WO2009125695A1 - 含フッ素イオン交換樹脂の分散組成物 - Google Patents
含フッ素イオン交換樹脂の分散組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009125695A1 WO2009125695A1 PCT/JP2009/056650 JP2009056650W WO2009125695A1 WO 2009125695 A1 WO2009125695 A1 WO 2009125695A1 JP 2009056650 W JP2009056650 W JP 2009056650W WO 2009125695 A1 WO2009125695 A1 WO 2009125695A1
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- ion exchange
- exchange resin
- fluorine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J39/00—Cation exchange; Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
- B01J39/08—Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
- B01J39/16—Organic material
- B01J39/18—Macromolecular compounds
- B01J39/20—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2231—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
- C08J5/2237—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds containing fluorine
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8807—Gas diffusion layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0239—Organic resins; Organic polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0241—Composites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1039—Polymeric electrolyte materials halogenated, e.g. sulfonated polyvinylidene fluorides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1072—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes by chemical reactions, e.g. in situ polymerisation or in situ crosslinking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1081—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes starting from solutions, dispersions or slurries exclusively of polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2327/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a dispersion composition of a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin, a production method thereof, an electrolyte membrane for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, a gas diffusion electrode for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, and a fuel cell.
- fluorine-containing ion exchange resin having a sulfonic acid-type functional group
- the dispersion composition of the ion exchange resin is required to have a low viscosity in a higher concentration state so that it can be easily handled as a material for the electrolyte membrane and the electrode.
- Typical examples of the dispersion composition of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin having a sulfonic acid type functional group include Nafion ⁇ (R)> Dispersion Solution (manufactured by DuPont, USA), Aciplex ⁇ (R)>-SS (Asahi Kasei Chemicals Corporation) Manufactured) and the like. Since the dispersibility of a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin having a sulfonic acid type functional group in a solvent is extremely low, so far, dispersion compositions in which a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin is dispersed in a solvent by various techniques have been proposed.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a solution of a sulfonic acid-containing fluorocarbon polymer in alcohol.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a liquid composition of a perfluorinated ion exchange polymer having an equivalent weight in the range of 1025 to 1500.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a highly fluorinated ion exchange polymer particle-containing composition that has been subjected to a dispersion treatment using water or a dispersion medium composed of water and benzene.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a sulfonic acid type perfluoro copolymer dispersion produced by a homogenization method using a disperser, and Patent Document 5 performs a washing step in water under heat and pressure. Subsequently, a sulfonic acid type perfluoro copolymer dispersion produced by a method of performing a dispersion treatment is disclosed.
- Patent Documents 1, 2, 4, and 5 what is specifically disclosed is a dispersion composition containing a low concentration of a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin. Moreover, what is specifically disclosed in Patent Document 3 is a dispersion composition obtained by a dispersion treatment at a high temperature exceeding 230 ° C.
- Fluorine-containing ion exchange resins exhibit extremely high chemical durability because the molecular skeleton is fully fluorinated, and can be used under severe conditions. Among them, when a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin having a low equivalent mass is used as the material for the electrolyte membrane and the electrode, the proton conductivity becomes high and a high output as a fuel cell can be obtained. A highly concentrated and low-viscosity dispersion composition using an ion exchange resin as a raw material is desired.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is that a liquid composition in which a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin is dispersed has a very low solution viscosity even when the concentration of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin is increased by concentration.
- the object is to provide a dispersion composition of an ion exchange resin.
- a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin comprising a specific repeating unit and having an equivalent mass in a specific range and a solvent containing water. It has been found that a dispersion composition of an ion exchange resin, in which the presence ratio of a resin having a particle size of 10 ⁇ m or more in the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin is adjusted to a specific range, can solve the above problems. Moreover, it has been found that by using the dispersion composition, a gas diffusion electrode for a fuel cell having excellent current-voltage characteristics when the battery is operated can be produced, and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention provides a dispersion composition of a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin and a method for producing the same, an electrolyte membrane for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell produced using the dispersion composition of a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin, and a solid composition.
- a gas diffusion electrode for a molecular fuel cell is provided.
- a dispersion composition wherein the proportion of the resin having a particle size of 10 ⁇ m or more in the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin is 0.1 to 80% by volume.
- a gas diffusion electrode for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell produced using the dispersion composition according to any one of [1] to [5] above.
- a fuel cell comprising the electrolyte membrane for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to [6] and / or the gas diffusion electrode for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell according to [7].
- a method for producing a dispersion composition of a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin comprising a copolymer comprising repeating units of the following formulas (1) and (2),
- Z is H, Cl, F or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- m is an integer of 0 to 12
- n is an integer of 0 to 2.
- 1% by mass of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin having an equivalent mass of 400 to 1000 g / eq in a mixed solvent containing 50.1 to 99.9% by mass of water and 0.1 to 49.9% by mass of alcohol A step of mixing less than 15% by mass, Dispersing the aqueous composition containing the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin;
- a method for producing a dispersion composition comprising: [10] The method for producing a dispersion composition according to [9] above, wherein the alcohol is one or more alcohols selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, 1-
- a dispersion composition containing a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin at a high concentration and having a low viscosity can be obtained.
- the dispersion composition of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin of the present embodiment (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “dispersion composition”) is Dispersion composition of a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin comprising a repeating unit of the following formulas (1) and (2) and having an equivalent mass of 400 to 1000 g / eq, and a solvent containing water A thing,
- Z is H, Cl, F or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- m is an integer of 0 to 12
- n is an integer of 0 to 2.
- the ratio of the resin having a particle size of 10 ⁇ m or more in the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin is 0.1 to 80% by volume.
- the dispersion composition of the present embodiment has the above-described configuration, it can maintain a low viscosity and a homogeneous state even when the resin concentration is increased by concentration.
- the resin concentration is high, when the film is formed by the solution casting method using the dispersion composition, it is possible to remove the solvent in a shorter time and improve the productivity of the electrolyte membrane. it can.
- the viscosity is low, the dispersibility of the catalyst particles at the time of electrode preparation is excellent, so that the power generation characteristics of the fuel cell can be improved.
- the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin used in the present embodiment includes a fluorine-containing copolymer containing a fluorinated olefin monomer represented by the following formula (3) and a vinyl fluoride compound represented by the following formula (4). It is obtained by hydrolyzing an ion exchange resin precursor.
- Z is H, Cl, F, or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- n is an integer of 0 to 2
- W is a functional group that can be converted to SO 3 H by hydrolysis.
- the functional group W that can be converted to SO 3 H by hydrolysis is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include SO 2 F, SO 2 Cl, and SO 2 Br.
- the above-mentioned fluorine-containing ion exchange resin precursor can be synthesized by a known means.
- a polymerization solvent such as fluorine-containing hydrocarbon
- fluorinated olefin represented by the above formula (3)
- fluorinated olefin the fluorinated olefin represented by the above formula (3)
- fluorinated olefin the fluorinated olefin represented by the above formula (3) (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “fluorinated olefin”) and the above formula (4)
- a method of polymerizing by reacting by filling and dissolving the expressed vinyl fluoride compound hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “vinyl fluoride compound”
- a solvent such as fluorine-containing hydrocarbon
- surfactant aqueous solution a medium for filling and reacting with the fluorinated olefin and the vinyl fluoride compound
- Emulsion polymerization a method in which an a
- Microemulsion polymerization a method of polymerization by reacting with filling suspended and the fluorinated olefin and the fluorinated vinyl compound (suspension polymerization), and the like to an aqueous solution of a suspension stabilizer.
- uspension polymerization a method of polymerization by reacting with filling suspended and the fluorinated olefin and the fluorinated vinyl compound (suspension polymerization), and the like to an aqueous solution of a suspension stabilizer.
- any polymerization method can be used as a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin precursor.
- fluorine-containing hydrocarbon used as the polymerization solvent for the solution polymerization examples include “chlorofluorocarbons” such as trichlorotrifluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane, and the like.
- chlorofluorocarbons such as trichlorotrifluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane, and the like.
- a group of compounds generally referred to as “can be preferably used.
- the melt was measured in a fluorinated ion exchange resin precursor at a temperature of 270 ° C., an orifice inner diameter of 2.09 mm, an orifice length of 8 mm, and a load of 2.16 kg. It is preferred to use a flow rate.
- the melt flow rate of the fluorinated ion exchange resin precursor in the present embodiment is preferably 0.01 g / 10 min or more, more preferably 0.1 g / 10 min or more, and further preferably 0.3 g / 10 min or more.
- the melt flow rate of the fluorinated ion exchange resin precursor in the present embodiment is preferably 100 g / 10 min or less, more preferably 50 g / 10 min or less, and further preferably 10 g / 10 min or less.
- the melt flow rate of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin precursor is 0.01 g / 10 min or more, the dispersion composition of the present embodiment can be easily obtained.
- the viscosity of the obtained dispersion composition becomes low, it tends to be easy to handle at the time of preparing an electrolyte membrane or an electrode.
- the melt flow rate is 100 g / 10 min or less, the strength of the electrolyte membrane produced using the dispersion composition tends to increase.
- the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin precursor can be extruded using a nozzle, a die or the like using an extruder.
- This molding method and the shape of the molded body are not particularly limited, but in order to speed up the treatment in the hydrolysis treatment and acid treatment described later, the molded body is preferably in the form of pellets of 0.5 cm 3 or less.
- the obtained powder or flaky resin may be used.
- the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin in the present embodiment can be produced by performing a hydrolysis treatment, for example, by a method such as immersing the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin precursor in a basic reaction solution.
- the basic reaction solution used for the hydrolysis treatment is not particularly limited, but an aqueous solution of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide is preferable.
- the content of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide in the aqueous solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 to 30% by mass or less.
- the basic reaction solution includes alcohols such as methyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol, ketones such as acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide (hereinafter referred to as “DMSO”), N, N-dimethylacetamide (hereinafter referred to as “DMAC”). And a swellable organic solvent such as a dipolar solvent such as N, N-dimethylformamide (hereinafter referred to as “DMF”).
- DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide
- DMAC N, N-dimethylacetamide
- DMF dipolar solvent
- the content of the organic solvent is preferably 1 to 30% by mass or less in the mixed solvent of the basic reaction solution.
- the hydrolysis temperature in the hydrolysis treatment varies depending on the solvent type, solvent composition, etc. used in the hydrolysis treatment, but the treatment time can be shortened as the hydrolysis temperature is increased, and the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin precursor In view of ease of handling, it is preferably 20 to 160 ° C.
- the functional group W in the above-mentioned fluorine-containing ion exchange resin precursor can be reacted for a sufficient time so that all the functional groups W can be converted into SO 3 K or SO 3 Na by hydrolysis.
- the reaction time is preferably 0.5 to 48 hr.
- the fluorinated ion exchange resin in the present embodiment is subjected to an acid treatment after hydrolyzing the fluorinated ion exchange resin precursor in a basic reaction solution and then washing with water or the like as necessary. Can be manufactured.
- the acid used for the acid treatment is not particularly limited as long as it is a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid, or an organic acid such as oxalic acid, acetic acid, formic acid or trifluoroacetic acid. Moreover, the concentration of the acid used for the acid treatment is not particularly limited.
- the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin precursor is protonated to form an SO 3 H form. Then, it wash
- the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin in the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it is a resin composed of repeating units of the following formulas (1) and (2) and having an equivalent mass of 400 to 1000 g / eq.
- the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin preferably contains a copolymer represented by the following formula (5).
- the equivalent mass of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin in the present embodiment is 400 g / eq or more, preferably 450 g / eq or more, and more preferably 500 g / eq. Moreover, as an upper limit, it is 1000 g / eq, it is preferable that it is 950 g / eq or less, and it is more preferable that it is 900 g / eq. When the equivalent mass is 1000 g / eq or less, an electrolyte membrane having excellent power generation performance can be obtained, and when it is 400 g / eq or more, an electrolyte membrane having low water absorption and excellent mechanical strength can be obtained. .
- the equivalent mass of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin can be measured according to the method described in Examples described later.
- the dispersion composition of the present embodiment includes the above-described fluorine-containing ion exchange resin and a solvent containing water.
- the content of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin in the dispersion composition is preferably 15 to 45% by mass, more preferably 17 to 43% by mass, and further preferably 20 to 40% by mass.
- the content of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin is 15% by mass or more, the amount of the solvent to be removed when producing the electrolyte membrane and the electrode using the dispersion composition tends to decrease, which is preferable.
- the viscosity of the resulting dispersion composition is stable over time, and it tends to prevent abnormal viscosity increase and partial gelation that occur during transportation and storage. .
- the content of the solvent containing water in the dispersion composition is preferably 55 to 85% by mass, more preferably 57 to 83% by mass, and further preferably 60 to 80% by mass.
- the dispersibility of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin in the dispersion composition of the present embodiment can be determined by the particle size distribution measured using a dynamic light scattering photometer. Assuming that the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin in the dispersion composition has a spherical structure, the particles in the dispersion composition have a particle size distribution, and there is no correlation between the particles, the scattering obtained from dynamic light scattering
- the time correlation function G1 (t) of light is expressed by the formula (II).
- C is a constant
- Pi is a particle size distribution function
- Di is a translational diffusion coefficient
- n is a refractive index of a solvent
- ⁇ is a scattering angle
- ⁇ is a wavelength of incident light
- t is time.
- Di in the formula (II) is related to the particle size di by the formula (IV).
- k is Boltzmann's constant
- T is the measurement temperature
- ⁇ is the viscosity of the solvent. Therefore, by fitting G1 (t) obtained by dynamic light scattering measurement with the formula (II), the particle size distribution of the particles in the dispersion composition can be obtained.
- particles having a particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m or less hereinafter referred to as small particles
- particles of 0.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m hereinafter referred to as medium particles
- particles of 10 ⁇ m or more hereinafter, large particles
- the diameter d3 and the existence ratio P3 / (P1 + P2 + P3) can be obtained.
- the values of D1, D2, and D3 are constrained so that the particle diameters d1, d2, and d3 obtained by the formula (IV) fall within the particle diameter ranges of small particles, medium particles, and large particles, respectively.
- the above analysis requires accurate G1 (t).
- the abundance ratio of the large particles measured as described above that is, the abundance ratio of the resin having a particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more in the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin is 0.1 to 80% by volume. It is preferably 5 to 75% by volume, more preferably 10 to 60% by volume.
- the abundance ratio of small particles and medium particles that is, the abundance ratio of the resin having a particle size of less than 10 ⁇ m in the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin is 20 to 99.9% by volume, preferably 25 to 95% by volume. Preferably, it is 40 to 90% by volume.
- the reason why there is an optimum range of the resin having a specific particle diameter is as follows. First, if the proportion of fluorine-containing ion exchange resin particles having a particle size of 10 ⁇ m or more is 80% by volume or less, that is, if the proportion of small particles and medium particles is large in the dispersion, it may be contained by a process such as concentration. Even when the concentration of the fluorine ion exchange resin is increased, the sulfonic acid groups of the ion exchange resin are electrostatically repelled so that the particles do not reassociate, so that the viscosity of the dispersion can be kept low.
- Viscosity of fluorinated ion exchange resin dispersion composition Viscosity of fluorinated ion exchange resin dispersion composition
- Viscosity ⁇ d (mPa ⁇ s) of the dispersion composition of the present embodiment is expressed by formula (I): ⁇ d ⁇ exp (0.26 ⁇ Cd) expressed using a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin concentration Cd (mass%). It is preferable to satisfy. If the viscosity with respect to the concentration is relatively low, the resin concentration at the time of film formation can be improved. Therefore, the viscosity range preferably satisfies ⁇ d ⁇ exp (0.25 ⁇ Cd), more preferably ⁇ d ⁇ exp ( 0.24 ⁇ Cd).
- the lower limit of the viscosity of the dispersion composition is not particularly limited, but is substantially 0.89 mPa ⁇ s or more since the viscosity value of water at 25 ° C. is 0.89 mPa ⁇ s.
- the dispersibility of the catalyst is extremely good because it has the same viscosity as water, and the content of the ion exchange resin
- the solvent is removed when forming the electrolyte membrane as the concentration is high, that is, the amount of the solvent contained can be reduced while maintaining a homogeneous solution state in the viscosity range where handling is possible. This is preferable because the drying step can be performed at a low temperature or for a short time.
- the dispersion composition of the present embodiment can cover the surface of the catalyst with a uniform and extremely thin fluorine-containing ion exchange resin when a gas diffusion electrode is produced, the resistance during power generation is reduced and the result is high. A high voltage can be obtained even in current density.
- Z is H, Cl, F or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- m is an integer of 0 to 12
- n is an integer of 0 to 2.
- 1% by mass of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin having an equivalent mass of 400 to 1000 eq / g in a mixed solvent containing 50.1 to 99.9% by mass of water and 0.1 to 49.9% by mass of alcohol A step of mixing less than 15% by mass, Dispersing the aqueous composition containing the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin;
- the viscosity ⁇ d (mPa ⁇ s) of the dispersion composition falls within the range of formula (I): ⁇ d ⁇ exp (0.26 ⁇ Cd).
- a dispersion composition of a certain fluorine-containing ion exchange resin can be produced.
- the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin and the mixed solvent are added to a pressure vessel equipped with an appropriate stirrer and mixed.
- the viscosity of the aqueous composition containing the fluorinated ion exchange resin in the dispersion treatment step can be appropriately controlled by mixing so that the concentration of the fluorinated ion exchange resin is 1 to less than 15% by mass.
- the concentration of the fluorinated ion exchange resin is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 2% by mass or more, and further preferably 3% by mass or more.
- the temperature of the liquid is preferably 220 ° C. or lower and can be dispersed by heating and stirring for 1 to 24 hours.
- the temperature during the dispersion treatment is preferably 100 ° C or higher, more preferably 110 ° C or higher, and further preferably 120 ° C or higher.
- the dispersion treatment temperature is preferably 100 ° C. or higher because the dispersibility of the fluorinated ion exchange resin is increased, and is preferably 220 ° C. or lower from the viewpoint of pressure during the dispersion treatment.
- the material of the pressure vessel for mixing and dispersing the fluorinated ion exchange resin is SUS304, SUS316, SUS329, SUS430, SUS444, Hastelloy ⁇ registered trademark>, Inconel ⁇ registered trademark>, Stellite ⁇ registered trademark>. > Etc. are preferably used.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- a certain device may be used. Specific examples include a TEM-D type device manufactured by Pressure Glass Industrial Co., Ltd.
- a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin When a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin is dispersed using a glass or PTFE inner cylinder or a glass-lined pressure vessel, metal ions generated from components such as Fe and Ni contained in the pressure vessel body Since elution can be prevented, it is preferable.
- the electrolyte membrane or electrode produced using the dispersion composition containing the metal ions may greatly reduce the durability against chemical degradation caused by hydrogen peroxide generated during fuel cell operation. . In order to prevent this, it is necessary to remove metal ions with mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid, and organic acids such as acetic acid and oxalic acid after film formation or electrode preparation, which may complicate the manufacturing process. is there.
- a dispersion composition containing 15% by mass or more and 45% by mass or less of a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin by performing a known concentration step such as azeotropic distillation, thin film distillation, or ultrafiltration after the dispersion treatment.
- a known concentration step such as azeotropic distillation, thin film distillation, or ultrafiltration after the dispersion treatment.
- the viscosity of the dispersion composition may increase. In this case, it is difficult to obtain a homogeneous concentrated liquid.
- the method is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to perform a concentration step using a rotary evaporator or the like, which is allowed to stand or is gently stirred with a shear rate of less than 100 sec ⁇ 1 .
- the solvent may be converted into a dispersion composition consisting essentially of water alone, or may be concentrated after adding some solvent to dilute.
- the dispersion composition of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin thus obtained is subjected to a plurality of dispersion treatment steps under the same heating and pressurization several times, and further combined with a concentration step, so that the viscosity is higher and the viscosity is lower. It can be a dispersed composition.
- the concentration of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin when performing the second and subsequent dispersion treatment steps is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 2% by mass or more, and further preferably 3% by mass or more.
- 40 mass% or less is preferable, 35 mass% or less is more preferable, and 30 mass% or less is further more preferable.
- the concentration Cd of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin of the dispersion composition is preferably 15% by mass or more, more preferably 17% by mass or more, and further preferably 20% by mass or more. Moreover, as an upper limit, 45 mass% or less is preferable, 43 mass% or less is more preferable, and 40 mass% or less is further more preferable.
- dust or the like mixed in the process can be removed by filtering the dispersion composition after the dispersion process or after the concentration process subsequent to the dispersion process.
- the filter medium is not particularly limited, and can be selected from polypropylene, polyester, polytetrafluoroethylene, cellulose and the like.
- the pore diameter is not particularly limited, but can be selected from a range of 0.5 to 100 ⁇ m.
- a mixed solvent containing water and alcohols is used as a solvent.
- the alcohol in this embodiment is preferably an alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms because the boiling point of the alcohol is low. These alcohols may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Specific examples include methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol and the like, with methanol and ethanol being preferred. It is considered that the use of a solvent containing alcohols causes the ion exchange resin to swell and be easily dispersed as a result. In the present embodiment, dispersion treatment can be performed at a lower temperature by using the alcohol.
- the concentration of alcohols is 49.9% by mass or less in a mixed solvent containing water and alcohols. Since the viscosity of the dispersion composition can be lowered when the concentration of alcohol is 49.9% by mass or less, the concentration of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin should be 15% by mass or more and 45% by mass or less. Can do.
- the concentration of alcohols in the present embodiment is preferably 45% by mass or less, and more preferably 40% by mass or less.
- the lower limit of the alcohol concentration is not particularly limited, but considering the uniform dispersibility of the fluorinated ion exchange resin, the alcohol concentration is 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 1.0% by mass or more. Preferably, it is 10.0% by mass or more.
- the concentration of water is 50.1 to 99.9% by mass in a mixed solvent containing water and alcohols, but the lower limit is preferably 60% by mass or more, and the upper limit is 99. It is preferably 0.0% by mass or less, and more preferably 90.0% by mass or less.
- the mixed solvent includes diol solvents such as ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, and 1,3-propylene glycol, bipolar organic solvents such as DMSO, DMAC, and DMF, Fluorine-containing alcohols and fluorine-containing ethers may be mixed, and the concentration is preferably 5% by mass or less in the entire mixed solvent.
- diol solvents such as ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, and 1,3-propylene glycol
- bipolar organic solvents such as DMSO, DMAC, and DMF
- Fluorine-containing alcohols and fluorine-containing ethers may be mixed, and the concentration is preferably 5% by mass or less in the entire mixed solvent.
- a dispersion composition of a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin is produced by combining a dispersion treatment step and a concentration step using the above mixed solvent containing water and alcohols, whereby a high concentration of 45% by mass is obtained. Even in the dispersion composition, it is possible to maintain a liquid and homogeneous state.
- liquid means that the viscosity of the solution is 3000 mPa ⁇ s or less when measured by an E-type viscosity system at 25 ° C., and homogeneous means that no gel-like substance is contained at 25 ° C. Means that. Even with a liquid exceeding 3000 mPa ⁇ s, the viscosity can be lowered by increasing the temperature of the liquid. However, in this case, the liquid contains a lot of gel-like substances and is not practically used. Therefore, the practical upper limit of the viscosity of the dispersion at 25 ° C. is 3000 mPa ⁇ s.
- the solvent composition has a great influence on the dispersibility of the fluorinated ion exchange resin, and by measuring the particle size distribution measured using the above-mentioned dynamic light scattering photometer, The difference in the particle size of the resin contained in the dispersion composition and the dispersion composition in this embodiment can be clarified.
- the ion exchange membrane produced using the dispersion composition of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin of the present embodiment is an electrolyte membrane for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “electrolyte membrane”).
- electrolyte membrane for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell
- the thickness of the electrolyte membrane in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is not particularly limited, but the thickness of the electrolyte membrane is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the electrolyte membrane is 50 ⁇ m or less, the concentration gradient of the water vapor amount can be increased in the electrolyte membrane sandwiched between the anode and the cathode, and the characteristics as a battery can be improved. Moreover, when the thickness of the electrolyte membrane is 3 ⁇ m or more, the possibility of causing a short circuit can be reduced.
- the thickness of the electrolyte membrane is more preferably 3 to 40 ⁇ m, and further preferably 5 to 30 ⁇ m.
- the present embodiment also relates to a method for producing an electrolyte membrane for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell produced using the dispersion composition.
- the solvent is at least partially distilled off by spreading the polymer electrolyte-containing solution in a petri dish or the like and heating it in an oven or the like as necessary. Then, there is a method of obtaining a film-like body by peeling off from the container.
- a cast film can be formed into a single-wafer coating film. Further, it can be continuously cast to form a continuous film to form a long film-like film.
- Polyester including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene butarate (PBT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) and liquid crystal polyesters, triacetyl cellulose (TAC), polyarylate, polyether, Polycarbonate (PC), polysulfone, polyethersulfone, cellophane, aromatic polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer ( ABS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyamide, polyacetal (POM), polyphenylene terephthalate (PPE), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyamide imide (PAI), polyether amide (PEI), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polyimide (PI), polymethylpentene (PMP
- an extrusion film forming method in which a polymer electrolyte-containing solution is extruded from a die to form a film is possible, and a single wafer or a long film can also be formed by an extrusion film forming method. Further, the film may be deposited on a releasable support by spraying, dried to form a film, and if necessary, the film may be consolidated by a hot press or the like.
- a method for removing the solvent present in the film formed a method such as a solvent dipping method in which the film after film formation is put into an appropriate solution or solvent to remove the solvent can be employed.
- the film formation method described above can be selected according to the viscosity and other properties of the solution, and is not limited.
- the polymer electrolyte-containing solutions having different component ratios may be formed into a multi-layer by laminating the films many times by a free method.
- the dispersion composition of the present embodiment it is possible to form a film on an electrolyte membrane, a catalyst layer, or the like without adding an additive such as a film forming aid to the dispersion composition.
- the thickness of the catalyst layer as a gas diffusion electrode in the membrane electrode assembly is not particularly limited, but the thickness of the catalyst layer facilitates gas diffusion in the catalyst layer and improves battery characteristics. Therefore, it is preferably 20 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably uniform.
- the dispersion composition of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin of the present embodiment By using the dispersion composition of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin of the present embodiment, even a catalyst layer having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m or less can be formed with a uniform thickness. If the thickness of the catalyst layer is reduced, the amount of catalyst present per unit area may be reduced and the reaction activity may be reduced. In this case, a supported catalyst in which platinum or a platinum alloy is supported at a high loading rate is used. If it is thin, the reaction activity of the electrode can be kept high without running out of catalyst amount. From the above viewpoint, the thickness of the catalyst layer is more preferably 1 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the present embodiment also relates to a method for producing a gas diffusion electrode for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell produced using the dispersion composition.
- the gas diffusion electrode for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is obtained by, for example, applying a dispersion composition of a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin on the surface of a commercially available gas diffusion electrode, and then drying and fixing at 140 ° C. in an air atmosphere. Can be manufactured.
- a coating liquid containing a dispersion composition of a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin of the present embodiment and a catalyst powder in which catalytic metal particles are supported on a carbon carrier is prepared, and the coating liquid is applied onto a substrate.
- the coating liquid is applied onto a substrate.
- the catalyst layer obtained by this method has few defects such as cracks and is excellent in smoothness. Since the catalyst layer is formed by removing the solvent (dispersion medium) after coating the coating liquid, by improving the strength of the ion exchanger polymer that functions not only as an electrolyte but also as a binder of the catalyst, Cracking of the catalyst layer can be prevented.
- a solvent may be further added to the coating solution.
- alcohols fluorine-containing solvents or water are preferable.
- alcohols are used, and those having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the main chain are preferable, and examples thereof include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol and the like.
- solubility of a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin can also be raised when water is mixed with alcohol.
- fluorine-containing solvent examples include 2H-perfluoropropane, 1H, 4H-perfluorobutane, 2H, 3H-perfluoropentane, 3H, 4H-perfluoro (2-methylpentane), 2H, 5H-perfluorohexane.
- Hydrofluorocarbons such as 3H-perfluoro (2-methylpentane), fluorocarbons such as perfluoro (1,2-dimethylcyclobutane), perfluorooctane, perfluoroheptane, perfluorohexane, 1,1-dichloro- 1-fluoroethane, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,2-dichloroethane, 3,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane, 1,3-dichloro-1,1, Hydrochlorofluorocarbons such as 2,2,3-pentafluoropropane, 1H, 4H, Fluorinated ethers such as H-perfluoro (3-oxapentane), 3-methoxy-1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, 2,2 , 3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propanol, fluorinated
- the solid content concentration of the coating liquid can be appropriately selected according to the target thickness of the catalyst layer, and is not particularly limited, but in order to form a uniform coating layer, the mass relative to the total mass.
- the ratio is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 35% by mass.
- the substrate on which the coating liquid is applied may be an ion exchange membrane or a gas diffusion layer that is disposed outside the catalyst layer and also functions as a current collector.
- a separately prepared base material that is not a constituent material of the membrane electrode assembly may be used. In this case, the base material may be peeled off after the catalyst layer is joined to the membrane.
- the substrate separately prepared is not particularly limited, but a film made of a material selected from polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polypropylene, polyethylene, polymethylpentene, polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene, and the like can be used.
- a dispersion medium contained in the coating solution is used.
- the coating method is not particularly limited.
- the batch method includes a bar coater method, a spin coater method, a screen printing method, and the like, and the continuous method includes a post-measurement method and a pre-measurement method.
- the post-measuring method is a method in which an excess coating solution is applied and the coating solution is removed so that a predetermined film thickness is obtained later.
- the pre-weighing method is a method of applying a coating liquid in an amount necessary to obtain a predetermined film thickness. Examples of post-measuring methods include air doctor coater method, blade coater method, rod coater method, knife coater method, squeeze coater method, impregnation coater method, and comma coater method.
- Pre-weighing methods include die coater method and reverse roll coater method. Method, transfer roll coater method, gravure coater method, kiss roll coater method, cast coater method, spray coater method, curtain coater method, calendar coater method, extrusion coater method and the like. In order to form a uniform catalyst layer, a screen printing method and a die coater method are preferable, and a continuous die coater method is more preferable in consideration of production efficiency.
- the catalyst contained in the catalyst layer may be the same or different on the anode side and the cathode side, but a metal catalyst made of platinum or a platinum alloy is preferably supported on carbon.
- the carbon used as the carrier preferably has a specific surface area of 50 to 1500 m 2 / g because the metal catalyst is supported on the carbon carrier with good dispersibility and is excellent in the activity of a stable electrode reaction over a long period of time.
- the metal catalyst is preferably a metal catalyst made of platinum because it is highly active in the hydrogen oxidation reaction at the anode and the oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode in the solid polymer fuel cell. Since the stability and activity as an electrode catalyst may be further imparted, a metal catalyst composed of a platinum catalyst is also preferable.
- platinum alloy examples include platinum group metals other than platinum (ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium), gold, silver, chromium, iron, titanium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, aluminum, silicon, and zinc. And an alloy of platinum and one or more metals selected from the group consisting of tin, and the platinum alloy may contain an intermetallic compound of platinum and a metal alloyed with platinum. Good.
- the fuel cell membrane electrode assembly is supplied with a gas containing oxygen at the cathode and a gas containing hydrogen at the anode. More specifically, for example, a separator in which a groove to be a gas flow path is formed is disposed outside the electrode of the membrane electrode assembly, and a gas serving as fuel is supplied to the membrane electrode assembly by flowing a gas through the gas flow path. To generate electricity. It can also be used as a membrane electrode assembly for a direct methanol fuel cell that supplies methanol as a fuel gas.
- the fuel cell according to the present embodiment is a fuel cell including an electrode assembly, and is a fuel cell including any one of the electrolyte membrane and / or the catalyst layer as a gas diffusion electrode. Moreover, it is preferable that it is a fuel cell provided with the electrode assembly manufactured by the said electrolyte membrane and the said catalyst layer.
- the fuel cell of the present embodiment can be a fuel cell having a high electromotive force by including an electrolyte membrane and / or a gas diffusion electrode manufactured using the above dispersion composition.
- a fuel cell having an electromotive force of 0.35 V can be obtained, and an electromotive force of 0.40 V is preferable. More preferably, the electromotive force is 0.45V.
- melt flow rate (MFR) of fluorine-containing ion exchange resin precursor Based on JIS K-7210, the melt flow rate (MFR, g / 10 minutes) of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin precursor at a temperature of 270 ° C. and a load of 2.16 kg using an apparatus having an inner diameter of 2.09 mm and a length of 8 mm. ) was measured.
- the flame ionization detector After setting the inlet to 200 ° C., the flame ionization detector to 210 ° C., and the oven to 60 ° C., 1 ⁇ L of a measurement sample was injected using a microsyringe. Immediately thereafter, the peak area was obtained from the spectrum measured when the oven temperature was increased at a rate of 10 ° C./min, and the concentration of alcohols was measured.
- Fuel cell evaluation Evaluation of a fuel cell operation of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using an electrolyte membrane produced using a dispersion composition of a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin as a raw material is an electrolyte membrane between two gas diffusion electrodes.
- the MEA was produced by sandwiching and hot pressing at 160 ° C. and a pressure of 50 kg / cm 2 .
- As the gas diffusion electrode a gas diffusion electrode ELAT (registered trademark) (Pt supported amount 0.4 mg / cm 2 ) manufactured by DE NORA NORTH AMERICA, USA was used.
- the electrode catalyst layer was formed by applying a dispersion composition of a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin on the surface of a gas diffusion electrode, and then drying and fixing at 140 ° C. in an air atmosphere (polymer loading amount) 0.8 mg / cm 2 ).
- the MEA was sandwiched between graphite flanges having gas flow paths on the surface, and assembled in an evaluation cell sandwiched between metal fuel cell frames and set in an evaluation apparatus. Specifically, a single cell characteristic test (voltage 0.65 V, current density 0.5 A / cm 2 ) was conducted at normal pressure and cell temperature 95 ° C. using the above MEA as fuel and hydrogen gas and oxidant as air gas. It was. A water bubbling method was used for gas humidification, and both hydrogen gas and air gas were humidified at 50 ° C. and supplied to the cell.
- the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin precursor pellets 510 g were immersed in 2460 g of a KOH aqueous solution prepared beforehand by adding KOH and DMSO so that the KOH concentration was 15% by mass and the DMSO concentration was 30% by mass.
- the SO 2 F group in the exchange resin precursor was defined as an SO 3 K group.
- the above treated pellets were immersed in 2500 mL of 1N HCl at 60 ° C. for 6 hours, then washed with ion-exchanged water (conductivity: 0.06 S / cm or less) at 60 ° C. and dried, and the SO 3 K group was converted to SO 3.
- 120 g of the above-mentioned fluorine-containing ion exchange resin (water content 28.7 mass%), 485 g of ethanol, and 949 g of ion-exchanged water were charged into a glass inner cylinder in an autoclave made of SUS304 having a glass inner cylinder.
- 70 g of ethanol and 140 g of ion-exchanged water were charged between the cylinder and the inner wall of the autoclave. While stirring the liquid in the glass inner cylinder, a dispersion treatment was performed at 162 ° C. for 4 hours.
- the autoclave internal pressure increased with heating, and the maximum pressure was 1.2 MPa.
- AS0 a uniform and transparent fluorine-containing ion exchange resin dispersion composition AS0 was obtained.
- the composition of AS0 was 5.0% by mass of fluorine-containing ion exchange resin, 30.0% by mass of ethanol, and 65.0% by mass of water.
- 350 g of the dispersion composition was charged into a 500 mL eggplant flask, and fluorinated ions were azeotropically distilled at a reduced pressure of 0.04 MPa while rotating at 40 rpm at 80 ° C. using a rotary evaporator R-200 manufactured by BUCHI.
- composition AS1 Concentration was performed until the exchange resin concentration became 15% by mass to obtain a dispersion composition AS1.
- the composition of AS1 was 15.0% by mass of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin, 0.4% by mass of ethanol, and 84.6% by mass of water.
- the proportion of large particles having a particle size of 10 ⁇ m or more was 42% by volume.
- Example 2 A dispersion composition AS2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that concentration was performed until the concentration of the fluorinated ion exchange resin reached 20% by mass.
- the composition of AS2 was 20.0% by mass of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin, 0.0% by mass of ethanol, and 80.0% by mass of water.
- the proportion of large particles having a particle size of 10 ⁇ m or more was 42% by volume.
- Example 3 A dispersion composition AS3 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that concentration was performed until the concentration of the fluorinated ion exchange resin was 25% by mass.
- the composition of AS3 was 25.0% by mass of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin, 0.0% by mass of ethanol, and 75.0% by mass of water.
- the proportion of large particles having a particle size of 10 ⁇ m or more was 42% by volume.
- Example 4 A dispersion composition AS4 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that concentration was performed until the concentration of the fluorinated ion exchange resin reached 30% by mass.
- the composition of AS4 was 30.0% by mass of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin, 0.0% by mass of ethanol, and 70.0% by mass of water.
- the proportion of large particles having a particle size of 10 ⁇ m or more was 42% by volume.
- the obtained dispersion composition was coated on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film surface-treated with a silicone release agent using a die coater so as to have a thickness of 30 ⁇ m after drying, followed by drying at 80 ° C. A film was formed.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the drying time required for forming the electrolyte membrane was 8 minutes.
- MEA is formed by the method described in (7) Fuel cell evaluation, and fuel cell characteristics are obtained. A test was conducted. As a result, a very high electromotive force of 0.46 V was obtained at a current density of 1 A / cm 2 .
- Example 5 Using AS1 as a raw material, 1600 g was charged into a glass inner cylinder, and 225 g of ion-exchanged water was charged between the inner cylinder and the inner wall of the autoclave. This was treated for 4 hours at 152 ° C. while stirring the liquid in the glass inner tube, to obtain a uniform dispersion composition of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin. Subsequently, 350 g of the above composition was charged in a 500 mL eggplant flask, and the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin concentration was distilled by distillation at a reduced pressure of 0.08 MPa while rotating at 40 rpm at 80 ° C. using a BUCHI rotary evaporator R-200.
- dispersion composition AS5 was 30.0% by mass of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin, 0.0% by mass of ethanol, and 70.0% by mass of water.
- the ratio of large particles having a particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more was 15% by volume.
- Example 6 A dispersion composition AS6 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that concentration was performed until the concentration of the fluorinated ion exchange resin reached 40% by mass.
- the composition of AS6 was 40.0% by mass of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin, 0.0% by mass of ethanol, and 60.0% by mass of water.
- the ratio of large particles having a particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more was 15% by volume.
- the obtained dispersion composition was coated on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film surface-treated with a silicone release agent using a die coater so as to have a thickness of 30 ⁇ m after drying, followed by drying at 80 ° C. A film was formed.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the drying time required for forming the electrolyte membrane was 5 minutes.
- an MEA was formed by the method described in (7) above using the obtained electrolyte membrane and the dispersion composition AS5 obtained in Example 5 as a material for forming an electrode catalyst layer, and a fuel cell characteristic test was conducted. It was. It showed a constant value immediately after the start and was stable. The fuel cell was able to operate well for over 300 hours. Further, a very high electromotive force of 0.47 V was obtained at a current density of 1 A / cm 2 .
- Example 7 Dispersion was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 235 g of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin (water content 28.7% by mass) used in Example 1, 497 g of ethanol, and 941 g of ion exchange water were charged into the glass inner tube and subjected to dispersion treatment. A composition was obtained. Subsequently, 200 g of the above dispersion composition and 200 g of ion-exchanged water were charged into a 500 mL eggplant flask, and the mixture was co-rotated at 80 ° C. and 40 rpm using a BUCHI rotary evaporator R-200 at a reduced pressure of 0.04 MPa.
- Concentration was carried out by boiling distillation until the concentration of the fluorinated ion exchange resin reached 20% by mass to obtain a dispersion composition AS7.
- the composition of AS7 was 20.0% by mass of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin, 0.0% by mass of ethanol, and 80.0% by mass of water.
- the proportion of large particles having a particle size of 10 ⁇ m or more was 42% by volume.
- Example 8 A dispersion composition AS8 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 7 except that concentration was performed until the concentration of the fluorinated ion exchange resin reached 30% by mass.
- the composition of AS8 was 30.0% by mass of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin, 0.0% by mass of ethanol, and 70.0% by mass of water.
- the proportion of large particles having a particle size of 10 ⁇ m or more was 42% by volume.
- a dispersion composition AS9 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was used as an exchange resin (water content 25.6% by mass).
- the composition of AS9 was 15.0% by mass of fluorine-containing ion exchange resin, 0.4% by mass of ethanol, and 84.6% by mass of water.
- the ratio of large particles having a particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more was 48% by volume.
- Example 1 Fluorine ion exchange resin used in Example 1 (water content 28.7% by mass) 140 g, ethanol 949 g, water 908 g, dispersion treatment was performed, and concentration was performed until the fluorine ion exchange resin concentration was 10% by mass.
- the composition of AS10 was 10.0% by mass of fluorine-containing ion exchange resin, 22.9% by mass of ethanol, and 67.1% by mass of water.
- the ratio of large particles having a particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more was 83% by volume.
- a dispersion composition AS11 was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that concentration was performed until the concentration of the fluorinated ion exchange resin reached 20% by mass.
- the composition of AS11 was 19.9% by mass of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin, 1.3% by mass of ethanol, and 78.8% by mass of water.
- the ratio of large particles having a particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more was 83% by volume.
- the obtained dispersion composition was coated on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film surface-treated with a silicone release agent using a die coater so as to have a thickness of 30 ⁇ m after drying, followed by drying at 80 ° C. A film was formed.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the drying time required for forming the electrolyte membrane was 15 minutes.
- an MEA is formed by the method described in (7) above, and a fuel cell characteristic test is performed. It was. As a result, only a low electromotive force of 0.33 V was obtained at a current density of 1 A / cm 2 .
- Dispersion treatment was performed using 140 g of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin (water content 28.7 mass%) used in Example 1, 450 g of ethanol, and 408 g of water.
- the ratio of large particles having a particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more was 97% by volume.
- the resulting dispersion AS12 contained a large amount of gel and was non-uniform, so that a homogeneous electrolyte membrane that could be used for a fuel cell characteristic test could not be produced.
- the obtained dispersion composition AS13F was coated on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film using a die coater so as to have a thickness of 30 ⁇ m after drying, and dried at 80 ° C. to form an electrolyte membrane. As it progressed, cracks occurred in the electrolyte membrane. 15 minutes after the completion of drying, cracks increased until small pieces of several mm square were formed, and thus a homogeneous electrolyte membrane that could be used for a fuel cell characteristic test could not be produced.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- Table 1 shows the viscosities of the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin dispersion compositions obtained in Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4.
- Table 2 shows the size of particles in the dispersion composition analyzed by a dynamic light scattering photometer and the ratio of the particles.
- “small particles” are particles having a particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m or less
- “medium particles” are particles of 0.5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m
- “large particles” are particles of 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin dispersion compositions of Examples 1 to 9 have a high concentration of 15% by mass or more and 45% by mass or less, and the dispersion composition has a viscosity of the above formula (I).
- the dispersion composition had a low viscosity within the range.
- the dispersion compositions of the fluorinated ion exchange resins of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 produced using a mixed solvent containing 50% by mass or more of alcohols do not have the viscosity of the dispersion composition within the range of the formula (I). It was a dispersion composition.
- Comparative Example 2 was able to concentrate the fluorine-containing ion exchange resin concentration to 20% by mass, but it was a non-uniform and highly viscous dispersion composition.
- FIG. 1 is a graph plotting results obtained by analyzing AS2, AS6, AS11, and AS13F using a dynamic light scattering photometer, with the horizontal axis representing time and the vertical axis representing the time correlation function G1 of scattered light. From FIG. 1, it can be seen that AS2 and AS6 have a spectrum on the longer side than 1 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ sec, which is derived from components having a particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more, as compared with AS11. In AS13F, there is no spectrum longer than 1 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ sec. From this, it can be seen that the proportion of particles having a particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m or more is 0% by volume.
- the dispersion composition of a fluorine-containing ion exchange resin of the present invention has industrial applicability as a raw material for an electrolyte membrane and an electrode for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell capable of realizing high durability.
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Abstract
Description
イオン交換樹脂の分散組成物は、電解質膜及び電極の材料として取り扱いが容易となるように、より高濃度な状態で粘度が低いことが要求されている。
また、特許文献2には、1025~1500の範囲内の当量重量を有するパーフルオロ化イオン交換重合体の液体組成物が開示されている。
さらに、特許文献3には、水又は水とベンゼンからなる分散媒体を用いて分散処理を行った高フッ素化イオン交換ポリマー粒子含有組成物が開示されている。
また、該分散組成物を用いることにより、電池運転を行った際の電流電圧特性にも優れる燃料電池用のガス拡散電極を製造することができることを見出し、本発明を完成させた。
[1]
下記式(1)及び式(2)の繰り返し単位からなり、かつ当量質量が400~1000g/eqである含フッ素イオン交換樹脂と、水を含む溶媒と、を含む含フッ素イオン交換樹脂の分散組成物であって、
前記含フッ素イオン交換樹脂における粒子径が10μm以上の樹脂の存在割合が0.1~80体積%である、分散組成物。
[2]
前記分散組成物の粘度ηd(mPa・s)が、式(I):ηd≦exp(0.26×Cd)の範囲内にある、上記[1]に記載の分散組成物(ここで、Cdは前記含フッ素イオン交換樹脂の濃度(質量%)を示す)。
[3]
前記含フッ素イオン交換樹脂を15~45質量%含む、上記[1]又は[2]に記載の分散組成物。
[4]
前記含フッ素イオン交換樹脂前駆体のメルトフローレートが0.01~100g/10分である、上記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の分散組成物。
[5]
前記含フッ素イオン交換樹脂が前記式(2)においてn=0かつm=2の共重合体を含む、上記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の分散組成物。
[6]
上記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の分散組成物を用いて作製される固体高分子型燃料電池用電解質膜。
[7]
上記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の分散組成物を用いて作製される固体高分子型燃料電池用ガス拡散電極。
[8]
上記[6]に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池用電解質膜及び/又は上記[7]に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池用ガス拡散電極を備える燃料電池。
[9]
下記式(1)及び式(2)の繰り返し単位からなる共重合体を含む含フッ素イオン交換樹脂の分散組成物の製造方法であって、
水を50.1~99.9質量%、アルコール類を0.1~49.9質量%含有する混合溶媒に、当量質量が400~1000g/eqである前記含フッ素イオン交換樹脂を1質量%以上15質量%未満混合する工程、
前記含フッ素イオン交換樹脂を含有する水性組成物を分散処理する工程、
分散処理された前記水性組成物を含フッ素イオン交換樹脂濃度Cd(質量%)が15質量%以上45質量%以下となるように濃縮する工程、
を含む、分散組成物の製造方法。
[10]
前記アルコール類がメタノール、エタノール、1-プロパノール及び2-プロパノールからなる群から選ばれる1種類以上のアルコールである、上記[9]に記載の分散組成物の製造方法。
[11]
220℃以下で分散処理する、上記[9]又は[10]に記載の分散組成物の製造方法。
[12]
前記含フッ素イオン交換樹脂が前記式(2)においてn=0かつm=2の共重合体を含む、上記[9]~[11]のいずれかに記載の分散組成物の製造方法。
下記式(1)及び式(2)の繰り返し単位からなり、かつ当量質量が400~1000g/eqである含フッ素イオン交換樹脂と、水を含む溶媒と、を含む含フッ素イオン交換樹脂の分散組成物であって、
前記含フッ素イオン交換樹脂における粒子径が10μm以上の樹脂の存在割合が0.1~80体積%である。
本実施の形態において用いる含フッ素イオン交換樹脂は、下記式(3)で表されるフッ化オレフィンのモノマーと下記式(4)で表されるフッ化ビニル化合物との共重合体を含む含フッ素イオン交換樹脂前駆体を加水分解して得られるものである。
ここで、加水分解によりSO3Hに転換しうる官能基Wとしては、特に限定されないが、例えば、SO2F、SO2Cl、SO2Br等が挙げられる。
前記式(2)におけるSO3H基を含む側鎖の構造が短い場合、得られる含フッ素イオン交換樹脂の結晶性が向上し、本実施の形態の分散組成物から作製した電解質膜等の耐熱性や機械的強度に優れる傾向にあるため、前記式(2)においてn=0かつm=2である共重合体を含むことが好ましい。
本実施の形態の分散組成物は、上述した含フッ素イオン交換樹脂と、水を含む溶媒と、を含むものである。ここで、分散組成物中の含フッ素イオン交換樹脂の含有量は、好ましくは15~45質量%であり、より好ましくは17~43質量%であり、さらに好ましくは20~40質量%である。含フッ素イオン交換樹脂の含有量が15質量%以上であると、分散組成物を用いて電解質膜及び電極を作製する際に除去すべき溶媒量が少なくなる傾向にあるため好ましい。一方、45質量%以下であると、得られる分散組成物の粘度が経時的に安定であり、運搬、保管時に生じる異常な粘度増大や部分的なゲル化を防ぐことができる傾向にあるため好ましい。
本実施の形態の分散組成物中の含フッ素イオン交換樹脂の分散性は、動的光散乱光度計を用いて測定される粒子径分布によって判断することができる。
分散組成物中の含フッ素イオン交換樹脂が球状構造を取っており、分散組成物中の粒子に粒径分布が存在し、粒子間に相関がないと仮定すると、動的光散乱から求められる散乱光の時間相関関数G1(t)は式(II)によって表される。ただし、式(II)及び式(III)中、Cは定数、Piは粒径の分布関数、Diは並進拡散係数、nは溶媒の屈折率、θは散乱角、λは入射光の波長、tは時間である。
以上の方法により10μm以上の分散粒子径をもつ含フッ素イオン交換樹脂の割合、すなわち、(P3)/(P1+P2+P3)を求めることが可能であるが、この値は粘度と同様、分散液中の固形分に依存しており、固形分の異なる分散液同士で比較しても意味がない。そこで、固形分が10質量%以上の場合には精製水で希釈し、また、10質量%未満の場合には公知の方法で濃縮を実施して10質量%にした後に上記測定を行うこととする。
本実施の形態の分散組成物の粘度ηd(mPa・s)は、含フッ素イオン交換樹脂濃度Cd(質量%)を用いて表される式(I):ηd≦exp(0.26×Cd)を満たすことが好ましい。濃度に対する粘度が相対的に低ければ、製膜時の樹脂濃度を向上させることができるため、粘度範囲は、好ましくはηd≦exp(0.25×Cd)を満たし、より好ましくはηd≦exp(0.24×Cd)を満たす。また、分散組成物の粘度の下限としては特に限定されないが、水の25℃における粘度の値が0.89mPa・sであることから、実質的に0.89mPa・s以上である。
本実施の形態の下記式(1)及び式(2)の繰り返し単位からなる共重合体を含む含フッ素イオン交換樹脂の分散組成物の製造方法は、
水を50.1~99.9質量%、アルコール類を0.1~49.9質量%含有する混合溶媒に、当量質量が400~1000eq/gである前記含フッ素イオン交換樹脂を1質量%以上15質量%未満混合する工程、
前記含フッ素イオン交換樹脂を含有する水性組成物を分散処理する工程、
分散処理された前記水性組成物を含フッ素イオン交換樹脂濃度Cd(質量%)が15質量%以上45質量%以下となるように濃縮する工程、
を含む方法である。
本実施の形態の含フッ素イオン交換樹脂の分散組成物を用いて作製されるイオン交換膜は、固体高分子型燃料電池用電解質膜(以下、単に「電解質膜」と記載する場合がある。)として使用することができる。本実施の形態において膜電極接合体(MEA)における電解質膜の厚さは特に限定されないが、電解質膜の厚さは50μm以下であることが好ましい。電解質膜の厚さが50μm以下であることにより、アノードとカソードに挟まれた電解質膜中では水蒸気量の濃度勾配を大きくすることができ、電池としての特性を高くすることができる。また、電解質膜の厚さが3μm以上であることにより、短絡を起こすおそれを少なくすることができる。電解質膜の厚さは3~40μmであることがより好ましく、5~30μmであることがさらに好ましい。
本実施の形態において、膜電極接合体におけるガス拡散電極としての触媒層の厚さは特に限定されないが、触媒層の厚さは、触媒層中のガス拡散を容易にし、電池特性を向上させる観点から、20μm以下であることが好ましく、さらに均一であることが好ましい。
酸型の含フッ素イオン交換樹脂およそ0.02~0.10gを50mLの25℃飽和NaCl水溶液(0.26g/mL)に浸漬し、攪拌しながら10分間放置した後、和光純薬工業社製試薬特級フェノールフタレインを指示薬として和光純薬工業社製試薬特級0.01N水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いて中和滴定した。中和後得られたNa型イオン交換膜を純水ですすいだ後、真空乾燥して秤量した。中和に要した水酸化ナトリウムの当量をM(mmol)、Na型イオン交換膜の質量をW(mg)とし、下記式より当量質量(g/eq)を求めた。
当量質量=(W/M)-22
JIS K-7210に基づき、オリフィスの内径2.09mm、長さ8mmの装置を用いて温度270℃、荷重2.16kgで、含フッ素イオン交換樹脂前駆体のメルトフローレート(MFR、g/10分)を測定した。
乾燥した室温の秤量瓶の質量を精秤し、これをW0とした。測定した秤量瓶に測定物を10g入れ、精秤しW1とした。測定物を入れた秤量瓶をエスペック株式会社製LV-120型真空乾燥機を用いて温度110℃、絶対圧0.01MPa以下で3hr以上乾燥した後、シリカゲル入りのデシケーター中で冷却し、室温になった後に精秤しW2とした。
(W2-W0)/(W1-W0)を百分率で表し、5回測定し、その平均値を含フッ素イオンイオン交換樹脂濃度とした。
東機産業株式会社製TV-33形粘度計・コーンプレートタイプ(E型粘度計)及び1°34′×R24の標準コーンロータ(ロータコード01)を用い、温度25℃、せん断速度76.6sec-1にて測定時間2分経過後の値を粘度とした。
株式会社島津製作所製ガスクロマトグラフ装置G4000、及びジーエルサイエンス株式会社社製キャピラリカラムInertCap WAX(内径0.25mm、長さ30m、膜厚0.25μm)を用いた。内部標準物質に和光純薬工業社製試薬特級1-ブタノールを用い、予めアルコール類との検量線を作成し、分散組成物1gと1質量%1-ブタノール水溶液1g及び精製水18gを混合し測定サンプルとした。注入口を200℃、水素炎イオン化検出器を210℃、オーブンを60℃に設定した後にマイクロシリンジを用いて測定サンプルを1μL注入した。その後直ちに10℃/分の速度でオーブンの温度を上昇させた際に測定されるスペクトルからピーク面積を求め、アルコール類の濃度を測定した。
動的光散乱光度計である大塚電子株式会社製ゼータ電位・粒径測定システムELS-Z2plus型装置を用い、温度25℃にてディスポーザブルセルを用い、ピンホール50μm、LOG相関計使用、自動光量調整機能あり、ダストカットなし、積算回数500回の条件にて測定した散乱光の時間相関関数をG1(t)として、分散組成物中の粒子径分布を求めた。
含フッ素イオン交換樹脂の分散組成物を原料として作製した電解質膜を用いた固体高分子型燃料電池の燃料電池運転評価は、2枚のガス拡散電極の間に電解質膜を挟み込み、160℃、圧力50kg/cm2でホットプレスすることによりMEAを作成して行った。
ガス拡散電極としては、米国DE NORA NORTH AMERICA社製のガス拡散電極ELAT(登録商標)(Pt担持量0.4mg/cm2)を用いた。なお、電極触媒層は、ガス拡散電極の表面に含フッ素イオン交換樹脂の分散組成物を塗布した後、大気雰囲気中、140℃で乾燥・固定化したものを使用して形成した(ポリマー担持量0.8mg/cm2)。
このMEAを表面にガス流路を有するグラファイト製のフランジの間に挟み込み、金属製の燃料電池フレームで挟み込んだ評価セルに組み込んで評価装置にセットした。具体的には、上記MEAを燃料として水素ガス、酸化剤として空気ガスを用い、常圧、セル温度95℃にて単セル特性試験(電圧0.65V 電流密度0.5A/cm2)を行った。ガス加湿には水バブリング方式を用い、水素ガス、空気ガスともに50℃で加湿してセルへ供給した。
前記式(3)においてZ=Fであるフッ化オレフィン(CF2=CF2)と前記式(4)においてm=2、n=0、W=SO2Fであるフッ化ビニル化合物(CF2=CF-O-(CF2)2-SO2F)との共重合体(MFR=3.0)からなる含フッ素イオン交換樹脂前駆体を押し出し機を用いて、丸口金から270℃で押し出した後に切断し、直径2~3mm、長さ4~5mmの円柱状のペレットとした。この含フッ素イオン交換樹脂前駆体ペレット510gを、KOH濃度15質量%及びDMSO濃度30質量%となるようにKOHとDMSOを添加して事前に調整したKOH水溶液2460gに6時間浸漬し、含フッ素イオン交換樹脂前駆体におけるSO2F基をSO3K基とした。
上記の処理ペレットを60℃の1N-HCl 2500mLに6時間浸漬した後、60℃のイオン交換水(伝導度0.06S/cm以下)で水洗、乾燥して、前記SO3K基がSO3H基となったプロトン交換基を有する含フッ素イオン交換樹脂(当量質量=720g/eq)を得た。
次にガラスの内筒を有するSUS304製の容量5Lのオートクレーブに、前記含フッ素イオン交換樹脂(含水率28.7質量%)120g、エタノール485g、イオン交換水949gをガラス内筒内に仕込み、内筒とオートクレーブ内壁の間にエタノール70g、イオン交換水140gを仕込んだ。ガラス内筒内の液を攪拌しながら、162℃で4hrの分散処理を実施した。加温とともにオートクレーブ内圧が上昇し最大圧力は1.2MPaであった。冷却後にオートクレーブから取り出したところ、均一で透明な含フッ素イオン交換樹脂の分散組成物AS0を得た。AS0の組成は含フッ素イオン交換樹脂5.0質量%、エタノール30.0質量%、水65.0質量%であった。
続いて、上記分散組成物を500mLのナスフラスコに350g仕込み、BUCHI社製ロータリーエバポレーターR-200を用いて80℃にて40rpmで回転させながら0.04MPaの減圧度において共沸蒸留によって含フッ素イオン交換樹脂濃度が15質量%となるまで濃縮を行い、分散組成物AS1を得た。AS1の組成は含フッ素イオン交換樹脂15.0質量%、エタノール0.4質量%、水84.6質量%であった。また、10μm以上の粒子径を有する大粒子の割合は42体積%であった。
含フッ素イオン交換樹脂濃度が20質量%となるまで濃縮を行う以外は実施例1と同様にして分散組成物AS2を得た。AS2の組成は含フッ素イオン交換樹脂20.0質量%、エタノール0.0質量%、水80.0質量%であった。また、10μm以上の粒子径を有する大粒子の割合は42体積%であった。
含フッ素イオン交換樹脂濃度が25質量%となるまで濃縮を行う以外は実施例1と同様にして分散組成物AS3を得た。AS3の組成は含フッ素イオン交換樹脂25.0質量%、エタノール0.0質量%、水75.0質量%であった。また、10μm以上の粒子径を有する大粒子の割合は42体積%であった。
含フッ素イオン交換樹脂濃度が30質量%となるまで濃縮を行う以外は実施例1と同様にして分散組成物AS4を得た。AS4の組成は含フッ素イオン交換樹脂30.0質量%、エタノール0.0質量%、水70.0質量%であった。また、10μm以上の粒子径を有する大粒子の割合は42体積%であった。
得られた分散組成物をシリコーン系離型剤で表面処理したポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム上にダイコータを用いて乾燥後に30μmの厚みになるように塗工して、80℃において乾燥を行い、電解質膜を形成した。この際、電解質膜の形成に必要な乾燥時間は8分であった。
次に、得られた電解質膜と実施例1で得られた分散組成物AS1を電極触媒層形成の材料として用いて上記(7)燃料電池評価に記載の方法でMEAを形成し、燃料電池特性試験を行った。その結果、電流密度1A/cm2にて0.46Vの非常に高い起電力が得られた。
AS1を原料としてガラス内筒内に1600g仕込み、内筒とオートクレーブ内壁の間にイオン交換水を225g仕込んだ。これをガラス内筒内の液を攪拌しながら、152℃で4hr処理し、均一な含フッ素イオン交換樹脂の分散組成物を得た。
続いて、上記組成物を500mLのナスフラスコに350g仕込み、BUCHI社製ロータリーエバポレーターR-200を用いて80℃にて40rpmで回転させながら0.08MPaの減圧度において蒸留によって含フッ素イオン交換樹脂濃度が30質量%となるまで濃縮を行い分散組成物AS5を得た。AS5の組成は含フッ素イオン交換樹脂30.0質量%、エタノール0.0質量%、水70.0質量%であった。また、10μm以上の粒子径を有する大粒子の割合は15体積%であった。
含フッ素イオン交換樹脂濃度が40質量%となるまで濃縮を行う以外は実施例5と同様にして分散組成物AS6を得た。AS6の組成は含フッ素イオン交換樹脂40.0質量%、エタノール0.0質量%、水60.0質量%であった。また、10μm以上の粒子径を有する大粒子の割合は15体積%であった。
得られた分散組成物をシリコーン系離型剤で表面処理したポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム上にダイコータを用いて乾燥後に30μmの厚みになるように塗工して、80℃において乾燥を行い、電解質膜を形成した。この際、電解質膜の形成に必要な乾燥時間は5分であった。
次に、得られた電解質膜と実施例5で得られた分散組成物AS5を電極触媒層形成の材料として用いて上記(7)に記載の方法でMEAを形成し、燃料電池特性試験を行った。スタート直後から一定の値を示し、安定していた。燃料電池は300時間以上にわたって良好に運転することができた。また、電流密度1A/cm2にて0.47Vの非常に高い起電力が得られた。
実施例1で用いた含フッ素イオン交換樹脂(含水率28.7質量%)235g、エタノール497g、イオン交換水941gをガラス内筒に仕込んで分散処理を行う以外は実施例1と同様にして分散組成物を得た。続いて500mLのナスフラスコに、上記分散組成物を200gとイオン交換水を200g仕込み、BUCHI社製ロータリーエバポレーターR-200を用いて80℃にて40rpmで回転させながら0.04MPaの減圧度において共沸蒸留によって含フッ素イオン交換樹脂濃度が20質量%となるまで濃縮を行い分散組成物AS7を得た。AS7の組成は含フッ素イオン交換樹脂20.0質量%、エタノール0.0質量%、水80.0質量%であった。また、10μm以上の粒子径を有する大粒子の割合は42体積%であった。
含フッ素イオン交換樹脂濃度が30質量%となるまで濃縮を行う以外は実施例7と同様にして分散組成物AS8を得た。AS8の組成は含フッ素イオン交換樹脂30.0質量%、エタノール0.0質量%、水70.0質量%であった。また、10μm以上の粒子径を有する大粒子の割合は42体積%であった。
前記式(3)においてZ=Fであるフッ化オレフィン(CF2=CF2)と、前記式(4)においてm=2、n=1、W=SO2Fであるフッ化ビニル化合物(CF2=CF-O-(CF2CF(CF3)O)-(CF2)2-SO2F)と、の共重合体(MFR=3.0、当量質量880g/eq)を含フッ素イオン交換樹脂(含水率25.6質量%)として用いる以外は実施例1と同様にして分散組成物AS9を得た。AS9の組成は含フッ素イオン交換樹脂15.0質量%、エタノール0.4質量%、水84.6質量%であった。また、10μm以上の粒子径を有する大粒子の割合は48体積%であった。
実施例1で用いた含フッ素イオン交換樹脂(含水率28.7質量%)140g、エタノール949g、水を908gとして分散処理を行い含フッ素イオン交換樹脂濃度が10質量%となるまで濃縮を行う以外は実施例1と同様にして分散組成物AS10を得た。AS10の組成は含フッ素イオン交換樹脂10.0質量%、エタノール22.9質量%、水67.1質量%であった。また、10μm以上の粒子径を有する大粒子の割合は83体積%であった。
含フッ素イオン交換樹脂濃度が20質量%となるまで濃縮を行う以外は比較例1と同様にして分散組成物AS11を得た。AS11の組成は含フッ素イオン交換樹脂19.9質量%、エタノール1.3質量%、水78.8質量%であった。また、10μm以上の粒子径を有する大粒子の割合は83体積%であった。
得られた分散組成物をシリコーン系離型剤で表面処理したポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム上にダイコータを用いて乾燥後に30μmの厚みになるように塗工して、80℃において乾燥を行い、電解質膜を形成した。この際、電解質膜の形成に必要な乾燥時間は15分であった。
次に、得られた電解質膜と比較例1で得られた分散組成物AS9を電極触媒層形成の材料として用いて上記(7)に記載の方法でMEAを形成し、燃料電池特性試験を行った。その結果、電流密度1A/cm2にて0.33Vの低い起電力しか得られなかった。
実施例1で用いた含フッ素イオン交換樹脂(含水率28.7質量%)140g、エタノール450g、水を408gとして分散処理を行った。また、10μm以上の粒子径を有する大粒子の割合は97体積%であった。
得られた分散液AS12はゲル状物を多く含み不均一であったため、燃料電池特性試験に供することが可能な均質な電解質膜を作製することができなかった。
実施例1で用いた含フッ素イオン交換樹脂(含水率28.7質量%)4.2g、水55.8gをガラスの内筒を有するSUS304製の容量0.12Lのオートクレーブのガラス内筒に仕込み、内筒とオートクレーブ内壁の間に水10gを仕込んだ。次いでガラス内筒内の液を攪拌しながら、230℃で7hrの分散処理を実施した。加温とともにオートクレーブ内圧が上昇し最大圧力は2.7MPaであった。冷却後にオートクレーブから取り出したところ、得られた分散組成物AS13は膨潤したゲル状物を含む液体であった。これをアドバンテック東洋株式会社製ステンレスラインホルダーKS-47とミリポア社製ポリプロピレンプレフィルターAN25(ポアサイズ2.5μm、フィルターサイズ47mmφ)を用いてろ過することで、ゲル状物を取り除いた分散組成物AS13Fを得た。AS13Fの組成は含フッ素イオン交換樹脂1.2質量%、水98.8質量%であった。また、10μm以上の粒子径を有する大粒子の割合は0.0体積%であった。
得られた分散組成物AS13Fをポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム上にダイコータを用いて乾燥後に30μmの厚みになるように塗工して、80℃において乾燥を行い、電解質膜を形成したが、乾燥が進行するにしたがい電解質膜に亀裂が発生した。乾燥が終了した15分後には数mm角程度の小片になるまで亀裂が増加したため、燃料電池特性試験に供することが可能な均質な電解質膜を作製することができなかった。
一方、アルコール類を50質量%以上含有する混合溶媒を用いて製造した比較例1~4の含フッ素イオン交換樹脂の分散組成物は、分散組成物の粘度が式(I)の範囲内にない分散組成物であった。特に、比較例2においては、含フッ素イオン交換樹脂濃度を20質量%にまで濃縮できるものであったが、不均一で粘度の高い分散組成物であった。
図1から、AS11に比較してAS2及びAS6は粒子径10μm以上の成分に由来する1×104μsecよりも長時間側のスペクトルが減少していることがわかる。また、AS13Fでは1×104μsecよりも長時間側のスペクトルは全く存在しておらず、このことから粒子径10μm以上の粒子の割合が0体積%であることが分かる。
Claims (12)
- 前記分散組成物の粘度ηd(mPa・s)が、式(I):ηd≦exp(0.26×Cd)の範囲内にある、請求項1に記載の分散組成物(ここで、Cdは前記含フッ素イオン交換樹脂の濃度(質量%)を示す)。
- 前記含フッ素イオン交換樹脂を15~45質量%含む、請求項1又は2に記載の分散組成物。
- 前記含フッ素イオン交換樹脂前駆体のメルトフローレートが0.01~100g/10分である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の分散組成物。
- 前記含フッ素イオン交換樹脂が前記式(2)においてn=0かつm=2の共重合体を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の分散組成物。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の分散組成物を用いて作製される固体高分子型燃料電池用電解質膜。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の分散組成物を用いて作製される固体高分子型燃料電池用ガス拡散電極。
- 請求項6に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池用電解質膜及び/又は請求項7に記載の固体高分子型燃料電池用ガス拡散電極を備える燃料電池。
- 下記式(1)及び式(2)の繰り返し単位からなる共重合体を含む含フッ素イオン交換樹脂の分散組成物の製造方法であって、
(式中、Zは、H、Cl、F又は炭素数1~3のパーフルオロアルキル基であり、mは0~12の整数であり、nは0~2の整数である。)
水を50.1~99.9質量%、アルコール類を0.1~49.9質量%含有する混合溶媒に、当量質量が400~1000g/eqである前記含フッ素イオン交換樹脂を1質量%以上15質量%未満混合する工程、
前記含フッ素イオン交換樹脂を含有する水性組成物を分散処理する工程、
分散処理された前記水性組成物を含フッ素イオン交換樹脂濃度Cd(質量%)が15質量%以上45質量%以下となるように濃縮する工程、
を含む、分散組成物の製造方法。 - 前記アルコール類がメタノール、エタノール、1-プロパノール及び2-プロパノールからなる群から選ばれる1種類以上のアルコールである、請求項9に記載の分散組成物の製造方法。
- 220℃以下で分散処理する、請求項9又は10に記載の分散組成物の製造方法。
- 前記含フッ素イオン交換樹脂が前記式(2)においてn=0かつm=2の共重合体を含む、請求項9~11のいずれか一項に記載の分散組成物の製造方法。
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| US12/936,610 US8685591B2 (en) | 2008-04-09 | 2009-03-31 | Dispersion composition having fluorine-containing ion exchange resin with adjusted particle size abundance ratio |
| EP09730519.7A EP2264085B1 (en) | 2008-04-09 | 2009-03-31 | Fluorine-containing ion exchange resin dispersed composition |
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| US11374247B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 | 2022-06-28 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrolyte solution and method for producing same, continuously dissolving facility, electrolyte membrane, electrode catalyst layer, membrane electrode assembly and fuel cell |
| US10586994B2 (en) | 2013-07-02 | 2020-03-10 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | Electrolyte solution and method for producing same, continuously dissolving facility, electrolyte membrane, electrode catalyst layer, membrane electrode assembly and fuel cell |
| JP6081592B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-02 | 2017-02-15 | 旭化成株式会社 | 電解質溶液及びその製造方法、連続溶解装置、電解質膜、電極触媒層、膜電極接合体、並びに燃料電池 |
| KR20180115355A (ko) | 2013-07-02 | 2018-10-22 | 다이킨 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 전해질 용액 및 그 제조 방법, 연속 용해 장치, 전해질막, 전극 촉매층, 막 전극 접합체, 및 연료 전지 |
| KR20160015320A (ko) | 2013-07-02 | 2016-02-12 | 아사히 가세이 이-매터리얼즈 가부시키가이샤 | 전해질 용액 및 그 제조 방법, 연속 용해 장치, 전해질막, 전극 촉매층, 막 전극 접합체, 및 연료 전지 |
| KR20190026942A (ko) | 2013-07-02 | 2019-03-13 | 다이킨 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 전해질 용액 및 그 제조 방법, 연속 용해 장치, 전해질막, 전극 촉매층, 막 전극 접합체, 및 연료 전지 |
| JPWO2017033686A1 (ja) * | 2015-08-24 | 2018-06-28 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 液状組成物、触媒層形成用塗工液および膜電極接合体の製造方法 |
| US10563021B2 (en) | 2015-08-24 | 2020-02-18 | AGC Inc. | Methods for producing liquid composition, coating liquid for catalyst layer and membrane electrode assembly |
| KR20180044848A (ko) * | 2015-08-24 | 2018-05-03 | 아사히 가라스 가부시키가이샤 | 액상 조성물, 촉매층 형성용 도공액 및 막 전극 접합체의 제조 방법 |
| WO2017033686A1 (ja) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-03-02 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 液状組成物、触媒層形成用塗工液および膜電極接合体の製造方法 |
| KR102483026B1 (ko) | 2015-08-24 | 2022-12-29 | 에이지씨 가부시키가이샤 | 액상 조성물, 촉매층 형성용 도공액 및 막 전극 접합체의 제조 방법 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2014056841A (ja) | 2014-03-27 |
| EP2264085A1 (en) | 2010-12-22 |
| US9468924B2 (en) | 2016-10-18 |
| US20130210943A1 (en) | 2013-08-15 |
| EP2264085B1 (en) | 2014-12-17 |
| JP5468536B2 (ja) | 2014-04-09 |
| US20110027684A1 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
| EP2264085A4 (en) | 2013-08-21 |
| CA2720687A1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
| JP5829668B2 (ja) | 2015-12-09 |
| US8685591B2 (en) | 2014-04-01 |
| JPWO2009125695A1 (ja) | 2011-08-04 |
| CA2720687C (en) | 2013-03-26 |
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