WO2009002213A1 - Ectoparasite trap - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to means and methods for attracting, eliminating or suppressing populations of arthropods (ticks) which are transmitters of tick-borne encephalities, tick-born borreliosis and a number of other disease. The invention makes it possible to design a device using the presence of a sense organ in sanguinivorous arthropods, which is able to record surface-active waves generated by vibration and propagated when homoiothermal animals move on the ground. The inventive device is environmentally safe, ecologically clean and does not destroy biosphere as it happens with the use of existing chemical control agents for fighting against arthropod parasites.

Description

 Ectoparasite Trap

Technical field

The device relates to medicine, the agro-industrial complex, agriculture, animal husbandry, areas of economy where there is a need to combat blood-sucking arthropods (for example, ticks), to the area of disinfestation.

It can be used in forestry and parks when conducting research in the field of entomology, biogeocenology, parasitology and epidemiology, with the aim of determining indicators of the epidemiological infection of the outbreak, reducing the number of arthropods or their destruction - to control the infection.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION "Human parasites are those arthropods that attack a human being and feed on the body" - (V.N. Beklemishev and a number of other authors, Medical Entomology, 1949). Of a considerable number of species of ectoparasites and endoparasites, we are interested in arthropods - parasites, most of which feed on blood. In entomology, they are called bloodsuckers, primarily a group of ticks, which scientists (Beklemishev et al., And later studies) define as

"lurking" parasites. However, own observations (1966), observations of Filippova H.A. (1966), Leonovich CA. (Parasitology, XX, 6, 1986) showed that arthropods - argazides, ixodid ticks and other species can quickly move along the soil surface. These results are the basis of the invention.

The type of arthropod (ARTHROPODA) is very rich in species that are very diverse due to their lifestyle and the ecological environment in which they live. Received many facts E.N. Pavlovsky and his associates allowed "already in 1932 to come to the conclusion that out of the great variety of nature parasites ... they acquired arthropods - insects and mites, which play a role not only as parasites themselves, but also as carriers of protozoal and bacterial SUBSTITUTE SHEET ( RULE 26) diseases of humans and domestic animals "(EI Korenberg, 1983/2).

The exact number of diseases caused by a variety of different natural focal viruses, rickettsia, a variety of bacteria, protozoa, fungi, etc. impossible to indicate, it is increasing from year to year. Only in the International Catalog of Arboviruses (i.e., viruses transmitted by arthropods) about 400 viruses are registered, about 70 of them have proven medical significance, and for about the same amount it is possible.

Tick-borne encephalitis was a rarity among urban residents, but has become a serious problem for many cities in the forest zone over the past twenty years. The percentage of sick city dwellers has increased, and due to ongoing global warming, its growth will increase. Warming is accompanied by an increase in the number of outbreak populations. Arthropods are carriers of a number of viral diseases that are dangerous to human and animal life.

Known methods and devices for combating ectoparasites. 1. Effective - chemical pest control methods when sprayed liquid is applied to a surface treated with chemicals. All over the world, services are engaged in the prevention and destruction of bloodsuck ticks in places of their mass appearance. Only chemical agents and methods are used to combat them, the analysis of which shows: after their use, taking into account the genetic rearrangements of the surviving arthropods - as practice shows - there remains a need to search and create the next, new generations of chemical agents to achieve the result. Thus, the genetic resistance of ticks is growing from generation to generation, and ticks win the fight. Their disadvantages: polluting the environment, do not solve the problem of reducing the number of parasites. 2. Passive - the disadvantages of these analogues of the subclass of non-chemical sterilization of invertebrates is their inefficiency. It is known "Device for capturing insects" (patent RU 2053669 Cl, class A01M1 / 14, SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) publ. 02/10/1996). The device is designed for flies, mosquitoes and other insects, the means of attraction has a container with an adhesive. The possibility of use is limited by conditions in temperature and humidity, and is intended more for industrial premises. It is not intended for the capture of arthropods in nature.

A device is known "Trap for insects" (patent RU 2127050 Cl, class A01M1 / 14, publ. 03/10/1999), which operates passively. Use in ornamental horticulture, greenhouses and greenhouses, for catching flying insects with the help of glue applied to the surface of the trap, species of whiteflies or thrips, attracting the color with the dominant wavelength. The device has limited functions and is not able to actively attract ticks.

The fight against arthropods must be present constantly and be qualified, knowledge of their numbers and its regulation is necessary. Knowledge of the degree of infection, virus infection in the region, the biocenosis or the site of the ixodid tick mite is only possible indirectly so far: by the number of people who suffered from arthropod bites who sought medical help.

A method for determining the number of ectoparasite ticks in a biogeocenosis is proposed (patent SU 1750552 Al, class AOShl / 00, publ. 07.30.1992). This method of tick counting is inhumane and the only one: along the route, the distance of which is known, the speed of passage and by the number of sucked-on ticks that cling to the hair of the dog used as a counter. According to the developed formulas, the number of hungry active ectoparasites at the time of registration is determined. The disadvantage of this method is the need to comply with complex safety measures, its low reliability: the results depend on the behavior of the dog, the presence of wind. A significant proportion of empiricism distorts the results.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The problem to be solved when implementing this device is to create a device for actively attracting arthropods with a view to their species determination, possible calculation of the population size,

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) destruction.

Technical Results:

1. The expansion of the natural and climatic conditions for using the trap, regardless of the change in wind direction. 2. Reduction of harm to the environment (does not pollute the environment).

3. Reducing harm to people and animals.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the trap for arthropods, contains a means of attraction and storage. The trap is characterized in that the attracting means is configured to excite surface-acoustic waves in the surface soil layer.

In a specific embodiment, the attracting means is made in the form of a pneumatic vibrator.

In a specific embodiment, the vibrator is configured to excite oscillations in the frequency spectrum range from 2 to 20,000 hertz. These signs are significant and interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired result.

The means of attraction is a vibration device that uses knowledge of the arthropod biology and operates in a wide range of acoustic waves that propagate in all directions on the soil surface or in the rock. This provides a vibrator, which has the ability to excite oscillations as a means of attracting in the frequency spectrum range from 2 to 20 000 hertz.

A known method of controlling the number of insects and a device for its implementation (patent US 6581324 Bl, class AOl 1/02, publ. 01.01.2006).

The device contains a proposal for the use of a vibrator in a micromachine, as a means of transmitting vibration to the walls of the nests of ants. The action of a micromachine with a vibration period of 1-2 seconds., An interval of 5-7 seconds., A fungus or mold is used as an attractant, with heating. The tool is intended to attract the attention of fire ants (termites), taking into account their ability to attack the interventionist and destroy the laying of a wall of a different kind. The disadvantage of the analogue is its action locally and is intended

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) for use in confined spaces.

The presence of a sensory organ detecting surface acoustic waves (SAWs), which are spread by large and small warm-blooded animals when moving along the soil surface, was established and experimentally tested in ticks. Information about this, supplemented by vibration, obtained by this body, stimulates the food reflex, attracts parasites to the source of wave propagation.

The novelty of this discovery in ticks is confirmed by one of the leading Russian specialists in the study of ticks, who led the group of researchers under the UN program, D.A.

Krivolutsky, full member of the New York Academy of Sciences, corresponding member of the Entomological Society of Finland, etc.

Description of the figures of the drawings

The invention is illustrated in FIG. 1, 2, which schematically shows a schematic diagram of the device and installation of traps for trapping arthropods.

The following is a description of the constituent elements. The trap consists of the following elements:

1. The attractor is made in the form of a vibrator, which has a wide range of frequencies, is switched on at a preset frequency of the remote control scale by type: on - pause, etc. Set in the center, when collecting all the elements.

2. Microdevice - provides the ability to set parameters on a flash card automatically. 3. Battery (2), providing autonomy of power to all devices.

4. A storage trap (1) having a funnel in the upper part, along which the arthropods that come running down slide.

5. Each drive is equipped with a horizontal heater (3) with a temperature range of 37 - 100 degrees. (Fig. 1, 2). The principle of carrying out the invention

The workflow is carried out in this sequence. A vibrating device and a battery are installed in the center, from which the SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) when turned on, current flows to the vibrator, and to heaters that can be heated to 37 degrees, located horizontally in the lower part of the storage trap. Around flush with the soil surface there are 4 storage traps with funnels (see Fig. 1). The number of traps can be increased up to 8, 12 - if necessary. If necessary, destroy the contents of the temperature in the trap can be raised to 70 - 100 degrees. The funnel is made of smooth (slippery) material, on which the arthropod that appears is not held and rolls down. The included vibrating device evenly spreads waves diverging over the soil surface in concentric circles in all directions. Experience has shown that ectoparasites run strictly to the epicenter, where the vibration comes from. The arrived surface-acoustic wave, simulating a food stimulus, performs the function of a "food is coming" signal. The parasite is attracted by the wave it received, it is the choice of direction of movement.

The tightness of the performance of the camera can allow, if necessary, research, to keep parasites alive. The use of the trap is possible in different biocenoses, their installation is possible both flush with the surface of the soil, and on the surface. An additional option with a heater temperature close to that of humans and animals enhances its appeal to arthropods. But a variant is also possible without heating in geothermal areas where the soil is rocky. Traps provide the attraction and destruction of ticks in predetermined quantities in a wide range of climatic conditions, while simultaneously performing the ability to determine the population size.

The use of a trap does not pollute the processed biocenosis, does not cause a change in the numerical ratio of the balance of species of flora and fauna, their death or destruction, as occurs with chemical methods.

It does not create conditions for allergic reactions, diseases of people and animals, as is the case after using chemicals.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) The purpose of the proposed trap is the need to reduce the bloodsuckers population to a possible lower level, which will further reduce the existing costs of medical care for sick people and animals, and reduce the use of chemistry.

SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

Claims

FORMULA 1. Trap for arthropods, including a means of attraction and storage, characterized in that the means of attraction is made with the possibility of excitation in the surface layer of the soil surface acoustic waves. 2. The trap under item I ₅ characterized in that the means of attraction is made in the form of a pneumatic vibrator. 3. The trap according to claim 1, characterized in that the vibrator is configured to excite oscillations in the frequency spectrum range from 2 to 20,000 hertz. SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)