WO2010016475A1 - 非水電解液及びそれを用いたリチウム電池 - Google Patents
非水電解液及びそれを用いたリチウム電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010016475A1 WO2010016475A1 PCT/JP2009/063782 JP2009063782W WO2010016475A1 WO 2010016475 A1 WO2010016475 A1 WO 2010016475A1 JP 2009063782 W JP2009063782 W JP 2009063782W WO 2010016475 A1 WO2010016475 A1 WO 2010016475A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/66—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D233/72—Two oxygen atoms, e.g. hydantoin
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
- H01M6/162—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte
- H01M6/166—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte by the solute
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
- H01M6/162—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte
- H01M6/168—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte by additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
- H01M2300/0037—Mixture of solvents
- H01M2300/0042—Four or more solvents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte excellent in battery characteristics such as high-temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics, and a lithium battery using the same.
- lithium secondary batteries have been widely used as driving power sources for small electronic devices such as mobile phones and laptop computers, electric vehicles, and power storage sources.
- the lithium secondary battery is mainly composed of a positive electrode and a negative electrode containing a material capable of inserting and extracting lithium, and a non-aqueous electrolyte containing a lithium salt.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte carbonates such as ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) are used.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- a negative electrode of a lithium secondary battery lithium metal, a metal compound capable of inserting and extracting lithium (metal simple substance, oxide, alloy with lithium, etc.) and a carbon material are known.
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries using carbon materials that can occlude and release lithium such as coke and graphite (artificial graphite, natural graphite) are widely put into practical use.
- the above negative electrode materials store and release lithium and electrons at a low potential equivalent to that of lithium metal, many solvents have the possibility of undergoing reductive decomposition, particularly at high temperatures. Regardless of this, the solvent in the electrolyte solution is partially reduced and decomposed on the negative electrode, and the decomposition product is deposited on the surface of the negative electrode to increase the resistance, or gas is generated due to the decomposition of the solvent and the battery is swollen. As a result, the movement of lithium ions is hindered, and there is a problem that battery characteristics such as cycle characteristics are deteriorated.
- materials that can occlude / release lithium such as LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNiO 2 , LiFePO 4, etc., used as positive electrode materials, store and release lithium and electrons at a high voltage of 3.5 V or more based on lithium.
- many solvents have the potential to undergo oxidative degradation.
- the solvent in the electrolyte solution partially oxidizes and decomposes on the positive electrode, and the decomposed product is deposited on the surface of the positive electrode to increase the resistance.
- the battery is swollen and generated, the movement of lithium ions is hindered, and the battery characteristics such as cycle characteristics are deteriorated.
- a lithium primary battery for example, a lithium primary battery using manganese dioxide or graphite fluoride as a positive electrode and lithium metal as a negative electrode is known and widely used because of its high energy density, but it is stored for a long time. It is required to suppress an increase in internal resistance and improve long-term storage performance at high temperatures.
- a power storage device called a hybrid capacitor (asymmetric capacitor that utilizes both the capacity of lithium storage and release and the electric double layer capacity), which combines the storage principle of an electric double layer capacitor and a cycle at high temperatures. Improvements in battery performance such as characteristics and high-temperature storage characteristics are demanded.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a lithium secondary battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte solution containing a lactone compound and a non-aqueous solvent containing a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound such as 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. It is described that the charge / discharge efficiency of a non-aqueous electrolyte containing sucrose and the capacity retention rate after high-temperature charge storage are improved. Patent Document 1 lists a large number of compounds as nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, and its paragraph [0017] includes 1,3-dimethylimidazolidine-2,5-dione, 1, 3-diethylimidazolidine-2,5-dione is exemplified.
- Patent Document 1 does not specifically describe the addition of these hydantoin compounds, and does not substantially perform any examination.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a non-aqueous electrolyte in which a succinimide derivative is added to a non-aqueous solvent containing an asymmetric carbonate, and the cycle characteristics at 20 ° C. of lithium secondary batteries and the capacity after storage at high temperature charge. It is described that the maintenance rate is good.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a non-aqueous electrolyte battery containing 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone in a non-aqueous electrolyte. The load characteristics, cycle characteristics at 23 ° C., and storage after high-temperature charge storage are disclosed. It is described that the capacity maintenance rate is improved.
- JP 2003-7333 A JP 2003-151622 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-273728
- An object of the present invention is to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte using a hydantoin compound and excellent in battery characteristics such as high-temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics, and a lithium battery using the same.
- the present inventors have examined in detail the performance of the above-described prior art non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the non-aqueous electrolytes to which the compounds disclosed in the examples of Patent Documents 1 to 3 are added have high cycle characteristics at high temperatures and discharge voltage due to increase in internal resistance of the battery after being stored at high temperature in a charged state. It was found that it was not satisfactory with respect to the decrease in Accordingly, the present inventors have made extensive studies to solve the above problems, and in a non-aqueous electrolyte solution in which an electrolyte salt is dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent, a (—CO—NR—) unit (amide structure) is added.
- a hydantoin compound which is a cyclic compound having two (—CO—NR 2 —CO—NR 1 —) structures
- battery characteristics such as high-temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics can be obtained.
- the present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention provides the following (1) or (2).
- a hydantoin compound represented by the following general formula (I) in an amount of 0.01 to 5% by mass in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution
- R 1 and R 2 each represent a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- R 3 and R 4 each represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group.
- the hydantoin compound represented by the general formula (I) is added to the nonaqueous electrolytic solution by 0.01 Lithium battery characterized by containing ⁇ 5% by mass.
- a lithium battery excellent in battery characteristics such as high-temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics can be provided by adding a hydantoin compound having a specific structure to a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention is a nonaqueous electrolytic solution in which an electrolyte salt is dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent, and a hydantoin compound represented by the following general formula (I) is added to the nonaqueous electrolytic solution in an amount of 0.01 to 5%. It is characterized by containing mass%.
- hydantoin compounds The hydantoin compound contained in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention is represented by the following general formula (I).
- R 1 and R 2 each represent a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- R 3 and R 4 each represent a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group.
- R 1 and R 2 are each a methyl group
- battery characteristics such as high-temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics are further improved, which is preferable.
- the group is more preferable, and the case where both are methyl groups is particularly preferable.
- hydantoin compound represented by the general formula (I) include 1,3-dimethyl-hydantoin, 1,3-diethyl-hydantoin, 3-ethyl-1-methyl-hydantoin, and 1-ethyl-3- Methyl-hydantoin, 1,3,5-trimethyl-hydantoin, 1,3,5,5-tetramethyl-hydantoin, 1-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethyl-hydantoin, 3-ethyl-1,5,5 -Trimethyl-hydantoin and the like, among which 1,3-dimethyl-hydantoin, 3-ethyl-1-methyl-hydantoin, 1,3,5,5-tetramethyl-hydantoin, 3-ethyl-1 1,5-5-trimethyl-hydantoin and the like, 1,3-dimethyl-hydantoin, 1,3,5,5-tetramethyl-hydantoin More preferably, 1,3,5,5
- the content of at least one hydantoin compound represented by the general formula (I) contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte exceeds 5% by mass, it is excessive on the electrode.
- battery characteristics such as high-temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics may be deteriorated.
- the high-temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics may be reduced. The effect of improving battery characteristics such as characteristics may not be obtained. Therefore, the content of the compound is 0.01% by mass or more, preferably 0.5% by mass or more, and more preferably 1% by mass or more in the mass of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- the upper limit is 5 mass% or less, 4 mass% or less is preferable, 3 mass% or less is more preferable, and 2 mass% or less is still more preferable.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention to which the hydantoin compound represented by the general formula (I) is added can improve battery characteristics such as high-temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics. The reason is not necessarily clear, but it can be considered as follows. That is, by including the hydantoin compound represented by the general formula (I) in the electrolytic solution, a protective film in which the hydantoin compound is ring-opening polymerized is formed on both the positive electrode and the negative electrode during charging.
- the hydantoin compound of the present invention has two (—CO—NR—) units (amide structure) in succession, and contains a high concentration of (—CO—NR—) units that serve as trap sites for Li ions in the film. It is considered that battery characteristics such as high-temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics could be improved in order to effectively prevent decomposition of the electrolyte solvent by forming a film.
- the hydantoin compound represented by the general formula (I) contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte improves battery characteristics such as high-temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics even when used alone.
- battery characteristics such as high-temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics
- an electrolyte salt, and other additives described below a unique effect of synergistically improving battery characteristics such as high-temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics is exhibited. The reason is not necessarily clear, but it is considered that a mixed film with high ion conductivity containing the hydantoin compound and these non-aqueous solvent, electrolyte salt, and other additive constituent elements is formed. .
- Non-aqueous solvent used in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention preferably contains at least a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate.
- examples of other non-aqueous solvents include chain esters, ethers, amides, phosphate esters, sulfones, nitriles, S ⁇ O bond-containing compounds, and cyclic peroxides.
- Cyclic carbonates include ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate (BC), 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (FEC), trans or cis-4,5-difluoro -1,3-dioxolan-2-one (hereinafter collectively referred to as “DFEC”), vinylene carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), and the like.
- EC, PC, and a cyclic carbonate containing at least one selected from cyclic carbonates containing a double bond or fluorine are preferred, and EC and / or PC and a cyclic carbonate containing a double bond or fluorine are used.
- Use of one or more types is more preferable because battery characteristics such as high-temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics are further improved, and it is particularly preferable to include both EC and / or PC, a cyclic carbonate containing a double bond, and a cyclic carbonate containing fluorine. preferable.
- a cyclic carbonate containing a double bond VC and VEC are preferable, and as the cyclic carbonate containing fluorine, FEC and DFEC are preferable.
- cyclic carbonates include EC and PC, EC and VC, EC and VEC, PC and VC, FEC and VC, FEC and EC, FEC and PC, FEC and DFEC, DFEC and EC, DFEC and PC DFEC and VC, DFEC and VEC, EC and PC and VC, EC and FEC and PC, EC and FEC and VC, EC and VC and VEC, FEC and PC and VC, DFEC and EC and VC, DFEC and PC and VC, DFEC and PC and VC, DFEC and PC and VC FEC, EC, PC, VC, DFEC, EC and PC and VC, DFEC and PC and VC FEC, EC, PC, VC, DFEC, EC, PC, VC, and the like.
- the content of the cyclic carbonate is not particularly limited, but it is preferably used in the range of 10 to 40% by volume of the total volume of the nonaqueous solvent.
- the content is less than 10% by volume, the electric conductivity of the electrolyte solution tends to be lowered and the cycle characteristics tend to be lowered.
- the content exceeds 40% by volume, battery characteristics such as high-temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics tend to be lowered. There is.
- chain carbonates examples include asymmetric chain carbonates such as methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC), methyl propyl carbonate, methyl isopropyl carbonate, methyl butyl carbonate, and ethyl propyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and dipropyl.
- asymmetric chain carbonates such as methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC), methyl propyl carbonate, methyl isopropyl carbonate, methyl butyl carbonate, and ethyl propyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and dipropyl.
- Symmetrical chain carbonates such as carbonate and dibutyl carbonate are exemplified.
- battery characteristics such as high-temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics tend to be improved, and it is more preferable to use an asymmetric chain carbonate and a symmetric chain carbonate in combination.
- the ratio of the asymmetric linear carbonate contained in a linear carbonate is 50 volume% or more.
- the asymmetric chain carbonate those having a methyl group are preferable, and MEC is most preferable. These chain carbonates may be used alone, but it is preferable to use a combination of two or more types because battery characteristics such as high-temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics are improved.
- the content of the chain carbonate is not particularly limited, but it is preferably used in the range of 60 to 90% by volume of the total volume of the nonaqueous solvent. When the content is less than 60% by volume, the viscosity of the electrolytic solution increases.
- the ratio between the cyclic carbonates and the chain carbonates is preferably 10:90 to 40:60 from the viewpoint of improving battery characteristics such as high-temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics. 15:85 to 35:65 is more preferable, and 20:80 to 30:70 is particularly preferable.
- chain esters examples include methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl pivalate, butyl pivalate, hexyl pivalate, octyl pivalate, dimethyl oxalate, ethyl methyl oxalate, and oxalic acid.
- ethers include cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2, and the like.
- chain ethers such as -diethoxyethane and 1,2-dibutoxyethane.
- amides include dimethylformamide
- examples of phosphate esters include trimethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, and the like
- examples of sulfones include sulfolane
- examples of nitriles examples thereof include mononitrile compounds such as acetonitrile and propionitrile, and dinitrile compounds such as succinonitrile, glutaronitrile and adiponitrile.
- Examples of the compound containing S ⁇ O bond include 1,3-propane sultone, ethylene sulfite, hexahydrobenzo [1,3,2] dioxathiolane-2-oxide (also referred to as 1,2-cyclohexanediol cyclic sulfite), 5-vinyl-hexahydro 1,3,2-benzodioxathiol-2-oxide, 1,4-butanediol dimethanesulfonate, 1,3-butanediol dimethanesulfonate, divinylsulfone, 1,2-bis (vinyl) Sulfonyl) ethane, bis (2-vinylsulfonylethyl) ether and the like.
- cyclic peroxides examples include 7,8,15,16-tetraoxadispiro [5.2.5.2] hexadecane, 14,15-dioxa-7-azadispiro [5.1.5.2] pentadecane, and the like. Is mentioned.
- non-aqueous solvents particularly when ethers, nitriles, S ⁇ O bond-containing compounds, and cyclic peroxides are used in combination with the hydantoin compounds represented by the general formula (I), high-temperature storage characteristics, cycle characteristics, etc. It is preferable because battery characteristics are improved.
- a cyclic radical such as 7,8,15,16-tetraoxadispiro [5.2.5.2] hexadecane, 14,15-dioxa-7-azadispiro [5.1.5.2] pentadecane, etc. It is an oxide or a dinitrile compound.
- the content is preferably 0.1% by mass or more, and more preferably 0.5% by mass or more in the mass of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- the upper limit is preferably 5% by mass or less, and more preferably 3% by mass or less.
- the above non-aqueous solvents are usually used as a mixture in order to achieve appropriate physical properties.
- the combinations include, for example, a combination of cyclic carbonates and chain carbonates, a combination of cyclic carbonates, chain carbonates and chain esters, a combination of cyclic carbonates, chain carbonates and ethers, cyclic Examples include combinations of carbonates, chain carbonates and nitriles, combinations of cyclic carbonates, chain carbonates and S ⁇ O bond-containing compounds.
- a lactone compound such as ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL) or ⁇ -valerolactone is contained as a solvent, the effect of improving battery characteristics such as high-temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics of the present invention is not necessarily exhibited.
- the reason for this is that when a lactone compound such as ⁇ -butyrolactone is used as the solvent, the lactone compound decomposes at a high temperature, and before the hydantoin compound of the present invention forms a film, the decomposed product of the lactone compound has a high resistance. It is considered that this is because the movement of Li ions is hindered by the formation of sapphire on the electrode. Therefore, it is preferable that the non-aqueous solvent does not contain a lactone compound.
- electrolyte salt examples include lithium salts such as LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , and LiClO 4 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiC.
- lithium salts containing an oxyalkylene chain lithium salts using an oxalate complex such as lithium bis [oxalate-O, O ′] lithium borate and lithium difluoro [oxalate-O, O ′] lithium borate as anions.
- electrolyte salts are LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , and LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2
- the most preferable electrolyte salts are LiPF 6 , LiBF 4, and LiN. (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 .
- These electrolyte salts can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- a preferable combination of these electrolyte salts includes LiPF 6 and further includes a combination including at least one selected from LiBF 4 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 and LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2. Can be mentioned. Preferably, a combination of LiPF 6 and LiBF 4, a combination of LiPF 6 and LiN (SO 2 CF 3) 2 , combinations and the like of LiPF 6 and LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2.
- the molar ratio of LiPF 6 : LiBF 4 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , and LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 is a molar ratio of LiPF 6 lower than 70:30
- the ratio of LiPF 6 is higher than 99: 1
- battery characteristics such as high-temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics may deteriorate. Therefore, the molar ratio of (an electrolyte salt selected from LiPF 6 : LiBF 4 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , and LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 ) is in the range of 70:30 to 99: 1.
- the range of 80:20 to 98: 2 is more preferable.
- the electrolyte salt can be mixed in any ratio, but other electrolytes except LiBF 4 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 and LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 when used in combination with LiPF 6.
- the proportion of salt in the total electrolyte salt (molar fraction) is less than 0.01%, the effect of improving battery characteristics such as high temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics is poor, and if it exceeds 45%, high temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics are poor. Such battery characteristics may deteriorate. Therefore, the ratio (molar fraction) is preferably 0.01 to 45%, more preferably 0.03 to 20%, still more preferably 0.05 to 10%, and most preferably 0.05 to 5%. is there.
- the concentration used by dissolving all the electrolyte salts is usually preferably 0.3 M or more, more preferably 0.5 M or more, and most preferably 0.7 M or more with respect to the non-aqueous solvent.
- the upper limit is preferably 2.5M or less, more preferably 2.0M or less, further preferably 1.5M or less, and most preferably 1.2M or less.
- a known quaternary ammonium salt such as tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate, triethylmethylammonium tetrafluoroborate, tetraethylammonium hexafluorophosphate or the like can be used.
- the safety of the battery during overcharge can be ensured by containing 0.1 to 5% by mass of an aromatic compound in addition to the compound of general formula (I).
- aromatic compounds include cyclohexylbenzene, fluorocyclohexylbenzene compounds (1-fluoro-2-cyclohexylbenzene, 1-fluoro-3-cyclohexylbenzene, 1-fluoro-4-cyclohexylbenzene), tert-butylbenzene, tert-amylbenzene, 1-fluoro-4-tert-butylbenzene, 1,3-di-tert-butylbenzene, biphenyl, terphenyl (o-, m-, p-isomer), diphenyl ether, fluorobenzene, difluorobenzene (O-, m-, p-isomer), 2,
- aromatic compounds can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- cyclohexylbenzene, fluorocyclohexylbenzene compounds (1-fluoro-2-cyclohexylbenzene, 1-fluoro-3-cyclohexylbenzene, 1-fluoro-4-cyclohexylbenzene), tert-butylbenzene, tert-amylbenzene, 1-fluorobenzene
- a branched alkylbenzene compound selected from fluoro-4-tert-butylbenzene and 1,3-di-tert-butylbenzene is contained, battery characteristics such as high-temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics are also improved. More preferred are -butylbenzene, tert-amylbenzene, 1-fluoro-4-tert-butylbenzene and 1,3-di-tert-butylbenzene.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention is prepared, for example, by mixing the nonaqueous solvent with the electrolyte salt and the hydantoin compound represented by the general formula (I) in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution in an amount of 0.01 to It can be obtained by dissolving to 5% by mass.
- a non-aqueous solvent and a compound added to the non-aqueous electrolyte that are purified in advance and have as few impurities as possible within a range that does not significantly reduce productivity.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention can be suitably used as an electrolytic solution for a lithium primary battery and a lithium secondary battery.
- nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention can also be used as an electrolytic solution for electric double layer capacitors and an electrolytic solution for hybrid capacitors.
- the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the present invention is most suitable for use in a lithium secondary battery.
- the lithium battery of the present invention is a generic term for a lithium primary battery and a lithium secondary battery, and comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution in which an electrolyte salt is dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent. ) Is contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte solution in an amount of 0.01 to 5% by mass.
- the content of the hydantoin compound in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is preferably 0.5 to 4% by mass, more preferably 1 to 3% by mass, and still more preferably 1 to 2% by mass.
- constituent members such as a positive electrode and a negative electrode other than the non-aqueous electrolyte can be used without particular limitation.
- a lithium composite metal oxide containing at least one selected from cobalt, manganese, and nickel is used as the positive electrode active material for a lithium secondary battery.
- These positive electrode active materials can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- Examples of such lithium composite metal oxides include LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiNiO 2 , LiCo 1-x Ni x O 2 (0.01 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), LiCo 1/3 Ni 1/3.
- LiCoO 2 and LiMn 2 O 4 examples thereof include Mn 1/3 O 2 , LiNi 1/2 Mn 3/2 O 4 , LiCo 0.98 Mg 0.02 O 2 and the like. Further, LiCoO 2 and LiMn 2 O 4 , LiCoO 2 and LiNiO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 and LiNiO 2 may be used in combination.
- a part of the lithium composite metal oxide may be substituted with another element.
- a part of cobalt, manganese, and nickel is replaced with one or more elements selected from Sn, Mg, Fe, Ti, Al, Zr, Cr, V, Ga, Zn, Cu, Bi, Mo, La, and the like.
- a part of O may be substituted with S or F, or a compound containing these other elements may be coated.
- lithium composite metal oxides such as LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , and LiNiO 2 that can be used at a charged potential of the positive electrode in a fully charged state of 4.3 V or more on the basis of Li are preferable, and LiCo 1-x M x O 2 (M represents one or more elements selected from Sn, Mg, Fe, Ti, Al, Zr, Cr, V, Ga, Zn, Cu. 0.001 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.05
- lithium mixed metal oxides usable at 4.4 V or higher such as LiCo 1/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 and LiNi 1/2 Mn 3/2 O 4 .
- lithium composite metal oxide with a high charging voltage When a lithium composite metal oxide with a high charging voltage is used, battery characteristics such as high-temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics are likely to deteriorate due to a reaction with a nonaqueous electrolyte during charging, but in the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention, These battery characteristics can be prevented from deteriorating.
- lithium-containing olivine-type phosphate can also be used as the positive electrode active material.
- a lithium-containing olivine-type phosphate containing at least one selected from Fe, Co, Ni, and Mn is preferable. Specific examples thereof include LiFePO 4 , LiCoPO 4 , LiNiPO 4 , LiMnPO 4 and the like. Some of these lithium-containing olivine-type phosphates may be substituted with other elements, and some of iron, cobalt, nickel, and manganese are replaced with Co, Mn, Ni, Mg, Al, B, Ti, V, and Nb.
- Cu, Zn, Mo, Ca, Sr, W and Zr can be substituted with one or more elements selected from these, or can be coated with a compound or carbon material containing these other elements.
- LiFePO 4 or LiMnPO 4 is preferable.
- mold phosphate can also be mixed with the said positive electrode active material, for example, and can be used.
- the positive electrode conductive agent is not particularly limited as long as it is an electron conductive material that does not cause a chemical change.
- Examples thereof include graphites such as natural graphite (eg, scaly graphite) and artificial graphite, and carbon blacks such as acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and thermal black. Further, graphites and carbon blacks may be appropriately mixed and used.
- the addition amount of the conductive agent to the positive electrode mixture is preferably 1 to 10% by mass, and particularly preferably 2 to 5% by mass.
- the positive electrode active material is made of a conductive agent such as acetylene black or carbon black, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a copolymer of styrene and butadiene (SBR), acrylonitrile and butadiene.
- a conductive agent such as acetylene black or carbon black, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), a copolymer of styrene and butadiene (SBR), acrylonitrile and butadiene.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- SBR styrene and butadiene
- SBR styrene and butadiene
- acrylonitrile and butadiene acrylonitrile and butadiene.
- binder such as copolymer (NBR
- this positive electrode mixture was applied to a current collector aluminum foil, a stainless steel lath plate, etc., dried and pressure-molded, and then subjected to vacuum at a temperature of about 50 ° C. to 250 ° C. for about 2 hours. It can be manufactured by heat treatment.
- the density of the part except the collector of the positive electrode is usually at 1.5 g / cm 3 or more, to further enhance the capacity of the battery, is preferably 2 g / cm 3 or more, more preferably 3 g / cm 3 or more More preferably, it is 3.6 g / cm 3 or more.
- the upper limit thereof since there is a case where substantially produced exceeds 4.0 g / cm 3 is difficult, 4.0 g / cm 3 or less.
- the positive electrode for lithium primary battery CuO, Cu 2 O, Ag 2 O, Ag 2 CrO 4, CuS, CuSO 4, TiO 2, TiS 2, SiO 2, SnO, V 2 O 5, V 6 O 12 , VO x , Nb 2 O 5 , Bi 2 O 3 , Bi 2 Pb 2 O 5 , Sb 2 O 3 , CrO 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , MoO 3 , WO 3 , SeO 2 , MnO 2 , Mn 2 O 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , FeO, Fe 3 O 4 , Ni 2 O 3 , NiO, CoO 3 , CoO and the like, oxides or chalcogen compounds of one or more metal elements, SO 2 , SOCl 2, etc.
- Examples thereof include a sulfur compound and fluorocarbon (fluorinated graphite) represented by the general formula (CF x ) n .
- fluorocarbon fluorinated graphite
- MnO 2 , V 2 O 5 , graphite fluoride and the like are preferable.
- Examples of negative electrode active materials for lithium secondary batteries include lithium metals and lithium alloys, carbon materials capable of occluding and releasing lithium (graphites such as artificial graphite and natural graphite), and metals capable of occluding and releasing lithium.
- a compound etc. can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types. Among these, it is preferable to use a highly crystalline carbon material such as artificial graphite or natural graphite in terms of the ability to occlude and release lithium ions, and the lattice spacing ( 002 ) spacing (d 002 ) is 0.340 nm.
- a carbon material having a graphite type crystal structure of (nanometer) or less particularly 0.335 to 0.337 nm.
- a highly crystalline carbon material it tends to react with the non-aqueous electrolyte during charging, and battery characteristics such as high-temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics tend to deteriorate.
- the lithium secondary battery according to the present invention has non-reactivity. Reaction with the water electrolyte can be suppressed.
- the highly crystalline carbon material is coated with the low crystalline carbon material because decomposition of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution is further suppressed.
- metal compound which can occlude and release lithium as a negative electrode active material Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, Sb, Bi, Al, Ga, In, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu , Zn, Ag, Mg, Sr, Ba and other compounds containing at least one metal element.
- These metal compounds may be used in any form such as a simple substance, an alloy, an oxide, a nitride, a sulfide, a boride, and an alloy with lithium, but any of a simple substance, an alloy, an oxide, and an alloy with lithium. Is preferable because the capacity can be increased.
- the negative electrode is kneaded using the same conductive agent, binder, and high-boiling solvent as in the preparation of the positive electrode described above to form a negative electrode mixture, and then this negative electrode mixture is applied to the copper foil of the current collector. After being dried and pressure-molded, it can be produced by heat treatment under vacuum at a temperature of about 50 ° C. to 250 ° C. for about 2 hours.
- the density of the portion excluding the current collector of the negative electrode is usually 1.4 g / cm 3 or more, and preferably 1.6 g / cm 3 in order to further increase the battery capacity. More preferably, it is 1.7 g / cm 3 or more. Its upper limit, there is a case where substantially produced exceeds 2.0 g / cm 3 is difficult, 2.0 g / cm 3 or less.
- examples of the negative electrode active material for a lithium primary battery include lithium metal and lithium alloy.
- the structure of the lithium secondary battery is not particularly limited, and a coin battery, a cylindrical battery, a square battery, a laminate battery, or the like having a single-layer or multi-layer separator can be applied.
- the battery separator is not particularly limited, and a single layer or laminated porous film of polyolefin such as polypropylene and polyethylene, a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric, and the like can be used.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention has excellent cycle characteristics over a long period of time even when the end-of-charge voltage is 4.2 V or higher, particularly 4.3 V or higher. Furthermore, even at 4.4 V, the cycle characteristics are It is good and the high temperature storage characteristics are also improved.
- the end-of-discharge voltage is usually 2.8 V or more, and further 2.5 V or more, but the lithium secondary battery in the present invention can be 2.0 V or more.
- the current value is not particularly limited, but is usually used in a constant current discharge of 0.1 to 3C.
- the lithium secondary battery in the present invention can be charged and discharged at ⁇ 40 to 100 ° C., preferably 0 to 80 ° C.
- a method of providing a safety valve on the battery lid or cutting a member such as a battery can or a gasket can be employed.
- a current interruption mechanism that senses the internal pressure of the battery and interrupts the current can be provided on the battery lid.
- Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 [Production of lithium ion secondary battery] 94% by mass of LiCoO 2 (positive electrode active material) and 3% by mass of acetylene black (conductive agent) were mixed, and 3% by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride (binder) was previously dissolved in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. In addition to the solution, the mixture was mixed to prepare a positive electrode mixture paste. This positive electrode mixture paste was applied to one side of an aluminum foil (current collector), dried and pressurized, and cut into a predetermined size to produce a positive electrode sheet.
- LiCoO 2 positive electrode active material
- acetylene black conductive agent
- binder polyvinylidene fluoride
- the density of the portion excluding the current collector of the positive electrode was 3.6 g / cm 3 .
- a negative electrode mixture paste was prepared by adding to and mixing with the solution thus prepared. This negative electrode mixture paste was applied to one side of a copper foil (current collector), dried and pressurized, and cut into a predetermined size to produce a negative electrode sheet.
- the density of the portion excluding the current collector of the negative electrode was 1.7 g / cm 3 .
- the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet obtained above the positive electrode sheet, the microporous polyethylene film separator, and the negative electrode sheet were laminated in this order.
- 2032 type coin batteries of Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were prepared by adding a non-aqueous electrolyte prepared by adding a predetermined amount of the hydantoin compound described in 1 above.
- the cycle characteristics and high temperature storage characteristics of the obtained batteries were evaluated by the following methods. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Average discharge voltage drop rate (relative value) (%) (Average discharge voltage before storage ⁇ Average discharge voltage after storage) / (Average discharge voltage before storage in Comparative Example 1 ⁇ Average discharge after storage in Comparative Example 1) Voltage) x 100
- Examples 11 to 13 and Comparative Example 5 were the same as Example 1 except that a non-aqueous electrolyte prepared by adding a predetermined amount of a hydantoin compound to a non-aqueous electrolyte having the composition shown in Table 2 was added. No. 5 2032 type coin battery was produced and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2. The average discharge voltage drop rate after high temperature storage is a value calculated based on Comparative Example 5.
- Example 14 and Comparative Example 6 A positive electrode sheet was produced using LiFePO 4 (positive electrode active material) instead of the positive electrode active material used in Example 2 and Comparative Example 1. 90% by mass of LiFePO 4 and 5% by mass of acetylene black (conductive agent) are mixed, and 5% by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride (binder) is added in advance to a solution previously dissolved in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and mixed. Then, a positive electrode mixture paste was prepared. This positive electrode mixture paste was applied onto an aluminum foil (current collector), dried, pressurized and cut into a predetermined size to produce a positive electrode sheet, evaluation of cycle characteristics and evaluation of storage characteristics.
- LiFePO 4 positive electrode active material
- acetylene black conductive agent
- binder polyvinylidene fluoride
- a coin battery was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 except that the final charge voltage was 3.8 V and the final discharge voltage was 2.0 V. The results are shown in Table 3. In addition, the average discharge voltage reduction rate after high temperature storage is a value calculated based on Comparative Example 6.
- Example 15 and Comparative Example 7 In Example 2 and Comparative Example 1, Si was used instead of artificial graphite coated with low crystalline carbon as the negative electrode active material, and 75% by mass of Si (negative electrode active material) and 10% by mass of artificial graphite (conductive agent). Copper foil collection was prepared by mixing 10% by mass of acetylene black (conductive agent) and 5% by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride (binder), and adding 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent to the mixture. A non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 except that it was coated on an electric body, dried and pressurized, cut into a predetermined size, and a negative electrode sheet was produced. A coin battery was prepared and the battery characteristics were measured. The results are shown in Table 4. The average discharge voltage drop rate after high temperature storage is a value calculated based on Comparative Example 7.
- the lithium secondary batteries of Examples 1 to 10 of the present invention to which a hydantoin compound having two (—CO—NR—) units (amide structure) in succession were added were Comparative Example 1 (none) and Comparative Example 2 ( 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), comparative example 3 (N-methyl-succinimide), comparative example 4 (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone) compared to lithium secondary batteries, high temperature storage characteristics and cycle Battery characteristics such as characteristics are remarkably improved. From the comparison between Examples 11 to 13 and Comparative Example 5, it can be seen that the high temperature storage characteristics are improved by the addition of the hydantoin compound.
- Example 14 and Comparative Example 6 the same applies when lithium-containing olivine-type iron phosphate is used for the positive electrode or when Si is used for the negative electrode.
- the effect is seen. Therefore, it is clear that the effect of the present invention is not an effect dependent on a specific positive electrode or negative electrode.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention also has an effect of improving the high temperature storage characteristics of the lithium primary battery.
- the lithium battery using the non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention is extremely useful because it has excellent battery characteristics such as high-temperature storage characteristics and cycle characteristics.
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Abstract
Description
リチウム二次電池は、主にリチウムを吸蔵放出可能な材料を含む正極及び負極、リチウム塩を含む非水電解液から構成されている。その非水電解液としては、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)等のカーボネート類が使用されている。
リチウム二次電池の負極としては、リチウム金属、リチウムを吸蔵及び放出可能な金属化合物(金属単体、酸化物、リチウムとの合金等)、炭素材料が知られている。特に、炭素材料のうち、例えばコークス、黒鉛(人造黒鉛、天然黒鉛)等のリチウムを吸蔵・放出することが可能な炭素材料を用いた非水系電解液二次電池が広く実用化されている。
上記の負極材料はリチウム金属と同等の低い電位でリチウムと電子を貯蔵・放出するために、特に高温下において、多くの溶媒が還元分解を受ける可能性を有しており、負極材料の種類に拠らず負極上で電解液中の溶媒が一部還元分解してしまい、分解物が負極の表面に沈着して抵抗を増大させたり溶媒の分解によりガスが発生して電池を膨れさせたりすることによりリチウムイオンの移動が妨げられ、サイクル特性等の電池特性を低下させるという問題があった。
更に、近年、電気自動車用又はハイブリッド電気自動車用の新しい電源として、出力密度の点から、活性炭等を電極に用いる電気二重層キャパシタ、エネルギー密度と出力密度の両立の観点から、リチウムイオン二次電池と電気二重層キャパシタの蓄電原理を組み合わせた、ハイブリッドキャパシタ(リチウムの吸蔵・放出による容量と電気二重層容量の両方を活用する非対称型キャパシタ)と呼ばれる蓄電装置の開発が行われ、高温でのサイクル特性や高温保存特性等の電池性能の向上が求められている。
特許文献2には、非対称カーボネートを含有する非水溶媒にコハク酸イミド誘導体が添加されている非水電解液が開示され、リチウム二次電池の20℃でのサイクル特性や高温充電保存後の容量維持率が良いことが記載されている。
また、特許文献3には、非水電解質に1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノンを含有する非水電解液電池が開示され、負荷特性や23℃でのサイクル特性、高温充電保存後の容量維持率が改善されることが記載されている。
そこで、本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するために鋭意研究を重ね、非水溶媒に電解質塩が溶解されている非水電解液において、(-CO-NR-)ユニット(アミド構造)を連続して2つもつ(-CO-NR2-CO-NR1-)構造を有する環状化合物であるヒダントイン化合物を非水電解液に添加することにより、高温保存特性やサイクル特性等の電池特性を改善できることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
すなわち、本発明は、下記の(1)又は(2)を提供するものである。
本発明の非水電解液は、非水溶媒に電解質塩が溶解されている非水電解液において、下記一般式(I)で表されるヒダントイン化合物を非水電解液中に0.01~5質量%含むことを特徴とする。
本発明の非水電解液に含まれるヒダントイン化合物は、下記一般式(I)で表される。
前記一般式(I)で表されるヒダントイン化合物の具体例としては、1,3-ジメチル-ヒダントイン、1,3-ジエチル-ヒダントイン、3-エチル-1-メチル-ヒダントイン、1-エチル-3-メチル-ヒダントイン、1,3,5-トリメチル-ヒダントイン、1,3,5,5-テトラメチル-ヒダントイン、1-エチル-3,5,5-トリメチル-ヒダントイン、3-エチル-1,5,5-トリメチル-ヒダントイン等が挙げられるが、それらの中でも、1,3-ジメチル-ヒダントイン、3-エチル-1-メチル-ヒダントイン、1,3,5,5-テトラメチル-ヒダントイン、3-エチル-1,5,5-トリメチル-ヒダントイン等が好ましく、1,3-ジメチル-ヒダントイン、1,3,5,5-テトラメチル-ヒダントインが更に好ましく、1,3,5,5-テトラメチル-ヒダントインが特に好ましい。
前記一般式(I)で表されるヒダントイン化合物を添加した本発明の非水電解液は、高温保存特性やサイクル特性等の電池特性を改善できる。その理由は必ずしも明確ではないが、以下のように考えられる。即ち、電解液に前記一般式(I)で表されるヒダントイン化合物を含むことにより、充電時に正極と負極の両方にヒダントイン化合物が開環重合した保護被膜が形成される。本発明のヒダントイン化合物は(-CO-NR-)ユニット(アミド構造)を連続して2つ有し、被膜中のLiイオンのトラップサイトとなる(-CO-NR-)ユニットを高濃度に含む被膜が形成され、電解液溶媒の分解を効率的に抑制するため、高温保存特性やサイクル特性等の電池特性を改善できたと考えられる。
上記の効果は、(-CO-NR2-CO-NR1-)構造の類似構造、1-メチル-2-ピロリドン(-CO-N(CH3)-)等のアミド構造、N-メチルスクシンイミド(-CO-N(CH3)-CO-)等のイミド構造、1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノン(-N(CH3)-CO-N(CH3)-)等のウレア構造を有する化合物を添加した場合とは、全く異なる特異的な効果であることが分かった。
本発明の非水電解液に使用される非水溶媒は、少なくとも環状カーボネートと鎖状カーボネートを含有することが好ましい。その他の非水溶媒としては、鎖状エステル類、エーテル類、アミド類、リン酸エステル類、スルホン類、ニトリル類、S=O結合含有化合物、環状過酸化物等が挙げられる。
環状カーボネート類としては、エチレンカーボネート(EC)、プロピレンカーボネート(PC)、ブチレンカーボネート(BC)、4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン(FEC)、トランス又はシス-4,5-ジフルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン(以下、両者を総称して「DFEC」という)、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)、ビニルエチレンカーボネート(VEC)等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、EC、PC、及び二重結合又はフッ素を含有する環状カーボネートから選ばれる1種以上を含む環状カーボネートが好ましく、EC及び/又はPCと、二重結合又はフッ素を含有する環状カーボネートを1種以上使用すると高温保存特性やサイクル特性等の電池特性が一段と向上するのでより好ましく、EC及び/又はPCと、二重結合を含む環状カーボネートとフッ素を含有する環状カーボネートを両方含むことが特に好ましい。二重結合を含有する環状カーボネートとしては、VC、VECが好ましく、フッ素を含有する環状カーボネートとしては、FEC、DFECが好ましい。
環状カーボネートの含有量は、特に制限されないが、非水溶媒の総容量の10~40容量%の範囲で用いるのが好ましい。該含有量が10容量%未満であると電解液の電気伝導度が低下し、サイクル特性が低下する傾向があり、40容量%を超えると高温保存特性やサイクル特性等の電池特性が低下する傾向がある。
これらの鎖状カーボネート類は1種類で使用してもよいが、2種類以上を組み合わせて使用すると、高温保存特性やサイクル特性等の電池特性が向上するので好ましい。
鎖状カーボネートの含有量は、特に制限されないが、非水溶媒の総容量の60~90容量%の範囲で用いるのが好ましい。該含有量が60容量%未満であると電解液の粘度が上昇し、90容量%を超えると電解液の電気伝導度が低下し、高温保存特性やサイクル特性等の電池特性が低下する傾向があるので上記範囲であることが好ましい。
環状カーボネート類と鎖状カーボネート類の割合は、高温保存特性やサイクル特性等の電池特性を向上させる観点から、環状カーボネート類:鎖状カーボネート類(容量比)が10:90~40:60が好ましく、15:85~35:65がより好ましく、20:80~30:70が特に好ましい。
アミド類としては、ジメチルホルムアミド等が挙げられ、リン酸エステル類としては、リン酸トリメチル、リン酸トリブチル、リン酸トリオクチル等が挙げられ、スルホン類としては、スルホラン等が挙げられ、ニトリル類としてはアセトニトリル、プロピオニトリル等のモノニトリル化合物、スクシノニトリル、グルタロニトリル、アジポニトリル等のジニトリル化合物が挙げられる。
S=O結合含有化合物としては、1,3-プロパンスルトン、エチレンサルファイト、ヘキサヒドロベンゾ[1,3,2]ジオキサチオラン-2-オキシド(1,2-シクロヘキサンジオールサイクリックサルファイトともいう)、5-ビニル-ヘキサヒドロ1,3,2-ベンゾジオキサチオール-2-オキシド、1,4-ブタンジオールジメタンスルホネート、1,3-ブタンジオールジメタンスルホネート、ジビニルスルホン、1,2-ビス(ビニルスルホニル)エタン、ビス(2-ビニルスルホニルエチル)エーテル等が挙げられる。
環状過酸化物としては、7,8,15,16-テトラオキサジスピロ[5.2.5.2]ヘキサデカン、14,15-ジオキサ-7-アザジスピロ[5.1.5.2]ペンタデカン等が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、少なくとも環状カーボネート類と鎖状カーボネート類を組合せた非水溶媒を用いると、高温保存特性やサイクル特性等の電池特性が向上するため好ましい。より具体的には、EC、PC、VC、FECから選ばれる1種以上の環状カーボネート類と、DMC、MEC、DECから選ばれる1種以上の鎖状カーボネート類との組合せが挙げられる。
本発明に使用される電解質塩としては、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiClO4等のリチウム塩、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiN(SO2C2F5)2、LiCF3SO3、LiC(SO2CF3)3、LiPF4(CF3)2、LiPF3(C2F5)3、LiPF3(CF3)3、LiPF3(iso-C3F7)3、LiPF5(iso-C3F7)等の鎖状のフッ化アルキル基を含有するリチウム塩や、(CF2)2(SO2)2NLi、(CF2)3(SO2)2NLi等の環状のフッ化アルキレン鎖を含有するリチウム塩、ビス[オキサレート-O,O’]ホウ酸リチウムやジフルオロ[オキサレート-O,O’]ホウ酸リチウム等のオキサレート錯体をアニオンとするリチウム塩等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、特に好ましい電解質塩は、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiN(SO2C2F5)2であり、最も好ましい電解質塩はLiPF6、LiBF4及びLiN(SO2CF3)2である。これらの電解質塩は、1種単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
(LiPF6:LiBF4、LiN(SO2CF3)2、及びLiN(SO2C2F5)2から選ばれる電解質塩)のモル比が70:30よりもLiPF6の割合が低い場合、及び99:1よりもLiPF6の割合が高い場合には高温保存特性やサイクル特性等の電池特性が低下する場合がある。したがって、(LiPF6:LiBF4、LiN(SO2CF3)2、及びLiN(SO2C2F5)2から選ばれる電解質塩)のモル比は、70:30~99:1の範囲が好ましく、80:20~98:2の範囲がより好ましい。上記範囲の組合せで使用することにより、高温保存特性やサイクル特性等の電池特性を改善する効果を更に向上させることができる。
これら全電解質塩が溶解されて使用される濃度は、前記の非水溶媒に対して、通常0.3M以上が好ましく、0.5M以上がより好ましく、0.7M以上が最も好ましい。またその上限は、2.5M以下が好ましく、2.0M以下がより好ましく、1.5M以下が更に好ましく、1.2M以下が最も好ましい。
本発明の非水電解液には、一般式(I)の化合物に加え、芳香族化合物を0.1~5質量
%含有させることにより、過充電時の電池の安全性を確保することができる。かかる芳香族化合物としては、例えば、シクロヘキシルベンゼン、フルオロシクロヘキシルベンゼン化合物(1-フルオロ-2-シクロヘキシルベンゼン、1-フルオロ-3-シクロヘキシルベンゼン、1-フルオロ-4-シクロヘキシルベンゼン)、tert-ブチルベンゼン、tert-アミルベンゼン、1-フルオロ-4-tert-ブチルベンゼン、1,3-ジ-tert-ブチルベンゼン、ビフェニル、ターフェニル(o-、m-、p-体)、ジフェニルエーテル、フルオロベンゼン、ジフルオロベンゼン(o-、m-、p-体)、2,4-ジフルオロアニソール、ターフェニルの部分水素化物(1、2-ジシクロヘキシルベンゼン、2-フェニルビシクロヘキシル、1,2-ジフェニルシクロヘキサン、o-シクロヘキシルビフェニル)等が挙げられる。これらの芳香族化合物は、1種単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて使用することができる。
中でも、シクロヘキシルベンゼン、フルオロシクロヘキシルベンゼン化合物(1-フルオロ-2-シクロヘキシルベンゼン、1-フルオロ-3-シクロヘキシルベンゼン、1-フルオロ-4-シクロヘキシルベンゼン)、tert-ブチルベンゼン、tert-アミルベンゼン、1-フルオロ-4-tert-ブチルベンゼン、1,3-ジ-tert-ブチルベンゼンから選ばれる分枝アルキルベンゼン化合物を含有させた場合、高温保存特性やサイクル特性等の電池特性も良好となるので好ましく、tert-ブチルベンゼン、tert-アミルベンゼン、1-フルオロ-4-tert-ブチルベンゼン、1,3-ジ-tert-ブチルベンゼンが更に好ましい。
本発明の非水電解液は、例えば、前記の非水溶媒を混合し、これに前記の電解質塩及び該非水電解液中に前記一般式(I)で表されるヒダントイン化合物を0.01~5質量%となるように溶解することにより得ることができる。
この際、用いる非水溶媒、及び非水電解液に加える化合物は、生産性を著しく低下させない範囲内で、予め精製して、不純物が極力少ないものを用いることが好ましい。
本発明の非水電解液は、リチウム一次電池及びリチウム二次電池用電解液として好適に使用することができる。更に、本発明の非水電解液は、電気二重層キャパシタ用電解液やハイブリッドキャパシタ用電解液としても使用できる。これらの中でも、本発明の非水電解液は、リチウム二次電池用として用いることが最も適している。
本発明のリチウム電池は、リチウム一次電池及びリチウム二次電池を総称するものであって、正極、負極及び非水溶媒に電解質塩が溶解されている非水電解液からなり、前記一般式(I)で表されるヒダントイン化合物を非水電解液中に0.01~5質量%含むことを特徴とする。該非水電解液中の該ヒダントイン化合物の含有量は、好ましく0.5~4質量%、より好ましくは1~3質量%、更に好ましくは1~2質量%である。
本発明のリチウム電池においては、非水電解液以外の正極、負極等の構成部材は特に制限なく使用できる。
例えば、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質としては、コバルト、マンガン、及びニッケルから選ばれる1種以上を含有するリチウム複合金属酸化物が使用される。これらの正極活物質は、1種単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
このようなリチウム複合金属酸化物としては、例えば、LiCoO2、LiMn2O4、LiNiO2、LiCo1-xNixO2(0.01<x<1)、LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2、LiNi1/2Mn3/2O4、LiCo0.98Mg0.02O2等が挙げられる。また、LiCoO2とLiMn2O4、LiCoO2とLiNiO2、LiMn2O4とLiNiO2のように併用してもよい。
これらの中では、LiCoO2、LiMn2O4、LiNiO2のような満充電状態における正極の充電電位がLi基準で4.3V以上で使用可能なリチウム複合金属酸化物が好ましく、LiCo1-xMxO2(但し、MはSn、Mg、Fe、Ti、Al、Zr、Cr、V、Ga、Zn、Cuから選ばれる1種類以上の元素を示す。0.001≦x≦0.05)、LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2、LiNi1/2Mn3/2O4のような4.4V以上で使用可能なリチウム複合金属酸化物がより好ましい。高充電電圧のリチウム複合金属酸化物を使用すると、充電時における非水電解液との反応により、高温保存特性やサイクル特性等の電池特性が低下しやすいが、本発明に係るリチウム二次電池ではこれらの電池特性の低下を抑制することができる。
これらのリチウム含有オリビン型リン酸塩の一部は他元素で置換してもよく、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、マンガンの一部をCo、Mn、Ni、Mg、Al、B、Ti、V、Nb、Cu、Zn、Mo、Ca、Sr、W及びZr等から選ばれる1種以上の元素で置換したり、又はこれらの他元素を含有する化合物や炭素材料で被覆することもできる。これらの中では、LiFePO4又はLiMnPO4が好ましい。
また、リチウム含有オリビン型リン酸塩は、例えば前記の正極活物質と混合して用いることもできる。
正極の集電体を除く部分の密度は、通常は1.5g/cm3以上であり、電池の容量を更に高めるため、好ましくは2g/cm3以上であり、より好ましくは3g/cm3以上であり、更に好ましくは3.6g/cm3以上である。またその上限は、4.0g/cm3を超えると実質上作製が困難となる場合があるため、4.0g/cm3以下が好ましい。
これらの中では、リチウムイオンの吸蔵及び放出能力において、人造黒鉛や天然黒鉛等の高結晶性の炭素材料を使用することが好ましく、格子面(002)の面間隔(d002)が0.340nm(ナノメータ)以下、特に0.335~0.337nmである黒鉛型結晶構造を有する炭素材料を使用することが特に好ましい。高結晶性の炭素材料を使用すると、充電時において非水電解液と反応しやすく、高温保存特性やサイクル特性等の電池特性が低下する傾向があるが、本発明に係るリチウム二次電池では非水電解液との反応を抑制することができる。また、高結晶性の炭素材料が低結晶性の炭素材料によって被膜されていると、非水電解液の分解が一段と抑制されるので好ましい。
負極は、上記の正極の作製と同様な導電剤、結着剤、高沸点溶剤を用いて混練して負極合剤とした後、この負極合剤を集電体の銅箔等に塗布して、乾燥、加圧成型した後、50℃~250℃程度の温度で2時間程度真空下で加熱処理することにより作製することができる。
負極活物質に黒鉛を用いた場合、負極の集電体を除く部分の密度は、通常は1.4g/cm3以上であり、電池の容量をさらに高めるため、好ましくは1.6g/cm3以上であり、特に好ましくは1.7g/cm3以上である。その上限は、2.0g/cm3を超えると実質上作製が困難となる場合があるため、2.0g/cm3以下が好ましい。
電池用セパレータは特に制限されず、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等のポリオレフィンの単層又は積層の多孔性フィルム、織布、不織布等を使用できる。
本発明におけるリチウム二次電池は、充電終止電圧が4.2V以上、特に4.3V以上の場合にも長期間にわたり優れたサイクル特性を有しており、更に、4.4Vにおいてもサイクル特性は良好であり、高温保存特性も改善される。放電終止電圧は、通常2.8V以上、更には2.5V以上とすることができるが、本発明におけるリチウム二次電池は、2.0V以上とすることができる。電流値については特に限定されないが、通常0.1~3Cの定電流放電で使用される。また、本発明におけるリチウム二次電池は、-40~100℃、好ましくは0~80℃で充放電することができる。
実施例1~10及び比較例1~4
〔リチウムイオン二次電池の作製〕
LiCoO2(正極活物質)94質量%、アセチレンブラック(導電剤)3質量%を混合し、予めポリフッ化ビニリデン(結着剤)3質量%を1-メチル-2-ピロリドンに溶解させておいた溶液に加えて混合し、正極合剤ペーストを調製した。この正極合剤ペーストをアルミニウム箔(集電体)上の片面に塗布し、乾燥、加圧処理して所定の大きさに裁断し、正極シートを作製した。正極の集電体を除く部分の密度は3.6g/cm3であった。
また、低結晶性炭素を被膜した人造黒鉛(d002=0.335nm、負極活物質)95質量%を、予めポリフッ化ビニリデン(結着剤)5質量%を1-メチル-2-ピロリドンに溶解させておいた溶液に加えて混合し、負極合剤ペーストを調製した。この負極合剤ペーストを銅箔(集電体)上の片面に塗布し、乾燥、加圧処理して所定の大きさに裁断し、負極シートを作製した。負極の集電体を除く部分の密度は1.7g/cm3であった。
上記で得られた正極シートと負極シートを用いて、該正極シート、微孔性ポリエチレンフィルム製セパレータ、該負極シートの順に積層し、表1に記載の組成の非水電解液に、同じく表1に記載のヒダントイン化合物を所定量添加して調製した非水電解液を加えて、それぞれ実施例1~10及び比較例1~4の2032型コイン電池を作製した。
得られた電池のサイクル特性、高温保存特性を以下の方法で評価した。結果を表1に示す。
上記の方法で作製したコイン電池を用いて、60℃の恒温槽中、1Cの定電流及び定電圧で終止電圧4.3Vまで3時間充電し、次に1Cの定電流下、終止電圧3.0Vまで放電することを1サイクルとし、これを100サイクルに達するまで繰り返した。そして、以下の式により、60℃における100サイクル後の放電容量維持率(%)を求めた。
放電容量維持率(%)=(100サイクル目の放電容量/1サイクル目の放電容量)×100
上記と同じ組成の非水電解液を使用した別のコイン電池を用いて、25℃の恒温槽中1Cの定電流及び定電圧で終止電圧4.3Vまで3時間充電し、次に1Cの定電流下終止電圧3.0Vまで放電した。この放電時の平均の放電電圧を「保存前の平均放電電圧」とした。
再び1Cの定電流及び定電圧で終止電圧4.3Vまで3時間充電し、60℃の恒温槽に入れ、4.3Vに保持した状態で3日間保存を行った。その後、25℃の恒温槽に入れ、一旦1Cの定電流下、終止電圧3.0Vまで放電し、再び1Cの定電流及び定電圧で終止電圧4.3Vまで3時間充電し、次に1Cの定電流下終止電圧3.0Vまで放電した。この放電時の平均の放電電圧を「保存後の平均放電電圧」とした。
そして、非水電解液にヒダントイン化合物を加えなかったこと以外は実施例1と同様にコイン電池を作製し、以下の式により、比較例1を基準とする高温保存後の「平均放電電圧低下率(%)」を求めた。
平均放電電圧低下率(相対値)(%)=(保存前の平均放電電圧-保存後の平均放電電圧)/(比較例1の保存前の平均放電電圧-比較例1の保存後の平均放電電圧)×100
(環状カーボネート)
EC:エチレンカーボネート、 VC:ビニレンカーボネート
VEC:ビニルエチレンカーボネート
FEC:4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン
(鎖状カーボネート)
MEC:メチルエチルカーボネート、 DEC:ジエチルカーボネート
DMC:ジメチルカーボネート
また、表2に記載の組成の非水電解液にヒダントイン化合物を所定量添加して調製した非水電解液を加えたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして実施例1011~1213及び比較例5の2032型コイン電池を作製し、電池評価を行った。結果を表2に示す。
なお、高温保存後の平均放電電圧低下率は、比較例5を基準にして計算した値である。
実施例2、比較例1で用いた正極活物質に変えて、LiFePO4(正極活物質)を用いて、正極シートを作製した。LiFePO4 90質量%、アセチレンブラック(導電剤)5質量%を混合し、予めポリフッ化ビニリデン(結着剤)5質量%を1-メチル-2-ピロリドンに溶解させておいた溶液に加えて混合し、正極合剤ペーストを調製した。この正極合剤ペーストをアルミニウム箔(集電体)上に塗布し、乾燥、加圧処理して所定の大きさに裁断し、正極シートを作製したこと、サイクル特性の評価及び保存特性の評価の際の充電終止電圧を3.8V、放電終止電圧を2.0Vとしたこと以外は、実施例2、比較例1と同様にしてコイン電池を作製し電池評価を行った。結果を表3に示す。
なお、高温保存後の平均放電電圧低下率は、比較例6を基準にして計算した値である。
実施例2、比較例1において、負極活物質を低結晶性炭素を被膜した人造黒鉛に替えてSiを用い、Si(負極活物質)を75質量%、人造黒鉛(導電剤)を10質量%、アセチレンブラック(導電剤)を10質量%、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(結着剤)を5質量%の割合で混合し、これに1-メチル-2-ピロリドン溶剤を加えて混合したものを銅箔集電体上に塗布し、乾燥、加圧処理して所定の大きさに裁断し、負極シートを作製したこと以外は、実施例2、比較例1と同様にして非水電解液を調製してコイン電池を作製し、電池特性を測定した。結果を表4に示す。
なお、高温保存後の平均放電電圧低下率は、比較例7を基準にして計算した値である。
実施例11~13と比較例5の対比から、前記ヒダントイン化合物の添加により高温保存特性が向上することが分かる。
また、実施例14と比較例6の対比、実施例15と比較例7の対比から、正極にリチウム含有オリビン型リン酸鉄塩を用いた場合や、負極にSiを用いた場合にも同様な効果がみられる。従って、本発明の効果は、特定の正極や負極に依存した効果でないことは明らかである。
更に、本発明の非水電解液は、リチウム一次電池の高温保存特性を改善する効果も有する。
Claims (13)
- 一般式(I)におけるR3及びR4の少なくとも1つがメチル基又はエチル基である請求項1に記載の非水電解液。
- 電解質塩が、LiPF6、LiBF4、LiN(SO2CF3)2、及びLiN(SO2C2F5)2から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1に記載の非水電解液。
- 電解質塩がLiPF6を含み、かつ(LiPF6:LiBF4、LiN(SO2CF3)2、及びLiN(SO2C2F5)2から選ばれる電解質塩)のモル比が、70:30~99:1の範囲である請求項3に記載の非水電解液。
- 非水溶媒が環状カーボネート及び鎖状カーボネートを含む請求項1に記載の非水電解液。
- 環状カーボネート類:鎖状カーボネート類の容量比が10:90~40:60である請求項1に記載の非水電解液。
- 環状カーボネートが、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、及び二重結合又はフッ素を含有する環状カーボネートから選ばれる1種以上を含むものである請求項1に記載の非水電解液。
- 二重結合を含有する環状カーボネートがビニレンカーボネート又はビニルエチレンカーボネートであり、フッ素を含有する環状カーボネートが4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン又は4,5-ジフルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オンである請求項7に記載の非水電解液。
- 鎖状カーボネートが非対称鎖状カーボネートを含むものである請求項5に記載の非水電解液。
- 非対称鎖状カーボネートがメチル基を含むものである請求項9に記載の非水電解液。
- 正極、負極及び非水溶媒に電解質塩が溶解されている非水電解液からなるリチウム電池において、前記一般式(I)で表されるヒダントイン化合物を非水電解液中に0.01~5質量%含むことを特徴とするリチウム電池。
- 正極が、リチウム複合金属酸化物及びリチウム含有オリビン型リン酸塩から選ばれる1種以上の化合物を含む正極活物質を含む請求項11に記載のリチウム電池。
- 負極が、リチウム金属、リチウム合金、リチウムを吸蔵及び放出することが可能な炭素材料、並びにリチウムを吸蔵及び放出可能な金属化合物から選ばれる1種以上の化合物を含む負極活物質を含む請求項11に記載のリチウム電池。
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200980131068.0A CN102119463B (zh) | 2008-08-04 | 2009-08-04 | 非水电解液及使用了该非水电解液的锂电池 |
| JP2010523854A JP5392259B2 (ja) | 2008-08-04 | 2009-08-04 | 非水電解液及びそれを用いたリチウム電池 |
| US13/057,035 US8865353B2 (en) | 2008-08-04 | 2009-08-04 | Nonaqueous electrolyte and lithium cell using the same |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2008-200636 | 2008-08-04 | ||
| JP2008200636 | 2008-08-04 |
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| WO2010016475A1 true WO2010016475A1 (ja) | 2010-02-11 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/JP2009/063782 Ceased WO2010016475A1 (ja) | 2008-08-04 | 2009-08-04 | 非水電解液及びそれを用いたリチウム電池 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8865353B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5392259B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20110049790A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN102119463B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2010016475A1 (ja) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010040516A (ja) * | 2008-07-11 | 2010-02-18 | Ube Ind Ltd | 非水電解液及びそれを用いたリチウム電池 |
| JP2012104439A (ja) * | 2010-11-12 | 2012-05-31 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 非水系電解液及びそれを用いた非水系電解液二次電池 |
| WO2013054500A1 (ja) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-04-18 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 蓄電装置用負極材料、蓄電装置用負極、蓄電装置ならびに車両 |
| CN103956268A (zh) * | 2014-05-15 | 2014-07-30 | 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 | 一种电解液溶质和电解液及高电压超级电容器 |
| JP2016105394A (ja) * | 2014-11-07 | 2016-06-09 | エー123 システムズ エルエルシーA123 Systems LLC | より広い温度範囲で動作する非水電解質、二次電池、バッテリーシステム、マイクロハイブリッドバッテリー |
| JP2016111005A (ja) * | 2012-06-12 | 2016-06-20 | エー123 システムズ エルエルシーA123 Systems LLC | 広い温度範囲のサイクルにおけるガス発生を抑えた電解質組成物及び二次電池 |
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| FR3013901B1 (fr) * | 2013-11-28 | 2017-03-24 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Dispositif electrochimique autophotorechargeable |
| WO2015195595A1 (en) | 2014-06-17 | 2015-12-23 | Medtronic, Inc. | Semi-solid electrolytes for batteries |
| US10333173B2 (en) | 2014-11-14 | 2019-06-25 | Medtronic, Inc. | Composite separator and electrolyte for solid state batteries |
| US9490503B1 (en) | 2015-06-22 | 2016-11-08 | Wildcat Discovery Technologies, Inc. | Electrolyte formulations for lithium ion batteries |
| US10135093B2 (en) | 2016-03-30 | 2018-11-20 | Wildcat Discovery Technologies, Inc. | High voltage solid electrolyte compositions |
| FI129573B (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2022-05-13 | Broadbit Batteries Oy | Improved electrochemical cells for high energy battery use |
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| CN110556549B (zh) * | 2019-08-21 | 2022-07-08 | 天津大学 | 锂一次电池 |
| WO2022141215A1 (zh) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-07-07 | 东莞新能源科技有限公司 | 电解液、包含该电解液的电化学装置及电子装置 |
| CN114156536B (zh) * | 2021-10-27 | 2023-12-05 | 大连中比动力电池有限公司 | 添加剂、电解液及其在改善锂电池低温性能中的应用 |
| CN113851720B (zh) * | 2021-10-29 | 2023-02-28 | 天津市捷威动力工业有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池非水电解液及其应用 |
| WO2023122956A1 (zh) * | 2021-12-28 | 2023-07-06 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | 一种电解液、包含该电解液的电化学装置和电子装置 |
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- 2009-08-04 CN CN200980131068.0A patent/CN102119463B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-08-04 JP JP2010523854A patent/JP5392259B2/ja active Active
- 2009-08-04 KR KR1020117002839A patent/KR20110049790A/ko not_active Abandoned
- 2009-08-04 US US13/057,035 patent/US8865353B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010040516A (ja) * | 2008-07-11 | 2010-02-18 | Ube Ind Ltd | 非水電解液及びそれを用いたリチウム電池 |
| JP2012104439A (ja) * | 2010-11-12 | 2012-05-31 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 非水系電解液及びそれを用いた非水系電解液二次電池 |
| WO2013054500A1 (ja) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-04-18 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 蓄電装置用負極材料、蓄電装置用負極、蓄電装置ならびに車両 |
| JPWO2013054500A1 (ja) * | 2011-10-14 | 2015-03-30 | 株式会社豊田自動織機 | 蓄電装置用負極材料、蓄電装置用負極、蓄電装置ならびに車両 |
| US9774039B2 (en) | 2011-10-14 | 2017-09-26 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Jidoshokki | Negative electrode material for electric storage device, negative electrode for electric storage device, electric storage device, and vehicle |
| JP2016111005A (ja) * | 2012-06-12 | 2016-06-20 | エー123 システムズ エルエルシーA123 Systems LLC | 広い温度範囲のサイクルにおけるガス発生を抑えた電解質組成物及び二次電池 |
| CN103956268A (zh) * | 2014-05-15 | 2014-07-30 | 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 | 一种电解液溶质和电解液及高电压超级电容器 |
| JP2016105394A (ja) * | 2014-11-07 | 2016-06-09 | エー123 システムズ エルエルシーA123 Systems LLC | より広い温度範囲で動作する非水電解質、二次電池、バッテリーシステム、マイクロハイブリッドバッテリー |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102119463A (zh) | 2011-07-06 |
| US20120021300A1 (en) | 2012-01-26 |
| US8865353B2 (en) | 2014-10-21 |
| CN102119463B (zh) | 2014-09-10 |
| JPWO2010016475A1 (ja) | 2012-01-26 |
| KR20110049790A (ko) | 2011-05-12 |
| JP5392259B2 (ja) | 2014-01-22 |
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