WO2009096026A1 - 放電加工装置 - Google Patents
放電加工装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009096026A1 WO2009096026A1 PCT/JP2008/051553 JP2008051553W WO2009096026A1 WO 2009096026 A1 WO2009096026 A1 WO 2009096026A1 JP 2008051553 W JP2008051553 W JP 2008051553W WO 2009096026 A1 WO2009096026 A1 WO 2009096026A1
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- workpiece
- power source
- switch
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- machining
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H1/00—Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
- B23H1/02—Electric circuits specially adapted therefor, e.g. power supply, control, preventing short circuits or other abnormal discharges
- B23H1/022—Electric circuits specially adapted therefor, e.g. power supply, control, preventing short circuits or other abnormal discharges for shaping the discharge pulse train
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- the present invention relates to an electric discharge machining apparatus for machining a workpiece by electric discharge.
- the electrical discharge machining apparatus is an apparatus for machining a workpiece by generating an arc discharge between the machining electrode and the workpiece.
- the electric discharge machining apparatus requires a power source (electric discharge machining power source) for generating arc discharge, and there are various types of configurations of the machining power source.
- a first power supply unit capable of generating a voltage pulse such that a machining electrode (hereinafter simply referred to as an “electrode”) is a positive electrode with respect to the workpiece, and a negative electrode with respect to the workpiece.
- a second power supply unit capable of generating such a voltage pulse, and by alternately driving these two power supply units, the gap between the electrode and the workpiece is positive and There is an electric power source for electric discharge machining that can apply an electric discharge pulse of reverse polarity (for example, see Patent Document 1 and FIG. 35).
- the first power supply unit includes a capacitor Cq for accumulating charges, a DC power supply Vs for charging the capacitor Cq, a charging resistor Rs provided on the charging path, and a capacitor Cq.
- the switching element Su that generates the pulsed discharge voltage by flowing the electric charge accumulated in the gap
- the backflow prevention diode D2 connected in series to the switching element Su, and connected in parallel with the gap, and short-circuits the gap.
- the second power supply unit includes a switching element S1 and a backflow prevention diode D1 connected in series to the switching element S1.
- the second power supply unit includes a capacitor Cr for accumulating charges, a DC power supply Vt for charging the capacitor Cr, and a charging path.
- the charge accumulated in the provided charging resistor Rr and capacitor Cr is caused to flow through the gap to generate a pulsed discharge voltage.
- the capacitor Cq is charged from the power supply Vs belonging to the first power supply unit via the charging resistor Rs, and the energy charged in the capacitor Cq is turned on between the workpiece and the electrode (covered by turning on the switching element Su).
- the workpiece is regarded as an electrode and is hereinafter referred to as “between electrodes”.
- electrode voltage the voltage generated between the electrode and the workpiece
- the voltage charged in the capacitor Cr by the power source Vt the voltage opposite to the voltage charged in the capacitor Cq
- the discharge current disappears quickly.
- the voltage transferred from the capacitor Cq (Cr) is generated between the electrodes every time the voltage pulse is applied, and the capacitance is transferred each time. Control to reset the voltage.
- the switching element Su (St) is turned on to control to apply the voltage from the capacitor Cq (Cr).
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electric discharge machining apparatus that can achieve both desired machining accuracy and desired controllability.
- an electric discharge machining apparatus applies a voltage pulse between a machining electrode and a workpiece, and performs machining by appropriately switching the polarity of the voltage pulse.
- a first DC power source electrically connected so that a positive electrode side is on the workpiece side and a negative electrode side is on the machining electrode side, the first DC power source, and the workpiece
- a first switch inserted in a current path connecting the processing electrode and the first DC power source in series, a positive electrode side on the processing electrode side, and a negative electrode side on the workpiece
- a second DC power supply that is electrically connected to be on the side, and inserted into a current path that connects between the second DC power supply, the processing electrode, and the workpiece,
- a second switch connected in series with the DC power source and the front A first DC power source and a first switch connected in series, a third switch electrically connected in parallel between the workpiece and the processing electrode, and the second
- a control unit that generates and outputs a switching signal for controlling the first to fourth switches, and when the control unit provides a period for turning on the first switch, the period Within the fourth The period for the switch in the ON state is provided, wherein the case of providing a period for turning ON the second switch, and providing a period in which the third switch in the period to the ON state.
- the fourth switch when the control unit that controls the first to fourth switches has a period during which the first switch is turned on, the fourth switch is turned on within the period.
- a period for turning on the second switch is provided, and a period for turning on the third switch is provided within the period, the desired processing accuracy and desired.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an electric discharge machining apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a switching signal waveform according to the present embodiment, and an inter-electrode voltage waveform (during non-discharge and discharge) and a discharge current waveform at that time.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an electric discharge machining apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an electric discharge machining apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the electric discharge machining apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of an electric discharge machining apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a switching signal waveform according to the present embodiment, and an inter-electrode voltage waveform (d
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration of a conventional electric discharge machining apparatus shown as a comparative example.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a switching signal waveform when controlling the electric discharge machining apparatus shown in FIG. 6, and an inter-electrode voltage waveform (during non-discharge and discharge) and a discharge current waveform at that time.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the electric discharge machining apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and is a functional block diagram mainly showing a power supply unit.
- the electric discharge machining apparatus 1 includes a power supply unit 4, an electric discharge machining unit 6, and a control unit 8.
- the power supply unit 4 includes a preliminary discharge power supply (also referred to as a sub power supply) 11 and a main discharge power supply (also referred to as a main power supply) 12.
- the preliminary discharge power supply 11 is a power supply unit for generating a preliminary discharge pulse, which will be described later, and includes a first power supply 111 that is a first DC power supply, a second power supply 112 that is a second DC power supply,
- the switching element SW1 to SW4 forming the fourth switch, the diodes D1 to D6, and the current limiting resistors R1 and R2 forming the first and second resistors are configured
- the main discharge power source 12 is the third DC power source.
- the electric discharge machining unit 6 has an electrode 2 and a workpiece 3 disposed so as to face each other, and the electrode 2 and the workpiece 3 each have, for example, a machine as a switch for disconnecting from the main discharge power source 12.
- Conductors 16a and 16b which are typical switches, are connected. Note that floating between the electrode 2 and the workpiece 3 is determined by the shape and size of the electrode 2 and the workpiece 3 or the distance (distance between the electrodes) between the electrode 2 and the workpiece 3. There is a capacitive component. For this reason, this stray component is shown as a stray capacitance 14 connected between both ends of the electrode 2 and the workpiece 3 as indicated by a broken line portion in FIG.
- a host controller 102 including a machining parameter 100 and an operation identification processing unit 101 is provided outside the electric discharge machining apparatus 1.
- the machining parameter 100 includes information indicating a machining operation, a machining condition, and the like, and the operation identification processing unit 101 performs control information (hereinafter referred to as “machining”) when performing electrical discharge machining based on the information of the machining parameter 100.
- Information is identified and transmitted to the control unit 8.
- this control information includes, for example, information on voltage polarity such as whether to perform positive polarity processing, reverse polarity processing, or both, processing speed, surface roughness, electrode wear, straightness Information on which of these is to be emphasized is included.
- the control unit 8 determines the voltage to be applied between the electrode 2 and the workpiece 3 (hereinafter referred to as “electrode-to-electrode applied voltage”) using the processing information output from the motion identification processing unit 101 and performs switching.
- a control signal for switching control of the elements SW1 to SW6 is output.
- the switching elements SW1 to SW6 are controlled based on a switching signal output from the control unit 8, and a desired inter-electrode applied voltage is supplied between the electrode 2 and the workpiece 3.
- the positive terminal of the first power supply 111 is connected to the anode of the diode D1, and the negative terminal is connected to the positive terminal of the second power supply 112.
- the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the drain of the switching element SW1, and the source of the switching element SW1 is connected to the current limiting resistor R1.
- the current limiting resistor R2 is connected to the anode of the diode D2, and the cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the drain of the switching element SW2.
- the source of the switching element SW2 is connected to the negative terminal of the second power source 112.
- the positive terminal of the second power source 112 is connected to the anode of the diode D3, and the cathode of the diode D3 is connected to the current limiting resistor R1. Furthermore, the current limiting resistor R2 and the anode of the diode D4 are connected, and the cathode of the diode D4 and the positive terminal of the first power supply 111 are connected.
- the switching element SW3 and the switching element SW4 are connected in parallel with respect to the gaps.
- the drain of the switching element SW3 is connected to the workpiece 3 via the diode D5 and the current limiting resistor R1, and the source of the switching element SW3 is connected to the electrode 2.
- the drain of the switching element SW4 is connected to the electrode 2 via the diode D6, and the source of the switching element SW4 is connected to the workpiece 3 via the current limiting resistor R2.
- the current limiting resistors R1 and R2 may have the same resistance value or different resistance values.
- the drain of the switching element SW5 and the cathode of the diode D8 are connected to the positive terminal of the third power supply 121, and the anode of the diode D7 and the source of the switching element SW6 are connected to the negative terminal of the third power supply 121. Is done. Further, the source of the switching element SW5 and the cathode of the diode D7 are connected, and this contact point is an output point to the workpiece 3. Similarly, the anode of the diode D8 and the drain of the switching element SW6 are connected, and this contact point is an output point to the electrode 2.
- both the preliminary discharge power source 11 and the main discharge power source 12 are used, and in the case of finishing processing.
- only the preliminary discharge power supply 11 is used.
- the connections between the main discharge power supply 12, the electrode 2 and the workpiece 3 are disconnected by the conductors 16a and 16b.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a switching signal waveform output from the control unit 8, and an inter-electrode voltage waveform and a discharge current waveform at that time. More specifically, FIGS. 4A to 4D show switching signals applied to the switching elements SW1 to SW4, respectively, and FIG. 4E shows the signals shown in FIGS. This is a voltage waveform between the electrodes generated by the switching signal, and FIG. 5F is a waveform of a discharge current that flows between the electrodes when the voltage between the electrodes shown in FIG.
- the switching element SW1 is turned on for an arbitrary period, and then stopped for an arbitrary period.
- the inter-electrode voltage gradually rises as shown in FIG. 5E by repeating a series of switching operations.
- the discharge start voltage is exceeded at timing (2), dielectric breakdown occurs between the electrodes, and a discharge current as shown in FIG.
- the ON-OFF operation of the switching element SW1 is repeated because the power supply current from the first power supply 111 flows between the poles by turning off immediately even if it is discharged under the ON operation condition. It is to do. That is, the maximum value of the processing energy is defined by the ON pulse width.
- the polarity when the voltage pulse is supplied from the first power supply 111 is positive, and the polarity when the voltage pulse is supplied from the second power supply 112 is opposite.
- the positive pulse is repeatedly applied an arbitrary number of times and ends at timing (3).
- the switching element SW3 is turned on almost in synchronization with the falling edge of the switching element SW1 (actually, an interval of several ns to several us is provided so that no short-circuit current flows between the switching elements).
- the switching element SW4 maintains the ON state while the switching element SW1 is in the ON-OFF operation, and the timing (4) at which the switching element SW2 starts the ON-OFF operation (actually between the switching elements). In order to prevent a short-circuit current from flowing, it is controlled to be OFF at a timing earlier by several ns to several us).
- the arc discharge when performing the positive polarity machining can be limited to the positive voltage generated at the timing (2).
- arc discharge in the case of performing reverse polarity machining can be limited only to the reverse polarity voltage generated at the timing (5).
- FIGS. 6 and 7 are diagram illustrating a configuration of the electric discharge machining apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1 described above, and FIG. 7 is an example of a switching signal waveform in the case of controlling the electric discharge machining apparatus illustrated in FIG. It is a figure which shows the voltage waveform between electrodes at that time, and a discharge current waveform.
- the switching elements SW3 and SW4 are turned on at the end of the ON-OFF operation of the switching element SW1 or at the end of the ON-OFF operation of the switching element SW2, respectively.
- the control is to return the voltage to approximately 0 V (see FIGS. 2A to 2D).
- control is performed to turn on both the switching elements SW3 and SW4 during the period of the timings (3) to (4).
- this is not always necessary, and in view of the voltage polarity between the electrodes.
- the switching element SW3 may be turned on at the end of the ON-OFF operation of the switching element SW1
- the switching element SW4 may be turned on at the end of the ON-OFF operation of the switching element SW2.
- the conventional switching operation as shown in FIG. 7 uses a capacitance transition from a capacitor to an electrode, and a transient voltage pulse is applied (appearing a sine half wave in order to give a vibration pulse).
- a transient voltage pulse is applied (appearing a sine half wave in order to give a vibration pulse).
- the inter-electrode voltage during non-discharge is continuously applied for a relatively long time. If the voltage pulse is inverted while there is a voltage between the electrodes, the inverted power supply voltage will be superimposed on the previous voltage, so a high voltage will be output and the machining operation may become unstable There is sex. Therefore, the switching operation as shown in FIG. 7 cannot be performed.
- the control to turn on the switching element SW3 is performed at the timing (3) when the ON-OFF operation of the switching element SW1 ends.
- the electric charge stored in the stray capacitance is consumed in the path of the workpiece 3 ⁇ the current limiting resistor R1 ⁇ the diode D5 ⁇ the switching element SW3 ⁇ the electrode 2, and the interelectrode voltage is lowered to around 0V (timing) (See the waveform of FIG. 2 (e) in (2) to (3)).
- the second important point according to the present embodiment is that the current limiting resistors R1 and R2 are arranged on the side closer to the electrodes than the switching elements SW3 and SW4 (see FIG. 1).
- the current limiting resistor R1 (R2) is for limiting the current flowing between the electrodes from the first power supply 111 (second power supply 112) at the time of discharging, but affects the charge / discharge operation between the electrodes. .
- the voltage between the electrodes increases due to the time constant between the current limiting resistor R1 (R2) and the stray capacitance and the duty ratio of the ON-OFF operation, and during discharging, the current limiting resistor R1 (R2) and the stray capacitance
- the interelectrode voltage decreases only with the time constant.
- the current limiting resistor R1 (R2) is selected in consideration of the processing speed (related to “charge time of interelectrode voltage”) and surface roughness (related to “degree of current limiting”), but at least Since the rate of voltage drop is equal to or less than the rate of voltage rise, charging resistance and discharging resistance can be shared.
- the influence when an abnormal operation occurs on the power supply side is blocked by the current limiting resistor R1 (R2). Can be made smaller.
- first power supply 111 ⁇ diode D1 ⁇ switching element SW1 ⁇ diode D5 ⁇ switching element SW3 ⁇ first power supply 111 second power supply 112 ⁇ diode D6 ⁇ switching element SW4 ⁇ diode D2 ⁇ switching element SW2 ⁇ first Through current of the path of the second power source 112) flows. This through current can be eliminated by turning off the switching element SW3 (SW4) or the switching element SW1 (SW2).
- the switching element SW3 (SW4) or the switching element SW1 (SW2) is turned off, a high voltage is generated by the energy stored in the floating inductance component existing on the path.
- This high voltage is surge-like and instantaneous, but if it is directly output between the electrodes, the machining quality is significantly lowered, which is not preferable.
- the current limiting resistor R1 (R2) is arranged in the vicinity of the gap or in the vicinity of the output end of the circuit, so that the current based on the abnormal operation can be blocked. It becomes possible to prevent deterioration in quality.
- the third important point according to the present embodiment is that the switching element SW4 (SW3) is always in the ON state during the ON-OFF operation of the switching element SW1 (SW2).
- the switching element SW4 (SW3) is always in the ON state during the ON-OFF operation of the switching element SW1 (SW2).
- the driving method according to the prior art shown in FIG. 7 when the voltage waveform vibrates at the discharge start timing, there is a possibility that the arc discharge is continued without interruption.
- excess energy can be consumed via the switching element SW4 (SW3), and the discharge can be stopped reliably.
- a positive voltage in which the potential of the workpiece 3 is higher than that of the electrode 2 is applied.
- the potential of the electrode 2 may be reversed to a reverse polarity voltage that is higher than the potential of the workpiece 3.
- the reverse polarity voltage disappears in the path of electrode 2 ⁇ diode D6 ⁇ switching element SW4 ⁇ current limiting resistor R2 ⁇ workpiece 3, and the interpolar voltage is suppressed to around 0 V.
- the voltage does not exceed the discharge start voltage. In other words, the arc discharge is limited to the positive voltage generated at the timing (2).
- the current limiting resistor R2 functions as a damping resistor at this time.
- the timing (5) is also the same. Even if the oscillation waveform is generated by the discharge of the reverse polarity voltage and the positive polarity voltage is increased, the workpiece 3 ⁇ the current limiting resistor R1 ⁇ the diode D5 ⁇ the switching element SW3 ⁇ the electrode 2 In this path, the positive voltage disappears and the voltage between the electrodes is suppressed to around 0 V, so the positive voltage does not exceed the discharge start voltage. By these operations, it is possible to avoid a decrease in surface roughness due to unnecessary discharge, and it is possible to prevent a decrease in processing quality.
- diodes D3 and D4 are inserted as shown in FIG. For example, if the electrodes are short-circuited during the period when the switching element SW1 is ON, the short-circuit current is changed from the first power source 111 ⁇ the diode D1 ⁇ the switching element SW1 ⁇ the current limiting resistor R1 ⁇ the workpiece 3 ⁇ the electrode 2 ⁇ the first. It flows through the path of the power supply 111. When the switching element SW1 is turned off in this state, a surge voltage is generated in the circuit to some extent although the current limiting resistor R1 exists. The diodes D3 and D4 work to regenerate to the power supply side when the surge voltage exceeds the power supply voltage.
- the voltage generated at the moment when the switching element SW1 is turned off is the second power source 112 in the path of the workpiece 3 ⁇ the electrode 2 ⁇ the second power source 112 ⁇ the diode D3 ⁇ the resistor R1 ⁇ the workpiece 3 It is revived.
- the surge voltage generated at the moment when the electrodes are short-circuited while the switching element SW2 is ON and the switching element SW2 is OFF is as follows: electrode 2 ⁇ workpiece 3 ⁇ current limiting resistor R2 ⁇ diode D4 ⁇ first It is regenerated to the first power supply 111 through the path from the power supply 111 to the electrode 2.
- the switching element SW4 (SW3) is controlled to be always ON, but this is not the main point.
- the important point is that the reversal voltage (reverse polarity voltage in the case of positive polarity machining, positive polarity voltage in the case of reverse polarity machining) that may be generated by the vibration component due to electric discharge is extinguished. It is sufficient if the voltage is suppressed to around 0V. In this sense, it is only necessary to provide a period during which the switching element SW4 (SW3) is in the ON state (predetermined period ON) while the switching element SW1 (SW2) is ON.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an electric discharge machining apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the current limiting resistors R1 and R2 are provided individually corresponding to the first power supply 111 and the second power supply 112, respectively, but in this embodiment, the common resistance Rx is shared.
- the shared resistor Rx has one end connected to the electrode 2 and is inserted on a common current path connecting the electrode 2, the first power supply 111, and the connection point of the second power supply 112.
- the switching elements SW1 and SW2 may be destroyed.
- the possibility that the switching elements SW1 and SW2 are simultaneously turned on is considerably lower than the possibility that the switching elements SW1 and SW3 (SW2 and SW4) are simultaneously turned on.
- the configuration of FIG. 3 has no practical problem.
- At least one of the current limiting resistors R1 and R2 shown in FIG. 1 is provided, and further shown in FIG. It is desirable that the common resistor Rx be inserted. With such a configuration, it is possible to have both a short-circuit protection function and a current limiting function during discharging, and it is possible to obtain a high-quality electric discharge machining apparatus with a small number of parts.
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an electric discharge machining apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- the current limiting resistors R1 and R2 are provided individually corresponding to the first power supply 111 and the second power supply 112, respectively, but in this embodiment, the common resistance Ry is common.
- the common shared resistor Rx is inserted between the connection point between the first power supply 111 and the second power supply 112 and the connection point between the switching element SW3 and the diode D6.
- the common shared resistor Ry is inserted between the connection point between the switching element SW3 and the diode D6 and the electrode 2.
- symbol is attached
- the current flowing between the electrodes from the first power supply 111 and the second power supply 112 can be limited. It can also serve as a protection against abnormal operation of the switching element. Further, as in the second embodiment, only the shared resistor Ry that is shared on the charge path for the stray capacitance 14 and the discharge path from the stray capacitance 14 may be arranged. In addition to the effects of the first embodiment, There is also an effect that the number of parts can be reduced.
- the common resistor may be inserted on the workpiece 3 side. Specifically, one end of the shared resistor is connected to the workpiece 3, and the shared resistor is inserted on a common current path that connects the first power supply 111 and the second power supply 112 to the workpiece 3. .
- At least one of the current limiting resistors R1 and R2 shown in FIG. It is desirable to provide one. That is, it is only necessary that a predetermined resistance is inserted into at least two of the three connection lines connecting the electric discharge machining unit 6 and the preliminary discharge power supply 11. With such a configuration, it is possible to have both a short-circuit protection function and a current limiting function during discharging, and it is possible to obtain a high-quality electric discharge machining apparatus with a small number of parts.
- FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the electric discharge machining apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- An example of the switching signal waveform output from the control unit 8 and the inter-electrode voltage waveform and the pole at that time It is a figure which shows a current waveform. Note that the configuration of the electric discharge machining apparatus is the same as or equivalent to that of the first embodiment, and a description thereof will be omitted.
- the switching element SW1 when the switching element SW1 is turned on for an arbitrary period at timing (1), the voltage between the electrodes rises to the voltage value of the first power supply 111 as shown in FIG.
- water when water is used as the working fluid, it is necessary to apply a bipolar voltage between the electrodes in order to prevent electrolytic corrosion. For this reason, if a discharge is not detected even if a voltage is applied for an arbitrary period, the polarity must be reversed. Therefore, the interelectrode voltage is increased to the voltage value of the second power supply 112 by turning on the switching element SW2 at the timing (3).
- the switching elements SW3 and SW4 are controlled to be turned on simultaneously (not necessarily at the same time).
- the interpolar voltage on the positive polarity side is once surely reduced to 0V.
- the timing (4) by turning on the switching elements SW3 and SW4, the interpolar voltage on the reverse polarity side is once lowered to 0V reliably, and the switching element SW1 is turned on at the timing (5).
- the control to apply the positive voltage pulse again is performed.
- the electrode acts as a capacitive component. Therefore, if the applied voltage is reversed while the charge is accumulated, the charge accumulated during the previous charge is pumped and an instantaneous high voltage appears between the electrodes. On the other hand, by turning on the switching elements SW3 and SW4, the stored charge is once reset, and a high voltage higher than the power supply voltage can be prevented from being applied between the electrodes.
- the switching element SW1 When the discharge is detected at the timing (6), the switching element SW1 is immediately stopped and the main discharge pulse switching elements SW5 and SW6 are simultaneously turned on to control the supply of the main discharge current between the electrodes. By this control, a current flows through the path of the third power source 121 ⁇ the switching element SW 5 ⁇ the workpiece 3 ⁇ the electrode 2 ⁇ the switching element SW 6 ⁇ the third power source 121. Further, when the switching elements SW5 and SW6 are controlled to be turned off at timing (7), the energy stored in the floating inductance component existing on the path is changed from electrode 2 ⁇ diode D8 ⁇ third power supply 121 ⁇ diode D7 ⁇ It is regenerated to the third power source 121 along the path of the workpiece 3. At the timing (8) when the inter-electrode current almost stops flowing, the switching elements SW3 and SW4 are again turned on.
- the discharge may not be continuous due to the configuration in which the discharge is induced by the preliminary discharge circuit and the discharge current is caused to flow in the main discharge circuit.
- the discharge current cannot be confirmed between the timings (6) to (8), and the power supply voltage of the third power supply 121 is directly applied to the interelectrode voltage. If the switching elements SW3 and SW4 are not turned on, the preliminary discharge voltage is pumped to this high voltage. Therefore, the next time the preliminary discharge pulse is applied, the interelectrode voltage further increases and the machining operation becomes unstable. It is also a concern.
- the control sequence in which the main discharge pulse is applied when the discharge based on the preliminary discharge pulse whose polarity is alternately reversed is detected.
- the gist of the present invention is to reset the inter-electrode state once when the inter-electrode state becomes unstable. In this sense, every time the polarity of the applied voltage between the electrodes is reversed, the interelectrode voltage may be reset, or the interelectrode voltage may be controlled after the main discharge pulse is applied.
- the operations of the preliminary discharge power supply 11 and the main discharge power supply 12 at the time of rough machining and intermediate finishing machining when the electric discharge machining apparatus according to the first embodiment is used have been described. It is possible to cause the electric discharge machining apparatus according to No. 3 to perform the same operation. That is, applying the control according to the fourth embodiment to the electric discharge machining apparatus according to the second and third embodiments is also included in the gist of the present invention.
- the electric discharge machining apparatus according to the present invention is useful as an invention that can achieve both desired machining accuracy and desired controllability.
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Abstract
Description
2 電極
3 被加工物
4 電源部
6 放電加工部
8 制御部
11 予備放電電源
12 主放電電源
14 浮遊容量
16a,16b コンダクタ
100 加工パラメータ
101 動作識別処理部
102 上位コントローラ
111 第1の電源
112 第2の電源
121 第3の電源
D1~D8 ダイオード
R1,R2 電流制限抵抗
Rx,Ry 共用抵抗
SW1~SW6 スイッチング素子
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1にかかる放電加工装置の概略構成を示す図であり、電源部を中心として示した機能ブロック図である。図1において、放電加工装置1は、電源部4、放電加工部6および制御部8を備えている。
図1において、電源部4は、予備放電電源(サブ電源とも呼ぶ)11および主放電電源(メイン電源とも呼ぶ)12を有している。予備放電電源11は、後述する予備放電パルスを生成するための電源部であり、第1の直流電源である第1の電源111、第2の直流電源である第2の電源112、第1~第4のスイッチを成すスイッチング素子SW1~SW4、ダイオードD1~D6および、第1、第2の抵抗を成す電流制限抵抗R1,R2を備えて構成され、主放電電源12は、第3の直流電源である第3の電源121、第5、第6のスイッチを成すスイッチング素子SW5,SW6、およびダイオードD7,D8を備えて構成される。
図1において、第1の電源111の正極側端子は、ダイオードD1のアノードと接続され、負極側端子は第2の電源112の正極側端子と接続される。ダイオードD1のカソードはスイッチング素子SW1のドレインに接続され、スイッチング素子SW1のソースは電流制限抵抗R1と接続される。一方、電流制限抵抗R2はダイオードD2のアノードと接続され、ダイオードD2のカソードはスイッチング素子SW2のドレインと接続される。また、スイッチング素子SW2のソースは第2の電源112の負極側端子と接続される。さらに、第2の電源112の正極側端子はダイオードD3のアノードと接続され、ダイオードD3のカソードは電流制限抵抗R1と接続される。さらに、電流制限抵抗R2とダイオードD4のアノードとが接続され、ダイオードD4のカソードと第1の電源111の正極側端子とが接続される。
図1において、スイッチング素子SW5のドレインおよびダイオードD8のカソードは第3の電源121の正極側端子と接続され、ダイオードD7のアノードおよびスイッチング素子SW6のソースは第3の電源121の負極側端子と接続される。また、スイッチング素子SW5のソースおよびダイオードD7のカソードが接続されるとともに、この接点は被加工物3への出力点となる。同様に、ダイオードD8のアノードおよびスイッチング素子SW6のドレインが接続されるとともに、この接点は電極2への出力点となる。
つぎに、図1および図2の図面を参照し、本実施の形態にかかる放電加工装置の動作について説明する。なお、以下に説明する内容は、仕上げ加工時における予備放電電源11の動作について説明するものである。
ここで、従来の放電加工装置における放電動作について、図6および図7の図面を参照して説明する。なお、図6は、上述した特許文献1に開示されている放電加工装置の構成を示す図であり、図7は、図6に示した放電加工装置を制御する場合のスイッチング信号波形の一例、ならびに、そのときの極間電圧波形および放電電流波形を示す図である。
つぎに、本実施の形態の放電加工装置にかかる3つの要点について説明する。まず、本実施の形態にかかる第1の要点は、スイッチング素子SW1のON-OFF動作の終了時、あるいはスイッチング素子SW2のON-OFF動作の終了時にそれぞれスイッチング素子SW3,SW4をONし、極間電圧を略0Vに戻す制御を行っていることにある(図2(a)~(d)を参照)。
(放電加工装置の構成)
図3は、本発明の実施の形態2にかかる放電加工装置の概略構成を示す図である。実施の形態1においては、電流制限抵抗をR1,R2を第1の電源111および第2の電源112にそれぞれ対応させ個別に設けるようにしているが、本実施の形態では、共用抵抗Rxとして共通化を図っている。共用抵抗Rxは、一端が電極2に接続され、電極2と第1の電源111とおよび第2の電源112の接続点とを結ぶ共通の電流経路上に挿入される。この構成により、第1の電源111およびや第2の電源112から電極間に流れ込む電流を制限できることはもとより、各スイッチング素子の異常動作に対する保護の働きも兼ねることができる。なお、実施の形態1と同一または同等の作用を生じさせるものに関しては同一の符号を付し、その説明を省略する。
つぎに、本実施の形態にかかる放電加工装置の動作について図3を参照して説明する。図3において、スイッチング素子SW1,SW3が同時ONとなるようなアーム短絡が発生した場合を考える。この場合、本実施の形態の構成によれば、第1の電源111→ダイオードD1→スイッチング素子SW1→ダイオードD5→スイッチング素子SW3→共用抵抗Rx→第1の電源111の経路で電流が流れる。このため、共用抵抗Rxにより電流を制限することができるので、スイッチング素子SW1,SW3の破壊を防ぐことができる。この作用は、スイッチング素子SW2,SW4に関しても同様である。
図4は、本発明の実施の形態3にかかる放電加工装置の概略構成を示す図である。実施の形態1においては、電流制限抵抗をR1,R2を第1の電源111および第2の電源112にそれぞれ対応させ個別に設けるようにしているが、本実施の形態では、共用抵抗Ryとして共通化を図っている。また、実施の形態2においては、共通化した共用抵抗Rxを第1の電源111と第2の電源112との接続点と、スイッチング素子SW3とダイオードD6との接続点との間に挿入していたが、本実施の形態では、共通化した共用抵抗Ryをスイッチング素子SW3とダイオードD6との接続点と、電極2との間に挿入するようにしている。なお、実施の形態1,2と同一または同等の作用を生じさせるものに関しては同一の符号を付し、その説明を省略する。
図5は、本発明の実施の形態4にかかる放電加工装置の動作を説明するための図であり、制御部8から出力されるスイッチング信号波形の一例および、そのときの極間電圧波形および極間電流波形を示す図である。なお、放電加工装置の構成については、実施の形態1と同一または同等であり、その説明は省略する。
つぎに、図1および図5の図面を参照し、本実施の形態にかかる放電加工装置の動作について説明する。なお、以下に説明する内容は、荒加工および中仕上げ加工時における予備放電電源11および主放電電源12の動作について説明するものである。
Claims (6)
- 加工用電極と被加工物との間に電圧パルスを印加し、該電圧パルスの極性を適宜切り替えて加工を行う放電加工装置において、
正極側が前記被加工物側に、負極側が前記加工用電極側となるように電気的に接続される第1の直流電源と、
前記第1の直流電源と前記被加工物および前記加工用電極との間を結ぶ電流経路上に挿入され、前記第1の直流電源に直列に接続される第1のスイッチと、
正極側が前記加工用電極側に、負極側が前記被加工物側となるように電気的に接続される第2の直流電源と、
前記第2の直流電源と前記加工用電極および前記被加工物との間を結ぶ電流経路上に挿入され、前記第2の直流電源に直列に接続される第2のスイッチと、
前記直列接続された第1の直流電源および第1のスイッチと、前記被加工物と前記加工用電極との間に電気的に並列に接続される第3のスイッチと、
前記直列接続された第2の直流電源および第2のスイッチと、前記被加工物と前記加工用電極との間に電気的に並列に接続される第4のスイッチと、
前記第1の直流電源から前記加工用電極および前記被加工物に対する電流経路上、ならびに前記第2の直流電源から前記加工用電極および前記被加工物に対する電流経路上に挿入される少なくとも一つの抵抗と、
放電加工に必要な加工情報に基づき、前記第1~第4のスイッチを制御するためのスイッチング信号を生成して出力する制御部と、
を備え、
前記制御部は、
前記第1のスイッチをONする期間を設けた場合には、当該期間内に前記第4のスイッチをON状態にする期間を設け、
前記第2のスイッチをONする期間を設けた場合には、当該期間内に前記第3のスイッチをON状態にする期間を設ける
ことを特徴とする放電加工装置。 - 加工用電極と被加工物との間に電圧パルスを印加し、該電圧パルスの極性を適宜切り替えて加工を行う放電加工装置において、
正極側が前記被加工物側に、負極側が前記加工用電極側となるように電気的に接続される第1の直流電源と、
前記第1の直流電源と前記被加工物および前記加工用電極との間を結ぶ電流経路上に挿入され、前記第1の直流電源に直列に接続される第1のスイッチと、
正極側が前記加工用電極側に、負極側が前記被加工物側となるように電気的に接続される第2の直流電源と、
前記第2の直流電源と前記加工用電極および前記被加工物との間を結ぶ電流経路上に挿入され、前記第2の直流電源に直列に接続される第2のスイッチと、
前記直列接続された第1の直流電源および第1のスイッチと、前記被加工物と前記加工用電極との間に電気的に並列に接続される第3のスイッチと、
前記直列接続された第2の直流電源および第2のスイッチと、前記被加工物と前記加工用電極との間に電気的に並列に接続される第4のスイッチと、
前記第1の直流電源から前記加工用電極および前記被加工物に対する電流経路上、ならびに前記第2の直流電源から前記加工用電極および前記被加工物に対する電流経路上に挿入される少なくとも一つの抵抗と、
放電加工に必要な加工情報に基づき、前記第1~第4のスイッチを制御するためのスイッチング信号を生成して出力する制御部と、
を備え、
前記制御部は、
前記第1のスイッチと前記第2のスイッチとの動作状態の切り替えにより、前記被加工物と前記加工用電極との間に印加される電圧パルスの極性を反転させる際には、極性反転の直前に前記第3のスイッチまたは前記第4のスイッチをONさせる期間を設けることを特徴とする放電加工装置。 - 加工用電極と被加工物との間に予備放電パルスを印加する予備放電電源回路と、前記加工用電極と前記被加工物との間に主放電パルスを印加する主放電電源回路と、前記予備放電電源回路および前記主放電電源回路に具備される各スイッチを制御するためのスイッチング信号を生成して出力する制御部と、を有し、前記予備放電パルスの極性およびタイミングと、前記主放電パルスのタイミングと、を適宜切り替えて加工を行う放電加工装置において、
前記予備放電電源回路は、
正極側が前記被加工物側に、負極側が前記加工用電極側となるように電気的に接続される第1の直流電源と、
前記第1の直流電源と前記被加工物および前記加工用電極との間を結ぶ電流経路上に挿入され、前記第1の直流電源に直列に接続される第1のスイッチと、
正極側が前記加工用電極側に、負極側が前記被加工物側となるように電気的に接続される第2の直流電源と、
前記第2の直流電源と前記加工用電極および前記被加工物との間を結ぶ電流経路上に挿入され、前記第2の直流電源に直列に接続される第2のスイッチと、
前記直列接続された第1の直流電源および第1のスイッチと、前記被加工物と前記加工用電極との間に電気的に並列に接続される第3のスイッチと、
前記直列接続された第2の直流電源および第2のスイッチと、前記被加工物と前記加工用電極との間に電気的に並列に接続される第4のスイッチと、
前記第1の直流電源から前記加工用電極および前記被加工物に対する電流経路上、ならびに前記第2の直流電源から前記加工用電極および前記被加工物に対する電流経路上に挿入される少なくとも一つの抵抗と、
を備え、
前記制御部は、
前記主放電パルスの印加後に、前記第3のスイッチまたは前記第4のスイッチをONさせる期間を設けることを特徴とする放電加工装置。 - 前記抵抗は、
一端が前記被加工物に接続され、前記第1の直流電源と前記被加工物とを結ぶ電流経路上に挿入される第1の抵抗と、
一端が前記被加工物に接続され、前記第2の直流電源と前記被加工物とを結ぶ電流経路上に挿入される第2の抵抗と、
から構成されることを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の放電加工装置。 - 前記抵抗は、一端が前記加工用電極に接続され、該加工用電極と前記第1の直流電源および前記第2の直流電源の接続点とを結ぶ、前記第1の直流電源および前記第2の直流電源の共通の電流経路上に挿入される共用抵抗であることを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の放電加工装置。
- 前記抵抗は、一端が前記被加工物に接続され、前記第1の直流電源および前記第2の直流電源のそれぞれと前記被加工物とを結ぶ共通の電流経路上に挿入される共用抵抗であることを特徴とする請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の放電加工装置。
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| US12/865,068 US8350177B2 (en) | 2008-01-31 | 2008-01-31 | Electric discharge machining device that applies a voltage pulse between a processing electrode and a workpiece |
| CN2008801260259A CN101932403B (zh) | 2008-01-31 | 2008-01-31 | 放电加工装置 |
| PCT/JP2008/051553 WO2009096026A1 (ja) | 2008-01-31 | 2008-01-31 | 放電加工装置 |
| JP2009551376A JP5264788B2 (ja) | 2008-01-31 | 2008-01-31 | 放電加工装置 |
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| JP5409964B1 (ja) * | 2012-10-30 | 2014-02-05 | 三菱電機株式会社 | ワイヤ放電加工装置 |
| WO2014162822A1 (ja) * | 2013-04-04 | 2014-10-09 | 西部電機株式会社 | 放電加工装置、放電加工方法及び設計方法 |
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| CN103596717B (zh) * | 2011-06-06 | 2016-11-02 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 高频电源装置 |
| ES2569661T3 (es) * | 2011-12-30 | 2016-05-12 | Agie Charmilles Sa | Método y aparato de mecanización por descarga eléctrica |
| CN104781029B (zh) * | 2012-10-31 | 2016-07-06 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 放电加工装置 |
| JP5689499B2 (ja) * | 2013-05-17 | 2015-03-25 | ファナック株式会社 | 防錆機能を有するワイヤ放電加工機 |
| JP6514163B2 (ja) * | 2016-09-01 | 2019-05-15 | ファナック株式会社 | ワイヤ放電加工機 |
| JP6360212B1 (ja) * | 2017-01-31 | 2018-07-18 | ファナック株式会社 | ワイヤ放電加工機 |
| CN107803563B (zh) * | 2017-12-04 | 2023-12-22 | 北京弘融电子科技有限公司 | 电火花脉冲电源回路 |
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| JP5409964B1 (ja) * | 2012-10-30 | 2014-02-05 | 三菱電機株式会社 | ワイヤ放電加工装置 |
| WO2014068684A1 (ja) * | 2012-10-30 | 2014-05-08 | 三菱電機株式会社 | ワイヤ放電加工装置 |
| US9446465B2 (en) | 2012-10-30 | 2016-09-20 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Wire electric-discharge machining apparatus |
| WO2014162822A1 (ja) * | 2013-04-04 | 2014-10-09 | 西部電機株式会社 | 放電加工装置、放電加工方法及び設計方法 |
| CN105246632A (zh) * | 2013-04-04 | 2016-01-13 | 西部电机株式会社 | 电火花加工装置、电火花加工方法以及设计方法 |
| US10512979B2 (en) | 2013-04-04 | 2019-12-24 | Seibu Electric & Machinery Co., Ltd. | Electrical discharge machining device, electrical discharge machining method, and design method |
| US11407050B2 (en) | 2013-04-04 | 2022-08-09 | Seibu Electric & Machinery Co., Ltd. | Electrical discharge machining device, electrical discharge machining method, and design method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE112008003658T5 (de) | 2010-12-30 |
| JP5264788B2 (ja) | 2013-08-14 |
| DE112008003658B4 (de) | 2015-12-10 |
| JPWO2009096026A1 (ja) | 2011-05-26 |
| CN101932403A (zh) | 2010-12-29 |
| CN101932403B (zh) | 2012-02-08 |
| US8350177B2 (en) | 2013-01-08 |
| US20100308017A1 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
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