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WO2009118000A2 - Liquid electrolyte battery comprising a temperature-controlling device - Google Patents

Liquid electrolyte battery comprising a temperature-controlling device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009118000A2
WO2009118000A2 PCT/DE2009/000421 DE2009000421W WO2009118000A2 WO 2009118000 A2 WO2009118000 A2 WO 2009118000A2 DE 2009000421 W DE2009000421 W DE 2009000421W WO 2009118000 A2 WO2009118000 A2 WO 2009118000A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
liquid electrolyte
housing
heating
electrolyte battery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE2009/000421
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2009118000A3 (en
Inventor
Günther C. BAUER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IQ Power Licensing AG
Original Assignee
IQ Power Licensing AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IQ Power Licensing AG filed Critical IQ Power Licensing AG
Publication of WO2009118000A2 publication Critical patent/WO2009118000A2/en
Publication of WO2009118000A3 publication Critical patent/WO2009118000A3/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/06—Lead-acid accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6551—Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H01M10/6555—Rods or plates arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/112—Monobloc comprising multiple compartments
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/654—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells located inside the innermost case of the cells, e.g. mandrels, electrodes or electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/112—Monobloc comprising multiple compartments
    • H01M50/114—Monobloc comprising multiple compartments specially adapted for lead-acid cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a liquid electrolyte battery, such as. B. a lead-acid battery, the z. B. is used as a starter battery in vehicles.
  • the endeavor of the vehicle industry for lightweight construction also relates to the saving of battery weight.
  • the demand for higher battery power increases, since in addition to the conventional energy for starting z. B. a car and energy for additional aggregates such as power windows, servomotors for adjusting the seats or for electrically heating the seats is needed.
  • Battery power is understood below to mean the capacity of the battery as well as the ability of the battery to supply power or to draw power. Battery performance is affected by various factors known to those skilled in the art.
  • the battery heaters can be classified according to various aspects.
  • the energy for heating the battery is taken from this itself. This is necessary when the vehicle is parked on the road and there is no possibility to supply electrical energy from the outside. It has already been proposed to insulate the battery thermally well and to keep it at the optimum temperature level possible by means of the self-heating. This method is only useful if the vehicle is only about 8 to 15 hours and cools down and then the vehicle is used again, d. h., the thermal insulation of the battery must be so good that the battery can be kept at the desired temperature level by the self-heating in these approx. 8 to 15 hours.
  • a starter battery like any material body, has a predetermined heat capacity. In order to raise a cold battery to a predetermined temperature level, a predetermined heat energy must be introduced as quickly as possible.
  • the liquid electrolyte battery has a housing with a housing bottom, electrodes disposed in the housing, a liquid electrolyte, and a heater that heats the housing.
  • the housing base has recesses and the heating device has heatable heating projections, which can be brought into engagement with the recesses of the housing bottom, so that a good contact with the thermally produced contact surface is created.
  • the advantage of the invention is mainly that a larger amount of heat can be introduced into the battery as in a heating of the battery on an outer side of the housing.
  • the recesses are provided between the battery cells.
  • the heating projections are heated separately. This has the advantage that temperature differences in the battery can be compensated for faster with this measure.
  • a temperature sensor is provided in the Schuvorsprüngen, with which the internal or core temperature of the battery can be measured when the heater is not turned on.
  • an electronic control system which is designed so that the core temperature of the unheated battery is measured with the temperature sensors, from this core temperature a required heating profile is calculated or selected and then the heating is started after the heating.
  • the person skilled in the art of thermal calculations is able to calculate from a given core temperature how long and with which time-variable power the heater has to be operated to optimally heat the battery, optimally achieving the shortest warm-up time understandable without damaging the battery due to high temperatures.
  • the heater on a base plate in the dimensions of a conventional battery has the following advantage:
  • the battery according to the invention with the adapted heating device can be used without constructive changes in battery mounting of a vehicle or exchanged for a conventional battery. Likewise, when replacing an old battery with a new one, the heater may remain in the vehicle because the battery is only removed from the heater.
  • Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a battery box with 6 cells.
  • Fig. 2 shows a side view of the heater.
  • Fig. 3 shows a plan view of the heater.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of the battery box of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of the battery box of FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 1 shows a battery box 1 with 6 empty cells, wherein in a cell, the side walls are denoted by 1a to 1d.
  • the battery box is made of acid-proof plastic and stands on a heater 2, in which an electrical resistance heater is integrated.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 show the heater from the side and from above.
  • the heating device 2 has a plate 2a with approximately rectangular heating projections 2b, which correspond to recesses 1e of the battery box 1.
  • the Schuvorsprünge 2b fit tightly into the recesses 1e, so that a good heat transfer is ensured in the.
  • FIG. 4 shows a plan view of the empty battery box according to FIG. 1. Between each two battery cells, one recess 1e is provided, which is also shown in FIG. 1 in the first battery cell 1a to 1d.
  • the technical teaching also includes providing the recess 1e at other locations of the battery. It should only be noted that the battery cell is heated as evenly as possible and that no damage occurs due to excessive heating.
  • electrical heating elements are also provided in this embodiment.
  • a temperature sensor are each provided, which are connected in circuit technology with a temperature control circuit (not shown).
  • the temperature control circuit is configured such that, after a temperature measurement of the unheated battery, it is estimated how long the battery is to be heated so that it reaches a predetermined operating temperature. Then the heater is turned on this determined time.
  • 1e heat exchanger fins 4 or other suitable training can be provided on the recesses. The design of the heat exchanger fins 4 should be such that a uniform distribution of the registered heat takes place. Therefore, the heat exchanger ribs 4 need not necessarily be arranged regularly.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Filling, Topping-Up Batteries (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a liquid electrolyte battery, such as a lead-acid battery, used, for example, as a starter battery in vehicles. The liquid electrolyte battery comprises: a housing (1) comprising a bottom, electrodes arranged in the housing (1), a liquid electrolyte, and a heating device (2) which heats the housing (1). According to the invention, the bottom (1d) of the housing is provided with recesses (1e) and the heating device (2) with heatable projections (2a) that can engage with the recesses (1e) of the bottom (1d) of the housing, thereby creating a thermal contact.

Description

Flüssigelektrolytbatterie mit Temperiervorrichtung Liquid electrolyte battery with tempering device

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Flüssigelektrolytbatterie, wie z. B. eine Blei-Säure- Batterie, die z. B. als Starterbatterie in Fahrzeugen eingesetzt wird.The invention relates to a liquid electrolyte battery, such as. B. a lead-acid battery, the z. B. is used as a starter battery in vehicles.

Das Bestreben der Fahrzeugindustrie nach Leichtbauweise betrifft auch die Einsparung von Batteriegewicht. Gleichzeitig steigt jedoch die Anforderung nach höherer Batterieleistung, da neben der herkömmlichen Energie zum Starten z. B. eines PKW auch Energie für zusätzliche Aggregate wie elektrische Fensterheber, Stellmotore zum Verstellen der Sitze oder auch zum elektrischen Beheizen der Sitze benötigt wird. Ferner ist es wünschenswert, die Batterieleistung über die Lebensdauer der Batterie möglichst auf einem konstanten hohen Niveau zu halten, da zunehmend auch sicherheitsrelevante Funktionseinheiten wie Lenkung und Bremsen elektrisch gesteuert und betätigt werden. Unter Batterieleistung wird nachfolgend die Kapazität der Batterie sowie die Fähigkeit der Batterie zur Stromabgabe bzw. zur Stromaufnahme verstanden. Die Batterieleistung wird von verschiedenen, dem Fachmann bekannten Faktoren beeinflusst.The endeavor of the vehicle industry for lightweight construction also relates to the saving of battery weight. At the same time, however, the demand for higher battery power increases, since in addition to the conventional energy for starting z. B. a car and energy for additional aggregates such as power windows, servomotors for adjusting the seats or for electrically heating the seats is needed. Further, it is desirable to keep the battery power over the life of the battery as possible at a constant high level, as increasingly safety-related functional units such as steering and brakes are electrically controlled and operated. Battery power is understood below to mean the capacity of the battery as well as the ability of the battery to supply power or to draw power. Battery performance is affected by various factors known to those skilled in the art.

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind verschiedene Maßnahmen bekannt, um die Leistung einer Flüssigelektrolytbatterie, wie z. B. einer Blei-Säure- Batterie zu erhöhen. Ein besonderes Problem bei diesen Batterien ist, dass die Batterieleistung eine starke Abhängigkeit von der Batterietemperatur aufweist. In einem zulässigen Betriebsbereich ist mit einem Kapazitätsrückgang von ca. 0,6 bis 0,8 % pro Grad Celsius oder mehr zu rechnen. Wird angenommen, dass eine optimale Betriebstemperatur bei ca. 30 Grad CeI- sius liegt und die Batterie bei minus 20 Grad Celsius betrieben wird, um z. B. den Anlasser eines Fahrzeugs zu betätigen, dann würde diese Batterie nur noch ca. 60 % ihrer Kapazität aufweisen. Es ist jedoch dem Fachmann bekannt, dass weitere Einflussfaktoren die Kapazität der Batterie verringern. Ein wesentlicher Einflussfaktor ist die sogenannte Stratifikation der Säure, d. h., die Säurekonzentration ist bezüglich der Elektrodenfläche nicht gleichmäßig. Das bewirkt, dass die Elektroden an Stellen, an denen die Säurekonzentration zu hoch ist, korrodieren, sodass sich die Lebensdauer der Batterie vermindert, und an den Elektrodenstellen, an denen die Säurekon- zentration zu gering ist, erreicht die Batterie nicht ihre volle Leistung.From the prior art, various measures are known to the performance of a liquid electrolyte battery, such. B. to increase a lead-acid battery. A particular problem with these batteries is that the battery power has a strong dependency on the battery temperature. In a permissible operating range, a capacity decrease of approx. 0.6 to 0.8% per degree Celsius or more is to be expected. It is assumed that an optimum operating temperature at about 30 degrees Celsius sius is and the battery is operated at minus 20 degrees Celsius, z. B. to operate the starter of a vehicle, then this battery would only have about 60% of its capacity. However, it is known to the person skilled in the art that further influencing factors reduce the capacity of the battery. An important influencing factor is the so-called stratification of the acid, ie the acid concentration is not uniform with respect to the electrode surface. This causes the electrodes to corrode at locations where the acid concentration is too high, thus reducing the life of the battery, and at the electrode locations where the acid concentration is too low, the battery will not reach full capacity.

Es ist allgemein bekannt, dass Fahrzeuge mit einer Brennkraftmaschine, die längere Zeit, z. B. mehr als 8 Stunden, bei Temperaturen unter Null Grad Celsius gestanden haben, sich besser starten lassen, wenn die ausgekühlte Batterie vor dem Start angewärmt wurde.It is well known that vehicles with an internal combustion engine, the longer time, z. B. more than 8 hours, have stood at temperatures below zero degrees Celsius, can be better start when the cooled battery was warmed up before starting.

Daher ist eine Vielzahl von Batterieheizeinrichtungen entwickelt worden, die verschiedene Vor- und Nachteile aufweisen und z. B. in den Dokumenten DE 28 12 876, US 2,440,369, DE 1 496 134, DE 40 27 149 A1 oder DE 100 14 848 beschrieben wurden.Therefore, a variety of battery heater has been developed, which have various advantages and disadvantages and z. For example, in the documents DE 28 12 876, US 2,440,369, DE 1 496 134, DE 40 27 149 A1 or DE 100 14 848 were described.

Die Batterieheizvorrichtungen können nach verschieden Gesichtspunkten klassifiziert werden.The battery heaters can be classified according to various aspects.

Eine Gruppe betrifft die Heizung der Batterie durch Wärmeaustausch. So wurde z. B. vorgeschlagen, an der Außenwand einer Batterie Wärmetauscherrohre vorzusehen, durch die warme Motorkühlflüssigkeit geleitet wird.One group concerns the heating of the battery by heat exchange. So z. B. proposed to provide on the outer wall of a battery heat exchanger tubes is passed through the warm engine coolant.

Vielfach wurden auch elektrische Heizungen vorgeschlagen, wobei diese Gruppe in zwei Untergruppen geteilt werden kann.In many cases, electric heaters have been proposed, and this group can be divided into two subgroups.

Es gibt eine Reihe von Ideen, Heizfolien oder ähnliche Heizelemente an der Außenwand oder auch in der Batterie selbst anzuordnen und die elektrische Energie extern zuzuführen, z. B. bei einem in einer Garage parkenden Fahrzeug aus einem 220 V - Netzanschluss. Hier steht immer genügend Energie zur Verfügung, sodass die Batterie unabhängig von der Außentemperatur auf einer vorbestimmten Temperatur gehalten werden kann. Ebenso ist es möglich, die Energie aus der Lichtmaschine zu entnehmen, wenn das Fahrzeug fährt.There are a number of ideas to arrange heating foils or similar heating elements on the outer wall or even in the battery itself and the electrical To supply energy externally, z. For example, for a vehicle parked in a garage from a 220 V mains connection. Here is always enough energy available, so that the battery can be kept at a predetermined temperature, regardless of the outside temperature. It is also possible to remove the energy from the alternator when the vehicle is running.

Bei der zweiten Untergruppe wird die Energie zur Beheizung der Batterie aus dieser selbst entnommen. Das ist dann erforderlich, wenn das Fahrzeug auf der Straße abgestellt ist und keine Möglichkeit besteht, elektrische Energie von außen zuzuführen. Es wurde bereits vorgeschlagen, die Batterie thermisch gut zu isolieren und mittels der Selbstheizung auf einem möglichst optimalen Temperaturniveau zu halten. Diese Methode ist nur sinnvoll, wenn das Fahrzeug lediglich ca. 8 bis 15 Stunden steht und auskühlt und danach das Fahrzeug wieder benutzt wird, d. h., die thermische Isolation der Batterie muss so gut sein, dass die Batterie in diesen ca. 8 bis 15 Stunden durch die Selbstheizung auf dem gewünschten Temperaturniveau gehalten werden kann.In the second subgroup, the energy for heating the battery is taken from this itself. This is necessary when the vehicle is parked on the road and there is no possibility to supply electrical energy from the outside. It has already been proposed to insulate the battery thermally well and to keep it at the optimum temperature level possible by means of the self-heating. This method is only useful if the vehicle is only about 8 to 15 hours and cools down and then the vehicle is used again, d. h., the thermal insulation of the battery must be so good that the battery can be kept at the desired temperature level by the self-heating in these approx. 8 to 15 hours.

Wenn das Fahrzeug jedoch mehrere Tage steht, reicht der Energiegehalt der Batterie nicht aus, um selbst eine gut isolierte Batterie auf der wünschenswerten Temperatur zu halten. Es ist für solche Fälle notwendig, die Batterie erst dann zu erwärmen, wenn ein Start des Fahrzeugs vorgesehen ist.However, when the vehicle is stationary for several days, the energy content of the battery is insufficient to maintain even a well-insulated battery at the desirable temperature. It is necessary in such cases, to heat the battery only when a start of the vehicle is provided.

Es wurde daher mehrfach vorgeschlagen, die kalte Batterie erst kurz vor dem Start des Fahrzeugs zu erwärmen. Eine von mehreren Möglichkeiten, eine Batterie schnell zu erwärmen, ist ein Wärmeeintrag am Batterieboden.It has therefore been proposed several times to heat the cold battery shortly before the start of the vehicle. One of several ways to quickly heat a battery is to apply heat to the bottom of the battery.

Es wurde daher in der DE 100 14 848 C2 vorgeschlagen, die Batterie auf eine Wärmeplatte zu stellen, wobei es in diesem Zusammenhang unerheblich ist, ob es sich um eine herkömmliche elektrisch beheizbare Wärmeplatte handelt oder - wie bei der DE 100 14 848 C2 - um eine Abwärme erzeu- gende elektronische Baugruppe, die eigentlich für andere Zwecke eingesetzt wird.It was therefore proposed in DE 100 14 848 C2, to put the battery on a hot plate, it is irrelevant in this context, whether it is a conventional electrically heatable hot plate or - as in DE 100 14 848 C2 - to generate waste heat ing electronic assembly, which is actually used for other purposes.

Eine Starterbatterie hat wie jeder materielle Körper eine vorbestimmte Wär- mekapazität. Um eine kalte Batterie auf ein vorbestimmtes Temperaturniveau anzuheben, muss eine vorbestimmte Wärmeenergie möglichst schnell eingebracht werden.A starter battery, like any material body, has a predetermined heat capacity. In order to raise a cold battery to a predetermined temperature level, a predetermined heat energy must be introduced as quickly as possible.

Es ist daher die Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Flüssigelektrolytbatterie bereit- zustellen, die sich schnell erwärmen lässt.It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a liquid electrolyte battery which can be heated quickly.

Diese Aufgabe wurde mit einer Flüssigelektrolytbatterie nach Anspruch 1 gelöst.This object has been achieved with a liquid electrolyte battery according to claim 1.

Die Flüssigelektrolytbatterie weist ein Gehäuse mit einem Gehäuseboden auf, Elektroden, die in dem Gehäuse angeordnet sind, einen Flüssigelektrolyten und eine Heizvorrichtung, die das Gehäuse erwärmt. Erfindungsgemäß hat der Gehäuseboden Ausnehmungen und die Heizvorrichtung beheizbare Heizvorsprünge, die mit den Ausnehmungen des Gehäusebodens in Eingriff bringbar sind, sodass ein wärmetechnisch guter Berührungskontakt entsteht. Der Vorteil der Erfindung besteht hauptsächlich darin, dass eine größere Wärmemenge in die Batterie eingebracht werden kann als bei einer Erwärmung der Batterie an einer Außenseite des Gehäuses.The liquid electrolyte battery has a housing with a housing bottom, electrodes disposed in the housing, a liquid electrolyte, and a heater that heats the housing. According to the invention, the housing base has recesses and the heating device has heatable heating projections, which can be brought into engagement with the recesses of the housing bottom, so that a good contact with the thermally produced contact surface is created. The advantage of the invention is mainly that a larger amount of heat can be introduced into the battery as in a heating of the battery on an outer side of the housing.

Nach Anspruch 2 sind die Ausnehmungen zwischen den Batteriezellen vorgesehen. Diese Weiterbildung der Erfindung hat den Vorteil, dass mit einem Heizvorsprung zwei Zellen beheizbar sind. Für eine Batterie mit 6 Zellen sind somit nur drei dieser Heizvorsprünge erforderlich.According to claim 2, the recesses are provided between the battery cells. This development of the invention has the advantage that two cells can be heated with a heating projection. For a battery with 6 cells only three of these heating projections are required.

Nach Anspruch 3 sind die Heizvorsprünge getrennt beheizbar. Das hat den Vorteil, dass mit dieser Maßnahme Temperaturunterschiede in der Batterie schneller ausgleichbar sind. Nach Anspruch 4 ist in den Heizvorsprüngen ein Temperatursensor vorgesehen, mit dem die Innen- oder Kerntemperatur der Batterie gemessen werden kann, wenn die Heizvorrichtung nicht eingeschaltet ist.According to claim 3, the heating projections are heated separately. This has the advantage that temperature differences in the battery can be compensated for faster with this measure. According to claim 4, a temperature sensor is provided in the Heizvorsprüngen, with which the internal or core temperature of the battery can be measured when the heater is not turned on.

Nach Anspruch 5 ist eine Steuerelektronik vorgesehen ist, die so ausgebildet ist, dass mit den Temperatursensoren die Kerntemperatur der ungeheizten Batterie gemessen wird, aus dieser Kerntemperatur ein erforderliches Aufheizprofil errechnet oder ausgewählt wird und anschließend die Aufheizung nach dem Aufheizprofil gestartet wird. Der Fachmann für wärmetech- nische Berechnungen ist in der Lage, aus einer vorgegebenen Kerntemperatur zu berechnen, wie lange und mit welcher, sich über die Zeit veränderbaren Leistung die Heizvorrichtung betrieben werden muss, um die Batterie optimal zu erwärmen, wobei unter optimal die kürzeste Aufwärmzeit zu verstehen ist, ohne die Batterie durch zu hohe Temperaturen zu schädigen.According to claim 5, an electronic control system is provided, which is designed so that the core temperature of the unheated battery is measured with the temperature sensors, from this core temperature a required heating profile is calculated or selected and then the heating is started after the heating. The person skilled in the art of thermal calculations is able to calculate from a given core temperature how long and with which time-variable power the heater has to be operated to optimally heat the battery, optimally achieving the shortest warm-up time understandable without damaging the battery due to high temperatures.

Nach Anspruch 6 weist die Heizvorrichtung eine Grundplatte in den Abmessungen einer herkömmlichen Batterie auf. Diese Weiterbildung der Erfindung weist folgenden Vorteil auf: Die erfindungsgemäße Batterie mit der angepassten Heizvorrichtung kann ohne konstruktive Änderungen der Batte- riebefestigung eines Fahrzeugs eingesetzt bzw. gegen eine herkömmliche Batterie ausgetauscht werden. Ebenso kann beim Austausch einer alten gegen eine neue Batterie die Heizvorrichtung im Fahrzeug verbleiben, da die Batterie lediglich von der Heizvorrichtung abgezogen wird.According to claim 6, the heater on a base plate in the dimensions of a conventional battery. This development of the invention has the following advantage: The battery according to the invention with the adapted heating device can be used without constructive changes in battery mounting of a vehicle or exchanged for a conventional battery. Likewise, when replacing an old battery with a new one, the heater may remain in the vehicle because the battery is only removed from the heater.

Nach Anspruch 7 ragen die Heizvorsprünge wenigsten zu einem Drittel der Gehäusehöhe in dieses hinein. Dadurch wird die Batterie weitgehend von innen geheizt und erwärmt sich insgesamt schneller.According to claim 7 protrude the Heizvorsprünge least one third of the housing height in this. As a result, the battery is largely heated from the inside and heats up faster overall.

Um den Wärmeeintrag in den Elektrolyten zu verbessern, können an den beheizten Innenwandflächen des Gehäuses zusätzliche Heizvorsprünge oder Stege angeordnet sein, die die Funktion eines Wärmetauschers aufweisen. Weitere Maßnahmen und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der Ausführungsbeispiele in Verbindung mit den beigefügten schematischen Zeichnungen.In order to improve the heat input into the electrolyte, additional heating projections or webs can be arranged on the heated inner wall surfaces of the housing, which have the function of a heat exchanger. Further measures and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying schematic drawings.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Batteriekastens mit 6 Zellen.Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a battery box with 6 cells.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Seitenansicht der Heizvorrichtung.Fig. 2 shows a side view of the heater.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine Draufsicht der Heizvorrichtung.Fig. 3 shows a plan view of the heater.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine Draufsicht von dem Batteriekasten aus Fig. 1.FIG. 4 is a plan view of the battery box of FIG. 1. FIG.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt einen Batteriekasten 1 mit 6 leeren Zellen, wobei bei einer Zelle die Seitenwände mit 1a bis 1d bezeichnet sind. Der Batteriekasten besteht aus säurefestem Kunststoff und steht auf einer Heizvorrichtung 2, in der eine elektrische Widerstandsheizung integriert ist.Fig. 1 shows a battery box 1 with 6 empty cells, wherein in a cell, the side walls are denoted by 1a to 1d. The battery box is made of acid-proof plastic and stands on a heater 2, in which an electrical resistance heater is integrated.

Die Fig. 2 und 3 zeigen die Heizvorrichtung von der Seite und von oben. Die Heizvorrichtung 2 hat eine Platte 2a mit näherungsweise rechteckigen Heizvorsprüngen 2b, die mit Ausnehmungen 1e des Batteriekastens 1 korrespondieren. Die Heizvorsprünge 2b passen straff in die Ausnehmungen 1e, damit ein guter Wärmeübergang in die gewährleistet ist.Figs. 2 and 3 show the heater from the side and from above. The heating device 2 has a plate 2a with approximately rectangular heating projections 2b, which correspond to recesses 1e of the battery box 1. The Heizvorsprünge 2b fit tightly into the recesses 1e, so that a good heat transfer is ensured in the.

Die Fig. 4 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf den leeren Batteriekasten nach Fig. 1. Zwischen je zwei Batteriezellen ist je eine Ausnehmung 1e vorgesehen, die auch in der Fig. 1 in der ersten Batteriezelle 1a bis 1d gezeigt ist.FIG. 4 shows a plan view of the empty battery box according to FIG. 1. Between each two battery cells, one recess 1e is provided, which is also shown in FIG. 1 in the first battery cell 1a to 1d.

Bei dieser Anordnung werden somit immer zwei Zellen gleichzeitig erwärmt. Die technische Lehre beinhaltet jedoch auch, die Ausnehmung 1e an anderen Stellen der Batterie vorzusehen. Dabei ist lediglich zu beachten, dass die Batteriezelle möglichst gleichmäßig erwärmt wird und keine Schäden durch zu starke Erwärmung auftreten. In der Platte 2a sind bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ebenfalls elektrische Heizelemente vorgesehen.In this arrangement, thus always two cells are heated simultaneously. However, the technical teaching also includes providing the recess 1e at other locations of the battery. It should only be noted that the battery cell is heated as evenly as possible and that no damage occurs due to excessive heating. In the plate 2a electrical heating elements are also provided in this embodiment.

An den Oberkanten der Heizvorsprünge 2b sind je ein Temperatursensor vorgesehen, die mit einer Temperatursteuerschaltung (nicht gezeigt) schaltungstechnisch verbunden sind. Die Temperatursteuerschaltung ist so ausgebildet, dass nach einer Temperaturmessung der unbeheizten Batterie abgeschätzt wird, wie lange die Batterie zu beheizen ist, damit sie auf eine vorbestimmte Betriebstemperatur gelangt. Dann wird die Heizvorrichtung diese ermittelte Zeit eingeschaltet. Um eine möglichst schnelle Erwärmung zu erreichen, können an den Ausnehmungen 1e Wärmetauscherrippen 4 oder andere, dafür geeignete Ausbildungen vorgesehen werden. Die Gestaltung der Wärmetauscherrippen 4 soll so erfolgen, dass eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der eingetragenen Wärme erfolgt. Daher müssen die Wärmetauscher- rippen 4 nicht zwangsläufig regelmäßig angeordnet sein.At the upper edges of the heating projections 2b, a temperature sensor are each provided, which are connected in circuit technology with a temperature control circuit (not shown). The temperature control circuit is configured such that, after a temperature measurement of the unheated battery, it is estimated how long the battery is to be heated so that it reaches a predetermined operating temperature. Then the heater is turned on this determined time. In order to achieve the fastest possible heating, 1e heat exchanger fins 4 or other suitable training can be provided on the recesses. The design of the heat exchanger fins 4 should be such that a uniform distribution of the registered heat takes place. Therefore, the heat exchanger ribs 4 need not necessarily be arranged regularly.

Anhand der beschriebenen Ausführungsformen kann der Fachmann die technische Lehre der vorliegenden Erfindung vollständig entnehmen. Es ist klar, dass diese Ausführungsformen durch einen Fachmann mit Hilfe der er- findungsgemäßen Lehre weiterentwickelt und modifiziert oder kombiniert werden können. Daher fallen auch diese, nicht explizit genannten oder gezeigten weiteren Ausführungsformen in den Schutzbereich der nachfolgenden Patentansprüche. On the basis of the described embodiments, the expert can completely remove the technical teaching of the present invention. It is clear that these embodiments can be further developed and modified or combined by a person skilled in the art with the aid of the teaching according to the invention. Therefore, these, not explicitly mentioned or shown further embodiments fall within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

Ansprüche claims 1. Flüssigelektrolytbatterie, die aufweist:A liquid electrolyte battery comprising: - ein Gehäuse (1) mit einem Gehäuseboden (1d),a housing (1) having a housing bottom (1d), - Elektroden, die in dem Gehäuse (1) angeordnet sind,Electrodes arranged in the housing (1), - einen Flüssigelektrolyten unda liquid electrolyte and - eine Heizvorrichtung, die das Gehäuse (1) von erwärmt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Gehäuseboden (1d) Ausnehmungen (1e) und die Heizvorrichtung beheizbare Heizvorsprünge (2b) aufweisen, die mit den Ausnehmungen (1e) des Gehäusebodens (1d) in Eingriff bringbar sind, so dass ein wärmetechnischer Berührungskontakt entsteht.a heating device which heats the housing (1), characterized in that the housing bottom (1d) has recesses (1e) and the heating device has heatable heating projections (2b) which engage with the recesses (1e) of the housing bottom (1d) can be brought, so that a heat-technical touch contact arises. 2. Flüssigelektrolytbatterie nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ausnehmungen (1e) zwischen den Batteriezellen vorgesehen sind.2. Liquid electrolyte battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the recesses (1e) are provided between the battery cells. 3. Flüssigelektrolytbatterie nach den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Heizvorsprünge (2b) getrennt beheizbar sind.3. liquid electrolyte battery according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the heating projections (2b) are heated separately. 4. Flüssigelektrolytbatterie nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in den Heizvorsprüngen (2b) ein Temperatursensor (3) vorgesehen ist.4. liquid electrolyte battery according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in the Heizvorsprüngen (2b), a temperature sensor (3) is provided. 5. Flüssigelektrolytbatterie nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Steuerelektronik vorgesehen ist, die so ausgebildet ist, dass mit den Temperatursensoren (3) die Kerntemperatur der ungeheizten Batterie gemessen wird, aus dieser Kerntemperatur ein erforderliches Auf- heizprofil errechnet oder ausgewählt wird und anschließend die Aufheizung nach dem Aufheizprofil gestartet wird.5. Liquid electrolyte battery according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that an electronic control system is provided, which is designed so that with the temperature sensors (3) the core temperature of the unheated battery is measured, from this core temperature a required heating profile is calculated or selected and then the heating is started after the heating profile. 6. Flüssigelektrolytbatterie nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass die Heizvorrichtung eine Grundplatte (2a) in den Abmessungen einer herkömmlichen Batterie aufweist.6. liquid electrolyte battery according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the heating device has a base plate (2 a) in the dimensions of a conventional battery. 7. Flüssigelektrolytbatterie nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Heizvorsprünge (2b) wenigsten zu einem Drittel der Ge- häusehöhe in dieses hineinragen. 7. liquid electrolyte battery according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the Heizvorsprünge (2b) at least one third of the height of the housing protrude into this.
PCT/DE2009/000421 2008-03-26 2009-03-26 Liquid electrolyte battery comprising a temperature-controlling device Ceased WO2009118000A2 (en)

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