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WO2010110549A2 - Ensemble de plaques polarisantes couplées, et afficheur à cristaux liquides à mode de commutation coplanaire comportant cet ensemble - Google Patents

Ensemble de plaques polarisantes couplées, et afficheur à cristaux liquides à mode de commutation coplanaire comportant cet ensemble Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010110549A2
WO2010110549A2 PCT/KR2010/001663 KR2010001663W WO2010110549A2 WO 2010110549 A2 WO2010110549 A2 WO 2010110549A2 KR 2010001663 W KR2010001663 W KR 2010001663W WO 2010110549 A2 WO2010110549 A2 WO 2010110549A2
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Prior art keywords
polarizing plate
liquid crystal
compensation film
crystal display
polarizer
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WO2010110549A3 (fr
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Bong Choon Kim
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Dongwoo Fine Chem Co Ltd
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Dongwoo Fine Chem Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2012501924A priority Critical patent/JP5719343B2/ja
Priority to CN201080009021XA priority patent/CN102326118A/zh
Publication of WO2010110549A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010110549A2/fr
Publication of WO2010110549A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010110549A3/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
    • G02F1/134363—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement for applying an electric field parallel to the substrate, i.e. in-plane switching [IPS]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a coupled polarizing plate set capable of minimizing color distortion and ensuring a wide viewing angle when being applied to in-plane switching mode liquid crystal displays, and an in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display including the same.
  • LCDs Liquid crystal displays
  • common image displays are widely used.
  • the narrow viewing angle is pointed out as a defect, despite various excellent characteristics.
  • the mode of liquid crystal displays is divided by the initial arrangement of the liquid crystal, the structure of the electrodes, and the property of the liquid crystal, and the current commonly-used modes of liquid crystal displays are twisted nematic (TN), vertical arrangement (VA), and in-plane switching (IPS) modes. Further, it falls into normal black and normal white modes in accordance with whether to transmit light without receiving voltage, a VA mode is classified into PVA (Patterned VA), SPVA (Super PVA), and MVA (Multidomain VA) modes, and the IPS mode is classified into S-IPS (Super IPS) or FFS (Fringe Field Switching) modes in accordance with the domain and the initial arrangement of the liquid crystal.
  • TN twisted nematic
  • VA vertical arrangement
  • IPS in-plane switching
  • the in-plane switching mode has an arrangement which is uniform and substantially parallel to the surface of a substrate when the liquid crystal molecules are not activated. Therefore, since when the transmission axis of the lower polarizing plate and the fast axis of the liquid crystal molecules are in the same direction in the front surface, the transmission axis and the fast axis of the liquid crystal are in the same direction even in the inclined surface due to the optical properties of the liquid crystal, light does not change in polarization state even if it travels through the liquid crystals after passing through the lower polarizing plate, such that it can penetrate the liquid crystal layer without changes. As a result, it is possible to display a predetermined black state in an inactivation state by arrangement of the polarizing plates on the upper surface and the lower surface of the substrate.
  • Such an in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display can generally implement a wide viewing angle without using an optical film, such that it has an advantage of providing a uniform image and viewing angle over the whole screen while naturally ensuring transmittance. Therefore, the in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display is mainly used for high-end displays over 18 inches.
  • the liquid crystal displays have been manufactured by disposing an isotropic protection layer, instead of a TAC film, between a liquid crystal cell and the PVA of one polarizing plate of the liquid crystal cell, and stacking two or more compensation layers with different optical properties, or disposing one Z-axis alignment (aligned in the thickness direction) film between the liquid crystal cell and the polarizer of the other polarizing plate, in order to ensure a wide viewing angle.
  • a detailed configuration of in-plane switching mode liquid crystal displays proposed to compensate a viewing angle in the related art is as follows.
  • the liquid crystals when seen from the front, the liquid crystals are vertically (90°) aligned when voltage is not applied, the angle of the absorption axis of the polarizer included in the backlight-sided lower polarizing plate is 90°, and an isotropic protection film is positioned between the polarizing plate and the liquid crystal cell.
  • the angle of the absorption axis of the polarizer included in the display-sided polarizing plate is 0 °and, at the liquid crystal cell side, an optical film described below is configured between the polarizer and the liquid crystal cell.
  • liquid crystal display including a negative C-plate and a positive biaxial plate
  • a liquid crystal display including a positive A-plate and a positive biaxial plate Korean Patent application No. 2008-118532
  • a liquid crystal display including a negative biaxial plate and a positive biaxial plate Korean Patent Application No.
  • a liquid crystal display including a positive A-plate and a positive C-plate a liquid crystal display including a negative biaxial plate and a positive C-plate; a liquid crystal display including a positive C-plate and a negative biaxial plate; a liquid crystal display including a negative A-plate and a negative biaxial plate
  • a liquid crystal display including a positive biaxial plate and a negative biaxial plate Korean Patent Application No. 2008-43414
  • a liquid crystal display including a negative A-plate and a negative C-plate Korean Patent Application No. 2008-2190
  • a liquid crystal display including a positive biaxial plate and a negative C- plate Korean Patent Application No. 2008-26831
  • a liquid crystal display including a Z-axis alignment film and a positive C-plate and a liquid crystal display including one sheet of Z-axis alignment film.
  • Liquid crystal displays proposed in the related art use a three compensation film-typed coupled polarizing plate (one lower isotropic film + two upper compensation layers) formed by sacking two layers having different optical properties on one side of the liquid crystal layer, or a Z-axis alignment film that is difficult to have a large area due to low economic efficiency and a necessary contraction process, using a contraction film in the manufacturing process.
  • a three compensation film-typed coupled polarizing plate one lower isotropic film + two upper compensation layers
  • sacking two layers having different optical properties on one side of the liquid crystal layer or a Z-axis alignment film that is difficult to have a large area due to low economic efficiency and a necessary contraction process, using a contraction film in the manufacturing process.
  • the present invention provides a coupled polarizing plate set including compensation films designed to have specific optical properties to minimize color distortion in accordance with any viewing direction and ensure a wide viewing angle in an in-plane switching mode, and an economical thin in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display including the coupled polarizing plate set and providing high-quality images by minimizing color distortion, because a degree of distribution of polarization state on a Poincare Sphere is small, and simultaneously ensuring a wide viewing angle.
  • the present invention provides a coupled polarizing plate set, including: an upper polarizing plate having a protection film, a polarizer and a first compensation film in this sequence from the top; and a lower polarizing plate having a second compensation film, a polarizer and a protection film in this sequence from the top, wherein the first compensation film has an in-plane retardation (RO) of 50 to 200nm and a refractive index ratio (NZ) of -1 to -0.01, with its slow axis parallel to the absorption axis of the polarizer in the upper polarizing plate, the second compensation film has an in-plane retardation (RO) of 50 to 250nm and a refractive index ratio (NZ) of -2 to -0.5, with its slow axis perpendicular to the absorption axis of the polarizer in the lower polarizing plate, and the sum of the in-plane retardations of the first compensation film and the second compensation film is 200 to 350nm.
  • RO in-plane retard
  • a coupled polarizing plate set of the present invention when it is used for an in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display, it is possible to minimize color distortion in accordance with any viewing direction because degree of distribution of polarization states on a Poincare Sphere is small and ensure a wide viewing angle comparable to the level achieved by using three sheets of compensation film in the related art. Further, it is possible to ensure a wide viewing angle with only one sheet of compensation film for the upper polarizing plate and lower polarizing plate, such that it is possible to implement mass production of thin liquid crystal displays with high yield (reducing defect ratio due to foreign substances or impurities).
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating the structure of an in-plane switching liquid crystal display (IPS-LCD) according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating refractive index of a compensation film according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an machine direction in a manufacturing process for illustrating an unrolled direction of a compensation film and a polarizing plate;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view illustrating expression of ⁇ and ⁇ in a coordinate system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a view showing the simulation result of transmittance from all viewing directions of a Example 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a view showing a polarization state for light at wavelength increments of IOnm within the visible light region ranging from 380nm to 780nm of the Example 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 10 is a view showing the simulation result of transmittance from all viewing directions of the Example 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a view showing a polarization state of light at wavelength increments of
  • FIG. 13 is a view showing the simulation result of transmittance from all viewing directions of the Example 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 is a view showing a polarization state of light at wavelength increments of
  • FIG. 16 is a view showing the simulation result of transmittance from all viewing directions of the Comparative Example 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 is a view showing color coordinates at all viewing directions in black mode of the Comparative Example 1 according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 20 is a view showing the simulation result of transmittance from all viewing directions of the Comparative Example 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 21 is a view showing color coordinates at all viewing directions in black mode of the Comparative Example 2 according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 22 is a view showing the simulation result of transmittance from all viewing di- rections of the Comparative Example 3 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 23 is a view showing the simulation result of transmittance from all viewing directions of the Comparative Example 4 of the present invention. Best Mode for Carrying out the Invention
  • the present invention relates to a coupled polarizing plate set including compensation films designed to have specific optical properties to ensure a wide viewing angle and as well as clarity of an image when it is used in an in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display, and an in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display including the coupled polarizing plate.
  • the first compensation film has optical properties of an in-plane retardation (RO) of
  • the second compensation film has optical properties of an in-plane retardation (RO) of 50 to 250nm and a refractive index ratio of -2 to -0.5, and the sum of the in-plane retardations of the first compensation film and the second compensation film is 200 to 350nm.
  • the first compensation film has a slow axis parallel to the absorption axis of the polarizer in the upper polarizing plate and the second compensation film has a slow axis perpendicular to the absorption axis of the polarizer in the lower polarizing plate.
  • optical properties of the compensation films of the present invention are defined by the following Formulae 1 to 3 with respect to all wavelengths within the visible light region.
  • Nx is the refractive index of an axis having the largest refractive index in the in-plane direction
  • Ny is the refractive index in the perpendicular direction to Nx in the in-plane direction
  • Nz is a refractive index in the thickness direction
  • Nx and Ny are in-plane refractive indices and Nx ⁇ Ny
  • Nz is a refractive index of light that oscillate in the thickness direction of a film
  • d is thickness of the film
  • Nx and Ny are in-plane refractive indices of compensation films and d is thickness of a film, and Nx ⁇ Ny; and [51] [Formula 3]
  • Nx and Ny are in-plane refractive indices and Nx ⁇ Ny
  • Nz is a refractive index of light that oscillate in the thickness direction of a film
  • d is thickness of the film.
  • Rth is a thickness direction retardation, which shows a phase difference to the in-plane average refractive index in the thickness direction and is not a substantial phase difference, but a reference value
  • RO is an in-plane retardation, which is a substantial phase difference when light has penetrated a film in the normal direction (perpendicular direction).
  • NZ is a refractive index ratio, from which the types of plates of compensation films can be distinguished.
  • the type of the plate of compensation films is referred to as an A-plate have an optical axis ( a light propagates direction without a phase difference exists) in the in-plane direction of the film, a C-plate have optical axis in the perpendicular direction to the plane, and a biaxial plate when two optical axes exist.
  • the A-plate and the C-plate are discriminated by setting an approximate range of a refractive index ratio for the A-plate and a predetermined value within the range of the in-plane retardation for the C-plate. Setting a predetermined value is limited in application to all other materials having different refractive indices dependant upon extension. Therefore, the compensation films included in the upper and lower polarizing plate of the present invention are represented by, NZ, RO, and Rth etc. with numerals, which are optical properties of plates, not according to refractive index isotropy.
  • These compensation films are provided with a phase difference by extension, in which a film having a refractive index increasing in the extension direction has positive (+) refractive index properties and a film having a refractive index decreasing in the extension direction has negative (-) refractive index properties.
  • the compensation film having positive (+) refractive index properties can be made of one selected from the group consisting of TAC (TriAcetyl Cellulose), COP (Cyclo-Olefin Polymer), COC (Cyclo-Olefin Copolymer), PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), PP (Polypropylene), PC (Polycarbonate), PSF (Polysulfone), and PMMA (Poly Methyl- methacrylate), and a compensation film having the negative (-) refractive index can be made of, in detail, modified-PS (polystyrene) or modified-PC (Polycarbonate).
  • TAC TriAcetyl Cellulose
  • COP Cyclo-Olefin Polymer
  • COC Cyclo-Olefin Copolymer
  • PET Polyethylene Terephthalate
  • PP Polypropylene
  • PC Polycarbonate
  • PSF Polysulfone
  • PMMA Poly Methyl- methacrylate
  • the extension method providing a compensation film with optical properties is divided into a fixed-end extension and free-end extension, in which the fixed-end extension is to fix the length other than the extension direction during extension of a film and the free-end extension is to provide a degree of freedom in another direction than the extension direction during extension of a film.
  • the fixed-end extension is to fix the length other than the extension direction during extension of a film
  • the free-end extension is to provide a degree of freedom in another direction than the extension direction during extension of a film.
  • a film contracts in another direction than the extension direction in extension, but a Z-axis alignment film requires a specific contraction process rather than extension.
  • FIG. 3 shows a direction of a rolled raw film, in which the unrolled direction of the rolled film is referred to as an MD (Machine direction) and the direction perpendicular to the MD is referred to as a TD (Transverse direction). Further, in the process, extension of the film in the MD is referred to as free-end extension and extension in the TD is referred to as fixed-end extension.
  • MD Machine direction
  • TD Transverse direction
  • the positive A-plate can be manufactured by free-end extending a film having positive (+) refractive index properties, the negative biaxial A- plate by fixed-end extending a film having positive (+) refractive properties, the Z-axis alignment film by free-end extending and then fixed-end contracting a film having positive (+) refractive properties or negative (-) refractive properties, the negative A- plate by free-end extending a film having negative (-) refractive properties, and the positive biaxial A-plate by fixed-end extending a film having negative (-) refractive properties.
  • a coupled polarizing plate set of the present invention includes an upper polarizing plate having a protection film, a polarizer and a first compensation film in this sequence from the top; and a lower polarizing plate having a second compensation film, a polarizer and a protection film in this sequence from the top.
  • the first compensation film has an in-plane retardation (RO) of 50 to 200nm and a refractive index ratio (NZ) of -1 to -0.01
  • the second compensation film has an in-plane retardation (RO) of 50 to 250nm and a refractive index ratio (NZ) of -2 to -0.5.
  • the first and second compensation films according to the present invention should have optical properties in which the polarization state on a Poincare Sphere should change within the region inside the red circle, as shown in FIG. 5, in order to minimize color distortion according to all viewing directions, ensuring a wide viewing angle of an in-plane switching liquid crystal display including the first and second compensation films.
  • the first and second compensation films control the polarization state by adjusting optical properties of a compensation film with respect to another compensation film to maintain the region inside the red circle.
  • the present invention selects and uses the first compensation film such that all polarization states are maintained within the region inside the red circle, with respect to the second compensation film.
  • a first compensation film is selected to use in the present invention, of which a polarization state that can satisfy the compensation conditions of the present invention and comes close to the black point F, when passing through the polarization states [red-colored 1, 2, 3, and 4] and the liquid crystal [blue-colored 1, 2, 3, and 4] which are determined by the optical properties of the second compensation film in the maximum change region of the polarization state (red-colored) on a Poincare Sphere.
  • the first compensation film Although anyone having optical properties capable of come closing the black point F can be used as the first compensation film, it is preferable to maintain the refractive index ratio (NZ) within -1 to -0.01 to easily perform simulation on a Poincare Sphere, and the in-plane retardation (RO) capable of coming close to the point F within the refractive index ratio is 50 to 200nm.
  • NZ refractive index ratio
  • RO in-plane retardation
  • the first compensation film Although anyone satisfying the optical properties described above can be used for the first compensation film and the second compensation film, it is preferable to manufacture the first compensation film by applying one or more fixed-end extension to a film having a negative (-) refractive index, and applying more extension in the TD than the MD such that the slow axis is in the MD. This is for applying it to the roll-to-roll process, in which the absorption axis of the upper polarizing plate is in the MD; therefore, the slow axis of the first compensation film should be maintained in the MD.
  • the second compensation film is manufactured by applying one or more fixed- end extension to a film having a negative (-) refractive index, and applying more extension in the MD than the TD such that the slow axis is in the TD. This is for easily applying it to the roll-to-roll process, in which the absorption axis of the polarizer of the lower polarizing plate is in the MD; such that the slow axis of the second compensation film is maintained in the TD.
  • the first compensation film is arranged with its slow axis parallel to the absorption axis of the polarizer in the upper polarizing plate and the second compensation film is arranged with the slow axis perpendicular to the absorption axis of the polarizer in the lower polarizing plate.
  • phase difference radians
  • Most optical systems including a liquid crystal and a compensation film are different in phase difference (radians) according to the wavelengths of a light source, such that a polarization state after passing through the optical systems changes in accordance with the wavelengths.
  • Most optical systems are large in phase difference (radians) at a short wavelength and small in phase difference (radians) at a long wavelength, such that changes in polarization state at the short wavelength are larger than those at a long wavelength, and accordingly, distribution occurs.
  • the distribution causes color distortion in accordance with viewing directions, such that it influences the image quality of a liquid crystal display.
  • the present invention is designed to minimize color distortion by controlling distribution, and the distribution is controlled by changing a polarization state on a Poincare Sphere.
  • the alignment direction of the liquid crystal and the direction of the slow axis of a compensation film show the change direction of polarization state on the Poincare Sphere.
  • the polarization states of them cause the same polarization and distribution of light increases, or when they are perpendicular, the polarization states of them cause polarization in the opposite directions, such that distribution of light is prevented.
  • the increase of distribution implies increase of changes in color in accordance with viewing directions, in which it is advantageous that the distribution is as small as possible because distortion of color is generated.
  • the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is perpendicular to the slow axis of the compensation film, such that their polarization states cause polarization in the opposite direction, and accordingly the distribution is smaller than when the axes are horizontal.
  • the liquid crystal cell used in the present invention has a phase difference ( ⁇ nxd) in a range of 300 to 330nm at a wavelength of 589nm, such that distribution is minimized by maintaining the sum of the in-plane retardations of the first compensation film and the second compensation film within the above range of 300 to 330nm.
  • the prevent invention since the prevent invention has an object of minimizing distribution simultaneously with ensuring a wide viewing angle, the sum of the in-plane retardations of the first compensation film and the second compensation film should be 200 to 350nm to simultaneously satisfy the objects.
  • a compensation film has a phase difference that is different in accordance with the wavelength of incident light.
  • the phase difference is large at a short wavelength and small at a long wavelength, and a compensation film having theses properties is referred to as a compensation film having a normal wavelength distribution.
  • a film having a small phase difference at a short wavelength and a large phase difference at a long wavelength is referred to as a compensation film having an inverse wavelength distribution.
  • the distribution of the compensation films are represented by a ratio of a phase difference for a light source of 780nm generally used in this field to a phase difference for a light source of 380nm.
  • [R0(380nm)/R0(780nm)] 0.4872.
  • the present invention can use all compensation films irrespective of the distribution, it is preferable to use a compensation film of [R0(380nm)/R0(780nm)>l to decrease wavelength dependence of the polarization state right before light penetrates the polarizer of the upper polarizing plate.
  • a compensation film of [R0(380nm)/R0(780nm)>l to decrease wavelength dependence of the polarization state right before light penetrates the polarizer of the upper polarizing plate.
  • the fact that the wavelength dependence of the polarization state right before light penetrates the polarizer of the upper polarizing plate is small implies that changes in color by viewing directions are small in black mode. Any material satisfying such optical properties can be used in the present invention.
  • a PVA (Polyvinyl Alcohol) layer that is a polarizer provided with a polarizing function by extension and dyeing is disposed on the polarizers of the upper and lower polarizing plates and a protection film is disposed at the opposite side to the liquid crystal cell on the PVA layer of the lower polarizing plate and the PVA layer of the upper polarizing plate, respectively.
  • the upper and lower polarizing plates can be manufactured by a method generally used in this field, and in detail, a roll-to-roll process and a sheet-to-sheet process can be used. It is preferable to use the roll-to-roll process in consideration of the yield and efficiency in the manufacturing process, and in particular, it is effective because the direction of the absorption axis of the PVA polarizer is always fixed in the MD.
  • the optical properties according to a difference in refractive index do not influence the visual angle, such that the refractive index is not particularly limited in the present invention.
  • Materials generally used in this field can be used for the protection films of the upper and lower polarizing plates, in detail, one selected from the group consisting of TAC (TriAcetyl Cellulose), COP (Cyclo-Olefin Polymer), COC (Cyclo-Olefin Copolymer), PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), PP (Polypropylene), PC (Polycarbonate), PSF (Poly sulf one), and PMMA (Poly Methylmethacrylate) can be used.
  • TAC TriAcetyl Cellulose
  • COP Cyclo-Olefin Polymer
  • COC Cyclo-Olefin Copolymer
  • PET Polyethylene Terephthalate
  • PP Polypropylene
  • PC Polycarbonate
  • PSF Poly sulf one
  • PMMA Poly Methylmethacrylate
  • the present invention relates to an in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display including the coupled polarizing plate set.
  • the absorption axis of the upper polarizing plate is perpendicular to the absorption axis of the polarizer in the lower polarizing plate.
  • a liquid crystal cell is an in-plane switching liquid crystal when the liquid crystal alignment is 90 without receiving voltage, in which the panel phase difference( ⁇ nxd) determined by the following Formula 4 is 300nm to 330nm at a wavelength of 589nm, and in the configuration of the present invention, it is preferably about 310 to 320nm.
  • the liquid crystal cell phase difference of the IPS-LCD (In-Plane Switching mode Liquid Crystal Display) panel should be half the wavelength of 589nm (monochromatic light that a person feels the most bright) in order that linearly- polarized light in the horizontal direction after penetrating the lower polarizing plate becomes a white state by being linearly-polarized in the vertical direction after penetrating the liquid crystal cell, when voltage is applied to the IPS-LCD panel. In this case, it can be adjusted to be slightly longer or shorter than the half wavelength to be a white color.
  • ne is an extraordinary ray refractive index of liquid crystal
  • no is an ordinary ray refractive index
  • d is a cell gap
  • ⁇ n and d are scalars, not vectors.
  • a liquid crystal display of the present invention has the optical conditions that the maximum transmittance from all light directions in black mode is 0.2% or less, preferably 0.05% or less.
  • the inclined surface compensation principle can be understood by changing the polarization state on a Poincare Sphere when light passes through each optical layer.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating the basic structure of an in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display according to the present invention, which is described hereinafter.
  • An in-plane switching mode liquid crystal display includes a lower polarizing plate 10, an in-plane switching liquid crystal cell 30, and an upper polarizing plate 20, from a backlight unit 40.
  • the lower polarizing plate 10 has a second compensation film 14, a polarizer 11, and a protection film 13, in this sequence from the top and the upper polarizing plate 20 has a protection film 23, an polarizer 21, and a first compensation film 24 in this sequence from the top.
  • the absorption axes 12 and 22 of the polarizer 21 of the upper polarizing plate and the polarizer 11 of the lower polarizing plate are perpendicular to each other, and the absorption axis 12 of the polarizer 11 of the lower polarizing plate should be vertically positioned when seen from the front.
  • a slow axis 25 of the first compensation film 24 and the absorption axis 22 of the polarizer 21 are disposed in parallel to each other in the upper polarizing plate, and a slow axis 15 of the second compensation film 14 and the absorption axis 12 of the polarizer 11 are disposed perpendicular to each other in the lower polarizing plate.
  • the effect of viewing angle compensation of the present invention can be explained through a Poincare Sphere.
  • the Poincare Sphere is useful to show changes in polarization state at a specific visual angle, such that it can show changes in polarization state when light traveling along a specific visual angle in a liquid crystal display, which displays an image using polarization, passes through each optical element inside the liquid crystal display.
  • LCD ID (Sanayi System Co., Ltd, Korea), which is an LCD simulation system in the following Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4.
  • a lower polarizing plate 10 From the backlight unit 40, a lower polarizing plate 10, an in-plane switching mode liquid crystal cell 30 having a liquid crystal alignment of 90°, when seen from the display-sided front without receiving voltage, and an upper polarizing plate 20 are disposed, in which the lower polarizing plate 10 is formed by stacking a protection film 13, a polarizer 11, and a second compensation film 14 from the backlight unit 40, and the upper polarizing plate 20 is formed by stacking a first compensation film 24, a polarizer 21, and a protection film 23 from the in-plane switching mode liquid crystal cell 30.
  • the liquid crystal cell is one applied to LC420WU5 being a 42 inch panel produced by LG Display Co., Ltd.
  • each optical film and the backlight unit used in this example have the following optical properties.
  • the polarizers 11 and 21 of the lower polarizing plate 10 and the upper polarizing plate 20 are provided with polarizing function by dyeing an extended PVA with iodine and the polarizing performance of the polarizers having a 99.9% or more luminance degree of polarization and 41% or more luminance group transmittance within a visible light region of 370 to 780nm.
  • the luminance degree of polarization and the luminance group transmittance are defined by the following Formulae 5 to 9, when transmittance of the transmittance axis according to a wavelength is TD ( ⁇ ), transmittance of the absorption axis according to a wavelength is MD( ⁇ ), and luminance compensation value defined in JIS Z 8701:1999 is
  • the first compensation film 24 having an in-plane retardation (RO) of 150nm and a refractive index ratio (NZ) of -0.1
  • the second compensation film 14 having an in-plane retardation (RO) of 70nm and a refractive index ratio of -1.2.
  • the absorption axis 22 of the polarizer 21 and the slow axis 25 of the first compensation film 24 are parallel to each other in the upper polarizing plate 20, and the absorption axis 12 of the polarizer 11 and the slow axis 15 of the second compensation film 14 are perpendicular to each other in the lower polarizing plate 10.
  • the sum of the in-plane retardations of the first compensation film 24 and the second compensation film 14 was 220nm.
  • the first compensation film 24 and the second compensation film 14 were manufactured by applying triple-coextrusion such that a PS (Polystyrene) layer having a negative refractive index is disposed between two PMMAs (Poly Methylmethacrylate) and then sequentially disposing compensation films (I- Film, Optes Inc., Japan) through extension.
  • PS Polystyrene
  • PMMA Poly Methylmethacrylate
  • TAC TriAcetyl Cellulose
  • LG. PHILIPS LCD Inc. was used for the backlight unit 40.
  • FIG. 6 shows a simulation result of transmittance from all light directions after stacking optical components, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 6 shows transmittance from all light directions when a black state is displayed on the screen, in which the transmittance is 0% to 0.2%, the portion exceeding 0.02% transmittance is shown by red color and low-transmittance portion is shown by blue color when the black state is shown, in the range of the scale.
  • the first polarization state that is the right start point is a polarization state when the light penetrates the polarizer of the lower polarizing plate
  • the second polarization state is a polarization state when the light penetrates the second compensation film of the lower polarizing plate
  • the third polarization state is a polarization state when the light penetrates the liquid crystal cell
  • the fourth polarization state is a polarization state when the light penetrates the first compensation film of the upper polarizing plate.
  • all the polarization states of the layers under the above conditions are in the red circle, which is within the scope of the present invention.
  • the first compensation film 24 has an in-plane retardation (RO) of lOOnm and a refractive index ratio (NZ) of -0.1 and the second compensation film 14 has an in-plane retardation (RO) of 150nm and a refractive index ratio (NZ) of -0.7.
  • the sum of the in-plane retardations of the first compensation film 24 and the second compensation film 14 was 250nm.
  • FIG. 10 shows transmittance from all light directions distribution when the black state is displayed on the screen, in which the transmittance is 0% to 0.2%, the portion exceeding 0.02% transmittance is shown by red color and low- transmittance portion is shown by blue color when the black state is shown, in the range of the scale.
  • the first polarization state that is the right start point is a polarization state when the light penetrates the polarizer of the lower polarizing plate
  • the second polarization state is a polarization state when the light penetrates the second compensation film of the lower polarizing plate
  • the third polarization state is a polarization state when the light penetrates the liquid crystal cell
  • the fourth polarization state is a polarization state when the light penetrates the first compensation film of the upper polarizing plate.
  • the optical conditions of the first and second compensation films satisfying when the polarization changes are in the red circle may have a mathematically large number of cases. That is, anyone can be used as long as they satisfy the specific optical properties proposed in the present invention and the changes in polarization state of a liquid crystal display including them is in a circle having a radius defined as a distance from a polarization state after light penetrates the polarizer of the lower polarizing plate to a polarization state where the light can be maximally absorbed into the absorption axis of the upper polarizing plate.
  • the first compensation film 24 has an in-plane retardation (RO) of 50nm and a refractive index ratio NZ of -0.1 and the second compensation film 14 has an in-plane retardation (RO) of 250nm and a refractive index ratio of -0.7.
  • the sum of the in-plane retardations of the first com- pensation film 24 and the second compensation film 14 was 300nm.
  • FIG. 13 shows transmittance from all light directions distribution when the black state is displayed on the screen, in which the transmittance is 0% to 0.2%, the portion exceeding 0.02% transmittance is shown by red color and low- transmittance portion is shown by blue color when the black state is shown, in the range of the scale.
  • the first polarization state that is the right start point is a polarization state when the light penetrates the polarizer of the lower polarizing plate
  • the second polarization state is a polarization state when the light penetrates the second compensation film of the lower polarizing plate
  • the third polarization state is a polarization state when the light penetrates the liquid crystal cell
  • the fourth polarization state is a polarization state when the light penetrates the first compensation film of the upper polarizing plate.
  • a liquid crystal display was manufactured by stacking an upper polarizing plate formed by stacking a positive biaxial A-plate having an in-plane retardation (RO) of 60nm and a refractive index ratio (NZ) of -1.3, a positive uniaxial A-plate having an in-plane retardation (RO) of 70nm and a refractive index ratio (NZ) of 1.7, a polarizer, and a protection film, and a lower polarizing plate formed by stacking an isotropic protection layer having an in-plane retardation (RO) of Onm and a thickness direction retardation (Rth) of Onm, a polarizer, and a protection film.
  • the slow axis of each of the positive uniaxial A-plate and the positive biaxial A-plate is parallel to the absorption axis of the polarizer in the polarizing plates.
  • the first polarization state that is the right start point is a polarization state when the light penetrates the polarizer of the lower polarizing plate
  • the second polarization state is a polarization state when the light penetrates the second compensation film of the lower polarizing plate
  • the third polarization state is a polarization state when the light penetrates the liquid crystal cell
  • the fourth polarization state is a polarization state when the light penetrates the first compensation film of the upper polarizing plate
  • the fifth polarization state is a polarization state when the light penetrates the second first compensation film of the upper polarizing plate.
  • polarization states of light for wavelength increments of IOnm within a range of 380nm to 780nm of visible light are shown in FIGS 8 and 18.
  • the polarization states right before the light penetrates the polarizer of the upper polarizing plate are the same at each wavelength, such that the liquid crystal display shows less color changes for visual angels, whereby it is possible to expect the color changes from degree of distribution of the polarization states on a Poincare Sphere with respect to all wavelengths within the visible light region. That is, comparing the Example 1 shown in FIG. 8 with the Comparative Example 1 shown in FIG. 18, it can be seen that the degree of distribution of color is small in the Example 1, such that the color change is small.
  • an in-plane switching liquid crystal display was manufactured by using Normal TAC (Triacetyl Cellulose having Rth of 50nm with respect to incident light of 589.3nm) for upper and second compensation film of the lower polarizing plates.
  • Transmittance from all light directions of the in-plane switching liquid crystal display is shown in FIG. 20 and the color coordinates (CIE 1931, XY) are shown in FIG. 21. As a result, it can be seen that light transmittance is large with respect to an inclined surface and color change is also large, as compared with the Example 1.
  • the first compensation film 24 had an in-plane retardation (RO) of 150nm and a refractive index ratio (NZ) of -0.1 and the second compensation film 14 had an in-plane retardation (RO) of 250nm and a refractive index ratio of -0.7.
  • the sum of the in-plane retardations of the first compensation film 24 and the second compensation film 14 was 400nm.
  • an in-plane switching liquid crystal display according to the present invention can be applied to liquid crystal displays requiring high visual angle properties because it can provide excellent image quality for all viewing directions.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un ensemble de plaques polarisantes couplées et un afficheur à cristaux liquides à mode de commutation coplanaire comportant cet ensemble de plaques polarisantes couplées. L'invention concerne plus particulièrement, d'une part un ensemble de plaques polarisantes couplées comportant des films de correction conçus, de façon à présenter des propriétés optiques permettant de ramener à un minimum la distorsion chromatique selon les axes d'observation, et de façon à garantir un grand angle d'observation en mode de commutation coplanaire, et d'autre part un afficheur à cristaux liquides comportant l'ensemble de plaques polarisantes couplées et du cristal liquide à mode de commutation coplanaire. Étant donné le faible degré de distribution des changements d'état de polarisation sur une sphère de Poincaré, l'afficheur à cristaux liquides de la présente invention permet de ramener à un minimum la distorsion chromatique selon les axes d'observation et de garantir un grand angle d'observation. En outre, la possibilité de garantir un grand angle d'observation avec une seule feuille de film de correction pour la plaque polarisante supérieure et la plaque polarisante inférieure permettra de produire en masse, avec un rendement élevé, des afficheurs à cristaux liquides minces présentant moins de défauts imputables aux corps étrangers.
PCT/KR2010/001663 2009-03-24 2010-03-18 Ensemble de plaques polarisantes couplées, et afficheur à cristaux liquides à mode de commutation coplanaire comportant cet ensemble Ceased WO2010110549A2 (fr)

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CN201080009021XA CN102326118A (zh) 2009-03-24 2010-03-18 耦合偏光板组件和包括该组件的面内切换型液晶显示器

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US10948764B2 (en) 2009-11-12 2021-03-16 Keio University Method for improving visibility of liquid crystal display device, and liquid crystal display device using the same
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US10503016B2 (en) 2010-06-22 2019-12-10 Toyobo Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display device, polarizer and protective film
US10175494B2 (en) 2011-05-18 2019-01-08 Toyobo Co., Ltd. Polarizing plate suitable for liquid crystal display device capable of displaying three-dimensional images, and liquid crystal display device
US10180597B2 (en) 2011-05-18 2019-01-15 Toyobo Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display device, polarizing plate, and polarizer protection film
US9989688B2 (en) 2013-03-29 2018-06-05 Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. Polarizing plate, image display apparatus, and method for improving bright-place contrast in image display apparatus
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JP5719343B2 (ja) 2015-05-20
TW201035605A (en) 2010-10-01
TWI546576B (zh) 2016-08-21
JP2012521578A (ja) 2012-09-13
WO2010110549A3 (fr) 2011-01-27
CN102326118A (zh) 2012-01-18

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