WO2010071146A1 - オーステナイト系溶接材料ならびにそれを用いた応力腐食割れ予防保全方法および粒界腐食予防保全方法 - Google Patents
オーステナイト系溶接材料ならびにそれを用いた応力腐食割れ予防保全方法および粒界腐食予防保全方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/12—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
- C21D9/505—Cooling thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
- F16J12/00—Pressure vessels in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2251/00—Treating composite or clad material
- C21D2251/04—Welded or brazed overlays
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an austenitic welding material, a stress corrosion cracking preventive maintenance method and a grain boundary corrosion preventive maintenance method using the same.
- austenitic stainless steel equipment in nuclear power plants and the like welding materials suitable for welding pipes, etc.
- a method for preventive maintenance of stress corrosion cracks in the equipment, pipes and the like using this welding material and this welding
- the present invention relates to a method for preventing and maintaining intergranular corrosion of the devices, piping, etc. using materials.
- austenitic stainless steels such as SUS316L steel, SUS304 steel, and SUS347 steel are used as structural materials such as reactor pressure vessels and in-reactor structures and piping. . These structural materials are joined by welding, and intergranular corrosion or stress corrosion cracking may occur in the heat affected zone near the weld. It is known that stress corrosion cracking is a phenomenon that occurs when environment, stress, and material sensitization overlap.
- sensitization of austenitic stainless steel means that when the stainless steel is heated at 450 to 800 ° C. for a long time, solute carbon precipitates as chromium carbides at the grain boundaries, and near the grain boundaries. This refers to a phenomenon in which a region lacking solute chromium is formed, and as a result, the corrosion resistance of the steel material is lowered.
- the welded austenitic stainless steel material is sensitized at the weld heat affected zone from the weld toe to the base metal by heat input of welding.
- the water cooling method that reduces the sensitization on the pipe inner surface by cooling the inner surface of the pipe with water during welding and reduces the welding residual stress to the compression side
- there is a method of preventing stress corrosion cracking by cooling the tube inner surface while induction heating the outer surface of the tube to make the residual stress on the tube inner surface a compression side see, for example, Patent Document 8.
- Patent Document 8 since the residual stress on the outer surface of the tube is on the tension side, there is a problem that stress corrosion cracking from the outer surface side cannot be prevented in the reactor internal pipe that also contacts the cooling water on the outer surface.
- Patent Document 10 there is a method of simultaneously preventing stress corrosion cracking on the inner surface of the tube and the outer surface of the tube (Patent Document 10) as a countermeasure for the tube that has already been welded.
- a laser irradiation apparatus that forms a rapidly solidified structure on the surface of the processing target member and performs rapid solidification processing that reduces the residual stress on the outer surface or a solution heat treatment that reduces the residual stress on the outer surface together with the surface of the processing target member
- This is a method for preventive maintenance using
- this method there are cases where the residual stress on the outer surface of the welded portion cannot be sufficiently converted to the compression side due to changes in the laser irradiation output irradiated by the laser irradiation apparatus and the moving speed of the laser beam.
- a new sensitization region may be generated by the laser irradiation.
- this method is applied to a reactor internal pipe, helium (He) generated by a nuclear reaction is accumulated in the pipe when the pipe is subjected to high neutron irradiation during the operation of the reactor. And when big heat is applied to the welding part of piping, we are anxious about the crack by He occurring.
- He helium
- Patent Document 6 when stainless steel pipes are butt-welded, a molten and solidified layer is formed by melting or solidifying in a range of depth of 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm from the inner surface or outer surface of the base material. A method for preventing stress corrosion cracking is described. However, since this molten and solidified layer has the same chemical composition as that of the base material, the welded member is essentially inferior in stress corrosion cracking even after this method is applied.
- the conventional stress corrosion cracking prevention and repair methods are based on welding with a commercially available welding material in order to prevent the welded joint itself from being damaged, or the final layer of the welded joint is a commercially available stress corrosion cracking resistant alloy.
- a welded joint that includes a non-welded base metal that has been coated with, or that has been heat-affected by the welded joint itself, or that has been clad with a commercially available cladding alloy, or where the cladding region or cracks or other defects have been removed. It is only a method in which a part is re-welded with a commercially available welding alloy.
- the newly welded welding material itself is used during the long-term operation of the plant, particularly in the region of high electrochemical potential or in the region irradiated with high neutron flux, among the welded joint and its vicinity,
- a weld edge bead in which a commercial weld material is diluted with a substrate composition does not have sufficient stress corrosion cracking resistance to prevent cracking. Therefore, the conventional stress corrosion cracking prevention method and repair method have a problem that stress corrosion cracking recurs.
- JP 61-177325 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-29429 Japanese Patent Publication No.59-21711 JP 2000-312969 A JP 2001-138048 A Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-254776 JP 2001-124888 A JP-A-2-258190 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-77082 JP-A-8-5773
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and is a welding material that suppresses the occurrence and development of stress corrosion cracks in welded joints between austenitic stainless steel materials such as equipment and piping in nuclear power plants and the like.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing and maintaining stress corrosion cracking on the above-mentioned devices, piping, and the like using this welding material.
- One aspect of the present invention is: C: 0.01 wt% or less, Si: 0.5 wt% or less, Mn: 0.5 wt% or less, P: 0.005 wt% or less, S: 0.005 wt% or less, Ni: 15
- An austenitic welding material containing Fe and unavoidable impurities wherein the welding material contains up to 40 wt%, Cr: 20 to 30 wt%, N: 0.01 wt% or less, O: 0.01 wt% or less
- B contained in the inevitable impurities is 3 wtppm or less, and the total content of the C, P, S, N and O in the welding material is 0.02 wt% or less.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a stress corrosion cracking preventive maintenance method for a structure formed by welding an austenitic stainless steel material, and overlay welding the above-mentioned welding material on the surface of a weld heat affected zone of the structure.
- This is a stress corrosion cracking preventive maintenance method having a build-up welding step for forming a build-up weld.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a stress corrosion cracking preventive maintenance method for a structure in which at least a first austenitic stainless steel material and a second austenitic stainless steel material are welded together, and measures in the structure Separating the second austenitic stainless steel material to be replaced from the first austenitic stainless steel material and removing it from the structure, a groove surface of the countermeasure material, and the first austenitic stainless steel material A step of overlay welding the above-mentioned welding material to the groove surface, a groove surface weld-welded of the countermeasure material, and a groove surface weld-welded of the first austenitic stainless steel material And a step of welding and joining to each other.
- Another aspect of the present invention is an intergranular corrosion preventive maintenance method for an austenitic stainless steel structure that can be contacted by a corrosive fluid, the surface of the structure being in contact with the corrosive fluid,
- An intergranular corrosion preventive maintenance method comprising a step of forming a build-up weld by welding the above-mentioned welding material so as to prevent contact with the corrosive fluid.
- the present inventors first examined the influence of the boron (B) content added to the welding material (austenitic stainless steel) on the stress corrosion cracking resistance and intergranular corrosion resistance. did.
- the solid solubility limit of B in the austenitic stainless steel is estimated to be about 10 ppm, but even when the B content does not reach the solid solubility limit, significant improvement in grain boundary damage is achieved. It was found that B does not cause intergranular corrosion by forming a boride, but that B dissolved in the crystal grain boundary promotes intergranular corrosion.
- the present inventors also conducted stress corrosion cracking of welds that were subjected to multilayer prime welding in a high-temperature and high-pressure water environment subjected to neutron irradiation and in a boiling heat transfer surface corrosion environment of a high-concentration nitric acid solution containing highly oxidizing ions. And the factors of intergranular corrosion were investigated.
- the heat-affected zone welding heat-affected zone of the base metal
- heating such as rear bead welding is also performed in the overlay welding zone.
- Cr-based carbides precipitate at the grain boundaries and become sensitive to stress corrosion cracking and intergranular corrosion, as with the base metal.
- C 0.01 wt% or less
- Si 0.5 wt% or less
- Mn 0.5 wt% or less
- P 0.005 wt% or less
- S 0.005 wt% or less
- Ni 15 to 40 wt%
- Cr 20-30 wt%
- N 0.01 wt% or less
- O 0.01 wt% or less
- B contained as unavoidable impurities is 3 wtppm or less
- the existing austenitic welding material was used as the welding material for butt welding, and the existing welding material was used.
- the contact material it was found that remarkably improved stress corrosion cracking resistance and intergranular corrosion resistance of the weld joint. Based on this knowledge, the present invention has been completed.
- An austenitic welding material includes: C: 0.01 wt% or less; Si: 0.5 wt% or less; Mn: 0.5 wt% or less; P: 0.005 wt% or less; 005 wt% or less, Ni: 15 to 40 wt%, Cr: 20 to 30 wt%, N: 0.01 wt% or less, O: 0.01 wt% or less, and the balance consisting of Fe and inevitable impurities, the welding material B contained as an unavoidable impurity is 3 wtppm or less, and the total content of C, P, S, N and O in the welding material is 0.02 wt% or less.
- the metal structure of the welding material of the present embodiment mainly consists of an austenite structure at normal temperature and normal pressure (25 ° C., 1 atm).
- Austenitic welding materials with low impurity elements such as B and C (ie, highly purified) have a narrower liquid-solid phase temperature range than austenitic welding materials with high impurity elements.
- the thermal diffusion to the part is small. For this reason, when it welds using the welding material of this embodiment, the temperature rise of a base material can be restrained small, As a result, a welding heat affected zone, ie, a sensitization area
- the solidification of the welded portion is completed at an early stage, so that the thermal contraction of the welded portion with respect to the base material portion is large, and the welded portion is in a compressive residual stress state. Thereby, the stress corrosion cracking resistance can be further improved.
- the metal structure of the welding material of this embodiment consists only of an austenite structure.
- Carbon (C) is an element that precipitates Cr-based carbides at grain boundaries when heated. By this precipitation, a Cr-deficient region is generated in the vicinity of the carbide, and the nitric acid corrosion resistance and the stress corrosion cracking resistance at the grain boundaries are lowered. Therefore, it is desirable that the C content in the welding material is as low as possible. In consideration of industrial practicality such as a dissolution method, the C content is 0.01 wt% or less.
- Si 0.5 wt% or less
- Si is an element that improves the nitric acid resistance of the welding material when added to the welding material within a range of several wt%.
- the Si content in the welding material be as low as possible.
- a certain amount of Si is effective as an oxygen enrichment inhibitor for the molten metal pool. Therefore, the Si content is 0.5 wt% or less.
- Mn 0.5 wt% or less
- Manganese (Mn) is an element that increases the stability of the austenite phase and prevents the formation of ⁇ -ferrite that is harmful to corrosion resistance and the processing-induced transformation.
- Mn content in the welding material exceeds 0.5 wt%, the effect of preventing the formation of Mn ⁇ -ferrite and the processing-induced transformation is saturated.
- a large amount of Mn dissolved in the austenite phase promotes corrosion. Therefore, the Mn content is 0.5 wt% or less.
- Phosphorus (P) is known as an element that segregates at grain boundaries.
- P content in the welding material is increased, the stress corrosion cracking resistance and the intergranular corrosion resistance at the grain boundaries are lowered. For this reason, it is desirable that the P content is as low as possible.
- P content is 0.005 wt% or less.
- S 0.005 wt% or less
- Sulfur (S) is an element that forms sulfides in the welding material. Increasing the S content in the welding material promotes the formation of sulfides. As a result, the stress corrosion cracking resistance, intergranular corrosion resistance, and pitting corrosion resistance of the welding material are reduced by selective corrosion based on sulfide. For this reason, it is desirable that the S content be as low as possible. S content is 0.005 wt% or less.
- Nickel (Ni) is an element necessary for stabilizing the austenite structure of the welding material and suppressing stress corrosion cracking and intergranular corrosion.
- Ni content in the welding material is less than 15 wt%, the welding material cannot secure a sufficient austenite structure in the metal structure to suppress stress corrosion cracking and intergranular corrosion, Furthermore, it cannot obtain swelling resistance under neutron irradiation environment.
- the Ni content exceeds 40 wt%, the raw material cost of the welding material increases. Therefore, the Ni content is 15 to 40 wt%.
- Chromium (Cr) is an element necessary for forming a passive film on the surface of the welding material to ensure corrosion resistance.
- the Cr content in the welding material may be about 16 wt% as in SUS304 and SUS316 stainless steel, which are typical JIS standard stainless steels.
- SUS304 and SUS316 stainless steel which are typical JIS standard stainless steels.
- the Cr content needs to be at least 20 wt%.
- the Cr content exceeds 30 wt%, a Cr-rich embrittlement phase precipitates in the welding material.
- the Cr content is 20 to 30 wt%.
- N 0.01 wt% or less
- O 0.01 wt% or less
- Nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) are both elements that reduce stress corrosion cracking resistance and intergranular corrosion resistance. Therefore, it is desirable that the N content and the O content in the welding material be as low as possible. Both the N content and the O content are 0.01 wt% or less.
- B 3 wtppm or less Boron (B) in the welding material is basically an impurity element and segregates at the grain boundaries to reduce the stress corrosion cracking resistance and intergranular corrosion resistance. For this reason, it is desirable that the B content in the welding material is as low as possible.
- the B content in the welding material is one of the most important factors affecting the intergranular corrosion resistance and stress corrosion cracking resistance of the welding material of the present embodiment.
- the inventors have been able to find out the effect of an extremely small amount of B as in the present invention, largely due to the development of analytical equipment / technology and steelmaking technology.
- the limit of detection was about 2 wtppm, but the B content of 1 wtppm or less can be accurately analyzed by the GD-MS analysis method.
- the relationship with interfacial corrosion and stress corrosion cracking became clear.
- the conventional analysis technique could not discriminate a B content of 0.0003 wt% or less.
- the present inventors have clarified the relationship between the lower B content and the corrosion resistance by making full use of recent analysis techniques. As a result, when the B content is 0.0003 wt% or less, stress corrosion cracking and grains It was found that the field corrosion can be sufficiently suppressed.
- the B content is 3 wtppm (0.0003 wt%) or less, more preferably 1.5 wtppm or less.
- C + P + S + O + N 0.02 wt% or less. Even if each content of impurity elements C, P, S, O and N is individually limited as described above, the total content of these elements exceeds 0.02 wt% And the welding material does not show good stress corrosion cracking resistance and intergranular corrosion resistance. The effects of these elements on the grain boundaries (effects on stress corrosion cracking resistance and intergranular corrosion resistance) and the forms in which precipitates are generated are different. It is impossible to distinguish the existence state of elements individually. However, it is speculated that there is no doubt that the impurity elements segregated and dissolved in the grain boundaries will have an adverse effect. For this reason, it is desirable that the total of these contents is as small as possible. The total content of C, P, S, N and O in the welding material is 0.02 wt% or less.
- the Ti content is such that all of C, P, S, N, and O in the welding material are Ti-based carbides, phosphides, sulfides, nitrides such as TiC, FeTiP, TiS, TiN, TiO 2 by welding. It is preferable that it is more than the quantity required in order to precipitate in a weld metal as a thing, an oxide, and another compound.
- Ti content is Ti equivalent of C (content of titanium stoichiometrically equal to carbon contained in the welding material), Ti equivalent of P, Ti equivalent of S, Ti equivalent of N And the total of Ti equivalents of O and O are preferred. That is, it is preferable that the following formula (1) is satisfied.
- the Ti content is more preferably 0.05 wt% or more.
- the Ti content is preferably 0.3 wt% or less.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a stress corrosion cracking preventive maintenance method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a stress corrosion cracking preventive maintenance method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. Sectional drawing of the welded joint test material which shows typically the build-up welding part 1 formed by carrying out the build-up welding of the welding material of the said embodiment to the welding junction P of the side (furnace water side) which contact
- a sensitized part is formed at the weld heat affected zone 5 on both sides of the weld metal 4, and stress corrosion cracking may occur during service of the pipe.
- the build-up weld 1 is formed by overlay welding the welding material of the above embodiment on the surface of the reactor water. Since the build-up weld 1 covers the entire weld joint P including the weld heat affected zone 5, it is possible to effectively prevent the occurrence of stress corrosion cracking in the pipe and its progress.
- the stress corrosion cracking preventive maintenance method of the present embodiment it is possible to effectively prevent the occurrence and development of stress corrosion cracks and the like in the weld joint P of the pipe used in the nuclear reactor plant.
- FIG. 2 is a view for explaining a stress corrosion cracking preventive maintenance method according to another embodiment of the present invention, and is a cross-sectional view schematically showing pipes 21 and 31 welded with the welding material of the above embodiment. It is.
- FIG. 2 (a) shows an example of intergranular corrosion or intergranular stress corrosion cracking after austenitic stainless steel pipes such as SUS304 steel pipes (tubes 13 and 14) are welded and jointed and exposed to reactor water in the reactor. It is sectional drawing which shows typically the condition where the defect part was removed, repair welding was carried out, and the build-up welding was carried out with the welding material of the said embodiment, when the defect of this was discovered.
- the defect existing in the welded joint P is removed, and repair welding is performed using the same Y308 as in butt welding (the repaired part 10).
- Overlay welding is performed with the welding material of the above-described embodiment so as to cover a certain heat-affected zone 5, weld metal 4, repair zone 10, and new heat-affected zone 12. That is, both the heat affected zone 5 and the new heat affected zone 12 of the weld joint P are covered with the weld overlay 1 by overlay welding of the welding material of the above embodiment.
- FIG. 2B shows that the pipe 13 (austenitic stainless steel pipe) shown in FIG. 2A is exposed to reactor water in the nuclear reactor, and the pipe 13 is subjected to intergranular corrosion or intergranular stress corrosion cracking. It is sectional drawing which shows typically the condition which replaced the said pipe material 13 with the countermeasure material 15 when the defect of this is discovered.
- the pipe material 13 that is the second austenitic stainless steel material and the pipe material 14 that is the first austenitic stainless steel material joined thereto are separated.
- a countermeasure material 15 (pipe material) of the same material (SUS304 steel) is prepared instead of the pipe material 13 in which the defect is found, and the groove surface 15a of the countermeasure material 15 and the pipe surfaces 15b and 15c in the vicinity thereof are provided with the above-mentioned
- the welding material of the embodiment is overlay welded.
- overlay welding of the welding material of the said embodiment is carried out also on the groove surface 14a of the pipe material 14, and the pipe surfaces 14b and 14c of the vicinity.
- the countermeasure material 15 and the pipe material 14 are butt welded with the welding material Y308.
- the tube surface 15b and the tube surface 14b are surfaces on the reactor water side of the countermeasure material 15 and the tube material 14, respectively.
- the tube surface 15c and the tube surface 14c are respectively the reactor water side of the countermeasure material 15 and the tube material 14 on the reactor water side. Is the opposite side.
- tube by the welding material of the said embodiment is larger on the reactor water side.
- the welding material of the above-described embodiment Prior to butt welding the countermeasure material 15 and the pipe material 14, the welding material of the above-described embodiment is build-up welded to the groove surface. Therefore, at the time of butt welding, the countermeasure material 15 and the pipe material 14 generated by butt welding are sensitized. Is suppressed. Therefore, the occurrence and development of stress corrosion cracking can be effectively prevented.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the intergranular corrosion preventive maintenance method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3A is formed by overlay welding the welding material of the above embodiment on the surface (liquid contact surface) where the corrosive fluid (nitric acid solution) contacts in the structure 17 made of SUS304 steel. It is sectional drawing which shows the build-up welding part 1.
- FIG. The structure 17 which is a structure formed by welding austenitic stainless steel is used in a boiling heat transfer surface corrosion environment of a highly concentrated nitric acid solution containing highly oxidizable metal ions in a spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant. This is an austenitic stainless steel structure.
- the overlay welding part 1 is carried out by carrying out the overlay welding of the welding material of the said embodiment to the whole surface by the side of the nitric acid solution of the structure 17 wetted. Is forming. Since the build-up weld 1 prevents the nitric acid solution from coming into direct contact with the liquid contact surface of the structure 17, intergranular corrosion of the structure 17 can be effectively prevented.
- FIG. 3 (b) shows a surface (wet contact side) on the side (wet contact side) where the corrosive fluid (nitric acid solution) comes in contact with the vicinity of the weld joint P in the structure formed by welding the SUS304 steel materials 18 and 19.
- It is sectional drawing which shows the build-up welding part 1 formed by carrying out overlay welding of the welding material of the said embodiment.
- the above structure which is a structure formed by welding austenitic stainless steel, is used in a spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant to boil a high concentration nitric acid solution containing highly oxidizable metal ions.
- This is an austenitic stainless steel structure used in a hot surface corrosive environment.
- the welding material of the above embodiment covers the weld metal 4 on the liquid contact side, the heat affected zone 5 and the vicinity thereof in contact with the nitric acid solution of the structure.
- Overlay welding That is, one surface (surface on the liquid contact side) of the weld joint P is covered with the overlay weld 1 by overlay welding of the welding material of the above embodiment. Since the build-up weld 1 prevents the nitric acid solution from coming into direct contact with the wetted surface of the weld joint P of the structure, the intergranular corrosion of the weld joint P is effective. Can be prevented.
- the heat-affected zone is not displayed for the base metal welded with the welding material 1 of the above embodiment.
- the welding material 1 of the above embodiment has a sufficiently low content of impurity elements such as B and C (that is, it is highly purified), so that the liquid phase-solid phase coexistence temperature.
- the area is narrow and the thermal diffusion to the edge of the weld overlay is small. Therefore, the temperature rise of the base material can be kept small, and as a result, the heat-affected zone, that is, the sensitized region is very narrow.
- the case where the build-up weld 1 is formed on the whole surface of the weld joint P on the reactor water side is exemplified. It may be formed by overlay welding so as to include at least a weld heat affected zone (sensitized zone) in the weld joint P where intergranular corrosion is most likely to occur.
- the case where a commercially available Y308 is used as a welding material for butt welding is exemplified.
- a welding material for butt welding a welding material for other austenitic stainless steel materials is used. It may be used. It is more preferable to use the welding material according to the present invention.
- the weld metal 4 exhibits sufficient stress corrosion cracking resistance. Therefore, if only the welding heat affected zone 5 and the vicinity thereof are overlay welded with the welding material according to the present invention. Good.
- the case where the build-up weld 1 is formed only at the weld joint P on the side in contact with the reactor water (reactor water side) is exemplified.
- the build-up weld 1 may be formed at the joint P, or the build-up weld 1 may be formed on both sides.
- the case where repair welding is performed using Y308 which is an existing welding material is exemplified, but the welding material according to the present invention is used as the welding material of the repair portion 10. May be. Thereby, generation
- an existing welding material other than Y308 may be used as a welding material for butt welding between the pipe material 13 and the pipe material 14, or the welding material according to the present invention is used. May be.
- SUS304 steel is used as a countermeasure material, but other austenitic stainless steel materials such as SUS316 steel and SUS316L steel may be used.
- Y308 which is an existing welding material
- Y308 is used as a welding material for butt welding
- Other existing welding materials may be used, or the welding material according to the present invention may be used.
- the welding material which concerns on this invention is used, since the intergranular corrosion resistance of the weld metal 16 part itself and stress corrosion cracking resistance improve, it is preferable.
- the structure 17 is exemplified as a structure formed by welding an austenitic stainless steel material, but the structure formed by welding an austenitic stainless steel material, For example, it may be a reactor internal pipe.
- Welding material No. A to L were prepared as follows. First, welding material No. Each ingot was obtained by vacuum induction melting (VIM) of each of 150 kg of steel materials, which are raw materials of A to L, and casting into a mold in vacuum. Next, the respective electrodes were cut out from the respective ingots, and electron beam remelting (EB) was applied to the respective electrodes to obtain respective cylindrical ingots. Furthermore, a 2.4 mm ⁇ filler rod was obtained by forging and drawing each cylindrical ingot. Table 1 shows welding material nos. The chemical composition of A to L is shown. The units of each element in Table 1 are all weight percentages (wt%) except for B weight parts per million (wt ppm).
- the welding material No. A to C, G and H have a C content of 0.01 wt% or less, an Si content of 0.5 wt% or less, an Mn content of 0.5 wt% or less, a P content of 0.005 wt% or less, S Content is 0.005 wt% or less, Ni content is 15 to 40 wt%, Cr content is 20 to 30 wt%, N content is 0.01 wt% or less, O content is 0.01 wt% or less, B content Is an austenitic welding material (example of the present invention) according to the present invention in which the total content of C, P, S, N and O is 0.02 wt% or less.
- a D is a comparative example in which the B content exceeds 3 wtppm.
- Welding material No. E is a comparative example in which the Ni content is less than 20 wt% and the Cr content is less than 20 wt%.
- Welding material No. F is a comparative example in which the Cr content exceeds 30 wt%.
- Welding material No. I is a comparative example in which the C content exceeds 0.01 wt%.
- Welding material No. J is a comparative example in which the Si content exceeds 0.5 wt%.
- Welding material No. K is a comparative example in which the Mn content exceeds 0.5 wt%.
- L is a comparative example in which the P content exceeds 0.005 wt% and the S content exceeds 0.005 wt%.
- the welding material No. I, K and L are comparative examples in which the total content of C, P, S, N and O also exceeds 0.02 wt%.
- CBB test (Crevice corrosion stress cracking test (CBB test)) A CBB test simulating the stress corrosion environment on the inner surface of the piping inside the reactor was performed as follows.
- test materials for welded joints for overlay welding of A to L were prepared. Specifically, SUS304 steel plates of 12 mm thickness x 100 mm width x 300 mm length are butted together, using Y308 as a welding material, and performing TIG welding of an Ar gas shield at a flow rate of 20 liters / min. A welded joint test material was obtained.
- the TIG welding conditions were a wire diameter of 2.4 mm, a welding current of 180 A, a welding voltage of 9 V, a welding speed of 100 mm / min, and a wire supply rate of 100 cm / min.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a welded joint test material 11 obtained by overlay welding the butt welds of a plate material 2 and a plate material 3 with an austenitic welding material 1.
- the inner surface of the piping inside the nuclear reactor is simulated, the heat affected zone 5 on the back bead side (reactor water side) of the weld joint P of the weld joint test material 11 and the weld metal 4 (Y308).
- Overlay welding was performed with the austenitic welding material 1 so as to cover the heat-affected zone 5 and the weld metal 4 so as not to directly contact the reactor water.
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a jig used in the CBB test.
- the CBB test piece 6 is set between the holders 8 together with the graphite fiber wool 7 for providing a gap in the CBB test piece 6, and sandwiched bolts are inserted into the holes 9 at both ends of the holder 8.
- the CBB test piece 6 was tightened so as to be rounded. As shown in FIG. 4, among the holders 8, the upper holder has a concave portion that is curved to 100R, and the lower holder has a convex portion that is curved to 100R at the center in the longitudinal direction. Further, the CBB test piece 6 attached to the jig was immersed in high-temperature high-pressure water (saturated oxygen concentration 8 wtppm, 70 kgf / cm 2 , 290 ° C.) in an autoclave for 500 hours. After the immersion, the CBB test piece 6 was removed from the jig, and the crack occurrence state was evaluated from the cross-sectional observation of the CBB test piece 6 according to the following criteria.
- saturated oxygen concentration 8 wtppm saturated oxygen concentration 8 wtppm, 70 kgf / cm 2 , 290 ° C.
- ⁇ The maximum crack depth is less than 15 ⁇ m, and the CBB test is passed.
- X The maximum crack depth is 15 ⁇ m or more, and the CBB test is rejected.
- Coriou corrosion test Welding material No.
- a Corio corrosion test simulating the intergranular corrosion state in a high-concentration boiling nitric acid solution containing highly oxidizing metal ions was performed on A to L as follows. Each welding material is immersed in 500 ml of 8N boiling nitric acid solution containing 1.0 g / L of Cr 6+ ions. Then, 4 batches are performed with 24 hours as one batch while renewing the liquid. After completion of the fourth batch, the welding material was removed from the solution and the corrosion rate was evaluated by measuring the corrosion weight loss.
- Table 2 shows the results of the CBB test and the Corio test.
- the row of “None” is the test result when the welded joint test material 11 shown in FIG. 1 is not overlay welded with the welding material 1 (comparative example).
- the welding material according to the present invention as the welding material 1 (austenite welding material), the intergranular corrosion of the weld welded portion can be suppressed as compared with the case where the other welding material 1 is used. It can be seen that stress corrosion cracking is sufficiently suppressed.
- the welding material No. When A is used, the welding material No. From the comparison of Corio corrosion test results when H is used, the intergranular corrosion resistance is improved by setting the Ti content in the welding material to be equal to or greater than the total of Ti equivalents of C, P, S, N and O. I understand that.
- these impurity elements that cause intergranular corrosion are segregated at the grain boundaries.
- A is used, these impurity elements are precipitated in the deposited metal as Ti-based carbides and other compounds such as TiC, FeTiP, TiS, TiN, and TiO 2 , and these impurity elements are rendered harmless. This is presumed to be because of
- one aspect of the present invention is that C: 0.01 wt% or less, Si: 0.5 wt% or less, Mn: 0.5 wt% or less, P: 0.005 wt% or less, S: 0 0.005 wt% or less, Ni: 15 to 40 wt%, Cr: 20 to 30 wt%, N: 0.01 wt% or less, O: 0.01 wt% or less, with the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities B which is contained in the welding material as the inevitable impurity is 3 wtppm or less, and the total content of the C, P, S, N and O in the welding material is 0.02 wt% It is the following welding material.
- the welding material (austenitic stainless steel welding material) has a small content of impurity elements that segregate at the grain boundaries and lower the grain boundary binding energy.
- the B content of the welding material is 3 wtppm or less. Therefore, it is possible to suppress intergranular corrosion of a weld metal (or weld metal formed by overlay welding) formed by welding using the welding material and sufficiently suppress stress corrosion cracking. .
- the C content is 0.01 wt% or less, the precipitation of Cr-based carbides can be suppressed.
- the Si content is 0.5 wt% or less, intergranular corrosion can be suppressed.
- the Mn content is 0.5 wt% or less, corrosion due to the formation of ⁇ -ferrite can be suppressed.
- the P content is 0.005 wt% or less, the P grain boundary segregation is suppressed, and the decrease in intergranular corrosion resistance and stress corrosion cracking resistance can be suppressed.
- S content is 0.005 wt% or less, the production
- the Ni content is 15 wt% or more, the metal structure of the weld material and the weld metal formed by welding with the weld material (and the weld metal formed by overlay welding with the weld metal) is stabilized in the austenite structure. Thus, intergranular corrosion and stress corrosion cracking can be suppressed. On the other hand, since the Ni content is 40 wt% or less, the cost can be reduced.
- the Cr content is 20 wt% or more, for example, boiling heat transfer of a high-concentration nitric acid solution containing high oxidizing ions in a high-temperature high-pressure underwater environment that receives neutron irradiation such as a light water reactor core or a reprocessing plant
- the weld metal formed by welding with the welding material (and the weld metal formed by overlay welding with the welding material) in a passive state corrosion environment due to surface corrosion should ensure sufficient corrosion resistance. it can.
- the Cr content is 30 wt% or less, the precipitation of the Cr-rich embrittlement phase can be suppressed.
- the N content and the O content are each 0.01 wt% or less, and the total of the C content, the P content, the S content, the N content, and the O content is 0.02 wt% or less. Therefore, it is possible to suppress a decrease in grain boundary binding energy due to segregation of these elements at the grain boundaries.
- the weld metal formed by welding with the welding material according to the present invention (and the weld metal formed by overlay welding with the weld material) has good intergranular corrosion resistance and stress corrosion cracking resistance. Show.
- the welding material according to the present invention is an austenitic welding material having a low content of impurity elements, when welding is performed using this, the temperature rise of the base metal is suppressed to a small level, and the weld heat affected zone, that is, the sharpness.
- the weld zone can be narrowed, and the solidification of the weld is completed early and the residual stress in the weld becomes compressed, so that not only the weld metal and weld metal but also the weld joint has good grain boundaries. Shows corrosion resistance and stress corrosion cracking resistance.
- the welding material according to the present invention by welding the equipment and piping in a nuclear power plant using the welding material according to the present invention, it is possible to effectively prevent the occurrence and development of stress corrosion cracking in the weld metal and the weld heat affected zone. be able to.
- overlay welding is performed on welded joints such as the above-mentioned devices and pipes, thereby effectively preventing the occurrence and development of stress corrosion cracks in the weld metal and the heat-affected zone. can do.
- the welding material according to the present invention further contains Ti, and the contents of Ti, C, P, S, N and O in the welding material preferably satisfy the above formula (1).
- C, P, S, N, and O which are impurity elements that cause intergranular corrosion, are converted into Ti-based carbides, phosphides, sulfides such as TiC, FeTiP, TiS, TiN, and TiO 2.
- nitride, oxide or other compound it can be deposited in the weld metal to render it harmless especially against intergranular corrosion among stress corrosion cracking and intergranular corrosion.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a stress corrosion cracking preventive maintenance method for a structure formed by welding an austenitic stainless steel material, and overlay welding the above-mentioned welding material on the surface of a weld heat affected zone of the structure.
- This is a stress corrosion cracking preventive maintenance method having a build-up welding step for forming a build-up weld.
- the stress corrosion cracking preventive maintenance method further includes a repair welding step of removing and repairing a defect existing in the weld joint before the build-up welding step, and in the build-up welding step It is preferable that overlay welding is performed with the welding material so that the weld joint is covered with the overlay weld.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a stress corrosion cracking preventive maintenance method for a structure in which at least a first austenitic stainless steel material and a second austenitic stainless steel material are welded together, and measures in the structure Separating the second austenitic stainless steel material to be replaced from the first austenitic stainless steel material and removing it from the structure, a groove surface of the countermeasure material, and the first austenitic stainless steel material A step of overlay welding the above-mentioned welding material to the groove surface, a groove surface weld-welded of the countermeasure material, and a groove surface weld-welded of the first austenitic stainless steel material And a step of welding and joining to each other.
- the welding material before welding the countermeasure material and the first austenitic stainless steel material, the welding material is welded to the groove surface of the countermeasure material and the groove surface of the first austenitic stainless steel material.
- Another aspect of the present invention is an intergranular corrosion preventive maintenance method for an austenitic stainless steel structure that can be contacted by a corrosive fluid, the surface of the structure being in contact with the corrosive fluid,
- An intergranular corrosion preventive maintenance method comprising a step of forming a build-up weld by welding the above-mentioned welding material so as to prevent contact with the corrosive fluid.
- the build-up weld prevents direct contact with corrosive fluid structures (for example, austenitic stainless steel structures and piping), effectively preventing intergranular corrosion of the structure. can do.
- corrosive fluid structures for example, austenitic stainless steel structures and piping
- the structure is a structure formed by welding an austenitic stainless steel material, and one surface of a welded joint portion of the structure can contact the corrosive fluid. It may be a surface.
- the build-up welded portion prevents direct contact of the corrosive fluid with the welded joint, so that intergranular corrosion of the welded joint can be effectively prevented.
- the stress corrosion cracking resistance and intergranular corrosion resistance at the weld metal and the heat-affected zone in the welded structure can be improved.
- the austenitic welding material according to the present invention as a welding material for equipment, piping, etc. in a nuclear power plant or the like, the occurrence and development of stress corrosion cracking of the weld metal and the heat affected zone Can be effectively prevented.
- the welded joint portion of the welded structure is subjected to overlay welding using the austenitic welding material according to the present invention to further improve the stress corrosion cracking resistance and intergranular corrosion resistance at the weld metal and the heat affected zone. be able to.
- the stress corrosion cracking preventive maintenance method according to the present invention to a welded structure, stress corrosion cracking of the welded structure can be prevented more reliably than before.
- intergranular corrosion preventive maintenance method according to the present invention to a welded structure, intergranular corrosion of the welded structure can be prevented more reliably than before.
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Abstract
Description
本発明に係る一実施形態のオーステナイト系溶接材料は、C:0.01wt%以下、Si:0.5wt%以下、Mn:0.5wt%以下、P:0.005wt%以下、S:0.005wt%以下、Ni:15~40wt%、Cr:20~30wt%、N:0.01wt%以下、O:0.01wt%以下を含有し、残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物からなり、当該溶接材料に不可避的不純物として含まれるBが3wtppm以下であり、かつ、当該溶接材料中のC、P、S、NおよびOの含有量の合計が0.02wt%以下である。
本実施形態の溶接材料の金属組織は、常温・常圧(25℃、1気圧)において、主にオーステナイト組織からなる。BやCなどの不純物元素の少ない(すなわち高純度化された)オーステナイト系溶接材料は、不純物元素の多いオーステナイト系溶接材料と比べて液相-固相共存温度域が狭いので、溶接部端縁部への熱拡散が小さい。このため、本実施形態の溶接材料を用いて溶接した場合には母材の温度上昇を小さく抑えることができ、結果として、溶接熱影響部すなわち鋭敏化領域を狭くすることができる。さらに、本実施形態の溶接材料を用いて溶接した場合には溶接部の凝固が早期に完了するため、母材部分に対する溶接部の熱収縮が大きく、当該溶接部は圧縮残留応力状態となる。これにより、耐応力腐食割れ性をより向上させることができる。なお、本実施形態の溶接材料の金属組織は、オーステナイト組織のみからなることが好ましい。
次に、本実施形態のオーステナイト系溶接材料の成分を定めた理由を以下に説明する。
炭素(C)は、加熱された際に結晶粒界にCr系の炭化物を析出させる元素である。この析出により、炭化物の近傍にCrの欠乏した領域が生成され、粒界での耐硝酸腐食性および耐応力腐食割れ性が低下する。したがって、溶接材料中のC含有量は極力低いことが望ましい。溶解法などの工業的実用性を考慮して、C含有量は0.01wt%以下である。
珪素(Si)は、溶接材料中に数wt%の範囲内で添加したときに、溶接材料の耐硝酸性を向上させる元素である。しかし、粒界損傷を抑制する観点から、溶接材料中のSi含有量はできるだけ低い方が望ましい。一方、一定量のSiは溶湯プールの酸素富化抑制剤として有効である。したがって、Si含有量は0.5wt%以下である。
マンガン(Mn)は、オーステナイト相安定度を高めて耐食性に有害なδ-フェライトの生成および加工誘起変態を防止する元素である。しかしながら、溶接材料中のMn含有量が0.5wt%を超えると、Mnのδ-フェライトの生成および加工誘起変態の防止効果は飽和する。そして、オーステナイト相に固溶した多量のMnはかえって腐食を促進する。したがって、Mn含有量は0.5wt%以下である。
リン(P)は、粒界偏析する元素として知られている。溶接材料中のP含有量を増加させると、粒界での耐応力腐食割れ性および耐粒界腐食性が低下する。このため、P含有量はできるだけ低い方が望ましい。P含有量は0.005wt%以下である。
硫黄(S)は溶接材料中に硫化物を形成する元素である。溶接材料中のS含有量を増加させると、硫化物の生成が促進される。その結果、硫化物を基点とする選択的な腐食により、溶接材料の耐応力腐食割れ性および耐粒界腐食性、さらに耐孔食性が低下する。このため、S含有量はできるだけ低い方が望ましい。S含有量は0.005wt%以下である。
ニッケル(Ni)は、溶接材料のオーステナイト組織を安定させ、また応力腐食割れおよび粒界腐食を抑制するために必要な元素である。しかしながら、溶接材料中のNi含有量が15wt%未満では、溶接材料は金属組織中に応力腐食割れ性および粒界腐食性を抑制するのに十分な量のオーステナイト組織を確保することができず、さらに中性子照射環境下での耐スェリング性を得ることができない。一方、Ni含有量が40wt%を越えると、溶接材料の原料コストが上昇する。したがって、Ni含有量は15~40wt%である。
クロム(Cr)は、溶接材料の表面に不働態皮膜を形成して耐食性を確保するために必要な元素である。不働態皮膜形成の観点から、溶接材料中のCr含有量はJIS規格の代表的ステンレス鋼であるSUS304やSUS316系ステンレス鋼のように16wt%程度でよい。しかしながら、軽水炉炉心のように中性子照射を受ける高温高圧水中環境下において、そして、再処理プラントのように高酸化性イオンを含む高濃度硝酸溶液の沸騰伝熱面腐食での過不働態腐食環境下において、溶接材料が十分な耐食性を確保するにはCr含有量は少なくとも20wt%であることが必要である。一方、Cr含有量が30wt%を越えると、溶接材料中にCrリッチの脆化相が析出する。この脆化相の析出を避けて溶接材料を完全オーステナイト組織にするには、Ni含有量を増加する必要があるが、溶接材料の原料コストの上昇を招く。したがって、Cr含有量は20~30wt%である。
O:0.01wt%以下
窒素(N)および酸素(O)は、いずれも耐応力腐食割れ性および耐粒界腐食性を低下させる元素である。そのため、溶接材料中のN含有量およびO含有量はできるだけ低い方が望ましい。N含有量およびO含有量はいずれも0.01wt%以下である。
溶接材料中の硼素(B)は、基本的に不純物元素であり、粒界に偏析して耐応力腐食割れ性および耐粒界腐食性を低下させる。このため、溶接材料中のB含有量は極力低いことが望ましい。
不純物元素であるC、P、S、OおよびNの各含有量を上記のように個々に限定しても、これら元素の含有量の合計が0.02wt%を超えると、溶接材料は良好な耐応力腐食割れ性および耐粒界腐食性を示さない。これら元素の結晶粒界への作用(耐応力腐食割れ性および耐粒界腐食性への影響)ならびに析出物を生成する場合の形態はそれぞれ異なるが、現在の分析・解析技術では、微量なこれら元素の存在状態を個々に区別することは不可能である。しかしながら、結晶粒界に偏析・固溶している不純物元素が悪影響をもたらすことは間違いないと推察する。このため、これら含有量の合計はできるだけ小さい方が望ましい。溶接材料中のC、P、S、NおよびOの含有量の合計は0.02wt%以下である。
結晶粒界に偏析しやすいC、P、S、N、およびOなどの不純物元素は極力少ない方が好ましいが、現在の精錬技術ではこれら不純物元素を完全に除去することは困難であり、また経済的ではない。本実施形態の溶接材料の製造に際して、鋼塊段階においてC、P、S、N、Oなどの不純物元素の含有量は既に極めて低いレベルになっている。しかし、本発明者らは、商業ベースでの溶解法で除去しきれない微量の不純物元素が粒界腐食に悪影響をおよぼすことを見出した。
本発明に係る一実施形態の応力腐食割れ予防保全方法について、図1を参照して説明する。図1は、本発明に係る一実施形態の応力腐食割れ予防保全方法について説明するための図であり、原子炉プラントに用いられるSUS304鋼製(オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼製)の配管の溶接に際し、原子炉水と接する側(炉水側)の溶接接合部Pに、上記実施形態の溶接材料を肉盛溶接することで形成された肉盛溶接部1を模式的に示す溶接継手試験材の断面図である。
図3は、本発明に係る粒界腐食予防保全方法について説明するための図である。
溶接材料No.A~Lを次のように作製した。まず、溶接材料No.A~Lの原料である鋼材各150kgを、それぞれ真空誘導溶解(VIM)して真空中で金型に鋳込むことで、各鋳塊を得た。次に、各鋳塊から電極をそれぞれ削りだし、各電極に電子ビーム再溶解(EB)をそれぞれ施すことで、各円柱鋳塊を得た。さらに、各円柱鋳塊をそれぞれ鍛造および線引き加工することで2.4mmφの溶加棒を得た。表1に溶接材料No.A~Lの化学組成を示す。表1中の各元素の単位は、Bの重量百万分率(wtppm)を除き、すべて重量百分率(wt%)である。
原子炉内部の配管の内面での応力腐食環境を模擬したCBB試験を次のように行った。
×:最大割れ深さが15μm以上であり、CBB試験不合格。
溶接材料No.A~Lに対して、高酸化性の金属イオンを含有する高濃度沸騰硝酸溶液中での粒界腐食状況を模擬したCoriou腐食試験を次のように行った。溶接材料ごとに、Cr6+イオンを1.0g/L添加した500mlの8規定沸騰硝酸溶液へ浸漬する。そして、液を更新しながら24時間を1バッチとして4バッチ行う。第4バッチの終了後に、溶接材料を上記溶液から取出し、腐食減量を測定して腐食速度を評価した。
Claims (7)
- C:0.01wt%以下、Si:0.5wt%以下、Mn:0.5wt%以下、P:0.005wt%以下、S:0.005wt%以下、Ni:15~40wt%、Cr:20~30wt%、N:0.01wt%以下、O:0.01wt%以下を含有し、残部はFeおよび不可避的不純物からなるオーステナイト系溶接材料であって、
前記溶接材料に前記不可避的不純物として含まれるBが3wtppm以下であり、かつ、前記溶接材料中の前記C、P、S、NおよびOの含有量の合計が0.02wt%以下である溶接材料。 - オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼材を溶接してなる構造体の応力腐食割れ予防保全方法であって、
前記構造体の溶接熱影響部の表面に請求項1または2に記載の溶接材料を肉盛溶接することにより肉盛溶接部を形成する肉盛溶接ステップを有する、応力腐食割れ予防保全方法。 - 前記肉盛溶接ステップの前に、溶接接合部に存在する欠陥部を除去して補修溶接する補修溶接ステップをさらに有し、
前記肉盛溶接ステップにおいて、前記溶接接合部が前記肉盛溶接部で覆われるように前記溶接材料で肉盛溶接する、請求項3に記載の応力腐食割れ予防保全方法。 - 少なくとも第1のオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼材と第2のオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼材とが溶接接合されてなる構造体の応力腐食割れ予防保全方法であって、
前記構造体中の対策材へ取り替えられる前記第2のオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼材を、前記第1のオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼材から分離して前記構造体から取り外すステップと、
前記対策材の開先面および前記第1のオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼材の開先面に対して、請求項1または2に記載の溶接材料を肉盛溶接するステップと、
前記対策材の肉盛溶接された開先面と前記第1のオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼材の肉盛溶接された開先面とを溶接接合するステップとを有する、応力腐食割れ予防保全方法。 - 腐食性流体が接触しうるオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼製の構造体の粒界腐食予防保全方法であって、
前記構造体中の前記腐食性流体に接触しうる面に、前記腐食性流体の接触を阻止するように、請求項1または2に記載の溶接材料を肉盛溶接することにより肉盛溶接部を形成するステップを有する、粒界腐食予防保全方法。 - 前記構造体はオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼材を溶接してなる構造体であり、当該構造体の溶接接合部の一方の面が前記腐食性流体に接触しうる面である、請求項6に記載の粒界腐食予防保全方法。
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| CN200980150398.4A CN102245345B (zh) | 2008-12-18 | 2009-12-16 | 奥氏体系焊接材料以及使用了该材料的应力腐蚀开裂预防维护方法和晶界腐蚀预防维护方法 |
| RU2011129636/02A RU2488471C2 (ru) | 2008-12-18 | 2009-12-16 | Аустенитный сварочный материал и способ профилактического технического обслуживания для предотвращения коррозионного растрескивания под напряжением и способ профилактического технического обслуживания для предотвращения межкристаллитной коррозии с его использованием |
| EP09833449.3A EP2422919B1 (en) | 2008-12-18 | 2009-12-16 | Austenitic welding material, and preventive maintenance method for stress corrosion cracking and preventive maintenance method for intergranular corrosion, using same |
| US13/140,674 US8322592B2 (en) | 2008-12-18 | 2009-12-16 | Austenitic welding material, and preventive maintenance method for stress corrosion cracking and preventive maintenance method for intergranular corrosion, using same |
| KR1020117016457A KR101305778B1 (ko) | 2008-12-18 | 2009-12-16 | 오스테나이트계 용접 재료 및 그것을 사용한 응력 부식 균열 예방 보전 방법 및 입계 부식 예방 보전 방법 |
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- 2009-12-16 KR KR1020117016457A patent/KR101305778B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-12-16 WO PCT/JP2009/070965 patent/WO2010071146A1/ja not_active Ceased
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| JPS6369947A (ja) | 1986-09-11 | 1988-03-30 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | クリ−プ破断延性の優れたオ−ステナイト系ステンレス鋼 |
| JP2000254776A (ja) * | 1999-03-10 | 2000-09-19 | Toshiba Corp | 原子炉内部配管溶接部の応力腐食割れ防止方法 |
| JP2001124888A (ja) * | 1999-10-26 | 2001-05-11 | Toshiba Corp | 応力腐食割れ予防保全方法 |
| JP2006183082A (ja) * | 2004-12-27 | 2006-07-13 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 高Cr鋼の溶接継手および溶接材料 |
| WO2008136354A1 (ja) * | 2007-04-27 | 2008-11-13 | Japan Atomic Energy Agency | 耐粒界腐食性および耐応力腐食割れ性に優れたオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼およびオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼材の製造方法 |
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| "Materials and Processes", IRON AND STEEL, vol. 6, 1993, pages 732 |
| "Stainless steel '87", 1987, THE INSTITUTE OF METALS, pages: 234 |
| See also references of EP2422919A4 |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20210268612A1 (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2021-09-02 | Mitsubishi Power, Ltd. | Repair welding method |
| US11872663B2 (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2024-01-16 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Repair welding method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102245345B (zh) | 2015-09-02 |
| KR20110098822A (ko) | 2011-09-01 |
| US20110248071A1 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
| EP2422919A4 (en) | 2013-06-19 |
| US8322592B2 (en) | 2012-12-04 |
| KR101305778B1 (ko) | 2013-09-06 |
| EP2422919A1 (en) | 2012-02-29 |
| JP5463527B2 (ja) | 2014-04-09 |
| RU2488471C2 (ru) | 2013-07-27 |
| CN102245345A (zh) | 2011-11-16 |
| RU2011129636A (ru) | 2013-01-27 |
| EP2422919B1 (en) | 2019-02-20 |
| JP2010142843A (ja) | 2010-07-01 |
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