WO2010088879A1 - Method for producing a wear-resistant coating on a component - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and to an apparatus for producing a wear-resistant coating (14) on a component. In a method according to the invention, at least one brazing solder layer (9) is disposed on a component (6) to be coated, and/or one surface or both surfaces of the brazing solder layer (9) is wetted (2) with an adhesion promoter (10); a layer of hard material particles (7) is applied onto the surface facing away from the component (6) by way of fluidized bed technology (13), the surface is optionally dried (4), and the resulting layer made of the brazing solder layer (9), optionally the adhesion promoter (10) and hard material particles (7) is brazed to the component (6). An apparatus according to the invention for producing a wear-resistant coating (14) on a component (6) comprises at least one component (6) that is disposed radially on a disk (8), wherein the disk can rotate about the axis (11) thereof, wherein the individual steps of the method according to the invention (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) are carried out at certain positions along the periphery that is passed.

Description

 Method for producing a wear-resistant coating on a component

The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing a wear-resistant coating on a component, in particular on a gas turbine component, for example on the blade tip of a rotor blade of a compressor or a turbine.

Different components are coated to protect their surface against wear or corrosion, the thermal insulation of the underlying component zones or to improve their temperature and / or wear resistance with suitable materials, such as metals, metal alloys, ceramics, composites or so-called hard coatings. Protective layers with wear-resistant surfaces or properties are used in particular for coating blade tips and are usually referred to as blade tip armor. In the tips of turbine blades, the tip portion is often upgraded with a coating containing abrasive particles, also called hard coatings, which tip is intended to impact the surface of a sheath of a material that is softer than the contained abrasive particles.

Various wear-resistant temperature, oxidation and corrosion protection layers as well as methods and devices for their production are known from the prior art in order to provide components with such coatings, which are used in particular for armoring turbine and engine parts.

From DE 691 00 853 T2 a method for the production of gas turbine blades with a grinding tip is known. In this process, at least one binder coating on the tip of a blade body is deposited by electrodeposition in the particles of an abrasive material by composite electrodeposition. Electrodeposition, however, is a process which is associated with great technical effort. A particular disadvantage This method is the use of two sequential deposition processes, which are associated with great technical effort and thus high costs. In addition, the electrodeposition of thick layers is also associated with a lot of time. Furthermore, electrodeposition coatings are not as stable and of high quality as coatings produced by soldering or welding.

EP 0 686 229 B1 discloses a method for applying an abrasive layer to the end of a turbine blade. In this method, a metallic coating is first deposited by electrodeposition on the blade tips. After the electrical deposition of a second metallic coating, particles of an abrasive material are subsequently anchored to the second layer by composite deposition. Electrodeposition, however, is a process which involves a lot of technical effort. A particular disadvantage of this method is the use of two sequential deposition processes, which are associated with great technical complexity and thus high costs. In addition, the electrodeposition of thick layers is also associated with a lot of time. Furthermore, electrodeposition coatings are not as stable and of high quality as coatings produced by soldering or welding.

From DE 4 439 950 C2 a composite coating is furthermore known, which has distributed embedded hard material particles in a metallic matrix. The matrix is composed of an elec- trical solder containing titanium. The solder is formed by a multi-layer precoating on the base material, which consists of layers of the elementary components of the solder and / or the hard material particles. The composite coating is produced by melting the described solder on the base material. A disadvantage is that the loading of the component with hard material particles is associated here with high temperatures. In order for the hard particles to adhere to the component, the top layer of the solder must already melt before the hard particles are applied thereto. So this happens, the top layer of the solder must have the lowest melting temperature before the attachment of the hard particles. However, the production of a multilayer solder and the melting of the solder in the attachment of the hard material particles is also associated with great technical, energy and time.

US Pat. No. 5,359,770 discloses an abrasive coating and a method of making it, which enable the construction of a wear-resistant tip armor on turbine blades. In this case, a semi-rigid film consisting of a metal matrix and hard particles in a mold is made to match the turbine blade tip shape and positioned at the tip to be coated. In a vacuum heating process, the preformed film is then melted on the blade tip. Rapid cooling of the coated blade tip in the vacuum oven then maintains the microstructure and mechanical properties of the blade. In this process, however, the coating used must be prepared before the actual melting process, be present as a film and molded in a mold suitable for the component to be coated. A disadvantage is the time required for these preparations. If you also want to use other hard material particles or another matrix composition, a new coating must be prepared in advance.

US Pat. No. 6,811,898 B2 discloses an abrasive coating which contains hard material particles and a method for the production thereof. The abrasive coating is applied to the tip of a blade. In the process for producing the abrasive coating, a tape consisting of a plastic mixture containing a brazing alloy and a binder is placed on a component to be coated. Subsequently, this tape is treated with a liquid mixture containing hard particles. The hard material particles may be provided with a metallic sheathing. By taking place in a high vacuum local heating of the arranged and wetted with the liquid mixture tape is achieved that the binder evaporates and that the braze with the Hartstofφartikeln connects. This creates an abrasive coating on the surface of the blade tip. A disadvantage is that the hard material particles are mechanically applied to the tape together with a mixture. As a result, damage to the tape and the underlying component can not be excluded. In addition, it can not be ensured that the hard particles are evenly distributed on the surface. Furthermore, it can not be ruled out that some hard material particles form lumps. Both can lead to an undesirable, lower and above all irreproducible layer quality of the abrasive coating.

Furthermore, a method for producing an abrasive coating on a component is known from DE 21 15 358 C2. In the mentioned method, first two self-supporting tapes are produced. The first consists of a metallic matrix material and a binder and the second of an organic binder and the particles used. Both tapes are produced in a surface adapted to the component to be coated and this coated. The layers may have previously been combined with each other by nip rolls or by means of an adhesive. By heating the component with the deposited layers to a temperature above the solidification temperature of the metal or alloy, but below the solidification temperature of the particles, the binder decomposes and the particles disperse in the molten metallic matrix. The production of self-supporting tapes, which must first be formed and then pulled over a component, is associated with a great deal of technical effort. In particular, the preparation of a tape of an organic binder which additionally contains particles and is self-supporting, requires the use of large amounts of binder. In addition, the binder must finally evaporate completely in the heating process. This is associated with a high energy consumption and particularly costly measures for the disposal of process gases. From WO 2008/106935 Al a method and an apparatus for coating components of a gas turbine are known. Said method is used in particular for producing a protective layer on the component which consists of at least one solder foil or of a slurry layer which is connected to the corresponding component by means of an inductive high-temperature soldering process. Said device likewise serves in particular for producing a protective layer on the component and has at least one inductor for carrying out the inductive high-temperature soldering method, wherein at least one induction amplifier is arranged in the region of the solder foil or slurry layer between the inductor and the component with the solder foil or slurry layer. In this case, as a rule, the application of the hard material particles to the solder foil or slurry layer takes place in a complicated manual process, which is associated with a great expenditure of time.

The object of the invention is to provide a method for producing a wear-resistant coating on a component, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art. A further object of the invention is to provide a device for producing a wear-resistant coating on a component, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art. It is in particular the object of the present invention to provide a method for producing a wear-resistant coating on a component, for example for the top armor of compressor and turbine blades, on the one hand a high-quality, safe and durable coating of the components and on the other hand a simple, automatable and uniform Process control and high production rates possible. Another object of the invention is to provide a method which nonetheless reduces the necessary production time of such a coating and the amount of hard material particle necessary therefor.

This object is achieved by a method according to the features of patent claim 1 and a device according to the features of patent claim 25. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the respective subclaims.

In a method according to the invention for producing a wear-resistant coating on a component, at least the following steps are carried out: A solder layer is applied to the component and / or one or both surfaces of the solder layer are wetted at least partially with an adhesion promoter, wherein subsequently on the Component facing away from the surface hard material particles are applied by fluidized bed technology, which is then optionally dried, and wherein finally the resulting layer of solder, optionally adhesion promoter and hard particles is soldered to the component.

With the upward flow of a gas or a fluid through an accumulation of solid particles of matter creates a fluidized bed. In this case, the solid particles are placed in a state which is similar to the state of a fluid. A fluidized bed is ultimately a gas-solid suspension which has liquid-like properties. On the one hand, this technique results in a good mixing of the various particles and, on the other hand, in an increased probability that the complete surface of a component held in the gas-solid suspension experiences impacts with the solid particles used. In the case of an adhesive surface used in the process, it is thus achieved that the solid particles used adhere to the surface and that they are randomly distributed on this surface. By regulating the strength of the upward flow, the impact forces of the particles on the surface held in the fluidized bed can additionally be influenced, whereby the adhesion of the particles to the surface can be optimized and damage to the surface is avoided. In addition, the fluidized bed technology in the stationary state has the advantage of forming a particle bladder. This bubble has a clear limit and from the bubble formed only very few particles can be discharged. This leads to a sparing use of expensive because of the expensive manufacture of hard particles. Another The advantage is the fact that by switching off the upward flow, the bubble formed in the stationary state can be lowered in a controlled manner again. As a result, a vertical movement of the adhesive surfaces to be coated with the particles or the vertical movement of the fluidized bed holder itself is superfluous and can be replaced by simply inflating and then lowering the bladder. Thus, the attachment of a particle layer on the adhesive surface can be easily integrated into an automatable process. Another advantage is that it is highly probable that the complete surface held in the fluidized bed can experience the impact of particles. Thus, a complete or almost complete coverage of the surface to be coated is achieved. Thus, also a random layer of hard material particles is generated, which are statistically distributed.

In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the solder layer consists of a metal foil, which is obtained from the melt of a solder alloy. Optionally, this metallic foil is partially rolled. As a result, the layer thickness of the solder layer can be varied according to requirements without it having to be taken into account during the production of the melt.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the solder layer consists of a flexible band, which is composed at least of solder powder and binder. In a further advantageous embodiment of the inventive method, the flexible band consists of at least one binder and a mixture of solder powder and MCrAlY powder, where Y is silver, gold, copper, cobalt, iron, titanium, nickel, tungsten, tin, silicon, boron, Chromium, zinc and / or mixtures thereof may be. The flexibility of the band allows easy and gentle attachment to the components to be coated.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the solder layer consists of a slurry, which consists of a suspension of at least solder powder and binder. In a further advantageous embodiment of the According to the invention, the suspension consists of at least one binder and a mixture of solder powder and MCrAlY powder, wherein Y is silver, gold, copper, cobalt, iron, titanium, nickel, tungsten, tin, silicon, boron, chromium, zinc and / or mixtures can be the same. The use of a slip as a solder layer has the advantage of being particularly gentle when attached to the components. Another advantage is that the attachment of an adhesion promoter to fix the solder layer to the component and / or to allow the adhesion of the hard material particles to the surface can be omitted.

In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the solder consists of an alloy with at least one main component corresponding to the material to be coated, for example titanium or nickel. This allows better adhesion of the wear-resistant coating in the subsequent soldering process on the component.

In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, moreover, the solder may contain additional alloying elements, preferably silver, gold, copper, cobalt, iron, titanium, nickel, tungsten, tin, silicon, boron, chromium, zinc and / or mixtures thereof. By adding further elements, the solder composition can be selectively varied, so that among other things the soldering temperature of the solder can be influenced. As a result, for example, the soldering temperature of the solder and that of the component material can be kept similarly high. By a suitable choice, the later embedding of the hard material particles can be simplified at the same time.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the solder layer is brought into a form before its attachment to the component which is adapted to the surface of the component to be coated. As a result, a simpler and gentler attachment of the solder layer on the component is made possible, whereby a time-saving, for example, automated manufacturing process is made possible and at the same time damage to the attachment of the solder layer on the component can be avoided.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the solder layer is spot welded to the component to be coated, whereby the solder layer is fixed on the component, so that it is ensured in further manufacturing steps that the coating is soldered to the anticipated and to be coated surface.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the solder layer is arranged flat on the component to be coated, which ensures that between the component and solder layer no or only a small distance is present. This ensures that, after the subsequent soldering process, a high-quality connection between the component and the wear-resistant coating is produced. Another advantage in the case of a vacuum or protective atmosphere soldering process is that no gases are trapped between the solder layer and the component.

An advantageous development of the method provides to provide at least partially one or both surfaces of the solder layer with a bonding agent. This ensures that the used hard material particles of the fluidized bed adhere to the surface provided with adhesion promoter. On the other hand, a gentle fixing of the solder layer on the component can be achieved thereby.

In a further embodiment of the method, the adhesion promoter is preferably applied with a felt body to the corresponding surface or surfaces of the solder layer and / or sprayed onto the corresponding surface or surfaces of the solder layer. The use of a felt body for applying the adhesion promoter to the surface to be coated or the spraying of the adhesion promoter ensures that neither the surface of the solder layer nor that of the underlying component is damaged. This type of application of the adhesion promoter also makes it possible to achieve very thin adhesion promoter layer thicknesses. In other further embodiments, the Adhesive with a brush, rollers, stamp, tampon or by immersing the solder layer in a primer on the desired surface or surfaces of the solder layer applied. This type of application of the adhesion promoter can be integrated in a simple manner, for example in an automated process. As an alternative or complementary to this, it is of course also possible for the component surface to be applied to the solder layer on softer surfaces using similar methods, likewise with adhesion promoters. The attachment of the bonding agent can also be done both on the loose and on the already arranged on the component solder foil.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method, the layer thickness of the applied adhesion promoter is smaller than the mean diameter of the hard material particles used, thereby ensuring that the hard particles remain adhered to the surface to be coated, but are not completely embedded in the adhesion promoter. As a result, it is simultaneously achieved that the covering of the corresponding surface consists of only a few layers of hard material particles or quasi a monolayer of hard material particles.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the method, the hard material particles consist of carbide, nitride, oxide or mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred for their temperature resistance, oxidation resistance and high degree of hardness are (cubic) boron nitride, ceramic, titanium carbide, tungsten carbide, chromium carbide, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide and / or zirconium oxide or a mixture thereof. By choosing the material of the hard material particles, coatings having different wear properties are selectively produced. Thus, for example, the hardness of the coating can be varied for specific applications.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the hard material particles of different materials and / or with different diameters in a certain ratio to each other are used. By mixing of Hard material particles of different materials, which are randomly distributed on the surface to be coated, the wear properties of the coating can be selectively varied and the amount of a particularly expensive type of particle can be reduced. By varying the diameter of the hard material particles can be achieved at the same time that all hard material particles have approximately the same mass.

Yet another advantageous embodiment of the method provides to provide the hard material particles used with a sheath, which is adapted in their composition of the solder layer. As a result, for example, a better embedding of the hard material particles in the solder is achieved and a securely adhering Beschichrung of the component and a high layer quality allows. Particular preference is given to alloys which at least partially consist of cobalt, nickel, titanium or a mixture thereof.

In a further preferred embodiment of the method, the solder layer is soldered to the component. This happens, depending on the materials used under inert gas and / or in a vacuum oven and / or locally inductive. Local inductive soldering is a high-temperature soldering process, namely an inductive soldering process, which is carried out under a protective atmosphere, under vacuum conditions or under normal conditions. It is also a local heating process, in which an inductor and optionally an optional induction amplifier are arranged above the solder layer to be soldered and the component, wherein a simultaneous heating of the component in the region of the solder layer to be soldered and heating of the solder layer itself by means of the inductor generated heat energy occurs. This allows a cohesive bond to form between the solder layer and the component. By optionally using an induction amplifier, the temperature input into the solder layer and into the component can be influenced and controlled so that constant temperature conditions prevail in the component to be coated and in the solder layer, whereby high-quality, safe and durable coatings can be produced. In a further embodiment of the invention, the method is used to coat the blade tips of a turbomachine, in particular the blade tips of a turbine or a compressor. These components of a gas turbine or an aircraft drive are subject to increased wear and must meet the highest quality requirements.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the method according to the invention is used to coat a plurality of blades, which are arranged radially on a disk, which can move in a circle. In this case, the individual steps of the method are performed at certain positions of the circle, along the circumference. Alternatively, a blisk can also be coated here.

A device according to the invention for producing a wear-resistant coating on a component has a disk on which at least one component to be coated is arranged. The respective disc can be rotated about its axis, so that the components arranged on the disc, during the rotation of the disc about its axis, pass through a circular arc. At certain positions of the circumference of this circular arc, the respective method steps of the method according to the invention are performed on the component. In this case, it is possible to use a specific dividing vertex that is kept the same between the method steps or different dividing angles between the individual method steps. The inventive device simplifies and accelerates the serial coating of components. As an alternative to a corresponding disc, for example, a blisk can also be clamped.

In a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, a disk with at least one radially arranged component as a whole is replaced by a further disk, which likewise has at least one component arranged thereon. This will provide the necessary time for mounting the components to the disk reduced, since the assembly can be done in advance of the coating process, so that only the time for replacing the disc must be considered.

Use finds an o.g. Device or an o.g. Method especially in the manufacture, repair and coating of components of gas turbines or aircraft engines. In particular, in the blading of gas turbines arise due to the convex and concave profile curvature, the distortion and merging radii particularly great difficulties in applying suitable coatings. These difficulties can be overcome by a device according to the invention for producing a wear-resistant coating on a component and a corresponding method.

A preferred embodiment of the invention will be described in more detail below together with the figures.

Show it:

Fig.1: A schematic representation of the method according to the invention;

Fig. 2: A schematic representation of a device according to the invention.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the method according to the invention for producing a wear-resistant coating on a component. In a first method step 1, a solder layer is arranged and fixed on a component to be coated. In a second method step 2, the surface of the solder layer facing away from the component is at least partially wetted with an adhesion promoter. In a third process step 3, a monolayer of hard material particles is applied to the surface by fluidized bed technology. In a further method step 4, the surface is alternatively dried and, in a further method step 5, the resulting layer of the solder layer, the adhesion promoter and the hard material particles is soldered to the component or the resulting layer is composed from the solder layer, the bonding agent and the hard material particles without being dried before being soldered to the component.

Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of the device according to the invention for producing a wear-resistant coating on a component 6. In this case, consisting of a titanium alloy turbine blades 6 are arranged radially on a circular disc 8. The disc, or alternatively the blisk 8, is rotatable about its central axis 11, so that the turbine blades 6 arranged on the disc 8 can undergo a circular movement. At certain positions along the circumference thus passed, the various steps 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 of the method according to the invention are carried out. In the first method step 1, a solder layer 9 preformed for the blade 6, which consists of a titanium or nickel alloy, is arranged on the blade 6 and spot-welded to the blade 6. Subsequently, the disc 8 is rotated by a certain pitch angle, which in this example is 60 °, whereby the blade 6 is brought to the next process location. In the second method step 2, the surface of the blade 6 to be coated is wetted with a bonding agent 10. In this case, the bonding agent 10 is applied with a felt body.

After a further rotation of the holder 8 by the specified pitch angle, in this example 60 °, the thus prepared blade 6 is above a fluidized bed 14, which consists of floating CBN particles 7. The relative distance of the surface of the fluidized bed 14 to the surface of the blade 6 to be coated is selected such that the surface of the blade 6 provided with adhesion promoter 10 comes into contact with the hard material particles 7, which randomly spread and adhere to it randomly and one Train monolayer.

After another rotation of the holder 8 by the predetermined pitch angle, in this example 60 °, the blade 6 reaches the third process step 4, in which the surface of the blade 6 is dried by means of an air flow. Thereby Partially evaporates the solvent contained in the adhesion promoter 10, so that the hard particles 7 adhere to the surface.

After a further rotation of the holder 8 by the specified pitch angle, in this example 60 °, the ready-prepared layer of solder layer 9, bonding agent 10 and hard particles 7 is ready for soldering 5 with the blade 6. This is done by local inductive soldering using an inductor and optionally an optional induction amplifier, which is located at a small distance to the prepared surface and emits radiation heat in the region of the blade and the prepared layer. As a result, the solvent residues of the adhesion promoter 10 evaporate, and the solder layer 9 together with the CBN particles 7 enter into a cohesive connection with the blade 6. After a further rotation of the disc 8 by the predetermined pitch angle, in this example 60 °, and after a short cooling time, the blade 6 'is ready with finished hard material coating 15 for further use. The process can be carried out as a fully automated process.

The component to be coated may be, for example, a blade 6 'with a titanium alloy as the base material. The solder layer 9 used consists of a titanium alloy. After the application of adhesion promoter 10 on the blade tip, CBN particles 7 coated with a titanium alloy are applied to the surface with a fluidized bed 14 and dried. Subsequently, the solder layer 9 and the blade 6 are soldered together in a vacuum-taking, locally inductive Hochtemperaturlötprozess. The prevailing in the process chamber vacuum is, for example, about 10 ^"5 mbar.

The invention is not limited in its execution to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments. Rather, a number of variants is conceivable, which makes use of the claimed in the claims solution even in other types.

Claims

claims 1. A method for producing a wear-resistant coating on a component (6), in particular a gas turbine component, which has at least the following steps: Arranging (1) a solder layer (9) on a component to be coated (6); and or At least partial wetting (2) of one or both surface (s) of the Solder layer (9) with a bonding agent (10); Attachment (3) of hard material particles (7) on the surface of the solder layer facing away from the component by fluidized bed technology (14); Drying (4) the surface; and or Soldering (5) the resulting layer of solder layer (9), optionally Adhesive (10) and hard particles (7) with the component (6). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the applied hard material particles form a monolayer on the solder layer. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the solder layer (9) is a metal foil which has been obtained from the melt of a solder alloy. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the metal foil is at least partially rolled. 5. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the solder layer (9) is a flexible tape, which consists of at least a solder powder and a binder. 6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the solder layer (9) is a flexible tape, which consists of at least a binder and a mixture of solder powder and MCrAlY powder, where Y is silver, gold, copper, cobalt, iron, titanium, nickel, tungsten, tin, silicon, boron, chromium, zinc and / or mixtures thereof. 7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the solder layer (9) is a slurry, which consists of a suspension of at least solder powder and binder. 8. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the solder layer (9) is a slurry, which consists of a suspension of at least one binder and a mixture of solder powder and MCrAlY powder, wherein Y silver, gold, copper, cobalt, iron, Titanium, nickel, tungsten, tin, silicon, boron, chromium, zinc and / or mixtures thereof. 9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein in the composition of the solder at least one of the base materials of the component to be coated (6) is included. 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the solder further elements, preferably silver, gold, copper, cobalt, iron, titanium, nickel, tungsten, tin, silicon, boron, chromium, zinc and / or mixtures thereof. 11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the solder layer (9) has a shape to be coated to the component (6) adapted. 12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the solder layer (9) is connected by spot welding to the component to be coated (6). 13. The method according to 'one of the preceding claims, wherein the solder layer (9) on the component to be coated (6) is arranged flat. 14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein an adhesion promoter (10) on one or both surfaces (n) of the solder layer (9) is attached. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the adhesion promoter (10) is attached to the solder layer (9) with a felt. 16. The method according to claim 14, wherein the adhesion promoter (10) is sprayed onto the solder layer surface (6). 17. The method according to claim 14, wherein the adhesion promoter (10) is applied to the solder layer surface (6) with a brush, rollers, stamp, tampon or by dipping the solder layer (9) in a bonding agent. 18. The method of claim 14 to 17, wherein the layer thickness of the applied adhesion promoter (10) is smaller than the diameter of the hard material particles (7) used. 19. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hard material particles (7) consist of boron nitride, preferably of cubic boron nitride, ceramic, titanium carbide, tungsten carbide, chromium carbide, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide or zirconium oxide or a mixture thereof. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the used Hartstoffbartikel (7) consist of different materials and / or have different diameters. 21. The method according to claim 19 or 20, wherein the hard material particles (7) are coated. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the coating of the hard material particles (7) consists at least partially of cobalt, nickel, titanium or a mixture thereof. 23. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the soldering of the solder layer (9) with the component (6) under inert gas and / or in a vacuum furnace and / or takes place locally inductively. 24. Use of the method according to any one of the preceding claims on a blade tip of a turbine or a compressor. 25. An apparatus for producing a wear-resistant coating on a component (6), wherein at least one component (6) is arranged radially on a disc (8) which is rotatable about its axis (11), wherein along the passed circumference processing stations for arranging a solder layer, and / or for wetting one or both surfaces of the solder layer with adhesion promoter, a fluidized bed for applying hard material particles, a drying device for drying the surface and / or a soldering station for soldering the solder layer are provided with the component. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the disc (8) by another disc (8) is interchangeable. 27. The apparatus of claim 25 to 26, wherein on the disc (8) at least one component (6) is arranged.