WO2009145078A1 - 冷媒冷却装置 - Google Patents
冷媒冷却装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2009145078A1 WO2009145078A1 PCT/JP2009/059137 JP2009059137W WO2009145078A1 WO 2009145078 A1 WO2009145078 A1 WO 2009145078A1 JP 2009059137 W JP2009059137 W JP 2009059137W WO 2009145078 A1 WO2009145078 A1 WO 2009145078A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- temperature
- refrigerant
- heat exchanger
- circulating refrigerant
- liquefied gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
- F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25D29/001—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for cryogenic fluid systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
- F25D17/02—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating liquids, e.g. brine
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a refrigerant cooling apparatus, and more specifically, refrigerant cooling for cooling a refrigerant used as a cooling source for a low temperature reaction such as fine chemical in the chemical industry by heat exchange in a heat exchanger using a low temperature liquefied gas as a cooling source. Relates to the device.
- a refrigerant called brine When removing reaction heat generated by a chemical reaction, a refrigerant called brine is generally circulated and made of methanol, ethanol, ketone, amine, silicone oil, organic halide, or a mixture thereof.
- Various low-temperature liquefied gases such as liquid nitrogen and liquid air, are used as cooling sources for cooling such refrigerants (circulated refrigerants) to be circulated to a low-temperature range that is difficult with ordinary refrigerators, for example, ⁇ 50 ° C. or lower.
- the circulating refrigerant is cooled to a predetermined temperature by exchanging heat between the low-temperature liquefied gas and the circulating refrigerant in a heat exchanger.
- a plurality of temperature sensors for detecting the temperature of the refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant flow path of the heat exchanger are provided (for example, see Patent Document 1), or the refrigerant of the heat exchanger.
- a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor are provided at the inlet / outlet part, and a temperature sensor is provided at the exhaust gas outlet part of the heat exchanger (see, for example, Patent Document 2). Control of the supply amount of the low-temperature liquefied gas to be supplied is performed.
- the circulation is performed if the set temperature of the circulating refrigerant is up to about ⁇ 90 ° C.
- the temperature of the refrigerant can be controlled sufficiently stably, in recent years, control in a lower temperature range has been demanded.
- the heat transfer surface temperature of the heat exchanger may be locally below the freezing point of the circulating refrigerant.
- Freezing and adhering to the heat transfer surface not only significantly reduces heat exchange efficiency, but also makes the flow path narrower and obstructs the flow of circulating refrigerant, making it impossible to circulate and supply a predetermined amount of circulating refrigerant to the object to be cooled. was there.
- Patent Document 1 it is possible to avoid freezing of the circulating refrigerant by detecting the refrigerant temperature in the heat exchanger, but the temperature of the circulating refrigerant is set near the freezing point of the circulating refrigerant. It has been difficult to control to a certain level.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a refrigerant cooling device that can cool the circulating refrigerant to a predetermined temperature efficiently and stably even when the cooling temperature of the circulating refrigerant is near the freezing point of the circulating refrigerant.
- the refrigerant cooling device of the present invention is a refrigerant cooling device that cools the circulating refrigerant by causing countercurrent indirect heat exchange between the circulating refrigerant that cools the object to be cooled and the low-temperature liquefied gas using a heat exchanger, and the heat exchange
- the refrigerant cooling device of the present invention is formed of a plurality of heat exchange units in which the heat exchangers are arranged in series, and at least the heat exchange unit located at the most downstream side in the flow direction of the circulating refrigerant is a double pipe type,
- the other heat exchange unit is a plate fin type or a plate type
- the second temperature detecting means is an inner pipe located downstream in the flow direction of the circulating refrigerant flowing in the inner pipe in the double pipe type heat exchange unit. Detect the heat transfer surface temperature.
- the second temperature detection means is provided on the circulating refrigerant side of the heat transfer surface corresponding to the inflow portion of the low-temperature liquefied gas in the heat exchanger.
- the circulating refrigerant temperature derived from the heat exchanger and the heat transfer surface temperature inside the heat exchanger are detected, and the supply amount of the low-temperature liquefied gas is controlled based on these detected temperatures.
- the circulating refrigerant can be stably cooled to a predetermined temperature while avoiding that the circulating refrigerant partially freezes and adheres to the heat transfer surface.
- the object to be cooled can be efficiently cooled.
- FIG. 1 is a system diagram showing an embodiment of the refrigerant cooling device of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the state inside the heat exchanger.
- the refrigerant cooling apparatus shown in the present embodiment is for cooling a low-temperature circulating refrigerant for cooling the low-temperature reaction tank 11 to a predetermined temperature, for example, a hydrocarbon-based refrigerant by heat exchange with a low-temperature liquefied gas, for example, liquefied nitrogen. Then, the circulating refrigerant flowing through the refrigerant circulation path 15 including the flow meter 12, the refrigerant circulation pump 13 and the reserve tank 14 and the low-temperature liquefied gas L introduced from the low-temperature liquefied gas introduction path 16 are subjected to countercurrent indirect heat exchange. A heat exchanger 17 is provided.
- the heat exchanger 17 includes a plate fin type or plate type first heat exchange unit 18 disposed on the upstream side of the refrigerant circulation path 15 in the flow direction of the circulation refrigerant, and a double disposed on the downstream side of the circulation direction of the circulation refrigerant. It is composed of a tube-type second heat exchange unit 19, and the circulating refrigerant is cooled to the vicinity of a set temperature by a plate fin type or plate type first heat exchange unit 18 excellent in heat exchange efficiency, and is a double tube type.
- the second heat exchange unit 19 is configured to cool the circulating refrigerant to a set temperature.
- a flow path of the low-temperature liquefied gas L is formed between the outer pipe 19a and the inner pipe 19b, and a flow path of the circulating refrigerant D is formed in the inner pipe 19b.
- the heat exchanger outlet side path 15a of the refrigerant circulation path 15 connected to the circulating refrigerant outlet side of the inner pipe 19b is provided with first temperature detection means 20 for detecting the temperature of the circulating refrigerant derived from the heat exchanger 17. ing.
- the circulating refrigerant flow path side serving as the inner peripheral surface of the inner pipe 19b is provided.
- the second temperature detecting means 21 for detecting the heat transfer surface temperature is provided.
- the second heat exchange unit 19 is a countercurrent type, normally, the inflow in which the low-temperature liquefied gas flows into the flow path of the low-temperature liquefied gas L at the outlet of the second heat exchange unit 19 in the flow path of the circulating refrigerant D.
- the second temperature detecting means 21 is provided at a position corresponding to the part.
- a first temperature indicating controller (TIC-1) 22 that operates based on the refrigerant temperature detected by the first temperature detecting means 20 and a preset first temperature set value.
- a second temperature indicating controller (TIC-) which operates based on the heat transfer surface temperature detected by the second temperature detecting means 21 and a preset second temperature set value.
- the second flow rate control means 25 controlled by 24 is arranged in series.
- a certain amount of the circulating refrigerant is discharged from the refrigerant circulation pump 13 that operates based on the detected flow rate of the flow meter 12 and is introduced into the heat exchanger 17.
- the heat exchanger 17 first, it is cooled to a temperature slightly higher than the set temperature in the upstream plate fin type or plate type first heat exchange unit 18, and then the downstream double pipe type second heat
- the replacement unit 19 cools to the set temperature.
- the circulating refrigerant cooled to the set temperature is introduced into the jacket 11a of the low-temperature reaction tank 11 which is the object to be cooled, and is cooled by the refrigerant circulation pump 13 through the flow meter 12 after cooling the low-temperature reaction tank 11. Circulates through the refrigerant circulation path 15. Further, the circulating refrigerant in the reserve tank 14 enters and exits the refrigerant circulation path 15 in accordance with a change in the volume of the circulating refrigerant due to temperature.
- the low-temperature liquefied gas is introduced from the low-temperature liquefied gas introduction path 16 through the first flow rate control means 23 and the second flow rate control means 25 into the heat exchanger 17 from the circulating refrigerant outlet side of the heat exchanger 17, and the second heat exchange.
- the unit 19 and the first heat exchange unit 18 perform countercurrent indirect heat exchange with the circulating refrigerant to cool the circulating refrigerant.
- the gas whose temperature has increased by cooling the circulating refrigerant and is vaporized is led out as exhaust gas G from the first heat exchange unit 18 to the exhaust gas outlet path 26.
- the set temperature of the circulating refrigerant is input to the first temperature indicating controller 22 as the first temperature set value, and the second temperature is set.
- the indication controller 24 receives a freezing point (melting point) of the circulating refrigerant or a temperature close to the freezing point as a second temperature set value.
- the control of the first flow rate control unit 23 by the first temperature indicating controller 22 is as follows: It opens when the refrigerant temperature detected by the first temperature detection means 20 is higher than the first temperature set value, and closes when the refrigerant temperature is lower than the first temperature set value.
- the control of the second flow rate control means 25 by the second temperature indicating controller 24 opens when the heat transfer surface temperature detected by the second temperature detection means 21 is higher than the second temperature set value, and the heat transfer surface temperature Is closed when the temperature is lower than the second temperature set value.
- the first flow rate control means 23 arranged in series in the low-temperature liquefied gas introduction path 16 based on the refrigerant temperature detected by the first temperature detection means 20 and the heat transfer surface temperature detected by the second temperature detection means 21;
- each of the second flow rate control means 25 it is possible to prevent a part of the circulating refrigerant from freezing in the inner pipe 19b even when the set temperature is near the freezing point of the circulating refrigerant.
- the frozen material F does not adhere to the heat transfer surface S in large quantities and obstructs the flow of the circulating refrigerant, and does not reduce the heat exchange efficiency. Can do.
- the heat exchanger 17 can use only one double-pipe heat exchange unit, but the heat transfer surface on the upstream side in the flow direction of the circulating refrigerant is larger than that of the double-pipe type.
- the plate fin type or plate type heat exchange unit 18 having high heat exchange efficiency, the circulating refrigerant whose temperature is rising can be efficiently cooled, and the entire heat exchanger can be reduced in size and low in temperature. The consumption of liquefied gas can also be reduced.
- the mounting position of the second temperature detection means 21 is arbitrary, and the number of installations is also arbitrary.
- the AC heat exchange unit 19 In the second heat exchange unit 19, the outlet portion where the refrigerant is at the lowest temperature or its vicinity, the AC heat exchange unit In this case, by installing it on the side of the circulating refrigerant flow path on the heat transfer surface corresponding to the part where the low temperature liquefied gas flows into the low temperature liquefied gas flow path, the transmission of the portion where the circulating refrigerant is most likely to freeze and adhere is increased. Since the hot surface temperature can be detected, the second flow rate control means 25 can be reliably controlled by one temperature detection means (temperature sensor).
- the configuration and number of installed heat exchangers are arbitrary, and when installing multiple heat exchange units, the double pipe type heat that can reliably measure the heat transfer surface temperature at the most downstream in the flow direction of the circulating refrigerant. Arrange the replacement unit.
- the flow rate control means is not limited to the shut-off valve that performs the open / close control, and may be a flow rate adjustment valve that can adjust the flow rate.
- the positional relationship between the first flow rate control means and the second flow rate control means in the low-temperature liquefied gas introduction path is arbitrary, and either may be located upstream.
- the heat exchange method in each heat exchange unit may be either counter-current or parallel flow, or may be an immersion method.
- the refrigerant cooling apparatus having the configuration shown in the above embodiment was used, and the low temperature reaction tank was cooled using a circulating refrigerant having a freezing point of ⁇ 136 ° C. as the circulating refrigerant.
- the temperature setting value of the first temperature indicating controller was set to ⁇ 110 ° C.
- the temperature setting value of the second temperature indicating controller was set to ⁇ 136 ° C.
- the cooling operation was performed by circulating the circulating refrigerant at a constant flow rate. .
- the detected values are stabilized 30 minutes after the start of the cooling operation, and the circulating refrigerant is cooled to ⁇ 110 ° C. in a stable state and can be supplied to the low-temperature reaction tank at a constant flow rate. .
- FIG. 4 shows changes with time of the circulating refrigerant temperature T4 detected by the refrigerant temperature detector and the exhaust gas temperature T5 detected by the evaporative gas temperature detector.
- the temperature setting value of the first temperature indicating controller when the temperature setting value of the first temperature indicating controller is in the range from ⁇ 80 ° C. to ⁇ 95 ° C. (the range from 30 minutes to 190 minutes after the start of operation), the temperature of the circulating refrigerant corresponds to each temperature setting value. However, if the temperature setting value of the first temperature indicating controller is set to a low temperature of ⁇ 95 ° C. or lower, the temperature of the circulating refrigerant becomes unstable and the temperature setting value is reduced to ⁇ 110 ° C. Then (290 minutes after the start of operation), the exhaust gas temperature also changes abruptly, indicating that the circulating refrigerant could not be cooled in a stable state at -110 ° C.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Abstract
Description
同様に、第2温度指示調節計24による第2流量制御手段25の制御は、第2温度検出手段21で検出した伝熱面温度が第2温度設定値より高いときに開き、伝熱面温度が第2温度設定値より低いときに閉じる動作を行う。
Claims (3)
- 被冷却物を冷却する循環冷媒と低温液化ガスとを熱交換器で向流間接熱交換させることにより前記循環冷媒を冷却する冷媒冷却装置であって、前記熱交換器から導出した前記循環冷媒の温度を検出する第1温度検出手段と、該第1温度検出手段で検出した循環冷媒の温度に応じて熱交換器に導入する前記低温液化ガスの供給量を制御する第1流量制御手段と、前記熱交換器の内部の伝熱面の温度を検出する第2温度検出手段と、該第2温度検出手段で検出した伝熱面の温度に応じて熱交換器に導入する前記低温液化ガスの供給量を制御する第2流量制御手段とを備え、前記第1流量制御手段と前記第2流量制御手段とを前記熱交換器に低温液化ガスを導入する低温液化ガス導入経路に直列に配設した冷媒冷却装置。
- 前記熱交換器は、直列に配置された複数の熱交換ユニットで形成され、少なくとも前記循環冷媒の流れ方向最下流に位置する熱交換ユニットが二重管式、他の熱交換ユニットがプレートフィン式又はプレート式であって、前記第2温度検出手段は、二重管式の熱交換ユニットにおける内管内を流れる循環冷媒の流れ方向下流側に位置する内管の伝熱面温度を検出する請求項1記載の冷媒冷却装置。
- 前記第2温度検出手段は、前記熱交換器における前記低温液化ガスの流入部に対応した伝熱面の循環冷媒側に設けられている請求項1又は2記載の冷媒冷却装置。
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/733,546 US20110056662A1 (en) | 2008-05-28 | 2009-05-18 | Refrigerant cooling apparatus |
| CN200980100278A CN101796356A (zh) | 2008-05-28 | 2009-05-18 | 制冷剂冷却装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008139955A JP5306708B2 (ja) | 2008-05-28 | 2008-05-28 | 冷媒冷却装置 |
| JP2008-139955 | 2008-05-28 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2009145078A1 true WO2009145078A1 (ja) | 2009-12-03 |
Family
ID=41376959
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2009/059137 Ceased WO2009145078A1 (ja) | 2008-05-28 | 2009-05-18 | 冷媒冷却装置 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20110056662A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5306708B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101796356A (ja) |
| SG (1) | SG190621A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2009145078A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5676388B2 (ja) * | 2011-08-03 | 2015-02-25 | 大陽日酸株式会社 | 熱媒温度制御方法及び熱媒温度制御装置 |
| WO2013054844A1 (ja) * | 2011-10-11 | 2013-04-18 | 大陽日酸株式会社 | 低温ガス供給装置、熱媒冷却装置、及び低温反応制御装置 |
| JP5840938B2 (ja) * | 2011-11-29 | 2016-01-06 | 大陽日酸株式会社 | 熱媒冷却装置及び熱媒冷却装置の運転方法 |
| JP2013167418A (ja) * | 2012-02-16 | 2013-08-29 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 熱処理物の冷却装置 |
| WO2013190842A1 (ja) * | 2012-06-20 | 2013-12-27 | 日曹エンジニアリング株式会社 | 冷却方法および冷却装置 |
| CN104457088A (zh) * | 2014-10-14 | 2015-03-25 | 安徽轩扬包装科技有限公司 | 一种用于印刷企业的双重制冷设备 |
| CN106679263A (zh) * | 2016-12-07 | 2017-05-17 | 深圳市欣华兴节能科技有限公司 | 一种液氮冷气回收装置及控制方法 |
| JP6869306B2 (ja) * | 2019-09-30 | 2021-05-12 | 月島機械株式会社 | 熱媒体利用機器への熱媒体供給方法及び熱媒体利用設備 |
| JP7044919B2 (ja) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-03-30 | 月島機械株式会社 | 熱媒体利用機器への熱媒体供給方法及び熱媒体利用設備 |
| JP7175353B1 (ja) * | 2021-07-07 | 2022-11-18 | 大陽日酸株式会社 | 2次冷媒の冷却循環装置及び冷却循環方法 |
| CN119717936B (zh) * | 2024-12-06 | 2025-08-12 | 中维化纤股份有限公司 | 一种熔体输送过程的工艺参数优化方法 |
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| JPH0622880U (ja) * | 1992-08-31 | 1994-03-25 | 日本酸素株式会社 | 冷媒冷却装置 |
| JPH1137623A (ja) * | 1997-07-17 | 1999-02-12 | Nippon Sanso Kk | 冷媒冷却装置 |
| JP2007127334A (ja) * | 2005-11-04 | 2007-05-24 | Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp | 熱媒加熱冷却装置 |
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| US3645697A (en) * | 1969-07-18 | 1972-02-29 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Controlling apparatus of a reactor |
| US3730819A (en) * | 1971-10-18 | 1973-05-01 | Athena Controls | Temperature control apparatus employing heating and cooling control circuits arranged in a head to toe configuration |
| US3979183A (en) * | 1974-11-25 | 1976-09-07 | Universal Oil Products Company | Heat exchange and flow control system for series flow reactors |
| US4191027A (en) * | 1976-07-29 | 1980-03-04 | Kabushiki Kaisah Maekawa Seisakusho | Apparatus for cooling brine |
| US4744408A (en) * | 1984-11-30 | 1988-05-17 | Herzog-Hart Corporation | Temperature control method and apparatus |
| US5040379A (en) * | 1988-06-21 | 1991-08-20 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Temperature controller of liquid cooling system |
| JPH0622880A (ja) * | 1992-01-22 | 1994-02-01 | Kansei Corp | 泡発生装置 |
| US6446465B1 (en) * | 1997-12-11 | 2002-09-10 | Bhp Petroleum Pty, Ltd. | Liquefaction process and apparatus |
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| WO2005052467A1 (ja) * | 2003-11-28 | 2005-06-09 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | 冷凍装置及び空気調和装置 |
| US7849916B2 (en) * | 2006-02-02 | 2010-12-14 | Noah Precision, Llc | Temperature control apparatus and method |
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| DE202008001117U1 (de) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-04-30 | Liebherr-Hausgeräte Ochsenhausen GmbH | Kühl- und/oder Gefriergerät |
| SG171566A1 (en) * | 2009-12-01 | 2011-06-29 | Hitachi Plant Technologies Ltd | Cooling method and cooling system of electronic device |
-
2008
- 2008-05-28 JP JP2008139955A patent/JP5306708B2/ja active Active
-
2009
- 2009-05-18 CN CN200980100278A patent/CN101796356A/zh active Pending
- 2009-05-18 SG SG2013033584A patent/SG190621A1/en unknown
- 2009-05-18 US US12/733,546 patent/US20110056662A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-05-18 WO PCT/JP2009/059137 patent/WO2009145078A1/ja not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0622880U (ja) * | 1992-08-31 | 1994-03-25 | 日本酸素株式会社 | 冷媒冷却装置 |
| JPH1137623A (ja) * | 1997-07-17 | 1999-02-12 | Nippon Sanso Kk | 冷媒冷却装置 |
| JP2007127334A (ja) * | 2005-11-04 | 2007-05-24 | Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp | 熱媒加熱冷却装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20110056662A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
| JP2009287822A (ja) | 2009-12-10 |
| SG190621A1 (en) | 2013-06-28 |
| JP5306708B2 (ja) | 2013-10-02 |
| CN101796356A (zh) | 2010-08-04 |
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