WO2010116667A1 - 流体機械、当該流体機械を用いた冷媒回路及び廃熱利用装置 - Google Patents
流体機械、当該流体機械を用いた冷媒回路及び廃熱利用装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010116667A1 WO2010116667A1 PCT/JP2010/002259 JP2010002259W WO2010116667A1 WO 2010116667 A1 WO2010116667 A1 WO 2010116667A1 JP 2010002259 W JP2010002259 W JP 2010002259W WO 2010116667 A1 WO2010116667 A1 WO 2010116667A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- working fluid
- inlet port
- waste heat
- heat utilization
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G5/00—Profiting from waste heat of combustion engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02G5/02—Profiting from waste heat of exhaust gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C1/00—Rotary-piston machines or engines
- F01C1/02—Rotary-piston machines or engines of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
- F01C1/0207—Rotary-piston machines or engines of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form
- F01C1/0215—Rotary-piston machines or engines of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form where only one member is moving
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C20/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines or engines
- F01C20/06—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines or engines specially adapted for stopping, starting, idling or no-load operation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C20/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines or engines
- F01C20/24—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines or engines characterised by using valves for controlling pressure or flow rate, e.g. discharge valves
- F01C20/26—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines or engines characterised by using valves for controlling pressure or flow rate, e.g. discharge valves using bypass channels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C20/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, machines or engines
- F01C20/28—Safety arrangements; Monitoring
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01C—ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01C21/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in groups F01C1/00 - F01C20/00
- F01C21/18—Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/065—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle the combustion taking place in an internal combustion piston engine, e.g. a diesel engine
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C18/00—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04C18/02—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents
- F04C18/0207—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form
- F04C18/0215—Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of arcuate-engagement type, i.e. with circular translatory movement of co-operating members, each member having the same number of teeth or tooth-equivalents both members having co-operating elements in spiral form where only one member is moving
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C28/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04C28/06—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids specially adapted for stopping, starting, idling or no-load operation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C28/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04C28/24—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids characterised by using valves controlling pressure or flow rate, e.g. discharge valves or unloading valves
- F04C28/26—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids characterised by using valves controlling pressure or flow rate, e.g. discharge valves or unloading valves using bypass channels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C28/00—Control of, monitoring of, or safety arrangements for, pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04C28/28—Safety arrangements; Monitoring
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04C—ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04C29/00—Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
- F04C29/12—Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet
- F04C29/124—Arrangements for admission or discharge of the working fluid, e.g. constructional features of the inlet or outlet with inlet and outlet valves specially adapted for rotary or oscillating piston pumps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/8593—Systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fluid machine, a refrigerant circuit using the fluid machine, and a waste heat utilization device.
- This type of waste heat utilization apparatus includes a Rankine circuit in which an expander that generates a driving force by expanding a working fluid that has been made high pressure by waste heat from a heat source is inserted in a circulation path of the working fluid.
- a high-pressure channel in which the high-pressure side pressure of the working fluid on the inlet port side of the expander acts on the circulation path, a low-pressure channel in which the low-pressure side pressure of the working fluid on the outlet port side of the expander acts, and the Rankine circuit Pressure holding means for holding the pressure of the high-pressure channel when the operation is stopped.
- shutoff valve for accumulating pressure in the high-pressure channel
- control valve pressure-regulating valve
- relief valve bypass valve
- a high-pressure portion of the working fluid a low-pressure portion of the working fluid, a drive portion, a communication passage that directly bypasses the high-pressure portion and the low-pressure portion, and an opening / closing means (bypass valve) that opens and closes the communication passage are provided.
- An expander is known (see, for example, Patent Document 2).
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and a fluid machine capable of realizing a Rankine circuit, and thus a reduction in size and cost of the apparatus, while preventing abnormal high pressure and improving startability of the Rankine circuit, It aims at providing the refrigerant circuit and waste heat utilization apparatus using the said fluid machine.
- a drive unit that is driven by a working fluid flowing in from an inlet port and discharges the working fluid to an outlet port, and a working fluid that flows in from the inlet port is used as a driving unit.
- the communication path to be introduced, the bypass path for guiding the working fluid flowing from the inlet port to the outlet port by bypassing the drive unit, and blocking or canceling the inflow of the working fluid from the inlet port, as well as the communication path and bypass A fluid machine including a valve mechanism for switching between passages in a housing is provided.
- the refrigerant circuit provided with the fluid machine of Claim 1 in the circulation path for circulating a working fluid is provided (Claim 2).
- the working fluid which is accommodated in the housing of the fluid machine and is made high pressure by the waste heat of the heat source is expanded by the driving portion to generate the driving force.
- a Rankine circuit having a unit inserted in the circulation path is connected to the inlet port, connected to the high-pressure flow path on which the high-pressure side pressure of the working fluid circulating in the circulation path acts, and to the circulation path.
- a pressure holding means for holding the pressure of the high pressure flow path
- the valve mechanism is configured to supply the working fluid from the inlet port when the pressure holding means is operated.
- a waste heat utilization device that shuts off the inflow and releases the shutoff of the inflow of the working fluid from the inlet port when the pressure of the high-pressure flow path is equal to or higher than a predetermined first set pressure, and connects the bypass passage or the communication passage. Done ( Motomeko 3).
- the valve mechanism communicates the communication path during operation of the Rankine circuit, operates the pressure holding means when the Rankine circuit is stopped, shuts off the inflow of the working fluid from the inlet port, and the pressure of the high-pressure channel is a predetermined pressure.
- the pressure becomes equal to or higher than the first set pressure, the blocking of the inflow of the working fluid from the inlet port is released and the bypass passage or the communication passage is communicated, and the communication passage is communicated when restarting after the Rankine circuit is stopped. ).
- the valve mechanism communicates the communication path during operation of the Rankine circuit, and operates the pressure holding means during operation of the Rankine circuit when the pressure of the high-pressure channel becomes lower than a predetermined second set pressure. Then, the flow of the working fluid from the inlet port is blocked, and when the pressure of the high pressure channel becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined third set pressure, the blocking of the flow of the working fluid from the inlet port is released and the communication path is made to communicate. (Claim 5).
- the valve mechanism releases the blocking of the inflow of the working fluid from the inlet port by communicating only the bypass passage when the pressure of the high pressure channel becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined first set pressure.
- the valve mechanism switches the communication path and the bypass path so as to communicate with each other and supports the valve body on which the high pressure side pressure of the inlet port acts, and presses the valve body against the high pressure side pressure. It comprises a spring mechanism for blocking or releasing the flow of the working fluid from the inlet port by releasing the pressure (Claim 7).
- the spring mechanism includes a spring that presses the valve body, and a storage chamber that stores the spring and is airtightly defined from the inlet port.
- the storage chamber is communicated with the outlet port, and the spring mechanism is configured such that when the force acting on the valve body by the high pressure side pressure of the inlet port is greater than the resultant force of the low pressure side pressure of the outlet port and the pressing force of the spring, The passage of the working fluid is released from the inlet port by communicating with the bypass path (Claim 9).
- the storage chamber is opened to the atmosphere, and the spring mechanism is configured to connect the bypass passage when the force acting on the valve body by the high-pressure side pressure of the inlet port is greater than the resultant force of the atmospheric pressure and the pressing force of the spring.
- the blocking of the inflow of the working fluid from the inlet port is released (claim 10).
- the valve body is a ball valve or a rotary valve, and is rotated by a predetermined drive source.
- a fluid machine includes a valve mechanism in a housing for blocking or releasing the flow of a working fluid from an inlet port and switching between a communication path and a bypass path in a housing. Since the machine has a multifunctional valve mechanism, it has a simple configuration.
- a refrigerant circuit comprising the fluid machine according to the first aspect in a circulation path for circulating the working fluid, and a valve for connecting or releasing the inflow of the working fluid to the refrigerant circuit, or a communication circuit. Since it is not necessary to provide a valve for switching between the passage and the bypass passage, the configuration is simple.
- the valve mechanism blocks the inflow of the working fluid from the inlet port when the pressure holding means is operated, while the pressure of the high-pressure channel becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined set pressure.
- the blocking of the inflow of the working fluid from the inlet port is released and the bypass passage or the communication passage is communicated.
- a shut-off valve for accumulating pressure in the high-pressure flow path, a pressure adjustment valve for adjusting the pressure by preventing abnormal high pressure in the high-pressure flow path, and the abnormal high pressure of the working fluid are released when the Rankine circuit is abnormally high in pressure.
- the Rankine circuit Since a single valve mechanism that integrates the three functions of the bypass valve can be provided, the Rankine circuit and thus the waste heat utilization device can be reduced in size and cost while preventing abnormally high pressure and improving the startability of the Rankine circuit. Reduction can be realized.
- the valve mechanism communicates the communication path during operation of the Rankine circuit, operates the pressure holding means when the Rankine circuit is stopped, and blocks the inflow of the working fluid from the inlet port.
- the pressure of the flow path is equal to or higher than a predetermined first set pressure
- the blocking of the inflow of the working fluid from the inlet port is canceled and the bypass path or the communication path is connected, and the communication path is restarted after the Rankine circuit is stopped To communicate.
- This prevents abnormal high pressure in the Rankine circuit accumulates pressure in the high-pressure channel when the Rankine circuit is stopped, and activates the Rankine circuit using the pressure of the working fluid accumulated in the high-pressure channel when the Rankine circuit is restarted can do.
- the valve mechanism communicates the communication path during operation of the Rankine circuit, and maintains the pressure during operation of the Rankine circuit when the pressure of the high-pressure channel becomes less than a predetermined second set pressure.
- the inflow of the working fluid from the inlet port is shut off by operating the means, and when the pressure of the high-pressure channel becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined third set pressure, the blocking of the inflow of the working fluid from the inlet port is canceled and the communication path To communicate.
- pressure is accumulated in the high pressure flow path until the high pressure side pressure of the working fluid reaches an appropriate pressure, and when the high pressure side pressure of the working fluid becomes an appropriate pressure, the communication path is communicated. Therefore, the high pressure of the working fluid circulating in the Rankine circuit The side pressure can be properly maintained.
- the valve mechanism since the valve mechanism communicates only the bypass passage and releases the shut-off of the inlet port, an abnormally high pressure working fluid flows into the communication passage and the drive unit is driven at a high speed. Since burn-in can be prevented, device protection of the expansion unit, Rankine circuit, and eventually the waste heat utilization device is thoroughly implemented, and the reliability of the waste heat utilization device can be improved.
- the valve mechanism switches the communication path and the bypass path to communicate with each other, supports the valve body on which the high pressure side pressure of the inlet port acts, supports the valve body, and resists the high pressure side pressure.
- the spring mechanism is configured to block or release the inflow of the working fluid from the inlet port by pressing or releasing the valve body. Further, since the inlet port can be mechanically released, the abnormal abnormal high pressure can be opened quickly, and the reliability of the waste heat utilization device can be further improved.
- the waste heat utilization apparatus has a simple configuration because the spring mechanism includes a spring that presses the valve body, and a storage chamber in which the spring is stored and the inlet port is airtightly partitioned.
- the accommodation chamber is communicated with the outlet port, and the spring mechanism is configured such that the force acting on the valve body by the high pressure side pressure of the inlet port depends on the low pressure side pressure of the outlet port and the pressing force of the spring.
- the bypass passage is connected to release the blocking of the inflow of the working fluid from the inlet port.
- the abnormally high-pressure opening of the high-pressure channel can be performed based on the differential pressure between the inlet port and the outlet port, that is, the high-pressure side pressure and the low-pressure side pressure of the working fluid (relative pressure control).
- the high-pressure side pressure and the low-pressure side pressure of the working fluid relative pressure control.
- the accommodation chamber is opened to the atmosphere, and the spring mechanism is configured such that the force acting on the valve body by the high-pressure side pressure of the inlet port is greater than the resultant force of the atmospheric pressure and the pressing force of the spring.
- the communication of the inflow of the working fluid from the inlet port is released by communicating the bypass path.
- the abnormally high-pressure opening of the high-pressure channel can be performed based only on the absolute pressure of the inlet port, that is, the high-pressure side pressure (absolute pressure control), and therefore, a predetermined set pressure for releasing the shut-off of the inlet port is set.
- the valve body is a ball valve or a rotary valve, and is rotated by a predetermined drive source.
- FIG. 2 It is a figure showing roughly the composition of the waste heat utilization device of vehicles concerning a 1st embodiment. It is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the fluid machine applied to the apparatus of FIG. (a) The longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the operating state at the time of the high pressure holding
- FIG. 5 A longitudinal sectional view showing an operating state of the valve mechanism according to the second embodiment when the Rankine circuit is held at a high pressure, and (b) an operating state when the Rankine circuit of the valve mechanism according to the second embodiment is opened at an abnormally high pressure. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view shown.
- (b) The schematic side view of the fluid machine which looked at Fig.5 (a) from the A direction.
- (b) A schematic transverse sectional view of the valve mechanism as seen from the BB direction in FIG. is there.
- 5A is a longitudinal sectional view showing an operating state of the valve mechanism of FIG. 5 when the Rankine circuit is held at a high pressure
- FIG. 7B is a schematic transverse sectional view of the valve mechanism when FIG. 7A is viewed from the BB direction. is there.
- 5A is a longitudinal sectional view showing an operating state of the valve mechanism of FIG. 5 when the Rankine circuit is opened at an abnormally high pressure
- FIG. 8B is a schematic transverse sectional view of the valve mechanism as seen from the direction BB in FIG. It is.
- (b) It is a rough cross-sectional view of the valve mechanism which looked at FIG. 9 (a) from the BB direction. .
- FIG. 1 shows a waste heat utilization apparatus 1 for a vehicle according to the first embodiment, and the apparatus 1 recovers heat of exhaust gas discharged from an engine (internal combustion engine) 2 of the vehicle, for example.
- the device 1 includes a Rankine circuit 4, which has a circulation path 5 through which a working fluid (heat medium) circulates.
- the circulation path 5 is constituted by, for example, a pipe or a pipe.
- a pump 6 is inserted in the circulation path 5 to cause the working fluid to flow.
- the check valve 7, the heater 8, and the fluid machine 10 are expanded downstream of the pump 6 in the direction in which the working fluid flows.
- the unit 12 and the condenser 14 are sequentially inserted.
- the pump 6 sucks the working fluid on the condenser 14 side, pressurizes the sucked working fluid, and then discharges it toward the heater 8.
- the working fluid discharged from the pump 6 is in a low-temperature and high-pressure liquid state.
- the heater 8 is a heat exchanger, and includes a low-temperature channel 8a that constitutes a part of the circulation path 5 and a high-temperature channel 8b that can exchange heat with the channel 8a.
- the flow path 8b is inserted in an exhaust pipe 16 extending from the engine 2, for example. Therefore, when passing through the heater 8, the low-temperature and high-pressure working fluid receives the heat of the exhaust gas (heat source) generated in the engine 2. As a result, the working fluid is heated to a high temperature and high pressure superheated steam state.
- the expansion unit 12 of the fluid machine 10 expands the working fluid in a superheated steam state, and thereby the working fluid enters a high temperature and low pressure superheated steam state.
- the condenser 14 is a radiator and condenses the working fluid flowing out from the expansion unit 12 by heat exchange with the outside air to form a low-temperature and low-pressure liquid state.
- an electric fan (not shown) is disposed in the vicinity of the condenser 14, and the working fluid is cooled by wind from the front of the vehicle or wind from the electric fan.
- the working fluid cooled by the condenser 14 is again sucked into the pump 6 and circulates in the circulation path 5.
- the expansion unit 12 described above can not only expand the working fluid but also convert the thermal energy of the working fluid into torque (rotational force) and output the torque.
- a power generation unit 18 is connected to the expansion unit 12 so that the torque output from the expansion unit 12 can be used.
- An electric load 20 such as a battery, which uses or stores the generated power, is appropriately connected to the power generation unit 18.
- the fluid machine 10 is configured by connecting an expansion unit 12 and a power generation unit 18 in series.
- the expansion unit 12 is, for example, a scroll type expander that uses the scroll unit 22 as a drive unit.
- the opening of the cup-shaped casing 32 (expansion unit casing) of the expansion unit 12 is substantially covered with a partition wall 34, and a through hole is formed at the center of the partition wall 34.
- a fixed scroll 36 is fixed in the expansion unit casing 32, and a high-pressure chamber 38 is defined on the back side of the fixed scroll 36.
- the high pressure chamber 38 communicates with the heater 8 through an inlet port 33 formed in the expansion unit casing 32 and a part of the circulation path 5 connected to the inlet port 33.
- a movable scroll 40 is disposed on the front side of the fixed scroll 36 so as to mesh with it.
- An expansion chamber 42 that expands the working fluid is defined between the fixed scroll 36 and the movable scroll 40, and the periphery of the movable scroll 40 is defined as a low-pressure chamber 44 that receives the expanded working fluid.
- An introduction hole 46 is formed through substantially the center of the substrate of the fixed scroll 36, and the expansion chamber 42 and the high pressure chamber 38 located at the radial center of the fixed and movable scrolls 36 and 40 communicate with each other through the introduction hole 46. To do.
- the volume of the expansion chamber 42 increases and the expansion chamber 42 moves radially outward along the spiral walls of the fixed and movable scrolls 36 and 40.
- the expansion chamber 42 finally communicates with the low pressure chamber 44, and the expanded working fluid flows into the low pressure chamber 44.
- the low pressure chamber 44 communicates with the condenser 14 through the outlet port 45 and a part of the circulation path 5 connected to the outlet port 45.
- the movable scroll 40 With the expansion of the working fluid, the movable scroll 40 is swung with respect to the fixed scroll 36. This swiveling motion is converted into a rotating motion by the swivel mechanism. That is, a boss is integrally formed on the back surface of the substrate of the movable scroll 40, and an eccentric bush 50 is disposed in the boss via the needle bearing 48 so as to be relatively rotatable. A crank pin 52 is inserted into the eccentric bush 50, and the crank pin 52 protrudes eccentrically from the disk-shaped disk 54. From the opposite side of the disc 54 to the crankpin 52, a shaft portion 56 is integrally projected coaxially, and the shaft portion 56 is rotatably supported by the partition wall 34 via a radial bearing 58 such as a ball bearing. . That is, the turning motion of the movable scroll 40 is converted into the rotational motion of the shaft portion 56.
- the turning mechanism has, for example, a ball coupling 60 in order to prevent rotation of the movable scroll 40 during the turning motion and to receive a thrust pressure.
- the ball coupling 60 is connected to the outer peripheral portion of the substrate of the movable scroll 40.
- a cylindrical casing (power generation unit casing) 93 of the power generation unit 18 is brought into contact with the partition wall 34, and the expansion unit casing 32, the partition wall 34, and the power generation unit casing 93 are connected to each other,
- a housing for the fluid machine 10 is constructed.
- One end of the drive shaft 72 of the power generation unit 18 is formed integrally with the shaft portion 56, reaches the through hole of the partition wall 34, and is rotatably supported by the partition wall 34 via a radial bearing 58.
- the other end of the drive shaft 72 is rotatably supported via a radial bearing 74 that is fixed to the bottom of the expansion unit casing 32, thereby transmitting power between the shaft portion 56 and the drive shaft 72. Allowed, the shaft portion 56 and the drive shaft 72 rotate together.
- a rotor 96 is fixed to a portion of the drive shaft 72 extending in the power generation unit casing 93, and the rotor 96 is made of a permanent magnet, for example. Therefore, the rotor 96 is arranged coaxially with the shaft portion 56.
- a stator is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the power generation unit casing 93 so as to surround the rotor 96, and the stator includes a yoke 98 and, for example, three sets of coils 100 wound around the yoke 98.
- the coil 100 is wired so as to generate a three-phase alternating current as the rotor 96 rotates, and the generated alternating current is supplied to an external load 20 through a lead wire (not shown). Since the power generation unit 18 does not have a function as an electric motor, the shape of the yoke 98, the number of turns of the coil 100, and the like are configured to increase power generation efficiency.
- the fluid machine 10 configured as described above has a communication path 102 that allows the inlet port 33 and the expansion unit 12 to communicate with each other via the high-pressure chamber 38 and the introduction hole 46, and an inlet that bypasses the expansion unit 12.
- a bypass passage 104 that guides the working fluid flowing in from the port 33 to the outlet port 45 and a valve mechanism 106 that switches the communication passage 102 and the bypass passage 104 to communicate with each other are provided.
- the valve mechanism 106 is, for example, a ball valve, and includes a ball 108 that is a valve body.
- the ball 108 is a casing for an expansion unit in which a support portion 110 that supports the fixed scroll 40 and an inlet port 33 are formed.
- 32 is rotatably and airtightly supported by an inner surface 32a of 32 via a valve seat or the like.
- a working fluid flow path 108a is penetrated into the ball 108 in an L shape, and the ball mechanism 108 is rotated by a drive shaft (not shown) of the valve mechanism 106, whereby the valve mechanism 106 is communicated with the communication path via the flow path 108a.
- 102 or the bypass 104 is switched for communication.
- the drive shaft is driven by, for example, an electromagnetic valve (drive source) (not shown), and the electromagnetic valve is operated by an ECU (electronic control device) (not shown) that comprehensively controls the device 1.
- the rotor 96 of the power generation unit 18 rotates, and the power generation unit 18 generates an alternating current.
- the alternating current is supplied to the load 20 and appropriately stored or consumed by the load 20.
- the ball 108 is rotated to a position where neither the communication path 102 nor the bypass path 104 is communicated as shown in FIG.
- the valve mechanism 106 blocks the flow of the working fluid from the heater 8 to the high pressure chamber 38.
- the circulation path 5 has a range from the check valve 7 to the expansion unit 12 via the flow path 8a.
- a high-pressure channel 5a in which the high-pressure side pressure of the working fluid is accumulated is formed (pressure holding means).
- pressure holding means On the other hand, in the range of the circulation path 5 from the outlet port 45 to the check valve 7 via the condenser 14, a low pressure flow path 5b on which the low pressure side pressure of the working fluid acts is formed.
- the ECU detects a pressure drop of the working fluid in the high-pressure flow path 5a. For example, when the pressure of the working fluid becomes less than a predetermined appropriate pressure (second set pressure), FIG. As shown in a), the ball 108 blocks the inlet port 33, and the high pressure side pressure of the working fluid is accumulated in the high pressure flow path 5a until the high pressure side pressure of the working fluid becomes the above appropriate pressure. 3 or higher), the ball 108 is rotated to a position where only the communication path 102 is communicated as shown in FIG.
- a predetermined appropriate pressure second set pressure
- the pressure of the working fluid that communicates with the communication path 102 is set to be equal to or higher than the pressure accumulated in the high-pressure flow path 5a, and thus the hysteresis that becomes a dead zone in the set pressure between the accumulated pressure and the communication path 102 communication is set.
- movement of the valve mechanism 106 can be prevented suitably.
- the ECU detects that an abnormally high pressure is detected when the pressure of the high pressure flow path 5a becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined set pressure (first set pressure).
- a predetermined set pressure first set pressure
- the ball 108 is rotated to a position where the bypass passage 104 is communicated to release the blockage of the inlet port 33, and the valve mechanism 106 bypasses the working fluid in the high-pressure channel 5a as shown by an arrow.
- the pressure in the high-pressure channel 5a is released to the low-pressure channel 5b via the outlet port 45.
- the predetermined set pressure is set to be larger than the set pressure of each appropriate pressure set in ⁇ High pressure holding>.
- the waste heat utilization apparatus 1 of the first embodiment is a shutoff valve for accumulating pressure in the high-pressure flow path 5a when the Rankine circuit 4 is stopped, and for adjusting pressure by preventing abnormal high pressure in the high-pressure flow path 5a.
- the fluid machine 10 is provided with a single valve mechanism 106 having the functions of three pressure regulating valves and a bypass valve for opening an abnormally high pressure in the high-pressure flow path 5a.
- the Rankine circuit 4 While preventing the Rankine circuit from abnormally high pressure, the Rankine circuit 4 accumulates pressure in the high-pressure channel 5a when the Rankine circuit 4 stops, and the Rankine circuit 4 uses the pressure of the working fluid accumulated in the high-pressure channel 4 when the Rankine circuit 4 is restarted.
- the circuit 4 can be started, and the startability of the Rankine circuit can be improved.
- the pressure is accumulated in the high-pressure flow path 5a until the high-pressure side pressure of the working fluid reaches an appropriate pressure, and the communication passage 102 is communicated when the high-pressure side pressure of the working fluid becomes the appropriate pressure. Therefore, the working fluid circulating in the Rankine circuit 4 The high pressure side pressure can be properly maintained.
- valve mechanism 106 communicates the bypass passage 104 to release the blocking of the working fluid flowing in from the inlet port 33, so that the abnormally high pressure working fluid flows into the communication passage 102, and the scroll unit 22 operates at a high speed. Since burn-in caused by driving can be prevented, device protection of the expansion unit 12, Rankine circuit 4, and eventually the waste heat utilization device 1 is thoroughly implemented, and the reliability of the waste heat utilization device 1 can be improved.
- valve mechanism 112 shows a schematic configuration of the valve mechanism 112 according to the second embodiment.
- symbol is attached
- the valve mechanism 112 supports the ball 108, presses the ball 108 against the high-pressure side pressure of the working fluid in the high-pressure flow path 5a, and releases or releases the pressure by blocking the inlet port 33. 114 is further provided.
- the spring mechanism 114 includes a spring 116 that generates a pressing force against the ball 108, and the spring 116 presses the ball 108 via a cylindrical contact portion 117 that contacts the ball 108.
- the support portion 110 is formed with a storage chamber 118 that is airtightly partitioned from the inlet port 33 and the high-pressure chamber 38, and the storage chamber 118 stores a spring 116 and a contact portion 117.
- a pressure guide hole 119 is opened in the bypass passage 104 in the storage chamber 118, and the low pressure side pressure of the working fluid acts on the storage chamber 118, that is, the storage chamber 118 communicates with the outlet port 45.
- the valve mechanism 106 draws the working fluid in the high-pressure channel 5a as shown by the arrow.
- the pressure flows through the communication path 102 and the bypass path 104, and the pressure of the high-pressure channel 5 a is released to the low-pressure channel 5 b through the outlet port 45.
- the valve mechanism 112 has the spring mechanism 114, and the accommodation chamber 118 of the spring mechanism 114 is communicated with the outlet port 45.
- the valve mechanism 112 can have both functions of a switching valve that switches between the communication path 102 and the bypass path 104 and a safety valve that operates mechanically without relying on a signal from the ECU.
- the abnormally high-pressure opening of the high-pressure channel 5a can be performed based on the inlet port 33 and the outlet port 45, that is, based on the differential pressure between the high-pressure side pressure and the low-pressure side pressure of the working fluid (relative pressure control).
- the valve mechanism 112 is mechanically operated without relying on a signal from the ECU, and not only the high pressure side pressure but also the fluctuation of the low pressure side pressure is detected quickly, and the abnormal high pressure is released. Control responsiveness can be improved, and the reliability of the waste heat utilization apparatus 1 can be further improved.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B show a fluid machine 10 according to the third embodiment.
- symbol is attached
- a valve unit 120 is mounted on the outer surface 32b of the expansion unit casing 32 of the fluid machine 10, and the valve unit 120 includes two blocks 120A and 120B.
- the circulation path 5 is connected to the block 120A, and a first flow path 122 communicating with the circulation path 5 is formed therethrough, and the block 120A is fastened to the block 120B with a screw.
- the housing hole 126 of the valve mechanism 124 of this embodiment is formed in the block 120B, the second flow path 128 is communicated with the housing hole 126, and the first flow path 122 and the second flow path 128 are connected to the block 120A.
- the flow paths 122 and 128 form the inlet port 33.
- a pressure guiding path 130 is branched from the second flow path 128, and the pressure guiding path 130 is opened to the innermost portion 133 on the opposite side to the main opening 132 where the accommodation hole 126 of the block 120B is opened. Yes.
- the communication passage 102 and the bypass passage 104 communicate with the accommodation hole 126.
- an electromagnetic valve (drive source) 134 is screwed to the main opening 132 in an airtight manner so as to cover the main opening 132 by the housing.
- the valve mechanism 124 includes a valve body 136 and a spring 138.
- the valve body 136 is a rotary valve formed in a piston shape having a hollow cylindrical portion 136a and a head portion 136b, and a flow path is provided between the cylindrical portion 136a and the head portion 136b in the radial direction of the valve body 136.
- 124 a is penetrated in an L shape, and a ring groove 136 c is formed along the outer periphery of the valve body 136 on the head portion 136 b side of the flow path 124 a of the valve body 136.
- the electromagnetic valve 134 includes a drive shaft 140 in the housing 135, a rotor 142 made of, for example, a permanent magnet fixed to the drive shaft 140, and a stator fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the housing 135 so as to surround the rotor 142.
- the stator 144 has a coil wound around a yoke, and the coil is connected to the ECU through a lead wire and is energized as appropriate.
- a boss 146 formed integrally with the drive shaft 140 protrudes from the housing 135 of the electromagnetic valve 134. The boss 146 is accommodated in the main opening 132 of the accommodation hole 126 and is rotatably supported on the inner peripheral surface of the accommodation hole 126. Has been.
- One end of the spring 138 is pressed against the bottom surface of the boss 146, and the other end is brought into contact with the bottom surface of the cylindrical portion 136 a to press and urge the valve body 136 toward the innermost portion 133 of the accommodation hole 126.
- the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 136a and the inner peripheral surface of the boss 146 are fitted to each other by a fitting portion 148 that has been subjected to, for example, serration processing along the axial direction of the drive shaft 140, whereby the boss 146
- a housing chamber 139 of the spring 138 is formed between the cylindrical portion 136a and the housing portion 139, and the housing chamber 139 partitions the housing hole 126 from the inlet port 33 side in an airtight manner.
- both the movement of the valve body 136 along the pressing direction of the spring 138 accommodated in the accommodation chamber 139 and the rotation of the valve body 136 accompanying the rotation of the drive shaft 140 and thus the boss 146 are possible.
- a low-pressure passage 141 communicating with the low-pressure chamber 44 is drilled in the storage chamber 139, and a working fluid that has a low-pressure side pressure flows in.
- the valve mechanism 124 configured as described above is configured such that the valve body 136 is rotated clockwise or counterclockwise through the drive shaft 140 in a range of 90 degrees, so that the communication path 102 or The bypass path 104 is switched for communication.
- the drive shaft 140 is driven by an electromagnetic valve 134, and the electromagnetic valve 134 is operated by an ECU.
- valve mechanism 124 When the Rankine circuit 4 is activated by the ECU, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the valve body 136 is rotated to a position where only the communication path 102 is communicated, whereby the valve mechanism 124 is moved to an arrow. As shown, the working fluid is caused to flow from the heater 8 into the high-pressure chamber 38, whereby the expansion unit 12 is operated, and the rotor 96 of the power generation unit 18 rotates with the rotation of the drive shaft 72. Generate alternating current. The alternating current is supplied to the load 20 and appropriately stored or consumed by the load 20.
- the ECU detects a pressure drop of the working fluid in the high-pressure flow path 5a. For example, when the pressure of the working fluid becomes less than a predetermined appropriate pressure (second set pressure), FIG. As shown in a) and (b), the valve body 136 closes the inlet port 33, and the high pressure side pressure of the working fluid is accumulated until the high pressure side pressure of the working fluid reaches the appropriate pressure. When the pressure exceeds the appropriate pressure (third set pressure> second set pressure), the valve body 136 is rotated to a position where only the communication path 102 is communicated, as shown in FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b). The
- the blocking of the second flow path 128, that is, the inlet port 33 is released via the ring groove 136c, and the valve mechanism 136 causes the working fluid in the high pressure flow path 5a to flow through the communication path 102 and the bypass path 104 as indicated by arrows.
- the pressure of the high-pressure channel 5a is released to the low-pressure channel 5b via the outlet port 45.
- the inlet port 33 It is also possible to cause the working fluid in the high-pressure channel 5a when the blocking is released to flow only in the bypass channel 104.
- the valve body 136 is rotated to a position where the bypass passage 104 is communicated, so that the working fluid in the high-pressure flow path 5a can flow into the low-pressure flow path 5b.
- the pressure of the whole working fluid can be equalized, and the expansion unit 12 can be smoothly and completely stopped.
- the waste heat utilization apparatus 1 according to the third embodiment mechanically opens the high-pressure flow path 5a mechanically as in the second embodiment, and the high-pressure side pressure and the low-pressure side of the working fluid. Since it can be performed by the relative pressure control based on the differential pressure with respect to the pressure, the control response of the abnormally high pressure release can be improved.
- the working fluid having the low pressure side pressure flows into the accommodation chamber 139 via the low pressure passage 141, but instead of the low pressure passage 141, the atmosphere release passage 148 opened to the atmosphere is provided in the accommodation chamber.
- the storage chamber 139 may be opened to the atmosphere.
- valve mechanism 136 allows the working fluid in the high-pressure channel 5a to flow through the communication channel 102 and the bypass channel 104 or only the bypass channel 104, and the pressure in the high-pressure channel 5a passes through the outlet port 45. To the low-pressure channel 5b.
- the abnormally high pressure opening of the high pressure channel 5a can be performed based only on the absolute pressure of the inlet port 33, that is, the high pressure side pressure (absolute pressure control). Therefore, by setting a predetermined set pressure for releasing the blocking of the inlet port 33 to be equal to or lower than the design maximum pressure allowed in the design of the high-pressure flow path 5a, the expansion unit 12, and the fluid machine 10 and the Rankine circuit 4, The device protection of the Rankine circuit 4 and, consequently, the waste heat utilization apparatus 1 is further improved, and the reliability of the waste heat utilization apparatus 1 can be further improved.
- valve element 136 is bypassed as shown in FIGS. 9 (a) and 9 (b) regardless of whether or not the abnormally high pressure is released.
- the valve element 136 is rotated to a position where the bypass passage 104 is communicated, so that the working fluid in the high-pressure passage 5a can flow into the low-pressure passage 5b. The pressure of the whole working fluid can be equalized, and the expansion unit 12 can be smoothly and completely stopped.
- the waste heat utilization apparatus 1 converts the heat of the exhaust gas into electric power, it may convert the heat (heat source) of the cooling water of the engine 2 into electric power.
- the waste heat utilization apparatus 1 can be applied to other than vehicles.
- a motor generator unit replacing the power generation unit 18 and a pump unit replacing the pump 16 are provided, and these units share the expansion unit 12 and the drive shaft 72.
- the present invention can also be applied to a fluid machine.
- the motor generator unit is operated as a motor to start the pump unit, and then the inside of the circulation path 5
- the pump unit may be operated with a part of the output, and the rotor 96 of the power generation unit 18 may be rotated with the remaining output to generate power.
- the pump unit can be started by the energy of the high-pressure working fluid, so no external power is required to start the pump unit and energy saving of the fluid machine is realized. it can.
- the present invention is not limited to the fluid machine 10 but can be applied to a simple expander that does not include the power generation unit 18, a fluid machine that transmits the output of the expander to the internal combustion engine via a power transmission device, and other fluid machines.
- valve body of the valve mechanism is driven by an electromagnetic valve
- the valve body may be driven using the pressure of the working fluid or the output of the expansion unit.
- the present invention relates to a cooling system used for indoor air conditioning, a refrigerator / freezer, a refrigerated showcase, etc., regardless of the outside air temperature or the temperature condition of refrigerant discharged from the compressor, ensuring the lubrication and sealing performance of the compressor and cooling efficiency. It is a cooling system that can effectively realize improvement.
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Abstract
Description
そこで、これら3つの弁を上記特許文献2に記載された開閉手段(バイパス弁)の如く膨張機内に配設することが考えられるが、これでは膨張機の構成が複雑になり、いずれにせよ、膨張機、ランキン回路、ひいては廃熱利用装置の小型化及びコスト低減を実現することができないとの問題がある。
更に、本発明によれば、請求項2記載の冷媒回路として、流体機械のハウジング内に収容され、熱源の廃熱により高圧にされた作動流体を駆動部で膨張させて駆動力を発生する膨張ユニットを循環路に介挿したランキン回路を備え、ランキン回路は、入口ポートに接続され、循環路を循環する作動流体の高圧側圧力が作用する高圧流路と、出口ポートに接続され、循環路を循環する作動流体の低圧側圧力が作用する低圧流路と、高圧流路の圧力を保持する圧力保持手段とを有し、弁機構は、圧力保持手段の作動時に入口ポートからの作動流体の流入を遮断し、高圧流路の圧力が所定の第1の設定圧力以上となるとき入口ポートからの作動流体の流入の遮断を解除するとともにバイパス路または連通路を連通させる廃熱利用装置が提供される(請求項3)。
好ましくは、弁機構は、連通路とバイパス路とを切り換えて連通させるとともに入口ポートの高圧側圧力が作用する弁体と、弁体を支持し、高圧側圧力に抗して弁体を押圧または押圧解除することにより入口ポートからの作動流体の流入の遮断または遮断解除を行うばね機構とからなる(請求項7)。
好ましくは、収容室は出口ポートと連通され、ばね機構は、入口ポートの高圧側圧力によって弁体に作用する力が出口ポートの低圧側圧力とばねの押圧力とによる合力よりも大きくなるとき、バイパス路を連通させて入口ポートからの作動流体の流入の遮断を解除する(請求項9)。
好ましくは、弁体はボール弁またはロータリ弁であって、所定の駆動源により回転駆動される(請求項11)。
本発明の請求項2の冷媒回路は、作動流体を循環させるための循環路に請求項1に記載の流体機械を備え、冷媒回路に作動流体の流入の遮断または遮断解除を行う弁や、連通路とバイパス路とを切り換える弁を設ける必要がないため、簡単な構成を有する。
請求項7の廃熱利用装置は、弁機構は、連通路とバイパス路とを切り換えて連通させるとともに入口ポートの高圧側圧力が作用する弁体と、弁体を支持し、高圧側圧力に抗して弁体を押圧または押圧解除することにより入口ポートからの作動流体の流入の遮断または遮断解除を行うばね機構とからなるため、簡単な構成を有する。また、入口ポートの遮断解除を機械的に行うことができるため、迅速な異常高圧開放が可能であり、廃熱利用装置の信頼性を更に向上することができる。
請求項9の廃熱利用装置では、収容室は出口ポートと連通され、ばね機構は、入口ポートの高圧側圧力によって弁体に作用する力が出口ポートの低圧側圧力とばねの押圧力とによる合力よりも大きくなるとき、バイパス路を連通させて入口ポートからの作動流体の流入の遮断を解除する。これにより、高圧流路の異常高圧開放を入口ポートと出口ポート、すなわち作動流体の高圧側圧力と低圧側圧力との差圧に基づいて行うことができるため(相対圧制御)、高圧側圧力のみならず、低圧側圧力の変動をも迅速に感知して異常高圧開放の制御性を高めることができ、廃熱利用装置の信頼性を更に向上することができる。
循環路5には、作動流体を流動させるべくポンプ6が介挿され、更に、作動流体が流動する方向でみてポンプ6の下流には、逆止弁7、加熱器8、流体機械10の膨張ユニット12、及び凝縮器14が順次介挿されている。すなわち、ポンプ6は、凝縮器14側にて作動流体を吸入し、吸入した作動流体を昇圧してから加熱器8に向けて吐出する。ポンプ6から吐出された作動流体は、低温高圧の液状態である。
凝縮器14は放熱器であり、膨張ユニット12から流出した作動流体を外気との熱交換によって凝縮させ、低温低圧の液状態にする。具体的には、凝縮器14の近傍には電動ファン(図示せず)が配置され、車両前方からの風や電動ファンからの風によって作動流体は冷却される。凝縮器14で冷却された作動流体は、再びポンプ6に吸入され、循環路5を循環する。
膨張ユニット12は、例えばスクロールユニット22を駆動部としたスクロール式の膨張機である。膨張ユニット12のカップ状のケーシング32(膨張ユニット用ケーシング)の開口は、仕切り壁34によって略覆われているが、仕切り壁34の中央には貫通孔が形成されている。
固定スクロール36の正面側には、可動スクロール40が噛み合うように配置されている。固定スクロール36と可動スクロール40との間には、作動流体を膨張させる膨張室42が区画され、可動スクロール40の周囲は、膨張した作動流体を受け入れる低圧室44として区画されている。固定スクロール36の基板の略中央には、導入孔46が貫通して形成され、この導入孔46を通じて固定及び可動スクロール36,40の径方向中央に位置する膨張室42と高圧室38とが連通する。
すなわち、可動スクロール40の基板の背面にはボスが一体に形成され、ボス内には、ニードルベアリング48を介して偏心ブッシュ50が相対回転可能に配置されている。偏心ブッシュ50にはクランクピン52が挿通され、クランクピン52は円盤形状のディスク54から偏心して突出している。ディスク54におけるクランクピン52とは反対側からは同軸にて軸部56が一体に突出し、軸部56は、ボールベアリング等のラジアルベアリング58を介して、仕切り壁34によって回転可能に支持されている。すなわち、可動スクロール40の旋回運動は、軸部56の回転運動に変換される。
発電ユニット18の円筒状のケーシング(発電ユニット用ケーシング)93は、仕切り壁34に当接され、膨張ユニット用ケーシング32、仕切り壁34、発電ユニット用ケーシング93は、相互に連結されることにより、流体機械10のための一つのハウジングを構成している。
発電ユニット用ケーシング93の内周面には、回転子96を囲むようにステータが固定され、ステータは、ヨーク98と、ヨーク98に巻回された例えば3組のコイル100とを有する。
なお、発電ユニット18は、電動機としての機能を有さないため、ヨーク98の形状やコイル100の巻数等は、発電効率が高くなるように構成される。
このように構成される流体機械10は、そのハウジング内に、入口ポート33と膨張ユニット12とを高圧室38及び導入孔46を介して連通させる連通路102と、膨張ユニット12を迂回して入口ポート33から流入される作動流体を出口ポート45に導くバイパス路104と、連通路102とバイパス路104とを切り換えて連通させる弁機構106とを備えている。
ボール108には作動流体の流路108aがL字状をなして貫通され、ボール108を弁機構106の図示しない駆動軸によって回動させることにより、弁機構106は流路108aを介して連通路102またはバイパス路104を切り換えて連通させる。当該駆動軸は、例えば、図示しない電磁弁(駆動源)によって駆動され、電磁弁は装置1を総合的に制御する図示しないECU(電子制御装置)によって作動させられる。
<通常運転>
ECUによってランキン回路4が起動されると、図2に示されるようにボール108が連通路102のみを連通させる位置に回動されることにより、弁機構106は矢印で示すように加熱器8から高圧室38へ作動流体を流入させ、これより膨張ユニット12が作動し、軸部56と駆動軸72とが一体に回転する。
<高圧保持>
ECUによってランキン回路4の作動が停止されると、図3(a)に示されるようにボール108が連通路102及びバイパス路104のどちらも連通させない位置に回動されて入口ポート33を塞ぎ、弁機構106は加熱器8から高圧室38への作動流体の流入を遮断する。このとき逆止弁7によって加熱器8からポンプ6側への作動流体の逆流は阻止されるため、循環路5には、逆止弁7から流路8aを経て膨張ユニット12に至る範囲において、作動流体の高圧側圧力が蓄圧される高圧流路5aが形成される(圧力保持手段)。一方、出口ポート45から凝縮器14を経て逆止弁7に至る循環路5の範囲には、作動流体の低圧側圧力が作用する低圧流路5bが形成される。
ランキン回路4の運転停止時または運転中の高圧保持状態において、ECUによって高圧流路5aの圧力が所定の設定圧力(第1の設定圧力)以上となって異常高圧が検出されると、図3(b)に示されるようにボール108がバイパス路104を連通させる位置に回動されて入口ポート33の閉塞が解除され、弁機構106は矢印で示すように高圧流路5aの作動流体をバイパス路104に流し、高圧流路5aの圧力が出口ポート45を介して低圧流路5bに開放される。なお、上記所定の設定圧力は<高圧保持>において設定される各適正圧力の設定圧力よりも大きく設定される。
ランキン回路4の運転停止時における高圧保持状態から、ECUによってランキン回路4が再起動されると、ボール108が図3(a)に示されるようにボール108が入口ポート33を塞ぐ位置から図2に示されるような連通路102を連通させる位置に回動され、高圧流路5aの圧力が連通路102に開放される。この開放された作動流体の圧力によって膨張ユニット12が駆動され、これにより駆動軸72が回転される。駆動軸72の回転に伴い、発電ユニット18の回転子96が回転し、発電ユニット18が交流電流を生成する。交流電流は負荷20に供給され、負荷20によって適当に備蓄又は消費される。
更に、作動流体の高圧側圧力が適正圧力になるまで高圧流路5aに蓄圧され、作動流体の高圧側圧力が適正圧力になると連通路102が連通されるため、ランキン回路4を循環する作動流体の高圧側圧力を適正に保持することができる。
弁機構112は、ボール108を支持し、高圧流路5aの作動流体の高圧側圧力に抗してボール108を押圧し、または押圧解除することにより入口ポート33の遮断または遮断解除を行うばね機構114を更に備える。
また、支持部110には入口ポート33及び高圧室38と気密に区画する収容室118が形成され、収容室118にはばね116及び当接部117が収容される。また、収容室118には導圧孔119がバイパス路104に開口され、収容室118には作動流体の低圧側圧力が作用しており、すなわち収容室118は出口ポート45と連通されている。
<異常高圧開放>
高圧流路5aの異常高圧によって、入口ポート33においてボール108に作用する作動流体の高圧側圧力による力Fhpが出口ポート45の作動流体の低圧側圧力Flpとばね116の押圧力Fsとによる合力よりも大きくなるとき、図4(b)に示されるようにボール108が内面32aから離間して入口ポート33の閉塞が解除され、弁機構106は矢印で示すように高圧流路5aの作動流体を連通路102及びバイパス路104に流し、高圧流路5aの圧力が出口ポート45を介して低圧流路5bに開放される。
また、高圧流路5aの異常高圧開放を入口ポート33と出口ポート45、すなわち作動流体の高圧側圧力と低圧側圧力との差圧に基づいて行うことができる(相対圧制御)。従って、当該第2実施形態では、弁機構112をECUからの信号によらないで機械的に作動させるとともに、高圧側圧力のみならず、低圧側圧力の変動をも迅速に感知して異常高圧開放の制御応答性を高めることができ、廃熱利用装置1の信頼性を更に向上することができる。
流体機械10の膨張ユニット用ケーシング32の外面32bには弁ユニット120が装着され、弁ユニット120は、2つのブロック120A,120Bから構成されている。
ブロック120Aには、循環路5が接続され、循環路5と連通する第1流路122が貫通して形成されており、ブロック120Aはブロック120Bにねじで締結される。
第2流路128からは導圧路130が分岐されており、導圧路130はブロック120Bの収容孔126が開口される主開口部132とは反対側の最内方部133に開口されている。更に、収容孔126には連通路102及びバイパス路104が連通されている。
詳しくは、図6(a),(b)に示されるように、弁機構124は、弁体136、ばね138から構成されている。
弁体136は、中空の円筒部136aとヘッド部136bとを有するピストン形状に形成されたロータリー弁であって、円筒部136aとヘッド部136bとの間には弁体136の径方向に流路124aがL字状をなして貫通され、弁体136の流路124aよりもヘッド部136b側には弁体136の外周に沿ってリング溝136cが形成される。
電磁弁134のハウジング135からは駆動軸140と一体成形されたボス146が突出され、ボス146は収容孔126の主開口部132に収容され、収容孔126の内周面に回動自在に支持されている。
ここで、円筒部136aの外周面とボス146の内周面とは、互いに駆動軸140の軸線方向に沿う例えばセレーション加工を施した嵌合部148によって嵌合されており、これより、ボス146と円筒部136aとの間にばね138の収容室139が形成され、収容室139は収容孔126を入口ポート33側と気密に区画する。また、収容室139に収容されるばね138の押圧方向に沿う弁体136の移動と、駆動軸140ひいてはボス146の回転に伴う弁体136の回動との両方が可能となる。
このように構成される弁機構124は、弁体136が駆動軸140を介して時計回りあるいは反時計回りに90度の範囲に回動されることにより、流路124aを介して連通路102またはバイパス路104を切り換えて連通させる。駆動軸140は電磁弁134によって駆動され、電磁弁134はECUによって作動させられる。
<通常運転>
ECUによってランキン回路4が起動されると、図6(a),(b)に示されるように弁体136が連通路102のみを連通させる位置に回動されることにより、弁機構124は矢印で示すように加熱器8から高圧室38へ作動流体を流入させ、これより膨張ユニット12が作動し、駆動軸72の回転に伴い、発電ユニット18の回転子96が回転し、発電ユニット18が交流電流を生成する。交流電流は負荷20に供給され、負荷20によって適当に備蓄又は消費される。
ECUによってランキン回路4の作動が停止されると、図7(a),(b)に示されるように弁体136が連通路102及びバイパス路104のどちらも連通させない位置に回動されて第2流路128、すなわち入口ポート33を塞ぎ、弁機構124は加熱器8から高圧室38への作動流体の流入を遮断する。このとき逆止弁7によって加熱器8からポンプ6側への作動流体の逆流は阻止されて高圧流路5aが形成される一方、低圧流路5bが形成される。
高圧流路5aの異常高圧によって、導圧路130から導圧され、弁体136のヘッド部136aに作用する作動流体の高圧側圧力による力Fhpが出口ポート45の作動流体の低圧側圧力Flpとばね116の押圧力Fsとによる合力よりも大きくなるとき、図8(a),(b)に示されるように弁体136が収容孔126の最内方部133から離間してばね138側に移動されることにより、リング溝136cが第2流路128と連通する位置に位置づけられる。これより、リング溝136cを介して第2流路128すなわち入口ポート33の遮断が解除され、弁機構136は矢印で示すように高圧流路5aの作動流体を連通路102及びバイパス路104に流し、高圧流路5aの圧力が出口ポート45を介して低圧流路5bに開放される。なお、リング溝136cのように、弁体136の外周に沿って全周に亘り溝を形成するではなく、弁体136の外周に沿って所定の範囲にのみ溝を形成すれば、入口ポート33の遮断が解除されたときの高圧流路5aの作動流体をバイパス路104のみに流れるようにすることも可能である。
ECUによってランキン回路4が再起動されると、弁体136が図7(a) ,(b)に示されるように入口ポート33を塞ぐ位置から図6(a),(b)に示されるような連通路102を連通させる位置に回動され、高圧流路5aの圧力が連通路102に開放される。この開放された作動流体の圧力によって膨張ユニット12が駆動され、これにより駆動軸72が回転される。駆動軸72の回転に伴い、発電ユニット18の回転子96が回転し、発電ユニット18が交流電流を生成する。交流電流は負荷20に供給され、負荷20によって適当に備蓄又は消費される。
ランキン回路4の初期起動時にECUによってポンプ6のみを起動させる際に、弁体136が図9(a),(b)に示されるようなバイパス路104を連通させる位置に回動され、循環路5における作動流体の通液抵抗が低減され、作動流体の循環量の制御が円滑に行われる。
上述したように、第3実施形態の廃熱利用装置1は、第2実施形態の場合と同様に、高圧流路5aの異常高圧開放を機械的に、且つ作動流体の高圧側圧力と低圧側圧力との差圧に基づく相対圧制御によって行うことができるため、異常高圧開放の制御応答性を高めることができる。
以下、この大気開放路148を設けた場合の弁機構124の作動について、高圧流路5aの異常高圧開放の場合のみを流体機械10及びランキン回路4の動作とともに説明する。
高圧流路5aの異常高圧によって、導圧路130から導圧され、弁体136のヘッド部136aに作用する作動流体の高圧側圧力による力Fhpが大気圧による力Faとばね116の押圧力Fsとによる合力よりも大きくなるとき、図8(a),(b)に示されるように弁体136が収容孔126の最内方部133から離間することによりリング溝136cを介して入口ポート33の閉塞が解除され、弁機構136は矢印で示すように高圧流路5aの作動流体を連通路102及びバイパス路104、あるいはバイパス路104のみに流し、高圧流路5aの圧力が出口ポート45を介して低圧流路5bに開放される。
更に、ランキン回路4の完全停止時に弁体136がバイパス路104を連通させる位置に回動されることで、高圧流路5aの作動流体を低圧流路5bに流すことができるため、循環路5全体の作動流体の圧力を均圧にすることができ、膨張ユニット12の円滑且つ完全な停止が可能となる。
例えば、廃熱利用装置1は、排気ガスの熱を電力に変換するものであったが、エンジン2の冷却水の熱(熱源)を電力に変換するものであってもよい。更に廃熱利用装置1は、車両以外にも適用可能である。
また、膨張ユニット12と発電ユニット18とからなる流体機械10に限らず、発電ユニット18に代わるモータジェネレータユニット、及びポンプ16に代わるポンプユニットを備え、これらユニットを膨張ユニット12と駆動軸72を共有させた流体機械にも適用可能である。
更に、流体機械10に限らず、発電ユニット18を有しない単なる膨張機、動力伝達装置を介して内燃機関に膨張機出力を伝達する流体機械、その他の構成の流体機械にも適用可能である。
4 ランキン回路(冷媒回路)
5 循環路
5a 高圧流路
5b 低圧流路
10 流体機械
12 膨張ユニット
22 スクロールユニット(駆動部)
33 入口ポート
45 出口ポート
102 連通路
104 バイパス路
106,112,124 弁機構
108 ボール(弁体)
114 ばね機構
116,138 ばね
118,139 収容室
134 電磁弁(駆動源)
136 弁体
Claims (11)
- 入口ポートから流入される作動流体により駆動され、作動流体を出口ポートに吐出する駆動部と、
前記入口ポートから流入される作動流体を前記駆動部に流入させる連通路と、
前記入口ポートから流入される作動流体を前記駆動部を迂回して前記出口ポートに導くバイパス路と、
前記入口ポートからの作動流体の流入の遮断または遮断解除を行うとともに、前記連通路と前記バイパス路とを切り換えて連通させる弁機構と
をハウジング内に備えることを特徴とする流体機械。 - 作動流体を循環させるための循環路に請求項1に記載の流体機械を備えることを特徴とする冷媒回路。
- 請求項2記載の冷媒回路として、前記流体機械の前記ハウジング内に収容され、熱源の廃熱により高圧にされた作動流体を前記駆動部で膨張させて駆動力を発生する膨張ユニットを前記循環路に介挿したランキン回路を備え、
前記ランキン回路は、前記入口ポートに接続され、前記循環路を循環する作動流体の高圧側圧力が作用する高圧流路と、前記出口ポートに接続され、前記循環路を循環する作動流体の低圧側圧力が作用する低圧流路と、前記高圧流路の圧力を保持する圧力保持手段とを有し、
前記弁機構は、前記圧力保持手段の作動時に前記入口ポートからの作動流体の流入を遮断し、前記高圧流路の圧力が所定の第1の設定圧力以上となるとき前記入口ポートからの作動流体の流入の遮断を解除するとともに前記バイパス路または前記連通路を連通させることを特徴とする廃熱利用装置。 - 前記弁機構は、前記ランキン回路の運転時には前記連通路を連通させ、前記ランキン回路の停止時に前記圧力保持手段を作動させて前記入口ポートからの作動流体の流入を遮断し、前記高圧流路の圧力が前記所定の第1の設定圧力以上となるとき前記入口ポートからの作動流体の流入の遮断を解除するとともに前記バイパス路または前記連通路を連通させ、前記ランキン回路の停止後の再起動時に前記連通路を連通させることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の廃熱利用装置。
- 前記弁機構は、前記ランキン回路の運転時には前記連通路を連通させ、前記高圧流路の圧力が所定の第2の設定圧力未満となるとき前記ランキン回路の運転中に前記圧力保持手段を作動させて前記入口ポートからの作動流体の流入を遮断し、前記高圧流路の圧力が所定の第3の設定圧力以上となるとき前記入口ポートからの作動流体の流入の遮断を解除するとともに前記連通路を連通させることを特徴とする請求項3または4に記載の廃熱利用装置。
- 前記弁機構は、前記高圧流路の圧力が前記所定の第1の設定圧力以上となるとき前記バイパス路のみを連通させて前記入口ポートからの作動流体の流入の遮断を解除することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の廃熱利用装置。
- 前記弁機構は、前記連通路と前記バイパス路とを切り換えて連通させるとともに前記入口ポートの前記高圧側圧力が作用する弁体と、前記弁体を支持し、前記高圧側圧力に抗して前記弁体を押圧または押圧解除することにより前記入口ポートからの作動流体の流入の遮断または遮断解除を行うばね機構とからなることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の廃熱利用装置。
- 前記ばね機構は、前記弁体を押圧するばねと、前記ばねが収容されるとともに前記入口ポートと気密に区画される収容室とからなることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の廃熱利用装置。
- 前記収容室は前記出口ポートと連通され、
前記ばね機構は、前記入口ポートの前記高圧側圧力によって前記弁体に作用する力が前記出口ポートの前記低圧側圧力と前記ばねの押圧力とによる合力よりも大きくなるとき、前記バイパス路を連通させて前記入口ポートからの作動流体の流入の遮断を解除することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の廃熱利用装置。 - 前記収容室は大気開放され、
前記ばね機構は、前記入口ポートの前記高圧側圧力によって前記弁体に作用する力が大気圧と前記ばねの押圧力とによる合力よりも大きくなるとき、前記バイパス路を連通させて前記入口ポートからの作動流体の流入の遮断を解除することを特徴とする請求項8に記載の廃熱利用装置。 - 弁体はボール弁またはロータリ弁であって、所定の駆動源により回転駆動されることを特徴とする請求項7に記載の廃熱利用装置。
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| EP10761373.9A EP2415964A4 (en) | 2009-03-30 | 2010-03-29 | FLUID MACHINE, AND REFRIGERANT CIRCUIT, AND LOST HEAT USE DEVICE USING THE FLUID MACHINE |
| CN201080015696.5A CN102365422B (zh) | 2009-03-30 | 2010-03-29 | 流体机械、使用该流体机械的制冷剂回路及废热利用装置 |
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| CN102678208A (zh) * | 2011-03-15 | 2012-09-19 | 株式会社丰田自动织机 | 兰金循环装置 |
| JP2013181506A (ja) * | 2012-03-02 | 2013-09-12 | Yanmar Co Ltd | スクロール形流体機械 |
| CN105980661A (zh) * | 2014-02-12 | 2016-09-28 | 三电控股株式会社 | 涡旋膨胀机 |
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| JP5969227B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-14 | 2016-08-17 | サンデンホールディングス株式会社 | 流体機械 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2415964A4 (en) | 2015-12-02 |
| JP5106464B2 (ja) | 2012-12-26 |
| CN102365422B (zh) | 2014-06-04 |
| US20120031141A1 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
| CN102365422A (zh) | 2012-02-29 |
| EP2415964A1 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
| JP2010236360A (ja) | 2010-10-21 |
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