WO2010054906A1 - Formmassen zur herstellung von solarzellenmodulen - Google Patents
Formmassen zur herstellung von solarzellenmodulen Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010054906A1 WO2010054906A1 PCT/EP2009/063439 EP2009063439W WO2010054906A1 WO 2010054906 A1 WO2010054906 A1 WO 2010054906A1 EP 2009063439 W EP2009063439 W EP 2009063439W WO 2010054906 A1 WO2010054906 A1 WO 2010054906A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/20—Carboxylic acid amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08L33/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
- C08L33/12—Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
- H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells
- H10F19/804—Materials of encapsulations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to molding compositions, the use of the molding compositions for the production of solar cell modules and the corresponding solar cell modules.
- a solar cell or photovoltaic cell is an electrical component that converts the radiation energy contained in the light, especially in sunlight, directly into electrical energy.
- the physical basis of the transformation is the photovoltaic effect, which is a special case of the internal photoelectric effect.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic cross section showing the basic structure of a solar cell module.
- 501 denotes a photovoltaic element, 502 a solidifying agent, 503 a disc, and 504 a rear wall.
- Sunlight is irradiated on the photosensitive surface of the photovoltaic element 501 by penetrating the disk 503 and the solidifying agent 502, and is converted into electric energy.
- the generated current is output from output terminals (not shown).
- the photovoltaic element can not withstand extreme external conditions because it is easily corroded and very fragile. It must therefore be covered and protected by a suitable material. In most cases, this is accomplished by sandwiching and laminating the photovoltaic element between a transparent weather-resistant sheet such as a glass sheet and a back wall having excellent moisture resistance and high electrical resistance using a suitable solidifying agent.
- a transparent weather-resistant sheet such as a glass sheet and a back wall having excellent moisture resistance and high electrical resistance
- a suitable solidifying agent As solidifying agents for solar cells, polyvinyl butyral and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA) are often used.
- EVA polyvinyl butyral and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers
- crosslinkable EVA compositions exhibit excellent properties, such as good heat resistance, high weather resistance, high transparency and good cost efficiency.
- the solar cell module is said to have a high durability because it is to be used outside for a long time. Consequently, the solidifying agent u. a. have an excellent weather resistance and a high heat resistance.
- the solidifying agent u. a. have an excellent weather resistance and a high heat resistance.
- light-induced and / or thermally-induced degradation of the solidifying agent and, as a result, yellowing of the solidifying agent and / or peeling off of the photovoltaic element are frequently observed when the module is left for a long time, e.g. ten years, used outside.
- the yellow discoloration of the solidifying agent leads to a decrease in the usable portion of the incident light and consequently to a lower electrical power.
- peeling off of the photovoltaic element allows the penetration of moisture, which can lead to corrosion of the photovoltaic element itself or of metallic parts in the solar cell module and also results in a deterioration of the solar cell module performance.
- EVAs are good solidifying agents, they are gradually degraded by hydrolysis and / or pyrolysis. Over time, heat or moisture releases acetic acid. This leads to a yellow discoloration of the solidifying agent, a decrease in the mechanical strength and a decrease in the adhesive strength of the solidifying agent. Furthermore, the liberated acetic acid acts as a catalyst and accelerates the degradation in addition. In addition, there is a problem that the photovoltaic element and / or other metal parts in the solar cell module are corroded by the acetic acid.
- European patent application EP 1 065 731 A2 proposes the use of a solar cell module comprising a photovoltaic element and a polymeric solidifying agent, the polymeric solidifying agent being an ethylene-acrylic ester-acrylic acid terpolymer, an ethylene-acrylic ester-maleic anhydride terpolymer , an ethylene-methacrylic ester-acrylic ester terpolymer, an ethylene-acrylic acid ester-methacrylic acid terpolymer, an ethylene-methacrylic ester-methacrylic acid terpolymer and / or an ethylene-methacrylic ester-maleic anhydride terpolymer.
- both the weatherability and the effectiveness of such solar cell modules is limited.
- DE 103 11 641 A1 describes tanning aids which comprise a polymethyl methacrylate molding which contains 0.005% by weight to 0.1% by weight of a UV stabilizer according to formula (I)
- radicals R 1 and R 2 independently represent an alkyl or cycloalkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- DE 38 38 480 A1 discloses methyl methacrylate polymers and copolymers which comprise a) an oxalic anilide or 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpipehdine compound as a stabilizer against light damage and b) a flame-retardant organic phosphorus compound.
- JP 2005-298748 A provides moldings of a methacrylic resin which preferably comprises 100 parts by weight of methacrylic resin comprising 60-100% by weight of methyl methacrylate units and 0-40% by weight of other copolymerizable vinyl monomer units, and 0.005-0.15% by weight % 2- (2-hydroxy-4-n-octyloxyphenyl) -4,6-bis (2,4-dimethylphenyl) -1, 3,5-thazine and / or 2-hydroxy-4-octyloxybenzophenone.
- the moldings are said to have a marked barrier to UV rays and to exhibit a transparency of at most 20% at 340 nm and a transparency of at least 70% at 380 nm, measured on moldings having a thickness in the range of 0.5 to 5 mm.
- the moldings are to be used in particular as lighting covers.
- references to the use of the molding compositions for the production of solar cell modules are not to be found in the document.
- a solidifying agent for a solar cell module should be specified, which has an excellent weather resistance, the highest possible Heat retentive and the greatest possible light transmission and the lowest possible water absorption shows. Furthermore, the lowest possible release of corrosion-promoting substances, in particular of acids, and the strongest possible adhesion to the various basic elements of a solar cell module was desired.
- a molding composition which comprises a) at least one polyalkyl (meth) acrylate and b) at least one compound of the formula (I),
- radicals R 1 and R 2 independently represent an alkyl or cycloalkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, wherein the molding composition further c) contains at least one infrared absorber, wherein the molding material
- a solar cell module having excellent weather resistance, heat resistance and moisture resistance is made available. Since the adhesion of the solidifying agent is improved, no peeling occurs even if the module is exposed to external conditions for a long time. Furthermore, the weatherability is improved because the protective material does not decompose under high temperatures and high humidity to release acid. Since no corrosion of the photovoltaic element by acid occurs, stable long-term performance of the solar cell is maintained. Further, a solidifying agent whose weatherability, heat distortion resistance and moisture resistance are superior and which has excellent light transmittance, which enables the production of very good solar cell modules is used.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic cross section of a preferred solar cell module according to the present invention.
- Figs. 2a and 2b are schematic cross sections showing the basic structure of a photovoltaic element which is preferably used in the solar cell module of Fig. 1 and a plan view of the photosensitive surface of the photovoltaic element, respectively.
- Fig. 3 is a schematic cross section of a conventional solar cell.
- FIG. 1 A first figure.
- the molding composition according to the invention comprises at least one polyalkyl (meth) acrylate, which can be used individually or in a mixture of several different polyalkyl (meth) acrylates. Furthermore, the polyalkyl (meth) acrylate may also be in the form of a copolymer.
- homopolymers and copolymers of C 1 -C 18 -alkyl (meth) acrylates advantageously of C 1 -C 10 -alkyl (meth) acrylates, in particular of C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (meth) acrylates, which may still be present thereof may contain various monomer units, more preferably.
- the notation (meth) acrylate here means both methacrylate, such as. As methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, etc., as well as acrylate, such as. As methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, etc., as well as mixtures of both monomers.
- copolymers containing 70 wt .-% to 99 wt .-%, in particular 70 wt .-% to 90 wt .-%, Ci-Cio-alkyl (meth) acrylates has proven particularly useful.
- Preferred d-Cio-alkyl methacrylates include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, tert-butyl methacrylate, pentyl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, heptyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, isooctyl methacrylate and ethylhexyl methacrylate, nonyl methacrylate, decyl methacrylate and cycloalkyl methacrylates such as cyclohexyl methacrylate, isobornyl methacrylate or ethylcyclohexlmethacrylate.
- Preferred d-Cio-alkyl acrylates include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, pentyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, heptyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, isooctyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, decyl acrylate and ethylhexyl acrylate and cycloalkyl acrylates such as cyclohexyl acrylate, isobornyl acrylate or Ethycyclohexlacrylat.
- Very particularly preferred copolymers comprise from 80% by weight to 99% by weight of methyl methacrylate (MMA) units and from 1% by weight to 20% by weight, preferably from 1% by weight to 5% by weight, do-alkyl acrylate units, in particular methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and / or butyl acrylate units.
- MMA methyl methacrylate
- do-alkyl acrylate units in particular methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and / or butyl acrylate units.
- the polyalkyl (meth) acrylate can be prepared by polymerization processes known per se, with radical polymerization processes, in particular, bulk, solution, suspension and emulsion polymerization processes being particularly preferred.
- Particularly suitable for this purpose initiators include in particular azo compounds, such as 2,2'-azobis (isobutyronitrile) or 2,2'-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), redox systems, such as the combination of tertiary amines with peroxides or Nathium disulfite and persulfates of potassium, sodium or ammonium or preferably peroxides (cf., for example, H. Rauch-Puntigam, Th.
- peroxide polymerization initiators are dilauroyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroctoate, tert-butyl phesononanoate, dicyclohexyl peroxydicarbonate, dibenzoyl peroxide and 2,2-bis (tert-butylperoxy) butane.
- polymerization initiator for example dilauroyl peroxide and 2,2-bis (tert-butylperoxy) butane, in order to keep the radical stream constant during the polymerization and at different polymerization temperatures.
- the amounts of polymerization initiator used are generally from 0.01% by weight to 2% by weight, based on the monomer mixture.
- the polymerization can be carried out both continuously and batchwise. After polymerization, the polymer is removed via conventional isolation and separation steps, such. As filtration, coagulation and spray drying, won.
- the adjustment of the chain lengths of the polymers or Copolymehsate can be carried out by polymerization of the monomer or monomer mixture in the presence of molecular weight regulators, in particular of the known mercaptans, such as n-butylmercaptan, n-dodecylmercaptan, 2-mercaptoethanol or 2-Ethylhexylthioglycolat, pentaerythritol tetrathioglycolate; wherein the molecular weight regulator generally in amounts of 0.05 wt .-% to 5 wt .-% based on the monomer or monomer mixture, preferably in amounts of 0.1 wt .-% to 2 wt .-%, and particularly preferably in amounts from 0.2% by weight to 1% by
- the molding composition contains at least one compound of the formula (I)
- radicals R 1 and R 2 independently represent an alkyl or cycloalkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, particularly preferably having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the aliphatic radicals are preferably linear or branched and may have substituents such as halogen atoms.
- the preferred alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, 1-butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methylpropyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, 1, 1 -Dimethylpropyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, nonyl, 1-decyl, 2-decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, pentadecyl and the eicosyl group.
- Preferred cycloalkyl groups include the cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl groups, optionally substituted with branched or unbranched alkyl groups.
- This compound is commercially available from Clariant under the tradename ® Sanduvor VSU and from Ciba Geigy under the tradename ® Tinuvin 312.
- At 500 nm has a transmission of less than 89%, in particular in the range of 80% to less than 89%,
- At 1000 nm has a transmission of less than 80%, in particular in the range of 75% to less than 80%,
- At 1150 nm has a transmission of less than 70%, in particular in the range of 55% to less than 70%, and
- the infrared spectroscopy can be carried out in a known manner.
- a procedure is particularly preferred in which the transmission spectrum is measured by means of the spectral photometer Lambda 19 from Perkin Elmer.
- the molding composition according to the invention comprises at least one infrared absorber.
- infrared absorbers designate substances which absorb light in the infrared range, ie in the range from 780 nm to 1 mm.
- infrared absorbers which absorb light at 500 nm, 1000 nm, 1150 nm and / or 1600 nm are preferred. These can be used individually or else in a mixture of two or more compounds which, if necessary, absorb light differently at different wavelengths.
- Infrared absorbers which absorb light at 500 nm, 1000 nm, 1150 nm and at 1600 nm are particularly preferred.
- very particularly preferred infrared absorbers absorb light in such a way that the ratio of the transparency of the molding compound at 500 nm to the transparency of the molding compound at 1150 nm is in the range of 88 to 65 to 69, in each case measured by means of infrared spectroscopy at 25 ° C to 3 mm platelets.
- polyalkyl (meth) acrylates has furthermore proven particularly advantageous which, measured in each case by means of infrared spectroscopy at 25 ° C. on 3 mm platelets, have an infrared spectrum in the range from 250 nm to 2500 nm differs in transparency at each wavelength by a maximum of 5%, more preferably by a maximum of 2.5%, in particular by a maximum of 1%, of the transparency of the reference spectrum ("standard polyalkyl (meth) acrylate”), in each case based on the transparency of the reference.
- infrared absorber-polyalkyl (meth) acrylate combinations has proven to be particularly useful, which, in each case measured by means of infrared spectroscopy at 25 ° C to 3 mm platelets, a Infrared spectrum in the range of 250 nm to 2500 nm, which in the transparency at each wavelength by a maximum of 5%, more preferably by a maximum of 2.5%, in particular by a maximum of 1%, of the transparency of the reference spectrum given below ("norm Polyalkyl (meth) acrylate + infrared absorber "), in each case based on the transparency of the reference.
- infrared absorbers are hybrid organic-inorganic nanoparticles, such.
- the molding composition according to the invention may optionally contain further additives well known to the person skilled in the art. Preference is given to external lubricants, antioxidants, flame retardants, other UV stabilizers, flow aids, metal additives for shielding electromagnetic radiation, antistatic agents, mold release agents, dyes, pigments, adhesion promoters, weathering inhibitors, plasticizers, fillers and the like.
- the molding composition contains at least one sterically hindered amine, whereby the weather resistance is further improved.
- a yellow discoloration or degradation of the molding material, which is exposed to external conditions for a long time, can be further reduced.
- hindered amines include dimethyl succinate 1 - (2-hydroxyethyl) -4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperazine polycondensate, poly [ ⁇ 6- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) amino] 1, 3,5-triazine-2,4, -diyl ⁇ ⁇ (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-) piperidyl) imino ⁇ hexamethylene ⁇ (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) imino ⁇ ], N, N'-bis (3-aminopropyl) ethylenediannine-2,4-bis [N-butyl-N- (1, 2,2,6,6-pentanoethyl-4-piperidyl) amino] -6-chloro-1, 3,5-triazine condensate, bis (2,2,6,6-tetrannethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate and 2- (3,5-di-t-butyl-4
- the molding composition according to the invention preferably also contains at least one silane coupling agent or an organic titanium compound, whereby the adhesion to inorganic materials is further improved.
- Suitable silane coupling agents include vinyltrichlorosilane, vinyltris ( ⁇ -methoxyethoxy) silane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinylthmethoxysilane, Y-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ - (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethylthmethoxysilane, ⁇ - glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, N- ⁇ - (aminoethyl) - ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N- ⁇ - (aminoethyl) - ⁇ -aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-phenyl- ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane and ⁇ -chloropropyltrimethoxysilane
- the relative proportions of the polyalkyl (meth) acrylate, of the compound of the formula (I) and of the infrared absorber can in principle be chosen freely.
- particularly preferred molding compositions comprise, in each case based on their total weight, a) 90% by weight to 99.9998% by weight of polyalkyl (meth) acrylate b) 0.001% by weight to 0.03% by weight of compound of the formula (I) and c) 0.0001% to 0.04% by weight of infrared absorber
- the incorporation of the compounds into the molding composition according to the invention can be carried out by the processes known from the literature, for example by mixing with the polymer prior to further processing at elevated temperature, by adding it to the melt of the polymer or adding it to suspended or dissolved polymer during its processing. If appropriate, they can also be added to the starting materials for the preparation of the polymer and also lose their weight Presence of other conventional light and heat stabilizers, oxidizing and reducing agents and the like does not improve their absorbency.
- the molding composition of the invention preferably has a softening temperature of not less than 80 0 C (Vicat softening point VSP (ISO 306-B50)). It is therefore particularly suitable as a solidifying agent for solar cell modules, since it does not begin to creep, even if the module is exposed to high temperatures in use.
- the molding composition according to the invention has a comparatively high total light transmittance and thus prevents a loss of performance of the solar cell in the application of the molding compound as solidifying agent in solar cell modules, which could be due to optical loss of the solidifying agent.
- the total light transmittance is preferably at least 90%.
- the total light transmittance is preferably at least 80% (measurement using the spectral photometer Lambda 19 from Perkin Elmer).
- the molding composition according to the invention is particularly suitable for the production of solar cell modules, in particular as solidifying agents in solar cell modules.
- the solar cell module according to the invention preferably comprises a photovoltaic element 101, a disk 103 covering the front side of the photovoltaic element 101, a first solidifying agent 102 between the photovoltaic element 101 and the disk 103, a rear wall 105 covering the back 104 of the photovoltaic element 101 and a second solidification agent 104 between the photovoltaic element 101 and the back wall 105.
- the photovoltaic element preferably comprises a photoactive semiconductor layer on a conductive substrate as a first electrode for light conversion and a transparent conductive layer as a second electrode formed thereon.
- the conductive substrate in this context preferably comprises stainless steel, thereby further improving the adhesion strength of the solidifying agent to the substrate.
- the molding compound according to the invention preferably has a bleeder resistance of 1 to 550000 kk ⁇ xx ccmm 22 .
- a collecting electrode containing copper and / or silver as an ingredient is preferably formed on the photosensitive side of the photovoltaic element, and the molding compound of the invention is preferably brought into contact with the collecting electrode.
- the photosensitive surface of the photovoltaic element is favorably covered with the molding composition of the invention and then, preferably, a thin fluoride polymer film is disposed as the outermost layer thereon.
- the first solidifying agent 102 is intended to protect the photovoltaic element 101 from being exposed to the outside by covering unevenness of the photosensitive surface of the element 101. Furthermore, it also serves to bind the disc 103 to the element 101. Therefore, it should have high weather resistance, high adhesion and high heat resistance in addition to high transparency. Furthermore, it should show a low water absorption and release no acid. In order to satisfy these wishes, a molding compound according to the invention is preferably used as the first solidifying agent.
- the light transmittance of the first solidifying agent 102 in the visible wavelength range of 400 nm to 800 nm is preferably at least 80%, more preferably at least 90% in the wavelength range from 400 nm to less than 500 nm (Measurement using the spectral photometer Lambda 19 from the company Perkin Elmer). Furthermore, it preferably has a refractive index of 1, 1 - 2.0, advantageously 1, 1 - 1, 6, to facilitate the incidence of light from air (measurement according to ISO 489).
- the second solidification agent 104 is used to protect the photovoltaic element 101 from external influences by covering unevenness on the back surface of the element 101. Furthermore, it also serves to bind the rear wall 105 to the element 101. Therefore, the second solidifying agent such as the first solidifying agent should have high weather resistance, high adhesion and high heat resistance. It is therefore preferred to use the molding composition of the invention as a second solidifying agent. Preferably, the same material is used for both the first solidifying agent and the second solidifying agent. However, since the transparency is optional, if necessary, a filler such as an organic oxide may be added to the second solidifying agent to further improve the weatherability and the mechanical properties, or a pigment may be added to color it.
- a filler such as an organic oxide may be added to the second solidifying agent to further improve the weatherability and the mechanical properties, or a pigment may be added to color it.
- photovoltaic element 101 known elements, in particular monocrystalline silicon cells, multicrystalline silicon cells, amorphous silicon and microcrystalline silicon are preferably used, as they are also used in thin-film silicon cells. Furthermore, copper-indium-selenide and semiconductor compounds are particularly suitable.
- FIG. 2a A schematic block diagram of a preferred photovoltaic element is shown in Figs. 2a and 2b.
- Fig. 2a is a schematic cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic element
- Fig. 2b is a schematic plan view of a is photovoltaic element.
- numeral 201 denotes a conductive substrate, 202 a reflective layer on the back surface, 203 a photoactive semiconductor layer, 204 a transparent conductive layer, 205 a collector electrode, 206a and 206b alligator clips, and 207 and 208 conductive, adhesive or conductive pastes.
- the conductive substrate 201 serves not only as a substrate of the photovoltaic element but also as a second electrode.
- the material of the conductive substrate 201 preferably comprises silicon, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, stainless steel, aluminum, copper, titanium, a carbon foil, a leaded steel plate, a resin film and / or ceramic having a conductive layer thereon.
- a metal layer, a metal oxide layer or both is preferably provided as a reflective layer 202 on the back side.
- the metal layer preferably comprises Ti, Cr, Mo, B, Al, Ag and / or Ni, whereas the metal oxide layer preferably contains ZnO, TiO 2 and SnO 2.
- the metal layer and the metal oxide layer are suitably formed by vapor deposition by heating or by electron beam or by sputtering.
- the photoactive semiconductor layer 203 serves to perform the photoelectric conversion.
- Matehals preferred in this context are pn junction polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon pin junction types, microcrystalline silicon pin junction types, and semiconductor compounds, particularly CuInSe 2 , CuInS 2 , GaAs, CdS / Cu 2 S, CdS / CdTe, CdS / lnP and CdTe / Cu 2 Te.
- the use of pin junction types made of amorphous silicon is particularly preferred.
- the preparation of the photoactive semiconductor layer is preferably carried out by forming molten silicon into a film, or by heat treatment of amorphous silicon in the case of polycrystalline silicon, by plasma gas phase deposition using a silane gas as Starting material in the case of amorphous silicon and microcrystalline silicon and by ion plating, ion beam deposition, vacuum evaporation, sputtering or plating in the case of a semiconductor compound.
- the transparent conductive layer 204 serves as the upper electrode of the solar cell. It preferably comprises ln 2 O 3, SnO 2 , In 2 Os-SnO 2 (ITO), ZnO, TiO 2 , Cd 2 SnO 4 or a crystalline semiconductor layer doped with a large concentration of impurities. It can be formed by resistance heating vapor deposition, sputtering, spraying, vapor deposition or by diffusion of impurities.
- the conductive substrate and the transparent conductive layer may partially due to the unevenness of the surface of the conductive substrate 201 and / or the non-uniformity at the time of formation of the photoactive Semiconductor layer be shorted.
- the leakage resistance shunt resistance
- a defect-removing treatment is described in detail in US Pat. No. 4,729,970.
- the shunt resistance of the photovoltaic element is set to 1 - 500 k ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 , preferably 10 - 500 k ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 .
- the collecting electrode can be formed on the transparent conductive layer 204. It is preferably in the form of a grid, a comb, a line or the like to effectively collect the electric current.
- Preferred examples of the material constituting the collecting electrode 205 are Ti, Cr, Mo, W, Al, Ag, Ni, Cu, Sn or a conductive paste called silver paste.
- the collecting electrode 205 is preferably formed by sputtering using a mask pattern, by resistance heating, by vapor deposition, by a method comprising the steps of forming a metal film over the entire layer by gas deposition and removing unnecessary portions of the film by etching, by a method in which one forms a grid electrode pattern by photochemical vapor deposition by a method comprising the steps of forming a negative marking pattern of the grid electrode and plating the patterned surface by a method of printing a conductive paste by a method which is used to solder metal wires onto a printed conductive paste.
- the conductive paste there is preferably used a binder polymer in which silver, gold, copper, nickel, carbon or the like is dispersed in the form of a fine powder.
- the binder polymer preferably includes polyester resins, ethoxy resins, acrylic resins, alkyd resins, polyvinyl acetate resins, rubbers, urethane resins, and / or phenolic resins.
- tapping ends 206 are preferably attached to the conductive substrate 201 and to the collecting electrode 205, respectively, for tapping the electromotive force.
- the attachment of the taps 206 to the conductive substrate is preferably achieved by placing a metal body, such as a metal body.
- a copper nose is attached to the conductive substrate by spot welding or soldering, while the attachment of the pickup ends to the collecting electrode is preferably accomplished by electrically connecting a metal body to the collecting electrode by means of a conductive paste or solder 207 and 208.
- the photovoltaic elements are connected either in series or in parallel according to the desired voltage or current. Furthermore, the voltage or current can be controlled by inserting the photovoltaic elements into an insulating substrate.
- the pane 103 in FIG. 1 should have the highest possible weather resistance, the best possible dirt-repellent effect and the greatest possible mechanical strength, since it is the outermost layer of the solar cell module. Furthermore, it should ensure the long-term reliability of the solar cell module in outdoor use.
- Discs that may be suitably used for the purposes of the present invention include (reinforced) glass sheets and fluoride polymer films. As the glass sheet, a glass sheet having high light transmittance is preferably used.
- Suitable fluoride polymer films include, in particular, ethylene tetrafluoride-ethylene copolymer (ETFE), polyvinyl fluoride resin (PVF), polyvinylidene fluoride resin (PVDF), tetrafluoroethylene resin (TFE), ethylene tetrafluoride-propylene hexafluoride copolymer (FEP), and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE).
- ETFE ethylene tetrafluoride-ethylene copolymer
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride resin
- TFE tetrafluoroethylene resin
- FEP ethylene tetrafluoride-propylene hexafluoride copolymer
- CTFE chlorotrifluoroethylene
- the polyvinylidene fluoride resin is particularly suitable in terms of weatherability, while the ethylene tetrafluoride-ethylene copolymer is particularly advantageous in the combination of weatherability and mechanical strength.
- stretched films are
- the disc is made of the molding composition of the invention.
- the rear wall 105 is for electrical insulation between the photovoltaic element 101 and the environment and for improving the weatherability and acts as a reinforcing material. It is preferably formed of a material which ensures sufficient electrical insulating properties, has excellent long term durability, can withstand thermal expansion and thermal contraction, and is flexible. Particularly suitable materials for these purposes include nylon films, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films, and polyvinyl fluoride films. If moisture resistance is required, preference is given to aluminum-laminated polyvinyl fluoride films, aluminum-coated PET Films, silica-coated PET films used. Furthermore, the fire resistance of the module can be improved by using a foil laminated galvanized iron foil or a stainless steel foil as the back wall.
- the rear wall is made of the molding composition according to the invention.
- a supporting plate may be mounted on the outer surface of the backplane to further enhance the mechanical strength of the solar cell module or to prevent buckling and sagging of the backplane due to temperature changes.
- Particularly preferred back walls are sheets of stainless steel, plastic sheets and sheets of FRP (fiber reinforced plastic).
- a building material may be attached to the rear window.
- the solidifying agent film is preferably introduced between the element and the disk and solidified between the element and the back wall and then.
- thermo consolidation For carrying out the thermal consolidation, known methods, such as e.g. Vacuum lamination and roll lamination can be used.
- the solar cell module according to the invention preferably has an operating temperature of up to 80 0 C or higher, in particular at high temperatures of the heat-resistant effect of the molding composition of the invention can be effectively used.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (12)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| RU2011123674/05A RU2011123674A (ru) | 2008-11-13 | 2009-10-15 | Формовочные массы для изготовления модулей солнечных элементов |
| JP2011535951A JP2012508802A (ja) | 2008-11-13 | 2009-10-15 | 太陽電池モジュールを製造するための成形材料 |
| EP09752767A EP2344579A1 (de) | 2008-11-13 | 2009-10-15 | Formmassen zur herstellung von solarzellenmodulen |
| US13/123,790 US20110269883A1 (en) | 2008-11-13 | 2009-10-15 | Moulding compounds for the production of solar cell modules |
| CA2743657A CA2743657A1 (en) | 2008-11-13 | 2009-10-15 | Moulding compounds for the production of solar cell modules |
| CN2009801449956A CN102216379A (zh) | 2008-11-13 | 2009-10-15 | 用于制造太阳能电池组合件的模塑组合物 |
| BRPI0921050A BRPI0921050A2 (pt) | 2008-11-13 | 2009-10-15 | compostos de moldagem para modulos de células solares |
| AU2009315791A AU2009315791A1 (en) | 2008-11-13 | 2009-10-15 | Molding compounds for the production of solar cell modules |
| IL212141A IL212141A0 (en) | 2008-11-13 | 2011-04-05 | Molding compounds for the production of solar cell modules |
| TN2011000159A TN2011000159A1 (en) | 2008-11-13 | 2011-04-06 | Molding compounds for the production of solar cell modules |
| ZA2011/03488A ZA201103488B (en) | 2008-11-13 | 2011-05-12 | Molding compounds for the production of solar cell modules |
| MA33841A MA32793B1 (fr) | 2008-11-13 | 2011-05-13 | Matieres a mouler pour la fabrication de modules photovoltaiques |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008043719A DE102008043719A1 (de) | 2008-11-13 | 2008-11-13 | Formmassen zur Herstellung von Solarzellenmodulen |
| DE102008043719.0 | 2008-11-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2010054906A1 true WO2010054906A1 (de) | 2010-05-20 |
Family
ID=41445429
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2009/063439 Ceased WO2010054906A1 (de) | 2008-11-13 | 2009-10-15 | Formmassen zur herstellung von solarzellenmodulen |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20110269883A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2344579A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2012508802A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20110087284A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN102216379A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2009315791A1 (de) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0921050A2 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2743657A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102008043719A1 (de) |
| IL (1) | IL212141A0 (de) |
| MA (1) | MA32793B1 (de) |
| RU (1) | RU2011123674A (de) |
| TN (1) | TN2011000159A1 (de) |
| TW (1) | TW201033276A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2010054906A1 (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201103488B (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011160925A1 (de) * | 2010-06-25 | 2011-12-29 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Herstellung von solarzellenmodulen |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10345045A1 (de) * | 2003-09-26 | 2005-04-14 | Röhm GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren zur Oberflächenvergütung von Werkstoffen durch Aufbringen insbesondere transparenter Schichten auf Basis von Polymethacrylaten |
| DE102004045296A1 (de) * | 2004-09-16 | 2006-03-23 | Röhm GmbH & Co. KG | Verwendung von Polyalkyl (meth) acrylat-Perlpolymerisaten und Formmasse zur Herstellung von extrudierten Formteilen mit mattierter Oberfläche |
| DE102004058083A1 (de) * | 2004-12-01 | 2006-06-08 | Röhm GmbH & Co. KG | Gedeckt eingefärbte, infrarotreflektierende Kunststoffformmasse |
| DE102005055793A1 (de) | 2005-11-21 | 2007-05-24 | Röhm Gmbh | Transparente TPU (thermoplastische Polyurethane)/ PMMA (Polymethyl(meth)acrylat) Abmischungen mit verbesserter Kältesschlagzähigkeit |
| DE102007005432A1 (de) * | 2007-01-30 | 2008-07-31 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Formmassen für mattierte Polyacrylat-Formkörper |
| DE102007026200A1 (de) * | 2007-06-04 | 2008-12-11 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Zusammensetzung mit erhöhter Spannungsrissbeständigkeit |
| DE102007026201A1 (de) * | 2007-06-04 | 2008-12-11 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Eingefärbte Zusammensetzung mit erhöhter Spannungsrissbeständigkeit |
| DE102007028601A1 (de) * | 2007-06-19 | 2008-12-24 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Reaktivgemisch zur Beschichtung von Formkörpern mittels Reaktionsspritzguss sowie beschichteter Formkörper |
| DE102007029263A1 (de) * | 2007-06-22 | 2008-12-24 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | PMMA/PVDF-Folie mit besonders hoher Witterungsbeständigkeit und hoher UV-Schutzwirkung |
| DE102007051482A1 (de) * | 2007-10-25 | 2009-04-30 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von beschichteten Formkörpern |
| DE102008001231A1 (de) * | 2008-04-17 | 2009-10-22 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Flammfeste PMMA-Formmasse |
| DE102008001695A1 (de) * | 2008-05-09 | 2009-11-12 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Poly(meth)acrylimide mit verbesserten optischen und Farbeigenschaften, insbesondere bei thermischer Belastung |
| DE102008043713A1 (de) * | 2008-11-13 | 2010-05-20 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Herstellung von Solarzellenmodulen |
| DE102011008645A1 (de) | 2011-01-14 | 2012-07-19 | Thomas Rösener | Solarmodul |
| KR101305660B1 (ko) * | 2011-10-17 | 2013-09-09 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 태양전지 모듈 및 이의 제조방법 |
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| US4729970A (en) | 1986-09-15 | 1988-03-08 | Energy Conversion Devices, Inc. | Conversion process for passivating short circuit current paths in semiconductor devices |
| JPH10270730A (ja) * | 1997-03-25 | 1998-10-09 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 太陽電池モジュール |
| JPH11289103A (ja) * | 1998-02-05 | 1999-10-19 | Canon Inc | 半導体装置および太陽電池モジュ―ル及びその解体方法 |
| US6414236B1 (en) | 1999-06-30 | 2002-07-02 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Solar cell module |
| JP2001068701A (ja) * | 1999-08-25 | 2001-03-16 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 太陽電池モジュ−ル用保護シ−トおよびそれを使用した太陽電池モジュ−ル |
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| US7096931B2 (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2006-08-29 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Increased heat exchange in two or three phase slurry |
| JP2005105102A (ja) * | 2003-09-30 | 2005-04-21 | Nippon A & L Kk | 吸湿性に優れた導光体用樹脂組成物および導光体製品 |
| JP4737661B2 (ja) | 2004-04-15 | 2011-08-03 | 三菱レイヨン株式会社 | メタクリル樹脂成形品とその製法、および前面板 |
| JP4526022B2 (ja) * | 2004-12-03 | 2010-08-18 | 三井・デュポンポリケミカル株式会社 | 積層体及びその用途 |
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| US20080196760A1 (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2008-08-21 | Richard Allen Hayes | Articles such as safety laminates and solar cell modules containing high melt flow acid copolymer compositions |
| DE102008043713A1 (de) * | 2008-11-13 | 2010-05-20 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Herstellung von Solarzellenmodulen |
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2008
- 2008-11-13 DE DE102008043719A patent/DE102008043719A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-10-15 US US13/123,790 patent/US20110269883A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-10-15 RU RU2011123674/05A patent/RU2011123674A/ru unknown
- 2009-10-15 CA CA2743657A patent/CA2743657A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-10-15 WO PCT/EP2009/063439 patent/WO2010054906A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2009-10-15 CN CN2009801449956A patent/CN102216379A/zh active Pending
- 2009-10-15 KR KR1020117010821A patent/KR20110087284A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-10-15 AU AU2009315791A patent/AU2009315791A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-10-15 JP JP2011535951A patent/JP2012508802A/ja active Pending
- 2009-10-15 EP EP09752767A patent/EP2344579A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-10-15 BR BRPI0921050A patent/BRPI0921050A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-11-11 TW TW098138252A patent/TW201033276A/zh unknown
-
2011
- 2011-04-05 IL IL212141A patent/IL212141A0/en unknown
- 2011-04-06 TN TN2011000159A patent/TN2011000159A1/fr unknown
- 2011-05-12 ZA ZA2011/03488A patent/ZA201103488B/en unknown
- 2011-05-13 MA MA33841A patent/MA32793B1/fr unknown
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| DE3838480A1 (de) * | 1987-11-24 | 1989-06-08 | Sandoz Ag | Lichtstabilisierte flammfest ausgeruestete methylmethacrylatpolymere und -copolymere |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2011160925A1 (de) * | 2010-06-25 | 2011-12-29 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Herstellung von solarzellenmodulen |
| CN102858866A (zh) * | 2010-06-25 | 2013-01-02 | 赢创罗姆有限公司 | 太阳能电池模块的制备 |
| AU2011269243B2 (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2014-05-08 | Evonik Rohm Gmbh | Production of solar cell modules |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TN2011000159A1 (en) | 2012-12-17 |
| JP2012508802A (ja) | 2012-04-12 |
| EP2344579A1 (de) | 2011-07-20 |
| BRPI0921050A2 (pt) | 2015-12-29 |
| US20110269883A1 (en) | 2011-11-03 |
| IL212141A0 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
| MA32793B1 (fr) | 2011-11-01 |
| ZA201103488B (en) | 2012-01-25 |
| AU2009315791A1 (en) | 2010-05-20 |
| TW201033276A (en) | 2010-09-16 |
| RU2011123674A (ru) | 2012-12-20 |
| CN102216379A (zh) | 2011-10-12 |
| CA2743657A1 (en) | 2010-05-20 |
| DE102008043719A1 (de) | 2010-05-20 |
| KR20110087284A (ko) | 2011-08-02 |
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