WO2009099211A1 - 半導体発光装置、バックライト、カラー画像表示装置、及びそれらに用いる蛍光体 - Google Patents
半導体発光装置、バックライト、カラー画像表示装置、及びそれらに用いる蛍光体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009099211A1 WO2009099211A1 PCT/JP2009/052099 JP2009052099W WO2009099211A1 WO 2009099211 A1 WO2009099211 A1 WO 2009099211A1 JP 2009052099 W JP2009052099 W JP 2009052099W WO 2009099211 A1 WO2009099211 A1 WO 2009099211A1
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- phosphor
- light
- light emitting
- emitting device
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H10H20/80—Constructional details
- H10H20/85—Packages
- H10H20/851—Wavelength conversion means
- H10H20/8511—Wavelength conversion means characterised by their material, e.g. binder
- H10H20/8512—Wavelength conversion materials
- H10H20/8513—Wavelength conversion materials having two or more wavelength conversion materials
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
- C09K11/7728—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing europium
- C09K11/7737—Phosphates
- C09K11/7738—Phosphates with alkaline earth metals
- C09K11/7739—Phosphates with alkaline earth metals with halogens
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/0883—Arsenides; Nitrides; Phosphides
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
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- C09K11/61—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or unspecified halogen elements
- C09K11/615—Halogenides
- C09K11/616—Halogenides with alkali or alkaline earth metals
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/67—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing refractory metals
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- C09K11/675—Halogenides with alkali or alkaline earth metals
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
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- C09K11/7734—Aluminates
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
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- C09K11/77342—Silicates
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
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- C09K11/7728—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing europium
- C09K11/77347—Silicon Nitrides or Silicon Oxynitrides
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- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/08—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials
- C09K11/77—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals
- C09K11/7728—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing inorganic luminescent materials containing rare earth metals containing europium
- C09K11/77348—Silicon Aluminium Nitrides or Silicon Aluminium Oxynitrides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
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- F21K2/00—Non-electric light sources using luminescence; Light sources using electrochemiluminescence
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
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- H10H20/8511—Wavelength conversion means characterised by their material, e.g. binder
- H10H20/8512—Wavelength conversion materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10H—INORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES HAVING POTENTIAL BARRIERS
- H10H20/00—Individual inorganic light-emitting semiconductor devices having potential barriers, e.g. light-emitting diodes [LED]
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- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V3/00—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
- F21V3/04—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings
- F21V3/06—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings characterised by the material
- F21V3/062—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings characterised by the material the material being plastics
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133624—Illuminating devices characterised by their spectral emissions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
- G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
- G02F1/1368—Active matrix addressed cells in which the switching element is a three-electrode device
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- H10W72/5522—
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- H10W72/5524—
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- H10W74/00—
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- H10W90/756—
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor light emitting device suitably used for a color image display device that realizes an image with high color purity and a backlight using the same.
- the present invention also relates to a color image display device for realizing an image with high color purity corresponding to an improved light emission wavelength of a backlight, a novel phosphor suitable for the semiconductor light emitting device, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- a semiconductor light emitting device suitably used for a color image display device that realizes an image with high color purity and a backlight using the same.
- the present invention also relates to a color image display device for realizing an image with high color purity corresponding to an improved light emission wavelength of a backlight, a novel phosphor suitable for the semiconductor light emitting device, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- liquid crystal display elements are used not only for conventional personal computer monitors but also for ordinary color television applications.
- the color reproduction range of the color liquid crystal display element is determined by the color of light emitted from the red, green, and blue pixels, and the chromaticity point of each pixel in the CIE XYZ color system is represented by (x R , y R ), ( When x G , y G ) and (x B , y B ) are represented by the area of a triangle surrounded by these three points on the xy chromaticity diagram. That is, the larger the area of the triangle, the more vivid color image can be reproduced.
- the area of this triangle is usually the three primary colors defined by the US National Television System Committee (NTSC): red (0.67, 0.33), green (0.21, 0.71), and blue. With reference to a triangle formed by three points (0.14, 0.08), this is expressed as a ratio to the area of this triangle (unit%, hereinafter abbreviated as “NTSC ratio”). This value is about 40 to 50% for general notebook personal computers, 50 to 60% for desktop personal computer monitors, and about 70% for current liquid crystal TVs.
- a color image display device using such a color liquid crystal display element mainly comprises an optical shutter using liquid crystal, a color filter having red, green and blue pixels, and a backlight for transmitted illumination.
- the color of light emitted from the red, green, and blue pixels is determined by the emission wavelength of the backlight and the spectral curve of the color filter.
- the wavelength of the part necessary for the color filter is extracted from the light emission distribution from the backlight, resulting in red, green and blue pixels.
- the pigment dispersion method is most widely used as a method for producing a color filter in terms of productivity and performance.
- the NTSC ratio and brightness are in a trade-off relationship, and are used properly according to the application. That is, if the color filter is adjusted to increase the NTSC ratio in order to reproduce a vivid color image, the screen becomes dark. On the other hand, if the brightness is too important, the NTSC ratio is lowered, so that a vivid image cannot be reproduced.
- a cold cathode tube having an emission wavelength in the red, green, and blue wavelength regions is generally used as a light source, and light emitted from the cold cathode tube is converted into a white surface light source by a light guide plate.
- LEDs light emitting diodes
- an LED that emits blue light is used, and a part of the light emitted from the LED is converted into yellow light by a yellow phosphor, and a mixed color of blue light and yellow light is obtained.
- the white light obtained by the above is used as a surface light source by the light guide plate.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a method of combining a red LED, a green LED, and a blue LED has been proposed in recent years (Non-Patent Document 1), and a display with extremely high color reproducibility has been prototyped by this method.
- this color image display device combines independent LED chips for red, green and blue, (1) It takes time to implement, (2) Since the LED chips of red, green, and blue are installed at a finite distance, it is necessary to increase the distance of the light guide plate in order to sufficiently mix the light emission from each LED chip. (3) Since the white chromaticity is adjusted by combining each chip of the LED with an integral multiple of the number, white balance cannot be adjusted continuously. There was a problem.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a color image display device having a NTSC ratio of 60% or more configured by combining a blue or deep blue LED and a phosphor.
- this color image display device has achieved wide color reproducibility compared with the above-mentioned yellow phosphor, it still emits light with unnecessary wavelengths in terms of red and green color purity. Wide color reproducibility was desired.
- Patent Documents 2 and 3 disclose semiconductor light-emitting devices that combine specific phosphors that can be used for backlight light sources such as liquid crystal displays. However, when these semiconductor light emitting devices are actually combined with a color filter to form a color image display device such as a liquid crystal display, there are cases where the light emission of the backlight is insufficient or the chromaticity shift occurs. there were.
- WO2004 / 25359 Patent Document 4 describes that a combination of a backlight light source and a color filter satisfying a specific condition becomes an image display device having a high NTSC ratio.
- Patent Document 8 International Publication Pamphlet JP 2002-171000 A US Patent 6,809,781 WO2004 / 025359 International Publication Pamphlet US Patent Publication No. 2006/0071589 US Patent Publication No. 2006/0169998 US Patent Publication No. 2007/0205712 JP 2005-82788 A
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and particularly when used as a backlight for a color image display device, the entire image can be widened by adjusting with a color filter without impairing the brightness of the image.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor light emitting device that achieves color reproducibility and does not impair mounting productivity by emitting red, green, and blue light on a single chip and that facilitates white balance adjustment.
- a further object of the present invention is to provide a backlight and a color image display device using the semiconductor light emitting device.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a narrow-band red light-emitting phosphor that can be preferably used in these semiconductor light-emitting devices and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the present inventors have found that the cause of insufficient light emission from the backlight of the color image display device or chromaticity deviation is due to the characteristics of the phosphor. It was found that the problem can be solved by improving the phosphor.
- the present inventors have found that the NTSC ratio and the light utilization efficiency are closely related to the performance of the entire color image display device. Conventionally, as described above, the NTSC ratio and the light use efficiency are in a trade-off relationship. When the performance of the color image display device is to be improved, the NTSC ratio is improved at the expense of the light use efficiency. Alternatively, the main focus has been on either improving the light utilization efficiency at the expense of the NTSC ratio.
- the present inventors can efficiently emit (excit) light by a light emitting element having a specific light emission wavelength, and can combine a plurality of phosphors having an improved light emission wavelength to set a light emission efficiency higher than that of a conventional light emitting device.
- a semiconductor light emitting device having high durability can be realized by adopting a specific device configuration.
- a specific phosphor is used, a semiconductor light emitting device with higher luminance can be realized.
- those semiconductor light emitting devices as a backlight and combining a color filter optimal for the light emission wavelength of the backlight with the backlight, an image display with high color purity can be realized, that is, at a high NTSC ratio.
- the present inventors have found that a color image display device having higher light utilization efficiency than the conventional one can be realized.
- a semiconductor light-emitting device comprising a solid-state light emitting element that emits light in a blue or deep blue region or ultraviolet region and a phosphor, wherein the phosphor has one or more emission peaks in a wavelength region of 515 to 550 nm.
- a green phosphor and an emission peak having a half-width of 10 nm or less in the wavelength region of 610 to 650 nm, and having substantially no excitation spectrum in the emission wavelength region of the green phosphor.
- a red phosphor containing Mn 4+ as an active element, The green phosphor and the red phosphor have a rate of change in emission peak intensity at 100 ° C.
- a semiconductor light emitting device 2.
- the semiconductor light emitting device wherein the red phosphor has a main emission peak having a half width of 10 nm or less in a wavelength region of 610 to 650 nm. 5).
- the semiconductor light-emitting device wherein the red phosphor is a fluorine complex phosphor, and the solid-state light-emitting element is formed on a conductive substrate. 6).
- the semiconductor light emitting device wherein the red phosphor has a solubility in 100 g of water at 20 ° C. of 0.005 g or more and 7 g or less. 8).
- the red phosphor is a fluorine complex phosphor, and is a semiconductor light emitting device including a layer containing the red phosphor, and has at least one of the following configurations (a) to (c): 2.
- the red phosphor-containing layer is covered with a material layer not containing the red phosphor.
- 11. 11 The semiconductor according to any one of 1 to 10 above, wherein the red phosphor contains a crystal phase having a chemical composition represented by any one of the following general formulas [1] to [8] Light emitting device.
- M I represents one or more monovalent groups selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and NH 4
- M II represents alkaline earth
- M III represents one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of groups 3 and 13 of the periodic table
- M IV represents 1 selected from the group consisting of groups 4 and 14 of the periodic table
- a metal element of a seed or more is represented
- R represents an activation element containing at least Mn
- x is a numerical value of 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.
- the red phosphor contains a crystal phase having a chemical composition represented by the following formula [1 ′],
- the ratio of Mn to the total number of moles of M IV ′ and Mn is 0.1 mol% or more and 40 mol% or less, and the specific surface area is 1.3 m 2 / g or less.
- M I ′ contains one or more elements selected from the group consisting of K and Na
- M IV ′ contains at least Si-containing periodic groups 4 and 14
- R represents an activation element containing at least Mn.
- a backlight comprising the semiconductor light-emitting device according to any one of 1 to 12 as a light source.
- a color image display device configured by combining an optical shutter, a color filter having at least three color elements of red, green, and blue corresponding to the optical shutter, and the backlight according to claim 13.
- a color image display device, wherein the relationship between the NTSC ratio W, which is the color reproduction range of the color image display element, and the light utilization efficiency Y is expressed by the following equation. Y ⁇ ⁇ 0.4W + 64 (W ⁇ 85)
- M I ′ contains one or more elements selected from the group consisting of K and Na
- M IV contains groups 4 and 14 in the periodic table containing at least Si.
- R represents an activator element containing at least Mn.
- the above 17 characterized by comprising a step of obtaining a compound represented by the formula [1 ′] by reacting a solution containing at least Si and F with a solution containing at least K, Mn and F.
- the method for producing a phosphor according to any one of items 1 to 19. 21.
- a method for producing a phosphor containing a crystal phase having a chemical composition represented by the following formula [1 ′] Production of a phosphor comprising a step of precipitating a phosphor by mixing two or more solutions containing one or more elements selected from the group consisting of K, Na, Si, Mn, and F Method.
- M I ' 2 M IV ' F 6 R ...
- M I ′ contains one or more elements selected from the group consisting of K and Na
- M IV contains groups 4 and 14 in the periodic table containing at least Si.
- R represents an activator element containing at least Mn. 22.
- a phosphor-containing composition comprising the phosphor according to any one of 17 to 19 above and a liquid medium.
- a light emitting device that can achieve wide color reproducibility by using a light emitting device that combines a light emitting element that emits light of a specific wavelength and a phosphor having a specific property.
- a light-emitting device that is excellent in terms and high in durability can be obtained.
- the light-emitting device as a light source and appropriately defining the relationship between the NTSC ratio and the light utilization efficiency, it is possible to reproduce deep red and green without impairing the brightness of the image, Wide color reproducibility can be achieved for the entire image.
- red, green, and blue light can be emitted on a single chip, a color image display device that can easily adjust the white balance without impairing mounting productivity can be provided.
- FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view of a vertical semiconductor light emitting device.
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of a horizontal semiconductor light emitting device. It is sectional drawing of the light emitting element by one Embodiment (vertical structure) of this invention. It is a typical perspective view which shows one Example of the light-emitting device of this invention.
- FIG. 4A is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the bullet-type light emitting device of the present invention
- FIG. 4B is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the surface-mounted light-emitting device of the present invention. It is sectional drawing. It is typical sectional drawing which shows one Example of the illuminating device of this invention.
- FIG. 4 is a transmittance spectrum of color filters for Examples I-2, 4, 6, 8 to 10 and Comparative Examples I-3 and 4.
- 3 is a chart showing powder X-ray diffraction patterns of the phosphors obtained in Example II-1-1, Example II-1-2 and Comparative Example II-1-1.
- 3 is a chart showing excitation / emission spectra of the phosphor obtained in Example II-1-1.
- 3 is a chart showing the particle size distribution curves of the phosphors obtained in Example II-1-1 (a), Example II-1-2 (b) and Example II-1-9 (c).
- 3 is a chart showing a particle size distribution curve of a phosphor obtained in Comparative Example II-1-1.
- 2 is an SEM photograph of the phosphor obtained in Example II-1-1 (a), Example II-1-2 (b), and Example II-1-9 (c).
- 3 is an SEM photograph of the phosphor obtained in Comparative Example II-1-1. It is a chart which shows the emission spectrum of the semiconductor light-emitting device produced in Example II-2-1.
- Example II-2-1 is a chart showing an emission spectrum of the semiconductor light emitting device manufactured in Comparative Example II-2-1. It is a chart which shows the emission spectrum of the semiconductor light-emitting device produced in Example II-2-2. It is a chart which shows the emission spectrum of the semiconductor light-emitting device produced in Example II-2-3.
- 7 is a chart showing an emission spectrum of the semiconductor light emitting device manufactured in Comparative Example II-2-2. 7 is a chart showing an emission spectrum of the semiconductor light emitting device manufactured in Comparative Example II-2-3. It is a figure which shows the one aspect
- the “color image display device” refers to a color image that is controlled in accordance with an input signal including an optical shutter, a color filter and a backlight, as well as their drive circuit and control circuit. Means the entire configuration to get.
- the “color image display element” means a configuration for emitting light from the backlight through the optical shutter and the color filter, excluding the configuration for controlling the driving of the optical shutter and the backlight in the “color image display device”. means.
- a numerical range expressed using “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
- each composition formula is delimited by a punctuation mark (,).
- a punctuation mark when a plurality of elements are listed by separating them with commas (,), one or two or more of the listed elements may be contained in any combination and composition.
- the composition formula “(Ca, Sr, Ba) Al 2 O 4 : Eu” has “CaAl 2 O 4 : Eu”, “SrAl 2 O 4 : Eu”, and “BaAl 2 O 4 : Eu”.
- the emission wavelength of the solid-state light emitting device is not particularly limited as long as it overlaps with the absorption wavelength of the phosphor, and a light emitter in a wide emission wavelength region can be used, but it is usually preferably 200 nm or more.
- a light emitter in a wide emission wavelength region can be used, but it is usually preferably 200 nm or more.
- blue light when blue light is used as excitation light, it is usually 420 nm or more, preferably 430 nm or more, more preferably 440 nm or more, further preferably 450 nm or more, and usually 490 nm or less, preferably 480 nm or less, more preferably 470 nm.
- near-ultraviolet light when using deep blue light (hereinafter sometimes referred to as near-ultraviolet light) or ultraviolet light as excitation light, it is usually 300 nm or more, preferably 330 nm or more, more preferably 360 nm or more, and usually 420 nm or less. It is desirable to use a light emitter having an emission peak wavelength of preferably 410 nm or less, more preferably 400 nm or less.
- the preferred red phosphor used in the present invention is usually excited with blue light. Therefore, when using near-ultraviolet light or ultraviolet light, the red phosphor is normally excited (indirectly excited) by blue light emitted from the blue phosphor excited by these lights. It is preferable to select excitation light having a wavelength that matches the excitation band of the body.
- the solid light-emitting element examples include an organic electroluminescence light-emitting element, an inorganic electroluminescence light-emitting element, and a semiconductor light-emitting element.
- a semiconductor light-emitting element is used, and for example, a substrate such as silicon carbide, sapphire, or gallium nitride is used.
- InGaN-based, GaAlN-based, InGaAlN-based, ZnSeS-based semiconductor light-emitting elements and the like grown by MOCVD or the like are suitable.
- the light source size may be increased or the number of light sources may be increased. Further, it may be an edge emitting type or a surface emitting type laser diode. Blue or deep blue LEDs are preferably used in that a light source with a large amount of light can be obtained because they have wavelengths that can excite phosphors efficiently.
- a GaN LED or LD (laser diode) using a GaN compound semiconductor is preferable.
- GaN-based LEDs and LDs have significantly higher light emission output and external quantum efficiency than SiC-based LEDs that emit light in this region, and emit very bright light at low power when combined with the phosphor. It is because it is obtained.
- GaN-based LEDs and LDs usually have a light emission intensity 100 times or more that of SiC-based.
- the GaN-based LED and LD those having an Al X Ga Y N light emitting layer, a GaN light emitting layer, or an In X Ga Y N light emitting layer are preferable.
- a GaN-based LED is particularly preferably one having an In X Ga Y N light emitting layer, and further having a multiple quantum well structure of an In X Ga Y N layer and a GaN layer. preferable.
- X + Y is usually a value in the range of 0.8 to 1.2.
- those in which the light emitting layer is doped with Zn or Si or those without a dopant are preferable for adjusting the light emission characteristics.
- a GaN-based LED has these light-emitting layer, p-layer, n-layer, electrode, and substrate as basic components, and the light-emitting layer is made of n-type and p-type Al X Ga Y N layers, GaN layers, or In X Those having a heterostructure sandwiched between Ga Y N layers and the like are preferable because of high light emission efficiency, and those having a heterostructure having a quantum well structure are more preferable because of high light emission efficiency. Note that only one first light emitter may be used, or two or more first light emitters may be used in any combination and ratio. As shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, LED chips that are the semiconductor light emitting elements include those having a vertical element structure and those having a horizontal element structure.
- the vertical element structure means that a desired light emitting element structure is epitaxially grown on a conductive substrate, one electrode is formed on the substrate, and one electrode is further formed on the epitaxial growth layer.
- a so-called vertical conduction type (vertical type) light emitting element in which a current flows in the epitaxial growth direction.
- an n-type layer (104) and a p-type layer (103) are stacked on a conductive substrate (105), and a p-type electrode (101) is formed on the p-type layer (103).
- a conductive substrate (105), and an n-type electrode (102) is formed.
- the horizontal element structure shown in FIG. 1B is a structure taken when an element is fabricated on an insulating substrate such as sapphire.
- An n-type layer (104) and a p-type layer (103) are stacked on an insulating substrate (106), and the p-type layer (103) is exposed by a p-type electrode (101) and dry etching.
- the n-type electrode (102) is formed on (104).
- the current flows in the n-type layer (104) in the horizontal direction, so that the element resistance increases and the electric field is on the n-type electrode (102) side.
- the current distribution tends to be non-uniform due to concentration.
- a semiconductor light emitting device (20) includes a substrate (21) and a compound semiconductor thin film crystal layer (hereinafter simply referred to as a thin film crystal layer) laminated on one of the substrates (21).
- the thin film crystal layer includes, for example, a buffer layer (22), a first conductivity type semiconductor layer including a first conductivity type clad layer (24), an active layer structure (25), and a second conductivity type clad layer (26).
- a conductive semiconductor layer and a contact layer (23) are laminated in this order from the substrate (21) side.
- a second conductivity type side electrode (27) for current injection is disposed on a part of the surface of the contact layer (23), and the contact layer (23) and the second conductivity type side electrode (27) are in contact with each other.
- the part which becomes this becomes the 2nd electric current injection area
- the 1st conductivity type side electrode (28) is arrange
- a semiconductor light-emitting device ( 20) is configured as a so-called vertical semiconductor light emitting device.
- the substrate (21) a conductive substrate or a part of an insulating substrate penetrated by a conductive material can be used.
- a conductive substrate a GaN substrate, a ZnO substrate, etc. are mentioned besides a SiC substrate.
- an SiC substrate and a GaN substrate are preferable because the electrical resistance can be reduced and the conductivity can be increased.
- the vertical element structure is preferable as the semiconductor light emitting element used in the light emitting device containing the Mn 4+ activated fluorine complex phosphor is not clear, but when the electrode surface after the durability test is observed with a microscope, it is compared with the horizontal element structure. It has been observed that LED chips having a vertical element structure have little electrode surface discoloration. When the semiconductor light emitting device is energized, a corrosive substance (containing F) is generated from the Mn 4+ activated fluorine complex phosphor, which damages the wire, and the damaged wire has a high resistance. It is considered a thing.
- a semiconductor light-emitting element having a vertical element structure is presumed to be preferable because it has one electrode on the upper side as compared with a horizontal element structure, so that damage to wires and electrodes is small and change in electrical conductivity is small. . Furthermore, it is considered that the corrosive substance generated from the Mn 4+ activated fluorine complex phosphor when energized contains an ion conductive substance. In the case of having a horizontal element structure, since the distance between two electrodes is short, there is a high possibility that a leakage current flows between the electrodes. However, in a semiconductor light emitting element having a vertical element structure, the distance between two electrodes is high. Is likely to be less likely. [2.
- the light-emitting device of the present invention comprises a phosphor that emits light when directly or indirectly excited by light emitted from the solid-state light-emitting element.
- the phosphor is characterized by using a green phosphor and a red phosphor having the following characteristics.
- the green phosphor and red phosphor used in the present invention emit light when the wavelength of excitation light is 400 nm or 455 nm and the temperature of each phosphor is 25 ° C.
- the rate of change of the emission peak intensity at 100 ° C. with respect to the peak intensity is 40% or less, preferably 30% or less, more preferably 25% or less, still more preferably 22% or less, particularly preferably 18% or less, particularly preferably. 15% or less.
- the light emitted from the solid state light emitting device is absorbed by the phosphor and the binder holding the phosphor.
- the binder generates heat and heats the phosphor.
- the phosphor itself generates heat by the light emitted from the solid state light emitting element being absorbed by the phosphor.
- the solid light emitting element when the solid light emitting element is energized and emits light, the light emitting element generates heat due to the electric resistance inside the solid light emitting element, and the temperature rises, whereby the phosphor is heated by heat transfer.
- the temperature of the phosphor reaches about 100 ° C. by these heating actions.
- the emission peak intensity of the phosphor depends on the temperature, and the emission peak intensity tends to decrease as the temperature of the phosphor increases. Therefore, in order to prevent the overall color tone from changing even when light is continuously emitted from the solid state light emitting device, even if the emission peak intensity of each color phosphor changes due to a temperature rise, the balance is greatly lost. It is important not to.
- the change rate of the emission peak intensity at 100 ° C. with respect to the emission peak intensity at 25 ° C. is within the above range.
- Composition etc. are prepared. As a result, even if the emission peak intensity of each color phosphor changes due to the temperature rise of each color phosphor, the change is relatively small between the color phosphors, so the color tone of light emitted from the light emitting device does not change as a whole. .
- the temperature dependence of the phosphor can be measured as follows, for example.
- the temperature dependence is measured by using, for example, a MCPD7000 multi-channel spectrum measurement device manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd. as an emission spectrum measurement device, and a stage equipped with a color luminance meter BM5A, a cooling mechanism using a Peltier element, and a heating mechanism using a heater And using the apparatus provided with a 150W xenon lamp as a light source, it carries out in the following procedure.
- the cell containing the phosphor sample on the stage, change the temperature to 25 ° C and 100 ° C, check the surface temperature of the phosphor, and then remove the spectrum from the light source with a diffraction grating, wavelength 400nm or 455nm
- the phosphor is excited with the light, and the luminance value and the emission spectrum are measured.
- the emission peak intensity is obtained from the measured emission spectrum.
- a measured value of the surface temperature on the excitation light irradiation side of the phosphor a value corrected by using a temperature measured value by a radiation thermometer and a thermocouple is used.
- Red phosphor The red phosphor combined with the solid state light emitting device in the semiconductor light emitting device of the present invention has the temperature dependence of the emission peak intensity as described above, and has a wavelength region of 610 to 650 nm.
- the color purity of red is increased and a high NTSC ratio can be realized.
- the red phosphor used in the present invention preferably has a main emission peak having a half width of 10 nm or less in the wavelength region of 610 to 650 nm, and the half width is preferably 8 nm or less, more preferably 7 nm or less. It is.
- the red phosphor used in the present invention is characterized in that it is not substantially excited in the emission wavelength region of the green phosphor described later. Thereby, since the light emission of the green phosphor is not used for the light emission of the red phosphor, the light emission of the green phosphor can be used efficiently, and the usage amount of the green phosphor can be reduced. In addition, since the amount of heat generation is also reduced, the rate of change of the emission peak intensity due to the temperature of the phosphor can be suppressed, and deterioration of a mold part molded with a curable material described later and peripheral members are also suppressed. be able to.
- the wavelength that is 1/10 of the maximum excitation intensity of the excitation spectrum of the red phosphor is usually 535 nm or less, preferably It means that it is 530 nm or less, more preferably 520 nm or less, and still more preferably 515 nm or less.
- the green phosphor it is preferable to use a red phosphor having a wavelength that is 1/10 of the maximum excitation intensity of the excitation spectrum at 520 nm or less.
- M I represents one or more monovalent groups selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and NH 4
- M II represents an alkaline earth
- M III represents a metal element
- M III represents one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of Group 3 and Group 13 (hereinafter, description of the Periodic Table may be omitted)
- M IV represents 4 Represents one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of Group 14 and Group 14
- R represents an activating element containing at least Mn.
- x is a numerical value in a range represented by 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.
- the M I it is particularly preferable to contain one or more elements selected from the group consisting of K and Na.
- M II preferably contains at least Ba, and particularly preferably Ba.
- Preferred examples of M III, Al, Ga, In, Y, and one or more metal elements are exemplified selected from the group consisting of Sc, are these, selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, and In One or more metal elements are preferable, and at least Al is more preferable, and Al is particularly preferable.
- Preferred examples of M IV, Si, Ge, Sn , Ti, and one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of Zr, and among them Si, Ge, Ti, Zr are preferred, of which at least It is preferable to contain Si, and Si is particularly preferable.
- x is preferably 0.004 or more, more preferably 0.010 or more, particularly preferably 0.020 or more, preferably 0.30 or less, more preferably 0.25 or less, and still more preferably 0.00. It is 08 or less, particularly preferably 0.06 or less.
- Preferable specific examples of the compounds represented by the above formulas [1] to [8] include K 2 [AlF 5 ]: Mn 4+ , K 3 [AlF 6 ]: Mn 4+ , K 3 [GaF 6 ]: Mn 4+ Zn 2 [AlF 7 ]: Mn 4+ , K [In 2 F 7 ]: Mn 4+ , K 2 [SiF 6 ]: Mn 4+ , Na 2 [SiF 6 ]: Mn 4+ , K 2 [TiF 6 ]: Mn 4+ , K 3 [ZrF 7 ]: Mn 4+ , Ba [TiF 6 ]: Mn 4+ , K 2 [SnF 6 ]: Mn 4+ , Na 2 [TiF 6 ]: Mn 4+ , Na 2 [ZrF 5 ]: Mn 4+ , KRb [TiF 6 ]: Mn 4+ , K 2 [Si 0.5 Ge 0.5
- M I ′ contains one or more elements selected from the group consisting of K and Na
- M IV ′ is a group consisting of Group 4 and Group 14 containing at least Si. It represents one or more metal elements selected from R, and R represents an activating element containing at least Mn.
- M I ′ contains one or more elements selected from the group consisting of K and Na
- M IV ′ is a group consisting of Group 4 and Group 14 containing at least Si. It represents one or more metal elements selected from R, and R represents an activating element containing at least Mn.
- M I ′ contains one or more elements selected from the group consisting of K and Na. Any one of these elements may be contained alone, or two of them may be contained in any ratio.
- an alkali metal element such as Li, Rb, and Cs or a part of (NH 4 ) may be contained as long as the performance is not affected.
- the content of Li, Rb, Cs, or (NH 4 ) is usually 10 mol% or less with respect to the total M I ′ amount.
- M I ′ preferably contains at least K, and usually K is 90 mol% or more, preferably 97 mol% or more, more preferably 98 mol% or more with respect to the total M I ′ amount. More preferably, it occupies 99 mol% or more, and it is particularly preferable to use only K.
- M IV ′ contains at least Si. Usually, Si is 90 mol% or more, preferably 97 mol% or more, more preferably 98 mol% or more, and even more preferably 99 mol% or more with respect to the total amount of M IV ′, and only Si is used. Is particularly preferred.
- R is an activation element containing at least Mn, and R may be included in addition to Mn, and the activation element may be selected from the group consisting of Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, and Ag. 1 type, or 2 or more types.
- the ratio of Mn to the total number of moles of M IV ′ and Mn is 0.1 mol% or more and 40 mol% or less. It is characterized by being. If the Mn concentration is too small, the absorption efficiency of the excitation light by the phosphor decreases, so the luminance tends to decrease. If the Mn concentration is too large, the absorption efficiency increases, but the internal quantum efficiency and luminance decrease due to concentration quenching. Tend to.
- More preferable Mn concentration is 0.4 mol or more, more preferably 1 mol% or more, particularly preferably 2 mol% or more, 30 mol% or less, more preferably 25 mol% or less, and still more preferably 8 mol%. Hereinafter, it is particularly preferably 6 mol% or less.
- the phosphor of the present invention is preferably manufactured by the method described in the phosphor manufacturing method described later.
- the phosphor raw material charge composition is obtained for the following reason. There is a slight deviation from the composition of the phosphor.
- the phosphor of the present invention is characterized by having the above-mentioned specific composition as the composition of the obtained phosphor, not the raw material composition at the time of phosphor production.
- the ionic radius of Mn 4+ (0.53 ⁇ ) is larger than the ionic radius (0.4 ⁇ ) of Si 4+, Mn 4+ is not totally dissolved in K 2 SiF 6, since the partial solid solution,
- the substantially activated Mn 4+ concentration is limited and reduced as compared with the charged composition.
- the concentration of Mn 4+ contained in the phosphor is lowered by slowly dropping the poor solvent in the poor solvent precipitation method described later, according to the production method of the present invention, the particles Since the growth is promoted, sufficient absorption efficiency and brightness can be provided.
- the chemical composition analysis of the Mn concentration contained in the phosphor in the present invention can be measured by, for example, SEM-EDX.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the phosphor is irradiated with an electron beam (for example, an acceleration voltage of 20 kV), and characteristic X-rays emitted from each element contained in the phosphor are detected to detect the element. Analyze.
- SEM S-3400N
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray analyzer
- EX-250x-act manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.
- the phosphor is one or two selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, B, In, Nb, Mo, Zn, Ta, W, Re, and Mg.
- the above elements may be contained in a range that does not adversely affect the performance of the phosphor.
- the phosphor of the present invention preferably has the following characteristics when the emission spectrum is measured by excitation with light having a peak wavelength of 455 nm.
- the peak wavelength ⁇ p (nm) in the above-mentioned emission spectrum is usually larger than 600 nm, preferably 605 nm or more, more preferably 610 nm or more, and usually 660 nm or less, especially 650 nm or less. If this emission peak wavelength ⁇ p is too short, it tends to be yellowish, whereas if it is too long, it tends to be dark reddish.
- the phosphor of the present invention has a full width at half maximum (Full width at half maximum, hereinafter abbreviated as “FWHM” as appropriate) in the above-described emission spectrum, which is usually larger than 1 nm, particularly 2 nm or more, and more preferably 3 nm. In addition, it is usually less than 50 nm, particularly 30 nm or less, more preferably 10 nm or less, and even more preferably 8 nm or less. Among these, a range of 7 nm or less is preferable. If this half-value width (FWHM) is too narrow, the emission peak intensity may decrease, and if it is too wide, the color purity may decrease.
- FWHM full width at half maximum
- a xenon light source can be used to excite the phosphor with light having a peak wavelength of 455 nm.
- the emission spectrum of the phosphor of the present invention can be measured by, for example, a fluorescence measuring apparatus (manufactured by JASCO Corporation) equipped with a 150 W xenon lamp as an excitation light source and a multichannel CCD detector C7041 (manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics) as a spectrum measuring apparatus. ) Or the like.
- the emission peak wavelength and the half width of the emission peak can be calculated from the obtained emission spectrum.
- the phosphor of the present invention is more preferable as its internal quantum efficiency is higher.
- the value is usually 50% or more, preferably 75% or more, more preferably 85% or more, and particularly preferably 90% or more. If the internal quantum efficiency is low, the light emission efficiency tends to decrease, which is not preferable.
- the value is usually 20% or more, preferably 25% or more, more preferably 30% or more, and particularly preferably 35% or more. If the external quantum efficiency is low, the light emission efficiency tends to decrease, which is not preferable.
- the value is usually 25% or more, preferably 30% or more, more preferably 42% or more, and particularly preferably 50% or more. If the absorption efficiency is low, the light emission efficiency tends to decrease, which is not preferable.
- the said internal quantum efficiency, external quantum efficiency, and absorption efficiency can be measured by the method as described in the below-mentioned Example.
- the weight-average median diameter D 50 is usually 3 ⁇ m or more and preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, and usually 50 ⁇ m or less, and preferably among them 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the weight-average median diameter D 50 is too small, and if the luminance is lowered, there is a case where phosphor particles tend to aggregate.
- the weight-average median diameter D 50 is too large, there is a tendency for blockage, such as uneven coating or a dispenser.
- the weight median diameter D 50 of the phosphor in the present invention for example, can be measured using a device such as a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring apparatus.
- the specific surface area of the phosphor of the present invention is usually 1.3 m 2 / g or less, preferably 1.1 m 2 / g or less, particularly preferably at 1.0 m 2 / g or less, typically 0.05 m 2 / g or more, In particular, it is preferably 0.1 m 2 / g or more. If the specific surface area of the phosphor is too small, the phosphor particles are large, which tends to cause coating unevenness and clogging of the dispenser, etc. It becomes inferior.
- the specific surface area of the phosphor in the present invention is measured by, for example, the BET one-point method, for example, using a fully automatic specific surface area measuring device (flow method) (AMS1000A) manufactured by Okura Riken.
- the phosphor of the present invention preferably has one peak value in the particle size distribution.
- a peak value of 2 or more indicates that there are a peak value due to single particles and a peak value due to aggregates thereof. Therefore, a peak value of 2 or more means that single particles are very small. Therefore, a phosphor having a single particle size distribution peak value has large single particles and very few aggregates. As a result, the luminance is improved, and the specific surface area is reduced due to the large growth of single particles, thereby improving the durability.
- the particle size distribution of the phosphor in the present invention can be measured by, for example, a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring device (LA-300) manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.
- the peak width of the particle size distribution is preferably narrow.
- the quadrature deviation (QD) of the particle size distribution of the phosphor particles is usually 0.18 or more, preferably 0.20 or more, and usually 0.60 or less, preferably 0.40 or less. More preferably, it is 0.35 or less, More preferably, it is 0.30 or less, Most preferably, it is 0.25.
- the quarter deviation of the particle size distribution becomes smaller as the particle diameters of the phosphor particles are uniform. That is, the fact that the quarter deviation of the particle size distribution is small means that the peak width of the particle size distribution is narrow and the sizes of the phosphor particles are uniform.
- the quadrant deviation of the particle size distribution can be calculated using a particle size distribution curve measured using a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring device.
- the particle shape of the phosphor of the present invention recognized from the observation of the SEM photograph of the present invention is preferably a granular shape that has grown uniformly in the triaxial direction. When the particle shape grows evenly in the triaxial direction, the specific surface area becomes small, and the contact area with the outside is small, so the durability is excellent.
- This SEM photograph can be taken with, for example, an SEM (S-3400N) manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.
- the amount of heat-generated fluorine per gram of phosphor at 200 ° C. (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “heat-generated F amount”) is 0.01 ⁇ g / min or more. Further, although it may be 1 ⁇ g / min or more, as described later, by adopting a specific light-emitting device configuration, the light-emitting device at a high temperature and high humidity (for example, a temperature of 85 ° C. and a humidity of 85%). It becomes possible to suppress deterioration over time when the battery is stored or lit.
- the amount of heat generated F per gram of the phosphor is preferably 2 ⁇ g / min or less from the environmental standard. Moreover, in order to reduce damage to the periphery of the phosphor, a phosphor of 1.5 ⁇ g / min or less can be preferably used.
- the amount of F generated by heating can be measured by the following method. A certain amount of phosphor is precisely weighed, placed in a platinum boat, and set in an alumina furnace core tube of a horizontal electric furnace. Next, while flowing argon gas at a flow rate of 400 ml / min, the temperature in the furnace is raised and the temperature of the phosphor reaches 200 ° C., and is held for 2 hours.
- the solubility in 100 g of water at room temperature of 20 ° C. is usually 0.005 g or more, preferably 0.010 g or more, more preferably 0.015 g or more.
- the solubility of the hexafluoro complex is shown in the following table. The values listed in the table are based on the product safety data sheet (MSDS) attached to the reagent manufactured by Morita Chemical.
- the method for producing the phosphor of the present invention is not particularly limited, but a method using a poor solvent such as the following method (1) and the following method (2) (specifically, the following (2 -1) and the method of (2-2)) are roughly classified into methods that do not use a poor solvent.
- (2) A method of obtaining a precipitate (phosphor) precipitated by mixing after mixing two or more solutions containing one or more elements selected from the group consisting of K, Na, Si, Mn, and F.
- the solution to be mixed contains all of the elements constituting the target phosphor. Specific combinations of the solutions to be mixed include the following ( 2-1) and (2-2).
- the method described in US Pat. No. 3,576,756 has the problem that the obtained phosphor particles are fine, have low luminance, and are not practical.
- the present inventors have added this poor solvent. It has been found that when the phosphor is deposited, the target phosphor can be obtained by slowing the addition rate of the poor solvent or by adding the poor solvent not at once, but by adding the poor solvent.
- K 2 SiF 6 and K 2 MnF 6 include water-soluble K salts (KF, KHF 2 , KOH, KCl, KBr, KI, potassium acetate, K 2 CO 3, etc.) The same), hydrofluoric acid, H 2 SiF 6 aqueous solution and K 2 MnF 6 combination, water-soluble K salt, hydrofluoric acid and silicates (SiO 2 , Si alkoxide etc. The same applies in the following cases) And a combination of K 2 MnF 6 , potassium silicate (K 2 SiO 3 ), hydrofluoric acid and K 2 MnF 6 .
- the concentration of hydrogen fluoride is usually 10% by weight or more, preferably 20% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, and usually 70% by weight or less, preferably 60% by weight or less, more preferably 50% by weight. Used as the following aqueous solution.
- the hydrofluoric acid concentration is 40 to 50% by weight, it is used so that the ratio of hydrofluoric acid (concentration 40 to 50% by weight) to 1 g of K 2 SiF 6 is about 30 to 60 ml. preferable.
- the reaction can be carried out at atmospheric pressure and room temperature (20-30 ° C.).
- a raw material compound is added and mixed in a predetermined ratio with hydrofluoric acid, and when all of the raw material compound is dissolved, a poor solvent is added.
- an organic solvent having a solubility parameter of 10 or more and less than 23.4, preferably 10 to 15 is usually used.
- the solubility parameter is defined as follows.
- the SP value a substance having a close solubility parameter (hereinafter referred to as “SP value”) tends to be mixed. Therefore, the SP value also serves as a standard for determining the ease of mixing of the solute and the solvent.
- SP value a substance having a close solubility parameter
- the force acting between the solvent and solute is assumed to be only intermolecular force, so the solubility parameter is used as a measure of intermolecular force.
- an actual solution is not necessarily a regular solution, it is empirically known that the solubility increases as the difference between the SP values of the two components decreases.
- Such poor solvents include acetone (solubility parameter: 10.0), isopropanol (solubility parameter: 11.5), acetonitrile (solubility parameter: 11.9), dimethylformamide (solubility parameter: 12.0), acetic acid. (Solubility parameter: 12.6), ethanol (solubility parameter: 12.7), cresol (solubility parameter: 13.3), formic acid (solubility parameter: 13.5), ethylene glycol (solubility parameter: 14.2), Examples include phenol (solubility parameter: 14.5), methanol (solubility parameter: 14.5 to 14.8), and the like. Of these, acetone is preferable because it does not contain a hydroxyl group (—OH) and dissolves well in water. These poor solvents may be used individually by 1 type, and 2 or more types may be mixed and used for them.
- the amount of the poor solvent used varies depending on the type, but is usually 50% by volume or higher, preferably 60% by volume or higher, more preferably 70% by volume or higher, and usually 70% by volume with respect to the phosphor raw material-containing hydrofluoric acid. It is preferable to set it to 200 volume% or less, preferably 150 volume% or less, more preferably 120 volume% or less.
- the addition of the poor solvent may be divided addition or continuous addition, but the addition rate of the poor solvent to the phosphor raw material-containing hydrofluoric acid is usually 400 ml / hour or less, preferably 100 to 350 ml / hour, which is a relatively slow addition.
- the speed is preferable for obtaining a high-luminance phosphor with a small specific surface area.
- productivity is impaired.
- the phosphor deposited by the addition of a poor solvent is recovered by solid-liquid separation by filtration or the like, and washed with a solvent such as ethanol, water, or acetone. Thereafter, the water adhering to the phosphor is evaporated at a temperature of usually 100 ° C. or higher, preferably 120 ° C. or higher, more preferably 150 ° C. or higher, and usually 300 ° C. or lower, preferably 250 ° C. or lower, more preferably 200 ° C. or lower.
- the drying time is not particularly limited, but is, for example, about 1 to 2 hours.
- the solution containing at least Si and F (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “solution I”) is hydrofluoric acid containing a SiF 6 source.
- the SiF 6 source of the solution I may be a compound containing Si and F and has excellent solubility in the solution.
- H 2 SiF 6 , Na 2 SiF 6 , (NH 4 ) 2 SiF 6 , Rb 2 SiF 6 , Cs 2 SiF 6 or the like can be used. Of these, H 2 SiF 6 is preferred because of its high solubility in water and the absence of alkali metal elements as impurities.
- These SiF 6 sources may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the hydrogen fluoride concentration of hydrofluoric acid in Solution I is usually 10% by weight or more, preferably 20% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, and usually 70% by weight or less, preferably 60% by weight or less, More preferably, it is 50% by weight or less.
- the SiF 6 source concentration is usually 10% by weight or more, preferably 20% by weight or more, and usually 60% by weight or less, preferably 40% by weight or less. If the hydrogen fluoride concentration in the solution I is too low, Mn ions are easily hydrolyzed when a solution containing a Mn source described later is added to the solution I, and the activated Mn concentration is changed and synthesized.
- the SiF 6 source concentration is too low, the phosphor yield tends to decrease and the particle growth of the phosphor tends to be suppressed, and if too high, the phosphor particles tend to be too large.
- the solution containing at least K, Mn and F is hydrofluoric acid containing a K source and a Mn source.
- a K source of the solution II water-soluble potassium salts such as KF, KHF 2 , KOH, KCl, KBr, KI, potassium acetate, K 2 CO 3 can be used.
- KHF 2 is preferable because it can be dissolved without lowering, and because of its low heat of dissolution, it is highly safe.
- K 2 MnF 6, KMnO 4, K 2 MnCl 6 , and the like hydrofluoric acid is used as MnF 6 complex ion while maintaining the oxidation number (tetravalent) that can be activated because it does not contain Cl element that tends to distort and destabilize the crystal lattice.
- K 2 MnF 6 is preferred because it can be stably present therein.
- those containing K also serve as the K source.
- K sources and Mn sources may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the concentration of hydrogen fluoride of hydrofluoric acid in Solution II is usually 10% by weight or more, preferably 20% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, and usually 70% by weight or less, preferably 60% by weight or less, More preferably, it is 50% by weight or less.
- the concentration of K source and Mn source is generally 5% by weight or more, preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 15% by weight or more, and usually 45% by weight or less, preferably 40% by weight or less, more preferably Is preferably 35% by weight or less.
- the hydrogen fluoride concentration is too low, the raw material K 2 MnF 6 of the activation element contained in the solution II is unstable and easily hydrolyzed, and the Mn concentration changes drastically, so the Mn activation in the synthesized phosphor Since it becomes difficult to control the amount, the variation in luminous efficiency of the phosphor tends to increase, and when it is too high, the risk of work tends to increase.
- the K source and Mn source concentrations are too low, the yield of the phosphor tends to decrease, and the particle growth of the phosphor tends to be suppressed. If it is too high, the phosphor particles tend to be too large. .
- the mixing method of the solution I and the solution II is not particularly limited, and the solution II may be added and mixed while stirring the solution I, or the solution I may be added and mixed while stirring the solution II. good. Alternatively, the solution I and the solution II may be put into a container at a time and stirred and mixed.
- the SiF 6 source, the K source and the Mn source react with each other at a predetermined ratio to precipitate the target phosphor crystal. And then washed with a solvent such as ethanol, water or acetone. Thereafter, the water attached to the phosphor is evaporated at a temperature of usually 100 ° C. or higher, preferably 120 ° C. or higher, more preferably 150 ° C. or higher, and usually 300 ° C. or lower, preferably 250 ° C. or lower, more preferably 200 ° C. or lower.
- the drying time is not particularly limited, but is, for example, about 1 to 2 hours.
- the composition of the phosphor as a product is changed to the target composition in consideration of the difference between the above-described composition of the phosphor raw material and the composition of the obtained phosphor. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the mixing ratio of the solution I and the solution II.
- the solution containing at least Si, Mn and F is hydrofluoric acid containing a SiF 6 source and a Mn source.
- the SiF 6 source of the solution III may be a compound containing Si and F and has excellent solubility in the solution.
- H 2 SiF 6 , Na 2 SiF 6 , (NH 4 ) 2 SiF 6 Rb 2 SiF 6 , Cs 2 SiF 6 or the like can be used. Of these, H 2 SiF 6 is preferred because of its high solubility in water and the absence of alkali metal elements as impurities.
- These SiF 6 sources may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- K 2 MnF 6 , KMnO 4 , K 2 MnCl 6 or the like can be used as the Mn source of the solution III.
- K 2 MnF 6 since it does not contain a Cl element that tends to distort and destabilize the crystal lattice, it maintains the oxidation number (tetravalent) that can be activated in the aqueous HF solution as MnF 6 complex ions.
- K 2 MnF 6 is preferred because it can exist stably.
- those containing K also serve as the K source.
- One type of Mn source may be used alone, or two or more types may be used in combination.
- the hydrogen fluoride concentration of hydrofluoric acid in this solution III is usually 10% by weight or more, preferably 20% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, and usually 70% by weight or less, preferably 60% by weight or less. More preferably, it is 50% by weight or less.
- the SiF 6 source concentration is usually 10% by weight or more, preferably 20% by weight or more, and usually 60% by weight or less, preferably 40% by weight or less.
- the Mn source concentration is usually 0.1% by weight or more, preferably 0.3% by weight or more, more preferably 1% by weight or more, and usually 10% by weight or less, preferably 5% by weight or less, more preferably It is preferable that it is 2 weight% or less.
- the concentration of hydrogen fluoride in the solution III is too low, Mn ions are easily hydrolyzed, the activated Mn concentration changes, and the amount of Mn activation in the synthesized phosphor becomes difficult to control.
- the variation in the luminous efficiency of the phosphor tends to increase.
- the concentration of hydrogen fluoride is too high, the risk of work tends to increase.
- the SiF 6 source concentration is too low, the phosphor yield tends to decrease and the particle growth of the phosphor tends to be suppressed, and if too high, the phosphor particles tend to be too large.
- the Mn concentration is too low, the yield of the phosphor tends to decrease, and the particle growth of the phosphor tends to be suppressed.
- the concentration is too high, the phosphor particles tend to be too large.
- a solution containing at least K and F is hydrofluoric acid containing a K source.
- K source of the solution IV water-soluble potassium salts such as KF, KHF 2 , KOH, KCl, KBr, KI, potassium acetate, K 2 CO 3 can be used.
- KHF 2 is preferable because it can be dissolved without lowering the concentration of hydrogen fluoride in the solution, and has high safety because of its low heat of dissolution.
- K source may be used individually by 1 type, and may use 2 or more types together.
- the hydrogen fluoride concentration of hydrofluoric acid in Solution IV is usually 10% by weight or more, preferably 20% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, and usually 70% by weight or less, preferably 60% by weight or less, More preferably, it is 50% by weight or less.
- the K source concentration is usually 5% by weight or more, preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 15% by weight or more, and usually 45% by weight or less, preferably 40% by weight or less, more preferably 35% by weight or less. It is preferable that If the hydrogen fluoride concentration is too low, when added to the solution III, the activation element raw material K 2 MnF 6 contained in the solution III is unstable and easily hydrolyzed, and the Mn concentration changes drastically.
- the luminous efficiency of the phosphor tends to vary widely, and if it is too high, the risk of work tends to increase. Moreover, when the K source concentration is too low, the yield of the phosphor tends to decrease and the particle growth of the phosphor tends to be suppressed. When the concentration is too high, the phosphor particles tend to be too large.
- the mixing method of the solution III and the solution IV is not particularly limited, and the solution IV may be added and mixed while stirring the solution III, or the solution III may be added and mixed while stirring the solution IV. good. Alternatively, the solution III and the solution IV may be put into a container at a time and stirred and mixed.
- the SiF 6 source, the Mn source, and the K source react with each other at a predetermined ratio to precipitate crystals of the target phosphor. And then washed with a solvent such as ethanol, water or acetone. Thereafter, the water attached to the phosphor is evaporated at a temperature of usually 100 ° C. or higher, preferably 120 ° C. or higher, more preferably 150 ° C. or higher, and usually 300 ° C. or lower, preferably 250 ° C. or lower, more preferably 200 ° C. or lower.
- the drying time is not particularly limited, but is, for example, about 1 to 2 hours.
- the composition of the phosphor as a product is changed to the target composition in consideration of the difference between the preparation composition of the phosphor raw material and the composition of the obtained phosphor. Thus, it is necessary to adjust the mixing ratio of the solution III and the solution IV.
- the phosphor of the present invention can be used for any application using the phosphor.
- the phosphor of the present invention can be used alone, but two or more of the phosphors of the present invention are used together, or the phosphor of the present invention and other phosphors It is also possible to use as a phosphor mixture of any combination.
- the phosphor of the present invention can be suitably used for various light emitting devices by taking advantage of the characteristic that it can be excited by blue light. Since the phosphor of the present invention is usually a red light-emitting phosphor, for example, when an excitation light source that emits blue light is combined with the phosphor of the present invention, a purple to pink light-emitting device can be manufactured. . In addition, the phosphor of the present invention is combined with an excitation light source that emits blue light and a phosphor that emits green light, or an excitation light source that emits near-ultraviolet light, a phosphor that emits blue light, and a fluorescence that emits green light.
- the phosphor of the present invention emits red light by being excited with blue light from an excitation light source that emits blue light or a phosphor that emits blue light.
- “Light-emitting device of the present invention”) can be manufactured.
- the emission color of the light-emitting device is not limited to white, and by appropriately selecting the combination and content of phosphors, a light-emitting device that emits light in any color such as light bulb color (warm white) or pastel color is manufactured. can do.
- the light-emitting device thus obtained can be used as a light-emitting portion (particularly a liquid crystal backlight) or an illumination device of an image display device.
- Green phosphor used in the phosphor layer or phosphor film used in the color image display device of the present invention is preferably 515 to 550 nm, more preferably 515 to 535 nm. It is possible to use various phosphors having one or more emission peak wavelengths in the wavelength region. Examples of green phosphors for realizing such an image with high color purity include oxynitride phosphors, sialon phosphors, aluminate phosphors, and orthosilicate phosphors.
- oxynitride phosphors activated with europium and / or cerium oxynitride phosphors activated with europium and / or cerium
- sialon phosphors activated with europium Mn-containing aluminate-based phosphors activated with europium
- orthosilicates activated with europium Based phosphors are preferred.
- G6 Europium and / or cerium activated oxynitride phosphor
- M1 x Ba y M2 z L u O v N w G6
- M1 is at least one type of activation selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb.
- M2 represents at least one divalent metal element selected from the group consisting of Sr, Ca, Mg and Zn
- L represents a group consisting of metal elements belonging to Groups 4 and 14 of the periodic table It represents at least one metal element selected
- x, y, z, u, v, and w are numerical values in the following ranges, respectively. 0.00001 ⁇ x ⁇ 3 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 2.99999 2.6 ⁇ x + y + z ⁇ 3 0 ⁇ u ⁇ 11 6 ⁇ v ⁇ 25 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 17)
- M1 is an activating element.
- M1 includes at least one kind of transition metal element or rare earth element selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Yb in addition to Eu. It is done. As M1, any one of these elements may be contained alone, or two or more may be contained in any combination and ratio. Among these, in addition to Eu, Ce, Sm, Tm or Yb, which are rare earth elements, can be mentioned as preferable elements. Among them, the M1 is preferably one containing at least Eu or Ce from the viewpoint of light emission quantum efficiency. Among them, in particular, those containing at least Eu are more preferable in terms of emission peak wavelength, and it is particularly preferable to use only Eu.
- the activator element M1 is present as a divalent cation and / or a trivalent cation in the phosphor of the present invention. At this time, it is preferable that the activation element M1 has a higher abundance ratio of divalent cations.
- M1 is Eu
- the ratio of Eu 2+ to the total Eu amount is usually 20 mol% or more, preferably 50 mol% or more, more preferably 80 mol% or more, and particularly preferably 90 mol% or more. It is.
- the ratio of Eu 2+ in the total Eu contained in the phosphor of the present invention can be examined, for example, by measuring an X-ray absorption fine structure (X-ray Absorption Fine Structure). That is, when the L3 absorption edge of Eu atom is measured, Eu 2+ and Eu 3+ show separate absorption peaks, and the ratio can be quantified from the area.
- the ratio of Eu 2+ in the total Eu contained in the phosphor of the present invention can also be known by measuring electron spin resonance (ESR).
- x is 0.00001 ⁇ x ⁇ 3.
- x is preferably 0.03 or more, more preferably 0.06 or more, and particularly preferably 0.12 or more.
- x is preferably 0.9 or less, more preferably 0.7 or less, and particularly preferably 0.45 or less.
- the phosphor of the present invention maintains the specific phase crystal structure described below (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “BSON phase crystal structure”), and the position of Ba is Sr, Ca, Mg and / or Zn. Can be substituted. Therefore, in the general formula (G6), M2 represents at least one divalent metal element selected from Sr, Ca, Mg, and Zn. In this case, M2 is preferably Sr, Ca and / or Zn, more preferably Sr and / or Ca, and further preferably Sr. Further, Ba and M2 may be partially substituted with these ions.
- any one of these elements may be contained independently, and it may have two or more types together in arbitrary combinations and ratios.
- the proportion of Ca to the total amount of Ba and Ca is preferably 40 mol% or less. If the amount of Ca increases more than this, the emission wavelength may become longer and the emission peak intensity may be reduced.
- the ratio of Sr to the total amount of Ba and Sr is preferably 50 mol% or less. If the amount of Sr increases more than this, the emission wavelength may become longer and the emission peak intensity may decrease.
- the abundance ratio of Zn to the total amount of Ba and Zn is preferably 60 mol% or less. If the Zn content is increased more than this, the emission wavelength may become longer and the emission peak intensity may be lowered.
- z may be set according to the type of metal element M2 to be substituted and y. Specifically, in the general formula (G6), y is 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 2.9999. In the general formula (G6), 2.6 ⁇ x + y + z ⁇ 3.
- the phosphor of the present invention preferably contains Ba from the viewpoint of the stability of the crystal structure. Accordingly, in the above general formula (G6), y is preferably larger than 0, more preferably 0.9 or more, particularly preferably 1.2 or more, and from the relationship with the content ratio of the inactivating agent element. It is preferably smaller than 2.9999, more preferably 2.99 or less, further preferably 2.98 or less, and particularly preferably 2.95 or less.
- L represents a metal element selected from a metal element of Group 4 of the periodic table such as Ti, Zr, and Hf or a metal element of Group 14 of the periodic table such as Si and Ge.
- L may contain any 1 type among these metal elements independently, and may have 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and ratios.
- L is preferably Ti, Zr, Hf, Si or Ge, more preferably Si or Ge, and particularly preferably Si.
- L is a metal element that can be a trivalent cation such as B, Al, and Ga, as long as it does not adversely affect the performance of the phosphor in terms of the charge balance of the phosphor crystal. It may be mixed.
- the mixing amount is usually 10 atomic% or less, preferably 5 atomic% or less with respect to L.
- u is usually 11 or less, preferably 9 or less, more preferably 7 or less, and a value greater than 0, preferably 3 or more, more preferably 5 or more. .
- v is usually greater than 6, preferably greater than 7, more preferably greater than 8, further preferably greater than 9, particularly preferably greater than 11, and usually 25 or less, preferably less than 20, more preferably less than 15, and still more preferably less than 13.
- N is an essential component.
- w is larger than zero.
- w is usually 17 or less, preferably less than 10, more preferably less than 4, and still more preferably less than 2.4.
- u, v, and w are 5 ⁇ u ⁇ 7, 9 ⁇ v ⁇ 15, and 0 ⁇ w ⁇ 4, respectively. Thereby, the emission peak intensity can be increased.
- the ratio of oxygen atoms to the metal elements such as (M1 + Ba + M2) and L is larger than the ratio of nitrogen atoms.
- the amount of nitrogen atoms relative to the amount of oxygen atoms (N / O) is 70 mol% or less, preferably 50 mol% or less, more preferably 30 mol% or less, and even more preferably less than 20 mol%. It is 0 mol% or more, preferably 5 mol% or more, more preferably 10 mol% or more.
- compositions of the phosphor of the present invention are listed below, but the composition of the phosphor of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
- the parentheses indicate a composition containing one or more elements separated by commas (,).
- (Eu, Ce, Mn) is one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr and Ba, Si and Ge
- a phosphor composed of one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of O, and N, and further activated by one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of Eu, Ce, and Mn.
- the green phosphor used in the present invention include (Ca, Sr, Ba) 3 (Si, Ge) 6 O 12 N 2 : (Eu, Ce, Mn), (Ca, Sr, Ba) 3. (Si, Ge) 6 O 9 N 4 : (Eu, Ce, Mn), (Ca, Sr, Ba) 3 (Si, Ge) 6 O 3 N 8 : (Eu, Ce, Mn), (Ca, Sr) , Ba) 3 (Si, Ge) 7 O 12 N 8/3 : (Eu, Ce, Mn), (Ca, Sr, Ba) 3 (Si, Ge) 8 O 12 N 14/3 : (Eu, Ce , Mn), (Ca, Sr, Ba) 3 (Si, Ge) 8 O 12 N 6 : (Eu, Ce, Mn), (Ca, Sr, Ba) 3 (Si, Ge) 8 O 12 N 6 : (Eu, Ce, Mn), (Ca, Sr, Ba) 3 (Si,
- More preferable specific examples include Ba 3 Si 6 O 12 N 2 : Eu, Ba 3 Si 6 O 9 N 4 : Eu, Ba 3 Si 6 O 3 N 8 : Eu, Ba 3 Si 7 O 12 N 8/3 : Eu, Ba 3 Si 8 O 12 N 14/3 : Eu, Ba 3 Si 8 O 12 N 6 : Eu, Ba 3 Si 28/3 O 12 N 22/3 : Eu, Ba 3 Si 29/3 O 12 N 26/3 : Eu, Ba 3 Si 6.5 O 13 N 2 : Eu, Ba 3 Si 7 O 14 N 2 : Eu, Ba 3 Si 8 O 16 N 2 : Eu, Ba 3 Si 9 O 18 N 2 : Eu, Ba 3 Si 10 O 20 N 2: Eu, Ba 3 Si 11 O 22 N 2: Eu, Ba 3 Si 6 O 12 N 2: Eu, Mn, Ba 3 Si 6 O 9 N 4: Eu, Mn , Ba 3 Si 6 O 3 N 8 : Eu, Mn, Ba 3 Si 7 O 12 N 8/3: Eu, Mn, Ba 3 Si 8 O 12 N 14/3: Eu, Mn, Ba
- the oxynitride phosphor used in the present invention preferably has a specific crystal structure, that is, a BSON phase defined below.
- R2 R2s to R2e
- R3 R3s to R3e
- R4 R4s to R4e
- R5 An angular range of R5s to R5e.
- at least one diffraction peak exists in all the ranges of R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5, and the diffraction peak having the highest diffraction peak height among P0, P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5.
- the intensity of P0 has a diffraction peak height ratio of 20% or more with respect to the height, and at least one of P1, P2, P3, P4 or P5 has a diffraction peak height ratio.
- the crystal phase is 5% or more, preferably 9% or more.
- R1s, R2s, R3s, R4s and R5s are the start angles of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5, respectively.
- R1e, R2e, R3e, R4e and R5e are the ends of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5, respectively. An angle is shown, and the following angles are shown.
- R1s 2 ⁇ arcsin ⁇ sin ( ⁇ 0) / (1.994 ⁇ 1.015) ⁇
- R1e 2 ⁇ arcsin ⁇ sin ( ⁇ 0) / (1.994 ⁇ 0.985) ⁇
- R2s 2 ⁇ arcsin ⁇ sin ( ⁇ 0) / (1.412 ⁇ 1.015) ⁇
- R2e 2 ⁇ arcsin ⁇ sin ( ⁇ 0) / (1.412 ⁇ 0.985) ⁇
- R3s 2 ⁇ arcsin ⁇ sin ( ⁇ 0) / (1.155 ⁇ 1.015) ⁇
- R3e 2 ⁇ arcsin ⁇ sin ( ⁇ 0) / (1.155 ⁇ 0.985) ⁇
- R4s 2 ⁇ arcsin ⁇ sin ( ⁇ 0) / (0.894 ⁇ 1.015) ⁇
- R4e 2 ⁇ arcsin ⁇ sin ( ⁇ 0) / (0.894 ⁇ 1.015) ⁇
- the phosphor used in the present invention contains an impurity phase such as cristobalite, ⁇ -silicon nitride, ⁇ -silicon nitride which is a single crystal form of silicon dioxide in X-ray diffraction measurement using a CuK ⁇ X-ray source. Also good.
- the content of these impurities can be known by X-ray diffraction measurement using a CuK ⁇ X-ray source. That is, the strongest peak intensity of the impurity phase in the X-ray diffraction measurement result is usually 40% or less, preferably 30% or less with respect to the strongest peak intensity of the P0, P1, P2, P3, P4 and P5. More preferably, it is 20% or less, and more preferably 10% or less. In particular, it is preferable that the peak of the impurity phase is not observed and the BSON phase exists as a single phase. Thereby, the emission peak intensity can be increased.
- the phosphor described in International Publication No. 2007/088966 Pamphlet can be used as the oxynitride phosphor used in the present invention.
- Specific examples of the phosphor include known phosphors described in, for example, EP1413618, JP-T-2005-530917, and JP-A-2004-134805.
- G7 Europium-activated Mn-containing aluminate-based phosphor
- a and b are numbers satisfying 0.05 ⁇ a ⁇ 1, 0.6 ⁇ a / b ⁇ 5 and 0.01 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.9, respectively, and R is At least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr, and Ca; M represents Mg and / or Zn; A represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, Sc, and B; Indicates an element.
- a is 0.05 or less, the emission intensity of the crystal phase when excited by light having a wavelength of 400 nm tends to be low.
- a crystal phase having a chemical composition with a number satisfying 0.05 ⁇ a ⁇ 1 is preferable because of high emission intensity.
- a is preferably 0.1 ⁇ a ⁇ 1, more preferably 0.2 ⁇ a ⁇ 1, particularly preferably 0.25 ⁇ a ⁇ 1, and most preferably 0.3 ⁇ a ⁇ 1. preferable.
- a / b is 0.6 or less, the excitation light having a wavelength of 400 nm cannot be sufficiently absorbed, and the emission intensity from the second light emitter tends to decrease.
- a / b is 5 or more, the blue light emission intensity is stronger than the green light emission intensity, and it is difficult to obtain green light emission with good color purity.
- a crystal phase having a chemical composition in which a / b satisfies 0.6 ⁇ a / b ⁇ 5 has a high ratio of green emission intensity near a wavelength of 515 nm to blue emission intensity near a wavelength of 450 nm, high green purity, and color rendering. This is preferable because a light emitting device with good characteristics can be obtained. For the same reason, a / b ⁇ 0.8 is preferable, and a / b ⁇ 1 is more preferable. Further, a / b ⁇ 4 is preferable, and a / b ⁇ 3 is more preferable.
- the element represented by R in the general formula (G7) is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr, and Ca, but a crystal phase having a chemical composition that becomes Ba and / or Sr. It is preferable to contain it because a high emission intensity can be obtained. Further, it is more preferable that Ba be 50 mol% or more of the entire R and Sr be 10 mol% or more of the entire R because high emission intensity can be obtained.
- the element represented by M in the general formula (G7) is Mg and / or Zn, but it is preferable to contain a crystal phase having a chemical composition of Mg because high emission intensity can be obtained.
- the element represented by A in the general formula (G7) is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, Sc, and B, but a chemical in which 50 mol% or more of A as a whole is Al. It is preferable that a crystal phase having a composition is contained in order to obtain high emission intensity. Furthermore, it is more preferable that 99 mol% or more of the whole A is Al because the light emission characteristics are good.
- a phosphor containing an alkali metal in the crystal phase of the phosphor having the above composition and having an alkali metal element content of 3 mol% or less with respect to the number of sites that can be substituted by Eu is excited by near ultraviolet light.
- the alkali metal element Li, Na, and K are preferable, and Na and K are particularly preferable.
- the content of the alkali metal element is preferably 0.1 mol% or more, more preferably 0.2 mol% or more, still more preferably 0.3 mol% or more, and particularly preferably 0.5 mol% or more.
- it is 2.6 mol% or less, more preferably 2.3 mol% or less, still more preferably 2 mol% or less, particularly preferably 1.8 mol% or less, particularly preferably 1.6 mol% or less. is there.
- said fluorescent substance what contains F as an anion element is preferable.
- the content of F element is greater than 0 mol%, preferably 0.01 mol% or more, more preferably 0.05 mol, with respect to the number of sites that can be substituted by Eu in the crystalline phase of the phosphor having the above composition % Or more, more preferably 0.1 mol% or more, and usually 10 mol% or less, preferably 5 mol% or less, more preferably 3 mol% or less.
- Such a phosphor can be obtained by allowing a monovalent metal halide to coexist at a predetermined concentration as a flux during firing of the raw material mixture, as described in International Publication No. 2008/123498.
- These phosphors have a reduction rate (%) of the emission peak intensity at an excitation wavelength of 400 nm with respect to the emission peak intensity at an excitation wavelength of 340 nm measured at a temperature of 25 ° C. of 29% or less, preferably 26 % Or less, more preferably 23% or less.
- the reduction rate of the emission peak intensity at the excitation wavelength of 390 nm with respect to the emission peak intensity at the excitation wavelength of 382 nm measured at a temperature of 25 ° C. is 3.1% or less, preferably 2.5% or less, More preferably, it is 2% or less, and further preferably 1.5% or less.
- strength is 0% or more normally.
- the excitation spectrum can be performed, for example, using a 150 W xenon lamp as an excitation light source and a fluorescence measurement device (manufactured by JASCO Corporation) equipped with a multichannel CCD detector C7041 (manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics) as a spectrum measurement device.
- a fluorescence measurement device manufactured by JASCO Corporation
- C7041 manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics
- G8 Orthosilicate phosphor activated by europium
- Another specific example of the green phosphor is a compound represented by the following general formula (G8).
- M1 represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ba, Ca, Sr, Zn, and Mg
- M2 represents one or more elements that can take a divalent and trivalent valence.
- X, ⁇ , and ⁇ represent numbers satisfying 0.01 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.3, 1.5 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2.5, and 3.5 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 4.5, respectively. .)
- M1 preferably contains at least Ba.
- the molar ratio of Ba to the entire MI is usually 0.5 or more, particularly 0.55 or more, more preferably 0.6 or more, and usually less than 1, particularly 0.97 or less, more preferably 0.9 or less, In particular, 0.8 or less is preferable.
- M1 preferably contains at least Ba and Sr.
- the ratio of [Ba] to the sum of [Ba] and [Sr] is usually larger than 0.5, especially 0.6 or more, more preferably 0.65 or more, and usually 1 or less, especially 0.9 or less, and further 0.8 or less.
- the relative ratio between [Ba] and [Sr], that is, the value represented by [Ba] / [Sr] is usually larger than 1, especially 1.2 or more, further 1.5 or more, especially 1. It is preferably 8 or more, usually 15 or less, especially 10 or less, more preferably 5 or less, and particularly preferably 3.5 or less.
- the amount of substitution with Ca is the value of the molar ratio of the amount of Ca substitution with respect to the total amount of Sr, and is usually 10 mol% or less, preferably 5 mol% or less, more preferably 2 mol% or less.
- Si may be partially substituted by other elements such as Ge.
- other elements such as Ge may be contained in an amount of 20 mol% or less of Si, and it is more preferable that all are made of Si.
- M2 is listed as an activator element and represents one or more metal elements that can have a divalent and trivalent valence. Specific examples include transition metal elements such as Cr and Mn; rare earth elements such as Eu, Sm, Tm, and Yb. As M2, any one of these elements may be contained alone, or two or more may be contained in any combination and ratio.
- x is a number representing the number of moles of M2, and specifically, is usually larger than 0.01, preferably 0.04 or more, more preferably 0.05 or more, particularly preferably. It represents a number of 0.06 or more, usually less than 0.3, preferably 0.2 or less, more preferably 0.16 or less.
- ⁇ is preferably close to 2, usually 1.5 or more, preferably 1.7 or more, more preferably 1.8 or more, and usually 2.5 or less, preferably 2.2.
- a number of 2.1 or less is more preferable, and 2 is particularly preferable.
- ⁇ is usually 3.5 or more, preferably 3.8 or more, more preferably 3.9 or more, and usually 4.5 or less, preferably 4.4 or less, more preferably 4 .Represents a number of 1 or less.
- the specific composition phosphor includes alkali metal elements, alkaline earth metal elements, zinc (Zn) in addition to the elements described in the formula (G8), that is, M1, M2, Si (silicon), and O (oxygen).
- Yttrium (Y), aluminum (Al), scandium (Sc), phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), rare earth elements, halogen elements and other monovalent elements, divalent elements, trivalent elements, ⁇ 1 May contain an element selected from the group consisting of a valent element and a -3 valent element (hereinafter referred to as “trace element” where appropriate), particularly those containing an alkali metal element or a halogen element preferable.
- the total content of the above trace elements is usually 1 ppm or more, preferably 3 ppm or more, more preferably 5 ppm or more, and usually 100 ppm or less, preferably 50 ppm or less, more preferably 30 ppm or less.
- the specific composition phosphor contains plural kinds of trace elements, the total amount thereof satisfies the above range.
- the phosphor represented by the above formula (G8) include those described in International Publication No. 2007/052405 pamphlet.
- a raw material mixture or a phosphor precursor obtained by firing the same is fired, and after the firing, in a strongly reducing atmosphere, 0.05 mole as a flux with respect to silicon (Si) in the phosphor as a flux. alone or SrCl 2, or, more preferably because it has a high external quantum efficiency that obtained through a step of firing in the presence of 0.1 mol or more of CsCl.
- the phosphor represented by the formula (G8) has an emission peak half-value width of 75 nm or less when excited with light having a peak wavelength of 400 nm or 455 nm and excited with light having a peak wavelength of 400 nm or 455 nm.
- Each color phosphor shown in the above table is excited by light in the blue or deep blue region, emits light in a narrow band in the red region and the green region, respectively, and has excellent temperature at which the change in emission peak intensity due to temperature change is small. It has characteristics.
- the color image display device of the present invention can be set to have higher luminous efficiency than the conventional one by combining two or more kinds of phosphors including these color phosphors with a solid light emitting element that emits light in the blue or deep blue region. It is possible to provide a semiconductor light emitting device suitable for a light source used for a general purpose backlight.
- the structure of the light emitting device of the present invention is not limited except that the above-described solid light-emitting element and the above-described green and red phosphors are used, and a phosphor emitting blue fluorescence as described later (hereinafter referred to as “Known phosphors such as “blue phosphors”, phosphors emitting green fluorescence (hereinafter referred to as “green phosphors” as appropriate), phosphors emitting yellow fluorescence (hereinafter referred to as “yellow phosphors” as appropriate), etc. Can be obtained in any combination in accordance with the purpose, and by taking a known apparatus configuration.
- the emission spectrum of the light emitting device is energized at a current of 25 ⁇ 1 ° C. with a current of 20 mA using, for example, color / illuminance measurement software and USB2000 series spectroscope (integral sphere specification) manufactured by Ocean Optics. Measurements can be made.
- the XYZ color system may be referred to as an XY color system, and is usually expressed as (x, y).
- the light emitting device of the present invention preferably has a luminous efficiency of usually 10 lm / W or more, particularly 30 lm / W or more, particularly 50 lm / W or more.
- the luminous efficiency is obtained by obtaining the total luminous flux from the result of the emission spectrum measurement using the light emitting device as described above and dividing the lumen (lm) value by the power consumption (W).
- the power consumption can be obtained by measuring the voltage using, for example, True RMS Multimeters Model 187 & 189 manufactured by Fluke, and energizing 20 mA, and calculating the product of the current value and the voltage value.
- the white color of the white light emitting device is any of (yellowish) white, (greenish) white, (blueish) white, (purple) white and white as defined by JIS Z 8701. Of these, white is preferred.
- the light-emitting device of the present invention contains the above-described green and red phosphors, and a second phosphor (blue phosphor) to be described later as appropriate depending on the use and the emission wavelength of the solid light-emitting element that serves as an excitation source. Green phosphor, yellow phosphor, orange phosphor, etc.). Further, for example, these phosphors may be used alone or in combination as a phosphor composition dispersed in a sealing material.
- the weight median diameter of the phosphor used in these light-emitting devices is usually in the range of 2 ⁇ m or more, especially 5 ⁇ m or more, and usually 30 ⁇ m or less, especially 20 ⁇ m or less. When the weight median diameter is too small, the luminance is lowered and the phosphor particles tend to aggregate. On the other hand, if the weight median diameter is too large, there is a tendency for coating unevenness and blockage of a dispenser or the like to occur.
- the composition of the second phosphor is a phosphor other than the phosphor of the present invention, the host crystal, Y 2 O 3, YVO 4 , SnO 2, Y 2 SiO 5, Zn 2 SiO 4 , Sr 2 SiO 4 , Y 3 Al 5 O 12 , (Y, Gd) 3 Al 5 O 12 , YAlO 3 , BaMgAl 10 O 17 , (Ba, Sr) (Mg, Mn) Al 10 O 17 , (Ba , Sr, Ca) (Mg, Zn, Mn) Al 10 O 17 , BaAl 12 O 19 , CeMgAl 11 O 19 , (Ba, Sr, Mg) O ⁇ Al 2 O 3 , BaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 , SrAl 2 Metal oxides typified by O 4 , Sr 4 Al 14 O 25, etc., metal nitrides typified by Sr 2 Si 5 N 8 , Ca 10 (PO 4 ),
- the above-mentioned host crystal, activator element or coactivator element is not particularly limited in element composition, and can be partially replaced with a family element. That is, it is sufficient if the obtained phosphor absorbs light in the near ultraviolet to visible region and emits visible light.
- phosphors can be used, but these are merely examples, and phosphors that can be used in the present invention are not limited to these. In the following examples, as described above, phosphors that differ only in part of the structure are omitted as appropriate.
- green phosphor and red phosphor may be used in addition to the above-described green phosphor and red phosphor as necessary. It may be used.
- the emission peak wavelength of the orange to red phosphor is usually 570 nm or more, preferably 580 nm or more, more preferably 585 nm or more, and usually 780 nm or less, preferably 700 nm or less, more preferably 680 nm. It is preferred that:
- Such an orange to red phosphor is composed of, for example, fractured particles having a red fracture surface, and is represented by (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) 2 Si 5 N 8 : Eu that emits light in the red region.
- Europium-activated alkaline earth silicon nitride-based phosphor composed of growing particles having a substantially spherical shape as a regular crystal growth shape, and emits light in the red region (Y, La, Gd, Lu) 2 O 2 S : Europium activated rare earth oxychalcogenide phosphor represented by Eu.
- a phosphor containing a sulfide and containing an oxynitride having an alpha sialon structure in which a part or all of the Al element is substituted with a Ga element can also be used in the present invention.
- red phosphors include Eu-activated oxysulfide phosphors such as (La, Y) 2 O 2 S: Eu, Y (V, P) O 4 : Eu, and Y 2 O 3 : Eu.
- Eu, Ce-activated nitride phosphors such as (Ca, Sr, Ba, Mg) 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (F, Cl, Br, OH): Eu, Mn-activated halophosphoric acid such as Eu, Mn Salt phosphor, (Y, Lu, Gd, Tb) 1-xy Sc x Ce y ) 2 (Ca, Mg) 1-r (Mg, Zn) 2 + r Si 3-q Ge q O 12 + ⁇ (where x , Yr, and ⁇ are all numbers of 0 or more and 1 or less, and q is a number of 0 or more and 3 or less.) Ce-activated silicate phosphor or the like can also be used.
- red phosphor examples include ⁇ -diketonate, ⁇ -diketone, aromatic carboxylic acid, or a red organic phosphor composed of a rare earth element ion complex having an anion such as Bronsted acid as a ligand, a perylene pigment (for example, Dibenzo ⁇ [f, f ′]-4,4 ′, 7,7′-tetraphenyl ⁇ diindeno [1,2,3-cd: 1 ′, 2 ′, 3′-lm] perylene), anthraquinone pigment, Lake pigments, azo pigments, quinacridone pigments, anthracene pigments, isoindoline pigments, isoindolinone pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, triphenylmethane basic dyes, indanthrone pigments, indophenol pigments, It is also possible to use a cyanine pigment or a dioxazine pigment.
- a perylene pigment for example, Di
- red phosphors (Ca, Sr, Ba) 2 Si 5 (N, O) 8 : Eu, (Ca, Sr, Ba) Si (N, O) 2 : Eu, (Ca, Sr, Ba) ) AlSi (N, O) 3 : Eu, (Ca, Sr, Ba) AlSi (N, O) 3 : Ce, (Sr, Ba) 3 SiO 5 : Eu, (Ca, Sr) S: Eu, (La , Y) 2 O 2 S: Eu, (Ca, Sr, Ba) (Al, Ga) Si 4 (N, O) 7 : Eu, or Eu complex, preferably (Ca, Sr, Ba) 2 Si 5 (N, O) 8 : Eu, (Ca, Sr, Ba) Si (N, O) 2 : Eu, (Ca, Sr, Ba) AlSi (N, O) 3 : Eu, (Ca, Sr, Ba) AlSi (N, O) 3 : Eu, (Ca
- (Sr, Ba) 3 SiO 5 : Eu is preferable as the orange phosphor.
- one or more red phosphors selected from the group consisting of (Sr, Ca) AlSiN 3 : Eu and La 2 O 2 S: Eu are preferable.
- the emission peak wavelength of the green phosphor is usually larger than 500 nm, preferably 510 nm or more, more preferably 515 nm or more, and usually 550 nm or less, especially 542 nm or less, further preferably 535 nm or less. If this emission peak wavelength is too short, it tends to be bluish, while if it is too long, it tends to be yellowish, and the characteristics as green light may deteriorate.
- the green phosphor is composed of, for example, fractured particles having a fractured surface, and emits a green region (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) with europium represented by (Si 2 O 2 N 2 : Eu).
- Examples include active alkaline earth silicon oxynitride phosphors.
- Eu-activated aluminate phosphors such as Sr 4 Al 14 O 25 : Eu, (Ba, Sr, Ca) Al 2 O 4 : Eu, and (Sr, Ba) Al 2.
- Si 2 O 8 Eu, (Ba, Mg) 2 SiO 4 : Eu, (Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg) 2 SiO 4 : Eu, (Ba, Sr, Ca) 2 (Mg, Zn) Si 2 O 7 : Eu, (Ba, Ca, Sr, Mg) 9 (Sc, Y, Lu, Gd) 2 (Si, Ge) 6 O 24 : Eu-activated silicate phosphor such as Eu, Y 2 SiO 5 : Ce, Ce, Tb activated silicate phosphor such as Tb, Sr 2 P 2 O 7 —Sr 2 B 2 O 5 : Eu activated borate phosphate phosphor such as Eu, Sr 2 Si 3 O 8 -2SrCl 2 : Eu-activated aluminate
- E such as Ce-activated oxide phosphor, Eu-activated ⁇ sialon Tsukekatsusan nitride phosphor, (Ba, Sr) MgAl 10 O 17: Eu, Eu such as Mn, Mn-activated aluminate phosphor, SrAl 2 O 4: Eu-activated aluminate phosphor such as Eu (La, Gd, Y) 2 O 2 S: Tb-activated oxysulfide phosphor such as Tb, LaPO 4 : Ce, Tb-activated phosphate phosphor such as Ce, Tb, ZnS: Cu, Al, ZnS: Cu, Au, sulfide phosphor such as Al, (Y, Ga, Lu , Sc, La) BO 3: Ce, Tb, Na 2 Gd 2 B 2 O 7: Ce, Tb, (Ba, Sr) 2 (Ca, Mg, Zn) B 2 O 6 : Ce, Tb activated borate phosphor
- the green phosphor it is also possible to use a pyridine-phthalimide condensed derivative, a benzoxazinone-based, a quinazolinone-based, a coumarin-based, a quinophthalone-based, a naltaric acid-imide-based fluorescent dye, or an organic phosphor such as a terbium complex. is there.
- Eu such as (Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg) 2 SiO 4 : Eu, (Sr, Ba, Ca) Ga 2 S 4 : Eu, etc.
- Activated oxynitride phosphor (Ba, Sr) MgAl 10 O 17 : Eu, Mn activated aluminate phosphor such as Eu, Mn, (Sr, Ca, Ba) (Al, Ga, In) 2 S 4 : Eu-activated thioaluminate phosphor or thiogallate phosphor such as Eu, and Eu-activated oxynitriding such as M 3 Si 6 O 12 N 2 : Eu (where M represents an alkaline earth metal element) It is preferable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of phosphors, more preferably (Ba, Sr) MgAl 10 O 17 : Eu, Mn, and BaBaAl 10 O 17 : Eu, Mn. To do Particularly preferred.
- the emission peak wavelength of the blue phosphor is usually 420 nm or more, preferably 430 nm or more, more preferably 440 nm or more, and usually 490 nm or less, preferably 480 nm or less, more preferably 470 nm or less, and further preferably 460 nm or less. Preferably it is.
- the emission peak wavelength of the blue phosphor used is within this range, it overlaps with the excitation band of the red phosphor used in the present invention, and the red phosphor used in the present invention is made efficient by the blue light from the blue phosphor. It is because it can excite well.
- Such a blue phosphor is composed of growing particles having a substantially hexagonal shape as a regular crystal growth shape, and is represented by (Ba, Sr, Ca) MgAl 10 O 17 : Eu that emits light in a blue region.
- Europium-activated barium magnesium aluminate-based phosphor composed of growing particles having a substantially spherical shape as a regular crystal growth shape, emits light in the blue region (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (Cl, F): a europium-activated calcium halophosphate phosphor represented by Eu, and composed of growing particles having a substantially cubic shape as a regular crystal growth shape, and emits light in a blue region (Ca, Sr, Ba) ) 2 B 5 O 9 Cl: europium-activated alkaline earth aluminate phosphor represented by Eu, configuration from break particles having a fracture surface Europium-activated alkaline earth aluminate represented by (Sr,
- Sn-activated phosphate phosphor such as Sr 2 P 2 O 7 : Sn, (Sr, Ca, Ba) Al 2 O 4 : Eu or (Sr, Ca, Ba) 4 Al 14 O 25 : Eu, BaMgAl 10 O 17 : Eu, (Ba, Sr, Ca) MgAl 10 O 17 : Eu, BaMgAl 10 O 17 : Eu, Tb, Sm, BaAl 8 O 13 : Eu-activated aluminium such as Eu Acid activated phosphors, Ce activated thiogallate phosphors such as SrGa 2 S 4 : Ce, CaGa 2 S 4 : Ce, Eu, Mn activated aluminins such as (Ba, Sr, Ca) MgAl 10 O 17 : Eu, Mn Acid salt phosphor, (Sr, Ca, Ba, Mg) 10 (PO 4 ) 6 Cl 2 : Eu, (Ba, Sr, Ca) 5 (PO
- Eu-activated halophosphate phosphor BaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 : Eu, (Sr, Ba) 3 MgSi 2 O 8 : Eu-activated silicate phosphor such as Eu, Sr 2 P 2 O 7 : Eu, etc.
- Eu-activated phosphate phosphor sulfide phosphor such as ZnS: Ag, ZnS: Ag, Al, Ce-activated silicate phosphor such as Y 2 SiO 5 : Ce, tungstate phosphor such as CaWO 4 , (Ba, Sr, Ca) BPO 5: Eu, Mn, (Sr, Ca) 10 (PO 4) 6 ⁇ nB 2 O 3: Eu, 2SrO ⁇ 0.84P 2 O 5 ⁇ 0.16B 2 O 3: Eu, Mn activated borate phosphor phosphor such as Eu, Sr 2 Si 3 O 8 ⁇ 2SrCl 2 : Eu activated halosilicate phosphor such as Eu, SrSi 9 Al 19 ON 31 : Eu, EuSi 9 Al 19 Eu Tsukekatsusan nitride firefly of ON 31, etc.
- Ce-activated silicate phosphor such as Y 2 SiO 5 : Ce
- tungstate phosphor such as CaWO
- La 1-x Ce x Al (Si 6-z Al z) (N 10-z O z) ( here, x, and y are each 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1,0 ⁇ z ⁇ 6
- La 1-xy Ce x Ca y Al (Si 6-z Al z ) (N 10-z O z ) (where x, y, and z are 0 ⁇ x ⁇ , respectively)
- Ce-activated oxynitride phosphors such as 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 6.
- blue phosphor for example, naphthalic acid imide-based, benzoxazole-based, styryl-based, coumarin-based, pyralizone-based, triazole-based compound fluorescent dyes, thulium complexes and other organic phosphors can be used. .
- (Sr, Ca, Ba, Mg) 10 (PO 4 ) 6 Cl 2 : Eu or (Ca, Sr, Ba) MgAl 10 O 17 : Eu has a narrow half-width of the emission peak.
- (Sr, Ca, Ba, Mg) 10 (PO 4 ) 6 Cl 2 : Eu is more preferable, and Sr 10 (PO 4 ) 6 Cl 2 : Eu is particularly preferable.
- the phosphor represented by (Sr, Ca, Ba, Mg) 10 (PO 4 ) 6 Cl 2 : Eu has a multi-stage firing process as described in Synthesis Example I-7 described later. It is preferable to use a flux in the second and subsequent firing steps.
- Examples of such a phosphor include those described in International Publication No. 2009/005035 pamphlet.
- the phosphor represented by (Ca, Sr, Ba) MgAl 10 O 17 : Eu includes an alkali metal in the crystal phase of the phosphor, and an alkali metal relative to the number of sites that Eu can substitute Even when a phosphor having an element content of 3% or less is excited with near-ultraviolet light, the phosphor has a stable and high emission intensity and brightness, and is excellent in temperature characteristics.
- what contains F as an anion element is preferable.
- the type and content of the alkali metal element and the content of the F element are the same as those described for the general formula (G7).
- the blue phosphor has an emission peak intensity change rate of 30% at 100 ° C. with respect to the emission peak intensity when the temperature of the phosphor is 25 ° C. when the wavelength of the excitation light is 400 nm or 405 nm. It is preferable to use the following. Further, it is more preferably 25% or less, further preferably 22% or less, still more preferably 18% or less, and particularly preferably 15% or less.
- the blue phosphor has such characteristics to prevent color misregistration. preferable.
- the temperature dependence of the blue phosphor can be measured in the same manner as the temperature dependence of the green and red phosphors described above except that the wavelength of the excitation light is set to 400 nm or 405 nm.
- any one of the blue phosphors exemplified above may be used alone, or two or more may be used in any combination and ratio.
- the emission peak wavelength of the yellow phosphor is usually in the wavelength range of 530 nm or more, preferably 540 nm or more, more preferably 550 nm or more, and usually 620 nm or less, preferably 600 nm or less, more preferably 580 nm or less. Is preferred.
- Examples of such yellow phosphors include various oxide-based, nitride-based, oxynitride-based, sulfide-based, and oxysulfide-based phosphors.
- RE 3 M 5 O 12 Ce (where RE represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Y, Tb, Gd, Lu, and Sm, and M represents Al, Ga, and Sc.
- M a 3 M b 2 M c 3 O 12 Ce (where M a is a divalent metal element, M b is a trivalent metal element)
- M c is garnet phosphor having a garnet structure represented by the representative) like a tetravalent metallic element
- AE 2 M d O 4: .
- AE is, Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg , And at least one element selected from the group consisting of Zn, M d represents Si and / or Ge), etc., and constituent elements of the phosphors of these systems Oxynitride Phosphors with Partial Replacement of Oxygen by Nitrogen AEAlSiN 3: Ce (., Where, AE is, Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg and represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Zn) of the nitride-based fluorescent material or the like having a CaAlSiN 3 structure, such as Ce And a phosphor activated in step (b).
- CaGa 2 S 4 Eu
- (Ca, Sr) Ga 2 S 4 Eu
- (Ca, Sr) (Ga, Al) 2 S 4 sulfide-based phosphor such as Eu
- Fluorescence activated with Eu such as oxynitride-based phosphors having a SiAlON structure such as Ca X (Si, Al) 12 (O, N) 16 : Eu (where X is 0 ⁇ X ⁇ 4).
- M is one or more selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, and Ba
- X represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, and Br.
- A, B, and P are 0.001 ⁇ A ⁇ 0.3 and 0 ⁇ B, respectively.
- Eu-activated or Eu-Mn co-activated halogenated borate firefly such as ⁇ 0.3, 0 ⁇ P ⁇ 0.2
- Ce-activated nitride phosphor having a La 3 Si 6 N 11 structure, which may contain a light body, an alkaline earth metal element, or the like.
- yellow phosphors examples include brilliant sulfoflavine FF (Color Index Number 56205), basic yellow HG (Color Index Number 46040), eosine (Color Index Number 45In80minGourber 45G 80min 80G, 4545 480 min) Etc. can also be used.
- any one of the color phosphors exemplified above may be used alone, or two or more may be used in any combination and ratio.
- composition of 3-1-1 phosphor What is necessary is just to set arbitrarily the usage-amount of said each fluorescent substance, the combination of fluorescent substance, its ratio, etc. according to the use etc. of a light-emitting device.
- the light emitting device of the present invention when configured as a red light emitting device, only the red phosphor of the present invention may be used, and the use of other phosphors is usually unnecessary.
- the light emitting device of the present invention when configured as a white light emitting device, it has a red phosphor and a green phosphor so that desired white light can be obtained, and further, if necessary, a blue phosphor.
- the body and / or yellow phosphor may be appropriately combined.
- examples of preferable combinations of phosphors in the case where the light-emitting device of the present invention is configured as a white light-emitting device include the following combinations (A) or (B).
- a blue light emitter (blue LED or the like) is used as the first light emitter, and the above red phosphor and (Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg) 2 SiO 4 : Eu phosphor, (Ca, Sr) Sc 2 O 4 : Ce-based phosphor, (Ca 3 (Sc, Mg) 2 Si 3 O 12 : Ce-based phosphor, Eu-activated ⁇ -sialon-based phosphor, (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) Si 2 O
- One or two or more green phosphors selected from the group consisting of 2 N 2 : Eu phosphors and (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) 3 Si 6 O 12 N 2 : Eu phosphors are used.
- a near ultraviolet or ultraviolet light emitter (near ultraviolet or ultraviolet LED or the like) is used as the first light emitter, the above-described red phosphor and green phosphor are used, and a blue phosphor is used in combination.
- the blue phosphor (Ba, Sr) MgAl 10 O 17 : Eu type phosphor and / or (Sr, Ca, Ba, Mg) 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (Cl, F) 2 : Eu type A phosphor is used
- a green phosphor (Ba, Sr) MgAl 10 O 17 : Eu, Mn phosphor, (Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg) 2 SiO 4 : Eu phosphor, (Ca, Sr) ) Sc 2 O 4 : Ce phosphor, Ca 3 (Sc, Mg) 2 Si 3 O 12 : Ce phosphor, Eu-activated ⁇ -sialon phosphor, (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba)
- the phosphor is usually used in the state of a phosphor-containing composition dispersed in a liquid medium that is a sealing material (binder).
- the phosphor of the present invention dispersed in a liquid medium will be referred to as “the phosphor-containing composition of the present invention” as appropriate.
- the phosphor-containing composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the performance of the phosphor is not impaired within the intended range, but is usually a curing that can be molded over the solid light-emitting element. Can be used.
- the curable material is a fluid material that is cured by performing some kind of curing treatment.
- the fluid state means, for example, a liquid state or a gel state.
- the curable material is not particularly limited as long as it secures the role of guiding the light emitted from the solid light emitting element to the phosphor. Moreover, only 1 type may be used for a curable material and it may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio. Therefore, any curable material may be used as long as it exhibits a liquid property under a desired use condition, suitably disperses the phosphor of the present invention, and does not cause an undesirable reaction. Either the material or a mixture of both can be used.
- the inorganic material examples include a metal alkoxide; a solution obtained by hydrolytic polymerization of a solution containing a ceramic precursor polymer or metal alkoxide by a sol-gel method; an inorganic material obtained by solidifying these combinations (for example, a siloxane bond). Inorganic material having);
- examples of organic materials include thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins, and photocurable resins.
- specific examples include (meth) acrylic resins such as methyl poly (meth) acrylate; styrene resins such as polystyrene and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers; polycarbonate resins; polyester resins; phenoxy resins; butyral resins; Cellulose resins such as cellulose acetate and cellulose acetate butyrate; epoxy resins; phenol resins; silicone resins and the like.
- the silicon-containing compound is a compound having a silicon atom in the molecule, organic materials such as polyorganosiloxane (silicone compound), inorganic materials such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, borosilicate, phosphosilicate Examples thereof include glass materials such as salts and alkali silicates.
- silicone materials are preferable from the viewpoints of transparency, adhesiveness, ease of handling, mechanical and thermal adaptability relaxation characteristics, and the like.
- the silicone material usually refers to an organic polymer having a siloxane bond as a main chain, and for example, a silicone material such as a condensation type, an addition type, an improved sol-gel type, and a photo-curing type can be used.
- condensation type silicone material for example, semiconductor light-emitting device members described in JP-A No. 2007-129973 to No. 112975, JP-A No. 2007-19459, JP-A No. 2008-34833 and the like can be used.
- Condensation-type silicone materials have excellent adhesion to components such as packages, electrodes, and light-emitting elements used in semiconductor light-emitting devices, so the addition of adhesion-improving components can be minimized, and crosslinking is mainly due to siloxane bonds. There is an advantage of excellent heat resistance and light resistance.
- addition-type silicone material examples include potting silicone materials described in JP-A No. 2004-186168, JP-A No. 2004-221308, JP-A No. 2005-327777, JP-A No. 2003-183881, Organically modified silicone material for potting described in JP-A-2006-206919, etc., silicone material for injection molding described in JP-A-2006-324596, etc., silicone material for transfer molding described in JP-A-2007-231173 Etc. can be used suitably.
- the addition-type silicone material has advantages such as a high degree of freedom in selection such as a curing speed and a hardness of a cured product, a component that does not desorb during curing, hardly shrinking due to curing, and excellent deep part curability.
- an improved sol-gel type silicone material which is one of the condensation type silicone materials, for example, silicone materials described in JP-A-2006-077234, JP-A-2006-291018, JP-A-2007-119567, etc. Can be suitably used.
- the improved sol-gel type silicone material has an advantage that it has a high degree of crosslinking, heat resistance, light resistance and durability, and is excellent in the protective function of a phosphor having low gas permeability and low moisture resistance.
- the photocurable silicone material for example, silicone materials described in JP-A-2007-131812, JP-A-2007-214543 and the like can be suitably used.
- the ultraviolet curable silicone material has advantages such as excellent productivity because it cures in a short time, and it is not necessary to apply a high temperature for curing, so that the light emitting element is hardly deteriorated.
- silicone materials may be used alone, or a plurality of silicone materials may be mixed and used as long as they do not inhibit curing by mixing.
- condensation type silicone material when used in a semiconductor light emitting device, it is more preferable to use a condensation type silicone material from the viewpoint of resistance to deterioration and heat resistance with respect to an emission wavelength from the ultraviolet region to the blue region.
- the content of the liquid medium is arbitrary as long as the effect of the present invention is not significantly impaired, but is usually 25% by weight or more, preferably 40% by weight or more, based on the entire phosphor-containing composition of the present invention.
- the amount is usually 99% by weight or less, preferably 95% by weight or less, more preferably 80% by weight or less.
- the content is usually as described above. It is desirable to use a liquid medium. On the other hand, when there is too little liquid medium, fluidity
- the liquid medium mainly has a role as a binder in the phosphor-containing composition of the present invention.
- the liquid medium may be used alone or in combination of two or more in any combination and ratio.
- other thermosetting resins such as epoxy resins are contained to the extent that the durability of the silicon-containing compound is not impaired. Also good.
- the content of the other thermosetting resin is usually 25% by weight or less, preferably 10% by weight or less based on the total amount of the liquid medium as the binder.
- the content of the phosphor in the phosphor-containing composition of the present invention is arbitrary as long as the effects of the present invention are not significantly impaired, but usually 1% by weight or more with respect to the entire phosphor-containing composition of the present invention, It is 3% by weight or more, more preferably 5% by weight or more, further preferably 10% by weight or more, particularly preferably 20% by weight or more, and usually 80% by weight or less, preferably 60% by weight or less.
- the proportion of the phosphor of the present invention in the phosphor in the phosphor-containing composition is also arbitrary, but is usually 30% by weight or more, preferably 50% by weight or more, and usually 100% by weight or less.
- the flowability of the phosphor-containing composition may be inferior and difficult to handle, and if the phosphor content is too low, the light emission efficiency of the light-emitting device decreases. There is a tendency.
- a diffusing agent for example, a filler, a viscosity modifier, an ultraviolet absorber, a refractive index for making the emitted light more uniform
- a diffusing agent for example, a filler, a viscosity modifier, an ultraviolet absorber, a refractive index for making the emitted light more uniform
- You may contain additives, such as a regulator, a shrinkage reducing agent, and a binder. Only 1 type may be used for another component and it may use 2 or more types together by arbitrary combinations and a ratio.
- the diffusing agent is preferably a colorless substance having an average particle size of 100 nm to several tens of ⁇ m.
- Alumina, zirconia, yttria and the like are more preferably used as a diffusing agent because they are stable in a practical temperature range of ⁇ 60 to 120 ° C. A higher refractive index is more preferable because the effect of the diffusing agent is increased. Further, when a phosphor having a large particle size is used, it is preferable to add an anti-settling agent to the binder because color unevenness and color misregistration are likely to occur due to sedimentation of the phosphor.
- Anti-settling agents include, for example, ultrafine silica having a particle size of about 10 nm, such as “manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd., trade name: AEROSIL # 200”, “manufactured by Tokuyama Co., Ltd., trade name: Leolosil”, fumed silica (dry silica) ) Is common.
- the light-emitting device of the present invention includes the above-described solid light-emitting element and phosphor.
- the above-described solid light-emitting element and phosphor are arranged on an appropriate frame.
- the phosphor is excited by the light emission of the solid light emitting element to emit light, and the light emission of the solid light emitting element and / or the light emission of the phosphor is arranged to be taken out to the outside.
- the plurality of phosphors are not necessarily mixed in the same layer.
- the phosphor may be contained in a separate layer for each color development of the phosphor and laminated.
- the frame has at least positive and negative electrodes for energizing the solid light emitting element light source, and the electrodes of the solid light emitting element and the electrodes of the frame are electrically connected. These electrodes can be electrically connected by wire bonding or flip chip mounting. When connecting by wire bonding, a gold wire having a diameter of 20 to 40 ⁇ m or an aluminum wire can be used.
- the light-emitting device of the present invention combines a specific red phosphor and a specific green phosphor, which are excited by light emission having a wavelength from the ultraviolet region to the blue region, and, if necessary, in combination with other specific blue phosphors.
- a light emitting device suitable for a backlight light source for an image display device described later can be obtained. That is, the red phosphor used in the present invention emits light in a narrow band in the red region and has excellent temperature characteristics. Therefore, the luminous efficiency is set higher than the conventional one by combining with the above solid-state light emitting device and phosphor.
- a solid light emitting element that has little variation in luminous efficiency. Since many phosphors excited by wavelengths from the near-ultraviolet region to the blue region vary greatly in excitation efficiency around a wavelength of 400 nm, it is particularly preferable to use a semiconductor light-emitting element with little variation in light emission efficiency. Specifically, the degree of variation in emission wavelength at which the light emission efficiency in the semiconductor light emitting element is maximized is usually ⁇ 5 nm or less, preferably ⁇ 2.5 nm or less, and more preferably ⁇ 1.25 nm or less.
- the emitted light can be given directivity, and light can be used effectively.
- a concave cup is provided on the frame and a solid light emitting element is disposed on the bottom surface
- the emitted light can be given directivity, and light can be used effectively.
- a highly reflective metal such as silver, platinum, or aluminum, or an equivalent alloy
- the reflectivity in the entire visible light range can be increased, and the light utilization efficiency is increased. More preferable.
- the same effect can be obtained even if the surface of the concave portion of the frame or the entire surface is made of an injection molding resin containing a highly reflective substance such as white glass fiber, alumina powder, titania powder or the like.
- an epoxy, imide, or acrylic adhesive, a solder such as AuSn or AgSn, or a bump such as Au can be used.
- the solid light-emitting element When the solid light-emitting element is energized through the adhesive, it is preferable to apply a thin and uniform coating containing a conductive filler such as silver fine particles, such as silver paste or carbon paste. It is also effective to use a solder to fix a large current type light emitting diode or laser diode in which heat dissipation is particularly important.
- any adhesive may be used for fixing in the case of a solid light emitting device that is not energized through an adhesive, but silver paste or solder is preferable in view of heat dissipation.
- the use of solder is not preferable because the solid state light emitting device is repeatedly exposed to a high temperature or exposed for a long time, which may deteriorate the life of the solid state light emitting device.
- the bump it is possible to work at a temperature lower than that of the solder, and the solid light emitting element and the frame can be connected easily and reliably.
- an adhesive of silver paste may cause the p-type and n-type electrodes to be short-circuited.
- a solid light emitting element is sealed with a sealing material.
- the sealing material the phosphor-containing composition described above may also serve as the sealing material, or the liquid medium described above may be used as the sealing material.
- the sealing material can also be used for the purpose of bonding the solid light emitting element, the phosphor and the frame.
- the solid light-emitting element emits light in the blue to deep blue region or the ultraviolet region when energized.
- the phosphor absorbs part of it and emits light in the green or red band, respectively.
- the blue light of the solid light emitting element itself is mixed with the light of the green band and the red band converted in wavelength by the phosphor, A roughly white one is obtained.
- the solid-state light emitting device when the solid-state light emitting device emits light in the deep blue region or ultraviolet region, the blue band that is directly or indirectly wavelength-converted by the phosphor from the light in the deep blue region or ultraviolet region emitted from the solid light-emitting device. Is mixed with the light of the green and red bands to obtain a roughly white one.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing the positional relationship between In FIG. 3, (1) is a phosphor-containing portion (second light emitter), (2) is a surface-emitting GaN-based LD as an excitation light source (first light emitter), and (3) is a substrate.
- LD (2) and phosphor-containing portion (second light emitter) (1) are produced separately, and their surfaces are brought into contact with each other by an adhesive or other means.
- the phosphor-containing portion (second light emitter) may be formed (molded) on the light emitting surface of the LD (2). As a result, the LD (2) and the phosphor-containing portion (second light emitter) (1) can be brought into contact with each other.
- the light loss is such that light from the excitation light source (first light emitter) is reflected by the film surface of the phosphor-containing portion (second light emitter) and oozes out. Therefore, the light emission efficiency of the entire device can be improved.
- FIG. 4A is a typical example of a light emitting device of a form generally referred to as a shell type, and has a light emission having an excitation light source (first light emitter) and a phosphor-containing portion (second light emitter). It is typical sectional drawing which shows one Example of an apparatus.
- the light emitting device (4) (5) is a mount lead, (6) is an inner lead, (7) is an excitation light source (first light emitter), (8) is a phosphor containing part, and (9) is conductive.
- Wire (10) indicates a mold member.
- FIG. 4B is a representative example of a light-emitting device of a form called a surface-mount type, and light emission having an excitation light source (first light emitter) and a phosphor-containing portion (second light emitter).
- first light emitter an excitation light source
- second light emitter a phosphor-containing portion
- (15) indicates a frame
- (16) indicates a conductive wire
- (17) and (18) indicate electrodes.
- the red phosphor is a fluorine complex phosphor, having at least one of the following (a) to (c) improves the durability of the light emitting device, specifically, the temperature of 85 This is preferable in that deterioration of the light emitting device over time at 85 ° C. and humidity of 85% can be suppressed.
- the material constituting the material layer C is not particularly limited as long as it is light transmissive and has high chemical stability against heat, light and chemicals. Among these, versatility and handling properties To resins are preferred.
- Specific examples of the resin used for the material layer C include silicone resins, epoxy resins, fluorine-containing saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon resins, polyolefin resins such as polyethylene, polyesters such as polycarbonate and polyethylene terephthalate, and the like. It is done.
- a silicone resin is preferable in that it has adhesion between the semiconductor light emitting device (110) and the fluorine complex phosphor-containing layer (111).
- the silicone resin include those described above in the section of the liquid medium, and among these, an addition-type silicone resin is preferable.
- Specific examples of such a resin include SCR 1011 and 1016 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
- As a weight average molecular weight by GPC method of resin which comprises the said material layer C it is 500 or more normally, Preferably it is 1000 or more, Usually, 1 million or less, Preferably it is 500,000 or less.
- the thickness of the material layer C is usually 100 ⁇ m or more, preferably 200 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 250 ⁇ m or more, and usually 500 ⁇ m or less, although it depends on the size of the light emitting device (cup). Is 400 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 300 ⁇ m or less. If the material layer C is too thin, the effect may not occur. On the other hand, if it is too thick, it is not preferable in terms of labor and cost of manufacturing the light emitting device.
- the composition constituting the material layer C is injected onto (A) to form a layer, and then a fluorine complex phosphor-containing layer (material) This is made possible by the method of injecting the composition constituting layer B).
- the injection method is preferably an injection device such as a commonly used dispenser. [3-4-2. Aspect (b)] One mode for specifically describing the light-emitting device having the above-described configuration (b) is shown in FIGS. In FIG.
- a material layer B (111) that is a fluorine complex phosphor-containing layer is formed on the semiconductor light emitting device (110), and then a material layer that is a material layer that does not contain the fluorine complex phosphor.
- D (113) By laminating D (113), the surface of the light emitting device is covered.
- FIG. 23 (b) the embodiment described in [3-4-1] above is added to the embodiment of FIG. 23 (a).
- FIG. 23C shows a mode in which the material layer D (113) covers the entire light emitting device. Examples of the material constituting the material layer D include the same materials as those described above for the material layer C, but materials having gas barrier properties are preferred.
- the material constituting the material layer D is preferably a fluorine-containing saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon resin, a silicone resin and an epoxy resin, more preferably a fluorine-containing saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon resin, Silicone resin.
- fluorine-containing saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon-based resin include Eight Seal F-3000 manufactured by Freon Industries, Fine Heat-resistant TFE Coat manufactured by Freon Industries, and Ares Front Clear manufactured by Kansai Paint.
- silicone resin examples include SCR 1011 and 1016 manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
- an epoxy resin as the material layer D
- the effect becomes remarkable when it has the layer formed with another kind of resin between the material layers B.
- a weight average molecular weight by GPC method of resin which comprises the said material layer D it is 500 or more normally, Preferably it is 1000 or more, Usually, 1 million or less, Preferably it is 500,000 or less.
- the thickness of the material layer D is usually 50 ⁇ m or more, preferably 80 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 100 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 150 ⁇ m or more, and usually 500 ⁇ m, although it depends on the size of the light emitting device.
- the material layer D is preferably 400 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 300 ⁇ m or less. If the material layer D is too thin, the effect may not occur. On the other hand, if it is too thick, it is not preferable in terms of labor and cost of manufacturing the light emitting device.
- the composition constituting the material layer D is injected onto (A) to form a layer, and then the fluorine complex phosphor-containing layer (material)
- a method of injecting the composition constituting the layer B) or a method of immersing in a curable material constituting the material layer D after making the light emitting device and curing it can be employed.
- the periphery of the material layer B (111) that is a fluorine complex phosphor-containing layer is covered with a material layer E (114) that is a material layer that does not contain the fluorine complex phosphor.
- the material constituting the material layer E is particularly preferably a material that does not have a reactive group with a fluorine complex phosphor, and examples thereof include fluorine-containing saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon resins or silicone resins.
- Examples of the weight average molecular weight of the resin constituting the material layer E by the GPC method include those having the same molecular weight as the resins constituting the material layers C and D described above.
- the thickness of the material layer D is usually 1 ⁇ m or more, preferably 2 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 5 ⁇ m or more, further preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, and usually 50 ⁇ m, although it depends on the size of the light emitting device. Below, it is preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 20 ⁇ m or less.
- Examples of the manufacturing method include a method in which a material layer E formed by a coating operation or the like around the previously prepared material layer B is inserted into a cup of a light emitting device. At this time, portions other than the material layer B covered with the material layer E may be filled with a resin that forms the material layer C or D described above. By taking such a configuration, durability is improved. The reason is not clear, but it is presumed that by having a specific layer, the deterioration of the fluoride complex phosphor can be suppressed and / or the bypass current around the LED chip can be lowered.
- the use of the light-emitting device of the present invention is not particularly limited, and can be used in various fields where a normal light-emitting device is used. However, since the color rendering property is high and the color reproduction range is wide, an illumination device or an image is used. It is particularly preferably used as a light source for a display device.
- the above-described light-emitting device may be appropriately incorporated into a known lighting device.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an embodiment of the illumination device of the present invention.
- the surface-emitting illuminating device (11) has a large number of light-emitting devices (13) (13) on the bottom surface of a rectangular holding case (12) whose inner surface is light-impermeable such as a white smooth surface.
- the light emitting device (4) described above) is arranged with a power source and a circuit (not shown) for driving the light emitting device (13) provided outside thereof, and is disposed on the lid of the holding case (12).
- a diffusion plate (14) such as a milky white acrylic plate is fixed to the corresponding portion for uniform light emission.
- the surface emitting illumination device (11) is driven to emit light by applying a voltage to the excitation light source (first light emitter) of the light emitting device (13).
- first light emitter Part of the emitted light is absorbed by the phosphor in the phosphor-containing resin portion as the phosphor-containing portion (second light emitter), emits visible light, and blue light that is not absorbed by the phosphor
- Light emission with high color rendering properties can be obtained by color mixing with the like.
- This light is transmitted through the diffuser plate (14) and emitted upward in the drawing, so that illumination light with uniform brightness can be obtained within the surface of the diffuser plate (14) of the holding case (12).
- the specific configuration of the image display device is not limited, but it is preferably used with a color filter.
- the image display device is a color image display device using a color liquid crystal display element
- the light emitting device is used as a backlight, an optical shutter using liquid crystal, and a color filter having red, green, and blue pixels.
- a color filter having red, green, and blue pixels.
- the light-emitting device is a light source that combines blue, green, and red light emission with a narrow emission band, high emission peak intensity, and excellent temperature characteristics.
- a semiconductor light-emitting element of a power device that reaches a high temperature an excellent image display device can be obtained in which the emission peak intensity is stable and the color shift is small.
- the color image display device of the present invention is configured by combining an optical shutter, a color filter having at least three color elements of red, green, and blue corresponding to the optical shutter, and a backlight for transmitted illumination.
- the specific configuration is not particularly limited, and for example, a TFT (thin film transistor) type color liquid crystal display device using an optical shutter using liquid crystal as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of a TFT type color liquid crystal display device using a sidelight type backlight device and a color filter.
- a light source (31) having a solid light emitting element and a phosphor is converted into a surface light source by a light guide plate (32), and the uniformity is further increased by a light diffusion sheet (33).
- the light After passing through the prism sheet, the light enters the polarizing plate (34).
- the incident light is incident on the color filter (39) after the polarization direction is controlled for each pixel by the TFT (36).
- the light incident on the color filter (39) finally passes through the polarizing plate (40) arranged so that the polarization direction is perpendicular to the polarizing plate (34) and reaches the observer.
- the TFT (36) and the color filter (39) are provided on glass substrates (35) and (38), which are transparent substrates, respectively, and a liquid crystal (37) is interposed between the glass substrates (35) and (38). It is enclosed.
- the degree of change in the polarization direction of the incident light is changed by the applied voltage of the TFT (36)
- the amount of light passing through the polarizing plate (40) is changed, and a color image can be displayed.
- the relationship between the color reproduction range (NTSC ratio) W of the color image display element and the light utilization efficiency Y shown below is expressed by the following formula (a) by the configuration described in detail below. ), Preferably the formula (b), more preferably the formula (c), and particularly preferably the formula (d).
- the use of a solid light-emitting element that emits light in the deep blue region or the ultraviolet region as the solid-state semiconductor light-emitting device is preferred because the light utilization efficiency tends to increase.
- the light utilization efficiency can be controlled to some extent up to the NTSC ratio of 85%, but the design exceeding the NTSC ratio of 85%, that is, the NTSC ratio is 85% or more, particularly 87% or more.
- 90% or more is to increase the efficiency of light utilization from the pigments used in conventional color filter resists, the emission spectrum of phosphors, the properties of the backlight spectrum that combines solid light emitting elements and phosphors, etc. Is difficult.
- the relationship between the NTSC ratio W and the light utilization efficiency Y is set as follows.
- the near-ultraviolet LED as the solid light emitting device, BaMgAl 10 O 17 as a blue phosphor: Eu, BaMgAl 10 O 17 as a green phosphor: Eu, Mn, K 2 TiF 6 as a red phosphor: When using Mn In the same manner as above, the above formula (c) is obtained. Further, a near-ultraviolet LED is used as the solid state light emitting device, Sr 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl: Eu as the blue phosphor, BaMgAl 10 O 17 : Eu, Mn as the green phosphor, and K 2 TiF as the red phosphor. 6 : When Mn is used, the above formula (d) is obtained in the same manner as described above. As red phosphor, K 2 SiF 6: be used Mn, can be derived the equation in a similar manner.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the NTSC ratio and the light utilization efficiency, which represents the equations (a) to (d).
- the light use efficiency Y is specifically determined by measuring the relative emission distribution spectrum S ( ⁇ ) of the backlight with a high luminance measuring device and the transmittance spectrum T ( ⁇ ) of the color filter with a spectrophotometer. It can be calculated by applying to the above equation.
- the color image display device of the present invention is characterized by having wide color reproducibility. That is, the color image display device of the present invention is configured by combining an optical shutter, a color filter having at least three color elements of red, green, and blue corresponding to the optical shutter, and a backlight for transmitted illumination. Is done.
- the light source for backlight has a semiconductor light emitting device in which a solid light emitting element that emits light in a blue or deep blue region or ultraviolet region and a phosphor are combined, and the semiconductor light emitting device has 430 to 470 nm, 500 to 550 nm, and Each has one or more main components of light emission in the wavelength region of 600 to 680 nm, and the color reproduction range of the color image display element is usually 60% or more of NTSC ratio.
- the NTSC ratio is preferably 70% or more, more preferably 80% or more, still more preferably 85% or more, still more preferably 87% or more, and particularly preferably 90% or more.
- the color image display device of the present invention has a color temperature of usually 4,000 to 10,000K, preferably 4,500 to 9,500K, and more preferably 5,000 to 9,000K. If the color temperature is too low, the entire image will be reddish. On the other hand, if the color temperature is too high, the luminance is lowered.
- the backlight device used in the present invention refers to a planar light source device that is disposed on the back surface of a liquid crystal panel and is used as a back light source means of a transmissive or transflective color liquid crystal display device.
- the configuration of the backlight device includes a light source that emits white light and a light uniformizing unit that converts light from the light source into a substantially uniform surface light source.
- a light source is disposed directly under the back surface of the liquid crystal element (directly under method), or a light source is disposed on the side surface to transmit light using a translucent light guide such as an acrylic plate.
- a method of obtaining a surface light source by converting into a shape (side light method) is representative.
- a side light system as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 is preferable as a surface light source that is thin and excellent in uniformity of luminance distribution, and is currently most widely used.
- a light source (31) is disposed on one side end face (41a) of a light-transmitting plate (41a) along the side end face (41a).
- the light entrance end face (41a), which is the light incident end face, is configured to enter the light guide (41).
- One plate surface (41b) of the light guide (41) is a light output surface, and a light control sheet (43) in which a substantially triangular prism array (42) is formed on the light output surface (41b).
- the apex angle of the array (42) is arranged toward the observer side.
- a light extraction mechanism (a light extraction mechanism (41a) is formed by printing a large number of dots (44a) in a predetermined pattern with light scattering ink. 44).
- a reflection sheet (45) is disposed adjacent to the plate surface (41c).
- the light control sheet (43) formed with the substantially triangular prism-shaped array (42) is arranged such that the apex angle of the array (42) is the light emitting surface (41b) side of the light guide (41).
- the light extraction mechanism (44) ′ provided on the plate surface (41c) facing the light exit surface (41b) of the light guide (41) has a rough surface. 8 is different from the backlight device shown in FIG. 8 in that the rough surface pattern (44b) is formed.
- Such a sidelight type backlight device can more effectively bring out the characteristics of a liquid crystal display device that is lightweight and thin.
- the light-emitting device described above is used as the light source of the backlight device of the present invention, and an LED can be included in the structure.
- any light source may be used as long as it emits light in the red, green, and blue wavelength regions, that is, in the range of 580 to 700 nm, 500 to 550 nm, and 400 to 480 nm.
- the light source includes one or a plurality of solid-state light emitting elements that emit light in a blue or deep blue region or an ultraviolet region, and a phosphor that is excited by light from the solid light-emitting devices. And a semiconductor light emitting device.
- the semiconductor light emitting device has a red region (usually 600 nm or more, preferably 610 nm or more, more preferably 620 nm or more, usually 680 nm or less, preferably 670 nm or less, more preferably 650 nm or less), a green region (usually 500 nm or more, Preferably it is 510 nm or more, usually 550 nm or less, preferably 542 nm or less, more preferably 540 nm or less, more preferably 535 nm or less, still more preferably 530 nm or less, particularly preferably 525 nm or less, particularly preferably 520 nm or less).
- Each wavelength region in the blue region (usually 430 nm or more, preferably 440 nm or more, and usually 470 nm or less, preferably 460 nm or less) is adjusted to have one or more main emission peaks.
- the amount of light in each of the red, green, and blue regions in the transmissive or transflective transmission mode is determined by the product of the light emission from the backlight and the spectral transmittance of the color filter. Therefore, it is necessary to select a backlight that satisfies the conditions described later in the section (c) Colorant of the color filter composition.
- Color filter used in the color image display device of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, the following can be used.
- the color filter is obtained by forming fine pixels such as red, green, and blue on a transparent substrate such as glass by a dyeing method, a printing method, an electrodeposition method, a pigment dispersion method, or the like.
- a light shielding pattern called a black matrix is often provided between the pixels.
- a color filter by a dyeing method is manufactured by forming an image with a photosensitive resin obtained by mixing dichromate as a photosensitizer with gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol or the like, and then dyeing the image.
- the color filter by printing method is a method such as screen printing method, gravure printing method, flexographic printing method, reversal printing method, soft lithography method (imprint printing), etc., and transfers thermosetting or photo-curing ink to a transparent substrate such as glass.
- a transparent substrate such as glass provided with an electrode is immersed in a bath containing a pigment or dye, and a color filter is formed by electrophoresis.
- a color filter by the pigment dispersion method forms a coating film on a transparent substrate such as glass by applying a composition in which a color material such as a pigment is dispersed or dissolved in a photosensitive resin, and is irradiated with radiation through a photomask. Exposure is performed, and unexposed portions are removed by development processing to form a pattern.
- the color filter is a method in which a polyimide resin composition in which a color material is dispersed or dissolved is applied and a pixel image is formed by an etching method, and a film in which a resin composition containing the color material is applied. It can also be produced by a method of attaching and peeling to a transparent substrate and image exposure and development to form a pixel image, a method of forming a pixel image by an ink jet printer, and the like.
- the pigment dispersion method has become the mainstream from the viewpoint of high productivity and excellent microfabrication, but the color filter according to the present invention is in any of the above manufacturing methods. Is also applicable.
- a chromium and / or chromium oxide (single layer or multilayer) film is formed on the entire surface by a method such as sputtering on a transparent substrate such as glass, and then only the color pixel portion is removed by etching.
- a photosensitive composition in which a light-shielding component is dispersed or dissolved is coated on a transparent substrate such as glass to form a coating film, which is exposed to radiation through a photomask, and unexposed portions are There is a method of forming a pattern by removing it by development processing.
- the color filter according to the present invention can be usually produced by forming red, green, and blue pixel images on a transparent substrate provided with a black matrix.
- the pigment and the film thickness are optimized so that the peak wavelengths of the red region, the blue region, and the green region of the emission spectrum of the backlight are best transmitted. More specifically, the white point, the chromaticity index of the backlight spectrum, and the required NTSC ratio are calculated by the color matching system, and the optimum pigment and film thickness are set.
- the material of the transparent substrate is not particularly limited.
- the material include polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate; polyolefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene; thermoplastic plastic sheets such as polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate and polysulfone; epoxy resins, unsaturated polyester resins, poly (meth) acrylic resins, and the like.
- thermosetting plastic sheets various glass plates; Among these, a glass plate and a heat resistant plastic are preferable from the viewpoint of heat resistance.
- the transparent substrate may be previously subjected to corona discharge treatment, ozone treatment, thin film treatment of various polymers such as silane coupling agents and urethane polymers in order to improve physical properties such as surface adhesion.
- the black matrix is formed on a transparent substrate using a metal thin film or a black matrix pigment dispersion.
- the black matrix using the metal thin film is formed of, for example, a chromium single layer or two layers of chromium and chromium oxide.
- a thin film of the metal or metal / metal oxide is formed on the transparent substrate by vapor deposition or sputtering.
- a photosensitive film is formed thereon, and then the photosensitive film is exposed and developed using a photomask having a repetitive pattern such as a stripe, a mosaic, and a triangle to form a resist image.
- the thin film is etched to form a black matrix.
- a black matrix is formed using a color filter composition containing a black color material as a color material.
- a black color material such as carbon black, graphite, iron black, aniline black, cyanine black, and titanium black, or red, green appropriately selected from inorganic or organic pigments and dyes
- a black matrix is formed in the same manner as the method for forming red, green, and blue pixel images described below, using a color filter composition containing a black color material mixed with blue or the like.
- a photomask is placed on this coating film. Through the photomask, a pixel image is formed by image exposure, development, and if necessary, heat curing or photocuring to produce a colored layer. This operation is carried out for each of the three color filter compositions of red, green and blue to form a color filter image.
- Application of the color filter composition can be performed by an application device such as a spinner, a wire bar, a flow coater, a die coater, a roll coater, or a spray.
- an application device such as a spinner, a wire bar, a flow coater, a die coater, a roll coater, or a spray.
- Drying after application may be performed using a hot plate, IR oven, convection oven or the like.
- the drying temperature is too high, the photopolymerization initiation system described later is decomposed and heat polymerization is likely to cause development failure.
- the drying time is usually 10 seconds to 10 minutes, preferably 30 seconds to 5 minutes. Also, prior to drying with heat, a drying method using reduced pressure can be applied.
- the film thickness of the coated film after drying that is, the film thickness of each pixel is usually 0.5 to 3.5 ⁇ m, preferably 1.0 to 3.0 ⁇ m. If the film thickness is too thick, the dispersion of the film thickness tends to increase, and if it is too thin, the pigment concentration increases and pixel formation becomes difficult.
- the light utilization efficiency of the backlight is particularly excellent, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the color filter. Thinning the color filter shortens and simplifies the manufacturing process, leading to improved productivity and lower prices, and can also save power consumption of the backlight when operated as a display panel. become.
- a thin image display device can be realized, it is particularly suitable for a mobile phone or the like in which the device itself is required to be thin.
- the composition for a color filter to be used uses a binder resin and an ethylenic compound in combination
- the binder resin is an acrylic resin having an ethylenic double bond and a carboxyl group in the side chain
- this material has very high sensitivity and high resolving power, it is preferable that an image can be formed by exposure and development without providing an oxygen barrier layer such as polyvinyl alcohol.
- An exposure light source that can be applied to image exposure is not particularly limited.
- a lamp light source such as a fluorescent lamp, or a laser light source such as an argon ion laser, a YAG laser, an excimer laser, a nitrogen laser, a helium cadmium laser, or a semiconductor laser is used.
- an optical filter can be used.
- an image can be formed on the substrate by developing with an organic solvent or an aqueous solution containing a surfactant and an alkali agent.
- This aqueous solution can further contain an organic solvent, a buffer, a dye or a pigment.
- the development processing method is not particularly limited, but methods such as immersion development, spray development, brush development and ultrasonic development are usually used at a development temperature of 10 to 50 ° C., preferably 15 to 45 ° C.
- alkali agents used for development include sodium silicate, potassium silicate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, tribasic sodium phosphate, dibasic sodium phosphate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, and sodium bicarbonate.
- organic amines such as trimethylamine, diethylamine, isopropylamine, n-butylamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, and tetraalkylammonium hydroxide. These can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- surfactant examples include nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl aryl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl esters, sorbitan alkyl esters, monoglyceride alkyl esters; and alkylbenzene sulfonic acids.
- Anionic surfactants such as salts, alkylnaphthalene sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, and sulfosuccinic acid ester salts; amphoteric surfactants such as alkylbetaines and amino acids can be used.
- organic solvent for example, isopropyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, phenyl cellosolve, propylene glycol, diacetone alcohol or the like can be used regardless of whether it is used alone or in combination with an aqueous solution.
- color filter composition used in the color image display device of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, the following can be used.
- color filter composition a composition in which a color material such as a pigment is dispersed in a photosensitive resin
- this color filter composition is obtained by dissolving or dispersing (a) a binder resin and / or (b) a monomer, (c) a coloring material, and (d) other components as a constituent component in a solvent.
- (meth) acryl represents “acryl or methacryl”, “acrylate or methacrylate”, and “acrylo or methacrylo”, respectively.
- Binder Resin When a binder resin is used alone, an appropriate one is appropriately selected in consideration of the target image formability and performance, the production method desired to be employed, and the like. When the binder resin is used in combination with a monomer described later, the binder resin is added for the purpose of modifying the color filter composition and improving the physical properties after photocuring. Therefore, in this case, a binder resin is appropriately selected according to the purpose of improving compatibility, film-forming property, developability, adhesion, and the like.
- binder resins examples include (meth) acrylic acid, (meth) acrylic acid ester, (meth) acrylamide, maleic acid, (meth) acrylonitrile, styrene, vinyl acetate, vinylidene chloride, maleimide and the like.
- the polymer examples include polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyamide, polyurethane, polyester, polyether, polyethylene terephthalate, acetyl cellulose, novolac resin, resol resin, polyvinyl phenol, and polyvinyl butyral.
- binder resins those containing a carboxyl group or a phenolic hydroxyl group in the side chain or main chain are preferable. If a resin having these functional groups is used, development with an alkaline solution becomes possible.
- resins having a carboxyl group such as acrylic acid homopolymers or copolymers, styrene / maleic anhydride resins, and novolak epoxy acrylate acid anhydride-modified resins that are highly alkaline developable.
- acrylic resins particularly preferred are homopolymers or copolymers (referred to herein as “acrylic resins”) containing (meth) acrylic acid or (meth) acrylic acid ester having a carboxyl group. That is, this acrylic resin is preferable in that it has excellent developability and transparency, and various copolymers can be obtained by selecting various monomers, so that the performance and production method can be easily controlled.
- acrylic resin examples include (meth) acrylic acid and / or succinic acid (2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl) ester, adipic acid (2-acryloyloxyethyl) ester, phthalic acid (2- (meta ) Acryloyloxyethyl) ester, hexahydrophthalic acid (2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl) ester, maleic acid (2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl) ester, succinic acid (2- (meth) acryloyl) Roxypropyl) ester, adipic acid (2- (meth) acryloyloxypropyl) ester, hexahydrophthalic acid (2- (meth) acryloyloxypropyl) ester, phthalic acid (2- (meth) acryloyloxypropyl) Ester, maleic acid (2- (meth) acryloyloxypropyl)
- a styrene monomer such as styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, vinyltoluene; cinnamic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid
- Unsaturated carboxylic acids such as methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth ) Acrylate, allyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, benzyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxyphenyl (meth) acrylate, Esters of (meth) acrylic acid such as methoxyphenyl (meth) acrylate; those obtained by adding lactones such as ⁇ -caprolactone, ⁇ -propiolactone,
- styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, benzyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxyphenyl (meth) acrylate, methoxyphenyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxyphenyl (meth) acrylamide, and hydroxyphenyl (meth) are used to increase the strength of the coating film.
- binder resins preferably have an ethylenic double bond in the side chain.
- a binder resin having a double bond in the side chain the photocurability of the obtained color filter composition is increased, so that the resolution and adhesion can be further improved.
- Examples of means for introducing an ethylenic double bond into the binder resin include the methods described in JP-B-50-34443 and JP-B-50-34444. That is, a method of reacting a carboxyl group of the resin with a compound having both a glycidyl group or an epoxycyclohexyl group and a (meth) acryloyl group, and a method of reacting an acrylic acid chloride with the hydroxyl group of the resin.
- glycidyl (meth) acrylate allyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl ⁇ -ethyl acrylate, crotonyl glycidyl ether, (iso) crotonic acid glycidyl ether, (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) methyl (meth) acrylate, (meth)
- a binder resin having an ethylenic double bond group in the side chain can be obtained.
- those obtained by reacting an alicyclic epoxy compound such as (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) methyl (meth) acrylate are preferable as the binder resin.
- the ethylenic group is added to 2 to 50 mol%, preferably 5 to 40 mol% of the carboxyl group or hydroxyl group of the binder resin. It is preferable to bind a compound having a double bond.
- binder resin A particularly preferred specific example of the binder resin will be described below.
- the carboxyl group-containing linear alkali-soluble resin is not particularly limited as long as it has a carboxyl group, and is usually obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable monomer containing a carboxyl group. Examples of such resins include those described in JP-A-2005-232432, paragraphs 0055 to 0066.
- a resin obtained by adding an epoxy group-containing unsaturated compound to the carboxyl group portion of the resin (a-2) A resin obtained by adding an epoxy group-containing unsaturated compound to the carboxyl group portion of the (a-2) carboxyl group-containing resin is particularly preferable.
- the epoxy group-containing unsaturated compound is not particularly limited as long as it has an ethylenically unsaturated group and an epoxy group in the molecule.
- glycidyl (meth) acrylate allyl glycidyl ether, glycidyl- ⁇ -ethyl acrylate, crotonyl glycidyl ether, (iso) crotonic acid glycidyl ether, N- (3,5-dimethyl-4-glycidyl) benzylacrylamide, 4-
- Acyclic epoxy group-containing unsaturated compounds such as hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate glycidyl ether can also be mentioned, but from the viewpoints of heat resistance and dispersibility of the pigment described later, alicyclic epoxy group-containing unsaturated compounds are used. preferable.
- the alicyclic epoxy group-containing unsaturated compound for example, 2,3-epoxycyclopentyl group, 3,4-epoxycyclohexyl group, 7,8-epoxy [tricyclo [5 .2.1.0] dec-2-yl] group and the like.
- the ethylenically unsaturated group is preferably derived from a (meth) acryloyl group.
- 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl (meth) acrylate is particularly preferable.
- examples of such a resin include resins described in paragraphs 0055 to 0066 of JP-A-2005-232432.
- binder resins are usually contained in the range of 10 to 80% by weight, preferably 20 to 70% by weight, based on the total solid content of the color filter composition.
- the monomer is not particularly limited as long as it is a polymerizable low molecular compound, but an addition-polymerizable compound having at least one ethylenic double bond (hereinafter referred to as “ethylenic compound”).
- ethylenic compound is a compound having an ethylenic double bond that undergoes addition polymerization and cures by the action of a photopolymerization initiation system described later when the composition for a color filter is irradiated with actinic rays.
- the monomer in this invention means the concept which opposes what is called a polymeric substance, and means the concept also containing a dimer, a trimer, and an oligomer other than the monomer of a narrow sense.
- the ethylenic compound examples include an unsaturated carboxylic acid, an ester of an unsaturated carboxylic acid and a monohydroxy compound, an ester of an aliphatic polyhydroxy compound and an unsaturated carboxylic acid, an aromatic polyhydroxy compound and an unsaturated carboxylic acid, Esters, polyisocyanate compounds and (meth) acryloyl obtained by esterification reaction with unsaturated carboxylic acid and polyvalent carboxylic acid and polyhydric hydroxy compounds such as aliphatic polyhydroxy compounds and aromatic polyhydroxy compounds described above Examples thereof include an ethylenic compound having a urethane skeleton obtained by reacting the containing hydroxy compound.
- Examples of the unsaturated carboxylic acid include (meth) acrylic acid, (anhydrous) maleic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, fumaric acid, 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl succinic acid, 2-acryloyloxyethyl adipic acid 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl phthalic acid, 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl hexahydrophthalic acid, 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl maleic acid, 2- (meth) acryloyloxypropyl succinic acid 2- (meth) acryloyloxypropyl adipic acid, 2- (meth) acryloyloxypropyl hydrophthalic acid, 2- (meth) acryloyloxypropyl phthalic acid, 2- (meth) acryloyloxypropyl maleic acid, 2- (meth) acryloyloxybutyl succinic
- (meth) acrylic acid and 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethyl succinic acid are preferable, and (meth) acrylic acid is more preferable. A plurality of these may be used.
- Esters of aliphatic polyhydroxy compounds and unsaturated carboxylic acids include ethylene glycol diacrylate, triethylene glycol diacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, trimethylol ethane triacrylate, pentaerythritol diacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, penta Acrylic esters such as erythritol tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol tetraacrylate, dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate, dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate, glycerol acrylate and the like can be mentioned.
- the acrylic acid part of these acrylates is a methacrylic acid ester replaced with a methacrylic acid part, an itaconic acid ester replaced with an itaconic acid part, a crotonic acid ester replaced with a crotonic acid part, or a maleic acid replaced with a maleic acid part
- esters include esters.
- ester of an aromatic polyhydroxy compound and an unsaturated carboxylic acid examples include hydroquinone diacrylate, hydroquinone dimethacrylate, resorcin diacrylate, resorcin dimethacrylate, pyrogallol triacrylate and the like.
- the ester obtained by the esterification reaction of an unsaturated carboxylic acid with a polyvalent carboxylic acid and a polyvalent hydroxy compound is not necessarily a single substance, but may be a mixture.
- Representative examples include condensates of acrylic acid, phthalic acid and ethylene glycol, condensates of acrylic acid, maleic acid and diethylene glycol, condensates of methacrylic acid, terephthalic acid and pentaerythritol, acrylic acid, adipic acid, butanediol and glycerin. And the like.
- Examples of ethylenic compounds having a urethane skeleton obtained by reacting a polyisocyanate compound with a (meth) acryloyl group-containing hydroxy compound include aliphatic diisocyanates such as hexamethylene diisocyanate and trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate; alicyclic rings such as cyclohexane diisocyanate and isophorone diisocyanate.
- diisocyanates aromatic diisocyanates such as tolylene diisocyanate and diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 3-hydroxy (1,1,1-triacryloyloxymethyl) propane, 3-hydroxy ( Reaction with (meth) acryloyl group-containing hydroxy compounds such as 1,1,1-trimethacryloyloxymethyl) propane And the like.
- ethylenic compound used in the present invention examples include acrylamides such as ethylene bisacrylamide; allyl esters such as diallyl phthalate; vinyl group-containing compounds such as divinyl phthalate.
- the blending ratio of these ethylenic compounds is usually 10 to 80% by weight, preferably 20 to 70% by weight, based on the total solid content of the color filter composition.
- (C) Coloring material In order to use the light from the backlight as efficiently as possible, the colorant is adjusted to the emission wavelength of the red, green, and blue backlights at the emission wavelength of the phosphor in each pixel. It is necessary to select the transmittance as high as possible and the transmittance at other emission wavelengths as low as possible.
- the present invention is characterized by high color reproducibility not particularly found in conventional LED backlights, special attention must be paid to the selection of color materials. That is, the following conditions must be satisfied so that the characteristics of the backlight having deep red and green emission wavelengths characteristic of the present invention are fully utilized.
- the green composition (green resist) constituting the green pixel will be described.
- various inorganic pigments can be used in addition to azo and phthalocyanine organic pigments. Specifically, for example, pigments having the following pigment numbers can be used.
- Green color material C.I. I. Pigment Green 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 26, 36, 45, 48, 50, 51, 54, 55, and brominated zinc phthalocyanine pigments.
- the above-mentioned yellow color material may be mixed with the green color material for fine color adjustment.
- green pixel satisfying the above conditions include, in particular, Pigment Green 36, Pigment Green 7 and / or brominated zinc phthalocyanine pigment as a green pigment, and JP-A-2007-25687 as a yellow pigment for toning. It is preferable to include any one or more of the described azo nickel complex yellow pigment, pigment yellow 138, and pigment yellow 139. As the brominated zinc phthalocyanine green pigment, Pigment Green 58 is preferable.
- Pigment Green 7 or brominated zinc phthalocyanine pigment is used instead of Pigment Green 36 from the viewpoint of transmittance. It is preferable to use it.
- brominated zinc phthalocyanine brominated zinc phthalocyanine containing 13 or more bromine atoms on average in one molecule is preferable because it exhibits high transmittance and is suitable for forming a green pixel of a color filter.
- pigments having the following pigment numbers can be used.
- Blue color material C.I. I. Pigment Blue 1, 1: 2, 9, 14, 15, 15: 1, 15: 2, 15: 3, 15: 4, 15: 6, 16, 17, 19, 25, 27, 28, 29, 33, 35, 36, 56, 56: 1, 60, 61, 61: 1, 62, 63, 66, 67, 68, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 79.
- Orange material C.I. I. Pigment Orange 1, 2, 5, 13, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 34, 36, 38, 39, 43, 46, 48, 49, 61, 62, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79.
- Brown color material C.I. I. Pigment Brown 1, 6, 11, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45.
- azo dyes include C.I. I. Acid Yellow 11, C.I. I. Acid Orange 7, C.I. I. Acid Red 37, C.I. I. Acid Red 180, C.I. I. Acid Blue 29, C.I. I. Direct Red 28, C.I. I. Direct Red 83, C.I. I. Direct Yellow 12, C.I. I. Direct Orange 26, C.I. I. Direct Green 28, C.I. I. Direct Green 59, C.I. I. Reactive Yellow 2, C.I. I. Reactive Red 17, C.I. I. Reactive Red 120, C.I. I. Reactive Black 5, C.I. I. Disperse Orange 5, C.I. I. Disperse thread 58, C.I. I. Disperse blue 165, C.I. I. Basic Blue 41, C.I. I. Basic Red 18, C.I. I. Molded Red 7, C.I. I. Moldant Yellow 5, C.I. I. Examples thereof include Moldant Black 7.
- phthalocyanine dyes include C.I. I. Pad Blue 5 and the like are quinone imine dyes such as C.I. I. Basic Blue 3, C.I. I. Basic Blue 9 and the like are quinoline dyes such as C.I. I. Solvent Yellow 33, C.I. I. Acid Yellow 3, C.I. I. Disperse Yellow 64 and the like are nitro dyes such as C.I. I. Acid Yellow 1, C.I. I. Acid Orange 3, C.I. I. Disperse Yellow 42 and the like.
- inorganic color materials such as barium sulfate, lead sulfate, titanium oxide, yellow lead, red iron oxide, chromium oxide, and carbon black are used.
- these color materials are used after being dispersed to have an average particle size of 1.0 ⁇ m or less, preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or less.
- color materials are usually contained in the range of 5 to 60% by weight, preferably 10 to 50% by weight, based on the total solid content of the color filter composition.
- the color filter composition may further include a photopolymerization initiation system, a thermal polymerization inhibitor, a plasticizer, a storage stabilizer, a surface protective agent, a smoothing agent, a coating aid, and other additives as necessary. Can be added.
- (D-1) Photopolymerization initiation system
- the color filter composition contains an ethylenic compound as the monomer (b)
- it directly absorbs light or is photosensitized to undergo a decomposition reaction or a hydrogen abstraction reaction.
- a photopolymerization initiating system having a function of generating and generating a polymerization active radical is required.
- the photopolymerization initiation system is a system in which an addition agent such as an accelerator is used in combination with the polymerization initiator.
- an addition agent such as an accelerator
- the polymerization initiator include metallocene compounds including titanocene compounds described in JP-A Nos. 59-152396 and 61-151197, and 2- (described in JP-A-10-39503).
- Hexarylbiimidazole derivatives such as 2′-chlorophenyl) -4,5-diphenylimidazole, halomethyl-s-triazine derivatives, N-aryl- ⁇ -amino acids such as N-phenylglycine, N-aryl- ⁇ -amino acid salts And radical activators such as N-aryl- ⁇ -amino acid esters.
- the accelerator include N, N-dialkylaminobenzoic acid alkyl esters such as N, N-dimethylaminobenzoic acid ethyl ester, complex such as 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-mercaptobenzoxazole, and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole.
- a mercapto compound having a ring or an aliphatic polyfunctional mercapto compound is used.
- a plurality of types of polymerization initiators and additives may be combined.
- the blending ratio of the photopolymerization initiation system is usually 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 20% by weight, more preferably 0.7 to 10% by weight in the total solid content of the color filter composition of the present invention. %.
- sensitivity is lowered.
- solubility of the unexposed portion in the developer is lowered, and development failure tends to be induced.
- thermal polymerization inhibitor for example, hydroquinone, p-methoxyphenol, pyrogallol, catechol, 2,6-t-butyl-p-cresol, ⁇ -naphthol and the like are used.
- the blending amount of the thermal polymerization inhibitor is preferably in the range of 0 to 3% by weight with respect to the total solid content of the color filter composition of the present invention.
- sensitizing dyes examples include xanthene dyes described in JP-A-4-221958 and JP-A-4-219756, and heterocyclic rings described in JP-A-3-239703, JP-A-5-289335.
- amino group-containing sensitizing dyes preferred are amino group-containing sensitizing dyes, and more preferred are compounds having an amino group and a phenyl group in the same molecule.
- the color filter composition may be used by dissolving in a solvent in order to dissolve additives such as viscosity adjustment and photopolymerization initiation system.
- the solvent may be appropriately selected according to the constituents of the composition such as (a) a binder resin or (b) a monomer, such as diisopropyl ether, mineral spirit, n-pentane, amyl ether, ethyl caprylate, n-hexane, diethyl ether, isoprene, ethyl isobutyl ether, butyl stearate, n-octane, valsol # 2, apco # 18 solvent, diisobutylene, amyl acetate, butyl acetate, apcocinner, butyl ether, diisobutyl ketone, methylcyclohexene, Methyl nonyl ketone, propyl ether, dodecane, soak solvent No.
- a binder resin such as a monomer, such as diisopropyl ether, mineral spirit, n-pentane, amyl
- the solid content concentration in the color filter composition is appropriately selected according to the application method to be applied.
- the range of 1 to 40% by weight, preferably 5 to 30% by weight is appropriate.
- the combination of solvents is selected in consideration of pigment dispersion stability, solubility in soluble components such as resins, monomers, and photopolymerization initiators, drying during application, and drying in a vacuum drying process. Is done.
- the color filter composition using the above-described blending components is produced, for example, as follows.
- the color material is dispersed and adjusted to the ink state.
- the dispersion treatment is performed using a paint conditioner, a sand grinder, a ball mill, a roll mill, a stone mill, a jet mill, a homogenizer, or the like. Since the color material is finely divided by the dispersion treatment, the transmittance of transmitted light is improved and the coating characteristics are improved.
- the dispersion treatment is preferably performed in a system in which a colorant and a solvent are appropriately combined with a binder resin having a dispersing function, a dispersant such as a surfactant, a dispersion aid, and the like.
- a dispersant such as a surfactant, a dispersion aid, and the like.
- the dispersion treatment when the dispersion treatment is performed using a sand grinder, it is preferable to use glass beads or zirconia beads having a diameter of 0.05 to several millimeters.
- the temperature during the dispersion treatment is usually set in the range of 0 ° C. to 100 ° C., preferably room temperature to 80 ° C.
- the dispersion time is appropriately adjusted because the appropriate time varies depending on the composition of the ink (coloring material, solvent, dispersant) and the device specifications of the sand grinder.
- the colored ink obtained by the dispersion treatment is mixed with a binder resin, a monomer, a photopolymerization initiation system, and the like to obtain a uniform solution.
- a binder resin a monomer, a photopolymerization initiation system, and the like.
- the color image display device preferably has an absorption portion containing an absorber that absorbs ultraviolet to near ultraviolet light emitted from the semiconductor light emitting device. It may be provided in a panel portion that displays an image, or may be provided in a backlight.
- the absorption part is formed between the light diffusion sheet 3 and the polarizing plate 4, between the polarizing plate 4 and the glass substrate 5, and between the glass substrate 8 and the polarizing plate 10. It can arrange
- an absorption part is light-control between light source 1 and light guide 11, between light guide 11 and light control sheet 13, for example. It can arrange
- the color image display device with the absorbing portion, it is possible to suppress the influence of ultraviolet to near-ultraviolet light on various members and observers constituting the color image display device.
- the position where the absorption portion is provided is arbitrary, but from the viewpoint of suppressing the influence on the members constituting the color image display device, the absorption portion is formed from the semiconductor light emitting device. It is preferable to provide as close to the semiconductor light emitting device as possible in the light traveling direction.
- the absorbent contained in the absorber will be described in detail.
- the absorbent used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has an action of absorbing ultraviolet to near ultraviolet light.
- benzophenone series such as o-hydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone; 2- (2′-hydroxyphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2′- Hydroxy-5′-t-octylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2′-hydroxy-3′-t-butyl-5′-methylphenyl) -5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2- (2′-hydroxy-5) Benzotriazoles such as' -methylphenyl) benzotriazole; cyanoacrylates such as ethyl-2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl acrylate, 5-ethylhexyl-2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl acrylate; phenylsulcylate
- the absorbent has good transparency because it can be used by dissolving in the resin.
- the inorganic absorber can obtain the absorption part excellent in transparency by using dispersed particles having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less.
- These absorbents can adjust the ultraviolet shielding effect by adjusting the amount added to the resin.
- examples of the absorbent that shields ultraviolet rays of 350 nm or less include benzophenone-based and zinc oxide, and may be used alone or in combination of two or more thereof.
- absorbers By using these absorbers, light having a wavelength of 350 nm or less can be substantially blocked, but further, deterioration of an organic compound such as a binder resin is prevented, and durability of the color image display device is improved.
- the absorbent is usually used by mixing with an appropriate resin.
- the resin to be used include thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins, and photocurable resins.
- acrylic resins such as polymethylmethacrylate
- styrene resins such as polystyrene and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers
- polycarbonate resins polyester resins
- phenoxy resins butyral resins
- polyvinyl alcohol ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate And cellulose resins such as cellulose acetate butyrate
- epoxy resins phenol resins, silicone resins, and the like.
- epoxy resin, butyral resin, polyvinyl alcohol, and the like are preferable from the viewpoint of transparency, heat resistance, light fastness, and the like.
- Example I group Production of light emitting device and color image display device
- part represents “part by weight”.
- the obtained phosphors were washed with pure water and acetone, respectively, and dried at 100 ° C. for 1 hour. From the X-ray diffraction pattern of the obtained phosphor, it was confirmed that K 2 TiF 6 : Mn was synthesized.
- the sample (295 g) obtained above and Si 3 N 4 (45 g) as a raw material compound were sufficiently stirred and mixed, and then filled in an alumina mortar as primary firing, and this was 96% by volume of nitrogen under atmospheric pressure.
- the mixture was heated to 1200 ° C. under a flow of 0.5 L / min of 4% by volume of hydrogen, held at that temperature for 5 hours, and then allowed to cool to room temperature.
- the obtained fired powder was pulverized on an alumina mortar until it became 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the alumina mortar After sufficiently stirring and mixing 300 g of the calcined powder obtained by the primary firing and BaF 2 (6 g) and BaHPO 4 (6 g), which are fluxes, the alumina mortar is filled and subjected to nitrogen 96 at atmospheric pressure as secondary firing. The mixture was heated to 1350 ° C. under a flow of 0.5 L / min of a mixed gas of 4% by volume of hydrogen and kept at that temperature for 8 hours, and then allowed to cool to room temperature. The obtained fired powder was pulverized on an alumina mortar until it became 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the sample (70 g) obtained by the above secondary firing, BaCl 2 (5.6 g), which is a flux, and BaHPO 4 (3.5 g) are sufficiently stirred and mixed, and then filled into an alumina mortar, followed by tertiary firing. And heated to 1200 ° C. under a flow of 0.5 L / min of a mixed gas of 96% by volume of nitrogen and 4% by volume of hydrogen under atmospheric pressure, kept at that temperature for 5 hours, and then allowed to cool to room temperature.
- the obtained fired powder was slurried and dispersed using glass beads, sieved to 100 ⁇ m or less, washed, and surface coated with a calcium phosphate salt using a calcium solution and a phosphate solution.
- the obtained fired powder was crushed, passed through a sieve, washed, and then dried to obtain a phosphor powder. It was found by powder X-ray diffraction measurement that the synthesized powder was a single-phase Eu-activated ⁇ sialon phosphor.
- alumina crucibles were doubled, beaded graphite was placed in the space around the inner crucible, and fired in air at 1550 ° C. for 2 hours. The obtained fired product was crushed to obtain a green phosphor (GBAM).
- GBAM green phosphor
- Synthesis Example I-7 Blue phosphor Sr 10 (PO 4 ) 6 Cl 2 : Eu (hereinafter also referred to as “SCA”) SrCO 3 (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.) 0.2 mol, SrHPO 4 (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.) 0.605 mol, Eu 2 O 3 (purity 99.99%, Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) 0.050 mol, and SrCl 2 ( (Made by Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.) 0.1 mol was weighed and dry-mixed with a small V-type blender. The obtained raw material mixture was filled in an alumina crucible and set in a box-type electric furnace.
- the obtained calcined mass was coarsely pulverized to a particle size of about 5 mm and then treated with a ball mill for 6 hours to obtain a phosphor slurry.
- the phosphor slurry is stirred and mixed in a large amount of water, allowed to stand until the phosphor particles settle, and then the supernatant liquid is discarded.
- the electrical conductivity of the supernatant liquid is 3 mS / m. Repeat until: After confirming that the electrical conductivity of the supernatant was 3 mS / m or less, the fine particles and coarse particles of the phosphor were removed by classification.
- the phosphor (SCA): Sr 10 (PO 4 ) 6 Cl 2 : Eu was obtained by drying at 150 ° C. for 10 hours.
- the emission peak wavelength was 450 nm
- the half width was 29 nm.
- the temperature characteristics are measured using an Otsuka Electronics MCPD7000 multi-channel spectrum measurement device as an emission spectrum measurement device, a color luminance meter BM5A as a luminance measurement device, a stage equipped with a cooling mechanism using a Peltier element and a heating mechanism using a heater, and a 150 W xenon lamp as a light source. The following procedure was used.
- the cell containing the phosphor sample was placed on the stage, the temperature was changed from 25 ° C. to 150 ° C., the surface temperature of the phosphor was confirmed, and then the wavelength of 400 nm or 455 nm extracted from the light source with a diffraction grating.
- the phosphor was excited with the light of and the emission spectrum was measured. From the measured emission spectrum, the emission peak intensity at 25 ° C. and the emission peak intensity at 100 ° C. were obtained, and the change rate (%) of the emission peak intensity was obtained from the following formula [A].
- Production Example I-1 Production of Backlight 1 (BL-1) A light emitting device is produced by the following procedure.
- a blue light emitting diode with a peak emission wavelength of 454 nm is die bonded to the bottom of the cup of the frame, and then the light emitting diode and the electrode of the frame are connected by wire bonding.
- BSON is used as a phosphor emitting a green band
- KTF is used as a phosphor emitting a red band.
- a wedge-shaped cyclic polyolefin resin plate having a size of 289.6 ⁇ 216.8 mm as a light guide, a thickness of 2.0 mm, a thickness of 0.6 mm, and a thickness changing in the short side direction ( "Zeonor” manufactured by ZEON Co., Ltd.) is used, a semiconductor light-emitting device (light source) consisting of the above-mentioned light-emitting diode is arranged on the long side of the thick side, and the thick side (light incident surface) of the light guide The outgoing light source from the linear light source is efficiently incident.
- a fine circular pattern having a rough surface On the surface facing the light emitting surface of the light guide, a fine circular pattern having a rough surface, the diameter of which gradually increases with distance from the linear light source, is transferred from the mold and patterned.
- the diameter of the rough surface pattern is 130 ⁇ m in the vicinity of the light source, gradually increases as the distance from the light source increases, and is 230 ⁇ m at the farthest distance.
- a mold used for forming a fine circular pattern having a rough surface is obtained by laminating a dry film resist having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m on a SUS substrate, forming an opening at a portion corresponding to the pattern by photolithography, and The mold is obtained by uniformly blasting the mold with a # 600 spherical glass bead at a projection pressure of 0.3 MPa by sandblasting and then peeling off the dry film resist.
- the light guide is provided with a triangular prism array having an apex angle of 90 ° and a pitch of 50 ⁇ m on its light exit surface so that the ridge line is substantially perpendicular to the light incident surface of the light guide.
- a mold used for forming a condensing element array composed of a triangular prism array is obtained by machining a stainless steel substrate subjected to M nickel electroless plating with a single crystal diamond bite.
- a light reflecting sheet (“Lumirror E60L” manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.) is disposed on the side of the light guide that faces the light emitting surface, and a light diffusion sheet is disposed on the light emitting surface. Further, on this light diffusion sheet, a sheet (“BEFIII” manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd.) on which a triangular prism array having an apex angle of 90 ° and a pitch of 50 ⁇ m is formed is stacked so that the ridge lines of each prism sheet are orthogonal to each other. To obtain backlight 1 (BL-1).
- the backlight 1 (BL-1) obtained as described above has emission wavelength peaks one by one in the wavelength regions of 455 m, 529 nm, and 631 nm.
- Production Example I-2 Production of Backlight 2 (BL-2) Production in Production Example I-1, except that ⁇ -SiAlON was used instead of BSON as the phosphor emitting the green band.
- Backlight 2 (BL-2) is produced in the same manner as in Example I-1.
- the backlight 2 has one emission wavelength peak in each of the wavelength regions of 455 nm, 542 nm, and 631 nm.
- Production Example I-3 Production of Backlight 3 (BL-3) In Production Example I-1, except that BaTiF 6 : Mn was used instead of KTF as a phosphor emitting a red band.
- a backlight 3 (BL-3) is produced in the same manner as in Production Example I-1.
- BaTiF 6 : Mn is a phosphor described in US 2006/0169998 A1, and its emission spectrum is described in the same document. As can be seen from this document, the backlight 3 has one emission wavelength peak in each of the wavelength regions of 455 m, 529 nm, and 631 nm.
- Production Example I-4 Production of Backlight 4 (BL-4) Production in Production Example I-1, except that ⁇ -SiAlON was used instead of BSON as the phosphor emitting the green band.
- Backlight 4 (BL-4) is produced in the same manner as in Example I-3.
- the backlight 4 has one emission wavelength peak in each of the wavelength regions of 456 nm, 542 nm, and 631 nm.
- Production Example I-5 Production of Conventional Backlight 5 (BL-5) for Comparative Example A light-emitting device is produced by the following procedure.
- a blue light emitting diode having a peak emission wavelength of 460 nm is die-bonded to the bottom of the cup of the frame, and then the light emitting diode and the electrode of the frame are connected by wire bonding.
- Y 2.8 Tb 0.1 Ce 0.1 Al 5 O 12 was synthesized according to the method described in Example 1 of JP-A-2006-265542, Use. These are kneaded with an epoxy resin to form a paste, which is applied to the light emitting diode in the cup and cured. Thereafter, the conventional backlight 5 for the comparative example is obtained using the same method as in Production Example I-1.
- KSF produced in Synthesis Example I-5, GBAM produced in Synthesis Example I-6, and SCA phosphor produced in Synthesis Example I-7 were used as a binder resin.
- the resin (SCR1011) and the amount of Aerosil (RX200) manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd. are weighed in the blending amounts shown in Table 11, and mixed with the stirring deaerator AR-100 manufactured by Shinky Co., thereby obtaining a phosphor-containing composition. It was.
- a backlight 7 (BL-7) is produced in the same manner as in Production Example I-6 except that the amounts of phosphor, silicone resin and aerosil used are changed as shown in Table 11.
- Production Example I-8 Production of Backlight 8 (BL-8) Production Example I-6 except that the usage amounts of each phosphor, silicone resin and Aerosil were changed as shown in Table 11.
- a backlight 8 (BL-8) is manufactured.
- Production Example I-9 Production of Backlight 9 for Comparative Example (BL-9) As a red phosphor to be used, the emission peak wavelength was changed to CASN 660 having a long wavelength and a wide half-value width.
- a backlight 9 (BL-9) is produced in the same manner as in Production Example I-6 except that the usage amounts of the phosphor, silicone resin and Aerosil are changed as shown in Table I1.
- Binder resin A 55 parts by weight of benzyl methacrylate, 45 parts by weight of methacrylic acid, and 150 parts by weight of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate are put into a 500 ml separable flask, and the inside of the flask is sufficiently substituted with nitrogen. Thereafter, 6 parts by weight of 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile is added and stirred at 80 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a polymer solution.
- the weight average molecular weight of the synthesized polymer is 8000, and the acid value is 176 mgKOH / g.
- reaction vessel is changed to air substitution, 27 parts by weight of acrylic acid, 0.7 parts by weight of trisdimethylaminomethylphenol and 0.12 parts by weight of hydroquinone are added, and the reaction is continued at 120 ° C. for 6 hours. Thereafter, 52 parts by weight of tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (THPA) and 0.7 parts by weight of triethylamine are added and reacted at 120 ° C. for 3.5 hours.
- THPA tetrahydrophthalic anhydride
- the weight average molecular weight Mw of the polymer thus obtained is about 8000.
- Production Example I-12 Production of Clear Resist Solution Each component shown below is prepared in the following proportions, and stirred with a stirrer until each component is completely dissolved to obtain a resist solution.
- Binder resin B produced in Production Example I-11 2.0 parts, Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate: 1.0 part, Photopolymerization initiation system, 2- (2′-chlorophenyl) -4,5-diphenylimidazole: 0.06 part, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole: 0.02 part, 4,4′-bis (diethylamino) benzophenone: 0.04 part, Solvent (propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate): 9.36 parts, Surfactant (“F-475” manufactured by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals, Inc.): 0.0003 part.
- Production of Color Filter [5-1] Production Example I-13: Red Pixel Production for Examples I-1 to 10 and Comparative Examples I-1 to 4 75 parts of propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, red pigment pigment 16.7 parts of Red (hereinafter referred to as “PR”) 254, 4.2 parts of acrylic dispersant “DB2000” manufactured by Big Chemie, and 5.6 parts of binder resin A manufactured in Production Example I-10 were mixed. Then, a mill base having a solid content of 25% by weight is prepared by stirring with a stirrer for 3 hours.
- the mill base was subjected to dispersion treatment using 600 parts of 0.5 mm ⁇ fuzirconia beads in a bead mill apparatus with a peripheral speed of 10 m / s and a residence time of 3 hours. R. 254 dispersion ink is obtained.
- the pigment is P.I. R. 177 except for the change to P.177.
- R. A mill base was prepared with the same composition as that of H.254, and subjected to a dispersion treatment for 3 hours under the same dispersion conditions with a residence time. R. 177 dispersion ink is obtained.
- the dispersion ink obtained as described above and the resist solution obtained in Production Example I-12 were mixed and stirred at a blending ratio shown in Table I2 below so that the final solid content concentration was 25% by weight.
- a solvent propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate is added to obtain a red color filter composition.
- the color filter composition thus obtained is applied onto a 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm glass substrate (“AN635” manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) using a spin coater and dried.
- the entire surface of the substrate is irradiated with ultraviolet rays having an exposure amount of 100 mJ / cm 2 , developed with an alkali developer, and post-baked in an oven at 230 ° C. for 30 minutes to prepare a red pixel sample for measurement.
- the thickness of the red pixel after fabrication is set to 2.5 ⁇ m.
- Production Example I-14 Green Pixel Production for Examples I-1 to I-10 and Comparative Examples I-1 to I-4 Pigment Green (hereinafter referred to as “PG”) 36 was changed. Except for the above, P. of Production Example I-13 was changed.
- P.I. G. 7 Disperse ink is obtained.
- a dispersion ink of an azo nickel complex yellow pigment described in JP-A-2007-25687 is obtained in the same manner as described in Preparation Example I-13.
- a mill base was prepared with the same composition as above except that the pigment was changed to brominated zinc phthalocyanine and the dispersant was changed to Big Chemie's acrylic dispersant “LPN6919”, and retained under the same dispersion conditions. Dispersion treatment is performed for 3 hours to obtain a dispersed ink of brominated zinc phthalocyanine.
- the brominated zinc phthalocyanine pigment was synthesized by the method shown in [5-2-1] below. [5-2-1] Synthesis example of brominated zinc phthalocyanine Zinc phthalocyanine was produced using phthalodinitrile and zinc chloride as raw materials. This 1-chloronaphthalene solution had light absorption at 600 to 700 nm.
- Halogenation was performed by mixing 3.1 parts of sulfuryl chloride, 3.7 parts of anhydrous aluminum chloride, 0.46 parts of sodium chloride, and 1 part of zinc phthalocyanine at 40 ° C., and dropping 4.4 parts of bromine. The mixture was reacted at 80 ° C. for 15 hours, and then the reaction mixture was poured into water to precipitate a brominated zinc phthalocyanine crude pigment. This aqueous slurry was filtered, washed with hot water at 80 ° C., and dried at 90 ° C. to obtain 3.0 parts of a purified brominated zinc phthalocyanine crude pigment.
- the obtained brominated zinc phthalocyanine pigment had an average composition of ZnPcBr 14 Cl 2 (Pc: phthalocyanine) based on a halogen content analysis by mass spectrometry, and contained an average of 14 bromines in one molecule.
- the average primary particle diameter measured with a transmission electron microscope (H-9000UHR manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) was 0.023 ⁇ m.
- the average primary particle diameter of the pigment is determined by dispersing the pigment ultrasonically in chloroform, dropping it onto a mesh with a collodion film, drying it, and observing the primary particle image of the pigment by observation with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). From this image, the primary particle size was measured to determine the average particle size.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the dispersion ink obtained as described above and the resist solution produced in Production Example I-12 were mixed and stirred at the blending ratio shown in Table 13 below so that the final solid content concentration was 25% by weight.
- a solvent propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate is added to obtain a green color filter composition.
- the color filter composition thus obtained is applied onto a 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm glass substrate (“AN635” manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) with a spin coater and dried.
- the entire surface of the substrate is irradiated with ultraviolet rays having an exposure amount of 100 mJ / cm 2 , developed with an alkaline developer, and post-baked in an oven at 230 ° C. for 30 minutes to prepare a green pixel sample for measurement.
- the film thickness of the green pixel after fabrication is set to 2.5 ⁇ m.
- Production Example I-15 Blue Pixel Production for Examples I-1 to 10 and Comparative Examples I-1 to 4 G. Except for changing to 15: 6, P.I. R. A mill base was prepared with the same composition as that of H.254 and subjected to dispersion treatment under the same dispersion conditions with a residence time of 1 hour. G. A 15: 6 dispersion ink is obtained.
- P.I. R. A mill base was prepared with the same composition as in Example 1, and subjected to dispersion treatment under the same dispersion conditions with a residence time of 2 hours. V. 23 dispersion inks are obtained. P.P. G. 36 dispersion inks are obtained in the same manner as described in Preparation Example I-14 above.
- the dispersion ink obtained as described above and the resist solution produced in Production Example I-12 were mixed and stirred at the blending ratio shown in Table 14 so that the final solid content concentration was 25% by weight.
- a solvent propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate is added to obtain a blue color filter composition.
- the color filter composition thus obtained is applied onto a 10 cm ⁇ 10 cm glass substrate (“AN100” manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) with a spin coater and dried.
- the entire surface of the substrate is irradiated with ultraviolet rays having an exposure amount of 100 mJ / cm 2 , developed with an alkali developer, and post-baked in an oven at 230 ° C. for 30 minutes to prepare a blue pixel sample for measurement.
- the film thickness of the blue pixel after fabrication is set to 2.5 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 10 shows the result of calculating the transmittance spectrum of each of the red pixel sample, the green pixel sample, and the blue pixel sample for the color filters for Examples I-1, 3, 5, and 7.
- the color filters for Examples I-2, 4, 6, 8 to 10 and Comparative Example I-3, 4 the result of calculating the transmittance spectrum of each of the red pixel sample, the green pixel sample, and the blue pixel sample is shown. As shown in FIG.
- Color image display device [6-1] Examples I-1 to 10 and Comparative examples I-1 to I-4 A combination of the backlights (BL-1 to BL-9) shown in Production Examples I-1 to 9 and the color filters for Examples I-1 to 10 and Comparative Examples I-1 to I-4 -1 to 10 and Comparative Example I-1 to 4 color image display devices. For these color image display devices, chromaticity (x, y, Y) was measured, and color reproducibility (NTSC ratio) and brightness (color temperature) were also determined. Here, the Y value corresponds to the utilization efficiency of light emission from the backlight. The results are shown in Table 15 (a) and Table 15 (b).
- the white Y value in Table 15 (a) and Table 15 (b) represents the utilization efficiency of the backlight light as the entire color image display device.
- Table 15 (a) and Table 15 (b) when a color image display device having a high color reproduction range of 85% NTSC ratio exceeding the EBU standard (72% NTSC ratio) is designed, the conventional backlight uses Y. Whereas the values are significantly reduced, higher Y values can be achieved using the technique of the present invention. That is, higher luminance can be obtained with low power consumption.
- the color filter film thickness is too thick (> 10 ⁇ m) with conventional backlights, and the NTSC ratio exceeding Adobe-RGB (NTSC ratio 94%), which could not be achieved because the platemaking performance was not obtained, is This can be achieved by using the technology of the invention.
- the coating film of each color filter composition prepared in Production Example I-9 to 11 was exposed and developed at 100 mJ / cm 2 using a test pattern mask, good patterns were obtained in all samples. It was confirmed that In addition, the film thickness after drying of the color filter composition of each color actually produced was 2.50 ⁇ m.
- the emission spectrum was measured at room temperature (25 ° C.) using a 150 W xenon lamp as an excitation light source and a fluorescence measuring apparatus (manufactured by JASCO Corporation) equipped with a multi-channel CCD detector C7041 (manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics) as a spectrum measuring apparatus. did. More specifically, the light from the excitation light source was passed through a diffraction grating spectrometer having a focal length of 10 cm, and only the excitation light having a wavelength of 455 nm or less was irradiated to the phosphor through the optical fiber.
- the light generated from the phosphor by the irradiation of the excitation light is dispersed by a diffraction grating spectroscope having a focal length of 25 cm, and the emission peak intensity of each wavelength is measured by a spectrum measuring device in a wavelength range of 300 nm to 800 nm.
- An emission spectrum was obtained through signal processing such as sensitivity correction.
- the slit width of the light-receiving side spectroscope was set to 1 nm.
- the relative luminance is a range obtained by removing the excitation wavelength range from the emission spectrum in the visible range obtained by the above-described method, and similarly, from the stimulus value Y calculated in accordance with JIS Z8724 in the XYZ color system, excitation at a wavelength of 455 nm.
- Stimulus values obtained in the same manner as the emission spectrum obtained by exciting the yellow phosphor Y 3 Al 5 O 12 : Ce (product number: P46-Y3) manufactured by Kasei Optonics Co., Ltd. with light. It was calculated as a relative value (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “luminance”) with the value of Y being 100%.
- the excitation spectrum was measured at room temperature (25 ° C.) using a fluorescence spectrophotometer F-4500 manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. More specifically, the red emission peak at 631 nm was monitored to obtain an excitation spectrum in the wavelength range of 300 nm to 550 nm.
- ⁇ Particle size ⁇ ⁇ Weight median diameter D 50 and particle size distribution> The particle size distribution of the phosphor was measured with a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring apparatus LA-300 manufactured by Horiba. Before measurement, use ethanol as the dispersion solvent, disperse the phosphor, adjust the initial transmittance on the optical axis to about 90%, and influence the aggregation while stirring the dispersion solvent with a magnet rotor. Measurements were taken with a minimum.
- the weight-average median diameter D 50 was determined as described above, the integrated value of the particle size distribution (corresponding to a weight-based particle size distribution curve.) was calculated as the particle size value when the 50%.
- the specific surface area was measured by a nitrogen adsorption BET one-point method (using a fully automatic specific surface area measuring device (flow method) AMS1000A manufactured by Okura Riken Co., Ltd.).
- ⁇ Analysis of chemical composition ⁇ SEM-EDX method>
- the chemical composition analysis of the Mn concentration contained in the phosphor is performed by using SEM (S-3400N) manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd., and energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX) EX-250 x-act manufactured by Horiba, Ltd. was measured by the SEM-EDX method.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the phosphor is irradiated with an electron beam at an accelerating voltage of 20 kV, and elemental analysis is performed by detecting characteristic X-rays emitted from each element contained in the phosphor. went.
- An Xe lamp was attached to the light collecting device as a light source for exciting the phosphor sample.
- adjustment was performed using a filter, a monochromator (diffraction grating spectrometer), or the like so that the emission peak wavelength of the emission source was monochromatic light of 455 nm.
- the light from the light emission source whose emission peak wavelength was adjusted was irradiated onto the phosphor sample to be measured, and the spectrum including light emission (fluorescence) and reflected light was measured with a spectrometer (MCPD7000 manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.).
- the absorption efficiency ⁇ q was calculated as a value obtained by dividing the number of photons N abs of excitation light absorbed by the phosphor sample by the total number of photons N of excitation light. The specific calculation procedure is as follows.
- the total photon number N of the latter excitation light was obtained as follows. That is, a white reflector such as a “Spectralon” manufactured by Labsphere (having a reflectivity R of 98% for 455 nm excitation light) such as a material having a reflectivity R of almost 100% with respect to the excitation light is measured.
- the sample was attached to the above-described light collecting device in the same arrangement as the phosphor sample, and the reflection spectrum was measured using the spectrometer (this reflection spectrum is hereinafter referred to as “I ref ( ⁇ )”).
- the numerical value represented by the following (formula II) was calculated
- the integration interval in the above (formula II) is the same as the integration interval defined in the above (formula I).
- the numerical value obtained by the following (formula II) is proportional to the number of photons Nabs of the excitation light absorbed by the phosphor sample.
- the internal quantum efficiency ⁇ i was calculated as a value obtained by dividing the number of photons N PL derived from the fluorescence phenomenon by the number of photons N abs absorbed by the phosphor sample.
- a numerical value represented by the following formula (III) was determined from the above I ( ⁇ ).
- the lower limit of the integration interval of (Formula III) was set to 466 nm to 780 nm.
- the numerical value calculated by the following (formula III) is The number of photons derived from the fluorescence phenomenon is proportional to NPL .
- Powder X-ray diffraction was precisely measured with a powder X-ray diffractometer X'Pert manufactured by PANalytical.
- K 2 MnF 6 [Synthesis of K 2 MnF 6 ] ⁇ Synthesis Example II-1> K 2 MnF 6 can be obtained by the reaction formula shown below.
- KF powder or KHF 2 powder was dissolved in hydrofluoric acid (47.3% by weight), and then KMnO 4 powder was dissolved in this solution. While the solution was stirred, hydrogen peroxide solution was added dropwise to obtain a yellow precipitate when the molar ratio of KMnO 4 and H 2 O 2 reached 1.5. The precipitate was washed with acetone and dried at 130 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain K 2 MnF 6 .
- K 2 MnF 6 synthesized as described above was used.
- Example II-1-1 K 2 SiF 6 (1.77783 g) and K 2 MnF 6 (0.2217 g) are used as the raw material compounds so that the raw material composition of each phosphor becomes K 2 Si 0.9 Mn 0.1 F 6. Under atmospheric pressure and room temperature, it was dissolved in 70 ml of hydrofluoric acid (47.3% by weight) with stirring. After all the raw material compounds were dissolved, 70 ml of acetone was added at a rate of 240 ml / hr while stirring the solution to precipitate the phosphor in a poor solvent. Each of the obtained phosphors was washed with ethanol and dried at 130 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain 1.7 g of the phosphor.
- the excitation spectrum and emission spectrum of the obtained phosphor are shown in FIG. From the excitation spectrum, the excitation peak is in the range of 450 to 460 nm, and it can be seen that the excitation light from the blue LED chip can be efficiently absorbed.
- the emission peak of the phosphor obtained in this example the main emission peak wavelength is 631 nm, and a narrow band red with a half-value width of 6 nm is shown. Therefore, the fluorescent characteristic suitable for the purpose of the present invention is obtained. It can be said that it shows.
- Example II-1-2 4.9367 g of KHF 2 and 0.8678 g of K 2 MnF 6 were weighed and dissolved in 20 ml of hydrofluoric acid (47.3 wt%). While stirring this solution at 26 ° C., it was added to a mixed solution of 10 ml of 33 wt% H 2 SiF 6 aqueous solution and 10 ml of hydrofluoric acid (47.3% wt) to precipitate yellow crystals. The obtained crystals were designated as No. 1 After filtering with 5C filter paper, it was washed 4 times with 100 ml of ethanol and dried at 130 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain 6.2 g of a phosphor.
- FIG. 12 shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of K 2 SiF 6 : Mn.
- Example II-1-9 4.9367 g of KHF 2 was weighed and dissolved in 10 ml of hydrofluoric acid (47.3% by weight). On the other hand, 0.8678 g of K 2 MnF 6 was weighed and a solution was prepared by adding it to a mixed solution of 10 ml of 33 wt% H 2 SiF 6 aqueous solution and 40 ml of hydrofluoric acid (47.3% wt). . While this solution was stirred at 26 ° C., hydrofluoric acid in which KHF 2 was dissolved was added to this solution to precipitate yellow crystals. The obtained crystals were designated as No. 1 After filtering with 5C filter paper, it was washed 4 times with 100 ml of ethanol and dried at 150 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain 5.9 g of phosphor.
- Example II-1-1 A phosphor was obtained in the same manner as in Example II-1-1 except that acetone as a poor solvent was added all at once. From the X-ray diffraction pattern of the obtained phosphor, it was confirmed that K 2 SiF 6 : Mn was synthesized. FIG. 12 shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of K 2 SiF 6 : Mn.
- Table 18 shows the weight median diameter D 50 and the quadrature deviation (QD) of the particle size distribution obtained from the specific surface area measurement result and the particle size distribution measurement. Further, the particle size distribution curves are shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B, and the SEM photographs are shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, respectively.
- Example II-1-1 the precipitation rate due to the addition of the poor solvent was made slower than that in Comparative Example II-1-1.
- the concentration of Mn as an activation element (analytical Mn concentration in Table 17) was reduced.
- the brightness is high. It is considered that this is because the internal quantum efficiency is increased as a result of the uniform activation of Mn ions by controlling the deposition rate.
- the phosphor of Comparative Example II-1-1 has a double distribution, and it is considered that small particles are aggregated, whereas Example II
- the phosphor of 1-1 has a larger number of particles synthesized than the phosphor of Comparative Example II-1-1, and since there are few small particles, there is no aggregation and no double distribution. There is one peak. This is also apparent from the measurement results of the specific surface area and weight median diameter D 50.
- the particles having a small specific surface area as obtained in Example II-1-1 have a small contact area with the outside, and thus are considered to have improved durability.
- the phosphors obtained by the methods of Example II-1-2 and Example II-1-9 are clear from their SEM photographs, particle size distribution curves, specific surface area, and weight median diameter D 50 , Since there is no double distribution of particle sizes and there are no small particles, large particles without aggregation are obtained. As a result, it is considered that the luminance is increased as a result of the significant increase in absorption efficiency.
- the phosphors obtained in Example II-1-2 and Example II-1-9 many tetrahedral hexahedral particles are observed in terms of morphology (FIG. 15A).
- the specific surface area is also significantly smaller than that of the phosphors of Example II-1-1 and Comparative Example II-1-1, and the contact area with the outside is reduced, so that the durability is considered to be improved.
- Examples II-1-3 to II-1-6 A phosphor was obtained in the same manner as in Example II-1-1 except that the charged concentration of Mn was changed as shown in Table 19. Analytical Mn concentration of the obtained phosphor, luminance (relative value when P46Y3 is 100), absorption efficiency, internal quantum efficiency and external quantum efficiency obtained from an emission spectrum obtained by excitation with light having a wavelength of 455 nm And the quadrature deviation (QD) of the particle size distribution are shown in Table 19 together with the results of Example II-1-1.
- QD quadrature deviation
- Examples II-1-7, II-1-8, II-1-10 to II-1-15 A phosphor was obtained in the same manner as in Example II-1-2 except that the charged concentration of Mn was changed as shown in Table 19. Analytical Mn concentration of the obtained phosphor, luminance (relative value when P46Y3 is 100), absorption efficiency, internal quantum efficiency and external quantum efficiency obtained from an emission spectrum obtained by excitation with light having a wavelength of 455 nm Table 19 shows the quadrature deviation (QD) of the particle size distribution and the results of Example II-1-2 and Example II-1-9.
- QD quadrature deviation
- the charged Mn concentration was 10 mol% or more and 15 It can be seen that it is preferable that the concentration present in the crystal, that is, the analytical Mn concentration is 2 mol% or more and 4 mol% or less.
- the charged Mn concentration is 5 mol% or more and 15 mol% or less
- the concentration existing in the crystal that is, the analytical Mn concentration is preferably 3 mol% or more and 5 mol% or less.
- the charged Mn concentration is 3 mol% or more and 10 mol% or less
- the concentration existing in the crystal that is, the analytical Mn concentration is 2 mol% or more and 6 mol%. It can be seen that the following is preferable.
- a square chip GU35R460T was used and adhered to the terminal at the bottom of the recess of the 3528 SMD type PPA resin package with a transparent die bond paste based on silicone resin. Then, after heating at 150 degreeC for 2 hours and hardening a transparent die-bonding paste, blue LED and the electrode of the package were wire-bonded using the gold wire with a diameter of 25 micrometers.
- a green phosphor Ba 1.36 Sr 0.49 Eu 0.15 SiO 4 having an emission peak wavelength of 528 nm and an emission peak half-value width of 68 nm manufactured in Synthesis Example II-2 described later (in Table 21, “BSS 0.051 g) and 0.189 g of red phosphor synthesized in Example II-1-1 having an emission peak wavelength of 631 nm and an emission peak half width of 6 nm (indicated as “KSF” in Table 21) , 0.880 g of silicone resin (JCR6101up) manufactured by Toray Dow Corning Co., Ltd. and 0.026 g of Aerosil (RX200) manufactured by Nippon Aerosil Co., Ltd. were weighed and mixed in a stirring deaerator AR-100 manufactured by Shinky Co., Ltd. A containing composition was obtained.
- the phosphor-containing composition obtained as described above using a dispenser was injected into the recess of the SMD type resin package in which the blue LED was installed. Thereafter, the phosphor-containing composition was cured by heating at 70 ° C. for 1 hour and then at 150 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a desired semiconductor light emitting device.
- a current of 20 mA was applied to the blue LED chip of the obtained white semiconductor light emitting device to emit light.
- the obtained emission spectrum is shown in FIG.
- the white luminous flux from the semiconductor light emitting device with respect to the light output from the blue LED was 236 lumen / W.
- a color image display device obtained by combining this with an optimized color filter obtained in Production Example II-1 described later has chromaticity (x, y Y) was determined to be (0.321, 0.341, 27.3), and color reproducibility (NTSC ratio) and color tone (color temperature) were determined to be NTSC ratio 95 and color temperature 5999K, respectively.
- chromaticity (x, y, Y) corresponds to the utilization efficiency of light emitted from the backlight.
- the known CaAlSiN 3 It was possible to obtain a higher NTSC ratio than the semiconductor light emitting device of Comparative Example II-2-1 described later obtained by using Eu.
- a current of 20 mA was applied to the blue LED chip of the obtained white semiconductor light emitting device to emit light.
- the obtained emission spectrum is shown in FIG.
- the white luminous flux from the semiconductor light emitting device with respect to the light output from the blue LED was 234 lumen / W.
- a color image display device obtained by combining this with an optimized color filter obtained in Production Example II-1 described later has chromaticity (x, y, Y) is determined as (0.330, 0.331, 27.3), and color reproducibility (NTSC ratio) and color tone (color temperature) are determined as NTSC ratio 87 and color temperature 5611K, respectively. It was.
- Sr 10 (PO 4 ) 6 Cl 2 Eu (expressed as “SCA” in Table 21) 0 having an emission peak wavelength of 450 nm and an emission peak half-value width of 29 nm manufactured in Synthesis Example I-7 of the phosphor described above.
- the phosphor-containing composition obtained as described above using a dispenser was injected into the recess of the SMD type resin package in which the near ultraviolet LED was installed. Thereafter, the phosphor-containing composition was cured by heating at 70 ° C. for 1 hour and then at 150 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a desired semiconductor light emitting device.
- the semiconductor light emitting device of this example obtained by using the red phosphor of the present invention obtained in Example II-1-1 is a semiconductor light emitting device having substantially the same chromaticity coordinate values.
- a luminous flux per unit incident light energy significantly higher than that of the semiconductor light emitting device of Comparative Example II-2-2 described later obtained by using CaAlSiN 3 : Eu having a peak wavelength of 660 nm and good color purity could be obtained.
- this semiconductor light emitting device is a liquid crystal backlight
- a color image display device obtained by combining this with an optimized color filter obtained in Production Example 1 described later has chromaticity (x, y Y) was determined to be (0.346, 0.374, 28.3), and color reproducibility (NTSC ratio) and color tone (color temperature) were determined to be NTSC ratio 116 and color temperature 5021K, respectively. .
- the emission peak wavelength is 660 nm, the emission peak is approximately the same light emission utilization efficiency.
- An NTSC ratio significantly higher than that of the semiconductor light emitting device of Comparative Example 2-2 described later obtained by using CaAlSiN 3 : Eu having a half width of 95 nm and good color purity could be obtained.
- Example II-2-2 is the same as Example II-2-2 except that the type and amount of phosphor used and the amount of silicone resin were changed as shown in Table 21 in the production of the semiconductor light-emitting device of Example II-2-2.
- Semiconductor light emitting devices of Example II-2-3, Comparative Example II-2-2, and Comparative Example II-2-3 were obtained in the same manner.
- Ba 0 having a light emission peak wavelength of 455 mm and a light emission peak half-value width of 51 nm produced in the phosphor synthesis example II-3 described later was used as the blue phosphor.
- the obtained near-ultraviolet LED of the semiconductor light emitting device was driven by applying a current of 20 mA to emit light.
- the CIE chromaticity coordinate value of the light emission was measured, the values shown in Table 22 were obtained.
- emission spectra of the semiconductor light emitting devices obtained in Example II-2-3, Comparative Example II-2-2, and Comparative Example II-2-3 are shown in FIGS. 19, 20, and 21, respectively.
- this semiconductor light-emitting device is a liquid crystal backlight
- the chromaticity (with respect to a color image display device obtained by combining this with an optimized color filter obtained in Production Example II-1 described later) x, y, Y), color reproducibility (NTSC ratio), and color tone (color temperature) were calculated and shown in Table 22.
- phosphor raw materials powders of barium carbonate (BaCO 3 ), strontium carbonate (SrCO 3 ), europium oxide (Eu 2 O 3 ), and silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) were used. Each of these phosphor materials may also, at a purity of 99.9% or more, the weight-average median diameter D 50 is 0.01 ⁇ m or more, in the range below 5 [mu] m. These phosphor raw materials were weighed so that the composition of the obtained phosphor was Ba 1.36 Sr 0.49 Eu 0.15 SiO 4 .
- the BAM which is the blue phosphor manufactured in Synthesis Example II-3, had a rate of change in emission peak intensity of 6% as a result of measuring temperature characteristics when excited at a wavelength of 400 nm.
- the obtained phosphor was washed with acetone and then dried at 100 ° C. for 1 hour. From the X-ray diffraction pattern of the obtained phosphor, it was confirmed that K 2 Ti 1-x Mn x F 6 was synthesized. In addition, the peak wavelength of the main emission peak of the obtained red phosphor was 631 nm, the half-value width of the main emission peak was 7 nm, and the measurement was performed in the same manner as described in the description section of Example II group. The internal quantum efficiency was 65%. Further, the amount of F generated by heating the phosphor and the rate of change in emission peak intensity were measured by the methods described below, and the results are shown in Table 24.
- Example III-1 Fabrication of semiconductor light emitting device Using a manual pipette, 4 ⁇ l of the phosphor-containing layer forming solution (1) obtained in the above Production Example III-2 was weighed to obtain the above Production Example III-1. The liquid was poured into a semiconductor light emitting device provided with the vertical semiconductor light emitting element described in -1. This semiconductor light-emitting device was held in a desiccator box capable of reducing pressure under conditions of 25 ° C. and 1 kPa for 5 minutes to remove entrained bubbles, dissolved air, and moisture generated during injection. Thereafter, the semiconductor light emitting device was held at 70 ° C. for 1 hour, and then held at 150 ° C.
- Example III-1 A semiconductor light-emitting device was obtained in the same manner as in Example III-1, except that the semiconductor light-emitting element was changed to the horizontal semiconductor light-emitting element described in Production Example III-1-2, and durability was evaluated.
- Example III-2 A semiconductor light-emitting device was obtained in the same manner as in Example III-1, except that the phosphor-containing layer forming liquid (2) was used instead of the phosphor-containing layer forming liquid (1), and the durability was evaluated. went.
- Example III-2 A semiconductor light-emitting device was obtained in the same manner as in Example III-2 except that the semiconductor light-emitting element was changed to the lateral semiconductor light-emitting element described in Production Example III-1-2, and durability was evaluated.
- ⁇ Lighting test> A current of 20 mA is supplied to the semiconductor light emitting device, and immediately after the lighting is started (this time point is hereinafter referred to as “0 hour”), a fiber multichannel spectrometer (USB2000 manufactured by Ocean Optics (integrated wavelength range: 200 nm to 1100 nm, light receiving method) : An emission spectrum was measured using an integrating sphere (diameter 1.5 inches).
- the semiconductor light emitting device was continuously energized with a drive current of 20 mA under the conditions of 85 ° C. and relative humidity of 85% using an aging device, LED AGING SYSTEM 100ch LED environmental test device (YEL-51005, manufactured by Yamakatsu Electronics Co., Ltd.). Then, emission spectra were measured in the same manner as in the case of 0 hour at each time point of 50 hours, 100 hours, 150 hours, and 200 hours from the start of energization. At the same time, the semiconductor light emitting device is stored without being energized under the conditions of 85 ° C. and relative humidity of 85%, and measurement is performed at each time point of 50 hours, 100 hours, 150 hours, and 200 hours after starting the energization.
- the emission spectrum was measured by holding the spectrometer in a thermostatic chamber at 25 ° C. in order to prevent data disturbance due to the temperature change of the spectrometer main body.
- Example III-1 and III-2 using the vertical semiconductor light emitting element the total luminous flux and the decrease in luminance are smaller than those in Comparative Examples III-1 and III-2 using the horizontal semiconductor light emitting element. There was little deviation. Further, when Example III-1 and Example III-2 are compared, K 2 Si 0.9 Mn 0.1 F 6 as a phosphor is more durable than K 2 Ti 0.95 Mn 0.05 F 6 It was found to be excellent. It is presumed that K 2 Si 0.9 Mn 0.1 F 6 has a lower solubility in water and a smaller amount of F generated by heating.
- Example III-3 Production of Semiconductor Light-Emitting Device 100 parts by weight of two-part silicone resin SCR1016A manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. and 100 parts by weight of curing agent SCR1016B were mixed and removed by a stirring deaerator AR-100 manufactured by Shinkey. Foamed. 2 ⁇ L of the obtained mixed solution was injected into a light emitting device provided with the above-described light emitting element, and kept for 5 minutes under conditions of 25 ° C. and 1 kPa in a desiccator box that can be depressurized. Entrained bubbles, dissolved air, and moisture were removed. Thereafter, the semiconductor light-emitting device was kept at 25 ° C. under atmospheric pressure and 50% humidity for 24 hours to cure the silicone resin layer and form a material layer C.
- the semiconductor light emitting device was held at 25 ° C. under atmospheric pressure and 50% humidity for 24 hours to cure the silicone resin layer and form a material layer D, thereby obtaining a semiconductor light emitting device.
- Example III-5 Production of Semiconductor Light-Emitting Device Using a manual pipette, 0.5 ⁇ L of the above-described fluorine complex phosphor-containing layer forming solution (1) is dropped onto a fluorine-coated heat-resistant sheet, and the water-drop shape is 1 at 100 ° C. After being held for a time, the material layer B was formed by holding at 150 ° C. for 5 hours to cure. After 0.5 ⁇ L of fluororesin (“Eight Seal 3000” manufactured by Taihei Kasei Co., Ltd.) was dropped from the top of the material layer B, it was held at 120 ° C. for 20 minutes to be cured.
- fluororesin (“Eight Seal 3000” manufactured by Taihei Kasei Co., Ltd.) was dropped from the top of the material layer B, it was held at 120 ° C. for 20 minutes to be cured.
- the fluorine layer heat-resistant sheet contact surface of the material layer B is faced up, and 0.5 ⁇ L of the fluorine resin is similarly dropped and cured to form the material layer E around the material layer B.
- 100 parts by weight of two-part silicone resin SCR1016A manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. and 100 parts by weight of curing agent SCR1016B were mixed and defoamed with a stirring deaerator AR-100 manufactured by Sinky. After pouring 1 ⁇ L of the obtained mixed solution into the semiconductor light emitting device, the material layer B covered with the material layer E is added, and further 1 ⁇ L of the mixed solution is injected from above, and then kept at 100 ° C. for 1 hour.
- Example III-6 Production of Semiconductor Light-Emitting Device 100 parts by weight of two-part silicone resin SCR1016A manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. and 100 parts by weight of curing agent SCR1016B were mixed and removed by an agitation deaerator AR-100 manufactured by Shinkey. Foamed. 1 ⁇ L of the obtained mixed solution was poured into a light-emitting device provided with the above-described light-emitting element, and kept for 5 minutes under a condition of 25 ° C. and 1 kPa in a desiccator box capable of depressurization. Entrained bubbles, dissolved air, and moisture were removed. Thereafter, the semiconductor light-emitting device was kept at 25 ° C. under atmospheric pressure and 50% humidity for 24 hours to cure the silicone resin layer and form a material layer C.
- Comparative Example III-3 Fabrication of Semiconductor Light-Emitting Device Using a manual pipette, 4 ⁇ L of the above-described fluorine complex phosphor-containing layer forming solution (1) was poured into the semiconductor light-emitting device and the pressure was reduced in a desiccator box at 25 ° C. By holding for 5 minutes under the condition of 1 kPa, entrained bubbles, dissolved air, and moisture generated during the injection were removed. Then, after hold
- the light-emitting device in which the material layers (material layers C to E) not containing the fluorine complex phosphor are present is 200 when stored in a non-lighting condition under conditions of a temperature of 85 ° C. and a humidity of 85%. Even after the lapse of time, it can be seen that the total luminous flux and the luminance maintenance ratio are excellent at 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more. In addition, by devising the layer structure, it has been found that the durability during continuous lighting can be 80% or more, preferably 85% or more, more preferably 90% or more.
- a wide color reproducibility is achieved as a whole image by adjusting with a color filter without impairing the brightness of an image even with an LED backlight, and red, green, and blue light emission can be performed in one chip. Therefore, it is possible to provide a color image display device in which white balance adjustment is easy without impairing mounting productivity, so in the fields of color filter compositions, color filters, color image display devices, etc. Industrial applicability is extremely high.
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Abstract
Description
(1)実装に手間がかかる、
(2)赤、緑、青それぞれのLEDチップが有限の距離をおいて設置されるので、それぞれのLEDチップからの発光を十分に混色させるために導光板の距離を長く取る必要がある、
(3)LEDのそれぞれのチップをその整数倍の個数を組み合わせて白色色度を調整するため、ホワイトバランスの調整が連続的にできない、
といった問題があった。
一方、WO2004/25359(特許文献4)においては、特定の条件を満たすバックライト光源とカラーフィルターとの組合せが高NTSC比を有する画像表示装置となることが記載されている。しかし、近年の高性能化の要望に対しては、具体的に開示されている3.5MgO・0.5MgF2・GeO2:Mn4+系、Y2O3:Eu系及びYVO4:Eu3+系の蛍光体を用いた発光装置では発光効率等の点で不十分であり、より高い性能を有するものの出現が望まれている。
さらに近年、赤色蛍光体としてK2TiF6:Mnを用いた発光装置が知られている(特許文献5~7)。しかし、本発明者らの検討により、空気中の水分との反応によりフッ化水素が発生するためと推定される理由により、発光装置の特性劣化が激しく実用に耐えないものであることが明らかとなり、より高い性能を有するものの出現が望まれている。
加えて、蛍光体の劣化抑制の観点から、水溶性蛍光体粒子の表面金属酸化物等でコーティングし被覆する(特許文献8)が知られているが、特殊な装置を必要としたり、使用蛍光体の種類等の点で不十分である。
月間ディスプレイ 2003年4月号42頁乃至46頁
さらに、それらの半導体発光装置をバックライトとして用い、そのバックライトの発光波長に最適なカラーフィルターを、そのバックライトと組み合わせることにより、色純度の高い画像表示を実現できる、すなわち、高いNTSC比においても従来よりも光利用効率が高いカラー画像表示装置を実現し得ることを見出した。
1.青色又は深青色領域あるいは紫外領域の光を発する固体発光素子と、蛍光体とを組み合わせてなる半導体発光装置であって、前記蛍光体は、515~550nmの波長領域に1以上の発光ピークを有する緑色蛍光体、及び610~650nmの波長領域に1以上の、半値幅が10nm以下である発光ピークを有し、かつ前記緑色蛍光体の発光波長領域に励起スペクトルを実質的に有さない、付活元素としてMn4+を含む赤色蛍光体を含み、
前記緑色蛍光体及び前記赤色蛍光体は、励起光の波長が400nm又は455nmの場合の、25℃における発光ピーク強度に対する100℃における発光ピーク強度の変化率が40%以下のものであることを特徴とする半導体発光装置。
2.前記緑色蛍光体は、アルミン酸塩蛍光体、サイアロン蛍光体及び酸窒化物蛍光体からなる群から選択される1以上の化合物を含むことを特徴とする上記1に記載の半導体発光装置。
3.前記赤色蛍光体は、励起光の波長が455nmの場合の、25℃における発光ピーク強度に対する100℃における発光ピーク強度の変化率が18%以下のものであることを特徴とする上記1に記載の半導体発光装置。
4.前記赤色蛍光体は、610~650nmの波長領域に、半値幅が10nm以下である主発光ピークを有することを特徴とする上記1に記載の半導体発光装置。
5.前記赤色蛍光体がフッ素錯体蛍光体であり、かつ、前記固体発光素子が導電性を有する基板上に形成されていることを特徴とする上記1に記載の半導体発光装置。
6.前記赤色蛍光体が、200℃における蛍光体1g当たりの加熱発生フッ素量が0.01μg/分以上のものであることを特徴とする上記5に記載の半導体発光装置。
7.前記赤色蛍光体が、20℃における100gの水に対する溶解度が0.005g以上、7g以下のものであることを特徴とする上記6に記載の半導体発光装置。
8.前記赤色蛍光体がフッ素錯体蛍光体であり、かつ、該赤色蛍光体を含有する層を備えた半導体発光装置であって、下記の(a)~(c)のうちの少なくとも1つの構成を有することを特徴とする上記1に記載の半導体発光装置。
(a)固体発光素子と該赤色蛍光体含有層との間に、前記赤色蛍光体を含まない材料層を有する。
(b)発光装置の表面の一部又は全部が前記赤色蛍光体を含まない材料層で被覆されている。
(c)該赤色蛍光体含有層が、前記赤色蛍光体を含まない材料層で被覆されている。
9.前記赤色蛍光体が、200℃における蛍光体1g当たりの加熱発生フッ素量が0.01μg/分以上のものであることを特徴とする上記8に記載の半導体発光装置。
10.前記赤色蛍光体が、20℃における100gの水に対する溶解度が0.005g以上、7g以下のものであることを特徴とする上記9に記載の半導体発光装置。
11.前記赤色蛍光体が下記一般式[1]から[8]のいずれかで表される化学組成を有する結晶相を含有するものであることを特徴とする上記1~10のいずれかに記載の半導体発光装置。
MI 2[MIV 1-xRxF6] ・・・[1]
MI 3[MIII 1-xRxF6] ・・・[2]
MII[MIV 1-xRxF6] ・・・[3]
MI 3[MIV 1-xRxF7] ・・・[4]
MI 2[MIII 1-xRxF5] ・・・[5]
Zn2[MIII 1-xRxF7] ・・・[6]
MI[MIII 2-2xR2xF7] ・・・[7]
Ba0.65Zr0.35F2.70:Mn4+ ・・・[8]
(前記式[1]~[8]において、MIはLi、Na、K、Rb、Cs、及びNH4からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の1価の基を表わし、MIIはアルカリ土類金属元素を表し、MIIIは周期律表3族及び13族からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の金属元素を表し、MIVは周期律表4族及び14族からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の金属元素を表し、Rは、少なくともMnを含有する付活元素を表す。xは、0<x<1の数値である。)
12.前記赤色蛍光体は、下記式[1’]で表される化学組成を有する結晶相を含有し、
MIV’とMnとの合計モル数に対するMnの割合が0.1モル%以上40モル%以下であり、かつ、比表面積が1.3m2/g以下であるものであることを特徴とする上記1~10のいずれかに記載の半導体発光装置。
MI’2MIV’F6:R ・・・[1’]
(前記式[1’]中、MI’は、K、及びNaからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素を含有し、MIV’は、少なくともSiを含有する周期律表4族及び14族からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の金属元素を表し、Rは、少なくともMnを含有する付活元素を表す。)
13.上記1から12のいずれか1項に記載の半導体発光装置を光源として備えたバックライト。
14.光シャッターと、該光シャッターに対応する少なくとも赤、緑、青の三色の色要素を有するカラーフィルターと、請求項13に記載のバックライトとを組み合わせて構成されるカラー画像表示装置であって、
カラー画像表示素子の色再現範囲であるNTSC比Wと光利用効率Yとの関係が下記式で表されることを特徴とするカラー画像表示装置。
Y≧-0.4W+64 (ただし、W≧85)
16.前記カラーフィルターの各画素の膜厚が0.5μm以上3.5μm以下であることを特徴とする上記14又は15に記載のカラー画像表示装置。
17.下記式[1’]で表される化学組成を有する結晶相を含有し、
MIV’とMnとの合計モル数に対するMnの割合が0.1モル%以上40モル%以下であり、かつ、比表面積が1.3m2/g以下であることを特徴とする蛍光体。
MI’2MIV’F6:R ・・・[1’]
(前記式[1’]中、MI’は、K、及びNaからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素を含有し、MIVは、少なくともSiを含有する周期律表4族及び14族からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の金属元素を表し、Rは、少なくともMnを含有する付活元素を表す。)
18.前記赤色蛍光体の粒度分布のピーク値が一つであることを特徴とする上記17に記載の蛍光体。
19.粒度分布の四分偏差が0.6以下であることを特徴とする、上記17又は18に記載の蛍光体。
20.少なくともSiとFとを含有する溶液と、少なくともKとMnとFとを含有する溶液とを反応させて前記式[1’]で表される化合物を得る工程を有することを特徴とする上記17~19のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光体の製造方法。
21.下記式[1’]で表される化学組成を有する結晶相を含有する蛍光体の製造方法であって、
K、Na、Si、Mn、及びFからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素を含む溶液の2種以上を混合して蛍光体を析出させる工程を有することを特徴とする、蛍光体の製造方法。
MI’2MIV’F6:R ・・・[1’]
(前記式[1’]中、MI’は、K、及びNaからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素を含有し、MIVは、少なくともSiを含有する周期律表4族及び14族からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の金属元素を表し、Rは、少なくともMnを含有する付活元素を表す。)
22.上記17~19のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光体と、液体媒体とを含有することを特徴とする蛍光体含有組成物。
2 励起光源(第1の発光体)(LD)
3 基板
4 発光装置
5 マウントリード
6 インナーリード
7 励起光源(第1の発光体)
8 蛍光体含有部
9 導電性ワイヤ
10 モールド部材
11 面発光照明装置
12 保持ケース
13 発光装置
14 拡散板
15 フレーム
16 導電性ワイヤ
17 電極
18 電極
20 半導体発光装置
21 基板
22 バッファ層
23 コンタクト層
24 第一導電型クラッド層
25 活性層構造
26 第二導電型クラッド層
27 第二導電型側電極
28 第一導電型側電極
29 第二電流注入領域
31 光源
32 導光板
33 光拡散シート
34,40 偏光板
35,38 ガラス基板
36 TFT
37 液晶
39 カラーフィルター
41 導光体
41a 導光体の一側端面
41b 導光体の一方の板面(光出射面)
41c 導光体の光出射面とは反対の板面
42 アレー
43 調光シート
44,44’ 光取り出し機構
44a ドット
44b 粗面パターン
45 反射シート
101 p型電極
102 n型電極
103 p型層
104 n型層
105 導電性基板
106 絶縁性基板
110 半導体発光素子A
111 材料層B(フッ素錯体蛍光体含有層)
112 材料層C
113 材料層D
114 材料層E
また、「カラー画像表示素子」とは、「カラー画像表示装置」のうち光シャッター及びバックライトの駆動を制御する構成を除いた、光シャッター及びカラーフィルターを通してバックライトから光を発するための構成を意味する。
また、本明細書において「~」を用いて表される数値範囲は、「~」の前後に記載される数値を下限値及び上限値として含む範囲を意味する。
固体発光素子の発光波長は蛍光体の吸収波長と重複するものであれば、特に制限されず、幅広い発光波長領域の発光体を使用することができるが、通常200nm以上が望ましい。このうち、青色光を励起光として用いる場合には、通常420nm以上、好ましくは430nm以上、より好ましくは440nm以上、更に好ましくは450nm以上、また、通常490nm以下、好ましくは480nm以下、より好ましくは470nm以下、さらに好ましくは460nm以下の発光ピーク波長を有する発光体を使用することが望ましい。一方、深青色光(以下、近紫外光と称する場合がある。)又は紫外光を励起光として用いる場合には、通常300nm以上、好ましくは330nm以上、より好ましくは360nm以上、また、通常420nm以下、好ましくは410nm以下、より好ましくは400nm以下の発光ピーク波長を有する発光体を使用することが望ましい。尚、本発明で用いられる好ましい赤色蛍光体は通常青色光で励起される。従って、近紫外光又は紫外光を用いる場合には、赤色蛍光体は、通常これらの光により励起される青色蛍光体が発する青色光で励起(間接励起)されることとなるので、当該青色蛍光体の励起帯に合うような波長を有する励起光を選ぶことが好ましい。
なお、第1の発光体は、1個のみを用いてもよく、2個以上を任意の組み合わせ及び比率で併用してもよい。
上記半導体発光素子であるLEDチップは、図1(a)及び図1(b)に示すように縦型素子構造を有するものと横型素子構造を有するものとがある。このうち、導電性を有する基板上に形成された縦型素子構造を有するLEDチップを用いた場合、赤色蛍光体としてフッ素錯体蛍光体を用いた場合に、発光装置の耐久性向上、具体的には温度85℃、湿度85%における発光装置の経時劣化が抑えられるという点で好ましい。
ここで、縦型素子構造とは、導電性を有する基板の上に所望の発光素子構造をエピタキシャル成長させ、当該基板に一方の電極を形成し、当該エピタキシャル成長層の上にもさらに一方の電極を形成することで、エピタキシャル成長方向に電流を流す、いわゆる上下導通型(縦型)の発光素子の構造をいう。
pn接合型素子を用いて半導体発光装置を作製する場合について、以下に図を用いて説明する。図1(a)に、縦型素子構造とその電流分布を示し、図1(b)に、横型素子構造とその電流分布を示す。
本発明の実施形態による半導体発光素子(20)は、図2に示すように、基板(21)と、基板(21)の一方に積層された化合物半導体薄膜結晶層(以下、単に薄膜結晶層ともいう)とを有する。薄膜結晶層は、例えばバッファ層(22)、第一導電型クラッド層(24)を含む第一導電型半導体層、活性層構造(25)、第二導電型クラッド層(26)を含む第二導電型半導体層、及びコンタクト層(23)が基板(21)側からこの順番に積層されて構成されている。
コンタクト層(23)の表面の一部に、電流注入用の第二導電型側電極(27)が配置されており、コンタクト層(23)と第二導電型側電極(27)の接触している部分が、第二導電型半導体層に電流を注入する第二電流注入領域(29)となっている。
また、基板(21)の前記薄膜結晶層と反対側の面、即ち裏面には第一導電型側電極(28)が配置されている。
第二導電型側電極(27)及び第一導電型側電極(28)が上記のように配置されることによって、両者は基板(21)を挟んで、反対側に配置され、半導体発光素子(20)は、いわゆる縦型の半導体発光素子として構成されている。
基板(21)は、導電性基板か、絶縁性の基板の一部に導電性材料を貫通したものを用いることができる。導電性基板を用いる場合は、SiC基板のほかに、GaN基板、ZnO基板等が挙げられる。特に、電気抵抗を低く抑え導電性を高くできるので、SiC基板とGaN基板が好ましい。
Mn4+付活フッ素錯体蛍光体を含有する発光装置に用いる半導体発光素子として、縦型素子構造が好ましい理由は明らかではないが、耐久試験後の電極面を顕微鏡観察すると横型素子構造と比較して、縦型素子構造のLEDチップは電極面の変色が少ないことが観測されている。
半導体発光装置に通電していると、Mn4+付活フッ素錯体蛍光体から腐食性の物質(Fを含むもの)が発生し、ワイヤーにダメージを与え、ダメージのあったワイヤーは、抵抗が大きくなるものと考えられる。縦型素子構造を有する半導体発光素子は、横型素子構造と比較して、上側にある電極が1個なので、ワイヤーや電極へのダメージが小さく、電気伝導度の変化が少ないので好ましいと推測される。
さらに、通電時にMn4+付活フッ素錯体蛍光体から発生する腐食性の物質には、イオン伝導性のものが含まれていると考えられる。横型素子構造を有するものでは、2つの電極間の距離が短いので電極間に漏れ電流が流れてしまう可能性が高くなるが、縦型素子構造を有する半導体発光素子では、2つの電極間の距離が長いのでその可能性が小さいと考えられる。
[2.蛍光体]
本発明の発光装置は、上記固体発光素子が発する光により、直接的又は間接的に励起されて発光する蛍光体を備えるものである。蛍光体は、以下の特性を有する緑色蛍光体及び赤色蛍光体を用いていることを特徴とする。
[2-1]発光ピーク強度の温度依存性
本発明に用いられる緑色蛍光体及び赤色蛍光体は、励起光の波長が400nm又は455nmの場合において、各蛍光体の温度が25℃のときの発光ピーク強度に対する100℃のときの発光ピーク強度の変化率が、40%以下、好ましくは30%以下、より好ましくは25%以下、さらに好ましくは22%以下、中でも好ましくは18%以下、特に好ましくは15%以下である。
温度依存性の測定は、発光スペクトル測定装置として、例えば大塚電子社製MCPD7000マルチチャンネルスペクトル測定装置、輝度測定装置として、例えば色彩輝度計BM5A、ペルチェ素子による冷却機構とヒーターによる加熱機構を備えたステージ及び光源として150Wキセノンランプを備える装置を用いて、下記手順で行なう。
以下に、本発明で好適に用いられる赤色蛍光体、及び緑色蛍光体について詳しく説明する。
本発明の半導体発光装置において固体発光素子と組み合わせられる赤色蛍光体は上述のような発光ピーク強度の温度依存性を有した上で、610~650nmの波長領域に1以上の、半値幅が10nm以下である発光ピークを有し、かつ後述する緑色蛍光体の発光波長領域に励起スペクトルを実質的に有しない、付活元素としてMn4+を含む蛍光体である。
上記のような波長領域に発光ピークを有することにより赤色の色純度が増し、高NTSC比を実現することができる。
さらに好ましくは、下記の式[1]~[8]で示される蛍光体が挙げられる。
MI 3[MIII 1-xRxF6] ・・・[2]
MII[MIV 1-xRxF6] ・・・[3]
MI 3[MIV 1-xRxF7] ・・・[4]
MI 2[MIII 1-xRxF5] ・・・[5]
Zn2[MIII 1-xRxF7] ・・・[6]
MI[MIII 2-2xR2xF7] ・・・[7]
Ba0.65Zr0.35F2.70:Mn4+ ・・・[8]
前記式[1]~[8]において、MIはLi、Na、K、Rb、Cs、及びNH4からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の1価の基を表わし、MIIはアルカリ土類金属元素を表し、MIIIは周期律表(以下、周期律表の記載は省略する場合がある)3族及び13族からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の金属元素を表し、MIVは4族及び14族からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の金属元素を表し、Rは、少なくともMnを含有する付活元素を表す。xは、0<x<1で表される範囲の数値である。
MIとしては、K及びNaからなる群より選ばれる1種以上の元素を含有することが特に好ましい。
MIIとしては、少なくともBaを含有することが好ましく、特に好ましくはBaである。
MIIIの好ましい具体例としては、Al、Ga、In、Y、及びScからなる群より選ばれる1種以上の金属元素が挙げられ、このうち、Al、Ga、及びInからなる群より選ばれる1種以上の金属元素が好ましく、さらには、少なくともAlを含有することがより好ましく、特にはAlが好ましい。
MIVの好ましい具体例としては、Si、Ge、Sn、Ti、及びZrからなる群より選ばれる1種以上の金属元素が挙げられ、中でもSi、Ge、Ti、Zrが好ましく、このうち、少なくともSiを含有することが好ましく、特にはSiが好ましい。
xとしては、好ましくは0.004以上、より好ましくは0.010以上、特に好ましくは0.020以上で、また、好ましくは0.30以下、より好ましくは0.25以下、更に好ましくは0.08以下、特に好ましくは0.06以下である。
上記の中でも下記式[1’]で表される化学組成を有する結晶相を含有し、
MIV’とMnとの合計モル数に対するMnの割合が0.1モル%以上40モル%以下であり、かつ、比表面積が1.3m2/g以下であるものを用いると、発光装置の輝度の点で好ましい。
MI’2MIV’F6:R ・・・[1’]
前記式[1’]中、MI’は、K、及びNaからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素を含有し、MIV’は、少なくともSiを含有する4族及び14族からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の金属元素を表し、Rは、少なくともMnを含有する付活元素を表す。
[2-2-2] MI’2MIV’F6:Rで表される赤色蛍光体
特に好ましい上記蛍光体は新規化合物であり、これについて以下に詳述する。
[2-2-2-1]蛍光体の組成
本発明の蛍光体は、下記式[1’]で表される化学組成を有する結晶相を含有し、MIV’とMnとの合計モル数に対するMnの割合が0.1モル%以上40モル%以下の蛍光体である。
MI’2MIV’F6:R ・・・[1’]
前記式[1’]中、MI’は、K、及びNaからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素を含有し、MIV’は、少なくともSiを含有する4族及び14族からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の金属元素を表し、Rは、少なくともMnを含有する付活元素を表す。
上記式[1’]において、MIV’は、少なくともSiを含有する。通常、全MIV’量に対してSiが90モル%以上、好ましくは97モル%以上、より好ましくは98モル%以上、さらに好ましくは99モル%以上を占める場合であり、Siのみを用いることが特に好ましい。即ち、下記式[1’’]で表される化学組成を有する結晶相を含有することが特に好ましい。
MI’2SiF6:R …[1’’]
(前記式[1’’]中、MI’及Rは、上記式[1’]と同義である。)
なお、上記蛍光体には、上述の蛍光体を構成する元素以外にAl、Ga、B、In、Nb、Mo、Zn、Ta、W、Re及びMgよりなる群から選ばれる1種又は2種以上の元素が、上記蛍光体の性能に悪影響を与えない範囲で含有されていてもよい。
<発光スペクトル>
本発明の蛍光体は、ピーク波長455nmの光で励起して発光スペクトルを測定した場合に、以下の特徴を有することが好ましい。
本発明の蛍光体は、その内部量子効率が高いほど好ましい。その値は、通常50%以上、好ましくは75%以上、更に好ましくは85%以上、特に好ましくは90%以上である。内部量子効率が低いと発光効率が低下する傾向にあり、好ましくない。
本発明の蛍光体は、その重量メジアン径D50が、通常3μm以上、中でも10μm以上、また、通常50μm以下、中でも30μm以下であることが好ましい。重量メジアン径D50が小さすぎると、輝度が低下する場合や、蛍光体粒子が凝集してしまう場合がある。一方、重量メジアン径D50が大きすぎると、塗布ムラやディスペンサー等の閉塞が生じる傾向がある。
なお、本発明における蛍光体の重量メジアン径D50は、例えばレーザー回折/散乱式粒度分布測定装置等の装置を用いて測定することができる。
本発明の蛍光体の比表面積は、通常1.3m2/g以下、好ましくは1.1m2/g以下、特に好ましくは1.0m2/g以下で、通常0.05m2/g以上、中でも0.1m2/g以上であることが好ましい。蛍光体の比表面積が小さすぎると蛍光体粒子が大きいことから、塗布ムラやディスペンサー等の閉塞を生じる傾向にあり、大きすぎると蛍光体粒子が小さいことから外部との接触面積が大きくなり、耐久性に劣るものとなる。
なお、本発明における蛍光体の比表面積は、例えば、BET1点法により、例えば、大倉理研社製全自動比表面積測定装置(流動法)(AMS1000A)を用いて測定される。
本発明の蛍光体は、その粒度分布において、ピーク値が一つであることが好ましい。
ピーク値が2以上あることは、単粒子によるピーク値と、その凝集体によるピーク値とがあることを示す。そのため、ピーク値が2以上あることは、単粒子が非常に小さいことを意味する。
従って、その粒度分布のピーク値が一つである蛍光体は、単粒子が大きく、凝集体が非常に少ないものである。これにより、輝度が向上するという効果や、また、単粒子が大きく成長できたことに起因して比表面積が小さくなり、耐久性が向上するという効果を有する。
なお、本発明における蛍光体の粒度分布は、例えば、堀場製作所社製レーザ回折/散乱式粒度分布測定装置(LA-300)により測定することができる。測定にあたっては、分散溶媒としてエタノールを用い、蛍光体を分散させてから、光軸上の初期透過率を90%前後に調整し、マグネット回転子で分散溶媒を攪拌しながら凝集による影響を最小限に抑えて測定することが好ましい。
また、上記粒度分布のピークの幅は、狭い方が好ましい。具体的には、蛍光体粒子の粒度分布の四分偏差(QD)が、通常0.18以上、好ましくは0.20以上であり、また通常0.60以下であり、好ましくは0.40以下、より好ましくは0.35以下、さらに好ましくは0.30以下、特に好ましくは0.25である。
なお、粒度分布の四分偏差とは、蛍光体粒子の粒径が揃っているほど、小さくなる。即ち、粒径分布の四分偏差が小さいということは、粒度分布のピークの幅が狭く、蛍光体粒子の大きさが揃っていることを意味する。
また、粒度分布の四分偏差は、レーザー回折/散乱式粒度分布測定装置を用いて測定した粒度分布曲線を用いて算出することができる。
本発明のSEM写真の観察から認められる本発明の蛍光体の粒子形状は、3軸方向に均等に成長した粒状であることが好ましい。粒子形状が3軸方向に均等に成長すると比表面積が小さくなり、外部との接触面積が小さいので耐久性に優れる。
なお、このSEM写真は例えば日立製作所社製SEM(S-3400N)により撮影することができる。
また、上記蛍光体がフッ素錯体蛍光体の場合には、200℃における蛍光体1g当たりの加熱発生フッ素量(以下、「加熱発生F量」と称する場合がある。)が0.01μg/分以上、さらには1μg/分以上となる場合があるが、後述の通り、特定の発光装置構成をとることにより、高温、かつ、高湿度(例えば、温度85℃、湿度85%)の状態で発光装置を保管又は点灯したときの経時劣化を抑えることが可能となる。なお、蛍光体1gあたりの加熱発生F量としては、環境基準から好ましくは2μg/分以下である。また、蛍光体周辺へのダメージを小さくするために、1.5μg/分以下の蛍光体の方が、好適に用いることができる。
上記加熱発生F量は、下記の方法で測定することができる。
一定量の蛍光体を精秤後、白金ボートに入れ、横型電気炉のアルミナ製炉心管中にセットする。次いで、流量400ml/分でアルゴンガスを流通させながら、炉内温度を昇温させて蛍光体の温度が200℃になったところで2時間保持する。ここで、炉内を流通していたアルゴンガス全量をKOH水溶液(濃度67mM)に吸収させ、吸収液を液体クロマトグラフィー法により分析し、蛍光体1g当たりの毎分の加熱発生F量を求める。
さらに、上記赤色蛍光体がフッ素錯体蛍光体の場合には、室温20℃における100gの水に対する溶解度が7g以下のものであれば、後述の通り、特定の発光装置構成をとることにより、高温、かつ、高湿度(例えば、温度85℃、湿度85%)の状態で発光装置を保管又は点灯したときの経時劣化が抑えることが可能となる。尚、フッ素錯体蛍光体の場合には、室温20℃における100gの水に対する溶解度は、通常0.005g以上、好ましくは0.010g以上、より好ましくは0.015g以上である。
尚、参考として下記表にヘキサフルオロ錯体の溶解度を示す。なお、当該表に記載の値は、森田化学社製の試薬に添付されていた製品安全データシート(MSDS)に基づく。
本発明の蛍光体を製造する方法には特に制限はないが、以下の(1)の方法のように貧溶媒を用いる方法と、以下の(2)の方法(具体的には以下の(2-1)及び(2-2)の方法)のように貧溶媒を使用しない方法に大別される。
(1) 貧溶媒析出法。
(2) K、Na、Si、Mn、及びFからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素を含む溶液の2種以上を混合した後、混合により析出した析出物(蛍光体)を得る方法。
上記(2)の方法において、混合する溶液に、目的とする蛍光体を構成する元素の全ての元素が含まれていることが好ましく、混合する溶液の組み合わせとしては、具体的には以下の(2-1)と(2-2)が挙げられる。
(2-1)少なくともSiとFとを含有する溶液と、少なくともK(及び/又はNa)とMnとFとを含有する溶液とを混合する方法。
(2-2)少なくともSiとMnとFとを含有する溶液と、少なくともK(及び/又はNa)とFとを含有する溶液とを混合する方法。
この方法は、例えば、後掲の実施例II-1-1に記載されるように、原料化合物として例えばMI’ 2SiF6とMI’ 2RF6とを用い(ただし、MI’、Rは、前記式[1’]におけると同義である。)、これらを所定の割合でフッ化水素酸中に添加して攪拌下に溶解させて反応させ、その後、蛍光体の貧溶媒を添加して、蛍光体を析出させる方法である。例えば、米国特許第3576756号公報に記載される方法と同様に行うことができる。
K2SiF6とK2MnF6との組み合わせとしては、具体的には、水溶性K塩(KF、KHF2、KOH、KCl、KBr、KI、酢酸カリウム、K2CO3等。以下の場合も同じ)とフッ化水素酸とH2SiF6水溶液とK2MnF6との組み合わせ、水溶性K塩とフッ化水素酸とケイ酸塩類(SiO2、Siアルコキシド等。以下の場合も同じ)とK2MnF6との組み合わせ、ケイ酸カリウム(K2SiO3)とフッ化水素酸とK2MnF6との組み合わせが挙げられる。
K2SiF6とKMnO4との組み合わせとしては、具体的には、水溶性K塩とフッ化水素酸とH2SiF6水溶液とKMnO4との組み合わせ、水溶性K塩とフッ化水素酸とケイ酸塩類とKMnO4との組み合わせ、ケイ酸カリウム(K2SiO3)とフッ化水素酸とKMnO4との組み合わせが挙げられる。
K2SiF6とK2MnCl6との組み合わせとしては、具体的には、水溶性K塩とフッ化水素酸とH2SiF6水溶液とK2MnCl6との組み合わせ、水溶性K塩とフッ化水素酸とケイ酸塩類とK2MnCl6との組み合わせ、ケイ酸カリウム(K2SiO3)とフッ化水素酸とK2MnCl6との組み合わせが挙げられる。
正則溶液理論では溶媒-溶質間に作用する力は分子間力のみとモデル化されているので、液体分子を凝集させる相互作用が分子間力のみであると考えることが出来る。液体の凝集エネルギーは蒸発エンタルピーと等価であることから、モル蒸発熱ΔHとモル体積Vより、溶解パラメーターをδ=√(ΔH/V-RT)で定義する。すなわち、1モル体積の液体が蒸発するために必要な蒸発熱の平行根(cal/cm3)1/2から計算される。
実際の溶液が正則溶液であることは稀であり、溶媒-溶質分子間には水素結合等分子間力以外の力も作用し、2つの成分が混合するか相分離するかはそれらの成分の混合エンタルピーと混合エントロピーの差で熱力学的に決定される。しかし経験的に溶解パラメーター(Solubility Parameter;以下、「SP値」と称する場合がある。)が近い物質は混ざりやすい傾向を持つ。そのためSP値は溶質と溶媒の混ざりやすさを判断する目安ともなる。
正則溶液論では溶媒-溶質間に作用する力は分子間力のみと仮定されるので溶解パラメーターは分子間力を表す尺度として使用される。実際の溶液は正則溶液とは限らないが、2つの成分のSP値の差が小さいほど溶解度が大となることが経験的に知られている。
この方法は、貧溶媒を使用しないことが特徴であり、引火性の有機溶媒を貧溶媒として使用しないため、工業的に安全性が向上する;有機溶媒を用いないので、コストダウンを図ることができる;同量の蛍光体を合成する際に必要なフッ化水素酸が上記(1)の方法に比べて10分の1程度に削減されるため、更なるコストダウンを図ることができる;上記(1)の方法に比べて、さらに粒子成長が促進され、比表面積が小さく、粒径が大きく、耐久性に優れた高輝度の蛍光体を得ることができる;等の利点がある。
この溶液IのSiF6源としては、SiとFとを含む化合物であって、溶液への溶解性に優れるものであれば良く、H2SiF6、Na2SiF6、(NH4)2SiF6、Rb2SiF6、Cs2SiF6等を用いることができる。これらのうち、水への溶解度が高く、不純物としてアルカリ金属元素を含まないことにより、H2SiF6が好ましい。これらのSiF6源は1種を単独で用いても良く、2種以上を併用しても良い。
溶液IIのK源としては、KF、KHF2、KOH、KCl、KBr、KI、酢酸カリウム、K2CO3等の水溶性カリウム塩を用いることができるが、中でも溶液中のフッ化水素濃度を下げることなく溶解することができ、また、溶解熱が小さいために安全性が高いことによりKHF2が好ましい。
この方法も、貧溶媒を使用しないことが特徴であり、上記(2-1)の方法と同様の利点がある。
さらに、この(2-2)の方法によれば、K2MnF6が溶液中に溶解しているため、上記(2-1)の方法に比べて、均質にMnを付活させることができる。よって、Mn濃度の仕込み組成に対して実際に付活されるMn濃度が線形的に制御されるので、工業的に品質管理を行ないやすいという利点がある。
溶液IIIのSiF6源としては、SiとFとを含む化合物であって、溶液への溶解性に優れるものであれば良く、H2SiF6、Na2SiF6、(NH4)2SiF6、Rb2SiF6、Cs2SiF6等を用いることができる。これらのうち、水への溶解度が高く、不純物としてアルカリ金属元素を含まないことにより、H2SiF6が好ましい。これらのSiF6源は1種を単独で用いても良く、2種以上を併用しても良い。
溶液IVのK源としては、KF、KHF2、KOH、KCl、KBr、KI、酢酸カリウム、K2CO3等の水溶性カリウム塩を用いることができる。中でも、溶液中のフッ化水素濃度を下げることなく溶解することができ、また、溶解熱が小さいために安全性が高いことによりKHF2が好ましい。K源は、1種を単独で用いても良く、2種以上を併用しても良い。
本発明の蛍光体は、蛍光体を使用する任意の用途に用いることができる。また、本発明の蛍光体は、本発明の蛍光体を単独で使用することも可能であるが、本発明の蛍光体を2種以上併用したり、本発明の蛍光体とその他の蛍光体とを併用したりした、任意の組み合わせの蛍光体混合物として用いることも可能である。
本発明のカラー画像表示装置に使用される蛍光体層又は蛍光体膜に使用される緑色蛍光体としては、好ましくは515~550nm、より好ましくは515~535nmの波長領域に1以上の発光ピーク波長を有する様々な蛍光体を使用することが可能である。そのような色純度の高い画像を実現するための緑色蛍光体としては、酸窒化物蛍光体、サイアロン蛍光体、アルミン酸塩系蛍光体、オルトケイ酸塩系蛍光体が挙げられる。中でも、ユーロピウム及び/又はセリウムで付活された酸窒化物蛍光体、ユーロピウムで付活されたサイアロン蛍光体、ユーロピウム付活されたMn含有アルミン酸塩系蛍光体及びユーロピウム付活されたオルトケイ酸塩系蛍光体が好ましい。
[2-2-3-1]ユーロピウム及び/又はセリウムで付活された酸窒化物蛍光体
該緑色蛍光体の他の具体例として、下記一般式(G6)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
M1xBayM2zLuOvNw (G6)
但し、一般式(G6)中、M1はCr、Mn、Fe、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm及びYbからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種類の付活元素を示し、M2はSr、Ca、Mg及びZnからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の2価の金属元素を示し、Lは周期律表第4族及び14族に属する金属元素からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の金属元素を示し、x、y、z、u、v及びwは、それぞれ以下の範囲の数値である。
0.00001≦x≦3
0≦y≦2.99999
2.6≦x+y+z≦3
0<u≦11
6<v≦25
0<w≦17)
上記一般式(G6)において、M1は付活元素である。
CuKαのX線源を用いたX線回折測定において回折角(2θ)26.9~28.2゜の範囲(R0)に回折ピークが観測される結晶相である。当該回折ピーク(P0)を基準回折ピークとし、P0のブラッグ角(θ0)より導かれる5つの回折ピーク(但し、20.9°~22.9°の角度範囲にある回折ピークは除く)を低角度側から順にそれぞれP1、P2、P3、P4及びP5とし、これらの回折ピークの回折角の角度範囲を、R1、R2、R3、R4及びR5としたときに、R1、R2、R3、R4及びR5が、それぞれ
R1=R1s~R1e、
R2=R2s~R2e、
R3=R3s~R3e、
R4=R4s~R4e、
R5=R5s~R5eの角度範囲を示すものである。
また、R1、R2、R3、R4及びR5の全ての範囲に回折ピークが少なくとも1本存在し、且つ、P0、P1、P2、P3、P4及びP5のうち、回折ピーク高さが最も高い回折ピークの高さに対して、P0の強度が回折ピーク高さ比で20%以上の強度を有するものであり、P1、P2、P3、P4又はP5の少なくとも1以上のピーク強度が回折ピーク高さ比で5%以上、好ましくは9%以上である結晶相をいう。
R1s:2×arcsin{sin(θ0)/(1.994×1.015)}
R1e:2×arcsin{sin(θ0)/(1.994×0.985)}
R2s:2×arcsin{sin(θ0)/(1.412×1.015)}
R2e:2×arcsin{sin(θ0)/(1.412×0.985)}
R3s:2×arcsin{sin(θ0)/(1.155×1.015)}
R3e:2×arcsin{sin(θ0)/(1.155×0.985)}
R4s:2×arcsin{sin(θ0)/(0.894×1.015)}
R4e:2×arcsin{sin(θ0)/(0.894×0.985)}
R5s:2×arcsin{sin(θ0)/(0.756×1.015)}
R5e:2×arcsin{sin(θ0)/(0.756×0.985)}
上記蛍光体の具体例としては、例えばEP1413618号公報及び特表2005-530917号公報、並びに特開2004-134805号公報等に記載される公知の蛍光体が挙げられる。
また、緑色蛍光体の他の具体例としては、例えば、2005年3月23日独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構により発表された筑波研究学園都市記者会、文部科学記者会、及び科学記者会資料「白色LED用緑色蛍光体の開発に成功」に記載のユーロピウムで付活されたβ-SiAlON等が挙げられる。
該緑色蛍光体の他の具体例として、下記一般式(G7)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
R1-aEuaM1-bMnbA10O17 (G7)
(式(G7)において、a、bは、それぞれ0.05<a≦1、0.6<a/b<5、0.01<b≦0.9を満足する数であり、Rは、Ba、Sr、及びCaからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の元素を示し、Mは、Mg及び/又はZnを示し、Aは、Al、Ga、Sc、及びBからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の元素を示す。)
このうち、aが0.05以下の場合には波長400nmの光により励起した際の前記結晶相の発光強度が低くなる傾向にある。aが0.05<a≦1を満足する数の化学組成を有する結晶相は、発光強度が高いので好ましい。同様の理由で、aは、0.1≦a≦1がより好ましく、0.2≦a≦1が更に好ましく、0.25≦a≦1が特に好ましく、0.3≦a≦1が最も好ましい。
また、a/bが0.6以下の場合には、波長400nmの励起光を十分に吸収できずに、第2の発光体からの発光強度が小さくなる傾向にある。一方、a/bが5以上の場合には、緑色発光強度より青色発光強度が強くなり色純度の良い緑色発光が得られにくい。a/bが0.6<a/b<5を満足する化学組成を有する結晶相は、波長450nm近傍の青色発光強度に対する波長515nm近傍の緑色発光強度の比が高く、緑色純度が高く、演色性の良い発光装置が得られるので好ましい。同様の理由で、a/b≧0.8が好ましく、a/b≧1がより好ましい。また、a/b≦4が好ましく、a/b≦3がより好ましい。
上記一般式(G7)におけるRで表される元素としては、Ba、Sr、及びCaからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の元素であるが、Ba及び/又はSrとなる化学組成を有する結晶相を含有することが高い発光強度が得られるため好ましい。また、BaをR全体の50モル%以上とし、かつ、SrをR全体の10モル%以上とすることが高い発光強度が得られるのでより好ましい。
上記一般式(G7)におけるMで表される元素としては、Mg及び/又はZnであるが、Mgである化学組成を有する結晶相を含有することが高い発光強度が得られるため好ましい。
上記一般式(G7)におけるAで表される元素としては、Al、Ga、Sc、及びBからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の元素であるが、A全体の50モル%以上がAlとなる化学組成を有する結晶相を含有していることが、高い発光強度を得る上で好ましい。さらに、A全体の99モル%以上がAlであることが、発光特性が良好となりより好ましい。
これらの中でも、上記組成の蛍光体の結晶相にアルカリ金属を含有し、かつ、Euが置換しうるサイト数に対するアルカリ金属元素の含有率が3モル%以下である蛍光体が近紫外光で励起した場合でも安定して高い発光強度及び輝度を有し、かつ、温度特性にも優れているため好ましい。
上記アルカリ金属元素としては、Li、Na、Kが好ましく、Na、Kが特に好ましい。
また、上記アルカリ金属元素の含有率としては、好ましくは0.1モル%以上、より好ましくは0.2モル%以上、更に好ましくは0.3モル%以上、特に好ましくは0.5モル%以上であり、好ましくは2.6モル%以下、より好ましくは2.3モル%以下、更に好ましくは2モル%以下、中でも好ましくは1.8モル%以下、特に好ましくは1.6モル%以下である。
さらに、上記蛍光体としては、アニオン元素としてFを含有しているものが好ましい。F元素の含有率としては、上記組成の蛍光体の結晶相のEuが置換しうるサイト数に対して、0モル%より大きく、好ましくは0.01モル%以上、より好ましくは0.05モル%以上、更に好ましくは0.1モル%以上であり、通常、10モル%以下、好ましくは5モル%以下、より好ましくは3モル%以下である。
このような蛍光体は、国際公開2008/123498号パンフレットにも記載されているように、原料混合物の焼成時にフラックスとして1価金属のハロゲン化物を所定濃度で共存させることにより得ることができる。
これらの蛍光体は、温度25℃で測定を行なった、励起波長340nmでの発光ピーク強度に対する励起波長400nmでの発光ピーク強度の減少率(%)が29%以下のものであり、好ましくは26%以下、より好ましくは23%以下となる。
また、温度25℃で測定を行なった、励起波長382nmでの発光ピーク強度に対する励起波長390nmでの発光ピーク強度の減少率が3.1%以下のものであり、好ましくは2.5%以下、より好ましくは2%以下、更に好ましくは1.5%以下となる。
なお、これらの発光ピーク強度の減少率は、通常、0%以上である。
上記励起スペクトルは、例えば、励起光源として150Wキセノンランプを、スペクトル測定装置として、マルチチャンネルCCD検出器C7041(浜松フォトニクス社製)を備える蛍光測定装置(日本分光社製)を用いて行なうことができる。
[2-2-3-4]ユーロピウム付活されたオルトケイ酸塩系蛍光体
緑色蛍光体の他の具体例として、下記一般式(G8)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
(M1(1-x)M2x)αSiOβ (G8)
(式(G8)中、M1は、Ba、Ca、Sr、Zn及びMgからなる群より選ばれる1種以上の元素を表わし、M2は、2価及び3価の原子価を取り得る1種以上の金属元素を表わす。x、α及びβは各々、0.01<x<0.3、1.5≦α≦2.5、及び、3.5≦β≦4.5を満たす数を表わす。)
中でも、M1は、少なくともBaを含有することが好ましい。この場合、MI全体に対するBaのモル比は、通常0.5以上、中でも0.55以上、更には0.6以上、また、通常1未満、中でも0.97以下、更には0.9以下、特に0.8以下が好ましい。
さらに、M1は、少なくともBa及びSrを含有することが好ましい。ここで、M1全体に対するBa及びSrのモル比をそれぞれ[Ba]及び[Sr]とすると、[Ba]及び[Sr]の合計に対する[Ba]の割合、即ち、[Ba]/([Ba]+[Sr])で表わされる値が、通常0.5より大きく、中でも0.6以上、更には0.65以上、また、通常1以下、中でも0.9以下、更には0.8以下であることが好ましい。
また、[Ba]と[Sr]との相対比、即ち、[Ba]/[Sr]で表わされる値が、通常1より大きく、中でも1.2以上、更には1.5以上、特に1.8以上、また、通常15以下、中でも10以下、更には5以下、特に3.5以下であることが好ましい。
また、前記式(G8)において、M1が少なくともSrを含有する場合、Srの一部がCaによって置換されていてもよい。この場合、Caによる置換量は、Srの全量に対するCa置換量のモル比率の値で、通常10モル%以下、中でも5モル%以下、更には2モル%以下であることが好ましい。
また、Siは、Ge等の他の元素によって一部置換されていてもよい。但し、緑色の発光強度等の面から、Siが他の元素によって置換されている割合は、できるだけ少ない方が好ましい。具体的には、Ge等の他の元素をSiの20モル%以下含んでいてもよく、全てがSiからなることがより好ましい。
前記式(G8)中、M2は、付活元素として挙げられているもので、2価及び3価の原子価を取り得る1種以上の金属元素を表わす。具体例としては、Cr、Mn等の遷移金属元素;Eu、Sm、Tm、Yb等の希土類元素;等が挙げられる。M2としては、これらの元素のうち何れか一種を単独で含有していてもよく、二種以上を任意の組み合わせ及び比率で併有していてもよい。中でも、M2としてはSm、Eu、Ybが好ましく、Euが特に好ましい。
前記式(G8)中、xは、M2のモル数を表わす数であり、具体的には、通常0.01より大きく、好ましくは0.04以上、更に好ましくは0.05以上、特に好ましくは0.06以上、また、通常0.3未満、好ましくは0.2以下、更に好ましくは0.16以下の数を表わす。
前記式(G8)中、αは2に近いことが好ましく、通常1.5以上、好ましくは1.7以上、更に好ましくは1.8以上、また、通常2.5以下、好ましくは2.2以下、更に好ましくは2.1以下の数を表わし、特に好ましくは2である。
前記式(G8)中、βは、通常3.5以上、好ましくは3.8以上、更に好ましくは3.9以上、また、通常4.5以下、好ましくは4.4以下、更に好ましくは4.1以下の数を表わす。
また、特定組成蛍光体は、前記式(G8)に記載された元素、即ちM1、M2、Si(ケイ素)及びO(酸素)以外に、アルカリ金属元素、アルカリ土類金属元素、亜鉛(Zn)、イットリウム(Y)、アルミニウム(Al)、スカンジウム(Sc)、リン(P)、窒素(N)、希土類元素、ハロゲン元素等の1価の元素、2価の元素、3価の元素、-1価の元素及び-3価の元素からなる群から選ばれる元素(これを以下適宜「微量元素」という。)を含有していてもよく、特にアルカリ金属元素又はハロゲン元素を含有しているものが好ましい。
上記の微量元素の含有量の合計は、通常1ppm以上、好ましくは3ppm以上、更に好ましくは5ppm以上、また、通常100ppm以下、好ましくは50ppm以下、更に好ましくは30ppm以下である。特定組成蛍光体が複数種の微量元素を含有する場合には、それらの合計量が上記範囲を満たすようにする。
上述のような式(G8)で表される蛍光体としては、国際公開2007/052405号パンフレットに記載されているものが挙げられる。特に、原料混合物又はそれを焼成して得られる蛍光体前駆体を焼成し、該焼成の後で強還元性雰囲気下において、フラックスとして蛍光体中のケイ素(Si)に対するモル比で0.05モル以上SrCl2を単独、もしくは、さらに0.1モル以上のCsClの存在下で焼成する工程を経て得られたものが高い外部量子効率を有するため好ましい。
また焼成時には、固体カーボンを共存させる等の強還元雰囲気下で焼成を行なうのが好ましい。
このような式(G8)で表される蛍光体は、ピーク波長400nm又は455nmの光で励起した場合の発光ピーク半値幅が75nm以下であり、かつピーク波長400nm又は455nmの光で励起した場合の、下記式で規定される外部量子効率が0.59以上、好ましくは0.60以上、より好ましくは0.63以上、更に好ましくは0.65以上であるという特性を有するものである。
(外部量子効率)=(内部量子効率)×(吸収効率)
以上、赤色蛍光体、及び緑色蛍光体について説明したが、表1に、上述した各色蛍光体の好ましい組み合わせを例示する。
本発明の発光装置は、上述の固体発光素子と上述の緑色及び赤色蛍光体を使用している他はその構成は制限されず、後述するような青色の蛍光を発する蛍光体(以下、適宜「青色蛍光体」という)、緑色の蛍光を発する蛍光体(以下、適宜「緑色蛍光体」という)、黄色の蛍光を発する蛍光体(以下、適宜「黄色蛍光体」という)等の公知の蛍光体を目的に応じた配合量で任意に組み合わせて使用し、公知の装置構成をとることにより得られる。
なお、発光装置の発光スペクトルは、気温25±1℃に保たれた室内において、例えば、オーシャン オプティクス社製の色・照度測定ソフトウェア及びUSB2000シリーズ分光器(積分球仕様)を用いて20mA通電して測定を行なうことができる。この発光スペクトルの380nm~780nmの波長領域のデータから、JIS Z8701で規定されるXYZ表色系における色度座標として色度値(x,y,z)を算出できる。この場合、x+y+z=1の関係式が成立する。本明細書においては、前記XYZ表色系をXY表色系と称している場合があり、通常(x,y)で表記している。
本発明の発光装置においては、上述した緑色及び赤色蛍光体を含有するとともに、その用途や励起源となる固体発光素子の発光波長等に応じて適宜、後述する第2の蛍光体(青色蛍光体、緑色蛍光体、黄色蛍光体、橙色蛍光体等)を含有する。また、例えば、これらの蛍光体はそれぞれ単独で又は混合して蛍光体組成物として、封止材料中に分散させて用いられる。
これら発光装置に用いられる蛍光体の重量メジアン径は、通常2μm以上、中でも5μm以上、また、通常30μm以下、中でも20μm以下の範囲であることが好ましい。重量メジアン径が小さ過ぎると、輝度が低下し、蛍光体粒子が凝集してしまう傾向がある。一方、重量メジアン径が大き過ぎると、塗布ムラやディスペンサー等の閉塞が生じる傾向がある。
本発明の赤色蛍光体と併用し得る橙色ないし赤色蛍光体としては、本発明の効果を著しく損なわない限り任意のものを使用することができる。
この際、同色併用蛍光体である橙色ないし赤色蛍光体の発光ピーク波長は、通常570nm以上、好ましくは580nm以上、より好ましくは585nm以上、また、通常780nm以下、好ましくは700nm以下、より好ましくは680nm以下にあることが好適である。
本発明の緑色蛍光体と併用し得る緑色蛍光体としては、本発明の効果を著しく損なわない限り任意のものを使用することができる。
第2の蛍光体として緑色蛍光体を使用する場合、当該緑色蛍光体は本発明の効果を著しく損なわない限り任意のものを使用することができる。この際、緑色蛍光体の発光ピーク波長は、通常500nmより大きく、中でも510nm以上、更には515nm以上、また、通常550nm以下、中でも542nm以下、更には535nm以下であることが好ましい。この発光ピーク波長が短過ぎると青味を帯びる傾向がある一方で、長過ぎると黄味を帯びる傾向があり、何れも緑色光としての特性が低下する場合がある。
本発明の発光装置に青色蛍光体を使用する場合、当該青色蛍光体は本発明の効果を著しく損なわない限り任意のものを使用することができる。この際、青色蛍光体の発光ピーク波長は、通常420nm以上、好ましくは430nm以上、より好ましくは440nm以上、また、通常490nm以下、好ましくは480nm以下、より好ましくは470nm以下、更に好ましくは460nm以下にあることが好適である。使用する青色蛍光体の発光ピーク波長がこの範囲にあると、本発明に用いられる赤色蛍光体の励起帯と重なり、当該青色蛍光体からの青色光により、本発明で用いられる赤色蛍光体を効率良く励起することができるからである。
上記のうち、(Sr,Ca,Ba,Mg)10(PO4)6Cl2:Euで表される蛍光体としては、後述の合成例I-7に記載されているような多段焼成工程を有し、かつ、2段階目以降の焼成工程において、フラックスを使用して得られるものが好ましい。このような蛍光体としては、国際公開2009/005035号パンフレットに記載されているようなものが挙げられる。
又、(Ca、Sr,Ba)MgAl10O17:Euで表される蛍光体としては、該蛍光体の結晶相中にアルカリ金属を含有し、かつ、Euが置換しうるサイト数に対するアルカリ金属元素の含有率が3%以下である蛍光体が近紫外光で励起した場合でも安定して高い発光強度及び輝度を有し、かつ、温度特性にも優れているため好ましい。
また、上記蛍光体としては、アニオン元素としてFを含有しているものが好ましい。
上記アルカリ金属元素の種類及び含有率、並びに、F元素の含有率としては、前述の一般式(G7)について記載したものと同様である。このような蛍光体としては、国際公開2008/123498号パンフレットに記載されているように、原料混合物の焼成時にフラックスとして1価金属のハロゲン化物を所定濃度で共存させることにより得ることができる。
中でも、上記青色蛍光体は、励起光の波長が400nm又は405nmの場合の、該蛍光体の温度が25℃のときの発光ピーク強度に対する100℃のときの発光ピーク強度の変化率が、30%以下であるものを用いるのが好ましい。また、より好ましくは25%以下、さらに好ましくは22%以下、またさらに好ましくは18%以下、特に好ましくは15%以下である。
本発明の発光装置に置いては、温度依存性の優れた緑色及び赤色蛍光体を用いているため、青色蛍光体についてもこのような特性を有していることが、色ずれを防ぐこととなり好ましい。
尚、該青色蛍光体の温度依存性については、励起光の波長を400nm又は405nmとする以外は上述の緑色及び赤色蛍光体の温度依存性の測定と同様にして測定することができる。
本発明の発光装置に黄色蛍光体を使用する場合、当該黄色蛍光体は本発明の効果を著しく損なわない限り任意のものを使用することができる。この際、黄色蛍光体の発光ピーク波長は、通常530nm以上、好ましくは540nm以上、より好ましくは550nm以上、また、通常620nm以下、好ましくは600nm以下、より好ましくは580nm以下の波長範囲にあることが好適である。
特に、RE3M5O12:Ce(ここで、REは、Y、Tb、Gd、Lu、及びSmからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の元素を表し、Mは、Al、Ga、及びScからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の元素を表す。)やMa 3Mb 2Mc 3O12:Ce(ここで、Maは2価の金属元素、Mbは3価の金属元素、Mcは4価の金属元素を表す。)等で表されるガーネット構造を有するガーネット系蛍光体、AE2MdO4:Eu(ここで、AEは、Ba、Sr、Ca、Mg、及びZnからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の元素を表し、Mdは、Si、及び/又はGeを表す。)等で表されるオルソシリケート系蛍光体、これらの系の蛍光体の構成元素の酸素の一部を窒素で置換した酸窒化物系蛍光体、AEAlSiN3:Ce(ここで、AEは、Ba、Sr、Ca、Mg及びZnからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の元素を表す。)等のCaAlSiN3構造を有する窒化物系蛍光体等のCeで付活した蛍光体が挙げられる。
上記各蛍光体の使用量、並びに、蛍光体の組み合わせ及びその比率等は、発光装置の用途等に応じて任意に設定すればよい。
一方、本発明の発光装置を白色発光の発光装置として構成する場合には、所望の白色光が得られるように、赤色蛍光体と緑色蛍光体とを有し、さらに必要に応じて、青色蛍光体及び/又は黄色蛍光体等を適切に組み合わせればよい。具体的に、本発明の発光装置を白色発光の発光装置として構成する場合における、蛍光体の好ましい組み合わせの例としては、以下の(A)又は(B)の組み合わせが挙げられる。
中でも、ディスプレイの色再現範囲を飛躍的に向上できるので、赤、青、緑の3種類とも発光ピーク半値幅の狭い蛍光体を用いることが好ましく、具体的には、近紫外LEDと、本発明の赤色蛍光体と、緑色蛍光体である(Ba,Sr)MgAl10O17:Eu,Mnと、青色蛍光体である(Sr,Ca,Ba,Mg)10(PO4)6(Cl,F)2:Euとを組み合わせて用いることが好ましい。
本発明の発光装置においては、上記蛍光体は、通常、封止材料(バインダー)である液体媒体に分散させた蛍光体含有組成物の状態で用いられる。本発明の蛍光体を液体媒体中に分散させたものを、適宜「本発明の蛍光体含有組成物」と呼ぶものとする。
[3-2-1.液体媒体]
本発明の蛍光体含有組成物に使用される液体媒体としては、該蛍光体の性能を目的の範囲で損なわない限りにおいて特に限定されないが、通常、固体発光素子を覆ってモールディングすることのできる硬化性材料を用いることができる。
硬化性材料とは、流体状の材料であって、何らかの硬化処理を施すことにより硬化する材料のことをいう。ここで、流体状とは、例えば液状又はゲル状のことをいう。硬化性材料は、固体発光素子から発せられた光を蛍光体へ導く役割を担保するものであれば、具体的な種類に制限は無い。また、硬化性材料は、1種のみを用いてもよく、2種以上を任意の組み合わせ及び比率で併用してもよい。
したがって、硬化性材料としては、所望の使用条件下において液状の性質を示し、本発明の蛍光体を好適に分散させるとともに、好ましくない反応を生じないものであればよく、無機系材料及び有機系材料並びに両者の混合物のいずれを用いることも可能である。
珪素含有化合物とは分子中に珪素原子を有する化合物をいい、ポリオルガノシロキサン等の有機材料(シリコーン系化合物)、酸化ケイ素、窒化ケイ素、酸窒化ケイ素等の無機材料、及びホウケイ酸塩、ホスホケイ酸塩、アルカリケイ酸塩等のガラス材料を挙げることができる。中でも、透明性、接着性、ハンドリングの容易さ、機械的、熱適応力の緩和特性に優れる等の点から、シリコーン系材料が好ましい。
液体媒体の含有率は、本発明の効果を著しく損なわない限り任意であるが、本発明の蛍光体含有組成物全体に対して、通常25重量%以上、好ましくは40重量%以上であり、また、通常99重量%以下、好ましくは95重量%以下、より好ましくは80重量%以下である。液体媒体の量が多い場合には特段の問題は起こらないが、半導体発光装置とした場合に所望の色度座標、演色指数、発光効率等を得るには、通常、上記のような含有率で液体媒体を用いることが望ましい。一方、液体媒体が少な過ぎると流動性が低下し取り扱い難くなる可能性がある。
拡散剤としては平均粒径が100nm~数10μmの大きさで無色の物質がよい。アルミナ、ジルコニア、イットリア等は-60~120℃の実用温度域で安定であるので、拡散剤としてより好ましく用いることができる。更に屈折率が高ければ拡散剤の効果は高くなるのでより好ましい。
また、粒径の大きな蛍光体を用いる場合には蛍光体の沈降により色むらや色ズレを生じやすいため、バインダに沈降防止剤を添加することが好ましい。沈降防止剤としては例えば、「日本アエロジル社製、商品名:AEROSIL#200」、「トクヤマ社製、商品名:レオロシール」等の、粒径約10nmの超微粒子状シリカ、ヒュームドシリカ(乾式シリカ)が一般的である。
本発明の発光装置は、上述の固体発光素子及び蛍光体を備えていれば、そのほかの構成は特に制限されないが、通常は、適当なフレーム上に上述の固体発光素子及び蛍光体を配置する。この際、固体発光素子の発光によって蛍光体が励起されて発光を生じ、且つ、この固体発光素子の発光及び/又は蛍光体の発光が、外部に取り出されるように配置されることになる。この場合、複数の蛍光体が必ずしも同一の層中に混合されなくてもよい。例えば、蛍光体の発色毎に別々の層に蛍光体を含有させ、それらを積層するようにしてもよい。
以下、本発明の発光装置について、具体的な実施の形態を挙げて、より詳細に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の範囲において任意に変形して実施することができる。
ここで、上記赤色蛍光体がフッ素錯体蛍光体である場合には、下記の(a)~(c)のうちの少なくとも1つの構成を有すると発光装置の耐久性向上、具体的には温度85℃、湿度85%における発光装置の経時劣化が抑えられるという点で好ましい。
(a)固体発光素子と該フッ素錯体蛍光体含有層との間に、前記フッ素錯体蛍光体を含まない材料層を有する。
(b)発光装置の表面の一部又は全部が前記フッ素錯体蛍光体を含まない材料層で被覆されている。
(c)該赤色蛍光体含有層が、前記フッ素錯体蛍光体を含まない材料層で被覆されている。
それぞれの態様について、以下に詳述する。
[3-4-1.態様(a)]
上述の(a)の構成を有する発光装置について、具体的に説明するための一態様を図22に示す。
図22では、半導体発光素子(110)の上部にフッ素錯体蛍光体を含まない材料層である材料層C(112)が存在し、その上にフッ素錯体蛍光体含有層である材料層B(111)が積層されている。
材料層Cを構成する材料としては、光透過性を有し、かつ、熱、光及び薬品に対する化学安定性の高い材料であれば、特に限定されないが、このうち、汎用性及び取り扱い性の点から樹脂が好ましい。
材料層Cに用いられる樹脂として、具体的には、シリコーン樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、フッ素含有飽和又は不飽和脂肪族炭化水素系樹脂、ポリエチレン等のポリオレフィン系樹脂、ポリカーボネート、ポリエチレンテレフタレート等のポリエステル等が挙げられる。このうち、半導体発光素子(110)とフッ素錯体蛍光体含有層(111)との密着性を有するという点で、シリコーン樹脂が好ましい。
該シリコーン樹脂としては、上述の液体媒体の項で記載したようなものが挙げられるが、このうち好ましくは付加型シリコーン樹脂が挙げられる。このような樹脂として、具体的には信越化学工業社製SCR1011や1016が挙げられる。
上記材料層Cを構成する樹脂のGPC法による重量平均分子量としては、通常、500以上、好ましくは1000以上であり、通常、100万以下、好ましくは50万以下が挙げられる。
また、上記材料層Cの厚さとしては、発光装置(カップ)の大きさにも依存するが、通常、100μm以上、好ましくは200μm以上、より好ましくは250μm以上であり、また通常500μm以下、好ましくは400μm以下、より好ましくは300μm以下である。材料層Cが薄すぎるとその効果を生じない場合がある。また、厚すぎると、発光装置の製造の手間及びコストの点で好ましくない。
[3-4-2.態様(b)]
上述の(b)の構成を有する発光装置について、具体的に説明するための一態様を図23(a)~(c)に示す。
図23(a)では、半導体発光素子(110)の上部にフッ素錯体蛍光体含有層である材料層B(111)を形成させた上に、フッ素錯体蛍光体を含まない材料層である材料層D(113)を積層させることで、発光装置の表面を覆っている。
また、図23(b)では、図23(a)の態様にさらに、上記[3-4-1]で記載の態様を加えたものである。
さらに、図23(c)は材料層D(113)が発光装置全体を覆っている態様を示す。
上記材料層Dを構成する材料としては、上述の材料層Cに記載のものと同様のものが挙げられるが、ガスバリヤ性を有する材料の方が好ましい。これは、発光装置内のフッ素錯体蛍光体と水分とが反応することにより、発光装置内にフッ化水素が生じ、発光装置の性能に悪影響を与える場合があるためと推測される。
材料層Dを構成する材料として、好ましくは、フッ素含有飽和又は不飽和脂肪族炭化水素系樹脂、シリコーン樹脂及びエポキシ樹脂が挙げられ、より好ましくはフッ素含有飽和又は不飽和脂肪族炭化水素系樹脂、シリコーン樹脂である。上記フッ素含有飽和又は不飽和脂肪族炭化水素系樹脂としては、例えば、フロン工業社製エイトシールF-3000、フロン工業社製ファイン耐熱TFEコート、関西ペイント社製アレスフロンクリヤー等が挙げられる。シリコーン樹脂としては、信越化学工業社製SCR1011や1016等が挙げられる。
尚、材料層Dとして、エポキシ樹脂を用いる場合には、材料層Bとの間に別種の樹脂により形成された層を有する方がよりその効果が顕著となる。
上記材料層Dを構成する樹脂のGPC法による重量平均分子量としては、通常、500以上、好ましくは1000以上であり、通常、100万以下、好ましくは50万以下が挙げられる。
また、上記材料層Dの厚さとしては、発光装置の大きさにも依存するが、通常、50μm以上、好ましくは80μm以上、より好ましくは100μm以上、更に好ましくは150μm以上であり、また通常500μm以下、好ましくは400μm以下、より好ましくは300μm以下である。材料層Dが薄すぎるとその効果を生じない場合がある。また、厚すぎると、発光装置の製造の手間及びコストの点で好ましくない。
[3-4-3.態様(c)]
上述の(c)の構成を有する発光装置について、具体的に説明するための一態様を図24に示す。
図24では、フッ素錯体蛍光体含有層である材料層B(111)の周囲がフッ素錯体蛍光体を含まない材料層である材料層E(114)に被覆されている。
上記材料層Eを構成する材料としては、特にフッ素錯体蛍光体との反応性基を有さないものが好ましく、フッ素含有飽和又は不飽和脂肪族炭化水素系樹脂、又はシリコーン樹脂が挙げられる。
上記材料層Eを構成する樹脂のGPC法による重量平均分子量としては、上述の材料層C及びDを構成する樹脂と同様の分子量のものが挙げられる。
また、上記材料層Dの厚さとしては、発光装置の大きさにも依存するが、通常、1μm以上、好ましくは2μm以上、より好ましくは5μm以上、更に好ましくは10μm以上であり、また通常50μm以下、好ましくは30μm以下、より好ましくは20μm以下である。
このとき、材料層Eで被覆された材料層B以外の部分は、上述の材料層C又はDを形成するような樹脂で満たしてもよい。
このような構成をとることにより耐久性が向上する。その理由は明らかではないが、特定の層を有することにより、フッ化物錯体蛍光体の劣化が抑えられる、及び/又はLEDチップ周囲のバイパス電流を下げることができることによると推察される。
本発明の発光装置の用途は特に制限されず、通常の発光装置が用いられる各種の分野に使用することが可能であるが、演色性が高い、色再現範囲が広い等から、照明装置や画像表示装置の光源として、とりわけ好適に用いられる。
本発明の発光装置を照明装置に適用する場合には、前述のような発光装置を公知の照明装置に適宜組み込んで用いればよい。例えば、図5に示されるような、前述の発光装置(4)を組み込んだ面発光照明装置(11)を挙げることができる。
本発明の発光装置を画像表示装置の光源として用いる場合には、その画像表示装置の具体的構成に制限は無いが、カラーフィルターとともに用いることが好ましい。例えば、画像表示装置として、カラー液晶表示素子を利用したカラー画像表示装置とする場合は、上記発光装置をバックライトとし、液晶を利用した光シャッターと赤、緑、青の画素を有するカラーフィルターとを組み合わせることにより画像表示装置を形成することができる。本態様については、下記にさらに詳述する。
[4.カラー画像表示装置]
本発明の発光装置は、その発光波長に最適なカラーフィルターを組み合わせることにより、色純度の高い画像表示を実現できる。すなわち、前記発光装置は、狭帯域で発光ピーク強度が高く、温度特性に優れた青色、緑色、赤色の発光を組み合わせた光源であるため、高いNTSC比においても従来よりも光利用効率が高く、高温になるパワーデバイスの半導体発光素子を用いることによっても発光ピーク強度が安定し、色ずれも少ない、優れた画像表示装置を得ることができる。
以下に本発明のカラー画像表示装置の実施態様の一例を詳細に説明する。
特に固体半導体発光素子として、深青色領域又は紫外領域の光を発する固体発光素子を用いた場合により光利用効率が高くなる傾向にあり好ましい。
Y≧-0.4W+64‥(a) (ただし、W≧85)
Y≧-0.4W+66‥(b) (ただし、W≧85)
Y≧-0.4W+71(c) (ただし、W≧85)
Y≧-0.4W+73‥(d) (ただし、W≧85)
Y=-0.4W+64
が算出され、これにより上記式(a)、すなわち
Y≧-0.4W+64‥(a) (ただし、W≧85)
が得られる。
Y=-0.4W+66
から、上記式(b)、すなわち
Y≧-0.4W+66‥(b) (ただし、W≧85)
として得られる。
また、固体発光素子として近紫外LEDを使用し、青色蛍光体としてBaMgAl10O17:Eu、緑色蛍光体としてBaMgAl10O17:Eu,Mn、赤色蛍光体としてK2TiF6:Mnを用いる際には、上記と同様にして、上記式(c)が得られる。
また、さらに、固体発光素子として近紫外LEDを使用し、青色蛍光体としてSr5(PO4)3Cl:Eu、緑色蛍光体としてBaMgAl10O17:Eu,Mn、赤色蛍光体としてK2TiF6:Mnを用いる際には、上記と同様にして、上記式(d)が得られる。
尚、赤色蛍光体として、K2SiF6:Mnを用いても、同様にして上記式を導くことができる。
次に、カラー液晶表示装置に用いられるバックライト装置の構成について説明する。
バックライト装置の構成としては、白色発光する光源と、この光源からの光をほぼ均一な面光源に変換する光均一化手段とを具備する。
本発明のカラー画像表示装置に用いられるカラーフィルターは特に限定はないが、例えば下記のものを用いることができる。
印刷法によるカラーフィルターは、スクリーン印刷法、グラビア印刷法、フレキソ印刷法、反転印刷法、ソフトリソグラフィー法(imprint Printing)等の方法で、熱硬化又は光硬化インキをガラス等の透明基板に転写して製造される。
電着法では、顔料又は染料を含んだ浴に電極を設けたガラス等の透明基板を浸し、電気泳動によりカラーフィルターを形成させる。
顔料分散法によるカラーフィルターは感光性樹脂に顔料等の色材を分散又は溶解した組成物をガラス等の透明基板上に塗布して塗膜を形成し、これにフォトマスクを介して放射線照射による露光を行い、未露光部を現像処理により除去してパターンを形成するものである。
これらの方法の他にもカラーフィルターは、色材を分散又は溶解したポリイミド系樹脂組成物を塗布しエッチング法により画素画像を形成する方法、色材を含んでなる樹脂組成物を塗布したフィルムを透明基板に張り付けて剥離し画像露光、現像して画素画像を形成する方法、インクジェットプリンターにより画素画像像を形成する方法等によっても製造できる。
以下、本発明に係るカラーフィルターの製造方法の具体例を示す。
本発明に係るカラーフィルターは、ブラックマトリクスが設けられた透明基板上に通常、赤、緑、青の画素画像を形成することにより製造することができる。透明基板への各色画素の形成に際しては、基本的には、バックライトの発光スペクトルの赤領域、青領域及び緑領域のピーク波長を最もよく透過するように、顔料、膜厚を最適化する。より詳しくは、白色点、バックライトのスペクトルの色度指標、要求するNTSC比をカラーマッチングシステムで計算し、最適な顔料、膜厚を設定する。
本発明のカラー画像表示装置に用いられるカラーフィルター用組成物(レジスト)は特に限定はないが、例えば下記のものを用いることができる。
バインダ樹脂を単独で使用する場合は、目的とする画像の形成性や性能、採用したい製造方法等を考慮し、それに適したものを適宜選択する。バインダ樹脂を後述の単量体と併用する場合は、カラーフィルター用組成物の改質、光硬化後の物性改善のためにバインダ樹脂を添加する。従ってこの場合は、相溶性、皮膜形成性、現像性、接着性等の改善目的に応じて、バインダ樹脂を適宜選択する。
このような樹脂としては、例えば特開2005-154708号公報、第0090~0110段落に記載の樹脂を挙げることができる。
カルボキシル基含有の直鎖状アルカリ可溶性樹脂としては、カルボキシル基を有していれば特に限定されず、通常、カルボキシル基を含有する重合性単量体を重合して得られる。このような樹脂としては、例えば、特開2005-232432号公報、第0055~0066段落に記載の樹脂を挙げることができる。
前記(a-2)カルボキシル基含有樹脂の、カルボキシル基部分にエポキシ基含有不飽和化合物を付加させた樹脂が特に好ましい。
アクリル系樹脂としては、好ましくは、例えば、特開2006-161035号公報第0067~0086段落に記載の樹脂を挙げることができる。
単量体としては、重合可能な低分子化合物であれば特に制限はないが、エチレン性二重結合を少なくとも1つ有する付加重合可能な化合物(以下、「エチレン性化合物」と略す)が好ましい。エチレン性化合物とは、カラーフィルター用組成物が活性光線の照射を受けた場合、後述の光重合開始系の作用により付加重合し、硬化するようなエチレン性二重結合を有する化合物である。なお、本発明における単量体は、いわゆる高分子物質に相対する概念を意味し、狭義の単量体以外に二量体、三量体、オリゴマーも含有する概念を意味する。
色材としては、バックライトからの光をできるだけ効率良く利用するため、赤、緑、青のバックライトの発光波長に合わせて、それぞれの画素における当該蛍光体の発光波長での透過率をできるだけ高くし、その他の発光波長での透過率をできるだけ低くするように選ぶ必要がある。
まず赤画素を構成する赤色組成物(赤色レジスト)について説明する。
次に緑画素を構成する緑色組成物(緑色レジスト)について説明する。
本発明にかかる緑色組成物に用いられる顔料としては、アゾ系、フタロシアニン系等の有機顔料に加えて、種々の無機顔料も利用可能である。
具体的に例えば下記に示すピグメントナンバーの顔料を用いることができる。
また、上記緑色色材に、色の微調整のため、上述の黄色色材を混合してもよい。
次に青画素を構成する青色組成物(青色レジスト)について説明する。
また、赤,緑、青に係らず、色の微調整のため、必要に応じてさらに下記の顔料を使用しても良い。
カラーフィルター用組成物には、必要に応じ更に光重合開始系、熱重合防止剤、可塑剤、保存安定剤、表面保護剤、平滑剤、塗布助剤その他の添加剤を添加することができる。
カラーフィルター用組成物が(b)単量体としてエチレン性化合物を含む場合には、光を直接吸収し、あるいは光増感されて分解反応又は水素引き抜き反応を起こし、重合活性ラジカルを発生する機能を有する光重合開始系が必要である。
熱重合防止剤としては、例えば、ハイドロキノン、p-メトキシフェノール、ピロガロール、カテコール、2,6-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール、β-ナフトール等が用いられる。熱重合防止剤の配合量は、本発明のカラーフィルター用組成物の全固形分に対し0~3重量%の範囲であることが好ましい。
可塑剤としては、例えば、ジオクチルフタレート、ジドデシルフタレート、トリエチレングリコールジカプリレート、ジメチルグリコールフタレート、トリクレジルホスフェート、ジオクチルアジペート、ジブチルセバケート、トリアセチルグリセリン等が用いられる。これら可塑剤の配合量は、本発明のカラーフィルター用組成物の全固形分に対し10重量%以下の範囲であることが好ましい。
また、カラーフィルター用組成物中には、必要に応じて、感応感度を高める目的で、画像露光光源の波長に応じた増感色素を配合させることができる。
またカラーフィルター用組成物には、更に密着向上剤、塗布性向上剤、現像改良剤等を適宜添加することができる。
カラー画像表示装置は、半導体発光装置から発せられる紫外~近紫外光を吸収する吸収剤を含有する吸収部を有していることが好ましい。画像を表示するパネル部分に設けられていてもよいし、バックライトに設けられていてもよい。
[実施例I群:発光装置及びカラー画像表示装置の製造]
なお、以下の実施例において「部」は「重量部」を表す。
[1-1]合成例I-1:赤色蛍光体 K2TiF6:Mn(以下、「KTF」ともいう)
蛍光体の各原料の仕込み合成が、K2Ti0.95Mn0.05F6となるように原料化合物として、K2TiF6(4.743g)及びK2MnF6(0.2596g)を大気圧、室温のもとで、フッ化水素酸(47.3wt%) 40mlに攪拌しながらゆっくり添加して溶解させた。各原料化合物が全部溶解した後、溶液を攪拌しながら、アセトン60mlを240ml/hrの速度で添加して蛍光体を貧溶媒析出させた。得られた蛍光体をそれぞれ純水とアセトンで洗浄し、100℃で1時間乾燥させた。得られた蛍光体のX線回折パターンよりK2TiF6:Mnが合成されていることが確認できた。
蛍光体の各原料の仕込み組成が、Ba2.7Eu0.3Si6.9O12N3.2となるように原料化合物として、BaCO3(267g)、SiO2(136g)及びEu2O3(26.5g)を十分に攪拌混合した後、アルミナ乳鉢に充填した。これを温度調節器付き抵抗加熱式電気炉内に置き、大気圧下、5℃/分の昇温速度で1100℃まで加熱し、その温度で5時間保持した後、室温まで放冷した。得られた試料をアルミナ乳鉢上で、100μm以下まで粉砕した。
α型窒化珪素粉末95.5重量%、窒化アルミニウム粉末3.3重量%、酸化アルミニウム粉末0.4重量%及び酸化ユーロピウム粉末0.8重量%をメノウ乳鉢中で十分に混合した。この原料粉末を窒化ホウ素製坩堝に充填し、カーボンヒーターを有する加圧窒化炉で0.92MPaの加圧窒素雰囲気中、1950℃で12時間の加熱処理を行った。得られた焼成粉末を解砕後、篩を通し、洗浄処理を行った後に乾燥し、蛍光体粉末を得た。粉末X線回折測定により合成粉末が単一相のEu付活βサイアロン蛍光体であることが分かった。
蛍光体の各原料の仕込み合成が、K2Ti0.95Mn0.05F6となるように原料化合物として、K2TiF6(4.743g)及びK2MnF6(0.2569g)を大気圧、室温のもとで、フッ化水素酸(47.3wt%) 50mlに攪拌しながらゆっくり添加して溶解させた。各原料化合物が全部溶解した後、溶液を攪拌しながら、BaCO3(3.8987g)を溶液に添加して蛍光体BaTiF6:Mnを析出させた。得られた蛍光体をそれぞれ純水とアセトンで洗浄し、100℃で1時間乾燥させた。
蛍光体の各原料の仕込み組成が、K2Si0.9Mn0.1F6となるように原料化合物として、K2SiF6(1.7783g)とK2MnF6(0.2217g)を大気圧、室温のもとで、フッ化水素酸(47.3重量%)70mlに攪拌しながら添加して溶解させた。各原料化合物が全部溶解した後、溶液を攪拌しながら、アセトン70mlを240ml/hrの速度で添加して蛍光体を貧溶媒析出させた。得られた蛍光体をそれぞれエタノールで洗浄し、130℃で1時間乾燥して蛍光体1.7gを得た。
得られた蛍光体のX線回折パターンよりK2SiF6:Mnが合成されていることが確認できた。
蛍光体原料として炭酸バリウム(BaCO3)、酸化ユウロピウム(Eu2O3)、塩基性炭酸マグネシウム(Mg1モルあたりの質量93.17)、炭酸マンガン(MnCO3)及びα-アルミナ(Al2O3)を、また、焼成助剤としてフッ化アルミニウム(AlF3)を用いた。これらの蛍光体原料は、Ba0.455Sr0.245Eu0.3Mg0.7Mn0.3Al10O17で示す化学組成となるような量だけ秤量し、焼成助剤を蛍光体原料の総重量に対して0.8重量%となるように秤量し、乳鉢にて30分間混合し、アルミナ製の坩堝に充填した。焼成時の還元雰囲気をつくるため、アルミナ製坩堝を二重にして、内側の坩堝の周囲の空間にビーズ状グラファイトを設置し、大気中1550℃、2時間焼成した。得られた焼成物を解砕し、緑色蛍光体(GBAM)を得た。
SrCO3(関東化学社製)0.2モル、SrHPO4(関東化学社製)0.605モル、Eu2O3(信越化学社製 純度99.99%)0.050モル、及びSrCl2(関東化学社製)0.1モルを秤量し、小型V型ブレンダーで乾式混合した。
得られた原料混合物をアルミナ製坩堝に充填し、箱型電気炉中にセットした。大気中、大気圧下で、昇温速度5℃/分で1050℃まで昇温し、5時間保持して焼成物を得た(1次焼成)。
次いで、室温まで冷却した後、坩堝の内容物を取り出し、解砕した。
得られた焼成物にSrCl2を0.05モル加え、小型V型ブレンダーで混合した後、アルミナ製坩堝に充填し、1次焼成と同じ電気炉中に坩堝をセットした。水素含有窒素ガス(水素:窒素=4:96(体積比))を毎分2.5リットルで流通させながら、還元雰囲気中、大気圧下、昇温速度5℃/分で950℃まで昇温し、3時間保持した(2次焼成)。次いで、室温まで冷却した後、坩堝の内容物を取り出し、解砕した。
得られた焼成物にSrCl2を0.05モル加え、小型V型ブレンダーで混合した後、アルミナ製坩堝に充填した。再度、2次焼成と同じ電気炉中に坩堝をセットした。水素含有窒素ガス(水素:窒素=4:96(体積比))を毎分2.5リットルで流通させながら、還元雰囲気中、大気圧下、昇温速度5℃/分で1050℃まで昇温し、3時間保持した。
得られた焼成塊を粒径約5mm程度になるまで粗粉砕した後、ボールミルにて6時間処理して、蛍光体スラリーを得た。
蛍光体を洗浄するために、蛍光体スラリーを多量の水に攪拌混合させ、蛍光体粒子が沈降するまで静置させた後、上澄み液を捨てる作業を、上澄み液の電気伝導度が3mS/m以下になるまで繰り返した。上澄み液の電気伝導度が3mS/m以下になったことを確認した後、分級を行なうことにより微細粒子及び粗大粒子の蛍光体を除去した。
得られた蛍光体スラリーをpH=10のNa3PO4水溶液中に分散し、小粒子を分級除去した後、リン酸カルシウム処理を施した。脱水後、150℃で、10時間乾燥することにより蛍光体(SCA):Sr10(PO4)6Cl2:Euを得た。得られた蛍光体を400nmの光で励起した場合の発光ピーク波長は450nm、半値幅は29nmであった。
[1-8]蛍光体の温度依存性評価
前記[1-1]~[1-6]で製造した各蛍光体及び三菱化学社製赤色蛍光体「BR-101B」(CaAlSiN3:Eu、以下「CASN660」ともいう。)について、波長400nm及び455nmで励起した場合における輝度及び発光ピーク強度の温度依存性(以下、これらを纏めて「温度特性」という場合がある。)を測定した。
{1-(100℃における発光ピーク強度)/(25℃における発光ピーク強度)}×100 ・・・[A]
なお、蛍光体の励起光照射側の表面温度の測定値としては、放射温度計と熱電対による温度測定値を利用して補正した値を用いた。結果を下記表I0に示す。
尚、前記[1-7]で製造した青色蛍光体であるSCAについて、波長400nm励起での温度特性を測定した結果である発光ピーク強度の変化率は14%であった。
本発明のバックライトの製造例を示す。
発光装置を以下の手順で作製する。
製造例I-1において、緑色帯を発光する蛍光体として、BSONの代わりにβ-SiAlONを用いた以外は製造例I-1と同様にしてバックライト2(BL-2)を作製する。バックライト2は、455nm、542nm、631nmの波長領域にそれぞれ1つずつ発光波長ピークを有する。
製造例I-1において、赤色帯を発光する蛍光体として、KTFの代わりにBaTiF6:Mnを用いた以外は製造例I-1と同様にしてバックライト3(BL-3)を作製する。なお、BaTiF6:MnはUS 2006/0169998 A1に記載の蛍光体であり、その発光スペクトルが同文献に記載されている。同文献からわかるように、バックライト3は、455m、529nm、631nmの波長領域にそれぞれ1つずつ発光波長ピークを有する。
製造例I-1において、緑色帯を発光する蛍光体として、BSONの代わりにβ-SiAlONを用いた以外は製造例I-3と同様にしてバックライト4(BL-4)を作製する。バックライト4は、456nm、542nm、631nmの波長領域にそれぞれ1つずつ発光波長ピークを有する。
発光装置を以下の手順で作製する。
ドミナント発光波長390nm~400nmで発光する近紫外LEDとして、Cree社製の290μm角チップC395MB290を用い、それをシリコーン樹脂ベースの透明ダイボンドペーストで、3528SMD型PPA樹脂パッケージの凹部の底の端子に接着した。その後に、150℃で2時間加熱し、透明ダイボンドペーストを硬化させた後、近紫外LEDとパッケージの電極とを直径25μmの金線を用いてワイヤーボンディングした。
[2-7]製造例I-7:比較例用バックライト7(BL-7)の製造
使用する赤色蛍光体として、発光ピーク波長が長波長であり、半値幅の広いCASN660に変更し、各蛍光体、シリコーン樹脂及びアエロジルの使用量を表11に記載のように変更した以外は製造例I-6と同様にしてバックライト7(BL-7)を作製する。
[2-8]製造例I-8:バックライト8(BL-8)の製造
各蛍光体、シリコーン樹脂及びアエロジルの使用量を表11に記載のように変更した以外は製造例I-6と同様にしてバックライト8(BL-8)を作製する。
[2-9]製造例I-9:比較例用バックライト9(BL-9)の製造
使用する赤色蛍光体として、発光ピーク波長が長波長であり、半値幅の広いCASN660に変更し、各蛍光体、シリコーン樹脂及びアエロジルの使用量を表I1に記載のように変更した以外は製造例I-6と同様にしてバックライト9(BL-9)を作製する。
[3-1]製造例I-10:バインダ樹脂A
ベンジルメタクリレート55重量部、メタクリル酸45重量部、及びプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート150重量部を500mlセパラブルフラスコに入れ、フラスコ内を充分窒素で置換する。その後、2,2’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリル6重量部を添加し、80℃で5時間攪拌し、重合体溶液を得る。合成された重合体の重量平均分子量は8000、酸価は176mgKOH/gとする。
プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート145重量部を窒素置換しながら攪拌し、120℃に昇温する。ここにスチレン20重量部、グリシジルメタクリレート57部及びトリシクロデカン骨格を有するモノアクリレート(日立化成社製FA-513M)82重量部を滴下し、更に120℃で2時間攪拌する。
下記に示す各成分を下記の割合で調合し、スターラーにて各成分が完全に溶解するまで攪拌し、レジスト溶液を得る。
ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサアクリレート:1.0部、
光重合開始系、
2-(2’-クロロフェニル)-4,5-ジフェニルイミダゾール:0.06部、
2-メルカプトベンゾチアゾール:0.02部、
4,4’-ビス(ジエチルアミノ)ベンゾフェノン:0.04部、
溶媒(プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート):9.36部、
界面活性剤(大日本インキ化学工業社製「F-475」):0.0003部。
[5-1]製造例I-13:赤色画素 実施例I-1~10用、比較例I-1~4用の作製
プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート75部、赤色顔料ピグメントレッド(以下、「P.R.」という)254を16.7部、ビッグケミー社製アクリル系分散剤「DB2000」4.2部及び製造例I-10で製造したバインダ樹脂A5.6部を混合し、攪拌機で3時間攪拌して固形分濃度が25重量%のミルベースを調製する。このミルベースを600部の0.5mmφフジルコニアビーズを用いビーズミル装置にて周速10m/s、滞留時間3時間で分散処理を施しP.R.254の分散インキを得る。
顔料をピグメントグリーン(以下、「P.G.」という)36に変更した以外は製造例I-13のP.R.254と同様の組成にてミルベースを調製し、同様の分散条件にて滞留時間1時間で分散処理を施し、P.G.36の分散インキを得る。
尚、特開2007-25687号公報記載のアゾニッケル錯体黄色顔料の分散インキは上記製造例I-13に記載されているのと同様にして得る。
[5-2-1]臭素化亜鉛フタロシアニンの合成例
フタロジニトリル、塩化亜鉛を原料として亜鉛フタロシアニンを製造した。これの1-クロロナフタレン溶液は、600~700nmに光の吸収を有していた。ハロゲン化は、塩化スルフリル3.1部、無水塩化アルミニウム3.7部、塩化ナトリウム0.46部、亜鉛フタロシアニン1部を40℃で混合し、臭素4.4部を滴下して行った。80℃で15時間反応し、その後、反応混合物を水に投入し、臭素化亜鉛フタロシアニン粗顔料を析出させた。この水性スラリーをろ過し、80℃の湯洗浄を行い、90℃で乾燥させ、3.0部の精製された臭素化亜鉛フタロシアニン粗顔料を得た。
顔料をP.G.15:6に変更した以外は製造例I-13のP.R.254と同様の組成にてミルベースを調製し、同様の分散条件にて滞留時間1時間で分散処理を施し、P.G.15:6の分散インキを得る。
尚、P.G.36の分散インキは上記製造例I-14に記載されているのと同様にして得る。
表12~表14に示した赤色、緑色、青色の画素の同じ名称の画素を組み合わせ、実施例I-1~10用及び比較例I-1~4用のカラーフィルターとする。実施例I-1、3、5、7用のカラーフィルターについて、赤色画素サンプル、緑色画素サンプル、及び青色画素サンプルの各々の透過率スペクトルを算出した結果を図10に示す。実施例I-2、4、6、8~10及び比較例I-3、4用のカラーフィルターについて、赤色画素サンプル、緑色画素サンプル、及び青色画素サンプルの各々の透過率スペクトルを算出した結果を図11に示す。
[6-1]実施例I-1~10、比較例I-1~4
製造例I-1~9に示したバックライト(BL-1~BL-9)と実施例I-1~10用、比較例I-1~4用のカラーフィルターとを組み合わせて、実施例I-1~10及び比較例I-1~4のカラー画像表示装置とした。これらのカラー画像表示装置について、色度(x、y、Y)を測定するとともに、色再現性(NTSC比)及び明るさ(色温度)についても求めた。ここでY値はバックライトからの発光の利用効率に相当する。その結果を表15(a)及び表15(b)に示す。
[物性値の測定方法]
後述する各実施例、及び比較例で得られる蛍光体の物性値は、以下の方法で測定、及び算出した。
<発光スペクトル>
発光スペクトルは、室温(25℃)において、励起光源として150Wキセノンランプを、スペクトル測定装置としてマルチチャンネルCCD検出器C7041(浜松フォトニクス社製)を備える蛍光測定装置(日本分光社製)を用いて測定した。
より具体的には、励起光源からの光を焦点距離が10cmである回折格子分光器に通し、波長455nm以下の励起光のみを光ファイバーを通じて蛍光体に照射した。励起光の照射により蛍光体から発生した光を焦点距離が25cmである回折格子分光器により分光し、300nm以上800nm以下の波長範囲においてスペクトル測定装置により各波長の発光ピーク強度を測定し、パーソナルコンピュータによる感度補正等の信号処理を経て発光スペクトルを得た。なお、測定時には、受光側分光器のスリット幅を1nmに設定して測定した。
相対輝度は、上述の方法で得られた可視領域における発光スペクトルから励起波長域を除いた範囲で、JIS Z8724に準拠して算出したXYZ表色系における刺激値Yから、同様に波長455nmの励起光で化成オプトニクス社製の黄色蛍光体Y3Al5O12:Ce(製品番号:P46-Y3)を励起して得られた発光スペクトルから励起波長を除いた範囲で同様に求めた刺激値Yの値を100%とした相対値(以下、単に「輝度」と称する場合がある。)として算出した。
励起スペクトルは、室温(25℃)において、日立製作所社製蛍光分光光度計F-4500を用いて測定した。より具体的には、631nmの赤色発光ピークをモニターして、300nm以上550nm以下の波長範囲内の励起スペクトルを得た。
<重量メジアン径D50、及び粒度分布>
蛍光体の粒度分布は、堀場製作所社製レーザ回折/散乱式粒度分布測定装置LA-300により測定した。なお、測定前に、分散溶媒としてエタノールを用い、蛍光体を分散させてから、光軸上の初期透過率を90%前後に調整し、マグネット回転子で分散溶媒を攪拌しながら凝集による影響を最小限に抑えて測定を行った。
重量メジアン径D50は、上述のようにして求めた、粒度分布(重量基準粒度分布曲線に相当する。)の積算値が50%のときの粒径値として算出した。
粒度分布の四分偏差(QD)は、測定した粒度分布の積算値が25%、75%のときの粒径値を重量メジアン径D25、D75としたときに、次の式を用いて算出した。
QD=|D75-D25|/|D75+D25|
<走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)写真>
蛍光体の粒子の形状等を観測するため、各実施例及び比較例において、SEM(日立社製、S-3400N)を用いて1000倍(実施例II-1-2及びII-1-9)、又は5000倍(実施例II-1-1、比較例II-1-1)でSEM写真を撮影した。
比表面積の測定は、窒素吸着BET1点法により行い、(大倉理研社製全自動比表面積測定装置(流動法)AMS1000Aを用いて行った。
<SEM-EDX法>
蛍光体中に含まれるMn濃度の化学組成分析は、測定装置として、日立製作所社製SEM(S-3400N)と、堀場製作所社製エネルギー分散X線分析装置(EDX)EX-250 x-actとを用いて、SEM-EDX法により測定を行なった。具体的には、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)測定において、蛍光体に加速電圧20kVで電子線を照射し、蛍光体中に含まれる各元素から放出される特性X線を検出して元素分析を行った。
<吸収効率αq、内部量子効率ηi、及び外部量子効率ηo>
量子効率(吸収効率αq、内部量子効率ηi及び外部量子効率ηo)を求めるに際し、まず、測定対象となる蛍光体サンプル(例えば蛍光体の粉末等)を、測定精度が保たれるように、十分に表面を平滑にしてセルに詰め、積分球等の集光装置に取り付けた。
吸収効率αqは、蛍光体サンプルによって吸収された励起光のフォトン数Nabsを、励起光の全フォトン数Nで割った値として算出した。
具体的な算出手順は以下の通りである。
すなわち、励起光に対してほぼ100%の反射率Rを持つ物質、例えばLabsphere製「Spectralon」(455nmの励起光に対して98%の反射率Rを持つ)等の白色反射板を測定対象として、蛍光体サンプルと同様の配置で上述の集光装置に取り付け、該分光測定装置を用いて反射スペクトルを測定した(この反射スペクトルを以下「Iref(λ)」とする)。
吸収効率αq = Nabs/N =(式II)/(式I)
内部量子効率ηiは、蛍光現象に由来するフォトンの数NPLを、蛍光体サンプルが吸収したフォトンの数Nabsで割った値として算出した。
分区間の下限は、466nm~780nmとした。下記(式III)で求められる数値は、
蛍光現象に由来するフォトンの数NPLに比例する。
ηi = (式III)/(式II)
外部量子効率ηoは、上記の手順により求めた吸収効率αqと内部量子効率ηiとの積をとることで算出した。
粉末X線回折はPANalytical製粉末X線回折装置X’Pertにて精密測定した。測定条件は以下の通りである。
CuKα管球使用
X線出力=45kV、40mA
発散スリット=自動、照射幅10mm×10mm
検出器=半導体アレイ検出器X’Celerator使用、Cuフィルター使用
走査範囲 2θ=10~65度
読み込み幅=0.0167度
計数時間=10秒
後述の実施例及び比較例にて使用した原料を下記表16に示す。
<合成例II-1>
K2MnF6は、下記で示される反応式によって得ることができる。
以下の実施例及び比較例では、上記のようにして合成したK2MnF6を用いた。
<実施例II-1-1>
蛍光体の各原料の仕込み組成が、K2Si0.9Mn0.1F6となるように原料化合物として、K2SiF6(1.7783g)とK2MnF6(0.2217g)を大気圧、室温のもとで、フッ化水素酸(47.3重量%)70mlに攪拌しながら添加して溶解させた。各原料化合物が全部溶解した後、溶液を攪拌しながら、アセトン70mlを240ml/hrの速度で添加して蛍光体を貧溶媒析出させた。得られた蛍光体をそれぞれエタノールで洗浄し、130℃で1時間乾燥して蛍光体1.7gを得た。
KHF2 4.9367gとK2MnF6 0.8678gを秤量し、フッ化水素酸(47.3重量%)20mlに溶解させた。この溶液を26℃で撹拌しながら、33重量%H2SiF6水溶液10mlとフッ化水素酸(47.3重量%)10mlとの混合溶液に添加して、黄色の結晶を析出させた。得られた結晶を、No.5Cの濾紙で濾過した後、100mlのエタノールで4回洗浄し、130℃で1時間乾燥して蛍光体6.2gを得た。
KHF2 4.9367gを秤量し、フッ化水素酸(47.3重量%)10mlに溶解させた。
一方、K2MnF6 0.8678gを秤量し、33重量%H2SiF6水溶液10mlとフッ化水素酸(47.3重量%)40mlとの混合溶液に添加して溶解させた溶液を調製した。この溶液を26℃で攪拌しながら、前記のKHF2を溶解させたフッ化水素酸をこの溶液に添加して、黄色の結晶を析出させた。得られた結晶を、No.5Cの濾紙で濾過した後、100mlのエタノールで4回洗浄し、150℃で2時間乾燥して蛍光体5.9gを得た。
貧溶媒であるアセトンを一気に添加したこと以外は実施例II-1-1と同様の方法で蛍光体を得た。
得られた蛍光体のX線回折パターンよりK2SiF6:Mnが合成されていることが確認できた。このK2SiF6:MnのX線回折パターンを図12に示す。
実施例II-1-1、II-1-2、II-1-9及び比較例II-1-1で得られた蛍光体について、SEM-EDXによる組成分析の結果求められたMn濃度(表17における「分析Mn濃度(モル%)」。以下、同様。)、455nmの波長の光により励起して得られる発光スペクトルから求められる輝度(P46Y3を100とした場合の相対値)、吸収効率、内部量子効率及び外部量子効率を表17に示す。
また、比表面積測定結果及び粒度分布測定より求められた重量メジアン径D50と粒度分布の四分偏差(QD)を表18に示す。
さらに、粒度分布曲線を図14A及び図14Bに、SEM写真を図15A及び図15Bにそれぞれ示す。
実施例II-1-1では、貧溶媒添加による析出速度を比較例II-1-1に比べて遅くした結果、付活元素であるMnの濃度(表17における分析Mn濃度)が小さくなっているにもかかわらず、輝度が高くなっている。これは析出速度を制御することで、Mnイオンの付活が均質に行われた結果、内部量子効率が高くなったことに起因しているものと考えられる。
加えて、図14A、図14Bの粒度分布曲線から、比較例II-1-1の蛍光体が2重分布となっており、小さい粒子が凝集していると考えられるのに対し、実施例II-1-1の蛍光体は比較例II-1-1の蛍光体に比べて大きい粒子が多く合成できており、小さい粒子が少ないことから、凝集が無く、2重分布となっておらず、ピークは一つである。これは、比表面積及び重量メジアン径D50の測定結果からも明らかである。
実施例II-1-1で得られるような比表面積の小さい粒子は、外部との接触面積が少なくなるので、耐久性も改善されるものと考えられる。
また、実施例II-1-2及び実施例II-1-9で得られた蛍光体は、形態的には四角い六面体の粒子が多く見られる(図15A)。比表面積も実施例II-1-1及び比較例II-1-1の蛍光体に比べて大幅に小さく、外部との接触面積が少なくなるので、耐久性も改善されるものと考えられる。
Mnの仕込み濃度を表19に記載の通り変更したこと以外は、実施例II-1-1と同様にして蛍光体を得た。得られた蛍光体についての分析Mn濃度、455nmの波長の光により励起して得られる発光スペクトルから求められる輝度(P46Y3を100とした場合の相対値)、吸収効率、内部量子効率及び外部量子効率、並びに粒度分布の四分偏差(QD)を、実施例II-1-1の結果と共に表19に示す。
Mnの仕込み濃度を表19に記載の通り変更したこと以外は、実施例II-1-2と同様にして蛍光体を得た。
得られた蛍光体についての分析Mn濃度、455nmの波長の光により励起して得られる発光スペクトルから求められる輝度(P46Y3を100とした場合の相対値)、吸収効率、内部量子効率及び外部量子効率、並びに粒度分布の四分偏差(QD)を、実施例II-1-2及び実施例II-1-9の結果を共に表19に示す。
比較例II-1-1において、貧溶媒としてアセトンの代りにエタノール(比較例II-1-2)又は酢酸(比較例II-1-3)を用いたこと以外は同様にして蛍光体を得た。
得られた蛍光体について求めた粒度分布の四分偏差(QD)を、比較例II-1-1の結果と共に表20に示す。
<実施例II-2-1>
ドミナント発光波長455nm~465nm(発光ピーク波長451nm~455nm)で発光ピークの半値幅が22~28nmで発光する青色発光ダイオード(以下、適宜「LED」と略する。)として、昭和電工社製の350μm角チップGU35R460Tを用い、それをシリコーン樹脂ベースの透明ダイボンドペーストで、3528SMD型PPA樹脂パッケージの凹部の底の端子に接着した。その後、150℃で2時間加熱し、透明ダイボンドペーストを硬化させた後、青色LEDとパッケージの電極とを直径25μmの金線を用いてワイヤーボンディングした。
実施例II-2-1の半導体発光装置の作製において、緑色蛍光体Ba1.36Sr0.49Eu0.15SiO4(表21では「BSS」と表記した)0.060gと、三菱化学社製の発光ピーク波長650nm、発光ピーク半値幅が92nmの赤色蛍光体「BR-101A」(CaAlSiN3:Eu、表21では「CASN」と表記した)0.010gと、信越化学工業社製シリコーン樹脂(SCR1011)0.618gと、日本アエロジル社製アエロジル(RX200)0.019gとを秤量したこと以外は、実施例II-2-1と同様の操作で比較例II-2-1の半導体発光装置を得た。
ドミナント発光波長390nm~400nmで発光する近紫外LEDとして、Cree社製の290μm角チップC395MB290を用い、それをシリコーン樹脂ベースの透明ダイボンドペーストで、3528SMD型PPA樹脂パッケージの凹部の底の端子に接着した。その後に、150℃で2時間加熱し、透明ダイボンドペーストを硬化させた後、近紫外LEDとパッケージの電極とを直径25μmの金線を用いてワイヤーボンディングした。
実施例II-2-2の半導体発光装置の作成において、使用する蛍光体の種類と量、及び、シリコーン樹脂の量を表21のように変更したこと以外は、実施例II-2-2と同様の操作で実施例II-2-3及び比較例II-2-2、比較例II-2-3の半導体発光装置を得た。なお、実施例II-2-3及び比較例II-2-3では青色蛍光体として、後述の蛍光体の合成例II-3で製造された発光ピーク波長455mm、発光ピーク半値幅51nmのBa0.7Eu0.3MgAl10O17(表21では「BAM」と表記した)を用いた。また、比較例II-2-2、比較例II-2-3の赤色蛍光体としては、発光ピーク波長が660nmの三菱化学社製の赤色蛍光体「BR-101B」(CaAlSiN3:Eu、表21では「CASN660」と表記した。)を使用した。
上述の実施例II-2-1~II-2-3、及び比較例II-2-1~II-2-3で用いた蛍光体は、以下のようにして合成したものである。
蛍光体原料として、炭酸バリウム(BaCO3)、炭酸ストロンチウム(SrCO3)、酸化ユウロピウム(Eu2O3)、二酸化ケイ素(SiO2)の各粉末を用いた。これらの蛍光体原料は何れも、純度が99.9%以上で、重量メジアン径D50が0.01μm以上、5μm以下の範囲内である。
これらの蛍光体原料を、得られる蛍光体の組成がBa1.36Sr0.49Eu0.15SiO4となるように秤量した。
次いで、坩堝の内容物を取り出し、フラックスとして0.1モルのSrCl2と0.1モルのCsClとを蛍光体1モルに対して加えて、乾式ボールミルで混合粉砕した。
得られた混合粉砕物を再度、アルミナ製坩堝に充填し、その上に固体カーボン(ブロック状)を載せてアルミナ製の蓋を載せた。真空炉中で真空ポンプにて2Paまで減圧した後、水素含有窒素ガス(窒素:水素=96:4(体積比))を大気圧になるまで導入した。この操作を再度繰り返した後、水素含有窒素ガス(窒素:水素=96:4(体積比))流通下、大気圧下1200℃で4時間加熱することにより、焼成を行なった。
得られた焼成物をボールミルで解砕した後、スラリー状態のまま篩を通して粗い粒子を除去した後、水洗し、水簸して微粒子を流去し、乾燥後、凝集した粒子を解すために篩に通すことにより、蛍光体(BSS)を製造した。
得られた緑色蛍光体(BSS)の発光ピーク波長は528nm、発光ピーク半値幅は68nmであった。
蛍光体原料として炭酸バリウム(BaCO3)を0.7モル、酸化ユウロピウム(Eu2O3)を0.15モル、塩基性炭酸マグネシウム(Mg1モルあたりの質量93.17)をMgとして1モル、及びα-アルミナ(Al2O3)を5モル、蛍光体の化学組成がBa0.7Eu0.3MgAl10O17となるよう秤量し、乳鉢にて30分間混合し、アルミナ製の坩堝に充填し、箱型焼成炉にて窒素を流通させながら1200℃、5時間焼成し、冷却後に坩堝から取り出し解砕して蛍光体の前駆体を得た。
この前駆体に、AlF3を0.3重量%添加し、乳鉢にて30分間粉砕・混合し、アルミナ製の坩堝に充填し、箱型雰囲気焼成炉にて水素を4体積%含む窒素ガス中にて1450℃、3時間焼成し、冷却後に得られた焼成物を解砕し、淡い青色の粉末を得た。
得られた青色蛍光体(BAM)の発光ピーク波長は455nm、発光ピーク半値幅は51nmであった。
<蛍光体の温度依存性>
上述の実施例II-2-1~II-2-3、及び比較例II-2-1~II-2-3で用いた蛍光体のうち、KSF、CASN及びBSSについて発光ピーク強度の温度依存性について測定した結果を以下の表23に示す。
上述の実施例II-2-1~II-2-3、及び比較例II-2-1~II-2-3で用いた最適化カラーフィルターは、前述の製造例I-9~11の項で記載の「実施例I-2,4,6,8~10及び比較例I-3,4用」と同様のものを用いた。
[実施例III群:耐久性向上検討]
以下の半導体発光素子、蛍光体、蛍光体含有層形成液を用いて、後述する各実施例及び各比較例の半導体発光装置を作製し、点灯試験によりその耐久性評価を行った。
<半導体発光素子>
半導体発光素子(A)として、クリー社製の290μm角チップ「C460EZ290」をシリコーン樹脂ベースの透明ダイボンドペーストで、3528SMD型PPA樹脂パッケージの凹部の底の端子に接着した。このとき、ボンディングワイヤは1本とした。
半導体発光素子(A)として、昭和電工社製の350μm角チップ「GU35R460T」をシリコーン樹脂ベースの透明ダイボンドペーストで、3528SMD型PPA樹脂パッケージの凹部の底の端子に接着した。このとき、ボンディングワイヤは2本とした。
(合成例III-1) 赤色蛍光体K2TiF6:Mn4+
蛍光体の仕込み組成がK2Ti0.95Mn0.05F6となるように、原料化合物として、K2TiF6を4.743g、及びK2MnF6を0.2596g用いた。大気圧、室温の条件下、フッ化水素酸(濃度47.3重量%) 40mlに、これらの原料化合物を添加し、攪拌して溶解させた。各原料化合物が全部溶解したことを確認した後、溶液を攪拌しながら、アセトン60mlを240ml/時の速度で添加することにより、蛍光体を貧溶媒析出させた。得られた蛍光体を、アセトンで洗浄後、100℃で1時間乾燥させた。
得られた蛍光体のX線回折パターンより、K2Ti1-xMnxF6が合成されていることが確認できた。また、得られた赤色蛍光体主発光ピークのピーク波長は631nm、主発光ピークの半値幅は7nmであり、また、実施例II群の説明の項で記載されたのと同様の方法で測定した内部量子効率は65%であった。
また、この蛍光体の加熱発生F量、及び発光ピーク強度の変化率を以下に記載の方法で測定し、その結果を表24に示す。
<加熱発生F量の測定方法>
蛍光体1gを精秤後、白金ボートに入れ、横型電気炉のアルミナ製炉心管中にセットした。次いで、流量400ml/分でアルゴンガスを流通させながら、炉内温度を昇温させて蛍光体の温度が200℃になったところで2時間保持した。
ここで、炉内を流通していたアルゴンガス全量をKOH水溶液(濃度67mM)に吸収させ、吸収液を液体クロマトグラフィー法により分析し、蛍光体1g当たりの毎分の加熱発生F量を求めた。
蛍光体の仕込み組成がK2Si0.9Mn0.1F6となるように、原料化合物として、K2SiF6を1.7783g、K2MnF6を0.2217g用いた。大気圧、室温の条件下、これらの原料化合物を、フッ化水素酸(47.3重量%) 70mlに添加し、攪拌して溶解させた。各原料化合物が全部溶解したことを確認後、溶液を攪拌しながら、アセトン70mlを240ml/時の速度で添加して蛍光体を貧溶媒析出させた。
得られた蛍光体をエタノールで洗浄後、130℃で1時間乾燥し、蛍光体1.7gを得た。得られた蛍光体のX線回折パターンよりK2SiF6:Mnが合成されていることが確認できた。また、得られた赤色蛍光体主発光ピークのピーク波長は630nm、主発光ピークの半値幅は7nmであり、また、実施例II群の説明の項で記載されたのと同様の方法で測定した内部量子効率は94%であった。
また、この蛍光体の加熱発生F量を表24に示す。
信越化学社製シリコーン樹脂SCR1016を100重量部と前述の合成例III-1又は合成例III-2で合成した蛍光体それぞれ12重量部とを、シンキー社製攪拌脱泡装置AR-100にて混合して、蛍光体含有層形成液(1)及び(2)を製造した。
手動ピペットを用いて、上述の製造例III-2で得られた蛍光体含有層形成液(1)を4μl計量し、上述の製造例III-1-1に記載の縦型半導体発光素子を設置した半導体発光装置に注液した。この半導体発光装置を、減圧することができるデシケーターボックス中、25℃、1kPaの条件下で5分間保持することにより、注液時に生じた巻き込み気泡や溶存空気・水分を除去した。その後、この半導体発光装置を、70℃で1時間保持し、次いで、150℃で5時間保持することにより形成液を硬化させ、半導体発光装置を得た。得られた半導体発光装置について以下に記載の方法で点灯試験を行うことにより、耐久性の評価を行った。
[比較例III-1]
半導体発光素子を上述の製造例III-1-2に記載の横型半導体発光素子に変更した以外は実施例III-1と同様の操作で半導体発光装置を得、耐久性の評価を行った。
蛍光体含有層形成液(1)の代わりに、蛍光体含有層形成液(2)を使用したこと以外は、実施例III-1と同様の操作で半導体発光装置を得、耐久性の評価を行った。
半導体発光素子を上述の製造例III-1-2に記載の横型半導体発光素子に変更した以外は実施例III-2と同様の操作で半導体発光装置を得、耐久性の評価を行った。
<点灯試験>
半導体発光装置に20mAの電流を通電し、点灯開始直後(この時点を以下「0時間」という。)に、ファイバマルチチャンネル分光器(オーシャンオプティクス社製USB2000(積算波長範囲:200nm~1100nm、受光方式:積分球(直径1.5インチ))を用いて、発光スペクトルを測定した。
次いで、エージング装置、LED AGING SYSTEM 100ch LED環境試験装置(山勝電子工業社製、YEL-51005)を用いて、85℃、相対湿度85%の条件下、半導体発光装置を駆動電流20mAで連続通電し、通電開始から50時間、100時間、150時間、200時間の各時点において、前記0時間の場合と同様にして発光スペクトルを測定した。これと同時に、85℃、相対湿度85%の条件下で、半導体発光装置を通電せずに保管して、通電開始後、50時間、100時間、150時間、200時間の各時点において、測定時のみ通電して、前記0時間の場合と同様にして発光スペクトルを測定した。
200時間後に得られた発光スペクトルより算出された各種発光特性の値(全光束、輝度、色度座標Cx、Cy)を、0時間の測定値を100%とした相対値で表25に示す。
また、実施例III-1と実施例III-2とを比較すると、蛍光体としてK2Si0.9Mn0.1F6は、K2Ti0.95Mn0.05F6より耐久性に優れることがわかった。K2Si0.9Mn0.1F6の方が、水に対する溶解度が低いことと、加熱発生F量が少ないためと推測される。
信越化学工業社製2液型シリコーン樹脂SCR1016Aを100重量部と硬化剤SCR1016Bを100重量部とをシンキー社製攪拌脱泡装置AR-100にて混合・脱泡した。得られた混合液2μLを上述の発光素子を設置した発光装置に注液し、減圧することができるデシケーターボックス中、25℃、1kPaの条件下で5分間保持することにより、注液時に生じた巻き込み気泡や溶存空気、水分を除去した。その後、この半導体発光装置を大気圧下25℃、湿度50%にて24時間保持して上記シリコーン樹脂層を硬化させ、材料層Cを形成させた。
手動ピペットを用いて上述のフッ素錯体蛍光体含有層形成液(1)2μLを該半導体発光装置に注液し、100℃で1時間保持した後、150℃で5時間保持して材料層Bを硬化させた。
信越化学工業社製2液型シリコーン樹脂SCR1016Aを100重量部と硬化剤SCR1016Bを100重量部とをシンキー社製攪拌脱泡装置AR-100にて混合・脱泡した。得られた混合液2μLを該半導体発光装置に注液し、減圧することができるデシケーターボックス中、25℃、1kPaの条件下で5分間保持することにより、注液時に生じた巻き込み気泡や溶存空気、水分を除去した。その後、この半導体発光装置を大気圧下25℃、湿度50%にて24時間保持して上記シリコーン樹脂層を硬化させ、材料層Dを形成させ、半導体発光装置を得た。
手動ピペットを用いて上述のフッ素錯体蛍光体含有層形成液(1)0.5μLを弗素コート耐熱性シート上に滴下し、水滴形状のまま100℃で1時間保持した後、150℃で5時間保持して硬化させ、材料層Bを形成した。
弗素樹脂(太平化成社製「エイトシール3000」)を材料層Bの上から0.5μL滴下した後、120℃で20分保持し硬化させた。続けて、該材料層Bの弗素コート耐熱性シート接触面を上に向け、同様に前記弗素樹脂を0.5μL滴下し、硬化させることにより、材料層Bの周囲に材料層Eを形成させた。
信越化学工業社製2液型シリコーン樹脂SCR1016Aを100重量部と硬化剤SCR1016Bを100重量部とをシンキー社製攪拌脱泡装置AR-100にて混合・脱泡した。得られた混合液1μLを該半導体発光装置に注液した後、上記材料層Eで被覆された材料層Bをいれ、さらにその上から上記混合液を1μL注入した後、100℃で1時間保持した後、150℃で5時間保持して、半導体発光装置を得た。
実施例III-6 半導体発光装置の作製
信越化学工業社製2液型シリコーン樹脂SCR1016Aを100重量部と硬化剤SCR1016Bを100重量部とをシンキー社製攪拌脱泡装置AR-100にて混合・脱泡した。得られた混合液1μLを上述の発光素子を設置した発光装置に注液し、減圧することができるデシケーターボックス中、25℃、1kPaの条件下で5分間保持することにより、注液時に生じた巻き込み気泡や溶存空気、水分を除去した。その後、この半導体発光装置を大気圧下25℃、湿度50%にて24時間保持して上記シリコーン樹脂層を硬化させ、材料層Cを形成させた。
さらに、材料層Bの上に上述のSCR1016A及びSCR1016Bの混合液1μLを注液し、減圧することができるデシケーターボックス中、25℃、1kPaの条件下で5分間保持することにより、注液時に生じた巻き込み気泡や溶存空気、水分を除去した。その後、この半導体発光装置を大気圧下25℃、湿度50%にて24時間保持して上記シリコーン樹脂層を硬化させることにより材料層Dを形成させ、半導体発光装置を得た。
手動ピペットを用いて上述のフッ素錯体蛍光体含有層形成液(1)4μLを該半導体発光装置に注液し、減圧することができるデシケーターボックス中、25℃、1kPaの条件下で5分間保持することにより、注液時に生じた巻き込み気泡や溶存空気、水分を除去した。その後、100℃で1時間保持した後、150℃で5時間保持して、半導体発光装置を得た。
実施例III-3~III-6及び比較例III-3で得られた発光装置について、前記と同様にして点灯試験を行なった。結果を表26に示す。
以上、本発明を特定の態様を用いて詳細に説明したが、本発明の意図と範囲を離れることなく様々な変更が可能であることは当業者に明らかである。
なお、2008年2月7日に出願された日本特許出願2008-027506号、及び2008年9月5日に出願された日本特許出願2008-227990号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、図面及び要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
Claims (22)
- 青色又は深青色領域あるいは紫外領域の光を発する固体発光素子と、蛍光体とを組み合わせてなる半導体発光装置であって、
前記蛍光体は、515~550nmの波長領域に1以上の発光ピークを有する緑色蛍光体、及び610~650nmの波長領域に1以上の、半値幅が10nm以下である発光ピークを有し、かつ前記緑色蛍光体の発光波長領域に励起スペクトルを実質的に有さない、付活元素としてMn4+を含む赤色蛍光体を含み、
前記緑色蛍光体及び前記赤色蛍光体は、励起光の波長が400nm又は455nmの場合の、25℃における発光ピーク強度に対する100℃における発光ピーク強度の変化率が40%以下のものであることを特徴とする半導体発光装置。 - 前記緑色蛍光体は、アルミン酸塩蛍光体、サイアロン蛍光体及び酸窒化物蛍光体からなる群から選択される1以上の化合物を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体発光装置。
- 前記赤色蛍光体は、励起光の波長が455nmの場合の、25℃における発光ピーク強度に対する100℃における発光ピーク強度の変化率が18%以下のものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体発光装置。
- 前記赤色蛍光体は、610~650nmの波長領域に、半値幅が10nm以下である主発光ピークを有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体発光装置。
- 前記赤色蛍光体がフッ素錯体蛍光体であり、かつ、前記固体発光素子が導電性を有する基板上に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体発光装置。
- 前記赤色蛍光体が、200℃における蛍光体1g当たりの加熱発生フッ素量が0.01μg/分以上のものであることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の半導体発光装置。
- 前記赤色蛍光体が、20℃における100gの水に対する溶解度が0.005g以上、7g以下のものであることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の半導体発光装置。
- 前記赤色蛍光体がフッ素錯体蛍光体であり、かつ、該赤色蛍光体を含有する層を備えた半導体発光装置であって、下記の(a)~(c)のうちの少なくとも1つの構成を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体発光装置。
(a)固体発光素子と該赤色蛍光体含有層との間に、前記赤色蛍光体を含まない材料層を有する。
(b)発光装置の表面の一部又は全部が前記赤色蛍光体を含まない材料層で被覆されている。
(c)該赤色蛍光体含有層が、前記赤色蛍光体を含まない材料層で被覆されている。 - 前記赤色蛍光体が、200℃における蛍光体1g当たりの加熱発生フッ素量が0.01μg/分以上のものであることを特徴とする請求項8に記載の半導体発光装置。
- 前記赤色蛍光体が、20℃における100gの水に対する溶解度が0.005g以上、7g以下のものであることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の半導体発光装置。
- 前記赤色蛍光体が下記一般式[1]から[8]のいずれかで表される化学組成を有する結晶相を含有するものであることを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の半導体発光装置。
MI 2[MIV 1-xRxF6] ・・・[1]
MI 3[MIII 1-xRxF6] ・・・[2]
MII[MIV 1-xRxF6] ・・・[3]
MI 3[MIV 1-xRxF7] ・・・[4]
MI 2[MIII 1-xRxF5] ・・・[5]
Zn2[MIII 1-xRxF7] ・・・[6]
MI[MIII 2-2xR2xF7] ・・・[7]
Ba0.65Zr0.35F2.70:Mn4+ ・・・[8]
(前記式[1]~[8]において、MIはLi、Na、K、Rb、Cs、及びNH4からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の1価の基を表わし、MIIはアルカリ土類金属元素を表し、MIIIは周期律表3族及び13族からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の金属元素を表し、MIVは周期律表4族及び14族からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の金属元素を表し、Rは、少なくともMnを含有する付活元素を表す。xは、0<x<1の数値である。) - 前記赤色蛍光体は、下記式[1’]で表される化学組成を有する結晶相を含有し、
MIV’とMnとの合計モル数に対するMnの割合が0.1モル%以上40モル%以下であり、かつ、比表面積が1.3m2/g以下であるものであることを特徴とする請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の半導体発光装置。
MI’2MIV’F6:R ・・・[1’]
(前記式[1’]中、MI’は、K、及びNaからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素を含有し、MIV’は、少なくともSiを含有する周期律表4族及び14族からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の金属元素を表し、Rは、少なくともMnを含有する付活元素を表す。) - 請求項1から12のいずれか1項に記載の半導体発光装置を光源として備えたバックライト。
- 前記カラーフィルターの緑色画素が臭素化亜鉛フタロシアニン顔料を含むことを特徴とする、請求項14に記載のカラー画像表示装置。
- 前記カラーフィルターの各画素の膜厚が0.5μm以上3.5μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項14又は15に記載のカラー画像表示装置。
- 下記式[1’]で表される化学組成を有する結晶相を含有し、
MIV’とMnとの合計モル数に対するMnの割合が0.1モル%以上40モル%以下であり、かつ、比表面積が1.3m2/g以下であることを特徴とする蛍光体。
MI’2MIV’F6:R ・・・[1’]
(前記式[1’]中、MI’は、K、及びNaからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素を含有し、MIV’は、少なくともSiを含有する周期律表4族及び14族からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の金属元素を表し、Rは、少なくともMnを含有する付活元素を表す。) - 前記赤色蛍光体の粒度分布のピーク値が一つであることを特徴とする、請求項17に記載の蛍光体。
- 粒度分布の四分偏差が0.6以下であることを特徴とする、請求項17又は請求項18に記載の蛍光体。
- 少なくともSiとFとを含有する溶液と、少なくともKとMnとFとを含有する溶液とを反応させて前記式[1’]で表される化合物を得る工程を有することを特徴とする、請求項17~19のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光体の製造方法。
- 下記式[1’]で表される化学組成を有する結晶相を含有する蛍光体の製造方法であって、K、Na、Si、Mn、及びFからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素を含む溶液の2種以上を混合して蛍光体を析出させる工程を有することを特徴とする、蛍光体の製造方法。
MI’2MIV’F6:R ・・・[1’]
(前記式[1’]中、MI’は、K、及びNaからなる群から選ばれる1種以上の元素を含有し、MIV’は、少なくともSiを含有する周期律表4族及び14族からなる群より選ばれる1種以上の金属元素を表し、Rは、少なくともMnを含有する付活元素を表す。) - 請求項17~19のいずれか1項に記載の蛍光体と、液体媒体とを含有することを特徴とする、蛍光体含有組成物。
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2013
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| US20240101899A1 (en) | 2024-03-28 |
| US20170158957A1 (en) | 2017-06-08 |
| US20230193126A1 (en) | 2023-06-22 |
| US10011769B2 (en) | 2018-07-03 |
| US10858582B2 (en) | 2020-12-08 |
| CN101939857A (zh) | 2011-01-05 |
| US11873435B2 (en) | 2024-01-16 |
| KR20150036791A (ko) | 2015-04-07 |
| EP2242119A1 (en) | 2010-10-20 |
| US20130271960A1 (en) | 2013-10-17 |
| TWI438262B (zh) | 2014-05-21 |
| EP2242119A4 (en) | 2012-03-07 |
| EP3045965A1 (en) | 2016-07-20 |
| US12084609B2 (en) | 2024-09-10 |
| US11613698B2 (en) | 2023-03-28 |
| US20210062085A1 (en) | 2021-03-04 |
| TW200946646A (en) | 2009-11-16 |
| US20100142189A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
| KR101559603B1 (ko) | 2015-10-12 |
| CN101939857B (zh) | 2013-05-15 |
| US20180273842A1 (en) | 2018-09-27 |
| US20240376380A1 (en) | 2024-11-14 |
| US8491816B2 (en) | 2013-07-23 |
| EP3045965B1 (en) | 2020-05-27 |
| KR20100127204A (ko) | 2010-12-03 |
| KR101592836B1 (ko) | 2016-02-05 |
| US9541238B2 (en) | 2017-01-10 |
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