WO2009125551A1 - 潤滑油組成物 - Google Patents
潤滑油組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009125551A1 WO2009125551A1 PCT/JP2009/001457 JP2009001457W WO2009125551A1 WO 2009125551 A1 WO2009125551 A1 WO 2009125551A1 JP 2009001457 W JP2009001457 W JP 2009001457W WO 2009125551 A1 WO2009125551 A1 WO 2009125551A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/02—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a non-macromolecular organic compound
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
- C10M2203/1065—Naphthenic fractions used as base material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/2805—Esters used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
- C10M2207/2815—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/04—Molecular weight; Molecular weight distribution
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/54—Fuel economy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/30—Refrigerators lubricants or compressors lubricants
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lubricating oil composition, and in particular, a lubricating oil composition having excellent viscosity temperature characteristics and low-temperature fluidity, and excellent fatigue resistance and load resistance, particularly an automatic transmission and / or
- the present invention relates to a continuously variable transmission and a lubricating oil composition suitable for an internal combustion engine.
- Viscosity and temperature characteristics of conventional lubricants used in automatic transmissions, manual transmissions, and internal combustion engines for improved durability and fuel efficiency such as thermal oxidation stability, wear resistance, and fatigue resistance Improvement of low temperature viscosity properties such as improvement of low temperature viscosity, improvement of low temperature fluidity, etc. are required.
- Lubricants containing various additives such as agents, friction modifiers, seal swelling agents, viscosity index improvers, antifoaming agents, and colorants are used.
- Recent transmissions and engine oils are required to save fuel, be lighter, smaller, and have higher output.
- transmissions have been pursued to improve their power transmission capabilities as the combined output of engines increases. Yes.
- the lubricating oil used in these products is required to maintain high lubrication performance and reduce wear and fatigue on the surfaces of bearings, gears, etc. while reducing product viscosity and base oil viscosity.
- automatic transmissions and continuously variable transmissions are assumed to be used in cold regions of -10 ° C or lower, and further improvements in low-temperature performance are aimed at improving low-temperature startability and fuel consumption at low temperatures. It has been demanded.
- the present invention has a lubricating oil composition, particularly an automatic transmission and / or a continuously variable transmission, having excellent viscosity temperature characteristics and low temperature performance, and excellent fatigue resistance and load resistance.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a lubricating oil composition suitable for the above.
- a lubricating oil composition containing a specific additive in a specific lubricating base oil has excellent viscosity temperature characteristics and low-temperature performance, wear resistance and The present inventors have found that the metal fatigue life can be improved and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention includes (A) a mineral oil base oil having a kinematic viscosity of 5 to 15 mm 2 / s at 40 ° C., and (B) one or more mixtures, comprising one or more mixtures.
- An ester base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of 3 to 25 mm 2 / s and a kinematic viscosity at 0 ° C.
- the lubricating kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of the composition is 4 ⁇ 23mm 2 / s It is an oil composition.
- the (B) ester base oil is preferably a monoester.
- the viscosity index of the (B) ester base oil is preferably 170 or more.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention preferably contains (C) a polymethacrylate viscosity index improver having a weight average molecular weight of 70,000 or less.
- the present invention is a transmission oil composition comprising the above lubricating oil composition.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention has excellent viscosity temperature characteristics and low temperature performance, and is excellent in metal fatigue resistance and load resistance. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for automatic transmissions and / or continuously variable transmissions such as automobiles, construction machines, and agricultural machines, and as lubricating oils for manual transmissions such as automobiles, construction machines, and agricultural machines, and differential gears. Are also preferably used. In addition, it can be suitably used for industrial gear oils, automobiles such as motorcycles and automobiles, gasoline engines for power generation and marine use, diesel engines, lubricating oils for gas engines, turbine oils, compressor oils, etc. it can.
- the component (A) in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is a mineral oil base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of 5 to 15 mm 2 / s composed of one or a mixture of two or more.
- the kinematic viscosity of the component (A) at 40 ° C. needs to be 5 to 15 mm 2 / s, preferably 6 mm 2 / s or more, more preferably 7 mm 2 / s or more, and still more preferably 8 mm 2. / S or more, particularly preferably 9 mm 2 / s or more.
- the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of the component (A) exceeds 15 mm 2 / s, the viscosity temperature characteristic and the low temperature viscosity characteristic deteriorate, whereas when it is less than 5 mm 2 / s, the formation of an oil film at the lubrication site is not possible. Since this is sufficient, the metal fatigue resistance and load resistance are inferior, and the evaporation loss of the lubricating base oil increases.
- the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of the component (A) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 5 mm 2 / s, more preferably 1.5 mm 2 / s or more, and further preferably 2.0 mm 2 / s. s or more, particularly preferably 2.3 mm 2 / s or more, and most preferably 2.5 mm 2 / s or more. Further, it is preferably 4.0 mm 2 / s or less, more preferably 3.5 mm 2 / s or less, still more preferably 3.3 mm 2 / s or less, and particularly preferably 3.0 mm 2 / s or less. It is. When the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C.
- the viscosity temperature characteristics and the low temperature viscosity characteristics deteriorate, whereas when it is less than 1 mm 2 / s, oil film formation at the lubrication site is not possible. Since this is sufficient, the metal fatigue resistance and load resistance are inferior, and the evaporation loss of the lubricating base oil increases.
- the pour point of the component (A) is not particularly limited, but is preferably ⁇ 15 ° C. or less, more preferably ⁇ 17.5 ° C. or less, still more preferably ⁇ 20 ° C. or less, and particularly preferably It is ⁇ 22.5 ° C. or lower, and most preferably ⁇ 25 ° C. or lower.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably ⁇ 45 ° C. or higher, more preferably ⁇ 40 ° C. or higher, and further preferably ⁇ 35 ° C. or higher in terms of low-temperature viscosity characteristics and economy in the dewaxing process. Particularly preferably, it is ⁇ 30 ° C. or higher.
- a lubricating oil composition having excellent low-temperature viscosity characteristics can be obtained.
- the dewaxing step any of solvent dewaxing and contact dewaxing steps may be applied. However, the contact dewaxing step is particularly preferable because the low temperature viscosity characteristics can be further improved.
- the viscosity index of the component (A) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 100 or more, more preferably 105 or more, and further preferably 110 or more. Moreover, although it may be 135 or more as one aspect of the present invention, it is preferably 135 or less, more preferably 130 or less, still more preferably 125 or less, and particularly preferably 120 or less from the viewpoint of superior solubility of additives and sludge. .
- the lubricating oil composition excellent in the viscosity temperature characteristic and the low temperature viscosity characteristic can be obtained by setting the viscosity index of the component (A) to 100 or more.
- the% C A of Component (A) is preferably 5 or less, from the viewpoint it is possible to enhance the heat and oxidation stability and viscosity-temperature characteristics, more preferably 3 or less More preferably, it is 2 or less, particularly preferably 1 or less.
- the% C N of the component (A) in that it is possible to further improve the heat and oxidation stability and viscosity-temperature characteristics, preferably 30 or less, more preferably 25 or less, the The lower limit is not particularly limited, and may be less than 10 as one aspect of the present invention. However, it is preferably 10 or more, more preferably 15 or more, from the viewpoint of excellent solubility of additives and sludge.
- % C A,% C A P and% C N is determined by a method in accordance with ASTM D 3238-85, respectively (n-d-M ring analysis), the total number of carbon atoms of the aromatic carbon atoms Mean percentage of paraffin carbon to total carbon and percentage of naphthene carbon to total carbon.
- the content of the saturated part of (A) component Preferably it is 90 mass% or more at the point which can improve thermal / oxidation stability and a viscosity temperature characteristic, More preferably, it is 94 mass% or more. More preferably, it is 98% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 99% by mass or more.
- limiting in particular about content of the aromatic component of (A) component Preferably it is 10 mass% or less at the point which can improve thermal / oxidation stability and a viscosity temperature characteristic, More preferably, it is 6 It is not more than mass%, more preferably not more than 2 mass%, particularly preferably not more than 1 mass%.
- the content of the saturated component and the aromatic component means a value (unit: mass%) measured in accordance with ASTM D 2007-93.
- the aniline point of (A) component it is 90 degreeC or more at the point which can obtain the lubricating oil composition excellent in a low-temperature viscosity characteristic and fatigue life, More preferably, it is 95 degreeC or more, More preferably, it is 100 degreeC or more, Most preferably, it is 103 degreeC or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, and may be 120 ° C. or higher as one aspect of the present invention, but is preferably 120 ° C. or lower because it is more excellent in solubility of additives and sludge and more excellent in compatibility with a sealing material. More preferably, it is 115 degrees C or less, More preferably, it is 110 degrees C or less.
- the sulfur content of (A) component Preferably it is 0.1 mass% or less, More preferably, it is 0.05 mass% or less, More preferably, it is desirable that it is 0.01 mass% or less.
- limiting in particular about the nitrogen content of (A) component Preferably it is 5 mass ppm or less at the point which can obtain the composition which is more excellent in thermal and oxidation stability, More preferably, it is 3 mass ppm or less. is there.
- the amount of NOACK evaporation of the component (A) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 to 70% by mass, preferably 5 to 60% by mass, more preferably 20 to 50% by mass, and further preferably 25 to 50% by mass. It is.
- the NOACK evaporation amount in the present invention means an evaporation loss amount measured according to ASTM D 5800-95.
- a component may be only 1 type of mineral oil, and the mixture of 2 or more types of mineral oil may be sufficient as it.
- the production method is not particularly limited.
- the base oils (1) to (8) shown below are used as raw materials, and the raw oils and / or the The base oil obtained by refine
- Distilled oil by atmospheric distillation of paraffinic crude oil and / or mixed base crude oil (2) Distilled oil by vacuum distillation of atmospheric distillation residue of paraffinic crude oil and / or mixed base crude oil ( WVGO) (3) Wax (slack wax, etc.) obtained by the lubricant dewaxing process and / or synthetic wax (Fischer-Tropsch wax, GTL wax, etc.) obtained by the gas-to-liquid (GTL) process, etc.
- the above-mentioned predetermined purification methods include hydrorefining such as hydrocracking and hydrofinishing; solvent refining such as furfural solvent extraction; dewaxing such as solvent dewaxing and catalytic dewaxing; acid clay and activated clay White clay purification; chemical (acid or alkali) cleaning such as sulfuric acid cleaning and caustic soda cleaning is preferable.
- hydrorefining such as hydrocracking and hydrofinishing
- solvent refining such as furfural solvent extraction
- dewaxing such as solvent dewaxing and catalytic dewaxing
- chemical (acid or alkali) cleaning such as sulfuric acid cleaning and caustic soda cleaning is preferable.
- one of these purification methods may be performed alone, or two or more may be combined.
- the order in particular is not restrict
- the lubricating base oil according to the present invention can be obtained by subjecting a base oil selected from the above base oils (1) to (8) or a lubricating oil fraction recovered from the base oil to a predetermined treatment.
- the following base oil (9) or (10) is particularly preferred.
- the thermal / oxidative stability and low temperature viscosity characteristics can be further enhanced, and the fatigue prevention performance of the lubricating oil composition is further enhanced. It is particularly preferable to include a contact dewaxing step.
- a solvent refining treatment and / or a hydrofinishing treatment step may be further provided as necessary.
- the catalyst used for the hydrocracking / hydroisomerization is not particularly limited, but a composite oxide having cracking activity (for example, silica alumina, alumina boria, silica zirconia, etc.) or one or more of the composite oxides Hydrocracking catalyst in which a metal having a hydrogenation ability (for example, one or more metals such as Group VIa metal and Group VIII metal in the periodic table) supported by a binder combined with a binder is supported Or a hydroisomerization catalyst in which a support containing zeolite (for example, ZSM-5, zeolite beta, SAPO-11, etc.) is loaded with a metal having a hydrogenation ability containing at least one of Group VIII metals.
- zeolite for example, ZSM-5, zeolite beta, SAPO-11, etc.
- the hydrocracking catalyst and hydroisomerization catalyst may be used in combination by lamination or mixing.
- the reaction conditions for hydrocracking, hydroisomerization is not particularly limited, hydrogen partial pressure 0.1 ⁇ 20 MPa, the average reaction temperature of 150 ⁇ 450 °C, LHSV0.1 ⁇ 3.0hr -1, a hydrogen / oil ratio 50 to 20000 scf / bbl is preferable.
- catalytic dewaxing the hydrocracking / isomerization product oil is reacted with hydrogen in the presence of an appropriate dewaxing catalyst under conditions effective to lower the pour point.
- catalytic dewaxing some of the high-boiling substances in the cracking / isomerization product are converted to low-boiling substances, the low-boiling substances are separated from the heavier base oil fraction, and the base oil fraction is fractionated. Two or more kinds of lubricating base oils are obtained.
- the low-boiling substances can be separated before obtaining the target lubricating base oil or during fractional distillation.
- the dewaxing catalyst is not particularly limited as long as it can lower the pour point of the cracked / isomerized product oil, but the desired lubricating base oil is obtained from the cracked / isomerized product oil in a high yield. Those that can be used are preferred.
- a shape selective molecular sieve molecular sieve
- ferrierite, mordenite, ZSM-5, ZSM-11, ZSM-23, ZSM-35, ZSM-22 And theta aluminophosphates (SAPO) and the like.
- SAPO a aluminophosphates
- These molecular sieves are preferably used in combination with a catalytic metal component, and more preferably in combination with a noble metal.
- a preferable combination is, for example, a composite of platinum and H-mordenite.
- the dewaxing conditions are not particularly limited, but the temperature is preferably 200 to 500 ° C., and the hydrogen pressure is preferably 10 to 200 bar (1 MPa to 20 MPa). Also, in the case of flow-through reactor, H 2 processing speed is preferably 0.1 ⁇ 10kg / l / hr, LHSV is preferably 0.1 ⁇ 10h -1, more preferably 0.2 ⁇ 2.0 h -1 .
- dewaxing refers to a substance having an initial boiling point of 350 to 400 ° C., usually 40% by weight or less, preferably 30% by weight or less, contained in the cracked / isomerized product oil, having a boiling point lower than the initial boiling point. It is preferable to carry out the conversion to a substance having the same.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is an ester having a kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of 3 to 25 mm 2 / s and a kinematic viscosity at 0 ° C. of 10 to 130 mm 2 / s as the component (B).
- the kinematic viscosity of the component (B) at 40 ° C. needs to be 3 to 25 mm 2 / s, preferably 4 mm 2 / s or more, more preferably 5 mm 2 / s or more, and further preferably 6 mm. 2 / s or more, particularly preferably 7 mm 2 / s or more, and most preferably 8 mm 2 / s or more.
- the upper limit value is preferably 23 mm 2 / s or less, more preferably 20 mm 2 / s or less, further preferably 15 mm 2 / s or less, and particularly preferably 12 mm 2 / s or less. Most preferably, it is 10 mm 2 / s or less.
- the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of the component (B) exceeds 25 mm 2 / s, the viscosity temperature characteristic and the low temperature viscosity characteristic are deteriorated, which is not preferable.
- the kinematic viscosity is less than 3 mm 2 / s, the formation of an oil film at the lubrication site is insufficient, resulting in poor metal fatigue resistance and load resistance, and an increase in evaporation loss of the lubricating base oil. , Each is not preferred.
- the kinematic viscosity of the component (B) at 0 ° C. needs to be 10 to 130 mm 2 / s, preferably 15 mm 2 / s or more, more preferably 20 mm 2 / s or more, and further preferably 25 mm. 2 / s or more, particularly preferably 27 mm 2 / s or more, and most preferably 29 mm 2 / s or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 120 mm 2 / s or less, more preferably 100 mm 2 / s or less, still more preferably 80 mm 2 / s or less, particularly preferably 60 mm 2 / s or less, Most preferably, it is 40 mm ⁇ 2 > / s or less.
- the kinematic viscosity at 0 ° C. of the component (B) exceeds 130 mm 2 / s, the viscosity temperature characteristic and the low temperature viscosity characteristic are deteriorated, which is not preferable.
- the kinematic viscosity is less than 10 mm 2 / s, the formation of an oil film at the lubrication point is insufficient, resulting in inferior metal fatigue resistance and load resistance and an increase in evaporation loss of the lubricating base oil. , Each is not preferred.
- the lower limit becomes like this.
- it is 1.0 mm ⁇ 2 > / s or more, More preferably, it is 1.5 mm ⁇ 2 > / s or more, More preferably Is 2.0 mm 2 / s or more, particularly preferably 2.3 mm 2 / s or more, and most preferably 2.5 mm 2 / s or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 10 mm 2 / s or less, more preferably 5 mm 2 / s or less, further preferably 4 mm 2 / s or less, and particularly preferably 3.5 mm 2 / s or less.
- the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of the component (B) exceeds 10 mm 2 / s, the viscosity temperature characteristic and the low temperature viscosity characteristic tend to deteriorate, whereas when the kinematic viscosity is less than 1.0 mm 2 / s. Further, since the formation of an oil film at the lubrication portion is insufficient, the metal fatigue prevention property and the load resistance are inferior, and the evaporation loss of the lubricating base oil becomes large.
- the viscosity index of the component (B) is not particularly limited, but the lower limit is preferably 100 or more, more preferably 120 or more, still more preferably 140 or more, and particularly preferably 160 or more. , Most preferably 170 or more, and most preferably 180 or more. Moreover, although it may be 220 or more as one aspect of the present invention, it is preferably 220 or less, more preferably 210 or less, still more preferably 200 or less, and particularly preferably 190 or less in view of excellent solubility with the component (A). is there. In addition, the lubricating oil composition excellent in the viscosity temperature characteristic and the low-temperature viscosity characteristic can be obtained by making the viscosity index of the said (B) component 100 or more.
- the alcohol constituting the ester base oil as the component (B) may be a monohydric alcohol or a polyhydric alcohol, and the acid constituting the ester base oil may be a monobasic acid or a polybasic acid. . Moreover, if it is a base oil containing an ester bond, a complex ester compound may be used. A monoester or a diester is preferable, and a monoester is more preferable.
- the monohydric alcohol those having 1 to 24 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms are usually used. Such alcohols may be linear or branched, It may be saturated or unsaturated. Specific examples of the alcohol having 1 to 24 carbon atoms include methanol, ethanol, linear or branched propanol, linear or branched butanol, linear or branched pentanol.
- the polyhydric alcohol those having 2 to 10 valences, preferably 2 to 6 valences are usually used.
- divalent to 10-valent polyhydric alcohol include, for example, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (ethylene glycol tri- to 15-mer), propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol (propylene glycol 3- 15-mer), 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol, 2-methyl-1, Dihydric alcohols such as 3-propanediol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,3-pentanediol, 1,4-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, neopentylglycol; glycerin, polyglycerin (glycerin 2 ⁇
- Polyhydric alcohols such as xylose, arabinose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, sorbose, cellobiose, maltose, isomaltose, trehalose, sucrose, and mixtures thereof And the like.
- ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, glycerin, trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, sorbitan, and a mixture thereof are more preferable.
- neopentyl glycol, trimethylol ethane, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, and a mixture thereof are most preferable because higher thermal / oxidative stability can be obtained.
- a fatty acid having 2 to 24 carbon atoms is usually used, and the fatty acid may be linear or branched and saturated. Or unsaturated.
- saturated fatty acids having 3 to 20 carbon atoms unsaturated fatty acids having 3 to 22 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof are particularly preferable, and saturated fatty acids having 4 to 18 carbon atoms are preferred from the viewpoint that lubricity and handleability are further improved. Further, unsaturated fatty acids having 4 to 18 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof are more preferable, and saturated fatty acids having 4 to 18 carbon atoms are most preferable from the viewpoint of oxidative stability.
- polybasic acids examples include dibasic acids having 2 to 16 carbon atoms and trimellitic acid.
- the dibasic acid having 2 to 16 carbon atoms may be linear or branched, and may be saturated or unsaturated.
- ethanedioic acid propanedioic acid, linear or branched butanedioic acid, linear or branched pentanedioic acid, linear or branched hexanedioic acid, Linear or branched heptanedioic acid, linear or branched octanedioic acid, linear or branched nonanedioic acid, linear or branched decanedioic acid, linear Linear or branched undecanedioic acid, linear or branched dodecanedioic acid, linear or branched tridecanedioic acid, linear or branched tetradecanedioic acid, linear or Branched h
- the combination of the alcohol and the acid forming the ester is arbitrary and is not particularly limited.
- Examples of the ester that can be used in the present invention include the following esters. These esters may be used alone, or 2 You may combine seeds or more.
- (A) ester of monohydric alcohol and monobasic acid (b) ester of polyhydric alcohol and monobasic acid (c) ester of monohydric alcohol and polybasic acid (d) polyhydric alcohol and polybasic acid Ester (e) monohydric alcohol, mixture of polyhydric alcohol and polybasic acid (f) mixed ester of polyhydric alcohol with monobasic acid, polybasic acid (g) monohydric alcohol , Mixtures of polyhydric alcohols with monobasic acids and polybasic acids
- an ester of a monohydric alcohol and a monobasic acid (a) an ester of a monohydric alcohol and a monobasic acid, (b) an ester of a polyhydric alcohol and a monobasic acid, or (c) a monohydric alcohol.
- an ester of a polybasic acid more preferably an ester of a monohydric alcohol and a monobasic acid or an ester of a monohydric alcohol and a dibasic acid.
- the ester obtained when a polyhydric alcohol is used as the alcohol component may be a complete ester in which all the hydroxyl groups in the polyhydric alcohol are esterified.
- a partial ester may be used.
- the organic acid ester obtained when a polybasic acid is used as the acid component may be a complete ester in which all the carboxyl groups in the polybasic acid are esterified, or a part of the carboxyl groups is not esterified and carboxylated. It may be a partial ester remaining as a group.
- the ester base oil that is the component (B) used in the present invention may be composed of only one kind of the above-described ester compound, or may be composed of a mixture of two or more kinds. Good.
- the viscosity index of ester base oil it is 170 or more, More preferably, it is 180 or more, More preferably, it is 190 or more.
- limiting in particular about the upper limit Preferably it is 300 or less at the point which can improve mixing stability and storage stability with (A) component, More preferably, it is 250 or less, More preferably, it is 230 or less. Yes, particularly preferably 210 or less.
- (B) component it is 0.80 g / cm ⁇ 3 > or more, More preferably, it is 0.82 g / cm ⁇ 3 > or more, More preferably, it is 0.84 g / cm ⁇ 3 > or more. Even more preferably 0.85 g / cm 3 or more, particularly preferably 0.86 g / cm 3 or more, and most preferably 0.87 g / cm 3 or more.
- 1.0 g / cm ⁇ 3 > or more may be sufficient as one aspect
- the density of the component (B) is 0.80 g / cm 3 or more, the viscosity temperature characteristics and the low-temperature performance can be compatible with wear prevention and fatigue prevention at a high level.
- the density of the component (B) is less than 0.80 g / cm 3 , the formation of an oil film at the lubrication site is insufficient, which is not preferable due to poor metal fatigue resistance and load resistance.
- the acid value of the component (B) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 mgKOH or less, more preferably 3 mgKOH or less, still more preferably 2 mgKOH or less, particularly preferably 1.5 mgKOH or less, most preferably Is 1.0 mg KOH or less. Moreover, although it may be 0.2 mgKOH or less as one aspect of the present invention, it is preferably 0.2 mgKOH or more, more preferably 0.5 mgKOH or more from the viewpoint of economy in production. In addition, the lubricating oil composition excellent in oxidation stability can be obtained by the acid value of the said (B) component being 5 mgKOH or less.
- the content of the component (B) in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is required to be 80% by mass or less based on the mixed base oil of the component (A) and the component (B), preferably 30 It is not more than 20% by mass, more preferably not more than 20% by mass, still more preferably not more than 15% by mass, particularly preferably not more than 13% by mass, and most preferably not more than 11% by mass. Moreover, as a minimum, it is required that it is 0.5 mass% or more, Preferably it is 1 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 2 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 4 mass% or more, Especially Preferably it is 7 mass% or more.
- the oxidation stability can be improved, and by increasing the content of the component (B), the fuel economy and the metal fatigue prevention property are improved. can do.
- the content of the component (B) is less than 0.5% by mass, the necessary viscosity temperature characteristics, low temperature viscosity characteristics and fatigue resistance may not be obtained.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention contains the component (A) and the component (B) as main components, the mineral base oil and / or the synthetic base oil ((A)) used in ordinary lubricating oils. (Except the component and the component (B)) can be used together with the component (A) and the component (B).
- the content of the component (A) and the component (B) is preferably 50 to 99% by mass, more preferably 70 to 97% by mass, and still more preferably 85 to 95%, based on the total amount of the lubricating base oil. % By mass.
- Mineral oil base oils include mineral oil base oils other than the component (A).
- specific examples of synthetic base oils include polybutene or hydrides thereof; poly- ⁇ -olefins such as 1-octene oligomers and 1-decene oligomers or hydrides thereof; aromatic synthetic oils such as alkylnaphthalenes and alkylbenzenes. Or a mixture thereof can be exemplified.
- these mineral oil type base oil and / or synthetic type base oil the 1 type (s) or 2 or more types of arbitrary mixtures chosen from these can be used. Examples thereof include one or more mineral base oils, one or more synthetic base oils, a mixed oil of one or more mineral base oils and one or more synthetic base oils, and the like.
- the lubricating base oil used in the present invention is a mixed base oil composed of the component (A) and the component (B), or a mixed base oil composed of the component (A) and the component (B). It is a base oil containing an oil and / or a synthetic base oil, but the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of the mixed base oil composed of the component (A) and the component (B) needs to be 18 mm 2 / s or less. More preferably 16 mm 2 / s or less, still more preferably 14 mm 2 / s or less, particularly preferably 12 mm 2 / s or less, and most preferably 10 mm 2 / s or less.
- the lubricating base oil of the present invention is a base oil containing the mineral base oil and / or the synthetic base oil in addition to the mixed base oil of the component (A) and the component (B). it is necessary that the kinetic viscosity at 40 ° C. of the lubricating base oil is less than 18 mm 2 / s.
- the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of the mixed base oil composed of the component (A) and the component (B) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3.5 mm 2 / s or less, more preferably 3.2 mm. 2 / s or less, more preferably 3.0 mm 2 / s or less, particularly preferably 2.9 mm 2 / s or less, and most preferably not more than 2.8 mm 2 / s.
- the viscosity index is preferably adjusted as described above, and the viscosity index is preferably 100 or more, more preferably 105 or more, further preferably 110 or more, particularly preferably 115 or more, and most preferably 120 or more.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention preferably contains a viscosity index improver as the component (C).
- a viscosity index improver include a so-called non-dispersion type viscosity index improver, which is a (co) polymer of one or more monomers of various methacrylates, or a polar monomer containing nitrogen. Examples include so-called dispersed viscosity index improvers that are polymerized.
- specific examples of other viscosity index improvers include non-dispersed or dispersed ethylene- ⁇ -olefin copolymers (the ⁇ -olefins include propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, etc.) or hydrogen thereof.
- styrene-diene hydrogenated copolymers styrene-maleic anhydride ester copolymers, and polyalkylstyrenes.
- one or two or more compounds arbitrarily selected from these viscosity index improvers can be contained in any amount, but the low temperature viscosity characteristics and fatigue prevention performance are further improved. Therefore, non-dispersed or dispersed polymethacrylate is preferable, and non-dispersed polymethacrylate is particularly preferable.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of (C) component It is preferable that it is 70,000 or less, More preferably, it is 50,000 or less, More preferably, it is 40,000 or less, Especially preferably, 30,000 000 or less.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited and is usually 1,000 or more, but is preferably 10,000 or more, more preferably 15,000 or more, and still more preferably 20,000 or more in terms of excellent viscosity-temperature characteristics and low-temperature performance. It is.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the component (C) is less than 1,000, the viscosity temperature characteristic, that is, the fuel economy cannot be sufficiently improved, which is not preferable.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of (C) component exceeds 70,000, since it is inferior to shear stability, it is unpreferable.
- the content of the component (C) in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is preferably 0.01 to 20% by mass, more preferably 5 to 15% by mass, based on the total amount of the lubricating oil composition.
- the viscosity index of the product can be increased, and the low-temperature viscosity characteristics and fatigue prevention performance can be sufficiently increased.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention can contain various additives as required as long as the excellent viscosity temperature characteristics and low temperature performance, fatigue resistance and load resistance are not impaired.
- Such an additive is not particularly limited, and any additive conventionally used in the field of lubricating oils can be blended.
- Specific examples of such lubricant additives include metal detergents, ashless dispersants, antioxidants, extreme pressure agents, antiwear agents, friction modifiers, pour point depressants, corrosion inhibitors, and rust inhibitors. , Demulsifiers, metal deactivators, antifoaming agents and the like. These additives may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- metal detergents include sulfonate detergents, salicylate detergents, phenate detergents, and the like, including any of normal salts, basic normal salts, and overbased salts with alkali metals or alkaline earth metals. Can be blended. In use, one kind or two or more kinds arbitrarily selected from these can be blended.
- the ashless dispersant any ashless dispersant used in lubricating oils can be used.
- the ashless dispersant is a mono- or mono-chain having at least one linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group having 40 to 400 carbon atoms in the molecule.
- Bisuccinimide benzylamine having at least one alkyl group or alkenyl group having 40 to 400 carbon atoms in the molecule, polyamine having at least one alkyl group or alkenyl group having 40 to 400 carbon atoms in the molecule, or these And modified products of boron compounds, carboxylic acids, phosphoric acids and the like. In use, one kind or two or more kinds arbitrarily selected from these can be blended.
- the antioxidant include ashless antioxidants such as phenols and amines, and metal antioxidants such as copper and molybdenum.
- friction modifier examples include ashless friction modifiers such as fatty acid esters, aliphatic amines, and fatty acid amides, and metal friction modifiers such as molybdenum dithiocarbamate and molybdenum dithiophosphate.
- ashless friction modifiers such as fatty acid esters, aliphatic amines, and fatty acid amides
- metal friction modifiers such as molybdenum dithiocarbamate and molybdenum dithiophosphate.
- any extreme pressure agent and antiwear agent used for lubricating oil can be used.
- sulfur-based, phosphorus-based, sulfur-phosphorus extreme pressure agents and the like can be used.
- the pour point depressant for example, a polymethacrylate polymer compatible with the lubricating base oil to be used can be used.
- Examples of the corrosion inhibitor include benzotriazole, tolyltriazole, thiadiazole, or imidazole compounds.
- Examples of the rust preventive include petroleum sulfonate, alkylbenzene sulfonate, dinonylnaphthalene sulfonate, alkenyl succinic acid ester, and polyhydric alcohol ester.
- Examples of the demulsifier include polyalkylene glycol nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether, or polyoxyethylene alkyl naphthyl ether.
- metal deactivators include imidazoline, pyrimidine derivatives, alkylthiadiazoles, mercaptobenzothiazoles, benzotriazoles or derivatives thereof, 1,3,4-thiadiazole polysulfide, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl-2,5-bis.
- metal deactivators include imidazoline, pyrimidine derivatives, alkylthiadiazoles, mercaptobenzothiazoles, benzotriazoles or derivatives thereof, 1,3,4-thiadiazole polysulfide, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl-2,5-bis.
- examples thereof include dialkyldithiocarbamate, 2- (alkyldithio) benzimidazole, and ⁇ - (o-carboxybenzylthio) propiononitrile.
- antifoaming agents include silicone oils having a kinematic viscosity at 25 ° C.
- alkenyl succinic acid derivatives of less than 0.1 to 100 mm 2 / s, alkenyl succinic acid derivatives, esters of polyhydroxy aliphatic alcohols and long chain fatty acids, methyl salicylates and o -Hydroxybenzyl alcohol and the like.
- the content is preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass based on the total amount of the composition.
- the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. of the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is required to be 4 to 23 mm 2 / s, but the upper limit is preferably 22 mm 2 / s, more preferably 21. 5 mm 2 / s, more preferably 21.0 mm 2 / s, particularly preferably 20.5 mm 2 / s, most preferably 20 mm 2 / s.
- the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. is less than 5 mm 2 / s, there is a risk of problems in oil film retention and evaporation at the lubrication site, and when the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. exceeds 23 mm 2 / s, fuel saving May be inferior.
- the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but the upper limit is preferably 6.0 mm 2 / s, more preferably 5.5 mm 2 / s, preferably 5.3 mm 2 / s, particularly preferably 5.2 mm 2 / s, most preferably 5.1 mm 2 / s.
- the lower limit value preferably 1.5 mm 2 / s, more preferably 4.0 mm 2 / s, more preferably 4.5 mm 2 / s, particularly preferably 4.8 mm 2 / s, most preferably Is 5.0 mm 2 / s.
- kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C is less than 1.5 mm 2 / s, there is a risk of problems in oil film retention and evaporability at the lubrication site. If the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C exceeds 6.0 mm 2 / s May cause a lack of fuel economy.
- the viscosity index of the lubricating oil composition of this invention is 160 or more, More preferably, it is 180 or more, More preferably, it is 190 or more, Most preferably, it is 195 or more.
- the Brookfield (BF) viscosity at ⁇ 40 ° C. of the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is preferably 15000 mPa ⁇ s or less, more preferably 10000 mPa ⁇ s or less, further preferably 8000 mPa ⁇ s or less, and particularly preferably 6000 mPa ⁇ s. s or less, and most preferably 5500 mPa ⁇ s or less.
- the Brookfield viscosity mentioned here is a value measured by ASTM D 2983.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is a lubricating oil composition having excellent wear resistance and fatigue resistance and excellent low-temperature fluidity, and is particularly suitable as an automatic transmission oil and / or continuously variable transmission oil. It is.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is also excellent in performance as a transmission oil other than those described above, and is used for automatic transmissions such as automobiles, construction machines, and agricultural machines, manual transmissions, and differential gears. Also preferably used.
- lubricating oils that require wear resistance, fatigue resistance, and low temperature viscosity characteristics such as industrial gear oils, automobiles such as motorcycles and automobiles, power generation, marine gasoline engines, diesel engines, gas, etc. It can also be suitably used for engine lubricating oil, turbine oil, compressor oil, and the like.
- Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 As shown in Table 1, lubricating oil compositions of the present invention (Examples 1 to 4) and comparative lubricating oil compositions (Comparative Examples 1 to 3) were prepared. The resulting composition was measured for kinematic viscosity, low temperature viscosity characteristics, fatigue resistance, and four-ball load resistance, and the results are also shown in Table 1.
- Base oil A-1 mineral oil [100 ° C. kinematic viscosity: 2.6 mm 2 / s, 40 ° C. kinematic viscosity: 9.5 mm 2 / s, viscosity index: 111, aniline point: 104 ° C.,% C P : 75,% C A : 1, pour point: ⁇ 27.5 ° C., S content: 1 mass ppm or less, N content: 3 mass ppm or less]
- Base oil A-2 mineral oil [100 ° C. kinematic viscosity: 4.1 mm 2 / s, 40 ° C.
- kinematic viscosity 18.7 mm 2 / s, viscosity index: 120, aniline point: 112 ° C.,% C P : 78,% C A : 1, pour point: -22.5 ° C., S content: 2 mass ppm, N content: 3 mass ppm or less]
- Base oil A-3 mineral oil [100 ° C. kinematic viscosity: 4.4 mm 2 / s, 40 ° C.
- kinematic viscosity 22.8 mm 2 / s, viscosity index: 102, aniline point: 99 ° C.,% C P : 66,% C A : 6, pour point: -15.0 ° C., S content: 1300 mass ppm, N content: 6 mass ppm]
- Base oil A-4 mineral oil [100 ° C. kinematic viscosity: 2.0 mm 2 / s, 40 ° C.
- kinematic viscosity 6.6 mm 2 / s, viscosity index: 93, aniline point: 87 ° C.,% C P : 61,% C A : 5.3, pour point: ⁇ 25.0 ° C., S content: 1000 mass ppm, N content: 3 mass ppm or less]
- Ester base oil B-1 monoester (monoester of C8 alcohol and fatty acid) [density: 0.87 g / cm 3 , 100 ° C. kinematic viscosity: 2.68 mm 2 / s, 40 ° C. kinematic viscosity: 8.2 mm 2 / S, 0 ° C.
- kinematic viscosity 30.8 mm 2 / s, viscosity index: 182, pour point: ⁇ 40 ° C., acid value: 1.0 mgKOH]
- Ester base oil B-2 polyol ester (neopentylglycol diester) [density: 0.90 g / cm 3 , 100 ° C. kinematic viscosity: 5.9 mm 2 / s, 40 ° C. kinematic viscosity: 24.0 mm 2 / s, 0 ° C.
- Viscosity index improver C-1 Weight average molecular weight 25,000, non-dispersed polymethacrylate
- Viscosity index improver C-2 Weight average molecular weight 20,000, non-dispersed polymethacrylate
- Performance additive D-1 Antiwear agent Additive package for transmission oil containing friction modifier, antioxidant, etc.
- Thrust needle bearing surface pressure: 1.9 GPa, rotation speed: 1410 rpm, oil temperature: 120 ° C.
- LNSL maximum non-seizure load
- the lubricating oil compositions of Examples 1 to 4 according to the present invention are excellent in viscosity temperature characteristics, low temperature viscosity characteristics, fatigue resistance and load resistance.
- Comparative Example 1 in which the component (B) is not used as the lubricating base oil and the 40 ° C. kinematic viscosity of the composition deviates from the specified value is inferior in viscosity temperature characteristics, low temperature viscosity characteristics and fatigue resistance.
- Comparative Example 2 in which the component (B) is not used is inferior in fatigue resistance and load resistance, and the low-temperature viscosity characteristics are also insufficient.
- the comparative example 3 which does not use (A) component is inferior to fatigue prevention property, load bearing property, and a low-temperature viscosity characteristic.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、上記手法だけでは粘度温度特性および低温性能と疲労防止性、耐荷重性の両立が十分に図れておらず、これらの性能を両立させつつその他の諸性能についても問題ない性能を有する潤滑油組成物の開発が求められている。
本発明の潤滑油組成物における(A)成分は、1種または2種以上の混合物からなる40℃における動粘度が5~15mm2/sの鉱油系基油である。
(A)成分の40℃における動粘度は5~15mm2/sであることが必要であり、好ましく6mm2/s以上であり、より好ましくは7mm2/s以上であり、さらに好ましくは8mm2/s以上であり、特に好ましくは9mm2/s以上である。また、好ましくは13mm2/s以下であり、より好ましくは12mm2/s以下であり、さらに好ましくは11mm2/s以下であり、特に好ましくは10mm2/s以下である。(A)成分の40℃における動粘度が15mm2/sを越える場合は、粘度温度特性及び低温粘度特性が悪化し、一方、5mm2/s未満の場合は、潤滑箇所での油膜形成が不十分であるため金属疲労防止性、耐荷重性に劣り、また潤滑油基油の蒸発損失が大きくなるため、それぞれ好ましくない。
また、(A)成分の%CAについては特に制限はないが、5以下であることが好ましく、熱・酸化安定性と粘度温度特性を高めることができる点で、より好ましくは3以下であり、さらに好ましくは2以下、特に好ましくは1以下である。
また、(A)成分の%CNについては特に制限はないが、熱・酸化安定性と粘度温度特性をより高めることができる点で、好ましくは30以下、より好ましくは25以下であり、その下限については特に制限はなく、本発明の1つの態様として10未満でもよいが、添加剤やスラッジの溶解性に優れる点で好ましくは10以上であり、より好ましくは15以上である。
なお、ここでいう%CA、%CP及び%CNとは、それぞれASTM D 3238-85に準拠した方法(n-d-M環分析)により求められる、芳香族炭素数の全炭素数に対する百分率、パラフィン炭素数の全炭素数に対する百分率及びナフテン炭素数の全炭素数に対する百分率をそれぞれ意味する。
また、(A)成分の芳香族分の含有量については特に制限はないが、熱・酸化安定性と粘度温度特性をより高めることができる点で、好ましくは10質量%以下、より好ましくは6質量%以下、さらに好ましくは2質量%以下、特に好ましくは1質量%以下である。
なお、本発明でいう飽和分及び芳香族分の含有量とは、ASTM D 2007-93に準拠して測定される値(単位:質量%)を意味する。
(A)成分の窒素分については特に制限はないが、より熱・酸化安定性に優れる組成物を得ることができる点で、好ましくは5質量ppm以下であり、より好ましくは3質量ppm以下である。
(1)パラフィン基系原油及び/又は混合基系原油の常圧蒸留による留出油
(2)パラフィン基系原油及び/又は混合基系原油の常圧蒸留残渣油の減圧蒸留による留出油(WVGO)
(3)潤滑油脱ろう工程により得られるワックス(スラックワックス等)及び/又はガストゥリキッド(GTL)プロセス等により得られる合成ワックス(フィッシャートロプシュワックス、GTLワックス等)
(4)基油(1)~(3)から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の混合油及び/又は当該混合油のマイルドハイドロクラッキング処理油
(5)基油(1)~(4)から選ばれる2種以上の混合油
(6)基油(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)又は(5)の脱瀝油(DAO)
(7)基油(6)のマイルドハイドロクラッキング処理油(MHC)
(8)基油(1)~(7)から選ばれる2種以上の混合油
(9)上記基油(1)~(8)から選ばれる基油又は当該基油から回収された潤滑油留分を水素化分解し、その生成物又はその生成物から蒸留等により回収される潤滑油留分について溶剤脱ろうや接触脱ろうなどの脱ろう処理を行い、または当該脱ろう処理をした後に蒸留することによって得られる水素化分解鉱油
(10)上記基油(1)~(8)から選ばれる基油又は当該基油から回収された潤滑油留分を水素化異性化し、その生成物又はその生成物から蒸留等により回収される潤滑油留分について溶剤脱ろうや接触脱ろうなどの脱ろう処理を行い、または、当該脱ろう処理をしたあとに蒸留することによって得られる水素化異性化鉱油
また、上記(9)又は(10)の潤滑油基油を得るに際して、必要に応じて溶剤精製処理及び/又は水素化仕上げ処理工程を更に設けてもよい。
(a)一価アルコールと一塩基酸とのエステル
(b)多価アルコールと一塩基酸とのエステル
(c)一価アルコールと多塩基酸とのエステル
(d)多価アルコールと多塩基酸とのエステル
(e)一価アルコール、多価アルコールとの混合物と多塩基酸との混合エステル
(f)多価アルコールと一塩基酸、多塩基酸との混合物との混合エステル
(g)一価アルコール、多価アルコールとの混合物と一塩基酸、多塩基酸との混合エステル
合成系基油としては、具体的には、ポリブテン又はその水素化物;1-オクテンオリゴマー、1-デセンオリゴマー等のポリ-α-オレフィン又はその水素化物;アルキルナフタレン、アルキルベンゼン等の芳香族系合成油又はこれらの混合物等が例示できる。
なお、これらの鉱油系基油および/または合成系基油としては、これらの中から選ばれる1種または2種以上の任意の混合物等が使用できる。例えば、1種以上の鉱油系基油、1種以上の合成系基油、1種以上の鉱油系基油と1種以上の合成系基油との混合油等を挙げることができる。
なお、本発明の潤滑油基油が、前記(A)成分および(B)成分の混合基油に、さらに前記鉱油系基油および/または合成系基油を含有する基油である場合においても、その潤滑油基油の40℃における動粘度が18mm2/s以下であることが必要である。
本発明の潤滑油組成物における(C)成分の含有量は、潤滑油組成物全量基準で、0.01~20質量%であることが好ましく、より好ましくは5~15質量%であり、組成物の粘度指数を高めるとともに、低温粘度特性と疲労防止性能を十分高めることができる。
無灰分散剤としては、潤滑油に用いられる任意の無灰分散剤が使用でき、例えば、炭素数40~400の直鎖若しくは分枝状のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を分子中に少なくとも1個有するモノまたはビスコハク酸イミド、炭素数40~400のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を分子中に少なくとも1個有するベンジルアミン、あるいは炭素数40~400のアルキル基又はアルケニル基を分子中に少なくとも1個有するポリアミン、あるいはこれらのホウ素化合物、カルボン酸、リン酸等による変成品等が挙げられる。使用に際してはこれらの中から任意に選ばれる1種類あるいは2種類以上を配合することができる。
酸化防止剤としては、フェノール系、アミン系等の無灰酸化防止剤、銅系、モリブデン系等の金属系酸化防止剤が挙げられる。
摩擦調整剤としては、脂肪酸エステル系、脂肪族アミン系、脂肪酸アミド系等の無灰摩擦調整剤、モリブデンジチオカーバメート、モリブデンジチオホスフェート等の金属系摩擦調整剤等が挙げられる。
極圧剤、摩耗防止剤としては、潤滑油に用いられる任意の極圧剤・摩耗防止剤が使用できる。例えば、硫黄系、リン系、硫黄-リン系の極圧剤等が使用でき、具体的には、亜リン酸エステル類、チオ亜リン酸エステル類、ジチオ亜リン酸エステル類、トリチオ亜リン酸エステル類、リン酸エステル類、チオリン酸エステル類、ジチオリン酸エステル類、トリチオリン酸エステル類、これらのアミン塩、これらの金属塩、これらの誘導体、ジチオカーバメート、亜鉛ジチオカーバメート、モリブデンジチオカーバメート、ジサルファイド類、ポリサルファイド類、硫化オレフィン類、硫化油脂類等が挙げられる。
流動点降下剤としては、例えば、使用する潤滑油基油に適合するポリメタクリレート系のポリマー等が使用できる。
腐食防止剤としては、例えば、ベンゾトリアゾール系、トリルトリアゾール系、チアジアゾール系、又はイミダゾール系化合物等が挙げられる。
防錆剤としては、例えば、石油スルホネート、アルキルベンゼンスルホネート、ジノニルナフタレンスルホネート、アルケニルコハク酸エステル、又は多価アルコールエステル等が挙げられる。
抗乳化剤としては、例えば、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル、又はポリオキシエチレンアルキルナフチルエーテル等のポリアルキレングリコール系非イオン系界面活性剤等が挙げられる。
金属不活性化剤としては、例えば、イミダゾリン、ピリミジン誘導体、アルキルチアジアゾール、メルカプトベンゾチアゾール、ベンゾトリアゾール又はその誘導体、1,3,4-チアジアゾールポリスルフィド、1,3,4-チアジアゾリル-2,5-ビスジアルキルジチオカーバメート、2-(アルキルジチオ)ベンゾイミダゾール、又はβ-(o-カルボキシベンジルチオ)プロピオンニトリル等が挙げられる。
消泡剤としては、例えば、25℃における動粘度が0.1~100mm2/s未満のシリコーンオイル、アルケニルコハク酸誘導体、ポリヒドロキシ脂肪族アルコールと長鎖脂肪酸のエステル、メチルサリチレートとo-ヒドロキシベンジルアルコール等が挙げられる。
本発明の潤滑油組成物の-40℃におけるブルックフィールド(BF)粘度は、好ましくは15000mPa・s以下であり、より好ましくは10000mPa・s以下、さらに好ましくは8000mPa・s以下、特に好ましくは6000mPa・s以下、最も好ましくは5500mPa・s以下である。
ここで言うブルックフィールド粘度とは、ASTM D 2983により測定される値である。
また、本発明の潤滑油組成物は、上記以外の変速機油としての性能にも優れており、自動車、建設機械、農業機械等の自動変速機用あるいは手動変速機用、ディファレンシャルギヤ用の潤滑油としても好適に用いられる。その他、摩耗防止性、疲労防止性及び低温粘度特性が要求される潤滑油、例えば、工業用ギヤ油、二輪車、四輪車等の自動車用、発電用、舶用等のガソリンエンジン、ディーゼルエンジン、ガスエンジン用の潤滑油、タービン油、圧縮機油等にも好適に使用することができる。
表1に示すように、本発明の潤滑油組成物(実施例1~4)、比較用の潤滑油組成物(比較例1~3)をそれぞれ調製した。得られた組成物について、動粘度、低温粘度特性、疲労防止性、四球耐荷重性を測定し、その結果を同じく表1に併記した。
基油A-1:鉱油[100℃動粘度:2.6mm2/s、40℃動粘度:9.5mm2/s、粘度指数:111、アニリン点:104℃、%CP:75、%CA:1、流動点:-27.5℃、S量:1質量ppm以下、N量:3質量ppm以下]
基油A-2:鉱油[100℃動粘度:4.1mm2/s、40℃動粘度:18.7mm2/s、粘度指数:120、アニリン点:112℃、%CP:78、%CA:1、流動点:-22.5℃、S量:2質量ppm、N量:3質量ppm以下]
基油A-3:鉱油[100℃動粘度:4.4mm2/s、40℃動粘度:22.8mm2/s、粘度指数:102、アニリン点:99℃、%CP:66、%CA:6、流動点:-15.0℃、S量:1300質量ppm、N量:6質量ppm]
基油A-4:鉱油[100℃動粘度:2.0mm2/s、40℃動粘度:6.6mm2/s、粘度指数:93、アニリン点:87℃、%CP:61、%CA:5.3、流動点:-25.0℃、S量:1000質量ppm、N量:3質量ppm以下]
エステル系基油B-1:モノエステル(C8アルコールと脂肪酸のモノエステル)[密度:0.87g/cm3、100℃動粘度:2.68mm2/s、40℃動粘度:8.2mm2/s、0℃動粘度:30.8mm2/s、粘度指数:182、流動点:-40℃、酸価:1.0mgKOH]
エステル系基油B-2:ポリオールエステル(ネオペンチルグリコールジエステル)[密度:0.90g/cm3、100℃動粘度:5.9mm2/s、40℃動粘度:24.0mm2/s、0℃動粘度:127mm2/s、粘度指数:206、流動点:-30℃、酸価:1.0mgKOH]
粘度指数向上剤C-1:重量平均分子量2万5千、非分散型ポリメタクリレート
粘度指数向上剤C-2:重量平均分子量2万、非分散型ポリメタクリレート
性能添加剤D-1:摩耗防止剤、摩擦調整剤、酸化防止剤等を含有する変速機油用添加剤パッケージ
ASTM D 2983に準拠し、各潤滑油組成物の-40℃におけるBF粘度を測定した。本試験においては、BF粘度の値が小さいものほど低温流動性に優れていることを意味する。
(2)疲労防止性
高温転がり疲労試験機を用いて、以下の試験条件でピッチング発生寿命を評価した。また、比較例1の試験結果を基準として、ピッチング発生寿命の比を算出した。本試験においては、疲労寿命比(L50比およびL10比)が大きいほど疲労防止性能に優れていることを意味する。
スラストニードルベアリング(面圧:1.9GPa、回転数:1410rpm、油温:120℃)
(3)高速四球耐荷重性
ASTM D 2596に準拠し、高速四球試験機を用い、各潤滑油組成物の1800回転における最大非焼付き荷重(LNSL)を測定した。本試験においては、最大非焼付き荷重が大きいほど耐荷重性に優れていることを意味する。
(4)酸化安定性
JIS K 2514 4.(内燃機関用潤滑油酸化安定度試験方法)に準拠して実施し、酸価増加およびペンタン不溶分を測定した。
一方、潤滑油基油として(B)成分を使用せず、組成物の40℃動粘度が規定値を外れる比較例1は、粘度温度特性、低温粘度特性及び疲労防止性に劣る。同様に(B)成分を使用しない比較例2も、疲労防止性や耐荷重性に劣り、低温粘度特性も不十分である。また、(A)成分を使用しない比較例3は、疲労防止性、耐荷重性及び低温粘度特性に劣る。
Claims (5)
- (A)1種または2種以上の混合物からなる、40℃における動粘度が5~15mm2/sの鉱油系基油、および(B)1種または2種以上の混合物からなる、40℃における動粘度が3~25mm2/s、0℃における動粘度が10~130mm2/sのエステル系基油を含有し、(A)成分と(B)成分の混合基油の40℃における動粘度が18mm2/s以下で、かつエステル系基油配合率が0.5~80質量%であり、潤滑油組成物の40℃における動粘度が4~23mm2/sであることを特徴とする潤滑油組成物。
- 前記(B)エステル系基油がモノエステルであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の潤滑油組成物。
- 前記(B)エステル系基油の粘度指数が170以上であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の潤滑油組成物。
- (C)重量平均分子量7万以下のポリメタクリレート系粘度指数向上剤を含有することを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の潤滑油組成物。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の潤滑油組成物からなる変速機油組成物。
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| JP2022104376A (ja) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-07-08 | 日本電産株式会社 | 流体軸受用潤滑油、流体軸受、モータ及び送風機 |
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| JP2012012600A (ja) * | 2010-06-29 | 2012-01-19 | Chevron Oronite Technology Bv | トランクピストンエンジン用潤滑油組成物 |
| WO2012132054A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-25 | 2012-10-04 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
| US20160186091A1 (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2016-06-30 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Lubricating oil composition |
| WO2014129032A1 (ja) * | 2013-02-19 | 2014-08-28 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 変速機用潤滑油組成物 |
| JP2014159496A (ja) * | 2013-02-19 | 2014-09-04 | Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corp | 変速機用潤滑油組成物 |
| US9540587B2 (en) | 2013-02-19 | 2017-01-10 | JX Nippon Oil & Enery Corporation | Lubricating oil composition for transmissions |
| US10227541B2 (en) | 2014-06-16 | 2019-03-12 | Jx Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation | Lubricating oil composition for transmissions |
| WO2015194236A1 (ja) * | 2014-06-16 | 2015-12-23 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 変速機用潤滑油組成物 |
| JP2016003258A (ja) * | 2014-06-16 | 2016-01-12 | Jx日鉱日石エネルギー株式会社 | 変速機用潤滑油組成物 |
| WO2016157956A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-10-06 | Jxエネルギー株式会社 | 自動変速機用潤滑油組成物 |
| JPWO2016157956A1 (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2018-01-25 | Jxtgエネルギー株式会社 | 自動変速機用潤滑油組成物 |
| JP2016216683A (ja) * | 2015-05-26 | 2016-12-22 | コスモ石油ルブリカンツ株式会社 | 動力伝達装置用潤滑油組成物 |
| JP2021529238A (ja) * | 2018-07-02 | 2021-10-28 | トタル マーケティング セルヴィス | 電気自動車又はハイブリッド車の推進システムを冷却し潤滑するための組成物 |
| WO2020171188A1 (ja) | 2019-02-20 | 2020-08-27 | Jxtgエネルギー株式会社 | 変速機用潤滑油組成物 |
| US11560527B2 (en) | 2019-02-20 | 2023-01-24 | Eneos Corporation | Lubricating oil composition for transmission |
| JP2021187925A (ja) * | 2020-05-28 | 2021-12-13 | Eneos株式会社 | 内燃機関用潤滑油組成物 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2261309B1 (en) | 2017-05-03 |
| EP2261309A4 (en) | 2013-01-09 |
| KR20100132990A (ko) | 2010-12-20 |
| JP2009249496A (ja) | 2009-10-29 |
| CN102037107B (zh) | 2013-08-21 |
| JP5288861B2 (ja) | 2013-09-11 |
| KR101540830B1 (ko) | 2015-07-30 |
| US8450253B2 (en) | 2013-05-28 |
| CN102037107A (zh) | 2011-04-27 |
| EP2261309A1 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
| US20110034358A1 (en) | 2011-02-10 |
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