WO2009096123A1 - AlxGa1-xN単結晶の成長方法 - Google Patents
AlxGa1-xN単結晶の成長方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009096123A1 WO2009096123A1 PCT/JP2008/073365 JP2008073365W WO2009096123A1 WO 2009096123 A1 WO2009096123 A1 WO 2009096123A1 JP 2008073365 W JP2008073365 W JP 2008073365W WO 2009096123 A1 WO2009096123 A1 WO 2009096123A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/40—AIIIBV compounds wherein A is B, Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi
- C30B29/403—AIII-nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B23/00—Single-crystal growth by condensing evaporated or sublimed materials
- C30B23/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B23/06—Heating of the deposition chamber, the substrate or the materials to be evaporated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B23/00—Single-crystal growth by condensing evaporated or sublimed materials
- C30B23/02—Epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B23/025—Epitaxial-layer growth characterised by the substrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/38—Nitrides
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- H10P14/20—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02367—Substrates
- H01L21/0237—Materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02367—Substrates
- H01L21/0237—Materials
- H01L21/02373—Group 14 semiconducting materials
- H01L21/02378—Silicon carbide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02436—Intermediate layers between substrates and deposited layers
- H01L21/02439—Materials
- H01L21/02455—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/02458—Nitrides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02518—Deposited layers
- H01L21/02521—Materials
- H01L21/02538—Group 13/15 materials
- H01L21/0254—Nitrides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02104—Forming layers
- H01L21/02365—Forming inorganic semiconducting materials on a substrate
- H01L21/02612—Formation types
- H01L21/02617—Deposition types
- H01L21/02631—Physical deposition at reduced pressure, e.g. MBE, sputtering, evaporation
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- H10P14/22—
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- H10P14/2901—
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- H10P14/2904—
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- H10P14/3216—
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- H10P14/3416—
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a large-sized and highly crystalline Al x Ga 1-x N (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, hereinafter the same) single crystal growth method preferably used for a semiconductor device substrate or the like.
- Group III nitride crystals such as Al x Ga 1-x N single crystals are very useful as materials for forming semiconductor devices such as light emitting elements, electronic elements, and semiconductor sensors.
- a vapor phase method is a viewpoint of obtaining a high-quality single crystal having a small half-value width of a diffraction peak in a rocking curve of X-ray diffraction.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that an AlN single crystal is grown at a growth rate higher than 0.5 mm / hr by a vapor phase method such as a sublimation method.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that an AlN single crystal is grown at a growth rate higher than 0.5 mm / hr by a vapor phase method such as a sublimation method.
- Patent Document 2 describes an AlN bulk single crystal having a crystal diameter of 1 inch (25.4 mm) or more and an impurity content of 450 ppm or less grown on a seed crystal by a sublimation method. Is disclosed.
- Patent Document 3 discloses an AlN crystal having a length of 10 mm or more, a width of 10 mm or more and a thickness of 300 ⁇ m or more grown by a sublimation method.
- An Al x Ga 1-x N (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) single crystal is generally grown using a sublimation method.
- the types of crystal growth in the sublimation method include a type in which crystal nuclei are generated without using a base crystal to grow the crystal nuclei (hereinafter also referred to as crystal nucleation growth type), and a type in which crystal growth is performed on the base crystal. (Hereinafter also referred to as a crystal growth type on a base crystal).
- crystal growth type on a base crystal since it is difficult to obtain a large-diameter Al x Ga 1-x N (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) substrate, an Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal to be grown is used.
- a different base crystal such as a SiC crystal having a different chemical composition from the crystal is used.
- Al y Ga 1-y N (0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, hereinafter the same) crystal as a seed crystal as long as it is available as a base crystal.
- Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal it depends on the crystal growth method, crystal growth conditions, chemical composition (that is, the type and ratio of elements constituting the crystal), the difference in impurity concentration, etc. Stress is generated between the crystal and the single crystal growing on the seed crystal, and defects such as dislocations, cracks, and warpage are generated in the growing single crystal.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide a method for growing a large-sized and high-quality Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal.
- the present invention provides a step of preparing an Al y Ga 1-y N (0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1) seed crystal in which the crystal diameter Dmm and the thickness Tmm satisfy the relationship of T ⁇ 0.003D + 0.15, a step of growing an Al x Ga 1-x N (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) single crystal on the main surface of the y Ga 1-y N seed crystal, and a method of growing an Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal. is there.
- Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal the crystal by generating a crystal nucleus of Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal by sublimation It may be a nucleus grown.
- the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal can have a (0001) surface as the main surface.
- the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal can contain at least one element of group IVB elements in a mass ratio of 10 ppm or more.
- According to the present invention can provide a method for growing a high-quality Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal large.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a method for growing an Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a method for growing an Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of a method for growing an Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the crystal diameter Dmm and the thickness Tmm of the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the relationship between the crystal diameter D (unit: mm) and the thickness T (unit: mm) is T ⁇ 0.003D + 0.15.
- Crystal diameter D (mm) and thickness T (mm) and the T ⁇ small satisfies the relation 0.003D + 0.15 thick Al y Ga 1-y Al on the main surface of the N seed crystal x Ga 1-x by growing the N single crystal, Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal on Al x Ga 1-x N stress generated in the single crystal grown is relaxed, growing Al x Ga 1-x N single Generation of defects such as dislocations, cracks, warpage, etc. in the crystal is suppressed, and a large-sized and high-quality Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal can be obtained. This is particularly effective when the thickness of the Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal to be grown is 1 mm or more.
- the difference in chemical composition that is,
- the crystal diameter D (mm) and the thickness T (mm) of the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal satisfy the relationship of T ⁇ 0.003D + 0.15 the growth of the Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal is achieved.
- the stress generated in the Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal grown on the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal can be relaxed. From this viewpoint, it is more preferable that the crystal diameter D (mm) and the thickness T (mm) of the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal satisfy the relationship of T ⁇ 0.002D + 0.1.
- the thickness T (mm) of the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal is preferably less than 0.25 mm, more preferably less than 0.2 mm, and even more preferably less than 0.15 mm. From the viewpoint of easy handling, the thickness T (mm) of the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal is preferably 0.01 mm or more, and more preferably 0.05 mm or more.
- the step of preparing the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal is not particularly limited, and a bulk crystal is grown by using a vapor phase method such as a sublimation method or a liquid phase method such as a solution method (including a flux method). Thereafter, the bulk crystal can be processed so that the crystal diameter D (mm) and the thickness T (mm) satisfy the relationship of T ⁇ 0.003D + 0.15.
- Al y Ga 1-y N seed defects such as dislocations in the crystal from the viewpoint of reducing the warp and crack, by generating a crystal nucleus of Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal by sublimation of the crystal nuclei It is preferable to prepare a grown crystal as a seed crystal. Further, Al y Ga 1-y N seeds obtained by growing crystal nuclei from the viewpoint of reducing dislocations in the seed crystal and reducing defects such as dislocations in the grown Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal.
- the crystal shape preferably satisfies the relationship of D ⁇ 3 with respect to the crystal diameter D (mm) and the thickness T (mm), and more preferably satisfies the relationship of T ⁇ 0.003D + 0.15.
- the Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal 5 is grown on the main surface 4 m of the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4 by a sublimation method. A process is provided.
- stress generated in the Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal can be relieved, Generation of defects such as dislocations, cracks, warpage, and the like is suppressed, and a large, high-quality Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal can be obtained.
- One type is a type in which a crystal is grown on the main surface of the base crystal (hereinafter also referred to as a crystal growth type on the base crystal) with reference to FIGS.
- a crystal growth type on the base crystal For example, referring to FIG. 1, Al t Ga 1-t N (0 ⁇ t ⁇ 1, the same shall apply hereinafter) raw material 3 is sublimated and then solidified again to form Al y Ga 1-y N species as a base crystal. An Al x Ga 1-x N (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1) single crystal 5 is grown on the main surface 4 m of the crystal 4. Further, referring to FIG.
- Al s Ga 1-s N (0 ⁇ s ⁇ 1, hereinafter the same) raw material 2 is sublimated and then solidified again to form a base crystal such as a SiC crystal or an Al 2 O 3 crystal.
- An Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4 is grown on 1 m of the main surface 1.
- the other type is a type in which crystal nuclei are generated without using an underlying crystal and the crystal nuclei are grown (hereinafter also referred to as crystal nucleus growth type) with reference to FIG.
- crystal nucleus growth type a type in which crystal nuclei are generated without using an underlying crystal and the crystal nuclei are grown
- a high-frequency heating type vertical sublimation furnace 10 as shown in FIG. 1 is used.
- a WC crucible 12 having a vent 12c is provided at the center of the reaction vessel 11 in the vertical sublimation furnace 10 so as to ensure ventilation from the inside of the crucible 12 to the outside around the crucible 12.
- a heating body 13 made of carbon is provided.
- the crucible 12 includes a crucible body 12q and a crucible lid plate 12p.
- a high frequency heating coil 14 for heating the heating body 13 is provided in the outer central portion of the reaction vessel 11.
- N 2 gas inlet 11 a and N 2 gas outlet 11 c for flowing N 2 gas outside the crucible 12 of the reaction vessel 11, and the temperatures of the lower and upper surfaces of the crucible 12.
- a radiation thermometer 15 is provided for measuring.
- the step of growing the Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal 5 on the main surface 4m of the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4 includes:
- the vertical sublimation furnace 10 is used as follows.
- the Al t Ga 1-t N raw material 3 is housed in the lower part of the crucible body 12q, and the above-mentioned Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4 is placed on the inner surface of the crucible lid plate 12p with the main surface 4m being Al. arranged so as to face the t Ga 1-t N material 3.
- the temperature in the crucible 12 is raised by heating the heating element 13 using the high-frequency heating coil 14 while flowing N 2 gas into the reaction vessel 11, and the Al t Ga 1-t N in the crucible 12 is increased.
- Al x Ga 1-x N is sublimated from the Al t Ga 1-t N raw material 3
- Al x Ga 1-x N is solidified again on the main surface 4 m of the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4 to grow an Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal 5.
- the sublimation temperature and sublimation pressure of Al are different from the sublimation temperature and sublimation pressure of Ga, respectively.
- the temperature of the crucible 12 on the side of the Al t Ga 1-t N raw material 3 (hereinafter also referred to as sublimation temperature) is about 1600 ° C. to 2300 ° C.
- the temperature on the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4 side (hereinafter also referred to as crystal growth temperature) of the crucible 12 is about 10 ° C. to 200 ° C. lower than the temperature (sublimation temperature) on the Al t Ga 1-t N raw material 3 side.
- the N 2 gas is continuously supplied to the outside of the crucible 12 in the reaction vessel 11 so that the gas partial pressure becomes about 101.3 hPa to 1013 hPa, whereby the Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal 5 Impurities can be reduced.
- the temperature inside the crucible 12 is made higher than the temperature of the crucible 12 on the side of the Al t Ga 1-t N raw material 3, thereby increasing the impurities inside the crucible 12. Can be discharged through the vent hole 12c, and contamination of impurities into the Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal 5 can be further reduced.
- the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal used in the method for producing an Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal according to the present embodiment generates crystal nuclei of the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal by a sublimation method. It is preferable that the crystal nucleus is grown (that is, a crystal nucleus growth type). By such a sublimation method, it is possible to obtain an Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal having a high quality and a crystal diameter D (mm) and a thickness T (mm) satisfying a relationship of T ⁇ 0.003D + 0.15.
- the step of growing Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4 by generating crystal nuclei of Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4 by sublimation and growing the crystal nucleus is as follows. For example, it is performed as follows.
- the Al s Ga 1-s N raw material 2 is accommodated in the lower part of the crucible body 12q, and the crucible lid plate 12p is arranged so as to face the Al s Ga 1-s N raw material 2.
- the temperature in the crucible 12 is increased by heating the heating body 13 using the high-frequency heating coil 14 while flowing N 2 gas into the reaction vessel 11,
- the Al s Ga 1 -s N raw material 2 is transformed into Al y Ga 1 -y N.
- the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4 is grown.
- the sublimation temperature and sublimation pressure of Al are different from the sublimation temperature and sublimation pressure of Ga, respectively. Therefore, the relationship between the Al s Ga 1-s N and the composition ratio s of Al in the raw material, Al s Ga 1-s Al sublimes from N material y Ga 1-y N composition ratio y of Al, sublimation temperature Depending on the condition, it has a predetermined relationship at a predetermined sublimation temperature.
- the temperature (sublimation temperature) of the crucible 12 on the Al s Ga 1-s N raw material 2 side is set to about 1600 ° C. to 2300 ° C.
- the temperature on the plate 12p side (crystal growth temperature) is set to about 10 ° C. to 200 ° C. lower than the temperature on the Al s Ga 1-s N raw material 2 side (sublimation temperature)
- high-quality Al y Ga 1-y N species Crystal 4 is obtained.
- N 2 gas is continuously supplied to the outside of the crucible 12 in the reaction vessel 11 so that the gas partial pressure is about 101.3 hPa to 1013 hPa, whereby the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4 Impurities can be reduced.
- the temperature in the other part of the crucible 12 is made higher than the temperature on the Al s Ga 1-s N raw material 2 side of the crucible 12, thereby allowing impurities inside the crucible 12 to pass through the vent 12c. It can be removed, and contamination of impurities into the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4 can be further reduced.
- Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4 grown as described above has a polygonal plate shape such as a hexagonal plate shape, and is formed into a polygonal plate shape on crucible lid plate 12p. Are attached in an upright state.
- Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal used in the method of manufacturing Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal of the present embodiment Al y Ga 1-y N seed on the main surface of the base crystal by sublimation A crystal grown (that is, a crystal growth type on a base crystal) may be used. Referring to FIG. 3, the step of growing Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4 on main surface 1m of base crystal 1 by the sublimation method is performed, for example, as follows.
- the Al s Ga 1-s N raw material 2 is housed in the lower part of the crucible body 12q, and crystals such as SiC crystal, Al 2 O 3 crystal, Si crystal, GaN crystal, ZnO crystal are formed on the inner surface of the crucible lid plate 12p.
- the base crystal 1 having a diameter of Dmm is disposed so that the main surface 1m faces the Al s Ga 1-s N raw material 2.
- the heating body 13 is heated using the high-frequency heating coil 14 to raise the temperature in the crucible 12, and the Al s Ga 1-s N in the crucible 12 is increased.
- Al y Ga 1-y N is sublimated from the Al s Ga 1-s N raw material 2, and the main surface 1 m of the base crystal 1
- Al y Ga 1-y N is solidified again to grow an Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4.
- the sublimation temperature and sublimation pressure of Al are different from the sublimation temperature and sublimation pressure of Ga, respectively.
- the temperature of the crucible 12 on the Al s Ga 1-s N raw material 2 side (hereinafter also referred to as sublimation temperature) is set to about 1600 ° C. to 2300 ° C.
- crystal growth temperature the temperature on the base crystal 1 side (hereinafter also referred to as crystal growth temperature) of the crucible 12 lower by about 10 ° C. to 200 ° C. than the temperature on the Al s Ga 1-s N raw material 2 side (sublimation temperature)
- N 2 gas is continuously supplied to the outside of the crucible 12 in the reaction vessel 11 so that the gas partial pressure is about 101.3 hPa to 1013 hPa, whereby the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4 Impurities can be reduced.
- the temperature inside the crucible 12 is made higher than the temperature of the crucible 12 on the side of the Al s Ga 1-s N raw material 2, so that the impurities inside the crucible 12 are increased. Can be discharged through the vent 12c, and contamination of impurities into the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4 can be further reduced.
- the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4 having the crystal diameter D (mm) and the thickness T 0 (mm) obtained as described above is sliced in a plane parallel to the main surface, and the slice surface is polished.
- the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4 satisfying the relationship T ⁇ 0.003D + 0.15 between the crystal diameter D (mm) and the thickness T (mm) (where T 0 > T) is obtained. can get.
- the Al y Ga 1-y N single crystal 4 used in the Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal growth method of the present embodiment preferably has a (0001) surface as a main surface. Since the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal has a (0001) surface as the main surface, a large Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal is grown on the main surface of the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal. It becomes easy. From the viewpoint of stably and grow efficiently high quality Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal, Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal (0001) on the Ga surface, Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal It is preferable to grow.
- the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4 used in the Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal growth method of the present embodiment has at least one element of group IVB elements at a mass ratio of 10 ppm or more. It is preferable to contain.
- the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal containing 10 ppm (mass ratio) or more of at least one element of group IVB elements has a (0001) surface as a main surface, and has a hexagonal plate shape or the like. It has a polygonal plate shape and is likely to be a single crystal in which the crystal diameter D (mm) and the thickness T (mm) satisfy the relationship of T ⁇ 0.003D + 0.15.
- the content of at least one of the group IVB elements is preferably 10 ppm or more, more preferably 50 ppm or more, and even more preferably 100 ppm or more. Further, since an excessive amount of impurities causes defects in the crystal to grow, 5000 ppm or less is preferable and 500 ppm or less is more preferable from the viewpoint of reducing the excessive amount of impurities.
- the element of the IVB group element means an IVB group element in the long periodic table, and specifically, C (carbon), Si (silicon), Ge (germanium), Sn (tin), Pb (lead) ).
- Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal containing 10 ppm (mass ratio) or more of at least one element of group IVB elements there is no particular limitation to grow an Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal containing 10 ppm (mass ratio) or more of at least one element of group IVB elements.
- Al s Ga 1- s N raw material 2 with at least one element of IVB group element material (hereinafter, the group IVB element-containing materials) can be grown accommodated in the crucible 12.
- the content of the IVB group element-containing substance with respect to the entire raw material of the Al s Ga 1-s N raw material 2 and the IVB group element-containing substance is the sum of the IVB group element of the Al s Ga 1-s N and the IVB group element.
- the content of the IVB group element with respect to is preferably 50 ppm or more, more preferably 500 ppm or more in terms of mass ratio.
- the temperature (sublimation temperature) on the Al s Ga 1-s N raw material 2 side of the crucible 12 is preferably 1800 ° C. to 2300 ° C. Further, the temperature (crystal growth temperature) on the crucible lid plate 12p side of the crucible 12 is lower by about 10 ° C. to 250 ° C. than the temperature (sublimation temperature) on the Al s Ga 1-s N raw material 2 side, that is, 1550 ° C. to 2290. ° C is preferred.
- the half width of the diffraction peak in the rocking curve of X-ray diffraction is 150 arcsec or less. Preferably, it is 50 arcsec or less.
- the dislocation density of the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4 is preferably 1 ⁇ 10 6 cm ⁇ 2 or less.
- the method for measuring the dislocation density of the crystal is not particularly limited, and for example, the density of pits (EPD; etch pit density) obtained by etching the surface of the crystal can be measured.
- Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal On the main surface of a high-quality Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal having a half-width of a diffraction peak in an X-ray diffraction rocking curve of 150 arcsec or less or a dislocation density of 1 ⁇ 10 6 cm ⁇ 2 or less, An Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal can be grown.
- Example 1 Growth of AlN seed crystal (Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal)
- AlN powder (Al s Ga 1-s N raw material 2) and Si are used as raw materials at the bottom of crucible body 12q made of WC.
- Powder (IVB group element) was placed.
- the content rate of Si powder (IVB group element) in the raw material was 300 ppm.
- an SiC base crystal as the base crystal 1 having a crystal diameter of 40 mm was arranged so that the (0001) Si surface, which is the main surface 1 m, faces the raw material.
- the temperature in the crucible 12 was increased using the high-frequency heating coil 14 while flowing N 2 gas into the reaction vessel 11.
- the temperature on the crucible lid plate 12p side of the crucible 12 is set higher than the temperature on the Al s Ga 1-s N raw material 2 side, and the surface of the crucible lid plate 12p is etched during the temperature rise.
- the impurities released from the crucible 12 during the temperature increase were removed through the vent 12c.
- the Al s Ga 1-s N raw material 2 side temperature (sublimation temperature) of the crucible 12 is 1700 ° C.
- the crucible lid plate 12p side temperature (crystal growth temperature) is 1600 ° C.
- AlN and Si are removed from the raw material. subliming, SiC base crystal 1 (0001) disposed on the inner surface of the crucible cover plate 12p on the Si surface (main surface 1 m), solidifying the AlN again AlN seed crystal (Al y Ga 1-y N A seed crystal 4) was grown.
- the N 2 gas continues to flow outside the crucible 12 in the reaction vessel 11, and the gas partial pressure outside the crucible 12 in the reaction vessel 11 is increased.
- the amount of N 2 gas introduced and the amount of N 2 gas discharged were controlled so as to be about 101.3 hPa to 1013 hPa.
- AlN seed crystal Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4
- AlN seed crystal Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4
- a crystal diameter D of 40 mm and a thickness T 0 of 1 mm was grown.
- AlN seed crystal is sliced in a plane parallel to the main surface, and the slice surface is polished to obtain an AlN seed crystal (Al y Ga 1-y) having a crystal diameter D of 40 mm and a thickness T of 0.21 mm. N seed crystal 4) was obtained.
- the Si (IVB group element) content in the AlN seed crystal was 80 ppm as measured by SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry). When the rocking curve in X-ray diffraction of this AlN seed crystal was measured, the half-width of the diffraction peak was 180 arcsec.
- AlN single crystal (Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal)
- AlN powder Al t Ga 1-t N raw material 3
- AlN seed crystal Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4
- a crystal diameter D of 40 mm and a thickness T of 0.21 mm on the inner surface of the WC crucible lid plate 12p is 4 m on the main surface.
- Al surface was arranged to face the AlN powder (Al t Ga 1-t N raw material 3).
- the temperature in the crucible 12 was raised using the high frequency heating coil 14 while flowing N 2 gas into the reaction vessel 11.
- Noboru Yutakachu in the crucible 12 the temperature of the crucible cover plate 12p side of the crucible 12 to be higher than the temperature of the Al t Ga 1-t N raw material 3 side, crucible cover plate 12p and AlN seed in warm crystal
- the surface of (Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4) was cleaned by etching, and impurities released from the crucible 12 during the temperature increase were removed through the vent 12c.
- the temperature (sublimation temperature) on the Al t Ga 1-t N raw material 3 side of the crucible 12 is 1900 ° C.
- the temperature (crystal growth temperature) on the Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4 side is 1800 ° C.
- AlN is sublimated from the raw material
- AlN is solidified again on the AlN seed crystal (Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4) at the top of the crucible 12 to obtain an AlN single crystal (Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal). 5) was grown.
- the N 2 gas continues to flow outside the crucible 12 in the reaction vessel 11, and the gas partial pressure outside the crucible 12 in the reaction vessel 11 is reduced.
- the amount of N 2 gas introduced and the amount of N 2 gas discharged were controlled so as to be about 101.3 hPa to 1013 hPa.
- AlN single crystal Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal 5
- Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4 After growing an AlN single crystal (Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal 5) for 30 hours under the above-mentioned crystal growth conditions, cooling to room temperature (25 ° C.) and taking out the crucible lid plate 12p, An AlN single crystal (Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal 5) was grown on the main surface 4m of the crystal (Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4).
- the AlN single crystal (Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal 5) had a crystal diameter of 40 mm and a thickness of 4 mm.
- the rocking curve in X-ray diffraction of this AlN single crystal was measured, the half width of the diffraction peak was as small as 220 arcsec.
- the dislocation density of the AlN single crystal was as low as 5 ⁇ 10 6 cm ⁇ 2 as calculated by EPD (etch pit density) measurement. That is, the AlN single crystal of Example 1 was high quality.
- EPD etch pit density
- Example 2 Growth of AlN seed crystal (Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal)
- AlN seed crystal having a crystal diameter D of 40 mm and a thickness T 0 of 1 mm was grown.
- the AlN seed crystal was sliced along a plane parallel to the main surface, and the sliced surface was polished to obtain an AlN seed crystal having a crystal diameter D of 40 mm and a thickness T of 0.24 mm.
- the Si (IVB group element) content in the AlN seed crystal was 80 ppm. Further, the half width of the diffraction peak in the rocking curve measurement of the X-ray diffraction of this AlN seed crystal was 180 arcsec.
- AlN single crystal (Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal), the crystal diameter D is the thickness T at 40 mm AlN seed crystal of 0.24mm the (Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal)
- An AlN single crystal (Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal 5) was grown in the same manner as in Example 1 except that.
- the obtained AlN single crystal had a crystal diameter of 40 mm and a thickness of 4 mm.
- the half-width of the diffraction peak in the X-ray diffraction rocking curve measurement of this AlN single crystal was as small as 230 arcsec.
- the dislocation density of the AlN single crystal was as low as 6 ⁇ 10 6 cm ⁇ 2 . That is, the AlN single crystal of Example 2 was high quality.
- Table 1 The results are summarized in Table 1.
- (Comparative Example 1) Growth of AlN seed crystal (Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal)
- the crystal diameter D was 20 mm and the thickness T 0 was the same as in Example 1 except that a SiC base crystal having a crystal diameter of 20 mm was used.
- a 1 mm AlN seed crystal was grown.
- the AlN seed crystal was sliced along a plane parallel to the main surface, and the sliced surface was polished to obtain an AlN seed crystal having a crystal diameter D of 20 mm and a thickness T of 0.25 mm.
- the Si (IVB group element) content in the AlN seed crystal was 80 ppm. Further, the half width of the diffraction peak in the rocking curve measurement of the X-ray diffraction of this AlN seed crystal was 160 arcsec.
- AlN Single Crystal (Al x Ga 1-x N Single Crystal)
- AlN seed crystal Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal
- An AlN single crystal (Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal 5) was grown in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was used.
- the obtained AlN single crystal had a crystal diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 4 mm.
- the half-width of the diffraction peak in the X-ray diffraction rocking curve measurement of this AlN single crystal was as large as 350 arcsec.
- the dislocation density of this AlN single crystal was as high as 5 ⁇ 10 7 cm ⁇ 2 . That is, the AlN single crystal of Example 2 was low quality.
- Table 1 The results are summarized in Table 1.
- (Comparative Example 2) Growth of AlN seed crystal (Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal) Crystal diameter D in the same manner as in Example 1 except that only AlN powder (Al s Ga 1-s N raw material 2) was used as a raw material. An AlN seed crystal having a thickness of 40 mm and a thickness T 0 of 1 mm was grown. The AlN seed crystal was sliced along a plane parallel to the main surface, and the sliced surface was polished to obtain an AlN seed crystal having a crystal diameter D of 40 mm and a thickness T of 0.32 mm. Further, the half width of the diffraction peak in the X-ray diffraction rocking curve measurement of the AlN seed crystal was as large as 280 arcsec.
- AlN Single Crystal (Al x Ga 1-x N Single Crystal)
- AlN seed crystal Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal
- An AlN single crystal (Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal 5) was grown in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was used.
- the obtained AlN single crystal had a crystal diameter of 40 mm and a thickness of 4 mm.
- the half width of the diffraction peak in the X-ray diffraction rocking curve measurement of this AlN single crystal was as large as 460 arcsec.
- the dislocation density of the AlN single crystal was as high as 1 ⁇ 10 8 cm ⁇ 2 . That is, the AlN single crystal of Comparative Example 2 was low quality.
- Table 1 The results are summarized in Table 1.
- Example 3 Growth of AlN seed crystal (Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal)
- AlN powder (Al s Ga 1-s N raw material 2) and Si are used as raw materials at the bottom of crucible body 12q made of WC.
- Powder (IVB group element) was placed.
- the content rate of Si powder (IVB group element) in the raw material was 500 ppm.
- a crucible lid plate 12p made of WC was disposed so as to face the raw material.
- the temperature in the crucible 12 was raised using the high-frequency heating coil 14 while flowing N 2 gas into the reaction vessel 11.
- the temperature on the crucible lid plate 12p side of the crucible 12 is set higher than the temperature on the Al s Ga 1-s N raw material 2 side, and the surface of the crucible lid plate 12p is etched during the temperature rise.
- the impurities released from the crucible 12 during the temperature increase were removed through the vent 12c.
- the temperature (sublimation temperature) on the Al s Ga 1-s N raw material 2 side of the crucible 12 is 2200 ° C.
- the temperature (crystal growth temperature) on the crucible lid 12p side is 2150 ° C.
- AlN and Si are removed from the raw material. sublimating, on top of the crucible cover plate 12p of the crucible 12, it was grown AlN was solidified again AlN seed crystal (Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4).
- AlN seed crystal Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4
- the N 2 gas continues to flow outside the crucible 12 in the reaction vessel 11, and the gas partial pressure outside the crucible 12 in the reaction vessel 11 is increased.
- the amount of N 2 gas introduced and the amount of N 2 gas discharged were controlled so as to be about 101.3 hPa to 1013 hPa.
- AlN seed crystal Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal 4
- one AlN seed crystal had a crystal diameter D of 25 mm and a thickness T of 0.16 mm.
- the Si (IVB group element) content in the AlN seed crystal was 150 ppm.
- the full width at half maximum of the diffraction peak in the X-ray diffraction rocking curve measurement of the AlN seed crystal was as small as 70 arcsec. That is, the AlN seed crystal of Example 3 was very high quality.
- AlN Single Crystal (Al x Ga 1-x N Single Crystal)
- AlN seed crystal Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal
- An AlN single crystal (Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal 5) was grown in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was used.
- the obtained AlN single crystal had a crystal diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 4 mm.
- the half width of the diffraction peak in the X-ray diffraction rocking curve measurement of this AlN single crystal was very small at 70 arcsec.
- the dislocation density of the AlN single crystal was as low as 6 ⁇ 10 5 cm ⁇ 2 . That is, the AlN single crystal of Example 3 was very high quality.
- Table 1 The results are summarized in Table 1.
- Example 4 Except that AlN seed crystal (Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal) growth AlN seed crystal (Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal) growth time was 10 hours, in the same manner as in Example 3, A plurality of AlN seed crystals were grown. Of these AlN seed crystals, one AlN seed crystal had a crystal diameter D of 14 mm and a thickness T of 0.18 mm. The Si (IVB group element) content in the AlN seed crystal was 120 ppm. The half-width of the diffraction peak in the X-ray diffraction rocking curve measurement of this AlN seed crystal was very small at 80 arcsec. That is, the AlN seed crystal of Example 4 was very high quality.
- AlN single crystal (Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal)
- AlN seed crystal Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal
- An AlN single crystal (Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal 5) was grown in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was used.
- the obtained AlN single crystal had a crystal diameter of 14 mm and a thickness of 4 mm.
- the half width of the diffraction peak in the X-ray diffraction rocking curve measurement of this AlN single crystal was as small as 80 arcsec.
- the dislocation density of the AlN single crystal was as low as 8 ⁇ 10 5 cm ⁇ 2 . That is, the AlN single crystal of Example 3 was very high quality.
- Table 1 The results are summarized in Table 1.
- Example 5 With C (carbon) powder content 400ppm as Group IVB element of growing raw material AlN seed crystal (Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal), AlN seed crystal (Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal) A plurality of AlN seed crystals were grown in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the growth time was set to 20 hours. Among these AlN seed crystals, one AlN seed crystal had a crystal diameter D of 22 mm and a thickness T of 0.14 mm. The content of C (IVB group element) in this AlN seed crystal was 120 ppm as measured by SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry). The half-width of the diffraction peak in the X-ray diffraction rocking curve measurement of the AlN seed crystal was as extremely small as 25 arcsec. That is, the AlN seed crystal of Example 5 was extremely high quality.
- AlN Single Crystal (Al x Ga 1-x N Single Crystal)
- AlN seed crystal Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal
- An AlN single crystal (Al x Ga 1 -x) was used in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was used.
- N single crystals 5) were grown.
- the obtained AlN single crystal had a crystal diameter of 22 mm and a thickness of 4 mm.
- the half width of the diffraction peak in the X-ray diffraction rocking curve measurement of the AlN single crystal was as extremely small as 20 arcsec. Further, the dislocation density of this AlN single crystal was as extremely low as 5 ⁇ 10 4 cm ⁇ 2 . That is, the AlN single crystal of Example 5 was extremely high quality.
- Table 1 The results are summarized in Table 1.
- Example 6 With C powder content 600ppm as Group IVB element of growing raw material AlN seed crystal (Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal), AlN seed crystal (Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal) growth time A plurality of AlN seed crystals were grown in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the time was 40 hours. Of these AlN seed crystals, one AlN seed crystal had a crystal diameter D of 40 mm and a thickness T of 0.17 mm. The content of C (IVB group element) in this AlN seed crystal was 140 ppm. The half-width of the diffraction peak in the X-ray diffraction rocking curve measurement of the AlN seed crystal was as extremely small as 20 arcsec. That is, the AlN seed crystal of Example 5 was extremely high quality.
- AlN single crystal (Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal)
- AlN seed crystal Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal
- An AlN single crystal (Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal) was grown in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was used.
- the obtained AlN single crystal had a crystal diameter of 40 mm and a thickness of 4 mm.
- the half-width of the diffraction peak in the X-ray diffraction rocking curve measurement of the AlN single crystal was as extremely small as 15 arcsec. Further, the dislocation density of this AlN single crystal was as extremely low as 9 ⁇ 10 3 cm ⁇ 2 . That is, the AlN single crystal of Example 6 was extremely high quality.
- Table 1 The results are summarized in Table 1.
- the relationship between the crystal diameter D (mm) and the thickness T (mm) of the AlN seed crystal (Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal) is T ⁇ 0.003D + 0.15.
- the crystal diameter D (mm) and thickness T (mm) of the AlN seed crystal (Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal) are T ⁇
- Example 1 (E1) to Example 6 (E6) satisfying the relationship of 0.003D + 0.15, a high-quality AlN single crystal having a small half-value width of a diffraction peak in rocking curve measurement of X-ray diffraction and a low dislocation density (Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal) was obtained.
- the crystal diameter D (mm) and the thickness T (mm) of the AlN seed crystal (Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal) satisfy the relationship of 0.002D + 0.1 ⁇ T ⁇ 0.003D + 0.15.
- example 1 (E1) as compared to ⁇ example (E4), AlN seed crystal (Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal) crystal diameter D (mm) and thickness T (mm) and the T of ⁇ 0.002D + 0
- a crystal (Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal) was obtained.
- Example 1 (E1) to Example (E4) Example 1 (E1) and implementation using an AlN seed crystal (Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal) grown on a SiC base crystal (base crystal) Compared to Example 2 (E2), Example 3 (E3) and implementation using an AlN seed crystal in which an AlN seed crystal (Al y Ga 1-y N seed crystal) crystal nucleus was generated and grown.
- Example 4 In Example 4 (E4), a higher quality AlN single crystal (Al x Ga 1-x N single crystal) having a smaller half-width of the diffraction peak and lower dislocation density in the rocking curve measurement of X-ray diffraction was obtained. It was.
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Abstract
Description
1m,4m 主表面
2 AlsGa1-sN原料
3 AltGa1-tN原料
4 AlyGa1-yN種結晶
5 AlxGa1-xN単結晶
10 昇華炉
11 反応容器
11a N2ガス導入口
11c N2ガス排出口
12 坩堝
12c 通気口
12p 坩堝蓋板
12q 坩堝本体
13 加熱体
14 高周波加熱コイル
15 放射温度計
図1を参照する。本発明にかかるAlxGa1-xN単結晶の成長方法の一実施形態は、結晶径D(単位:mm)と厚さT(単位:mm)とがT<0.003D+0.15の関係を満たすAlyGa1-yN(0<y≦1)種結晶4を準備する工程と、昇華法によりAlyGa1-yN種結晶4の主表面4m上にAlxGa1-xN(0<x≦1)単結晶5を成長させる工程と、を備える。結晶径D(mm)と厚さT(mm)とがT<0.003D+0.15の関係を満たす厚さの小さいAlyGa1-yN種結晶の主表面上にAlxGa1-xN単結晶を成長させることにより、AlyGa1-yN種結晶上に成長するAlxGa1-xN単結晶中に発生する応力が緩和され、成長するAlxGa1-xN単結晶に転位などの欠陥、クラック、反りなどが発生するのが抑制され、大型で高品質のAlxGa1-xN単結晶が得られる。このことは、成長させるAlxGa1-xN単結晶の厚さが1mm以上の場合に特に有効である。
1.AlN種結晶(AlyGa1-yN種結晶)の成長
図3を参照して、WC製の坩堝本体12qの下部に、原料としてAlN粉末(AlsGa1-sN原料2)およびSi粉末(IVB族元素)を配置した。ここで、原料中におけるSi粉末(IVB族元素)の含有率は、300ppmとした。次いで、WC製の坩堝蓋板12pの内面上に、結晶径が40mmの下地結晶1としてのSiC下地結晶をその主表面1mである(0001)Si表面が原料に対向するように配置した。
図1を参照して、WC製の坩堝本体12qの下部に、原料としてAlN粉末(AltGa1-tN原料3)を配置した。次いで、WC製の坩堝蓋板12pの内面上に、結晶径Dが40mmで厚さTが0.21mmのAlN種結晶(AlyGa1-yN種結晶4)をその主表面4mである(0001)Al表面がAlN粉末(AltGa1-tN原料3)に対向するように配置した。
1.AlN種結晶(AlyGa1-yN種結晶)の成長
実施例1と同様にして、結晶径Dが40mmで厚さT0が1mmのAlN種結晶を成長させた。このAlN種結晶をその主表面と平行な面でスライスして、そのスライス面を研磨して結晶径Dが40mmで厚さTが0.24mmのAlN種結晶を得た。このAlN種結晶におけるSi(IVB族元素)の含有率は80ppmであった。また、このAlN種結晶のX線回折のロッキングカーブ測定における回折ピークの半値幅は180arcsecであった。
次に、上記結晶径Dが40mmで厚さTが0.24mmのAlN種結晶(AlyGa1-yN種結晶)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、AlN単結晶(AlxGa1-xN単結晶5)を成長させた。得られたAlN単結晶の大きさは、結晶径が40mmで厚さが4mmであった。このAlN単結晶のX線回折のロッキングカーブ測定における回折ピークの半値幅は230arcsecと小さかった。また、このAlN単結晶の転位密度は、6×106cm-2と低かった。すなわち、実施例2のAlN単結晶は高品質であった。結果を表1にまとめた。
1.AlN種結晶(AlyGa1-yN種結晶)の成長
結晶径が20mmのSiC下地結晶を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、結晶径Dが20mmで厚さT0が1mmのAlN種結晶を成長させた。このAlN種結晶をその主表面と平行な面でスライスして、そのスライス面を研磨して結晶径Dが20mmで厚さTが0.25mmのAlN種結晶を得た。このAlN種結晶におけるSi(IVB族元素)の含有率は80ppmであった。また、このAlN種結晶のX線回折のロッキングカーブ測定における回折ピークの半値幅は160arcsecであった。
次に、上記の結晶径Dが20mmで厚さTが0.25mmのAlN種結晶(AlyGa1-yN種結晶)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、AlN単結晶(AlxGa1-xN単結晶5)を成長させた。得られたAlN単結晶の大きさは、結晶径が20mmで厚さが4mmであった。このAlN単結晶のX線回折のロッキングカーブ測定における回折ピークの半値幅は350arcsecと大きかった。また、このAlN単結晶の転位密度は、5×107cm-2と高かった。すなわち、実施例2のAlN単結晶は低品質であった。結果を表1にまとめた。
1.AlN種結晶(AlyGa1-yN種結晶)の成長
原料としてAlN粉末(AlsGa1-sN原料2)のみを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、結晶径Dが40mmで厚さT0が1mmのAlN種結晶を成長させた。このAlN種結晶をその主表面と平行な面でスライスして、そのスライス面を研磨して結晶径Dが40mmで厚さTが0.32mmのAlN種結晶を得た。また、このAlN種結晶のX線回折のロッキングカーブ測定における回折ピークの半値幅は280arcsecと大きかった。
次に、上記の結晶径Dが40mmで厚さTが0.32mmのAlN種結晶(AlyGa1-yN種結晶)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、AlN単結晶(AlxGa1-xN単結晶5)を成長させた。得られたAlN単結晶の大きさは、結晶径が40mmで厚さが4mmであった。このAlN単結晶のX線回折のロッキングカーブ測定における回折ピークの半値幅は460arcsecと大きかった。また、このAlN単結晶の転位密度は、1×108cm-2と高かった。すなわち、比較例2のAlN単結晶は低品質であった。結果を表1にまとめた。
1.AlN種結晶(AlyGa1-yN種結晶)の成長
図2を参照して、WC製の坩堝本体12qの下部に、原料としてAlN粉末(AlsGa1-sN原料2)およびSi粉末(IVB族元素)を配置した。ここで、原料中におけるSi粉末(IVB族元素)の含有率は、500ppmとした。次いで、原料に対向するようにWC製の坩堝蓋板12pを配置した。
次に、上記の結晶径Dが25mmで厚さTが0.16mmのAlN種結晶(AlyGa1-yN種結晶)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、AlN単結晶(AlxGa1-xN単結晶5)を成長させた。得られたAlN単結晶の大きさは、結晶径が25mmで厚さが4mmであった。このAlN単結晶のX線回折のロッキングカーブ測定における回折ピークの半値幅は70arcsecとたいへん小さかった。また、このAlN単結晶の転位密度は、6×105cm-2とたいへん低かった。すなわち、実施例3のAlN単結晶はたいへん高品質であった。結果を表1にまとめた。
1.AlN種結晶(AlyGa1-yN種結晶)の成長
AlN種結晶(AlyGa1-yN種結晶)の成長時間を10時間としたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、複数のAlN種結晶を成長させた。これらのAlN種結晶のうちの1個のAlN種結晶の大きさは、結晶径Dが14mm、厚さTが0.18mmであった。このAlN種結晶におけるSi(IVB族元素)の含有率は、120ppmであった。このAlN種結晶のX線回折のロッキングカーブ測定における回折ピークの半値幅は80arcsecとたいへん小さかった。すなわち、実施例4のAlN種結晶はたいへん高品質であった。
次に、上記の結晶径Dが14mmで厚さTが0.18mmのAlN種結晶(AlyGa1-yN種結晶)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、AlN単結晶(AlxGa1-xN単結晶5)を成長させた。得られたAlN単結晶の大きさは、結晶径が14mmで厚さが4mmであった。このAlN単結晶のX線回折のロッキングカーブ測定における回折ピークの半値幅は80arcsecとたいへん小さかった。また、このAlN単結晶の転位密度は、8×105cm-2とたいへん低かった。すなわち、実施例3のAlN単結晶はたいへん高品質であった。結果を表1にまとめた。
1.AlN種結晶(AlyGa1-yN種結晶)の成長
原料中のIVB族元素として含有率400ppmのC(炭素)粉末を用いて、AlN種結晶(AlyGa1-yN種結晶)の成長時間を20時間としたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、複数のAlN種結晶を成長させた。これらのAlN種結晶のうちの1個のAlN種結晶の大きさは、結晶径Dが22mm、厚さTが0.14mmであった。このAlN種結晶におけるC(IVB族元素)の含有率は、SIMS(2次イオン質量分析)により測定したところ、120ppmであった。このAlN種結晶のX線回折のロッキングカーブ測定における回折ピークの半値幅は25arcsecと極めて小さかった。すなわち、実施例5のAlN種結晶は極めて高品質であった。
次に、上記の結晶径Dが22mmで厚さTが0.14mmのAlN種結晶(AlyGa1-yN種結晶)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、AlN単結晶(AlxGa1-x
N単結晶5)を成長させた。得られたAlN単結晶の大きさは、結晶径が22mmで厚さが4mmであった。このAlN単結晶のX線回折のロッキングカーブ測定における回折ピークの半値幅は20arcsecと極めて小さかった。また、このAlN単結晶の転位密度は、5×104cm-2と極めて低かった。すなわち、実施例5のAlN単結晶は極めて高品質であった。結果を表1にまとめた。
1.AlN種結晶(AlyGa1-yN種結晶)の成長
原料中のIVB族元素として含有率600ppmのC粉末を用いて、AlN種結晶(AlyGa1-yN種結晶)の成長時間を40時間としたこと以外は、実施例3と同様にして、複数のAlN種結晶を成長させた。これらのAlN種結晶のうちの1個のAlN種結晶の大きさは、結晶径Dが40mm、厚さTが0.17mmであった。このAlN種結晶におけるC(IVB族元素)の含有率は、140ppmであった。このAlN種結晶のX線回折のロッキングカーブ測定における回折ピークの半値幅は20arcsecと極めて小さかった。すなわち、実施例5のAlN種結晶は極めて高品質であった。
次に、上記の結晶径Dが40mmで厚さTが0.17mmのAlN種結晶(AlyGa1-yN種結晶)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、AlN単結晶(AlxGa1-xN単結晶)を成長させた。得られたAlN単結晶の大きさは、結晶径が40mmで厚さが4mmであった。このAlN単結晶のX線回折のロッキングカーブ測定における回折ピークの半値幅は15arcsecと極めて小さかった。また、このAlN単結晶の転位密度は、9×103cm-2と極めて低かった。すなわち、実施例6のAlN単結晶は極めて高品質であった。結果を表1にまとめた。
Claims (4)
- 結晶径Dmmと厚さTmmとがT<0.003D+0.15の関係を満たすAlyGa1-yN(0<y≦1)種結晶を準備する工程と、
昇華法により、前記AlyGa1-yN種結晶の主表面上にAlxGa1-xN(0<x≦1)単結晶を成長させる工程と、を備えるAlxGa1-xN単結晶の成長方法。 - 前記AlyGa1-yN種結晶は、昇華法により前記AlyGa1-yN種結晶の結晶核を生成させて前記結晶核を成長させたものである請求項1に記載のAlxGa1-xN単結晶の成長方法。
- 前記AlyGa1-yN種結晶は、主表面として(0001)表面を有する請求項1または請求項2に記載のAlxGa1-xN単結晶の成長方法。
- 前記AlyGa1-yN種結晶は、IVB族元素のうちの少なくとも1種類の元素を質量比で10ppm以上含有する請求項1から請求項3までのいずれかに記載のAlxGa1-xN単結晶の成長方法。
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| EP08871941.4A EP2258890B1 (en) | 2008-01-31 | 2008-12-24 | METHOD FOR GROWING AlxGa1-xN SINGLE CRYSTAL |
| CN2008801259815A CN101932758A (zh) | 2008-01-31 | 2008-12-24 | 生长AlxGa1-xN单晶的方法 |
| KR1020107015599A KR101323868B1 (ko) | 2008-01-31 | 2008-12-24 | AlxGa1-xN 단결정의 성장 방법 |
| US12/865,397 US20100307405A1 (en) | 2008-01-31 | 2008-12-24 | Method for Growing AlxGa1-xN Single Crystal |
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| EP2267196A4 (en) * | 2008-04-17 | 2011-06-22 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | PROCESS FOR BREEDING ALN CRYSTALS AND ALN LAMINATE |
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| US9909230B2 (en) | 2006-04-07 | 2018-03-06 | Sixpoint Materials, Inc. | Seed selection and growth methods for reduced-crack group III nitride bulk crystals |
| JP2015013762A (ja) | 2013-07-03 | 2015-01-22 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 炭化珪素単結晶の製造方法および炭化珪素単結晶基板 |
| JP5818853B2 (ja) * | 2013-10-15 | 2015-11-18 | 株式会社トクヤマ | n型窒化アルミニウム単結晶基板を用いた縦型窒化物半導体デバイス |
| WO2016118862A1 (en) * | 2015-01-22 | 2016-07-28 | Sixpoint Materials, Inc. | Seed selection and growth methods for reduced-crack group iii nitride bulk crystals |
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| TW417315B (en) * | 1998-06-18 | 2001-01-01 | Sumitomo Electric Industries | GaN single crystal substrate and its manufacture method of the same |
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