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WO2010044719A1 - Oscillateur à cathode virtuelle (vircator) présentant une fréquence et une polarisation variables - Google Patents

Oscillateur à cathode virtuelle (vircator) présentant une fréquence et une polarisation variables Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010044719A1
WO2010044719A1 PCT/SE2009/000461 SE2009000461W WO2010044719A1 WO 2010044719 A1 WO2010044719 A1 WO 2010044719A1 SE 2009000461 W SE2009000461 W SE 2009000461W WO 2010044719 A1 WO2010044719 A1 WO 2010044719A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cathode
anode
vircator
emitting material
rotation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/SE2009/000461
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Tomas Hurtig
Cecilia MÖLLER
Mattias Elfsberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TotalFoersvarets Forskningsinstitut FOI
Original Assignee
TotalFoersvarets Forskningsinstitut FOI
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by TotalFoersvarets Forskningsinstitut FOI filed Critical TotalFoersvarets Forskningsinstitut FOI
Publication of WO2010044719A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010044719A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
    • H01J23/04—Cathodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
    • H01J29/46—Arrangements of electrodes and associated parts for generating or controlling the ray or beam, e.g. electron-optical arrangement
    • H01J29/48—Electron guns

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vircator that makes it possible for a user to manipulate the vircator in such a way as to generate radiation wherein both the polarisation and frequency of the radiation can be varied. More specifically the invention relates to a variation of a coaxial vircator.
  • a vircator (from the English term "virtual cathode oscillator") is most easily described as a microwave generator where the radiation is generated by means of oscillations created between a cathode, a virtual cathode and an intermediate anode.
  • the central concept with a vircator according to prior art is how the virtual cathode is created.
  • a known vircator can be described as follows. First of all the vircator contains a cathode. In the case of a coaxial vircator said cathode possesses a cylindrical symmetry. Moreover said cathode is covered with an emitting material which, upon applying a voltage over the vircator, makes emission of electrons possible.
  • the second part of the vircator is an anode which, as for the cathode, possesses a cylindrical symmetry in the case of a coaxial vircator and which furthermore is provided inside of the cathode (hence the name coaxial).
  • a necessary feature of the anode is that it is partly transparent for electrons.
  • electrons will be emitted from the emitting material. These electrons will accelerate towards the anode and if this anode is transparent some of the electrons will propagate from the cathode pass the anode to an area beyond the anode. In this area the electrons will accumulate and create an electron cloud.
  • This cloud of electrons can be viewed as a virtual cathode.
  • the cloud is created depends on the geometry of the vircator, in the case of a linear vircator (that is, the anode and the cathode is provided after each other in the linear direction of the vircator) the virtual cathode will be created behind the anode as seen from the cathode while, in the case of a coaxial vircator the virtual cathode will be created inside of the anode. It is the interaction between this virtual cathode, the anode and the real cathode that provides the vircator with the features that makes it suitable as a microwave generator.
  • the vircator according to the present invention also provides the user with the possibility to quickly alterate the polarisation and the frequency of the pulses.
  • Fig. 1a discloses schematically a traditional and known coaxial vircator in side view.
  • the cathode is given the numeral (11) and the anode the numeral (10).
  • the whole surface of the cathode is covered by an emitting material (12).
  • the common symmetry axis of the anode and the cathode is given the numeral (13).
  • Fig. 1b discloses the cathode-anode arrangement for the same vircator as seen in cross-section.
  • the common axis (13) of the cathode (11) and the anode (10) is directed into the paper.
  • Fig.2a is a side view of a vircator version according to the present invention wherein the anode (10) and the cathode (11) are positioned asymmetrically, that is, they do not a share a common symmetry axis.
  • the symmetry axis of the cathode is given the numeral (13) and the symmetry axis of the anode is given the numeral (23).
  • Fig 2b discloses the anode-cathode arrangement for the vircator in fig 2a, but as seen in cross-section.
  • the symmetry axis of the anode as well as the symmetry axis of the cathode is directed into the paper.
  • the axes are however asymmetrical.
  • the symmetry point of the anode is denoted with an x corresponding to (14) and the corresponding symmetry point of the anode is denoted with a + corresponding to (24).
  • In the figure are only parts of the inner surface of the cathode (11) covered with the emitting material denoted by (22).
  • Fig. 3 a-d discloses four different states for the case that the cathode (11) is allowed to rotate around the anode (10).
  • FIG. 3 a-d discloses four different states for the case that the cathode (11) is allowed to rotate around the anode (10).
  • FIG. 3 a-d discloses four different states for the case that the cathode (11) is allowed to rotate around the anode (10).
  • FIG. 3 a-d discloses four different states for the case that the cathode (11) is allowed to rotate around the anode (10).
  • FIG. 3 a-d discloses four different states for the case that the cathode (11) is allowed to rotate around the anode (10).
  • Fig. 4a discloses a cathode-anode arrangement according to figure 2 b with a turning rod (15) provided on the cathode. There is also disclosed an electric motor (16) that acts turn the turning rod to thereby rotate the cathode (11) around the anode (10).
  • Fig 4b discloses the cathode-anode arrangement according to figure 2b or figure 4a but where it is also disclosed a magnet arrangement with an outer magnet (17) and an inner magnet (18) which, through magnetic interaction, is used to rotate the cathode around the anode.
  • the magnets are symbolically disclosed as horse-shoe magnets in the figures to obtain clarity.
  • the electric motor is used to magnetise the magnet (17).
  • FIG 1a and 1b there is disclosed a conventional vircator according to prior art.
  • the cylindrically shaped cathode is denoted (12) and the cylindrically shaped anode is denoted (10).
  • the virtual cathode which in reality comprises a number of electrons, is positioned in the cylindrically constrained area inside the anode.
  • the whole inner surface of the cylindrically shaped cathode (11) is covered by a material (22) that emits electrons.
  • the symmetry axis (13) for the cathode and the anode coincides in this type of known vircator.
  • FIG 2 there is instead disclosed a vircator according to the invention.
  • the cylindrically shaped cathode is provided relative the anode in such a way that their midpoints, or symmetry points, do not coincide. That is, they are asymmetrically provided relative each other.
  • a vircator with the following features: i) the cathode of the vircator is only partly covered with an emitting material, ii) the cathode of the vircator is allowed to rotate around its own symmetry axis iii) the cathode of the vircator and the anode of the vircator are asymmetrically provided relative each other.
  • the cathode is asymmetrically provided relative the anode only means that the midpoints of the anode and the cathode are not common.
  • the cylindrically shaped anode and the cylindrically shaped cathode share a common midpoint (symmetry point) they will clearly share a common symmetry axis (that is, a common cylinder symmetrical symmetry axis).
  • a common midpoint that is, a common cylinder symmetrical symmetry axis.
  • a third embodiment of a vircator according to the present invention pertains to a vircator according to the preceding example with the difference that the whole surface of the cathode is covered with an emitting material.
  • the cathode and the anode are asymmetrically provided and therefore a rotation of the cathode around the anode makes the distance between the midpoint, or symmetry point, of the anode and the emitting material vary. This will provide the user with a variable to vary during use, namely the distance between the anode and the surface of the cathode.
  • a vircator according to any of these described embodiments therefore provides the user with means to influence the polarisation and frequency of the generated radiation in such a way as to maximise the performance and usefulness of the vircator in different situations.
  • FIG 4 b there is disclosed yet another method that can be used to rotate the cathode around the anode where the method is based on providing the outer surface of the cathode with an inner magnet (18). In this way it is possible to rotate the cathode by means of an outer magnet (17) provided on the outside of the vircator.
  • the vircator casing is symbolically represented as a square. Through magnetic interaction between the inner and outer magnet it is possible make the cathode rotate by letting the outer magnet rotate around the symmetry axis of the cathode. It is possible to use more than one magnet on the cathode surface and more than one magnet provided outside the vircator.

Landscapes

  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention a trait à un oscillateur à cathode virtuelle (vircator) coaxial dont la cathode est agencée, par rapport à l’anode, de manière à pouvoir tourner autour de son propre axe ainsi que de l’axe cylindrique des anodes. Selon des modes de réalisation supplémentaires, seules certaines parties de la surface de la cathode sont recouvertes d’un matériau émetteur ce qui permet d’obtenir une dépendance angulaire entre le couvercle émetteur et l’anode. En variante, ou en complément, l’anode et la cathode peuvent avoir des axes de symétrie agencés de façon asymétrique. Ceci permet d’obtenir une distance variable entre le milieu des anodes et le milieu des cathodes.
PCT/SE2009/000461 2008-10-16 2009-10-14 Oscillateur à cathode virtuelle (vircator) présentant une fréquence et une polarisation variables Ceased WO2010044719A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0802209-7 2008-10-16
SE0802209A SE531894C2 (sv) 2008-10-16 2008-10-16 Virkator med variabel frekvens och polarisation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010044719A1 true WO2010044719A1 (fr) 2010-04-22

Family

ID=41008212

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE2009/000461 Ceased WO2010044719A1 (fr) 2008-10-16 2009-10-14 Oscillateur à cathode virtuelle (vircator) présentant une fréquence et une polarisation variables

Country Status (2)

Country Link
SE (1) SE531894C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010044719A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4126806A (en) * 1977-09-26 1978-11-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Intense ion beam producing reflex triode
US4826646A (en) * 1985-10-29 1989-05-02 Energy/Matter Conversion Corporation, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling charged particles
RU2175155C2 (ru) * 1999-03-29 2001-10-20 Российский Федеральный Ядерный Центр - Всероссийский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Экспериментальной Физики Способ генерации импульсов сверхвысокочастотного излучения в приборе с виртуальным катодом и виркатор для его реализации
WO2008039505A2 (fr) * 2006-09-27 2008-04-03 Emc2 Procede et appareil de controle de particules chargees

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4126806A (en) * 1977-09-26 1978-11-21 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Intense ion beam producing reflex triode
US4826646A (en) * 1985-10-29 1989-05-02 Energy/Matter Conversion Corporation, Inc. Method and apparatus for controlling charged particles
RU2175155C2 (ru) * 1999-03-29 2001-10-20 Российский Федеральный Ядерный Центр - Всероссийский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Экспериментальной Физики Способ генерации импульсов сверхвысокочастотного излучения в приборе с виртуальным катодом и виркатор для его реализации
WO2008039505A2 (fr) * 2006-09-27 2008-04-03 Emc2 Procede et appareil de controle de particules chargees

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JIANG W. ET AL: "High power microwave generation by a coaxial virtual cathode oscillator", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE, vol. 27, no. 5, 1999, pages 1538 - 1542, XP011045392 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE0802209L (sv) 2009-09-01
SE531894C2 (sv) 2009-09-01

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