WO2010131378A1 - 空気調和装置 - Google Patents
空気調和装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010131378A1 WO2010131378A1 PCT/JP2009/062576 JP2009062576W WO2010131378A1 WO 2010131378 A1 WO2010131378 A1 WO 2010131378A1 JP 2009062576 W JP2009062576 W JP 2009062576W WO 2010131378 A1 WO2010131378 A1 WO 2010131378A1
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- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- refrigerant
- intermediate heat
- transfer medium
- brine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/06—Separate outdoor units, e.g. outdoor unit to be linked to a separate room comprising a compressor and a heat exchanger
- F24F1/14—Heat exchangers specially adapted for separate outdoor units
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/62—Control or safety arrangements characterised by the type of control or by internal processing, e.g. using fuzzy logic, adaptive control or estimation of values
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
- F24F11/84—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
- F24F11/85—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using variable-flow pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/06—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
- F24F2110/12—Temperature of the outside air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2140/00—Control inputs relating to system states
- F24F2140/20—Heat-exchange fluid temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
- F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/023—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units
- F25B2313/0233—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for using multiple indoor units in parallel arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/0272—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using bridge circuits of one-way valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
- F25B2313/0314—Temperature sensors near the indoor heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
- F25B2500/222—Detecting refrigerant leaks
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/021—Inverters therefor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/13—Pump speed control
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/25—Control of valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
- F25B2700/1931—Discharge pressures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/19—Pressures
- F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
- F25B2700/1933—Suction pressures
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2104—Temperatures of an indoor room or compartment
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2106—Temperatures of fresh outdoor air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/54—Free-cooling systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air conditioner that uses a refrigeration cycle, and more particularly to an air conditioner that transports heat and heat generated in the refrigeration cycle to a use-side heat exchanger by a heat medium.
- a compressor, a heat source side heat exchanger, an expansion valve, and an intermediate heat exchanger are sequentially connected by piping to form a refrigeration cycle, and a pump, a use side heat exchanger, and an intermediate heat exchanger are sequentially connected.
- an air conditioner that uses heat medium such as water and brine to heat-transfer cold heat and heat generated in a refrigeration cycle to a use-side heat exchanger (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- Such an air conditioner has an advantage that the amount of refrigerant filled can be reduced as compared with a normal direct expansion type air conditioner.
- the air conditioner of Patent Document 1 stable air conditioning is performed by adjusting the flow rate of the heat source water flowing into the water heat exchanger as the inlet water temperature of the heat source water varies.
- the temperature of the heat source water is controlled to change by about 5 ° C. in both the cooling operation and the heating operation. For example, the temperature of the heat source water is changed from 7 to 10 ° C. to 12 to 15 ° C. during the cooling operation, and the temperature of the heat source water is changed from 40 to 45 ° C. to 35 ° C. to 40 ° C. during the heating operation.
- the air conditioner of Patent Document 2 makes the flow of a fluid (for example, refrigerant, water, air, etc.) conducted through the main (water) heat exchanger and the user side (indoor) heat exchanger countercurrent, and water Therefore, the air conditioning unit is reduced in size and the conveyance power is reduced. Furthermore, the air conditioner of Patent Document 3 measures the electric input of the compressor and the pump, and controls the operation of the pump according to the rotation speed when the total of the electric inputs of the compressor and the pump becomes small. .
- a fluid for example, refrigerant, water, air, etc.
- Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-69554 pages 5 to 7, FIGS. 1 to 3
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-130877 page 6, FIGS. 4 to 6
- JP 2006-3079 A pages 5-7, FIGS. 1-3
- a flow control valve provided on the heat source water circuit side is controlled based on the heat source water inlet temperature and the heat source water outlet temperature.
- the control of the actuators (for example, a compressor, a throttle device, an outdoor fan, etc.) is not taken into consideration, and there remains a problem for improving the performance of the entire system.
- the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of water is set to 10 ° C. or more by making the fluid that conducts the heat exchanger countercurrent, but there is still a problem in finer temperature control.
- the control of the actuator on the heat source side at that time is not concrete.
- the operation of the pump is controlled based on the electric inputs of the compressor and the pump, but the temperature control is not clear.
- This invention was made in order to solve said subject, and it aims at providing the air conditioning apparatus which can aim at the improvement of system COP, suppressing product cost.
- An air conditioner includes a compressor, a heat source side heat exchanger, a throttle device, and at least one intermediate heat exchanger connected to a primary side cycle for circulating a primary side heat transfer medium, a pump, A use side heat exchanger, and a secondary cycle in which the intermediate heat exchanger is connected and circulates a secondary heat transfer medium, and in the intermediate heat exchanger, the primary heat transfer medium and the In the air conditioner for exchanging heat with the secondary side heat transfer medium, the target value of the temperature difference of the secondary side heat transfer medium before and after the use side heat exchanger or before and after the intermediate heat exchanger is cooled. It is set to be larger during heating operation than during operation, and has control means for controlling the flow rate of the secondary heat transfer medium before and after the use side heat exchanger or the intermediate heat exchanger. It is characterized by.
- the temperature difference of the secondary heat transfer medium before and after the use side heat exchanger or before and after the intermediate heat exchanger is set to a preset target value.
- the actuator control suitable for each operation mode of the cooling operation and the heating operation can be executed, and the operation is performed in a high COP state. Can be performed.
- FIG. 3 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant circuit configuration of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 4 is a table showing an example of control of each actuator during cooling operation of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- 6 is a table showing an example of control of each actuator during heating operation of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1. It is a graph which shows the temperature distribution of the refrigerant
- FIG. 4 is a table showing an example of control of each actuator during cooling operation of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1.
- 6 is a table showing an example of control of each actuator during heating operation of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1. It is a graph which shows the temperature distribution of the refrigerant
- FIG. 1 It is a graph which shows the temperature distribution of the refrigerant
- FIG. 1 It is a graph which shows the temperature distribution of the refrigerant
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a flow of control processing during the cooling operation and the heating operation of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 1. It is the schematic which shows the example of installation of the air conditioning apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2. FIG. It is the schematic which shows the example of installation of the air conditioning apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2. FIG. It is the schematic which shows the example of installation of the air conditioning apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2. FIG. 6 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant circuit configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 3. FIG. 6 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant circuit configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 3. FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant circuit configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 4.
- FIG. 6 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant circuit configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 5.
- FIG. 6 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant circuit configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 5.
- FIG. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant circuit configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the circuit configuration and operation of the air conditioner 100 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the air conditioner 100 can perform cooling or heating by using a refrigeration cycle (primary side cycle and secondary side cycle) that circulates refrigerant (primary side heat transfer medium and secondary side heat transfer medium). is there.
- a refrigeration cycle primary side cycle and secondary side cycle
- refrigerant primary side heat transfer medium and secondary side heat transfer medium
- the relationship of the size of each component may be different from the actual one.
- the air conditioner 100 includes a compressor 1, a four-way valve 2, an outdoor heat exchanger (heat source side heat exchanger) 3, an outdoor fan 3-a, a throttle device 4, an intermediate heat exchanger 5, It has a pump 11, an indoor heat exchanger (use side heat exchanger) 12, and an indoor fan 12-a.
- the compressor 1, the four-way valve 2, the outdoor heat exchanger 3, the expansion device 4, and the intermediate heat exchanger 5 are sequentially connected by piping, and the primary side cycle as a refrigeration cycle for circulating the primary side heat transfer medium is performed. It is composed.
- the pump 11, the indoor heat exchanger 12, and the intermediate heat exchanger 5 are piped in order, and a secondary cycle as a refrigeration cycle that circulates a secondary heat transfer medium (hereinafter referred to as brine). It is composed.
- brine secondary heat transfer medium
- a refrigerant for example, a fluorocarbon refrigerant such as R410A refrigerant, a hydrocarbon refrigerant such as propane, or a natural refrigerant such as carbon dioxide can be used.
- a refrigerant coolant.
- the secondary side heat transfer refrigerant for example, brine (antifreeze), water, a mixed solution of brine and water, a mixed solution of water and an additive having a high anticorrosive effect, or the like can be used.
- the compressor 1 sucks the refrigerant and compresses the refrigerant to a high temperature / high pressure state, and may be constituted by, for example, an inverter compressor capable of capacity control.
- the four-way valve 2 has a function as a refrigerant flow path switching unit, and switches between a refrigerant flow during heating operation and a refrigerant flow during cooling operation.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 3 functions as an evaporator during heating operation and functions as a condenser during cooling operation, and exchanges heat between the air supplied from the outdoor fan 3-a and the refrigerant to evaporate the refrigerant. It is gasified or condensed into liquid.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 3 mentioned above will operate
- the outdoor fan 3-a is provided in the vicinity of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 and supplies air to the outdoor heat exchanger 3.
- the expansion device 4 has a function as a pressure reducing valve or an expansion valve, and expands the refrigerant by reducing the pressure.
- the expansion device 4 may be configured by a device whose opening degree can be variably controlled, for example, an electronic expansion valve.
- the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is composed of, for example, a double tube heat exchanger, a plate heat exchanger, a microchannel water heat exchanger, or the like, and circulates a refrigerant circulating in the primary side cycle and a secondary side cycle. Heat exchange is performed with the brine, and the cold heat and heat generated in the primary side cycle are transported to the indoor heat exchanger 12.
- the pump 11 sucks the brine, pressurizes the brine and circulates the secondary side cycle, and may be composed of, for example, an inverter pump capable of capacity control.
- the indoor heat exchanger 12 is supplied with hot water during the heating operation, is supplied with cold water during the cooling operation, performs heat exchange between the air supplied from the indoor fan 12-a and the brine, and supplies the air to the air-conditioning target area. Heating air or cooling air is generated.
- the indoor fan 12-a is provided in the vicinity of the indoor heat exchanger 12, supplies air to the indoor heat exchanger 12, and blows out conditioned air generated by the indoor heat exchanger 12 to the air-conditioning target area. is there.
- the air conditioner 100 includes various detectors (a discharge pressure detector 21, a suction pressure detector 22, a first refrigerant temperature detector 23, a second refrigerant temperature detector 24, a first brine temperature detector 25, a first A two-brine temperature detector 26, an outdoor temperature detector 27, and an indoor temperature detector 28) are provided. Furthermore, the air conditioning apparatus 100 is provided with a control means 31.
- the control means 31 drives the compressor 1 based on information (refrigerant pressure information, refrigerant temperature information, brine temperature information, outdoor temperature information, and indoor temperature information) detected by various detectors. Switching, driving of the fan motor of the outdoor fan 3-a, opening of the throttle device 4, driving of the pump 11, and driving of the fan motor of the indoor fan 12-a are controlled.
- the control means 31 includes a memory 31a in which functions for determining each control value are stored.
- the discharge pressure detector 21 is provided in the discharge pipe of the compressor 1 and measures the discharge pressure (high pressure) of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1.
- the suction pressure detector 22 is provided in the suction pipe of the compressor 1 and measures the suction pressure (low pressure) of the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 1.
- the first refrigerant temperature detector 23 is provided in a gas side pipe (a pipe connecting the four-way valve 2 and the intermediate heat exchanger 5) of the intermediate heat exchanger 5, and measures the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the pipe.
- the second refrigerant temperature detector 24 is provided in a liquid side pipe of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 (a pipe connecting the intermediate heat exchanger 5 and the expansion device 4), and measures the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the pipe. Is.
- the first brine temperature detector 25 is provided in a brine pipe (pipe connecting the indoor heat exchanger 12 and the intermediate heat exchanger 5) on the upstream side of the intermediate heat exchanger 5, and the brine flowing through this pipe It measures temperature.
- the second brine temperature detector 26 is provided in a brine pipe downstream of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 (a pipe connecting the intermediate heat exchanger 5 and the pump 11), and measures the temperature of the brine flowing through this pipe.
- the outdoor temperature detector 27 is provided on the air side of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 and measures the temperature of air supplied to the outdoor heat exchanger 3.
- the indoor temperature detector 28 is provided on the air side of the indoor heat exchanger 12, and measures, for example, the intake air temperature as a representative temperature on the air side.
- a low temperature / low pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 1 and discharged as a high temperature / high pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 3 through the four-way valve 2.
- the refrigerant is cooled while heating the outdoor air, and becomes a medium-temperature / high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 is decompressed by the expansion device 4 and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant.
- the low-temperature / low-pressure refrigerant flows into the intermediate heat exchanger 5 and is heated while cooling the brine flowing into the intermediate heat exchanger 5 to become a low-temperature / low-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the gas refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 1 through the four-way valve 2.
- the brine cooled by the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is driven by the pump 11 and flows into the indoor heat exchanger 12.
- the brine is heated while cooling the indoor air, and returns to the intermediate heat exchanger 5.
- the brine cools the room air to generate cooling air, and the indoor fan 12-a supplies the cooling air to the air-conditioning target area, whereby the cooling operation is performed.
- FIG. 2 shows the frequency of the compressor 1 by the control means 31 during the cooling operation, the driving of the fan motor of the outdoor fan 3-a, the opening of the expansion device 4, the driving of the pump 11, and the fan motor of the indoor fan 12-a.
- An example of driving is shown in a table.
- the compressor 1 controls the frequency according to the suction pressure
- the outdoor fan 3-a controls the fan speed according to the discharge pressure
- the expansion device 4 controls the outlet superheat degree of the intermediate heat exchanger 5.
- the opening degree is controlled in accordance with SH, the pump 11 is controlled in driving frequency (voltage) in accordance with the brine inlet / outlet temperature difference in the intermediate heat exchanger 5, and the fan speed of the indoor fan 12-a is set to the remote control set value, For example, it is controlled at full speed.
- the degree of superheat SH is, for example, on the low pressure side of the refrigerant obtained from the refrigerant temperature detected by the first refrigerant temperature detector 23 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 and the pressure value detected by the suction pressure detector 22. It is calculated from the difference between the saturation temperature.
- the target value of the suction pressure is determined as the cooling load from the number of operating indoor units and the temperature difference between the temperature detected by the indoor temperature detector 28 and the set temperature. Further, the target value of the discharge pressure is determined from the outside air temperature detected by the outdoor temperature detector 27.
- the target value of the inlet / outlet temperature difference of the brine in the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is determined to be a target value determined by an operation mode described later.
- the expansion device 4 is shown as an example of controlling by the outlet superheat degree SH of the intermediate heat exchanger 5, but a refrigerant temperature detector is attached to the liquid side pipe of the outdoor unit, and the refrigerant saturation temperature obtained from the discharge pressure Even if it controls based on the difference (supercooling degree SC of the outdoor unit outlet), the cycle state can be controlled appropriately.
- the case where the drive of the pump 11 is controlled by the brine inlet / outlet temperature difference in the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is shown as an example, but the temperature detector is provided in the brine piping before and after the indoor heat exchanger 12. May be attached and controlled based on the temperature difference.
- the case where the brine inlet / outlet temperature difference is controlled by the drive frequency (voltage) of the pump 11 is shown as an example, but a flow rate control valve is installed in the secondary cycle, and the brine flow rate is adjusted by adjusting the flow rate of the brine.
- the same effect can be obtained by controlling the inlet / outlet temperature difference.
- a low temperature / low pressure refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 1 and discharged as a high temperature / high pressure gas refrigerant.
- the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 flows into the intermediate heat exchanger 5 through the four-way valve 2.
- the brine flowing into the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is cooled while being heated, and becomes a medium-temperature / high-pressure liquid refrigerant.
- the medium-temperature and high-pressure liquid refrigerant flowing out from the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is decompressed by the expansion device 4 and becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant.
- the low-temperature / low-pressure refrigerant flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 3 and is heated while cooling the outdoor air to become a low-temperature / low-pressure gas refrigerant.
- the gas refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 1 through the four-way valve 2.
- the brine heated by the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is driven by the pump 11 and flows into the indoor heat exchanger 12.
- the brine is cooled while heating the indoor air, and returns to the intermediate heat exchanger 5.
- Heating air is generated by heating the indoor air by the brine, and the heating operation is performed by supplying the air for cooling and heating to the air-conditioning target area by the indoor fan 12-a.
- FIG. 3 shows the frequency of the compressor 1 by the control means 31 during the heating operation, the driving of the fan motor of the outdoor fan 3-a, the opening of the expansion device 4, the driving of the pump 11, and the fan motor of the indoor fan 12-a.
- An example of driving is shown in a table.
- the compressor 1 controls the frequency according to the discharge pressure
- the outdoor fan 3-a controls the fan speed according to the suction pressure
- the expansion device 4 controls the subcooling at the outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 5.
- the opening degree is controlled in accordance with the degree SC
- the pump 11 is controlled in the driving frequency (voltage) in accordance with the brine inlet / outlet temperature difference in the intermediate heat exchanger 5, and the fan speed of the indoor fan 12-a is set to the remote control value. For example, it is controlled at full speed.
- a separate flow control valve may be added to control the inlet / outlet temperature difference of the brine.
- the degree of supercooling SC is, for example, the high pressure side of the refrigerant determined from the refrigerant temperature detected by the second refrigerant temperature detector 23 of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 and the pressure value detected by the discharge pressure detector 21. It is calculated from the difference between the temperature and the saturation temperature.
- the target value of the discharge pressure is determined as the heating load from the number of operating indoor units and the temperature difference between the temperature detected by the indoor temperature detector 28 and the set temperature. Further, the target value of the suction pressure is determined from the outside air temperature detected by the outdoor temperature detector 27.
- the target value of the inlet / outlet temperature difference of the brine in the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is determined to be a target value determined by an operation mode described later.
- the refrigerant circuit configuration of the air conditioner 100 shown in FIG. 1 is a configuration in which the refrigerant flow and the brine flow in the intermediate heat exchanger 5 are parallel flow during cooling operation and counterflow during heating operation.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the same control is performed even in a circuit configuration in which the refrigerant flow and the brine flow in the intermediate heat exchanger 5 are opposed to each other during the cooling operation and the heating operation.
- FIG. 4 and 5 are graphs showing the temperature distribution of the refrigerant and brine in the intermediate heat exchanger 5 during the cooling operation.
- FIG. 4 shows refrigerant temperature (line (X1)), pipe wall temperature (line (Y1)), brine temperature (line (Z1)) when the temperature difference of the brine at the inlet / outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is controlled to 5 ° C. ).
- FIG. 5 shows the refrigerant temperature (line (X2)), pipe wall temperature (line (Y2)), brine temperature (line (Z2) when the brine temperature difference at the inlet / outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is controlled to 10 ° C. ))
- the vertical axis represents the temperature [° C.]
- the horizontal axis represents the mainstream direction position of the refrigerant and brine.
- the temperature [° C.] shown on the vertical axis in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 represents the refrigerant evaporation temperature (Te5) in the case of FIG.
- the brine inlet / outlet temperature difference is large with the same capacity, the brine temperature at the inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is increased by the increase in the brine inlet / outlet temperature difference as shown in FIG.
- the brine temperature at the outlet of the exchanger 5 decreases. Then, the suction pressure is decreased by the amount corresponding to the decrease in the inflow temperature of the brine.
- Refrigerant flow control needs to set the target value of the degree of superheat of the refrigerant to about 2 ° C. or higher, taking into account the measurement error of the temperature detector.
- the degree of superheat of the refrigerant at the outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is increased, the heat transfer coefficient of the refrigerant gas single phase is lowered and the heat exchange performance of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is lowered.
- the performance of the refrigeration cycle decreases. What is necessary is just to set superheat degree to about 2 degreeC irrespective of the inlet-outlet temperature difference of a brine.
- the input of the pump 11 is increased by the amount of increase in the brine flow rate, and when the inlet / outlet temperature difference is increased, the input of the pump 11 is decreased by the amount of decrease in the brine flow rate.
- the input of the pump 11 changes depending on the pipe resistance such as the heat load and the length of the brine pipe, and the suitable temperature difference changes. In particular, in brine piping, it is necessary to set the upper limit of about 1.5 m / s to 3.0 m / s depending on the water temperature so that corrosion of the piping does not occur.
- the brine pipe uses a pipe having an inner diameter of about ⁇ 20, and the distance from the pump 11 to the indoor unit is 10 m or less when the water pipe length is not taken into consideration.
- a temperature difference of about 3 to 7 ° C. or a temperature difference of about 7 to 9 ° C. may be applied in the case of 40 m or more.
- coolant and a brine became counterflow was demonstrated to the example here, the case of a parallel flow is also the same.
- FIG. 6 and 7 are graphs showing the temperature distribution of the refrigerant and brine in the intermediate heat exchanger 5 during the heating operation.
- FIG. 6 shows refrigerant temperature (line (U1)), pipe wall temperature (line (V1)), brine temperature (line (W1)) when the temperature difference of the brine at the inlet / outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is controlled to 5 ° C. ).
- FIG. 7 shows the refrigerant temperature (line (U2)), pipe wall temperature (line (V2)), brine temperature (line (W2) when the brine temperature difference at the inlet / outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is controlled to 10 ° C. ))
- the vertical axis represents the temperature [° C.]
- the horizontal axis represents the mainstream direction position of the refrigerant and brine.
- the temperature [° C.] shown on the vertical axis in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 is expressed on the basis of the refrigerant condensing temperature (Tc5) in the case of FIG.
- the refrigerant condensing temperature is reached, heat is exchanged with brine in a gas-liquid two-phase state to condense at a substantially constant temperature.
- the temperature is lowered by heat exchange with brine.
- the brine inlet / outlet temperature difference is large with the same capacity, the brine temperature at the inlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is increased by the increase in the inlet / outlet temperature difference as shown in FIG. The temperature of the brine at the outlet of the heat exchanger 5 decreases.
- the input of the compressor 1 increases / decreases depending on the increase in the discharge pressure accompanying the increase in the outlet temperature of the brine and the improvement in the performance of the refrigeration cycle accompanying the decrease in the outlet temperature of the refrigerant. There is an optimum point of the refrigeration cycle when is large.
- the input of the pump 11 When the brine inlet / outlet temperature difference in the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is reduced, the input of the pump 11 is increased by the amount of increase in the brine flow rate, and when the inlet / outlet temperature difference is increased, the input of the pump 11 is decreased by the amount of decrease in the brine flow rate.
- the input of the pump 11 changes depending on the pipe resistance such as the heat load and the length of the brine pipe, and the temperature difference suitable for the heating operation changes. For example, when a heating capacity of about 7.9 kW is required, the brine Use a pipe with an inner diameter of about ⁇ 20.
- the length of the brine pipe is not taken into account, or if the distance from the pump 11 to the indoor unit is 10 m or less, about 5 to 15 ° C., 10 if the distance is 40 m or more.
- a temperature difference of about 20 ° C should be provided.
- the supercooling degree SC at the outlet of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 increases the condensation temperature and lowers the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle when it is greater than or equal to the brine inlet / outlet temperature difference. There is. If it carries out like this, the intermediate heat exchanger 5 can be used efficiently and COP will improve. In addition, when the load is small for both cooling and heating operations, if the brine inlet / outlet temperature difference is kept constant, the brine flow rate will decrease, and the heat transfer performance may decrease due to the deterioration of the path balance and the Reynolds number. Therefore, it is only necessary to make the temperature difference smaller than when the load is large and increase the brine flow rate.
- the brine piping when the brine piping is 10 m or less in advance, a function for an indoor load in which the temperature difference is 7 ° C. in the rated operation of cooling, 4 ° C. in the intermediate operation, 10 ° C. in the rated operation of heating, and 5 ° C. in the intermediate operation. Formulas and the like are created, and the target value may be reset based on the current cooling and heating loads of the air conditioner and the pipeline resistance of the brine piping.
- the brine near 40 ° C. returned from the heating indoor unit flows into the intermediate heat exchanger 5.
- a refrigerant that operates in a supercritical state at the high pressure side during the heating operation such as a carbon dioxide refrigerant
- the specific heat of the refrigerant increases from 30 ° C. to 45 ° C. in the region where the high pressure side pressure is 8 MPa to 11 MPa.
- Lowering the brine inflow temperature and lowering the outlet temperature of the refrigerant intermediate heat exchanger 5 during operation in this region is extremely effective for increasing the efficiency of the refrigeration cycle.
- the water inlet / outlet temperature difference may be about 10 ° C to 20 ° C.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a flow of control processing during the cooling operation and the heating operation. Based on FIG. 8, the flow of the control processing during the cooling operation and the heating operation performed by the air conditioning apparatus 100 will be described.
- the control means 31 sets the initial value of the brine inlet / outlet temperature difference target value in the intermediate heat exchanger 5 (step S1). Subsequently, the control means 31 calculates the heat load from the number of indoor units operated and the temperature difference between the room temperature and the set temperature (step S2). Furthermore, the control means 31 sets the target value of the inlet / outlet temperature difference of the brine in the intermediate heat exchanger 5 according to the cooling or heating operation mode, the pipeline resistance of the brine pipe and the heat load (step S3).
- control means 31 controls the actuator (various element devices) as shown in the tables of FIGS. 2 and 3 (step S4). And the control means 31 judges whether control indicators, such as discharge pressure and the inlet-outlet temperature difference of the brine of the intermediate heat exchanger 5, are equal to a control target value (step S5). When it is determined that the control index is not equal to the control target value (step S5; No), the control unit 31 returns to step 2 again and repeats the control. When it is determined that the control index is equal to the control target value (step S5; Yes), the control unit 31 ends the control operation (step S6).
- control indicators such as discharge pressure and the inlet-outlet temperature difference of the brine of the intermediate heat exchanger 5
- the pipe line resistance of the brine pipe in step S3 may be calculated as follows.
- the heat exchange amount of the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is calculated from the refrigerant flow rate that can be calculated from the performance of the compressor 1 and the refrigerant enthalpy difference before and after the intermediate heat exchanger 5, or the total capacity of the indoor units that are operating Or just set it.
- the brine flow rate can be calculated from the calculated heat exchange amount and the brine inlet / outlet temperature difference of the intermediate heat exchanger 5. From the brine flow rate and the characteristics of the pump 11, the pipeline resistance of the brine pipe can be calculated.
- the brine temperature difference before and after the indoor heat exchanger 12 or before and after the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is a preset target value. And so that the heating operation is larger than the cooling operation, the actuator control suitable for each operation mode of the cooling operation and the heating operation can be executed. It becomes possible to operate in the state of. That is, in accordance with the operation mode, the cycle COP of the refrigerant can be improved, and the input of the pump 11 for driving the brine can be reduced to improve the COP of the entire system.
- FIG. 9 to 11 are schematic views showing an installation example of the air-conditioning apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the installation of the air conditioner according to Embodiment 2 will be described with reference to FIGS.
- this air conditioner a plurality of indoor units (indoor units) are connected to one outdoor unit (outdoor unit), and each indoor unit can freely select cooling and heating as an operation mode. It is an air conditioner. 9 and 10, heat transfer from the outdoor unit A to the diversion controller B is performed with two refrigerant pipes, and in FIG. 11, heat transfer from the outdoor unit A to the diversion controller B is performed with three refrigerant pipes. Examples are shown.
- the outdoor unit A is installed in an outdoor space that is a space outside a building such as a building.
- the indoor unit C is arrange
- the shunt controller B into which a refrigerant
- heat transport from the outdoor unit A to the shunt controller B is performed by the refrigerant
- heat transport from the shunt controller B to the indoor unit C is performed by the brine.
- Embodiment 3 when heat transport from the flow dividing controller B to the indoor unit C is performed by the refrigerant, the flow control valve is installed in the vicinity of the indoor heat exchanger. On the other hand, when heat transport is performed with brine, it can be installed not only in the indoor unit C but also in the diversion controller B. If a flow control valve is installed in the diversion controller B and the temperature difference control for the return of the brine is performed, the control valve is separated from the air-conditioned space in the room. Thus, noise to the indoor unit can be reduced.
- the control in the indoor unit C is performed only by controlling the fan based on information such as the status of the indoor remote control, the thermo-off, and whether the outdoor unit is defrosting. do it. Furthermore, by performing heat transport from the outdoor unit A to the diversion controller B with the refrigerant, the pump used for driving the brine can be reduced in size, and further, the power for conveying the brine can be reduced to save energy. Furthermore, when all the heat transport from the outdoor unit A to the indoor unit C is carried out with brine, the cooling and heating simultaneous operation is performed. Water piping is required.
- the piping which connects the diversion controller B from the outdoor unit A is comprised so that it can connect using two or three refrigerant
- the pressure of water in the piping is zero, that is, the water cannot be lifted above the height at which it becomes a vacuum.
- the position of the repeater can be changed, and the design likelihood increases.
- the non-air-conditioned space is assumed to be a space where there is little or no human entry in order to minimize the influence (for example, discomfort etc.) of the refrigerant on the person due to the occurrence of refrigerant leakage or the like.
- the shunt controller B is installed with the indoor space as a non-air-conditioned space, such as a ceiling or the like partitioned by a wall or the like.
- a non-air-conditioned space such as a ceiling or the like partitioned by a wall or the like.
- a common part with an elevator or the like is used as a non-air-conditioned space. It is also possible to install a shunt controller B.
- the outdoor unit A has been described as an example in the case where it is installed in an outdoor space outside the building, it is not limited thereto.
- it can be installed in an enclosed space such as a machine room with a ventilation opening.
- the outdoor unit A may be installed in a building and exhausted out of the building by an exhaust duct.
- you may make it install the outdoor unit A in a building using a water-cooling type heat source device.
- the diversion controller B can be placed near the outdoor unit A although it is contrary to downsizing and energy saving of the pump.
- Embodiments 3 to 5 specific examples of a refrigerant circuit and a water circuit for carrying out an operation capable of achieving energy saving suitable for cooling and heating by implementing Embodiment 1 will be described.
- FIG.9 and FIG.10 which shows an example of the installation example of the air conditioning apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2, it is Embodiment 3 and Embodiment 4, and the air conditioning apparatus which concerns on Embodiment 2
- FIG. 11 showing an example of the installation will be described in the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant circuit configuration of the air-conditioning apparatus 200 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Based on FIG. 12, the circuit configuration and operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 200 will be described.
- the air conditioner 200 includes a plurality of indoor heat exchangers and uses a refrigeration cycle (primary side cycle and secondary side cycle) that circulates refrigerant (primary side heat transfer medium and secondary side heat transfer medium). Therefore, cooling and heating can be performed simultaneously.
- a refrigeration cycle primary side cycle and secondary side cycle
- refrigerant primary side heat transfer medium and secondary side heat transfer medium
- the air conditioner 200 includes one outdoor unit A, a plurality of indoor units C, and a shunt controller B interposed between these units as a relay unit.
- the outdoor unit A has a function of supplying cold energy and hot energy to the indoor unit C via the shunt controller B.
- the indoor unit C is installed in the air conditioning target area and has a function of supplying cooling air or heating air to the air conditioning target area.
- the shunt controller B has a function of connecting the outdoor unit A and the indoor unit C, and transmitting the cold and hot heat supplied from the outdoor unit A to the indoor unit C.
- the outdoor unit A and the diversion controller B are connected via two refrigerant pipes, and the diversion controller B and each indoor unit C are also connected via two brine pipes.
- the refrigerant inlet of the branch controller B and P H, the P L the refrigerant outlet of the branch controller B, the branch point of the pipe that connects the device 4-2 and aperture first throttle device 6 and P C, illustrates referred respectively.
- the outdoor unit A In the outdoor unit A, the compressor 1, the four-way valve 2, and the outdoor heat exchanger 3 are mounted in series by refrigerant piping.
- the outdoor unit A includes a first connection pipe 10-5, a second connection pipe 10-6, a check valve 10-1, a check valve 10-2, a check valve 10-3, and a check valve.
- a check valve block 10 constituted by 10-4 is provided.
- the check valve block 10 has a function of making the flow of the heat source side refrigerant flowing into the diversion controller B a fixed direction regardless of the operation performed by the indoor unit C. In other words, by the check valve block 10, regardless of the operation mode, the high pressure side of the P H cycle, the P L becomes low-pressure side of the cycle.
- the outdoor unit A is also equipped with an outdoor fan 3-a.
- the check valve 10-4 is provided between the diversion controller B and the four-way valve 2 and allows the refrigerant to flow only in a predetermined direction (direction from the diversion controller B to the outdoor unit A).
- the check valve 10-1 is provided between the outdoor heat exchanger 3 and the diversion controller B, and allows the refrigerant to flow only in a predetermined direction (direction from the outdoor unit A to the diversion controller B).
- the check valve 10-2 is provided in the first connection pipe 10-5 and allows the refrigerant to flow only from the downstream side of the check valve 10-4 to the downstream side of the check valve 10-1. is there.
- the check valve 10-3 is provided in the second connection pipe 10-6 and allows the refrigerant to flow only from the upstream side of the check valve 10-4 to the upstream side of the check valve 10-1. is there.
- the first connection pipe 10-5 connects the refrigerant pipe on the downstream side of the check valve 10-4 and the refrigerant pipe on the downstream side of the check valve 10-1.
- the second connection pipe 10-6 connects the refrigerant pipe upstream of the check valve 10-4 and the refrigerant pipe upstream of the check valve 10-1.
- the outdoor unit A is provided with a discharge pressure detector 21, a suction pressure detector 22, and an outdoor temperature detector 27.
- the shunt controller B includes a first expansion device 6, a second expansion device 7, two intermediate heat exchangers 5 (first intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 and second intermediate heat exchanger 5-2), Two throttling devices (throttling device 4-1, throttling device 4-2), two heat source side three-way valves 8 (heat source side three-way valve 8-1, heat source side three-way valve 8-2), and two pumps 11 (first pump 11-1, second pump 11-2) and three first use side three-way valves 13 (from the upper side of the page to the use side three-way valve 13-1, the use side three-way valve 13-2, the use side three-way Valve 13-3), three second use side three-way valves 15 (from the top of the page to use side three-way valve 15-1, use side three-way valve 15-2, use side three-way valve 15-3), and three two-way A valve 14 (two-way valve 14-1, two-way valve 14-2, two-way valve 14-3 from the upper side of the drawing) is mounted.
- each of the indoor units C connected to the diversion controller B has three or more intermediate heat exchangers.
- the connection of each element is connected so as to be switched by a flow path switching valve such as a three-way valve, fine control can be performed according to the load in the room.
- the primary cycle of the shunt controller B includes a first expansion device 6, a second expansion device 7, two intermediate heat exchangers 5, an expansion device 4-1, an expansion device 4-2, and two heat sources.
- the side three-way valve 8 is connected by piping.
- the secondary side cycle of the diversion controller B includes two pumps 11, three first usage side three-way valves 13, three second usage side three-way valves 15, three two-way valves 14, and two units.
- the intermediate heat exchanger 5 is configured by pipe connection.
- the first throttle device 6 is provided between the check valve 10-1 and the throttle device 4-2, has a function as a pressure reducing valve or a throttle device, and expands the refrigerant by decompressing it.
- the first throttling device 6 may be constituted by a device whose opening degree can be variably controlled, for example, an electronic expansion valve.
- the second throttling device 7 is provided in parallel with the throttling device 4-1, has a function as a pressure reducing valve or throttling device, and decompresses the refrigerant to expand it.
- the second expansion device 7 may be configured by a device whose opening degree can be variably controlled, for example, an electronic expansion valve.
- the first intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 and the second intermediate heat exchanger 5-2 can make cold water and hot water individually. Therefore, the air conditioner 200 includes a cooling operation in which all the indoor heat exchangers 12 perform cooling, a heating operation in which all the indoor heat exchangers 12 perform heating, and in addition to these, the indoor heat exchanger 12 that performs cooling. And the simultaneous cooling and heating operation in which the indoor heat exchanger 12 that performs heating simultaneously exists.
- the air conditioner 200 performs the cooling and heating simultaneous operation
- the first intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 and the second intermediate heat exchanger 5-2 perform the cooling operation and the heating operation, respectively.
- the first intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 is provided between the expansion device 4-1 and the heat source side three-way valve 8-1 in the primary side cycle.
- the second intermediate heat exchanger 5-2 is provided between the expansion device 4-2 and the heat source side three-way valve 8-2 in the primary side cycle.
- the expansion device 4-1 is provided on the upstream side of the first intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 in the primary side cycle.
- the expansion device 4-2 is provided on the upstream side of the second intermediate heat exchanger 5-2 in the primary side cycle.
- the two heat source side three-way valves 8 switch the refrigerant flow by the cooling operation or the heating operation.
- the heat source side three-way valve 8-1 one of the three sides branches to the first intermediate heat exchanger 5-1, and one of the three sides branches from between the check valve 10-1 and the first expansion device 6.
- One of the three pipes is connected to the refrigerant pipe between the heat source side three-way valve 8-2 and the check valve 10-4.
- the second heat source side three-way valve 8-2 one of the three sides is connected to the second intermediate heat exchanger 5-2, and one of the three sides is inserted between the check valve 10-1 and the first expansion device 6.
- One of the three sides is connected to the check valve 10-4 to the branch pipe that branches.
- a gas-liquid separator 52 may be installed at the high-pressure side inlet of the diversion controller B.
- three pipes are divided into a parent shunt controller D for shunting refrigerant for cooling and heating, and a sub shunt controller E for selecting the cooling and heating operations by the intermediate heat exchangers 5-1 and 5-2.
- the refrigerant piping can be connected. Therefore, the diversion controller B can be installed separately, and a plurality of child diversion controllers E can be connected to the parent diversion controller D.
- the first pump 11-1 is provided between the first intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 and the first usage side three-way valve 13 in the secondary side cycle.
- the second pump 11-2 is provided between the second intermediate heat exchanger 5-2 and the first usage-side three-way valve 13 in the secondary side cycle.
- the three first usage-side three-way valves 13 selectively switch between sending cold water or sending warm water to the indoor unit C in the simultaneous cooling and heating operation.
- the first usage-side three-way valve 13 is provided in a number (three here) corresponding to the number of indoor units C installed.
- one of the three sides is connected to the first intermediate heat exchanger 5-1, one of the three sides is connected to the second intermediate heat exchanger 5-2, and one of the three sides is connected to the second intermediate heat exchanger 5-2.
- Each is connected to the direction valve 14.
- the three second use side three-way valves 15 switch the brine flow path returning from the indoor heat exchanger 12 to the intermediate heat exchanger 5, and the direction in which the indoor unit 12 and the intermediate heat exchanger 5 are connected is It is set so as to be in the same direction as the first usage side three-way valve.
- the second usage side three-way valve 15 is provided in a number (here, three) corresponding to the number of indoor units C installed.
- the second usage side three-way valve 15 includes one of the three sides in the first intermediate heat exchanger 5-1, one of the three sides in the second intermediate heat exchanger 5-2, and one of the three sides in the room. Each is connected to the heat exchanger 12.
- the three two-way valves 14 adjust the brine flow rate by controlling opening and closing.
- the number of two-way valves 14 (three here) according to the number of installed indoor units C is provided.
- One side of the two-way valve 14 is connected to the indoor heat exchanger 12, and the other side is connected to the first usage side three-way valve 13.
- the shunt controller B includes two first refrigerant temperature detectors 23 (a first refrigerant temperature detector 23-1 on the first intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 side and a second intermediate heat exchanger 5-2 side). (First refrigerant temperature detector 23-2), two second refrigerant temperature detectors 24 (second refrigerant temperature detector 24-1 on the first intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 side, second intermediate heat exchanger 5- 2 side second refrigerant temperature detector 24-2), two first brine temperature detectors 25 (first intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 side first brine temperature detector 25-1, second intermediate heat exchange).
- First brine temperature detector 25-2 on the side of the heater 5-2) and two second brine temperature detectors 26 (second brine temperature detector 26-1 on the first intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 side, A second brine temperature detector 26-2) on the second intermediate heat exchanger 5-2 side is provided.
- the shunt controller B includes three third brine temperature detectors 29 (from the upper side of the drawing to the third brine temperature detector 29-1, the third brine temperature detector 29-2, and the third brine temperature detector 29-3. ) And three fourth brine temperature detectors 30 (fourth brine temperature detector 30-1, fourth brine temperature detector 30-2, and fourth brine temperature detector 30-3 from the upper side of the drawing). ing.
- the 3rd brine temperature detector 29 is provided between the indoor heat exchanger 12 and the 2nd utilization side three-way valve 15, and measures the temperature of the brine which conducts here.
- the 4th brine temperature detector 30 is provided between the two-way valve 14 and the indoor heat exchanger 12, and measures the temperature of the brine which conducts here. Information measured by the third brine temperature detector 29 and the fourth brine temperature detector 30 is also sent to the control means 31.
- the indoor unit C includes three indoor heat exchangers 12 (from the top of the page, the indoor heat exchanger 12-1, the indoor heat exchanger 12-2, and the indoor heat exchanger 12-3) and three indoor fans 12- a (the indoor fan 12-1a, the indoor fan 12-2a, and the indoor fan 12-3a) are mounted from the upper side of the drawing.
- the indoor heat exchanger 12 is connected to a two-way valve 14 and a second usage-side three-way valve 15 provided in the branch controller B.
- the indoor unit C is provided with an indoor temperature detector 28 (the indoor temperature detector 28-1, the indoor temperature detector 28-2, and the indoor temperature detector 28-3 from the upper side of the drawing).
- the flow rate control of each indoor unit C is performed by the superheat degree (SH) control or the supercool degree (SC) control of the refrigerant.
- SH superheat degree
- SC supercool degree
- the cooling operation in which all the indoor units C perform the cooling operation the heating operation in which all the indoor units C perform the heating operation, and the cooling operation and the heating operation simultaneously exist in the indoor unit C, and the cooling load is larger than the heating load.
- the cooling main operation and the heating main operation in which the heating load is larger than the cooling load will be described.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating the flow of refrigerant and brine during the cooling operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 200 according to Embodiment 3.
- the four-way valve 2 is switched so that the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 3.
- the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 1 is increased in pressure by the compressor 1 and is condensed by exchanging heat with the outside air in the outdoor heat exchanger 3.
- the condensed liquid refrigerant passes through the expansion device 6 and is distributed to the two-pass refrigerant circuit and is decompressed by the expansion device 4-1 and the expansion device 4-2 to form a low-temperature and low-pressure two-phase refrigerant. 5-1, heat exchange with water for cooling is performed in the intermediate heat exchanger 5-2, and a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant is obtained, which returns to the compressor 1.
- both the three-way valve 13 for return and the three-way valve 15 for return only need to be opened by half so that water in each water channel is mixed.
- the cold water generated in the intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 and the intermediate heat exchanger 5-2 passes through the three-way valve 13 and is sent to the indoor heat exchanger 12.
- the intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 and the intermediate heat exchanger 5-2 produce water in different temperature zones according to the cooling load of the indoor unit C, and the three-way valve 13 and the three-way valve according to the load condition of the indoor unit C.
- the flow path may be switched by controlling the valve 15.
- the chilled water cooled by the water heat exchanger (intermediate heat exchanger) is pressurized by the pump 11, the flow path is selected by the three-way valve 13, and the temperature around the indoor heat exchanger 12 by the two-way valve 14.
- the flow rate is adjusted so that the difference (temperature difference between the third brine temperature detector 29 and the fourth brine temperature detector 30) becomes a predetermined value, and the indoor heat exchanger 12 exchanges heat with the indoor air to After cooling, the flow path is selected so that brine flows into the original intermediate heat exchanger by the three-way valve 15, and the flow returns to the intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 or the intermediate heat exchanger 5-2.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating the flow of refrigerant and brine during the heating operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 200 according to Embodiment 3.
- the four-way valve 2 is switched so that the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 flows into the check valve block 10 as shown in FIG.
- the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 1 is boosted by the compressor 1, distributed to the two-pass refrigerant circuit by the branch controller B, and brine for heating by the intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 and the intermediate heat exchanger 5-2. Exchanges heat and condenses.
- the condensed liquid refrigerant is decompressed by the expansion device 4-1, the expansion device 4-2, and the expansion device 7 to become a low-temperature and low-pressure two-phase refrigerant, and exchanges heat with the outside air in the outdoor heat exchanger 3, and the low-temperature and low-pressure gas.
- the refrigerant returns to the compressor 1.
- both the three-way valve 13 for return and the three-way valve 15 for return only need to be opened by half so that water in each water channel is mixed.
- the hot water generated in the intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 and the intermediate heat exchanger 5-2 passes through the three-way valve 13 and is sent to the indoor heat exchanger 12.
- the intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 and the intermediate heat exchanger 5-2 make water in different temperature zones according to the heating load of the indoor unit C, and the three-way valve 13 and the three-way valve according to the load condition of the indoor unit C. 15 may be controlled to switch the flow path.
- the hot water heated by the water heat exchanger is boosted by the pump 11, the flow path is selected by the three-way valve 13, and the temperature difference (third brine temperature) before and after the indoor heat exchanger 12 by the two-way valve 14.
- the flow rate is adjusted so that the temperature difference between the detector 29 and the fourth brine temperature detector 30 becomes a predetermined value, and the indoor heat exchanger 12 exchanges heat with the indoor air to heat the indoor air.
- the flow path is selected so that the brine flows into the original intermediate heat exchanger, and the flow returns to the intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 or the intermediate heat exchanger 5-2.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating the flow of refrigerant and brine during the cooling main operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 200 according to Embodiment 3.
- the connection of the four-way valve 2 during the cooling main operation is the same as in the cooling operation.
- the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 1 is increased in pressure by the compressor 1, and the excess heat capacity is radiated by the outdoor heat exchanger 3, and the intermediate heat exchanger 5-2 heats the water. Thereafter, the water in the intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 is cooled and returned to the compressor 1.
- the indoor heat exchanger 12 for heating is an intermediate heat exchanger 5-2 for heating and an indoor heat exchanger for cooling. 12 is connected to an intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 for cooling. Cold water and hot water generated in each water heat exchanger are boosted by the pump 11, the flow path is selected by the three-way valve 13, and the temperature difference between the front and rear of the indoor heat exchanger 12 (third) is selected by the two-way valve 14. While the flow rate is controlled so that the temperature difference between the brine temperature detector 29 and the fourth brine temperature detector 30 becomes a predetermined value, it is sent to the indoor heat exchanger 12 to perform cooling and heating. The flow path is selected so that the brine flows into the intermediate heat exchanger, and the flow returns to the intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 or the intermediate heat exchanger 5-2.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating the flow of refrigerant and brine during heating-main operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 200 according to Embodiment 3.
- the connection of the four-way valve 2 during the heating main operation is the same as that in the heating operation.
- the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 1 is pressurized by the compressor 1, exchanges heat with water for heating in the heating intermediate heat exchanger 5-2, and condenses.
- the condensed liquid refrigerant is depressurized by the expansion device 4-2 and the expansion device 4-1, is lowered in temperature, flows into the intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 for cooling, and exchanges heat with water for cooling. Thereafter, the outdoor heat exchanger 3 exchanges heat with the outside air and returns to the compressor 1.
- the indoor heat exchanger 12 for heating is an intermediate heat exchanger 5-2 for heating and an indoor heat exchanger for cooling. 12 is connected to an intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 for cooling.
- Cold water and hot water generated in each water heat exchanger are boosted by the pump 11, the flow path is selected by the three-way valve 13, and the temperature difference between the front and rear of the indoor heat exchanger 12 (third brine) by the two-way valve 14. While the flow rate is controlled so that the temperature difference between the temperature detector 29 and the fourth brine temperature detector 30 becomes a predetermined value, it is sent to the indoor heat exchanger 12 for cooling and heating.
- the flow path is selected so that brine flows into the heat exchanger, and the flow returns to the intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 or the intermediate heat exchanger 5-2.
- the frequency of the compressor 1 and the speed of the outdoor fan 3-a are controlled by the suction pressure and the discharge pressure.
- the control means (outdoor unit side control device) 31-1 installed in the outdoor unit A calculates the cooling load and the heating load from the operation status sent from the indoor unit C, and the intermediate heat exchanger 5- 1. If the target values of the suction pressure and the discharge pressure are changed so that heat can be appropriately exchanged in the intermediate heat exchanger 5-2, an efficient operation corresponding to the load can be performed.
- control means 31-1 includes the temperature difference target value of the brine in the intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 and the intermediate heat exchanger 5-2 according to the load condition based on the first embodiment, and the degree of supercooling during heating operation.
- the target value is calculated, and a signal including the target value and data relating to increase / decrease of the target value is transmitted to the control means (relay unit control device) 31-2 installed in the diversion controller B.
- the control means 31-2 resets the target value based on the received data and controls the refrigerant and brine flow rate control valves, thereby enabling operation with a high COP.
- the control target value may be calculated by the control means 31-2, and target value data for control performed by the control means 31-1 may be sent to the control means 31-1.
- the heat source side three-way valve 8-1 and the heat source side three way valve 8-2 are set to P L. controlled so as to be connected, when the intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 and the intermediate heat exchanger 5-2 for heating is connected to the heat source-side three-way valve 8-1 and the heat source-side three-way valve 8-2 and P H Control to do. Therefore, the cooling operation and the heating operation can be switched according to the load on the indoor side.
- the two water heat exchangers are used for cooling or heating. Therefore, it can be operated more efficiently than Embodiment 1 in which one water heat exchanger is mounted.
- the temperature difference target value based on the first embodiment can be set and controlled in each of the cooling intermediate heat exchanger and the heating intermediate heat exchanger, and the COP is high. You can drive in.
- the check valve block 10 is abbreviate
- FIG. 18 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant circuit configuration of the air-conditioning apparatus 300 according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Based on FIG. 18, the circuit configuration and operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 300 will be described.
- the air conditioner 300 includes a plurality of indoor heat exchangers, and uses a refrigeration cycle (primary side cycle and secondary side cycle) that circulates refrigerant (primary side heat transfer medium and secondary side heat transfer medium). Therefore, cooling and heating can be performed simultaneously.
- a refrigeration cycle primary side cycle and secondary side cycle
- refrigerant primary side heat transfer medium and secondary side heat transfer medium
- the air conditioner 300 is different from the diversion controller B of the air conditioner 200 according to Embodiment 3 in the configuration of the diversion controller (hereinafter referred to as the diversion controller B1). About the other structure of the air conditioning apparatus 300, it is the same as that of the air conditioning apparatus 200 which concerns on Embodiment 3.
- FIG. However, as the first intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 and the second intermediate heat exchanger 5-2 are directly connected to the shunt controller B1, the first expansion device 6, the second expansion device 7, and The heat source side three-way valve 8 is not provided. Instead, the diversion controller B1 includes a throttle device 4-3, a bypass pipe 50 that bypasses each of the throttle devices 4-1 to 4-3, and an on-off valve 51 that opens and closes the bypass pipe 50. Provided.
- a first intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 and a second intermediate heat exchanger 5-2 are mounted in series on the shunt controller B1.
- the expansion device 4-1 is disposed upstream of the second intermediate heat exchanger 5-2 (upstream side), and the expansion device 4-2 is connected to the second intermediate heat exchanger 5-2 and the first intermediate heat exchanger 5-1.
- the expansion device 4-3 is provided at the rear stage (downstream side) of the first intermediate heat exchanger 5-1.
- the shunt controller B1 includes a bypass pipe 50-1 that bypasses the throttle device 4-1, an on-off valve 51-1 that opens and closes the bypass pipe 50-1, a bypass pipe 50-2 that bypasses the throttle device 4-2, An opening / closing valve 51-2 for opening / closing the bypass pipe 50-2, a bypass pipe 50-3 for bypassing the expansion device 4-3, and an opening / closing valve 51-3 for opening / closing the bypass pipe 50-3 are provided.
- At least two intermediate heat exchangers are required for each of the plurality of indoor units C connected to the diversion controller B1 to perform cooling and heating, but three or more intermediate heat exchangers are mounted on the diversion controller B1.
- the connection of each element is connected so as to be switched by a three-way valve, fine control can be performed according to the load in the room.
- the condensed liquid refrigerant is decompressed by the expansion device 4-3 to become a low-temperature and low-pressure two-phase refrigerant, exchanges heat with the outside air in the outdoor heat exchanger 3, becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant, and returns to the compressor 1.
- the flow rate of the refrigerant can be increased as compared with the case where the intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 and the intermediate heat exchanger 5-2 are connected in parallel.
- the performance of the heat exchanger can be improved.
- the refrigerant becomes a gas-liquid two-phase flow on almost the entire surface of both the first intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 and the second intermediate heat exchanger 5-2.
- the heat transfer performance of the first intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 and the second intermediate heat exchanger 5-2 is almost the same, and both are operated with the same inlet / outlet temperature difference of brine, so that the COP is in a high COP state. You can drive.
- the refrigerant becomes a heated gas region, and the temperature difference between the brine and the refrigerant is large, and heat exchange is facilitated.
- the refrigerant becomes an area of supercooled liquid, and the temperature difference between the brine and the refrigerant is small, so that heat exchange is difficult.
- the brine inlet / outlet temperature difference of the first intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 is set large, the brine flow rate is reduced, and the second intermediate heat exchanger 5-2 Setting the brine inlet / outlet temperature difference small and increasing the brine flow rate will improve performance.
- the expansion device 4-1 and the expansion device 4-3 are fully opened, and the refrigerant is reduced in pressure by the expansion device 4-2, thereby the first intermediate heat exchanger 5-1.
- the amount of heat exchange can be appropriately controlled according to the temperature distribution of each intermediate heat exchanger 5. Therefore, also in the air conditioner 300, the temperature difference target value based on Embodiment 1 can be set and controlled in each of the cooling intermediate heat exchanger and the heating intermediate heat exchanger, and the COP is high. You can drive in.
- the check valve block 10 is abbreviate
- the temperature difference target value based on the first embodiment can be set and controlled in each of the cooling intermediate heat exchanger and the heating intermediate heat exchanger, and operation can be performed with a high COP.
- a minimum of two intermediate heat exchangers are required for each of the indoor units C connected to the diversion controller B1 to perform cooling and heating, but three or more intermediate heat exchangers are mounted on the diversion controller B1.
- fine control can be performed according to the load in the room.
- FIG. 19 is a refrigerant circuit diagram illustrating a refrigerant circuit configuration of an air-conditioning apparatus 400 according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention. Based on FIG. 19, the circuit configuration and operation of the air-conditioning apparatus 400 will be described.
- the air conditioner 400 includes a plurality of indoor heat exchangers and uses a refrigeration cycle (primary side cycle and secondary side cycle) that circulates refrigerant (primary side heat transfer medium and secondary side heat transfer medium). Therefore, cooling and heating can be performed simultaneously.
- a refrigeration cycle primary side cycle and secondary side cycle
- refrigerant primary side heat transfer medium and secondary side heat transfer medium
- the air conditioner 400 includes an outdoor unit (hereinafter referred to as an outdoor unit A2), a flow dividing controller (hereinafter referred to as a flow dividing controller B2), and an extension pipe that connects them to each other. It is different from the 200 outdoor units A, the diversion controller B, and the extension pipe connecting them. About the other structure of the air conditioning apparatus 400, it is the same as that of the air conditioning apparatus 200 which concerns on Embodiment 3. FIG.
- the air conditioner 400 uses an intermediate heat exchange in which the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 is used for heating when there is an indoor unit C that performs heating operation as piping connecting the outdoor unit A2 and the diversion controller B2.
- a high pressure pipe 52-1 for supplying directly to the cooler 5 a low pressure pipe 52-2 for returning the refrigerant from the intermediate heat exchanger 5 used for cooling to the compressor 1 when there is an indoor unit C for cooling operation,
- the outdoor heat exchanger 3 and the intermediate pressure pipe 52-3 for moving the intermediate pressure refrigerant of the flow dividing controller B2 are provided.
- a branch portion is provided in the discharge pipe of the compressor 1 and connected to the high pressure pipe 52-1, and a branch portion is provided in the suction pipe of the compressor 1 and connected to the low pressure pipe 52-2.
- the four-way valve 2 needs to radiate heat to the outside air with the outdoor heat exchanger 3 due to the cooling / heating ratio of the indoor unit C, it is necessary to absorb heat from the outside air with the outdoor heat exchanger 3 as shown by the solid line in the figure. In such a case, it is switched to connect the pipe as shown by the dotted line in the figure.
- the first expansion device 6 of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 controls, for example, the degree of superheat (SH) of the refrigerant at the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger, thereby performing the outdoor heat exchange.
- SH degree of superheat
- the condenser 3 acts as a condenser
- the outdoor heat is controlled by controlling the degree of supercooling (SC) of the refrigerant at the outlet of the outdoor heat exchanger, the outlet temperature of the refrigerant of the outdoor heat exchanger 3, the intermediate pressure Pc, and the like. The heat exchange amount of the exchanger 3 is adjusted.
- a high pressure pipe 52-1 is connected to one end of the three-way valve 8-1 and the three-way valve 8-2, and a low pressure pipe 52-2 is connected to the other end of the three-way valve 8-1 and the three-way valve 8-2.
- the intermediate heat exchangers 5-1 and 5-2 are provided at one end of the expansion device 4-1, and the expansion device 4-2, and the intermediate pressure pipe 52-3 is provided at the other end of the expansion device 4-1.
- a minimum of two intermediate heat exchangers are required for each of the indoor units C connected to the diversion controller B2 to perform cooling and heating, but three or more intermediate heat exchangers are mounted on the diversion controller B2. If the connection of each element is connected so that it can be switched by a three-way valve, fine control can be performed according to the load in the room.
- the condensed liquid refrigerant is decompressed by the first expansion device 6, the expansion device 4-1, and the expansion device 4-2 to form a low-temperature and low-pressure two-phase refrigerant, and the intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 and the intermediate heat exchanger 5 Heat exchange with the water for cooling at -2 becomes a low-temperature and low-pressure gas refrigerant and returns to the compressor 1.
- the three-way valve 8-2, the three-way valve 8-3 intermediate heat exchanger 5-1, the intermediate heat exchanger 5-2 and the high pressure portion P H is controlled to be connected.
- the connection of the four-way valve 2 is switched so that the refrigerant of the outdoor heat exchanger 3 is sucked into the compressor 1.
- the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 1 is increased in pressure by the compressor 1, exchanges heat with brine for heating in the intermediate heat exchanger 5-1 and the intermediate heat exchanger 5-2, and condenses.
- the condensed liquid refrigerant is decompressed by the expansion device 4-1, the expansion device 4-2, and the first expansion device 6 to become a low-temperature and low-pressure two-phase refrigerant, and exchanges heat with the outside air in the outdoor heat exchanger 3, thereby The gas refrigerant is returned to the compressor 1.
- Heating-based operation Heating During main operation, so that the intermediate heat exchanger 5 for producing hot water is connected to the high pressure portion P H, the three-way valve 8 so that the intermediate heat exchanger 5 that produces cold water is connected to the low pressure portion P L Control.
- the connection of the four-way valve 2 is switched in the same manner as in the heating operation.
- the refrigerant sucked into the compressor 1 is pressurized by the compressor 1, exchanges heat with water for heating by the intermediate heat exchanger 5 that generates hot water, and condenses.
- the condensed liquid refrigerant is branched into two paths, and is partially depressurized to lower the temperature and flow into the intermediate heat exchanger 5 that generates cold water, exchanges heat with water for cooling, and the rest is an outdoor heat exchanger.
- the heat exchange with the outside air is performed at 3 and the compressor 1 is returned.
- the air conditioner 400 is configured, and the number of connection pipes is increased as compared with the third embodiment, but the flow control valve in the shunt controller B can be omitted. Also in the air conditioner 400, the temperature difference target value based on Embodiment 1 can be set and controlled in each of the cooling intermediate heat exchanger and the heating intermediate heat exchanger, and the operation is performed in a state where the COP is high. it can.
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Abstract
Description
実施の形態1.
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る空気調和装置100の冷媒回路構成を示す冷媒回路図である。図1に基づいて、空気調和装置100の回路構成及び動作について説明する。この空気調和装置100は、冷媒(一次側熱伝達媒体及び二次側熱伝達媒体)を循環させる冷凍サイクル(一次側サイクル及び二次側サイクル)を利用することで冷房又は暖房を行なえるものである。なお、図1を含め、以下の図面では各構成部材の大きさの関係が実際のものとは異なる場合がある。
[冷房運転]
冷房運転を行なう場合、四方弁2を、圧縮機1から吐出された冷媒を室外熱交換器3へ流入させるように(図1で示す実線のように)切り替える。この状態で、圧縮機1の運転を開始する。
暖房運転を行なう場合、四方弁2を、圧縮機1から吐出された冷媒を中間熱交換器5へ流入させるように(図1で示す点線のように)切り替える。この状態で、圧縮機1の運転を開始する。
図9~図11は、本発明の実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置の設置例を表す概略図である。図9~図11に基づいて、実施の形態2に係る空気調和装置の設置について説明する。この空気調和装置は、1台の室外ユニット(室外機)に対して複数の室内ユニット(室内機)を接続し、各室内機が運転モードとして冷房、暖房を自由に選択することができる冷暖同時空調機である。なお、図9及び図10では室外機Aから分流コントローラBまで熱輸送を2本の冷媒配管で、図11では室外機Aから分流コントローラBまでの熱輸送を3本の冷媒配管で行なう場合の実施例が示されている。
図12は、本発明の実施の形態3に係る空気調和装置200の冷媒回路構成を示す冷媒回路図である。図12に基づいて、空気調和装置200の回路構成及び動作について説明する。この空気調和装置200は、複数台の室内熱交換器を備え、冷媒(一次側熱伝達媒体及び二次側熱伝達媒体)を循環させる冷凍サイクル(一次側サイクル及び二次側サイクル)を利用することで冷房及び暖房を同時に行なえるものである。なお、実施の形態3では実施の形態1との相違点を中心に説明し、実施の形態1と同一部分には、同一符号を付して説明を省略するものとする。
室外ユニットAには、圧縮機1と、四方弁2と、室外熱交換器3と、が冷媒配管で直列に接続されて搭載されている。また、室外ユニットAには、第1接続配管10-5、第2接続配管10-6、逆止弁10-1、逆止弁10-2、逆止弁10-3、及び、逆止弁10-4で構成される逆止弁ブロック10が設けられている。この逆止弁ブロック10は、室内ユニットCが実行している運転に関わらず、分流コントローラBに流入させる熱源側冷媒の流れを一定方向にする機能を有している。つまり、逆止弁ブロック10により、運転モードにかかわらず、PH がサイクルの高圧側、PL がサイクルの低圧側となる。なお、室外ユニットAには、室外ファン3-aも搭載されている。
分流コントローラBには、第1絞り装置6と、第2絞り装置7と、2台の中間熱交換器5(第1中間熱交換器5-1、第2中間熱交換器5-2)と、2つの絞り装置(絞り装置4-1、絞り装置4-2)と、2つの熱源側三方弁8(熱源側三方弁8-1、熱源側三方弁8-2)と、2台のポンプ11(第1ポンプ11-1、第2ポンプ11-2)と、3つの第1利用側三方弁13(紙面上側から利用側三方弁13-1、利用側三方弁13-2、利用側三方弁13-3)と、3つの第2利用側三方弁15(紙面上側から利用側三方弁15-1、利用側三方弁15-2、利用側三方弁15-3)と、3つの二方弁14(紙面上側から二方弁14-1、二方弁14-2、二方弁14-3)と、が搭載されている。
室内ユニットCには、3台の室内熱交換器12(紙面上側から室内熱交換器12-1、室内熱交換器12-2、室内熱交換器12-3)及び3台の室内ファン12-a(紙面上側から室内ファン12-1a、室内ファン12-2a、室内ファン12-3a)が搭載されている。この室内熱交換器12は、分流コントローラBに設けられている二方弁14及び第2利用側三方弁15と接続するようになっている。また、室内ユニットCには、室内温度検出器28(紙面上側から室内温度検出器28-1、室内温度検出器28-2、室内温度検出器28ー3)が設けられている。
図14は、実施の形態3に係る空気調和装置200の冷房運転時の冷媒、ブラインの流れを示す図である。
まず、冷媒の流れについて説明する。冷房運転時には、圧縮機1から吐出された冷媒を室外熱交換器3に流入させるように四方弁2を切り替えている。圧縮機1に吸入された冷媒は圧縮機1で昇圧され、室外熱交換器3で外気と熱交換し凝縮する。この凝縮した液冷媒は、絞り装置6を通り、二経路の冷媒回路に分配されて絞り装置4-1、絞り装置4-2で減圧されて低温低圧の二相冷媒になり、中間熱交換器5-1、中間熱交換器5-2で冷房するための水と熱交換し、低温低圧のガス冷媒となり、圧縮機1に戻る。
図15は、実施の形態3に係る空気調和装置200の暖房運転時の冷媒、ブラインの流れを示す図である。
まず、冷媒の流れについて説明する。暖房運転時には、図15に示すように、圧縮機1から吐出された冷媒を逆止弁ブロック10に流入させるように四方弁2を切り替えている。圧縮機1に吸入された冷媒は圧縮機1で昇圧され、分流コントローラBで二経路の冷媒回路に分配されて中間熱交換器5-1、中間熱交換器5-2で暖房するためのブラインと熱交換し、凝縮する。凝縮した液冷媒は、絞り装置4-1、絞り装置4-2、絞り装置7で減圧されて低温低圧の二相冷媒になり、室外熱交換器3で外気と熱交換し、低温低圧のガス冷媒となり圧縮機1に戻る。
図16は、実施の形態3に係る空気調和装置200の冷房主体運転時の冷媒、ブラインの流れを示す図である
まず、冷媒の流れについて説明する。冷房主体運転時の四方弁2の接続は、冷房運転と同じである。圧縮機1に吸入された冷媒は、圧縮機1で昇圧され、加熱能力の余剰分を室外熱交換器3で放熱し、さらに中間熱交換器5-2で水を加熱する。その後、中間熱交換器5-1の水を冷却して圧縮機1に戻る。
図17は、実施の形態3に係る空気調和装置200の暖房主体運転時の冷媒、ブラインの流れを示す図である。
まず、冷媒の流れについて説明する。暖房主体運転時の四方弁2の接続は、暖房運転と同じである。圧縮機1に吸入された冷媒は、圧縮機1で昇圧され、暖房用の中間熱交換器5-2で暖房するための水と熱交換し、凝縮する。凝縮した液冷媒は、絞り装置4-2、絞り装置4-1で減圧されて温度低下して冷房用の中間熱交換器5-1に流入し、冷房するための水と熱交換する。その後、室外熱交換器3で外気と熱交換して圧縮機1に戻る。
図18は、本発明の実施の形態4に係る空気調和装置300の冷媒回路構成を示す冷媒回路図である。図18に基づいて、空気調和装置300の回路構成及び動作について説明する。この空気調和装置300は、複数台の室内熱交換器を備え、冷媒(一次側熱伝達媒体及び二次側熱伝達媒体)を循環させる冷凍サイクル(一次側サイクル及び二次側サイクル)を利用することで冷房及び暖房を同時に行なえるものである。なお、実施の形態4では実施の形態1及び実施の形態3との相違点を中心に説明し、実施の形態1及び実施の形態3と同一部分には、同一符号を付して説明を省略するものとする。
分流コントローラB1に、第1中間熱交換器5-1と第2中間熱交換器5-2とが直列に接続されて搭載されている。そして、絞り装置4-1が第2中間熱交換器5-2の前段(上流側)に、絞り装置4-2が第2中間熱交換器5-2と第1中間熱交換器5-1との間に、絞り装置4-3が第1中間熱交換器5-1の後段(下流側)に、それぞれ設けられている。また、分流コントローラB1には、絞り装置4-1を迂回するバイパス管50-1、バイパス管50-1を開閉する開閉弁51-1、絞り装置4-2を迂回するバイパス管50-2、バイパス管50-2を開閉する開閉弁51-2、絞り装置4-3を迂回するバイパス管50-3、バイパス管50-3を開閉する開閉弁51-3を備えている。
冷房運転時には、開閉弁51-2および開閉弁51-3を開き、開閉弁51-1を閉止している。四方弁2の接続は、圧縮機1から吐出された冷媒を室外熱交換器3に流入させるように切り替えられている。圧縮機1に吸入された冷媒は、圧縮機1で昇圧され、室外熱交換器3で外気と熱交換し凝縮する。この凝縮した液冷媒は、絞り装置4-1で減圧されて低温低圧の二相冷媒になり、中間熱交換器5-1、中間熱交換器5-2で冷房するための水と熱交換し、低温低圧のガス冷媒となり、圧縮機1に戻る。
暖房運転時には、開閉弁51-1および開閉弁51-2を開き、開閉弁51-3を閉止している。四方弁2の接続は、圧縮機1から吐出された冷媒を逆止弁ブロック10に流入させるように切り替えられている。圧縮機1に吸入された冷媒は、圧縮機1で昇圧され、中間熱交換器5-1、中間熱交換器5-2で暖房するためのブラインと熱交換し、凝縮する。凝縮した液冷媒は、絞り装置4-3で減圧されて低温低圧の二相冷媒になり、室外熱交換器3で外気と熱交換し、低温低圧のガス冷媒となり圧縮機1に戻る。
冷房主体運転時には、開閉弁51-1および開閉弁51-3を開き、開閉弁51-2を閉止している。四方弁2の接続は、冷房運転と同じように切り替えられる。圧縮機1に吸入された冷媒は、圧縮機1で昇圧され、加熱能力の余剰分を室外熱交換器3で放熱し、さらに中間熱交換器5-2で水を加熱する。その後、中間熱交換器5-1の水を冷却して圧縮機1に戻る。
暖房主体運転時には、開閉弁51-1および開閉弁51-3を開き、開閉弁51-2を閉止している。四方弁2の接続は、暖房運転と同じように切り替えられる。圧縮機1に吸入された冷媒は、圧縮機1で昇圧され、暖房用の中間熱交換器5-2で暖房するための水と熱交換し、凝縮する。凝縮した液冷媒は、絞り装置4-2、絞り装置4-1で減圧されて温度低下して冷房用の中間熱交換器5-1に流入し、冷房するための水と熱交換する。その後、室外熱交換器3で外気と熱交換して圧縮機1に戻る。
図19は、本発明の実施の形態5に係る空気調和装置400の冷媒回路構成を示す冷媒回路図である。図19に基づいて、空気調和装置400の回路構成及び動作について説明する。この空気調和装置400は、複数台の室内熱交換器を備え、冷媒(一次側熱伝達媒体及び二次側熱伝達媒体)を循環させる冷凍サイクル(一次側サイクル及び二次側サイクル)を利用することで冷房及び暖房を同時に行なえるものである。なお、実施の形態5では実施の形態1、実施の形態3及び実施の形態4との相違点を中心に説明し、実施の形態1、実施の形態3及び実施の形態4と同一部分には、同一符号を付して説明を省略するものとする。
空気調和装置400は、室外ユニットA2と分流コントローラB2とを接続する配管として、暖房運転をする室内ユニットCが存在する場合に、圧縮機1から吐出された冷媒を暖房用に使用する中間熱交換器5に直接供給する高圧管52-1と、冷房運転をする室内ユニットCが存在する場合に、冷房に使用する中間熱交換器5から圧縮機1に冷媒を戻す低圧管52-2と、室外熱交換器3と分流コントローラB2の中間圧力の冷媒を移動させる中圧管52-3と、を備えている。
圧縮機1の吐出配管に分岐部を設け、高圧管52-1と接続するとともに、圧縮機1の吸入配管に分岐部を設け、低圧管52-2と接続する。四方弁2は、室内ユニットCの冷暖比率により室外熱交換器3で外気に放熱する必要がある場合には、図中の実線のように、室外熱交換器3で外気から吸熱する必要がある場合には、図中の点線のように、配管を接続するように切り替えられる。このとき室外熱交換器3の第1絞り装置6は、室外熱交換器3が蒸発器として作用する場合には、たとえば室外熱交換器出口冷媒の過熱度(SH)を制御し、室外熱交換器3が凝縮器として作用する場合には、たとえば室外熱交換器出口冷媒の過冷却度(SC)や、室外熱交換器3の冷媒の出口温度、中間の圧力Pcなどを制御して室外熱交換器3の熱交換量を調整する。
三方弁8-1、三方弁8-2の一端に高圧管52-1が接続されるとともに、三方弁8-1、三方弁8-2の他端に低圧管52-2が接続される。また、絞り装置4-1、絞り装置4-2の一端に中間熱交換器5-1および5-2が、絞り装置4-1、絞り装置4-2の他端に中圧管52-3が接続される。なお、分流コントローラB2に接続された複数の室内ユニットCがそれぞれ冷房、暖房を行なうには最低2台の中間熱交換器が必要であるが、分流コントローラB2に中間熱交換器を3台以上搭載しても良く、それぞれの要素の接続を三方弁で切り替えられるように接続すれば、室内の負荷に応じてきめ細やかな制御ができる。
冷房運転時には、三方弁8-2、三方弁8-3を中間熱交換器5-1、中間熱交換器5-2と低圧部PL が接続されるように制御される。四方弁2の接続は、圧縮機1から吐出された冷媒を室外熱交換器3に流入させるように切り替えられている。このとき、圧縮機1に吸入された冷媒は、圧縮機1で昇圧され、室外熱交換器3で外気と熱交換し凝縮する。この凝縮した液冷媒は、第1絞り装置6と絞り装置4-1および絞り装置4-2で減圧されて低温低圧の二相冷媒になり、中間熱交換器5-1、中間熱交換器5-2で冷房するための水と熱交換し、低温低圧のガス冷媒となり、圧縮機1に戻る。
暖房運転時には、三方弁8-2、三方弁8-3が中間熱交換器5-1、中間熱交換器5-2と高圧部PH が接続されるように制御される。四方弁2の接続は、室外熱交換器3の冷媒が圧縮機1に吸入されるように切り替えられている。圧縮機1に吸入された冷媒は、圧縮機1で昇圧され、中間熱交換器5-1、中間熱交換器5-2で暖房するためのブラインと熱交換し、凝縮する。凝縮した液冷媒は、絞り装置4-1および絞り装置4-2と第1絞り装置6で減圧されて低温低圧の二相冷媒になり、室外熱交換器3で外気と熱交換し、低温低圧のガス冷媒となり圧縮機1に戻る。
冷房主体運転時には、温水を生成する中間熱交換器5が高圧部PH に接続されるように、冷水を生成する中間熱交換器5が低圧部PL に接続されるように三方弁8を制御する。四方弁2の接続は、冷房運転と同じように切り替えられる。圧縮機1に吸入された冷媒は、圧縮機1で昇圧され、二経路に分岐され、加熱能力の余剰分を室外熱交換器3で放熱すると同時に、温水を生成する中間熱交換器5で水を加熱する。その後、冷水を生成する中間熱交換器5の水を冷却して圧縮機1に戻る。
暖房主体運転時には、温水を生成する中間熱交換器5が高圧部PH に接続されるように、冷水を生成する中間熱交換器5が低圧部PL に接続されるように三方弁8を制御する。四方弁2の接続は、暖房運転と同じように切り替えられる。圧縮機1に吸入された冷媒は、圧縮機1で昇圧され、温水を生成する中間熱交換器5で暖房するための水と熱交換し、凝縮する。凝縮した液冷媒は、二経路に分岐され一部は減圧されて温度低下して冷水を生成する中間熱交換器5に流入し、冷房するための水と熱交換し、残りは室外熱交換器3で外気と熱交換して圧縮機1に戻る。
Claims (9)
- 圧縮機、熱源側熱交換器、絞り装置、及び、少なくとも1台の中間熱交換器が接続され、一次側熱伝達媒体を循環させる一次側サイクルと、
ポンプ、利用側熱交換器、及び、前記中間熱交換器が接続され、二次側熱伝達媒体を循環させる二次側サイクルと、を有し、
前記中間熱交換器において前記一次側熱伝達媒体と前記二次側熱伝達媒体とを熱交換させる空気調和装置において、
前記利用側熱交換器の前後、または、前記中間熱交換器の前後における前記二次側熱伝達媒体の温度差の目標値を冷房運転時よりも暖房運転時の方が大きくなるように設定し、前記利用側熱交換器の前後、または、前記中間熱交換器の二次側熱伝達媒体の流量を制御する制御手段を有する
ことを特徴とする空気調和装置。 - 前記中間熱交換器出口の前記一次側熱伝達媒体の過冷却度を、前記中間熱交換器の前後における前記二次側熱伝達媒体の出入口温度差以下に制御する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記利用側熱交換器での負荷の大きさに応じて、前記利用側熱交換器の前後、または、前記中間熱交換器の前後における前記二次側熱伝達媒体の温度差の目標値を設定する
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記利用側熱交換器での負荷が予め定められている負荷以下の場合の前記二次側熱伝達媒体の温度差の目標値を、前記利用側熱交換器での負荷が予め定められている負荷よりも大きな場合の前記二次側熱伝達媒体の温度差の目標値以下に設定する
ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載の空気調和装置。 - 1台の室外ユニットに対して複数の利用側熱交換器が接続され、それぞれの利用側熱交換器の運転モードを冷房、暖房に自由に選択することが可能なものにおいて、
前記圧縮機及び前記熱源側熱交換器が室外ユニットに設けられ、
前記複数の利用側熱交換器が複数の室内ユニットに設けられ、
前記中間熱交換器及び前記複数の室内ユニットに二次側熱伝達媒体を供給する流量を制御する手段が中継部に設けられ、
それぞれ互いに離れた場所に設置でき、
前記室外ユニットから前記中継部への熱輸送を一次側熱伝達媒体で、前記中継部から前記室内ユニットまでの熱輸送を二次側熱伝達媒体で行なうようにしている
ことを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記室外ユニット内に収容する各装置を制御する室外機側制御装置と、
前記中継部内に収容する各装置を制御し、前記室外機側制御装置との間で通信可能な中継部制御装置と、を備え、
前記室内ユニットの負荷情報または/および前記二次側熱伝達媒体の温度差目標値または/および前記中間熱交換器出口の前記一次側熱伝達媒体の過冷却度の目標値または該制御目標値の増減値のデータを含む制御信号を、前記中継部制御装置から前記室外機側制御装置または前記室外機側制御装置から前記中継部制御装置に送信する
ことを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記中間熱交換器を複数台備えたものにおいて、
前記中間熱交換器のそれぞれを、前記一次側熱伝達媒体の流れに対して直列に、前記二次側熱伝達媒体の流れに対して並列に設置し、
冷房運転時には、前記中間熱交換器のそれぞれの前記二次側熱伝達媒体の出入口温度差が同一になるように制御し、
暖房運転時には、前記一次側熱伝達媒体の流れに対して上流側の前記中間熱交換器の前記二次側熱伝達媒体の出入口温度差が前記一次側熱伝達媒体の流れに対して下流側の前記中間熱交換器の前記二次側熱伝達媒体の出入口温度差以上に制御する
ことを特徴とする請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記中間熱交換器を一次側熱伝達媒体の凝縮器として使用するものにおいて、
前記中間熱交換器を流れる前記一次側熱伝達媒体と前記二次側熱伝達媒体とを対向流としている
ことを特徴とする請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。 - 前記一次側熱伝達媒体に臨界温度が50℃以下である熱媒体を用いた
ことを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の空気調和装置。
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011513205A JP5465242B2 (ja) | 2009-05-12 | 2009-07-10 | 空気調和装置 |
| US13/266,247 US9366452B2 (en) | 2009-05-12 | 2009-07-10 | Air-conditioning apparatus with primary and secondary heat exchange cycles |
| CN200980159215.5A CN102422093B (zh) | 2009-05-12 | 2009-07-10 | 空调装置 |
| EP09844648.7A EP2431675B1 (en) | 2009-05-12 | 2009-07-10 | Air conditioner |
| US15/141,298 US9534807B2 (en) | 2009-05-12 | 2016-04-28 | Air conditioning apparatus with primary and secondary heat exchange cycles |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2009-115778 | 2009-05-12 | ||
| JP2009115778 | 2009-05-12 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/266,247 A-371-Of-International US9366452B2 (en) | 2009-05-12 | 2009-07-10 | Air-conditioning apparatus with primary and secondary heat exchange cycles |
| US15/141,298 Division US9534807B2 (en) | 2009-05-12 | 2016-04-28 | Air conditioning apparatus with primary and secondary heat exchange cycles |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2010131378A1 true WO2010131378A1 (ja) | 2010-11-18 |
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ID=43084765
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2009/062576 Ceased WO2010131378A1 (ja) | 2009-05-12 | 2009-07-10 | 空気調和装置 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US9366452B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP2431675B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5465242B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN102422093B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2010131378A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102422093B (zh) | 2014-03-19 |
| EP2431675A1 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
| EP2431675B1 (en) | 2019-09-11 |
| EP2431675A4 (en) | 2015-02-18 |
| US9534807B2 (en) | 2017-01-03 |
| CN102422093A (zh) | 2012-04-18 |
| JPWO2010131378A1 (ja) | 2012-11-01 |
| US20120042674A1 (en) | 2012-02-23 |
| US9366452B2 (en) | 2016-06-14 |
| JP5465242B2 (ja) | 2014-04-09 |
| US20160238273A1 (en) | 2016-08-18 |
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