposition heat energy necessary for regasification can also be reduced.
- a separation apparatus for a gas to be separated according to a second aspect of the present invention is a gas hydrate generator that hydrates a kind of gas contained in a gas to be separated mixed with a plurality of gas components to form a gas hydrate slurry.
- a dehydration unit for dehydrating the gas hydrate slurry, a gas hydrate decomposition unit for degassing and regasifying the gas hydrate obtained by dehydration, and the regasification in the gas hydrate decomposition unit A gas diffusing section that receives the obtained water and dissipates the one kind of gas dissolved in the water, and the water removed from the gas hydrate slurry in the dehydrating section and the gas diffusing section Circulating water combined with water is configured to enter the gas hydrate generating section.
- the gas separated from the gas to be separated is dissolved in the water obtained by regasifying the gas hydrate in the gas hydrate decomposition section.
- solubility of gas in water tends to increase as the pressure increases or the temperature decreases.
- carbon dioxide is known to have a very high solubility in water as compared with other gas components (for example, hydrogen, nitrogen, etc.) contained in the gas to be separated. The separation efficiency will deteriorate.
- the decomposition condition of the hydrate in the gas hydrate decomposition part is set to a high temperature, the gas is less dissolved in water, but when returning the high temperature water to the gas hydrate generation part, Energy consumption for cooling water (circulated water) increases.
- decomposition of the hydrate in the gas hydrate decomposition part is performed at a lower pressure, the gas is less dissolved in water, but when the gas hydrate is sent from the dehydration part to the gas hydrate decomposition part, The gas hydrate decomposition part needs to have a pressure (high pressure) at which the gas hydrate is not decomposed, and the energy consumed to re-pressurize the gas hydrate decomposition part 4 increases.
- a gas diffusion unit is provided separately from the gas hydrate decomposition unit, and water obtained by the regasification in the gas hydrate decomposition unit is sent to the gas diffusion unit, and the regasification is performed in the gas diffusion unit.
- the water in which the gas contained in the resulting water (gas separated from the gas to be separated) has been diffused is combined with the water removed from the gas hydrate slurry and put into the gas hydrate generator as circulating water. It is configured as follows.
- the pressure of the gas hydrate decomposition part is not lowered much, and the gas hydrate decomposition condition is set by setting the temperature high
- the gas hydrate can be decomposed.
- the gas hydrate generator and dehydrator can be set at 6-9 MPa, 2-4 ° C.
- the gas hydrate decomposer can be set at about 4 MPa, 10 ° C. That is, the gas hydrate can be decomposed by reducing the difference in pressure condition and temperature condition between the hydrate generating part or dehydrating part and the gas hydrate decomposition part.
- the pressure of the gas diffusing section is set low.
- gas can be diffused from the water while keeping the temperature of the gas diffusing part low.
- the pressure and temperature of the gas diffusing section when the above-described carbon dioxide is hydrated can be set to about 0.2 to 0.5 MPa and about 10 ° C.
- the pressure in the gas diffusion part is set low, the pressure in the gas hydrate decomposition part decreases when water is transferred from the gas hydrate decomposition part to the gas diffusion part, but only the pressure drop due to the water transfer is compensated. It is only necessary to increase the pressure in the gas hydrate decomposition section. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the energy consumption required for re-pressurization of the gas hydrate decomposition part, compared to the case where the gas hydrate decomposition part described above is set to a low pressure to reduce the gas dissolution into water obtained by the gas hydrate decomposition. it can.
- the water that has passed through the gas diffusing section is united with the water removed from the gas hydrate slurry in the dehydrating section, and is put into the gas hydrate generating section as circulating water. Since the gas diffusing section is provided separately from the gas hydrate decomposition section, gas can be diffused by lowering the pressure, so that it is not necessary to raise the temperature of water in order to diffuse the gas. Therefore, the energy for cooling the water returned to the gas hydrate production
- the gas in water obtained by regasification of the gas hydrate in the gas hydrate decomposition section is diffused to improve the separation efficiency of the gas, and to the operation of the separation apparatus for the gas to be separated Energy consumption can be suppressed and cost reduction can be realized.
- a separation apparatus for a gas to be separated is the compression apparatus for bringing the gas to be separated to a predetermined pressure upstream of the gas hydrate generator in the first aspect or the second aspect. And the pressure energy of the high-pressure gas released from the gas hydrate generator and not hydrated is used as power for the compression device.
- the gas to be separated is compressed by the compression device, and is pressurized to be supplied to the gas hydrate generator.
- the remaining gas gas that does not become hydrate
- the remaining gas after generating a gas hydrate of a certain kind of gas in the gas to be separated generates gas hydrate while maintaining the high pressure. It will be released from the part.
- the pressure energy of the high-pressure gas after hydrating and separating one kind of gas in the gas to be separated that is, the high-pressure gas not hydrated
- the energy consumption in the compression device can be reduced. Therefore, the operation cost of the entire apparatus can be reduced.
- a separation apparatus for a gas to be separated according to a fourth aspect of the present invention includes, in the third aspect, a cooling unit that cools the circulating water using cold heat generated when the high-pressure gas reaches atmospheric pressure. It is characterized by this.
- the circulating water can be cooled by the cold generated when the high-pressure gas becomes atmospheric pressure. .
- energy consumption for cooling the circulating water can be reduced. Therefore, the operation cost of the entire apparatus can be reduced.
- a separation apparatus for a gas to be separated according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in any one of the first to fourth aspects, the hydrated gas is carbon dioxide. Is. According to this aspect, the same operational effects as in any of the first to fourth aspects can be obtained, and the carbon dioxide can be separated from the gas to be separated by being hydrated.
- a separation apparatus for a gas to be separated according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is the gas separation apparatus according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein the gas to be separated is a mixture of a useful gas component and a non-useful gas component. It is a gas, and the gas to be hydrated is the non-useful gas component.
- the useful gas component refers to a gas component useful for a specific application.
- the non-useful gas component is a component that is not useful for the specific application, and that the use of the useless gas component is restricted or inhibited by the presence of the non-useful gas component. Including.
- the same effect as any of the first to fifth aspects can be obtained, and the non-useful gas component can be separated from the gas to be separated by hydrated. Accordingly, it is possible to concentrate and purify useful gas components.
- a method for separating a gas to be separated includes a gas hydrate generation step in which a kind of gas contained in a gas to be separated mixed with a plurality of gas components is hydrated to form a gas hydrate slurry.
- Circulated as a water for generating gas hydrate in the gas hydrate generating step which is obtained by combining the generated water and water generated when the gas hydrate is decomposed in the gas hydrate decomposition step It is characterized by making it. According to this aspect, there exists an effect similar to a 1st aspect.
- a method for separating a gas to be separated includes a gas hydrate generation step in which a kind of gas contained in a gas to be separated mixed with a plurality of gas components is hydrated to form a gas hydrate slurry. Obtained by the dehydration step of dehydrating the gas hydrate slurry, the gas hydrate decomposition step of degassing the gas hydrate obtained by dehydration, and the regasification in the gas hydrate decomposition step.
- the gas separation method is characterized in that, in the seventh aspect or the eighth aspect, the gas to be hydrated is carbon dioxide.
- the same effect as the seventh aspect or the eighth aspect can be obtained, and the carbon dioxide can be separated from the gas to be separated by hydrated.
- the present invention it is possible to reduce energy consumption required for hydrating and separating a kind of gas contained in the gas to be separated, and to reduce the operating cost of the apparatus.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a separation apparatus for a gas to be separated according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a separation apparatus 1 for a gas to be separated includes a gas hydrate generator 2 that hydrates a kind of gas contained in a gas to be separated G 0 to form a gas hydrate slurry, and the gas hydrate.
- a dehydrating unit 3 for dehydrating the slurry and a gas hydrate decomposing unit 4 for decomposing and regasifying the gas hydrate obtained by dehydration are provided.
- a compression device 5 such as a centrifugal compressor and a gas cooler 6 are used to bring the gas G 0 to be separated into a predetermined pressure and temperature at which the kind of gas is hydrated. It has.
- the combustion exhaust gas, the separation gas G 0, such as process gas is hot usually about 40 ⁇ 200 ° C., water (water vapor), oil, ash, contains a small amount of drain 9 of the dust. Therefore, the gas to be separated G 0 is cooled to a predetermined temperature (for example, about 40 ° C.) in the gas cooler 7 before being sent to the compression device 5, and is drained by a drain removing device 8 such as a mist separator, a cyclone, or a wet cleaning device. After the drain 9 is removed, the gas hydrate generator 2 is supplied.
- a drain removing device 8 such as a mist separator, a cyclone, or a wet cleaning device.
- CO 2 carbon dioxide
- the CO 2 hydrate varies depending on the CO 2 concentration, but can be generated under conditions of, for example, 5 to 20 MPa and 0 to 4 ° C.
- the gas to be separated G 0 is supplied to the gas hydrate generating unit 2 under the conditions for generating the CO 2 hydrate in the compression device 5 and the gas cooler 6.
- the temperature of the gas to be separated G 0 is increased to about 0 to 1 ° C. by the gas cooler 6 in consideration of the generation heat generated at the time of CO 2 hydrate generation and the temperature in the gas hydrate generation unit 2 rising. It is desirable to cool and blow into the gas hydrate generator 2 set to about 4 ° C.
- the gas hydrate generation step in the gas hydrate generation unit 2 can be performed by a known method such as a bubbling method in which fine bubbles are blown into water or a spray method in which water is sprayed into gas.
- the bubbling method is preferable because the gas-liquid contact efficiency is good and the target gas hydrate can be efficiently produced.
- the gas hydrate generator 2 A line 10 for extracting and circulating the water W 3 therein is provided, and the water W 3 is cooled by, for example, a cooler 11 at about 0 to 1 ° C.
- CO 2 of the separation gas G in 0 in the gas hydrate generator 2 is hydrate of, forming a gas hydrate slurry.
- the water content of the gas hydrate slurry is preferably 50 to 95 wt%.
- the gas hydrate generator 2 generates a gas hydrate of a kind of gas in the gas to be separated G 0 , and the remaining gas (gas G 1 that is not hydrated) is gas hydrate. Released from the generator 2.
- the gas hydrate slurry is sent to the dehydration unit 3 and a dehydration process is performed in which the gas hydrate slurry is dehydrated to a moisture content of, for example, about 25 to 60 wt%.
- the water W 1 removed in the dehydration unit 3 is united with water W 2 generated when the gas hydrate decomposition unit 4 described later decomposes the gas hydrate, and the gas hydrate generation unit 2 serves as the circulating water CW.
- Reference numeral 16 denotes a line for sending the circulating water CW.
- the CO 2 hydrate dehydrated in the dehydration unit 3 is decomposed and re-gasified in the gas hydrate decomposition unit 4 (gas hydrate decomposition step).
- Decomposition of gas hydrate requires heat of decomposition, and decomposition of CO 2 hydrate requires heating at about 10 ° C.
- the gas hydrate decomposition unit 4 is provided with a heating unit 12 for circulating, for example, seawater at about 10 to 15 ° C., low-temperature exhaust heat generated from a chemical plant or the like.
- a heater 13 can be provided in the heating unit 12.
- heat generated when the gas to be separated G 0 is compressed in the compression device 5 may be used. This also reduces the decomposition heat energy necessary for regasification.
- the hydrate When CO 2 is regasified in the gas hydrate decomposition section 4, the hydrate is decomposed to produce water.
- the decomposition reaction of the gas hydrate is an endothermic reaction, and the water generated by the decomposition is about 10 to 15 ° C. Therefore, when the water generated by the decomposition is circulated to the gas hydrate generator 2 and reused. It is necessary to cool to the low temperature of the gas hydrate production conditions.
- a dehydration unit 3 is provided between the gas hydrate generation unit 2 and the gas hydrate decomposition unit 4, and the water W 1 removed from the gas hydrate slurry in the dehydration unit 3 and the gas
- the circulating water CW combined with the water W 2 generated when the gas hydrate is decomposed in the hydrate decomposition unit 4 is cooled by the cooler 14 and is put into the gas hydrate generation unit 2.
- the water W 1 removed from the gas hydrate slurry in the dehydration unit 3 has a low temperature that is almost the same as that of the gas hydrate generation unit 2.
- Water W 1 removed from the gas hydrate slurry in the dehydration unit 3 (low temperature similar to that of the hydrate generation unit) and water W generated when the gas hydrate decomposition unit 4 decomposes the gas hydrate 2 (the temperature is somewhat higher), the temperature of the circulating water CW is lower than the water W 2 generated when the gas hydrate is decomposed, so that the water W generated when the gas hydrate is decomposed. 2 only can reduce the energy for comparison with the case back to the gas hydrate generator 2, to cool the circulating water CW.
- the dewatering capacity in the dewatering unit 3 is increased, the amount of water W 1 (low temperature) removed from the gas hydrate slurry increases, and the water W 2 (slightly high temperature) generated by the decomposition of the gas hydrate is increased. Since it decreases, the energy required for cooling the circulating water CW can be further reduced. In addition, the decomposition heat energy required for regasification also decreases as the slurry concentration increases.
- the cooler 11 that cools the water W 3 that is extracted from the gas hydrate generator 2 and circulates through the line 10, the water W 1 that is removed from the gas hydrate slurry, and the gas hydrate
- a cooler 14 for cooling the circulating water CW that was combined with water W 2 that occurs upon decomposition and has a structure in which separately extracts the water W 3 from the gas hydrate formation part 2 a cooler 11 may be omitted (see FIG. 2), and the circulating water CW may be configured to prevent a temperature rise in the gas hydrate generating unit 2 due to the heat generated by the CO 2 hydrate.
- the CO 2 regasified in the gas hydrate decomposition section 4 has a pressure at the time of decomposition of about 3 to 4 MPa, so the pressure is increased to a pressure required for pipeline transportation (for example, 10 to 15 MPa) by the gas compressor 15. To be transported. It is also possible to the CO 2 that regasification is cooled to recover liquid CO 2.
- kind of gas is separated from the separation gas G 0 is not limited to the above embodiments, the separation of methane, ethane, propane, butane, such as hydrogen sulfide, from the separation gas G 0 by hydrate of It is possible to select a gas component that can be used. It goes without saying that the pressure and temperature of the gas hydrate generating unit 2, the dehydrating unit 3, the gas hydrate decomposition unit 4 and the like are changed according to the gas components to be separated.
- Example 2 Another embodiment of the gas separation apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- the same members as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
- CO 2 carbon dioxide
- the remaining gas after generating the CO 2 gas hydrate (the gas G 1 that is not hydrated) remains at a high pressure of 5 to 20 MPa under the CO 2 gas hydrate generation conditions. , And released from the gas hydrate generator 2.
- a power recovery unit 22 such as a known gas expander (axial turbine) is provided on the power shaft of the compression device 5, and the gas hydrate is provided in the power recovery unit 22.
- the high-pressure gas (gas G 1 that is not hydrated) discharged from the generation unit 2 is sent and the pressure energy of the high-pressure gas is used as auxiliary power for the compression device 5.
- the power recovery unit 22 such as the gas expander is directly connected to the power shaft of the compression device 5 as in the present embodiment, for example, the gas expander is connected to a generator to generate power, and the power is supplied to the motor. It can also be used for the driving compression device 5.
- the pressure energy of the high-pressure gas G 1 after hydrating and separating a kind of gas in the gas to be separated G 0 is used as the power of the compression device 5, and the energy consumed in the compression device 5 Can be reduced.
- the power of the high-pressure gas G 1 of 5 to 20 MPa By recovering the power of the high-pressure gas G 1 of 5 to 20 MPa, a reduction of 50% or more of the energy consumed by the compression device 5 can be expected. Therefore, the operation cost of the entire apparatus can be reduced.
- Example 3 Still another embodiment of the separation apparatus for the gas to be separated according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
- the same members as those in the first and second embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
- CO 2 carbon dioxide
- a separation apparatus 31 for a gas to be separated includes a cooling unit 32 such as a heat exchanger using the cold heat, and the cooling unit 32 cools the circulating water CW.
- the temperature in the gas hydrate generator 2 (preventing temperature rise due to the heat generated by the CO 2 hydrate) is performed by the circulating water CW.
- the cooler 14 can be used as appropriate according to the temperature rise in the gas hydrate generator. desirable.
- Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is contained in a process gas in a power generation system such as a chemical plant or gasification combined power generation, and it may be necessary to perform a step of removing CO 2 from the process gas.
- a power generation system such as a chemical plant or gasification combined power generation
- IGCC is attracting attention as a power generation method that can gasify coal and generate power by combining a gas turbine and a steam turbine to efficiently convert coal into energy. The process will be described below.
- coal is gasified to generate a mixed gas such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H 2 ), and water (H 2 O).
- CO contained in the mixed gas is converted into H 2 and CO 2 by a water gas shift reaction to generate a process gas containing CO 2 and H 2 .
- the mixing ratio of CO 2 and H 2 in this process gas is generally about 4: 6.
- Said CO 2 is separated from the process gas, H 2 gas as well as power generation by burning in a gas turbine, to generate electric power by a steam turbine using the steam generated when H 2 gas is burned in the gas turbine.
- hydrogen (H 2 ) is a useful gas component that can be used for combustion power generation by a gas turbine
- carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is a non-useful gas that is not used for combustion power generation by the gas turbine. It is an ingredient.
- the separation apparatus for a gas to be separated according to the present invention can separate CO 2 using only water and concentrate H 2 gas to high purity, so that the environment for the use of the medicine (absorbing liquid) can be reduced. It is useful in that the influence can be reduced and the required energy is small.
- CO 2 separated from the process gas as a non-useful gas component can be effectively used for other purposes.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating a separation apparatus 41 for a gas to be separated according to the fifth embodiment.
- symbol is attached
- CO 2 carbon dioxide
- the separation apparatus 41 for the gas to be separated includes the gas hydrate generation unit 2, the dehydration unit 3, and the gas hydrate decomposition unit 4, and further includes a gas diffusion unit 42.
- the gas hydrate generator 2 has, for example, a pressure of 5 to 20 MPa, more preferably 6 to 9 MPa, and a temperature of 0 to 4 ° C., more preferably 2 to 4
- the gas hydrate decomposition unit 4 is set to a pressure of 1 to 5 MPa and a temperature of 10 to 15 ° C.
- the gas diffusing unit 42 is configured to receive water W 2 obtained by regasification of the gas hydrate in the gas hydrate decomposition unit 4.
- Numeral 43 a line for sending the water W 2, reference numeral 44 and reference numeral 51 denotes a valve.
- a valve can be provided as appropriate in other lines connecting the components (not shown in the figure).
- the gas diffusion part 42 will be described in more detail.
- the gas diffusing unit 42 is a component that performs a gas diffusing step of diffusing the gas dissolved in the water W 2 obtained by the regasification in the gas hydrate decomposition unit 4.
- the gas diffusion part 42 has a heating part 45 having a heater 46, and is dissolved in water obtained by the regasification by setting the gas diffusion part 42 to a predetermined pressure and a predetermined temperature. Gas can be dissipated.
- the pressure in the gas diffusing section 42 is set, for example, to a pressure of 0.2 to 0.5 MPa and a temperature of about 10 ° C.
- the heater 46 for example, from about 10 to 15 ° C. seawater or a chemical plant. You may use the thing of the structure which circulates the low-temperature waste heat etc. which generate
- the gas (carbon dioxide) diffused in the gas diffusing section 42 is transported to a pressure required for pipeline transportation (for example, 10 to 15 MPa) by the gas compressor 50, for example. It is also possible to the CO 2 that regasification is cooled to recover liquid CO 2.
- Reference numeral 47 is a line for sending the water W 3
- reference numeral 49 is a line for sending the circulating water CW obtained by combining the water W 1 and the water W 3 .
- the line 47 is provided with a pump 48.
- a pump can be provided as appropriate in other lines connecting the components.
- the operation of the gas separation apparatus 41 of this embodiment will be described.
- the gas separated from the gas to be separated (carbon dioxide in this embodiment) is dissolved.
- the solubility of gas in water tends to increase as the pressure increases or the temperature decreases.
- the carbon dioxide is known to have a very high solubility in water as compared with other gas components (for example, hydrogen, nitrogen, etc.) contained in the gas to be separated. Gas separation efficiency will deteriorate.
- the gas hydrate decomposition condition in the gas hydrate decomposition unit 4 is set to a high temperature, the gas is less dissolved in water, but the high temperature water is returned to the gas hydrate generation unit 2.
- the energy consumption for cooling the water (circulated water CW) is increased.
- the hydrate decomposition in the gas hydrate decomposition unit 4 is performed at a lower pressure, the gas is less dissolved in water, but the gas hydrate is sent from the dehydration unit 3 to the gas hydrate decomposition unit 4.
- a gas diffusing unit 42 is provided separately from the gas hydrate decomposition unit 4.
- the gas hydrate decomposition section 4 can perform the decomposition by setting the gas hydrate decomposition conditions by increasing the temperature without reducing the pressure much. Thereby, the difference in pressure conditions between the dehydrating unit 3 and the gas hydrate decomposition unit 4 can be reduced.
- the gas (CO 2 ) dissolved in the water W 2 is diffused in the gas diffusing section 42.
- the pressure in the gas diffusing unit 42 is set low, the pressure in the gas hydrate decomposing unit 4 decreases when water W 2 is transferred from the gas hydrate decomposing unit 4 to the gas diffusing unit 42, but the water boosting only compensate for the pressure drop due to transfer of W 2 is only necessary performed in the gas hydrate decomposition section 4. Therefore, the consumption of the gas hydrate decomposition unit 4 for re-pressurization is less than that in the case where the gas hydrate decomposition unit 4 is set to a low pressure to reduce the gas dissolution into the water W 2 obtained by the gas hydrate decomposition. Energy can be suppressed.
- the water W 3 that has passed through the gas diffusing unit 42 is combined with the water W 1 that has been removed from the gas hydrate slurry in the dehydrating unit 3, and enters the gas hydrate generating unit 2 as circulating water CW. Since the gas diffusing section 42 is provided separately from the gas hydrate decomposition section 4, gas can be diffused by lowering the pressure, so that it is not necessary to raise the temperature of water in order to dissipate the gas. . Therefore, the energy for cooling the water returned to the gas hydrate production
- the gas in the water W 2 obtained by regasification of the gas hydrate in the gas hydrate decomposition unit 4 is diffused to improve the separation efficiency of the gas, and the separation apparatus for the gas to be separated Energy consumption related to the operation of 41 can be suppressed, and cost reduction can be realized.
- This embodiment is particularly effective when a gas having high solubility in water such as carbon dioxide, oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide (sulfurous acid gas) is hydrated and separated from the gas to be separated.
- a configuration in which the energy of the high-pressure gas (gas G 1 that is not hydrated) released from the gas hydrate generator 2 is used as auxiliary power for the compressor 5, as in the third embodiment.
- the configuration of the high-pressure gas G 1 is to cool the circulating water CW by cold which occurs when it comes to atmospheric pressure Then, it can be set as the separation apparatus of the to-be-separated gas with higher energy efficiency.
- the present invention can be used in a separation apparatus and method for separating a kind of gas contained in a gas to be separated mixed with a plurality of gas components.
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Abstract
Description
一方、前記ガスハイドレート分解部におけるハイドレートの分解をより低圧で行えば、水中への前記ガスの溶け込みは少なくなるが、前記脱水部からガスハイドレートをガスハイドレート分解部に送る際には、当該ガスハイドレート分解部内をガスハイドレートが分解しない圧力(高圧)にする必要があり、該ガスハイドレート分解部4を再昇圧するためにかかる消費エネルギーが増大する。
すなわち、ハイドレート生成部または脱水部と、ガスハイドレート分解部との圧力条件および温度条件の差を小さくしてガスハイドレートの分解を行うことができる。
したがって、前述したガスハイドレート分解部を低圧にしてガスハイドレートの分解により得られる水中へのガスの溶け込みは少なくする場合よりも、ガスハイドレート分解部の再昇圧にかかる消費エネルギーを抑えることができる。
尚、該ガス放散部では、水中からのガスの放散による放散熱を補う程度の加熱を行うことが好ましい。
本発明に被分離ガスの分離装置の一実施形態を図1に基づいて説明する。図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係る被分離ガスの分離装置を示す概略構成図である。
本実施例に係る被分離ガスの分離装置1は、被分離ガスG0中に含まれる一種のガスをハイドレート化し、ガスハイドレートスラリーを形成するガスハイドレート生成部2と、前記ガスハイドレートスラリーを脱水する脱水部3と、脱水して得たガスハイドレートを分解して再ガス化するガスハイドレート分解部4と、を備えている。
本発明に係る被分離ガスの分離装置の他の実施形態を図2に基づいて説明する。
本実施例に係る被分離ガスの分離装置21において、実施例1と同様の部材には同じ符号を付し、その説明は省略する。また実施例1と同様、被分離ガスG0中の二酸化炭素(CO2)をハイドレート化して分離する場合について説明する。
本発明に係る被分離ガスの分離装置の更に他の実施形態を図3に基づいて説明する。
本実施例に係る被分離ガスの分離装置31において、実施例1および2と同様の部材には同じ符号を付し、その説明は省略する。また実施例1と同様、被分離ガスG0中の二酸化炭素(CO2)をハイドレート化して分離する場合について説明する。
化学プラントやガス化複合発電等の発電システムにおけるプロセスガス中には二酸化炭素(CO2)が含まれており、該プロセスガス中からCO2を除去する工程を行う必要がある場合がある。ここでは、ガス化複合発電(以下、IGCCと称する)のプロセスガスに本発明に係る被分離ガスの分離装置を用いる場合について説明する。
次に、本発明に係る被分離ガスの分離装置の更に他の例について説明する。図4は、実施例5に係る被分離ガスの分離装置41を示す概略構成図である。尚、実施例1の被分離ガスの分離装置と同様の部材には同じ符号を付し、その説明は省略する。また、本実施例も実施例1と同様、被分離ガスG0中の二酸化炭素(CO2)をハイドレート化して分離する場合について説明する。
被分離ガスG0中の二酸化炭素をハイドレート化する場合、ガスハイドレート生成部2は例えば圧力が5~20MPa、より好ましくは6~9MPa、温度が0~4℃、より好ましくは2~4℃に、ガスハイドレート分解部4は例えば圧力が1~5MPa、温度が10~15℃に設定されている。
被分離ガスから二酸化炭素を分離する本実施例では、ガス放散部42内は、例えば圧力が0.2~0.5MPa、温度が約10℃に設定されている。
また、前記ガス放散部42において放散されたガス(二酸化炭素)は、例えばガス圧縮器50によりパイプライン輸送に必要な圧力(例えば10~15MPa)にまで昇圧されて輸送される。また再ガス化したCO2を冷却して液体CO2を回収することも可能である。
符号47は水W3を送るラインであり、符号49は水W1と水W3を合一した循環水CWを送るラインである。ライン47にはポンプ48が設けられている。尚、各構成部を繋ぐ他のラインにも適宜ポンプを設けることができる。
前記ガスハイドレート分解部4においてガスハイドレートを再ガス化して得られた水中には前記被分離ガスから分離されたガス(本実施例では二酸化炭素)が溶解している。一般的に、ガスの水への溶解度は圧力が高くなるほど、または温度が低くなるほど大きくなる傾向がある。特に、前記二酸化炭素は被分離ガス中に含まれる他のガス成分(例えば水素、窒素など)に比べて水への溶解度が非常に高いことが知られており、該水へのガスの溶け込みによってガスの分離効率が悪くなってしまう。
一方、前記ガスハイドレート分解部4におけるハイドレートの分解をより低圧で行えば、水中への前記ガスの溶け込みは少なくなるが、前記脱水部3からガスハイドレートをガスハイドレート分解部4に送る際には、当該ガスハイドレート分解部4内をガスハイドレートが分解しない圧力(脱水部3と同程度の高圧)にする必要があり、該ガスハイドレート分解部4を再昇圧するためにかかる消費エネルギーが増大する。
そして、ガスハイドレートを分解して得られた水W2をガス放散部42に送り、該ガス放散部42において前記水W2中に溶解しているガス(CO2)を放散させる際には、ガス放散部42の圧力を低く設定することによって前記水W2からのガス放散を行うことにより、該ガス放散部42内の設定温度を低く抑えることができる。
したがって、前述したガスハイドレート分解部4を低圧にしてガスハイドレートの分解により得られる水W2中へのガスの溶け込みは少なくする場合よりも、ガスハイドレート分解部4の再昇圧にかかる消費エネルギーを抑えることができる。
尚、該ガス放散部42では、水W2中からのガスの放散による放散熱を補う程度の加熱を行うことが好ましい。
Claims (9)
- 複数のガス成分が混ざった被分離ガスに含まれる一種のガスをハイドレート化し、ガスハイドレートスラリーを形成するガスハイドレート生成部と、
前記ガスハイドレートスラリーを脱水する脱水部と、
脱水して得たガスハイドレートを分解して再ガス化するガスハイドレート分解部と、を備えた被分離ガスの分離装置であって、
前記脱水部において前記ガスハイドレートスラリーから除かれた水と、前記ガスハイドレート分解部において前記ガスハイドレートを分解した際に生じる水とを合一した循環水を、前記ガスハイドレート生成部に入れるように構成されたことを特徴とする被分離ガスの分離装置。 - 複数のガス成分が混ざった被分離ガスに含まれる一種のガスをハイドレート化し、ガスハイドレートスラリーを形成するガスハイドレート生成部と、
前記ガスハイドレートスラリーを脱水する脱水部と、
脱水して得たガスハイドレートを分解して再ガス化するガスハイドレート分解部と、
前記ガスハイドレート分解部での前記再ガス化で得られる水を受けて該水に溶解している前記一種のガスを放散させるガス放散部と、を備え、
前記脱水部において前記ガスハイドレートスラリーから除かれた水と、前記ガス放散部を経た水とを合一した循環水を、前記ガスハイドレート生成部に入れるように構成されたことを特徴とする被分離ガスの分離装置。 - 請求項1または2に記載された被分離ガスの分離装置において、前記ガスハイドレート生成部の上流側に前記被分離ガスを所定の圧力にする圧縮装置を備え、
前記圧縮装置の動力として、前記ガスハイドレート生成部から放出される、ハイドレート化しない高圧ガスの圧力エネルギーを利用することを特徴とする被分離ガスの分離装置。 - 請求項3に記載された被分離ガスの分離装置において、前記高圧ガスが大気圧になるときに発生する冷熱によって、前記循環水を冷却する冷却部を備えていることを特徴とする被分離ガスの分離装置。
- 請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載された被分離ガスの分離装置において、前記ハイドレート化されるガスは二酸化炭素であることを特徴とする被分離ガスの分離装置。
- 請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載された被分離ガスの分離装置において、前記被分離ガスは、有用ガス成分と非有用ガス成分との混合ガスであり、前記ハイドレート化されるガスは、前記非有用ガス成分であることを特徴とする被分離ガスの分離装置。
- 複数のガス成分が混ざった被分離ガスに含まれる一種のガスをハイドレート化し、ガスハイドレートスラリーを形成するガスハイドレート生成工程と、
前記ガスハイドレートスラリーを脱水する脱水工程と、
脱水して得たガスハイドレートを分解して再ガス化するガスハイドレート分解工程と、を含み、
前記脱水工程において前記ガスハイドレートスラリーから除かれた水と、前記ガスハイドレート分解工程において前記ガスハイドレートを分解した際に生じる水とを合一した循環水を、前記ガスハイドレート生成工程においてガスハイドレートを生成するための水として循環させることを特徴とする被分離ガスの分離方法。 - 複数のガス成分が混ざった被分離ガスに含まれる一種のガスをハイドレート化し、ガスハイドレートスラリーを形成するガスハイドレート生成工程と、
前記ガスハイドレートスラリーを脱水する脱水工程と、
脱水して得たガスハイドレートを分解して再ガス化するガスハイドレート分解工程と、
前記ガスハイドレート分解工程での前記再ガス化で得られる水を受けて該水に溶解している前記一種のガスを放散させるガス放散工程と、を含み、
前記脱水工程において前記ガスハイドレートスラリーから除かれた水と、前記ガス放散工程を経た水とを合一した循環水を、前記ガスハイドレート生成工程においてガスハイドレートを生成するための水として循環させることを特徴とする被分離ガスの分離方法。 - 請求項7または請求項8に記載された被分離ガスの分離方法において、前記ハイドレート化されるガスは二酸化炭素であることを特徴とする被分離ガスの分離方法。
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| JP2014188405A (ja) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-10-06 | Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd | 二酸化炭素分離装置及び二酸化炭素分離方法 |
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| US20120111194A1 (en) | 2012-05-10 |
| AU2010253299A1 (en) | 2011-12-15 |
| JPWO2010137399A1 (ja) | 2012-11-12 |
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