WO2010063633A1 - Solar condensation system with cascade evaporation - Google Patents
Solar condensation system with cascade evaporation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2010063633A1 WO2010063633A1 PCT/EP2009/065875 EP2009065875W WO2010063633A1 WO 2010063633 A1 WO2010063633 A1 WO 2010063633A1 EP 2009065875 W EP2009065875 W EP 2009065875W WO 2010063633 A1 WO2010063633 A1 WO 2010063633A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- air
- liquid
- contaminated liquid
- heat
- cascade evaporator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/10—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by direct contact with a particulate solid or with a fluid, as a heat transfer medium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/0011—Heating features
- B01D1/0029—Use of radiation
- B01D1/0035—Solar energy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/14—Evaporating with heated gases or vapours or liquids in contact with the liquid
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/20—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/40—Solar heat collectors combined with other heat sources, e.g. using electrical heating or heat from ambient air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
- F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
- F24T10/40—Geothermal collectors operated without external energy sources, e.g. using thermosiphonic circulation or heat pipes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/16—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using waste heat from other processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
- C02F2101/322—Volatile compounds, e.g. benzene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/06—Contaminated groundwater or leachate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for obtaining a treated liquid from a contaminated liquid by evaporation and condensation by means of heated air as a carrier material.
- the invention relates to a device for obtaining a treated liquid in the form of a condensate from a contaminated liquid by evaporation and condensation, in particular according to the inventive method.
- the invention primarily serves to recover drinking water from various sources of water, such as contaminated river water, brackish water or seawater, but may also be used to recover volatile solvents from liquid mixtures, with or without solid contents.
- the present invention therefore has as its object to provide a method which allows the cost-effective and mobile recovery of pure liquids, in particular drinkable water.
- the object of the invention is to provide a device for extracting pure liquids, in particular drinkable water, which preferably requires no additional electrical energy, is essentially maintenance-free, consists of modular components, which are light with the means even in rough areas can be transported to the place of use, can also be assembled by non-professionals, are cost-effective in their production and can be operated with locally available energy, such as solar energy or waste heat from existing heat sources
- This object is achieved in terms of the method, starting from a method of the type mentioned in the present invention that the air is conducted in a substantially closed circuit by natural convection, the air heated in an air collector, then a Kas- It passes through the evaporated evaporator, which is then flowed through by the contaminated liquid, in order subsequently to discharge the moisture absorbed in the cascade evaporator in a downstream condenser before it re-enters the air collector.
- a substantially closed circuit is provided with air as a substrate at atmospheric pressure, in which a vertically or obliquely arranged air collector with means for receiving heat from an external heat source and Dissipate this heat to the air, a cascade evaporator and a condenser are integrated, so that the air moves through natural convection through the circulation.
- the device is used in particular for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- Alternative embodiments or advantageous developments of the method and apparatus are the subject of the dependent claims.
- the method is based on the consideration that for the evaporation of a liquid a significantly lower energy input is required than for their evaporation and the performance of a device of the generic type substantially from the heat content of the contaminated liquid and the carrier medium, as well as their temperature difference in the separation of the treated liquid depend on.
- the process parameters should be adapted in particular to the local conditions at the site and the highest possible heat recovery be possible to create temperature and energy input optimized conditions.
- the stated objects are achieved and considerations implemented by the recovery of a treated liquid from a contaminated liquid by evaporation and condensation by means of heated air is carried out as a carrier material, wherein the air transported in a substantially closed circuit by natural convection becomes.
- an air collector for heating the carrier air a cascade evaporator and a condenser for cooling the carrier material air and recovery of the treated liquid are integrated as a condensate.
- any water source can be used as the contaminated liquid, for example sea, lake, river, spring, groundwater or brackish water. This water may well be contaminated with suspended matter or dissolved substances. All of these undesirable ingredients are just as safely retained in the contaminated, concentrated liquid as they are in an evaporation evaporation.
- the inventive method is also suitable for the recovery of volatile solvents from liquid mixtures. Only in the case of equipment wetted by the liquid or its vapors, the selection of the material must be considered.
- the structure of the device is also simplified by the fact that the process is operated at atmospheric pressure.
- An oblique arrangement is particularly useful when the air collector is designed as a solar collector.
- the air below the translucent cover is heated by the solar radiation, whereby this effect is supported by a collector base made of blackened metal sheet. Radiation losses can be significantly reduced by known insulation measures.
- heat from other heat sources for heating the carrier air via corresponding installations in the air collector, for example spiral or register tubes.
- exhaust gases from a generator, process heat, geothermal energy, etc. may be considered.
- the solar radiation is assumed to be the energy source.
- the embodiment of the cascade evaporator shown here is merely illustrative of the principle and therefore does not limit its construction.
- the air guided in the essentially closed circuit 1 is heated in the air collector 2 by the solar radiation 3 and / or by indirect transfer of the waste heat from another heat source, rises by natural convection and enters the cascade evaporator 4 through the inlet opening 15 , in which a predetermined number of horizontal or slightly inclined Verdunsterblechen 5 are arranged so that in the cascade evaporator 4 - preferably via a siphon-like installation 17 - introduced, contaminated liquid 6 on its way through the Kaskadenverdunster 4 has the longest possible way. In this case, part of the liquid in the form of vapor is taken up by the hot air 7 which slides over the liquid film.
- the residue of contaminated liquid 6 concentrated with the impurities is discharged in the lower region of the cascade evaporator 4, preferably via a siphon-like installation 18, and disposed of in a suitable manner.
- the saturated with moisture hot air 7 is supplied through the outlet opening 16 from the cascade evaporator 4 out of a condenser 8, in which the heat content of the hot air 7 - preferably by indirect contact with fresh contaminated liquid 6 - is deducted.
- the resulting in droplet form condensate 9 is discharged from the condenser and the cooled transport air flows back into the air collector 2 a.
- the air collector 2 is arranged obliquely or vertically, to support the natural convection of the transport air.
- the air convection is supported by an additional fan 10.
- the inflow of contaminated liquid 6 into the condenser 8 and further into the inflow line 11 to the cascade evaporator 4 takes place via the pump 12.
- the pump 12 it is also possible for the contaminated liquid 6 directly, so without preheating in the condenser 8 via an entry device 13 of any type the cascade evaporator 4 supply.
- the entry of the contaminated liquid 6 into the cascade evaporator 4 via the feed line 11 preferably takes place via a siphon-like installation 17.
- a siphon-like installation 18 is preferably also provided in order to ensure a largely closed circuit 1 to ensure.
- the feed line 11 for the contaminated liquid 6 ends in a distributor device 19, for example a transverse channel, which is arranged on or above the first evaporator plate 5.
- the evaporator plates 5 are supplied with heat via additional devices, not shown here, in order to compensate for excessive cooling due to evaporation energy.
- additional devices may be, for example, outwardly projecting metal sheets heated by the sun or by other heat sources, which are in good heat-transmitting contact with the evaporator sheets 5.
- many other constructions familiar to the person skilled in the art are also conceivable. In order to prevent heat loss of the cascade evaporator 4, it is also possible to form this heat-insulated.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Solare Kondensationsanlage mit Kaskadenverdunstung Solar condensation plant with cascade evaporation
Beschreibungdescription
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Gewinnung einer aufbereiteten Flüssigkeit aus einer kontaminierten Flüssigkeit durch Verdunsten und Kondensieren mit Hilfe von erhitzter Luft als Trägermaterial.The present invention relates to a method for obtaining a treated liquid from a contaminated liquid by evaporation and condensation by means of heated air as a carrier material.
Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung einer aufbereiteten Flüssigkeit in Form eines Kondensats aus einer kontaminierten Flüssigkeit durch Verdunsten und Kondensieren, insbesondere nach dem erfindungsgemäß Verfahren.Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for obtaining a treated liquid in the form of a condensate from a contaminated liquid by evaporation and condensation, in particular according to the inventive method.
Die Erfindung dient in erster Linie der Gewinnung von Trinkwasser aus diversen Wasserquellen, wie etwa verunreinigtes Flusswasser, Brackwasser oder Meerwasser, sie kann jedoch auch zur Rückgewinnung von leichtflüchtigen Lösungsmitteln aus Flüssigkeitsgemischen, mit oder ohne Feststoffinhalten verwendet werden.The invention primarily serves to recover drinking water from various sources of water, such as contaminated river water, brackish water or seawater, but may also be used to recover volatile solvents from liquid mixtures, with or without solid contents.
Für die Einbringung der erforderlichen Wärmeenergie in die Anlage wird die Verwendung eines Sonnenkollektors beschrieben. Selbstverständlich ist es aber auch möglich, die erforderliche Wärmeenergie aus anderen Quellen zu beziehen, beispielsweise geothermische Energie, Abgase - beispielsweise aus mobilen Stro- merzeugungsaggregaten - Abdampf aus Prozesswärme und dergleichen.For the introduction of the required heat energy in the system, the use of a solar collector is described. Of course, it is also possible to obtain the required heat energy from other sources, for example geothermal energy, exhaust gases - for example from mobile power generation units - exhaust steam from process heat and the like.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Bereitstellung von Trinkwasser stellt insbesondere in den Entwicklungsländern Afrikas ein immer drängenderes Problem dar. Um hier Abhilfe zu schaffen, wurden bereits viele unterschiedliche Verfahren zur Trinkwasseraufbereitung entwickelt. So sind zahlreiche mechanische, biologische, chemische und physikalische Verfahren bekannt. Die physikalischen Verfahren arbeiten im Wesentlichen auf den Prinzipien der Osmose, der Elektrolyse oder der Verdampfung. Dabei bietet speziell die Verdampfung eine sehr gute Abtrennung der Schwebstoffe und gelösten Verunreinigungen vom Wasser. Sie hat deshalb bisher die größte Verbreitung er- fahren. Dabei wird das Rohwasser im Allgemeinen unter Atmosphärendruck bis zum Siedepunkt erhitzt. In einer anschließenden Kondensationsstufe wird das aufgereinigte Trinkwasser gewonnen. Durch Auskristallisieren der gelösten Stoffe können hier aber Probleme auftreten, beispielsweise kann es zu Verstopfungen in Anlageteilen kommen, welche zu Betriebsstörungen führen. Bei der Verdampfung ist zudem ein hoher Energieeinsatz erforderlich, wobei in den von Wassermangel betroffenen Ländern meist auch Energie Mangelware ist, ausgenommen solare Energie, diese ist meist in hohem Ausmaß vorhanden.The provision of drinking water is becoming an increasingly pressing problem, especially in developing African countries. To remedy this situation, many different drinking water treatment processes have already been developed. Thus, numerous mechanical, biological, chemical and physical processes are known. The physical processes are essentially based on the principles of osmosis, electrolysis or evaporation. In particular, the evaporation offers a very good separation of suspended solids and dissolved impurities from the water. It has therefore been widely used so far. The raw water is generally under atmospheric pressure until heated to the boiling point. In a subsequent condensation stage, the purified drinking water is recovered. However, problems may occur here due to crystallization of the dissolved substances; for example, blockages may occur in plant components which lead to malfunctions. In addition, a high energy input is required for the evaporation, and in the countries affected by water shortage energy is usually in short supply, with the exception of solar energy, which is usually present to a large extent.
Es war daher naheliegend, dass in den letzten Jahren viele Ideen aufgetaucht sind, Frischwassererzeugungsanlagen mit Sonnenkollektoren auszustatten. Alle diese bekannten Einrichtungen weisen jedoch entscheidende Nachteile auf, beispielsweise dass sie einen zusätzlichen Eintrag von elektrischer Energie erfordern oder wenig effektiv sind, aus komplizierten Bauteilen aufgebaut sind, deren Bedienung geschultes Fachpersonal benötigt und wartungsintensiv sind. Auch ist es meist unmöglich mit einfachen Mitteln entsprechende Ersatzteile bereit zu stellen.It was therefore obvious that in recent years many ideas have emerged to equip fresh water plants with solar panels. However, all these known devices have significant disadvantages, for example, that they require an additional entry of electrical energy or are less effective, are constructed of complicated components whose operation requires trained professionals and are maintenance-intensive. Also, it is usually impossible to provide with simple means corresponding spare parts.
Technische AufgabenstellungTechnical task
Die vorliegende Erfindung stellt sich daher die Aufgabe, ein Verfahren anzugeben, das die kostengünstige und mobile Gewinnung reiner Flüssigkeiten, insbesondere trinkbaren Wassers ermöglicht.The present invention therefore has as its object to provide a method which allows the cost-effective and mobile recovery of pure liquids, in particular drinkable water.
Weiterhin liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde eine Vorrichtung zur Gewin- nung reiner Flüssigkeiten, insbesondere trinkbaren Wassers zu schaffen, welche bevorzugt ohne zusätzlicher elektrischer Energie auskommt, im Wesentlichen wartungsfrei ist, aus modularen Bauteilen besteht, welche mit den auch in unwegsamen Gegenden vorhandenen Mitteln leicht zum Einsatzort transportiert werden können, auch von Nichtfachleuten zusammen gebaut werden können, kosten- günstig in ihrer Herstellung sind und mit vor Ort vorhandener Energie, wie beispielsweise Solarenergie oder Abwärme aus vorhandenen Wärmequellen betrieben werden kannFurthermore, the object of the invention is to provide a device for extracting pure liquids, in particular drinkable water, which preferably requires no additional electrical energy, is essentially maintenance-free, consists of modular components, which are light with the means even in rough areas can be transported to the place of use, can also be assembled by non-professionals, are cost-effective in their production and can be operated with locally available energy, such as solar energy or waste heat from existing heat sources
Diese Aufgabe wird hinsichtlich des Verfahrens ausgehend von einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Gattung erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass die Luft in einem im Wesentlichen geschlossenen Kreislauf durch natürliche Konvektion geführt wird, wobei die Luft in einem Luftkollektor erhitzt, anschließend einen Kas- kadenverdunster durchstreift, der von der kontaminierten Flüssigkeit durchflössen wird, um anschließend die im Kaskadenverdunster aufgenommene Feuchtigkeit in einem nachfolgenden Kondensator abzugeben, bevor sie wieder in den Luftkollektor eintritt. Hinsichtlich der Vorrichtung wird die genannte Aufgabe ausgehend von einer gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass ein im Wesentlichen geschlossener Kreislauf mit Luft als Trägermaterial bei Normaldruck vorgesehen ist, in den ein senkrecht oder schräg angeordneter Luftkollektor mit Einrichtungen zur Aufnahme von Wärme aus einer externen Wärmequelle und Abgabe dieser Wärme an die Luft, ein Kaskadenverdunster und ein Kondensator integriert sind, sodass sich die Luft durch natürliche Konvektion durch den Kreislauf bewegt.This object is achieved in terms of the method, starting from a method of the type mentioned in the present invention that the air is conducted in a substantially closed circuit by natural convection, the air heated in an air collector, then a Kas- It passes through the evaporated evaporator, which is then flowed through by the contaminated liquid, in order subsequently to discharge the moisture absorbed in the cascade evaporator in a downstream condenser before it re-enters the air collector. With regard to the device, the object is achieved starting from a generic device according to the invention that a substantially closed circuit is provided with air as a substrate at atmospheric pressure, in which a vertically or obliquely arranged air collector with means for receiving heat from an external heat source and Dissipate this heat to the air, a cascade evaporator and a condenser are integrated, so that the air moves through natural convection through the circulation.
Die Vorrichtung dient insbesondere zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Alternative Ausführungsformen oder vorteilhafte Weiterentwicklungen von Verfahren und Vorrichtung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche. Das Verfahren beruht auf der Überlegung, dass zur Verdunstung einer Flüssigkeit ein erheblich geringerer Energieeintrag erforderlich ist als zu ihrer Verdampfung und die Leistung einer Vorrichtung der gattungsgemäßen Art wesentlich vom Wärmeinhalt der kontaminierten Flüssigkeit und dem Trägermedium, sowie von deren Temperaturdifferenz bei der Abtrennung der aufbereiteten Flüssigkeit ab- hängen. Dabei sollen die Verfahrensparameter insbesondere auf die örtlichen Gegebenheiten am Einsatzort angepasst sein und eine möglichst hohe Wärmerückgewinnung möglich sein, um temperatur- und energieeintragsoptimierte Verhältnisse zu schaffen.The device is used in particular for carrying out the method according to the invention. Alternative embodiments or advantageous developments of the method and apparatus are the subject of the dependent claims. The method is based on the consideration that for the evaporation of a liquid a significantly lower energy input is required than for their evaporation and the performance of a device of the generic type substantially from the heat content of the contaminated liquid and the carrier medium, as well as their temperature difference in the separation of the treated liquid depend on. The process parameters should be adapted in particular to the local conditions at the site and the highest possible heat recovery be possible to create temperature and energy input optimized conditions.
Nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren werden die genannten Aufgaben gelöst und Überlegungen umgesetzt, indem die Gewinnung einer aufbereiteten Flüssigkeit aus einer kontaminierten Flüssigkeit durch Verdunsten und Kondensieren mit Hilfe von erhitzter Luft als Trägermaterial durchgeführt wird, wobei die Luft in einem im Wesentlichen geschlossenen Kreislauf durch natürliche Konvektion transportiert wird. In diesem Kreislauf sind ein Luftkollektor zur Erhitzung der Trägerluft, ein Kaskadenverdunster und ein Kondensator zur Abkühlung des Trägermaterials Luft und Gewinnung der aufbereiteten Flüssigkeit als Kondensat integriert. Wird das Verfahren eingesetzt zur Gewinnung von Trinkwasser, so kann als kontaminierte Flüssigkeit jede Wasserquelle herangezogen werden, beispielsweise Meer-, Seen-, Fluss-, Quell-, Grund- oder auch Brackwasser. Dieses Wasser kann durchaus mit Schwebstoffen oder gelösten Stoffen belastet sein. Alle diese uner- wünschten Inhaltsstoffe werden bei einer Verdunstung genauso sicher in der kontaminierten, aufkonzentrierten Flüssigkeit zurück gehalten wie bei einer Verdampfung.According to the method of the invention, the stated objects are achieved and considerations implemented by the recovery of a treated liquid from a contaminated liquid by evaporation and condensation by means of heated air is carried out as a carrier material, wherein the air transported in a substantially closed circuit by natural convection becomes. In this circuit, an air collector for heating the carrier air, a cascade evaporator and a condenser for cooling the carrier material air and recovery of the treated liquid are integrated as a condensate. If the process is used to obtain drinking water, any water source can be used as the contaminated liquid, for example sea, lake, river, spring, groundwater or brackish water. This water may well be contaminated with suspended matter or dissolved substances. All of these undesirable ingredients are just as safely retained in the contaminated, concentrated liquid as they are in an evaporation evaporation.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist aber auch zur Rückgewinnung von leichtflüchtigen Lösungsmitteln aus Flüssigkeitsgemischen geeignet. Lediglich bei den von der Flüssigkeit oder ihren Dämpfen benetzten Anlagenteilen ist auf die Auswahl des Materials Bedacht zu nehmen. Der Aufbau der Vorrichtung vereinfacht sich auch durch den Umstand, dass das Verfahren bei Normaldruck betrieben wird.The inventive method is also suitable for the recovery of volatile solvents from liquid mixtures. Only in the case of equipment wetted by the liquid or its vapors, the selection of the material must be considered. The structure of the device is also simplified by the fact that the process is operated at atmospheric pressure.
Die natürliche Konvektion der Luft im Kreislauf beruht auf dem Prinzip, dass heiße Luft in einem geschlossenen Kreislauf aufsteigt, während kalte Luft darin absinkt. Durch eine senkrechte oder schräge Anordnung des Luftkollektors wird dieser Effekt noch unterstützt.The natural convection of the air in the circulation is based on the principle that hot air rises in a closed circuit, while cold air sinks into it. By a vertical or oblique arrangement of the air collector, this effect is still supported.
Eine schräge Anordnung bietet sich insbesondere dann an, wenn der Luftkollektor als Sonnenkollektor ausgebildet ist. Dabei wird die Luft unterhalb der lichtdurch- lässigen Abdeckung durch die Sonneneinstrahlung erwärmt, wobei dieser Effekt noch durch einen Kollektorboden aus geschwärztem Blech unterstützt wird. Ab- strahlungsverluste können durch bekannte Isolierungsmaßnahmen erheblich reduziert werden.An oblique arrangement is particularly useful when the air collector is designed as a solar collector. In doing so, the air below the translucent cover is heated by the solar radiation, whereby this effect is supported by a collector base made of blackened metal sheet. Radiation losses can be significantly reduced by known insulation measures.
Es ist aber auch möglich über entsprechende Einbauten im Luftkollektor, bei- spielsweise Spiral- oder Registerrohre die Wärme aus anderen Wärmequellen zur Erhitzung der Trägerluft heranzuziehen. Je nach örtlichen Gegebenheiten kommen dafür beispielsweise Abgase aus einem Stromaggregat, Prozesswärme, geo- thermische Energie usw. in Frage.However, it is also possible to use the heat from other heat sources for heating the carrier air via corresponding installations in the air collector, for example spiral or register tubes. Depending on local conditions, exhaust gases from a generator, process heat, geothermal energy, etc. may be considered.
Ausführungsbeispiel Im Folgenden wird das Verfahren anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiel und einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Als einzige Figur zeigt: Fig. 1 eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen solaren Kondensationsanlage mit Kaskadenverdunstung anhand einer schematischen Darstellung der Einzelkomponenten und ihres Zusammenwirkens.EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENT The method will be explained in more detail below on the basis of an exemplary embodiment and a drawing. The only figure shows: 1 shows an embodiment of the solar condensation plant according to the invention with cascade evaporation on the basis of a schematic representation of the individual components and their interaction.
Zur Vereinfachung der Darstellung des Verfahrensprinzips wird die Sonnenein- Strahlung als Energiequelle angenommen. Auch die hier gezeigte Ausgestaltung des Kaskadenverdunsters dient lediglich der Veranschaulichung des Prinzips und stellt daher keine Einschränkung seiner Bauweise dar.To simplify the presentation of the method principle, the solar radiation is assumed to be the energy source. The embodiment of the cascade evaporator shown here is merely illustrative of the principle and therefore does not limit its construction.
Die in dem im Wesentlichen geschlossenen Kreislauf 1 geführte Luft wird im Luftkollektor 2 durch die Sonneneinstrahlung 3 und/oder durch indirekte Übertragung der Abwärme aus einer anderen Wärmequelle erhitzt, steigt durch natürliche Kon- vektion auf und tritt durch die Eintrittsöffnung 15 in den Kaskadenverdunster 4 ein, in welchem eine vorgegebene Anzahl von waagrechten oder leicht schräg gestellten Verdunsterblechen 5 so angeordnet sind, dass die in den Kaskadenverdunster 4 - bevorzugt über einen siphonartigen Einbau 17 - eingebrachte, kontaminierte Flüssigkeit 6 auf ihrem Weg durch den Kaskadenverdunster 4 einen möglichst langen Weg hat. Dabei wird von der über den Flüssigkeitsfilm gleitenden heißen Luft 7 ein Teil der Flüssigkeit in Form von Dampf aufgenommen. Der mit den Verunreinigungen aufkonzentrierte Rest an kontaminierter Flüssigkeit 6 wird im unteren Bereich des Kaskadenverdunsters 4, bevorzugt über einen siphonartigen Ein- bau 18 abgeleitet und in geeigneter Weise entsorgt. Die mit Feuchtigkeit gesättigte Heißluft 7 wird durch die Austrittsöffnung 16 aus dem Kaskadenverdunster 4 heraus einem Kondensator 8 zugeführt, in welchem der Wärmeinhalt der Heißluft 7 - bevorzugt durch indirekten Kontakt mit frischer kontaminierter Flüssigkeit 6 - abgezogen wird. Das dabei in Tröpfchenform anfallende Kondensat 9 wird aus dem Kondensator abgeführt und die abgekühlte Transportluft strömt wieder in den Luftkollektor 2 ein. Der Luftkollektor 2 ist dabei schräg oder senkrecht angeordnet, um die natürliche Konvektion der Transportluft zu unterstützen.The air guided in the essentially closed circuit 1 is heated in the air collector 2 by the solar radiation 3 and / or by indirect transfer of the waste heat from another heat source, rises by natural convection and enters the cascade evaporator 4 through the inlet opening 15 , in which a predetermined number of horizontal or slightly inclined Verdunsterblechen 5 are arranged so that in the cascade evaporator 4 - preferably via a siphon-like installation 17 - introduced, contaminated liquid 6 on its way through the Kaskadenverdunster 4 has the longest possible way. In this case, part of the liquid in the form of vapor is taken up by the hot air 7 which slides over the liquid film. The residue of contaminated liquid 6 concentrated with the impurities is discharged in the lower region of the cascade evaporator 4, preferably via a siphon-like installation 18, and disposed of in a suitable manner. The saturated with moisture hot air 7 is supplied through the outlet opening 16 from the cascade evaporator 4 out of a condenser 8, in which the heat content of the hot air 7 - preferably by indirect contact with fresh contaminated liquid 6 - is deducted. The resulting in droplet form condensate 9 is discharged from the condenser and the cooled transport air flows back into the air collector 2 a. The air collector 2 is arranged obliquely or vertically, to support the natural convection of the transport air.
In einer alternativen Ausführung wird die Luftkonvektion durch einen zusätzlichen Ventilator 10 unterstützt. Der Zulauf von kontaminierter Flüssigkeit 6 in den Kon- densator 8 und weiter in die Zulaufleitung 11 zum Kaskadenverdunster 4 erfolgt über die Pumpe 12. Natürlich ist es auch möglich, die kontaminierte Flüssigkeit 6 direkt, also ohne Vorerwärmung im Kondensator 8 über eine Eintragsvorrichtung 13 beliebiger Bauart dem Kaskadenverdunster 4 zuzuführen.In an alternative embodiment, the air convection is supported by an additional fan 10. The inflow of contaminated liquid 6 into the condenser 8 and further into the inflow line 11 to the cascade evaporator 4 takes place via the pump 12. Of course, it is also possible for the contaminated liquid 6 directly, so without preheating in the condenser 8 via an entry device 13 of any type the cascade evaporator 4 supply.
Der Eintritt der kontaminierten Flüssigkeit 6 in den Kaskadenverdunster 4 über die Zulaufleitung 11 erfolgt bevorzugt über einen siphonartigen Einbau 17. Am Be- ginn der Austragungsleitung 14 für die aufkonzentrierte kontaminierte Flüssigkeit 6 ist bevorzugt ebenfalls ein siphonartiger Einbau 18 vorgesehen, um eine weitgehende Geschlossenheit des Kreislaufs 1 zu gewährleisten.The entry of the contaminated liquid 6 into the cascade evaporator 4 via the feed line 11 preferably takes place via a siphon-like installation 17. At the start of the discharge line 14 for the concentrated contaminated liquid 6, a siphon-like installation 18 is preferably also provided in order to ensure a largely closed circuit 1 to ensure.
Besonders bevorzugt mündet die Zulaufleitung 11 für die kontaminierte Flüssigkeit 6 in einer Verteileinrichtung 19, beispielsweise einer Querrinne, welche am oder über dem ersten Verdunsterblech 5 angeordnet ist.Particularly preferably, the feed line 11 for the contaminated liquid 6 ends in a distributor device 19, for example a transverse channel, which is arranged on or above the first evaporator plate 5.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung wird den Verdunsterblechen 5 über zusätzliche, hier nicht dargestellte Einrichtungen Wärme zugeführt, um eine zu hohe Abkühlung durch Verdunstungsenergie zu kompensieren. Solche Einrichtungen können beispielsweise nach außen ragende, von der Sonne oder durch andere Wärmequellen erwärmte Metallbleche sein, die mit den Verdunsterblechen 5 in gut wärmeübertragendem Kontakt stehen. Es sind alternativ jedoch auch viele andere, dem Fachmann geläufige Konstruktionen denkbar. Um einem Wärmeverlust des Kaskadenverdunsters 4 vorzubeugen ist es auch möglich, diesen wärmeisoliert auszubilden. In a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the evaporator plates 5 are supplied with heat via additional devices, not shown here, in order to compensate for excessive cooling due to evaporation energy. Such devices may be, for example, outwardly projecting metal sheets heated by the sun or by other heat sources, which are in good heat-transmitting contact with the evaporator sheets 5. As an alternative, however, many other constructions familiar to the person skilled in the art are also conceivable. In order to prevent heat loss of the cascade evaporator 4, it is also possible to form this heat-insulated.
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP09763926A EP2370363A1 (en) | 2008-12-03 | 2009-11-26 | Solar condensation system with cascade evaporation |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0188608A AT507297B1 (en) | 2008-12-03 | 2008-12-03 | SOLAR CONDENSATION SYSTEM WITH CASCADE EVAPORATION |
| ATA1886/2008 | 2008-12-03 |
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| WO2010063633A1 true WO2010063633A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| PCT/EP2009/065875 Ceased WO2010063633A1 (en) | 2008-12-03 | 2009-11-26 | Solar condensation system with cascade evaporation |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2370363A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT507297B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2010063633A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102345576A (en) * | 2011-08-22 | 2012-02-08 | 杭州电子科技大学 | High-efficiency solar photo-thermal tower-type electricity generation and seawater desalinization integral system |
| CN104418396A (en) * | 2013-08-24 | 2015-03-18 | 蔡京鹏 | Seawater desalination or sewage purification device |
| WO2018010660A1 (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2018-01-18 | 上海骄英能源科技有限公司 | Energy-saving seawater desalination device using power generated in complementary cooperation of wind energy and light energy, and control method |
| IT202000008194A1 (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2021-10-17 | Alessandro Luigi Maria Vergani | LIQUID EVAPORATION EQUIPMENT |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108592419B (en) * | 2018-02-13 | 2020-04-28 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Falling delaying type solid particle heat absorber for solar thermal power generation |
| FR3091527A1 (en) * | 2019-01-05 | 2020-07-10 | Gino Olive | CIRCULAR INTERNAL CONVECTION THERMO-MECHANICAL DISTILLER |
| CN120466722A (en) * | 2025-06-10 | 2025-08-12 | 雪山集团有限公司 | A green building heating and ventilation system based on geothermal recovery |
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- 2009-11-26 WO PCT/EP2009/065875 patent/WO2010063633A1/en not_active Ceased
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| WO2018010660A1 (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2018-01-18 | 上海骄英能源科技有限公司 | Energy-saving seawater desalination device using power generated in complementary cooperation of wind energy and light energy, and control method |
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| IT202000008194A1 (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2021-10-17 | Alessandro Luigi Maria Vergani | LIQUID EVAPORATION EQUIPMENT |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2370363A1 (en) | 2011-10-05 |
| AT507297A4 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
| AT507297B1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
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