WO2009090228A1 - Parts made of high-strength, ductile cast steel having a high manganese content, method for the production thereof, and use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to parts made of high-strength, ductile cast steel that has a high manganese content and contains, in percent by weight, 4 to 30 percent of manganese, 0.01 to 4 percent of aluminum, 0 to 4 percent of silicon, 0.005 to 0.5 percent of nitrogen, 0.01 to 0.6 percent of carbon, 0 to 2 percent of niobium, 0 to 1 percent of tantalum, 0 to 3 percent of titanium, and 0 to 1 percent of vanadium, the rest consisting of iron and steel-making-related impurities. The part has a TRIP or TWIP effect when subjected to stress. The invention further relates to methods for producing said parts and the use thereof as a cast part in plant engineering and refrigeration technology, for installations and parts used for transporting, recovering, liquefying, and fractionating gases, and as cast parts for making vehicles and aircraft, especially for parts stressed in case of a crash and energy absorbing parts.

Description

 Components made of high-manganese, solid and tough cast steel, processes for their production and their use

The invention relates to components made of high manganese, solid and tough cast steel, to processes for their production and their use as a cast component in plant and refrigeration technology, for equipment and components for transport, extraction and liquefaction and fractionation of gases and as cast components in the vehicle and aircraft construction, especially for crash-stressed components.

In the case of metallic materials, a distinction is made in the technology between so-called kneading and casting alloys. Wrought alloys are characterized by the fact that they can be formed well at elevated temperatures and at room temperature with various methods usually well. Through a casting in special casting plants, which usually takes place continuously for several melting units (each of which can be up to several hundred tons), s. G. Slabs, billets and blooms and cast strip, as described in the patent applications DE 102 59 230 Al, DE 10 2004 061 284 Al, which are then hot and then cold formed. The cast material is due to the structure (cast structure) and the resulting material properties as well as the geometric dimensions not suitable for the production of finished parts. Due to the forming processes, the cast structure is destroyed and targeted a utility structure is set, which has special mechanical properties. This procedure is the prerequisite for the production of finished parts with desired properties, such. B. body panels for automobiles, which are made of thin sheets. The research and education in this industry is covered by engineering education in metallurgy / metallurgy and forming technology and the engineers are organized in industry-specific professional associations.

Another industrial sector is foundry technology. In this industry, castings are produced in the form of castings, which are used as finished parts without any forming processes in the cast state. An example are housings of gearboxes or pumps. Heat treatment and machining of the mating surfaces may be performed on such molded castings if necessary. The structure Such finished molded castings is a cast / solidification structure, which, even with the same chemical composition, generally has worse mechanical properties than a structure set by forming processes. The research and education in this industry are covered by engineering education in the field of foundry technology and the engineers are organized in the specialist association of foundry professionals. Due to the highly specialized training, there is almost no staff exchange between these industries. Both engineering and scientific reports are published in various, subject-specific journals and presented at specialist conferences, so that the specialist engineer from one industry is generally unfamiliar with developments in the other sector.

High-manganese steels with manganese are known as the main alloying element, undergoing transformation in the manufacturing process and having metastable austenite and hence special mechanical properties in the structure formed thereby. These properties are significantly influenced by a TRIP or TWIP effect. The transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) effect induces strain-induced martensite formation when the steels are exposed to external stress. In TWIP (twinning induced plasticity), on the other hand, strain-induced twinning occurs under external stress. Both effects cause a simultaneous increase in tensile strength and elongation at break, but also in impact energy. In addition, the cold working and energy absorbing capabilities of the steels are improved.

The triggering of a TRIP or a TWIP effect requires an austenite with a corresponding austenite stability as well as a specific defect structure. The austenite stability is determined by the chemical composition of the austenite. The defect structure of austenite is also influenced by hot and cold forming. The defect structure has a significant influence on the nucleation conditions for the martensitic phases, which are preferably caused by stacking faults. Austenite stacking energy determines which deformation processes occur in austenite during external stress (shear band, twin, martensite formation). It decides whether a TRIP or a TWIP effect is triggered in wrought alloys. In addition, a cold forming must be done, which causes the triggering of the two effects. For this reason, the TRIP and the TWIP effect have so far been proven exclusively in wrought alloys or on formed material and used technically.

Hot or cold rolled semi-finished products serve as starting material for cold-formed parts. The TRIP and TWIP effect in austenitic non-ferrous alloys is controlled by the chemical composition of the austenite and the forming conditions. The higher the amount of strain-induced martensite or the number of strain twins, the higher the increase in tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact energy.

In the patent EP 0 889 144 Al, DE 197 27 759 Al a high manganese austenitic lightweight steel with TRIP or TWIP effect is described, which is characterized by a good cold workability and therefore for cold formed parts, such as body panels, stiffening structural components, Cryogenbehälter and Tubes is used.

The TRIP or TWIP effect in austenitic steels containing high manganese can be described and influenced by the austenite stability and especially by the amount of austenite stacking energy. The austenite stability and austenite stacking energy are dependent on austenite chemical composition and temperature. If the stacking energy of austenite is relatively high, the TWIP effect dominates. Such steels tend to form α'-martensite. At low stacking fault energy levels, on the other hand, the TRIP effect is favored. These steels are prone to preferential ε-martensite formation.

The influence of the austenite strength on the TRIP or TWIP effect has not yet been systematically investigated. There is therefore a lack of information about the influence of the different hardening mechanisms on the TRIP or TWIP effect in steels. This involves solid solution strengthening, or precipitation and particle solidification, or secondary phase consolidation or grain refining or the like. Only in the patent DE 10 2005 024 029 B3 the effect of AlN precipitation on the increase in strength of austenite is described. It will be the positive effect of AlN precipitates on the TRIP or TWIP effect. It leads to an improvement of the mechanical properties and is used technically. The patent DE 10 2005 030 413 B3 additionally emphasizes the influence of a martensitic second phase in the austenitic basic structure. Here, too, it can be seen that an increase in strength of the steel leads to an increased TRIP or TWIP effect and can be used technically.

In austenitic wrought alloys, for example, the deformation-induced martensite content and thus the TRIP effect are deliberately adjusted by the variation of the cold forming conditions in order to obtain a specific cold workability or a corresponding property profile. Such a procedure is technically not given for austenitic cast steel.

In cast-steel alloys, the TRIP and TWIP effect has so far been neglected because these steels are not reshaped and consequently the TRIP and TWIP effects are not triggered. So far, no results have been obtained on deformation-induced martensite formations or on twins in austenitic high manganese cast structures.

The influence of a dendritic cast structure and the effect of segregation on the TRIP or TWIP effect have not been analyzed. From this it can be concluded that cast steel alloys have different defect structures in austenite than non-ferrous alloys. In addition, assuming the same chemical composition of the austenite in Rnet and cast alloys due to the segregation in cast alloys, a more uneven distribution of the elements in austenite is present. This must have an effect on the TRIP effect. For this reason, the TRIP effect is different in wrought and cast alloys of the same chemical composition. These differences are not known yet and have not been analyzed.

A disadvantage of the prior art is the non-use of known from high-alloy austenitic Rnetlegierungen TRIP or TWIP effect for steel casting and the non-use of the variety of strength-enhancing options that affect the TRIP or the TWIP effect and what to improve the properties of cast steel components.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide components made of a high strength and tough cast steel with a TRIP or TWIP effect with a wide range of applications.

According to the invention the object is achieved by components of high manganese solid and ductile cast steel with a composition in mass percent

Manganese content of 4 to 30%,

- aluminum content of 0.01 to 4%,

- silicon content from 0 to 4%,

Nitrogen content of 0.005 to 0.5%,

- carbon content of 0.01 to 0.6%,

Niobium content from 0 to 2%,

Tantalum content from 0 to 1%,

Titanium content from 0 to 3% and

Vanadium content of 0 to 1%, the remainder being iron and accompanying elements which are caused by melting, and wherein the component exhibits a TRIP or TWIP effect under load, such that a phase transformation occurs in the event of deformation or destruction of the component in such a way that the Rpo2 yield strength exceeds 180 MPa, the tensile strength increases to 550 to 1100 MPa, the elongation at break increases to more than 30%, and the impact energy increases to greater than 125 J.

Surprisingly, it was found that deformation-induced martensite formation at room temperature and low temperatures in the tensile test is triggered in the cast steel alloys or cast components according to the invention. This martensite formation causes the TRIP effect. In addition, deformation twins are formed, which trigger the TWIP effect. As a result of the TRIP and TWIP effect, the tensile strength and elongation at break are increased and the impact energy is increased.

Steel cast components must withstand external stresses under conditions of use. They must not break, if they z. B. exposed to a shock or crash stress become. The triggering of a TRIP or a TWIP effect under conditions of use prevents or impedes the formation of cracks. The casting material according to the invention or the cast components according to the invention can absorb higher stresses without breaking or thinner cross-sections can be used for given stresses. Thus, the condition for the production of thin-walled, low-cost, weight-saving cast components is created.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the component according to the invention comprises a cast steel with a composition

Manganese content of 10 to 25%,

Aluminum content from 0.05 to 1%,

- silicon content from 0 to 1%,

Nitrogen content from 0.05 to 0.2%,

- carbon content of 0.05 to 0.2%,

Niobium content from 0 to 2%,

Tantalum content from 0 to 1%,

Titanium content from 0 to 3% and

Vanadium content from 0 to 1%,

Remainder of iron and melting-related accompanying elements.

In particular, with the chemical composition in mass percent manganese content of 15 to 20%, aluminum content of 0.05 to 0.1%, silicon content of 0 to 0.5%,

- Nitrogen content from 0.05 to 0, 1%

- Carbon content from 0.05 to 0.1%

Niobium content from 0 to 2%,

Tantalum content from 0 to 1%,

Titanium content from 0 to 3% and

Vanadium content from 0 to 1%,

The remainder of iron as well as melting-related accompanying elements are achieved particularly favorable mechanical properties of the components according to the invention. Thus, thin-walled components with a wall thickness <2 mm can be produced and achieve a weight reduction compared to conventional cast components.

Melting accompanying elements are z. B. S, P, O and Cr but also impurities. These are due to the process and are not specifically added to the cast steel according to the invention.

The components according to the invention can be produced by melting the alloy, casting it into a finished casting mold and removing it from the mold. A separate aftertreatment except for a usual surface treatment or deburring is basically not required. For certain applications, a heat treatment, for. As a solution annealing at 920 to 1080 ° C / lh / H ₂ O advantageous.

The advantages of the components according to the invention of high-manganese solid and ductile cast steel are the increase in tensile strength, elongation at break and impact energy. This means that the increased TRIP or TWIP effect makes the cast steel more viscous and stronger at the same time. He can thus absorb greater forces under load and deform more, without breaking. The scope of the TRIP and TWIP Stahlformgusslegierungsbauteile invention is thereby extended.

Above all, the resulting lightweight construction saves energy and material costs. For the cast steel according to the invention or the components according to the invention, tensile strengths of more than 550 MPa, elongations at break of more than 30% and notched impact work of more than 125 J are achieved. In this way cast parts can be equipped with a type of crash reserve from the cast steel casting according to the invention. This means that the cast steel mold is cast and integrated into an application without being subjected to a tensile load. However, if it comes to a crash or a high load, the component due to the potential, the TRIP -bzw. TWIP effect show high tensile and elongation at break and behave tough.

Compared with wrought alloys, the casting material according to the invention or the components according to the invention have a decisive advantage. Their embrittlement is degraded. In the high-manganese steel casting according to the invention or in the components according to the invention, an austenitic or austenitic-martensitic finely dispersed microstructure is present at room temperature. Due to the TRIP or TWIP effect induced in the tensile test, tensile strengths of more than 550 MPa, elongations at break of more than 30% and an impact energy of more than 125 J are achieved.

At room temperature and below room temperature, the cast steel material according to the invention or the components according to the invention behave tough despite increased strength values. The cast steel of the invention or the components according to the invention have an energy absorption capacity at room temperature greater than about 0.37 J / mm ³ .

In particular, the high manganese steel casting according to the invention or the components according to the invention exhibit a TRIP or a TWIP effect under load. Due to the TRIP and TWIP effect, which is triggered during the tensile stress in the cast steel of the invention or the components according to the invention at room temperature and low temperatures, the mechanical properties improve. Thus, the tensile strength reaches values of more than 550 MPa, the elongation at break of more than 30% and the impact energy of more than 125 J. At room temperature and low temperatures, the steel casting material behaves particularly tough despite increased strength values. In addition, the cast steel of the invention or the components according to the invention have a high energy absorption capacity at room temperature and low temperatures. The energy absorption capacity at room temperature for these alloys is between about 0.30-0.40 J / mm ³ . This means that at a sudden stress, such. As in the event of a crash, the steel casting is solidified and deformed at the same time, without breaking. Therefore, the cast steel components according to the invention are particularly suitable for thin-walled and crash-stressed components in the automotive industry. It is surprising that the strength and toughness properties of the cast components according to the invention correspond to comparable wrought alloys with TRIP / TWIP effect. The strength and toughness properties of the cast components are only about 10% lower than the strength and toughness properties of comparable formed semi-finished products. For the formation of deformation-induced martensite and thus a TRIP effect, a metastable Austenitzustand is set in the structure of the invention in the cast steel casting. As a result, the austenite has a tendency to form deformation-induced martensite at room temperature and at low temperatures.

Manganese is added to the cast steel according to the invention in order to form austenite at high temperatures, which remains completely or partially preserved after cooling to room temperature. Under load, this metastable austenite converts into ε- or α'-martensite, and / or deformation twins are formed in the austenite. Manganese influences the plastic deformation processes in a pressure or tensile load via the austenite stacking energy.

Carbon and nitrogen are also used for austenite formation. With increasing content of carbon and nitrogen dissolved in austenite, the austenite stability increases against the formation of martensitic phases, and the austenite becomes more solid due to solid solution strengthening.

Carbon and nitrogen are also used to form carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides. For this purpose, alloying elements having a high affinity to carbon and nitrogen, such as Ti, Nb, Ta, V and Al are added to the steel. The forming carbides and nitrides inhibit the formation of coarse austenite since carbides and nitrides inhibit the movement of interfaces. They have a positive effect on the strength and toughness properties of the cast steel.

Preferably, the cast steel alloy according to the present invention has a content by mass percentage of Nb 0.05-2%, Ta 0.01-1%, Ti 0.01-3% and V 0.01-1%. A content in percent by weight of Nb is preferably between 0.1 and 1%, on Ta between 0.05 and 0.5%, on Ti between 0.1 and 1% and on V between 0.05 and 0.5%. Particularly preferred is a content of Nb and Ti of 0.1 to 0.5%.

Particularly effective is aluminum, which is precipitated as aluminum nitride. The contents of these carbide- and nitride-forming alloying elements according to the invention can be used to target the TRIP or TWIP effect via the solution or precipitation state to be influenced. In addition, as a result of the state of precipitation both grain refining and solidification of the austenite is achieved. By finely dispersed precipitates in fine-grained austenite, the profile of the steel mold casting with respect to its strength and toughness properties is further improved.

Silicon and aluminum are cost-effective alloying elements with which the stacking fault energy of austenite is specifically influenced according to the invention. By means of these elements it is possible to favor the TRIP and the TWIP effect in high manganese steel castings.

The cast steel alloy according to the invention preferably has a content in mass percentage of Si of 0.1-2.0%. A content of Si is preferably between 0.5 to 1.7%, more preferably a content between 1.0 and 1.5%.

Falling proportions of alloying elements are used according to the invention in order to produce not only austenitic cast steel alloys but also cast steel alloys with an austenitic-martensitic starting structure.

The invention also includes components in which the cast steel according to the invention consists of cast steel foam and which can be produced in a known manner.

The method according to the invention for producing a component from a steel casting with TRIP or TWIP effect comprises the following steps:

a) melting an alloy with a composition in mass percent

Manganese content of 4 to 30%,

- aluminum content of 0.01 to 4%,

- silicon content from 0 to 4%,

Nitrogen content of 0.005 to 0.5%,

- carbon content of 0.01 to 0.6%,

Niobium content from 0 to 2%,

- Tantalum content from 0 to 1%

Titanium content from 0 to 3% and one Vanadium content from 0 to 1% and

Remainder of iron as well as accompanying elements caused by melting,

b) casting the cast steel into a mold,

c) demolding and, if necessary, machining while maintaining the cast structure.

According to the demolding takes place without the implementation of a chipless forming process. In the context of this invention, non-cutting or non-cutting forming processes are all forming processes which change the geometry of the cast steel part and which would trigger a TRIP process in the cast steel due to the mechanical action. These forming processes, such as rolling, forging, pressing, etc. are not carried out, so that the steel casting after use in the application still has the potential to develop the TRIP effect and thus in the case of a load situation, a reserve in terms of tensile strength and Has elongation at break. In contrast, for example, machining of the steel mold casting, which do not trigger a TRIP effect, can be performed.

The cast components can be subjected to a heat treatment with the aim of improving the strength and toughness in a further step, according to an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention. An advantageous heat treatment process is solution heat treatment. The steel casting before or / and after the manufacture of the components of about ¹ hour annealing at 920 to 1080 ⁰ CZIbVH ₂ O subjected before following a water, oil or air cooling takes place.

Preferably, an alloy with the composition in mass percent - manganese content of 10 to 25%,

Aluminum content from 0.05 to 1%,

- silicon content from 0 to 1%,

Nitrogen content from 0.05 to 0.2%,

- carbon content of 0.05 to 0.2%,

Niobium content from 0 to 2%, Tantalum content from 0 to 1%,

Titanium content from 0 to 3% and

Vanadium content from 0 to 1%,

The remainder of iron as well as melting-related accompanying elements melted.

In particular, with the melting of an alloy with the chemical composition in percent by mass

Manganese content of 15 to 20%,

Aluminum content from 0.05 to 0.1%, silicon content from 0 to 0.5%,

- Nitrogen content from 0.05 to 0, 1%

- Carbon content from 0.05 to 0.1%

Niobium content from 0 to 2%,

Tantalum content from 0 to 1%,

Titanium content from 0 to 3% and

Vanadium content from 0 to 1%,

The remainder of the iron and accompanying elements caused by melting achieve particularly favorable mechanical properties of the components according to the invention.

Preferably, the cast steel alloy of the present invention is melted to have a content in mass percentage of Si between 0.1-2.0%, Nb 0.05-2%, Ta 0.01-1%, Ti 0.01-3% and V has 0.01-1%. Preferably, a content in mass percent of Si is between 0.5 to 1.7%, at Nb between 0.1 and 1%, at Ta between 0.05 and 0.5%, at Ti between 0.1 and 1% and at V between 0.05 and 0.5%. Particularly preferred is a content of Si between 1.0 to 1.5%. Furthermore, a content of Nb and Ti of 0.1 to 0.5% each is particularly preferable.

Melting accompanying elements, such. B. S, P, O and Cr or impurities are due to the process and are not specifically added to the erfmdungsgemäßen steel mold.

The components produced by the process according to the invention exhibit under load a TRIP or TWIP effect, so that in a deformation or destruction of the component, a phase transformation occurs in such a way that the tensile strength to 550 to 1100 MPa, the elongation at break to more than 30% and the impact energy to greater than 125 J. increases.

In particular, the inventive steel mold casting as a casting material in plant and refrigeration, for machine components, fittings, housings, covers, brackets u. Ä., In vehicle and aircraft, for crash-stressed parts, such. As crash boxes in motor vehicles and for components that are exposed to low temperatures, and / or used for foamed components made of cast steel foam.

The components of the invention are characterized by excellent strength and toughness combined with high energy absorption capacity and are particularly suitable for crash-stressed components and stiffening structural components, chassis components, wear and strength components.

The invention therefore also includes energy absorption components made of cast steel according to the invention. With the same space, these allow higher energy intake.

The energy absorption components according to the invention are suitable, for example, as bumper carriers, as frame parts (eg sills) or the like in vehicles, for example in motor vehicles for absorbing kinetic energy in the event of an impact, for example as a result of an accident. They have a high deformability while ensuring a sufficient static strength.

Reference to exemplary embodiments, the invention is explained in detail.

Embodiment 1

Making a B-pillar steel casting

An alloy of the following composition in mass percent is melted:

Manganese content 17%,

- aluminum content 0,05%, - silicon content 0.5%,

- Nitrogen content 0.2% and

- Carbon content is 0.05%.

- Remainder of iron and melting-related accompanying elements

The molten steel alloy is poured into a mold of a B pillar of a vehicle. After cooling, the B-pillar steel casting is demolded, deburred and optionally surface-treated.

The thin-walled B-pillar cast steel part has at room temperature a tensile strength of 820 MPa, an elongation at break of 46% and an impact strength of 150 J.

Embodiment 2

Making a gear housing part

In an induction furnace, an alloy having the chemical composition Mn = 22.5%, Al = 0.52%, Si = 1.82%, C = 0.15%, N = 0.22%, Nb = 0.81 % molten and poured into a finished finished casting mold for a transmission housing part. After solidification and cooling, the thin-walled gear housing part was subjected to a heat treatment (1000 ° C / lh / air), then demoulded, deburred and reworked the casting surface locally.

Embodiment 3

Manufacture of a pump housing part

In an induction furnace, an alloy having the chemical composition Mn = 25.20%, Al = 1.62%, Si = 2.30%, C = 0.11% was melted and poured into a finished finished casting mold for a pump housing part , After solidification and cooling, the pump housing was demoulded and deburred, thus producing a thin-walled pump housing part. A heat treatment is not required.

Both the B-pillar and the two housings have been shown to make components Alloys in the claimed composition have an excellent combination of flow and strength properties and the production of thin-walled components with wall thicknesses of less than 2 mm is outstandingly possible. Thus, components that were previously made of a cast starting material by a hot and cold forming can be largely replaced. In addition, especially expensive chromium-nickel and chromium-manganese-nickel steels can be substituted.

Claims

claims 1. Component of high manganese solid and ductile cast steel with a composition in mass percent Manganese content of 4 to 30%, - aluminum content of 0.01 to 4%, - silicon content from 0 to 4%, Nitrogen content of 0.005 to 0.5%, - carbon content of 0.01 to 0.6%, Niobium content from 0 to 2%, Tantalum content from 0 to 1%, Titanium content from 0 to 3% and Vanadium content from 0 to 1%, The remainder of iron and accompanying elements caused by melting, wherein the component has a TRIP or TWIP effect under load, so that upon deformation or destruction of the component a phase transformation occurs in such a way that the tensile strength on 550 to 1100 MPa, the elongation at break on more than 30% and the impact energy increases to more than 125 J 2. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that the manganese content is 10 to 25%, the aluminum content is 0.05 to 1%, - the silicon content 0 to 1%, the nitrogen content is 0.05 to 0.2%, - The carbon content is 0.05 to 0.2%. 3. Component according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the manganese content is 15 to 20%, the aluminum content is 0.05 to 0.1%, - the silicon content 0 to 0.5%, the nitrogen content is 0.05 to 0.1%, - The carbon content is 0.05 to 0.1%. 4. Component according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cast steel is a cast steel foam. 5. Method for producing a component from a cast steel alloy with TRIP or TWIP effect with the following steps: a) melting an alloy with a composition in mass percent Manganese content of 4 to 30%, - aluminum content of 0.01 to 4%, - silicon content from 0 to 4%, Nitrogen content of 0.005 to 0.5%, - carbon content of 0.01 to 0.6%, Niobium content from 0 to 2%, - Tantalum content from 0 to 1% Titanium content from 0 to 3% and one Vanadium content from 0 to 1% and Remainder of iron and melting-related accompanying elements, b) Casting the cast steel into a mold c) demolding and, if necessary, machining while maintaining the cast structure. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the cast component is subjected to a heat treatment. 7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the alloy is a Manganese content of 10 to 25%, Aluminum content from 0.05 to 1%, - silicon content from 0 to 1%, Nitrogen content from 0.05 to 0.2%, - has carbon content of 0.05 to 0.2%. 8. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the alloy has a Manganese content of 15 to 20%, Aluminum content from 0.05 to 0.1%, - silicon content from 0 to 0.5%, Nitrogen content from 0.05 to 0.1%, - has carbon content of 0.05 to 0.1%. 9. A component, produced by a method according to one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the component under load has a TRIP or TWIP effect, so that when a deformation or destruction of the component, a phase transformation occurs in such a way in that the tensile strength increases to 550 to 1100 MPa, the elongation at break to more than 30% and the impact energy to greater than 125 J. 10. Use of a component according to one of claims 1 to 9 in plant and refrigeration technology. 11. Use of a component according to one of claims 1 to 9 as a cast component for plants and components for transport, for the production of gases and for liquefying and fractionating gases. 12. Use of a component according to one of claims 1 to 9 in vehicle and aircraft construction. 13. Use of a component according to one of claims 1 to 9 as a cast component for crash-stressed parts or as an energy absorption component 14. Use of a component according to one of claims 1 to 9 in the low temperature range.