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WO2009060012A2 - Compositions de phytoprotection comprenant un microorganisme utile et un pesticide - Google Patents

Compositions de phytoprotection comprenant un microorganisme utile et un pesticide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009060012A2
WO2009060012A2 PCT/EP2008/065028 EP2008065028W WO2009060012A2 WO 2009060012 A2 WO2009060012 A2 WO 2009060012A2 EP 2008065028 W EP2008065028 W EP 2008065028W WO 2009060012 A2 WO2009060012 A2 WO 2009060012A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ustilago
plant
tilletia
plant health
pyrenophora
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PCT/EP2008/065028
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WO2009060012A3 (fr
Inventor
Dirk Voeste
Lutz Brahm
Mathijs Wuts
Egon Haden
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/20—Bacteria; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • Plant health compositions comprising a beneficial microorganism and a pesticide
  • the present invention relates to plant health compositions comprising, as active components, at least one viable microorganism having plant health activity and at least one chemical compound having plant health and/or crop protection activity; methods for controlling phytopathogenic harmful pests and methods for improving plant health by applying such plant health compositions; plant health formulations prepared from said compositions; kits comprising said plant health compositions as well as plant seeds treated with such compositions or formulations.
  • the present inventors were looking for new solutions of the above problem.
  • plant health composition comprising the following components: 1 ) at least one viable microorganism (I) having plant health activity, and 2) at least one chemical compound (II) having plant health activity and/or crop protection activity.
  • compositions of the components 1 ) and 2) allow a more significant improvement of plant health than is possible with the microbial strains (I) on the one hand and with the individual compounds (II) on the other hand alone (synergistic combinations).
  • Component 1 embraces not only the isolated, pure cultures of a microbial strain, but also their suspensions in a whole broth culture or a metabolite-containing supernatant or a purified metabolite obtained from a whole broth culture of the strain.
  • Whole broth culture refers to a liquid culture containing both cells and media.
  • Supernatant refers to the liquid broth remaining when cells grown in broth are removed by centrifugation, filtration, sedimentation, or other means well known in the art.
  • metabolite refers to any compound, substance or byproduct of a fermentation or a microorganism that has plant health activity.
  • Propagules of a plant are all types of plant propagation material. The term embraces seeds, grains, fruit, tubers, rhizomes, spores, cuttings, offshoots, meristem tissues, single and multiple plant cells and any other plant tissue from which a complete plant can be obtained. One particular propagule is seed.
  • Locus means soil, area, material or environment where the plant is growing or intended to grow.
  • Plant embraces individual plants or plant varieties of any type of plants, in particular agricultural, silvicultural and ornamental plant.
  • Pests comprise in particular herbs, fungi, nematodes, molluscs, bacteria, viruses or insects harmful to a plant.
  • Pesticides comprise herbicides, fungicides, nematicides, molluscicides, bactericides and insecticides.
  • Plant health is intended to mean a condition of the plant, which is determined by several aspects alone or in combination with each other.
  • One indicator for the condition of the plant is the “crop yield ".
  • Crop” and “fruit” are to be understood as any plant product which is further utilized after harvesting, e.g. fruits in the proper sense, vegetables, nuts, grains, seeds, wood (e.g. in the case of silviculture plants), flowers (e.g. in the case of gardening plants, ornamentals) etc., that is anything of economic value that is produced by the plant.
  • Another indicator for the condition of the plant is the "plant vig- our”. The plant vigour becomes manifest in several aspects, too, some of which are visual appearance, e.g.
  • leaf colour, fruit colour and aspect amount of dead basal leaves and/or extent of leaf blades, plant weight, plant height, extent of plant verse (lodging), number, strongness and productivity of tillers, panicles' length, extent of root system, strongness of roots, extent of nodulation, in particular of rhizobial nodulation, point of time of germination, emergence, flowering, grain maturity and/or senescence, protein content, sugar content and the like.
  • Another indicator for the condition of the plant is the plant's "tolerance or resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors".
  • Crop protection is intended to mean a control effect, as for example the prevention, reduction or elimination of at least one crop disease, fungus or other pest.
  • a chemical compound having crop protection activity thus may prevent the onset and/or spread of at least one fungus or other pest at, on or in at least one crop, which otherwise might cause serious damage to the crop resulting, for example, in a loss of yield.
  • a substance or microorganism having "plant health activity” has a beneficial, advantageous effect on at least one of the above indicators.
  • Biotic and abiotic stress can have harmful effects on plants.
  • Biotic stress is caused by living organisms, such as pests (e.g. insects, arach- nides, nematodes etc.), competing plants (for example weeds), phythopathogenic fungi and other microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses.
  • Abiotic stress is caused for example by extremes in temperature such as heat or cold or strong variations in temperature or temperatures unusual for the specific season, drought, extreme wetness, high salinity, radiation (e.g. increased UV radiation due to the decreasing ozone protec- tive layer), increased ozone levels and organic pollution (e.g. by phythotoxic amounts of pesticides) or inorganic pollution (e.g.
  • the three above indicators for the health condition of a plant may be interdependent and may result from each other.
  • an increased resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress may lead to a better plant vigour, e.g. to better and bigger crops, and thus to an increased yield.
  • a more developed root system may result in an increased resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress.
  • these inter- dependencies and interactions are neither all known nor fully understood and therefore the different indicators will be described separately.
  • "increased yield" of a plant, in particular of an agri- cultural, silvicultural and/or ornamental plant means that the yield of a product of the respective plant is increased by a measurable amount over the yield of the same product of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the composition of the invention. According to the present invention, it is preferred that the yield be increased by at least 0,5 %, more preferred at least 1 %, even more preferred at least 2 %, still more preferred at least 4 %.
  • improved plant vigour means that certain crop characteristics are increased or improved by a measurable or noticeable amount over the same factor of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the appli- cation of the composition of the present invention.
  • Improved plant vigour can be characterized, among others, by following improved properties of the plant:
  • the improvement of the plant vigor according to the present invention particularly means that the improvement of any one or several or all of the above mentioned plant characteristics are improved independently of the pesticidal action of the composition or active ingredients.
  • "enhanced plant's tolerance or resistance to biotic and/or abiotic stress factors” means (1 ) that certain negative factors caused by biotic and/or abiotic stress are diminished in a measurable or noticeable amount as com- pared to plants exposed to the same conditions, but without being treated with the composition of the invention and/or (2) that the negative effects are not diminished by a direct action of the composition on the stress factors, e.g. by its fungicidal or insecti- cidal action which directly destroys the microorganisms or pests, but rather by a stimulation of the plants' own defensive reactions against said stress factors.
  • Negative factors caused by biotic stress such as pathogens and pests are widely known and range from dotted leaves to total destruction of the plant.
  • Negative factors caused by abiotic stress are also well-known and can often be ob- served as reduced plant vigour (see above), e.g. dotted leaves, "burned leaves", reduced growth, less flowers, less biomass, less crop yields, reduced nutritional value of the crops, later crop maturity, to give just a few examples.
  • the tolerance of and/or resistance against biotic stress fac- tors may be enhanced.
  • the inventive compositions may be used for stimulating the natural defensive reactions of a plant against a pathogen and/or a pest.
  • the plant can be protected against unwanted microorganisms such as phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria or viruses and/or against pests such as insects, arachnids and nematodes, and it has been found that the inventive compositions result in plant strengthen- ing effects. Therefore, they are useful for mobilizing the plant's defense mechanisms against the attack of unwanted microorganisms and/or pests. Consequently, the plant becomes tolerant or even resistant towards these microorganisms and/or pests.
  • Unwanted microorganisms in this context are phytopathogenic fungi and/or bacteria and/or viruses.
  • Unwanted pests are insects and/or arachnids and/or nematodes.
  • the inventive compositions may be used for stimulating the natural defensive reactions of a plant against microorganisms as for example against phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria and/or viruses, wherein the treated plant may develop increased defense mechanism against one of these pathogens or against two, three or all of these pathogens.
  • the tolerance of and/or resistance against abiotic stress factors may be enhanced.
  • inventive compositions may be used for stimulating a plant's own defensive reactions against abiotic stress such as extremes in temperature, e.g. heat or cold or strong variations in temperature or temperatures unusual for the specific season, drought, extreme wetness, high salinity, radiation (e.g. in- creased UV radiation due to the decreasing ozone protective layer), increased ozone levels, organic pollution (e.g. by phythotoxic amounts of pesticides) and/or inorganic pollution (e.g. by heavy metal contaminants).
  • extremes in temperature e.g. heat or cold or strong variations in temperature or temperatures unusual for the specific season, drought, extreme wetness, high salinity, radiation (e.g. in- creased UV radiation due to the decreasing ozone protective layer), increased ozone levels, organic pollution (e.g. by phythotoxic amounts of pesticides) and/or inorganic pollution (e.g. by heavy metal contaminants).
  • Porate comprises material present in the form of particles of any, regular or ir- regular shape and size, which particles may be individual particles or aggregates or agglomerates or compressed forms of such individual particles.
  • the parameter "a w " designates the water activity (correlating with the water content of a sample)
  • the measurement of water activity may be performed with a Hygroscope DT instrument from Rotronic AG, Zurich, Switzerland.
  • the product is placed in the sample holder and this is positioned in the measuring chamber thermostatted to 25 0 C. After closing the measuring chamber and an equilibration time of 20 minutes, the instrument measurement value is read off.
  • Cell counts may be determined in the conventional manner by serial dilution with sterile 0.9% strength NaCI solution and subsequent plating on MRS agar (Difco Laboratories). "Colony-forming units” (cfu) may be counted after incubation for 48 hours at 37 0 C. Only plates, which contained between 30 and at most 300 colonies were evaluated. Generally, 3 plates per stage were evaluated and the mean taken.
  • “Viability" of a microorganism describes the ability of the microorganism to grow and/or to multiply and/ or to differentiate.
  • seed embraces seeds and plant propagules of all kinds including but not limited to true seeds, seed pieces, suckers, corms, bulbs, fruit, tubers, grains, cuttings, cut shoots and the like and means in a preferred embodiment true seeds.
  • seed treatment comprises all suitable seed treatment techniques known in the art, such as seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking, seed im- pregnation and seed pelleting.
  • coated with and/or containing generally signifies that the active ingredient is for the most part on the surface of the propagation product at the time of application, although a greater or lesser part of the ingredient may penetrate into the propagation product, depending on the method of application. When the said propagation product is (re)planted, it may absorb the active ingredient.
  • a first aspect of the invention relates to a plant health composition, comprising the fol- lowing components 1 ) and 2):
  • said viable or non-viable beneficial microorganism (I) is a plant protective or plant performance or nutrition-improving microorganism (I).
  • the plant health composition of the invention contain as component 1 ) a particulate formulation of at least beneficial microorganism (I) and a particulate carrier substance.
  • Said carrier may be substantially composed of water-soluble or water- insoluble material or mixtures thereof.
  • the microorganism cells may be embedded into the carrier material and/or may be adsorbed to the surface of the carrier material.
  • the carrier substance which may added as coformulant prior to the drying to a suspension of usually freshly grown of microorganism cells, may be selected from mono-, oligo- and polysaccharides, polyols, polyethers, polymers, such as CMC or PVP, oligo- and polypeptides, from natural sources, such as milk, meat or cereals, derived substances or mixed substances, such as sweet whey powder, wheat semolina bran, pep- tone, alginates, mineral compounds, or mixtures of such materials. Said material may be dissolved in said suspension of microorganism cells, which mxture may then be dried in order to obtain particulate material.
  • said carrier may comprise a water insoluble, water-absorbent carrier substance, which may be is selected from any organic or inorganic material capable of removing moisture gently from the suspension of viable microorganisms, and in particular from the group consisting of zeolite, porous beads or powders, silica, ground agricultural products (as for example corn cobs), porous wood products, cellulose, cyclodextrins, and combinations thereof.
  • the carrier may be admixed with a suspension of usually freshly grown of microorganism cells in order to form particulate material, which optionally my be further subjected to drying.
  • additives having a stabilizing action on the microorganism can be added to the mixture, preferably prior to the preparation of the particulate formulation, as for example antioxidants, such as alpha-tocopherol or ascorbic acid, or mixtures thereof.
  • a stabilizing action can be exerted by other substances, which are selected from inorganic salts, such as alkali metal chlorides or alkaline earth metal chlo- rides, inorganic or organic buffers, such as alkali metal phosphate buffer, amino acids, such as aspartic acid or glutamic acid and the salts thereof, organic carboxylic acids, such as citric acid, organic nonvolatile solvents, such as DMSO, and other compounds, such as ⁇ -carotene and mixtures of these.
  • inorganic salts such as alkali metal chlorides or alkaline earth metal chlo- rides
  • inorganic or organic buffers such as alkali metal phosphate buffer
  • amino acids such as aspartic acid or glutamic acid and the
  • the particulate formulation comprises said carrier substance, as for example said water insoluble, water-absorbent carrier substance, wherein said carrier substance is present in an amount of at least about 40 %, as for example at lease 50, 60, 70, 80, 85, 90, 95, 96, 97, 98 or 99 % by the total weight of the formulation and at least one microorganism (I) mixed with said carrier.
  • said carrier substance as for example said water insoluble, water-absorbent carrier substance, wherein said carrier substance is present in an amount of at least about 40 %, as for example at lease 50, 60, 70, 80, 85, 90, 95, 96, 97, 98 or 99 % by the total weight of the formulation and at least one microorganism (I) mixed with said carrier.
  • said particulate formulation is coated in a manner known per se with a suitable compatible coating or encapsulating material.
  • Suitable encapsulating materials include, without limitation, native or modified chito- sans, native of modified starches, glucans or dextrins, celluloses modified so they are soluble, and any of a number of native or modified vegetable or microbial gums, including agars, guar, locust, carrageenan, xanthans, pectins, and the like, and combinations thereof.
  • suitable coating materials are polymers such as, for example, PVP, in particular a PVP product, which is commercially available under the trade name Kollidon VA64.
  • Another usable coating system comprises a mixture of shellac and Kollidon 25 or 30, which may be supplemented with titanium dioxide and tallow.
  • the beneficial microorganism (I) is selected from the group consisting of bacteria, oomycetes, fungi, in any developmental stage thereof, and combinations of at least two said microorganisms from the same or different group or developmental stage. Examples of suitable microorganisms are given below in a subsequent section.
  • said chemical compound (II) is selected from at least one pesticidal compounds, in particular fungicidal compounds of the subgroups A.1 to A.15 and/or at least parasiticidal compounds of the subgroups B1 to B.6. Combinations of two or more compounds of the same or different subgroup may also be used.
  • the components 1 ) and 2) are present in a weight ratio of from 1000:1 to 1 :1000, as for example 200:1 to 1 :200, 100:1 to 1 :100, as for example 90:1 to 1 :90, 80:1 to 1 :80, 75:1 to 1 :75, 50:1 to 1 :50, 25:1 to 1 :25 or 10:1 to 1 :10.
  • a further aspect of the invention relates to a method for controlling phytopathogenic harmful pests, wherein the pests, their habitat or the plants to be protected against pest attack, the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow and/or the plant propagules are/is treated with an effective amount of a component 1 ) and a component 2) as herein defined.
  • a further aspect of the invention relates to a method for improving plant health, in particular plant performance or nutrition, wherein the plants, the locus where the plant is growing or is intended to grow and/or the plant propagules are/is treated with an effective amount of a component 1 ) and a component 2) as herein defined.
  • said components 1 ) and 2) are applied simultaneously, that is jointly or separately, or in succession.
  • a further aspect of the invention relates to the use of components 1 ) and 2) as herein defined for preparing a plant health agent (or formulation).
  • a further aspect of the invention relates to the use of components 1 ) and 2) as herein defined for treating transgenic plants or the seed thereof.
  • the plants to be treated in the method or use of the invention are selected from agricul- tural plants, silvicultural plants and ornamental plants.
  • the agricultural plants are preferably selected from soybean, corn, wheat, triticale, barley, oats, rye, rape, millet, rice, sunflower, cotton, sugar beets, pome fruit, stone fruit, citrus, bananas, strawberries, blueberries, almonds, grapes, mango, papaya, peanuts, potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, cucurbits, cucumbers, melons, watermelons, garlic, onions, carrots, cabbage, beans, peas, lentils, alfalfa, trefoil, clovers, flax, elephant grass, grass, lettuce, sugar cane, tea, tobacco and coffee.
  • a further aspect of the invention relates to a kit or kit-of-parts comprising a first compo- nent which contains at least one component 1 ) comprising at least one viable microorganism (I) which is as defined herein, and optionally at least one conventional auxiliary; and at least one component 2) which contains the least one component (II) which is as defined herein, and optionally at least one conventional auxiliary.
  • a further aspect of the invention relates to plant seed, comprising a plant health composition as defined herein.
  • compositions When preparing the compositions, it is preferred to employ the commercially available formulations of components 1 ) and 2), to which further compounds, as for example those active against harmful fungi or other pests, such as insects, arachnids or nematodes, or else herbicidal or growth-regulating active compounds or fertilizers may be added.
  • further compounds as for example those active against harmful fungi or other pests, such as insects, arachnids or nematodes, or else herbicidal or growth-regulating active compounds or fertilizers may be added.
  • compositions comprising component 1 ) and 2), wherein component 2) consists of only one active ingredient (II), are employed.
  • component 2) consists of two or, if appropriate, more active components may be advantageous as well.
  • the application rates for component 1 are generally from 0,01 I to 100 I broth containing the strain per hectare, preferably from 0,02 I to 50 I/ha, in particular from 0,05 to 10 I/ha.
  • the application rates for component 2) are generally from 1 to 2000 g/ha, 5 to 100 g/ha, preferably from 10 to 500 g/ha, in particular from 40 to 250 g/ha of active ingredient each.
  • the plant health composition of the invention preferably comprises at least one microorganism (I) in its broadest sense, i.e. a microorganism in isolated (pure) form, a whole broth culture thereof, a supernatant of said culture, or a metabolite produced by cultivation of said microorganism, or a specific developmental stage, as for example conidia (asexual spores).
  • a microorganism in its broadest sense, i.e. a microorganism in isolated (pure) form, a whole broth culture thereof, a supernatant of said culture, or a metabolite produced by cultivation of said microorganism, or a specific developmental stage, as for example conidia (asexual spores).
  • Suitable microorganisms may be selected from:
  • A) fungi such as those of the genera Beave ⁇ a spp. and Metarhizum spp., Tricho- derma spp., Gliocladium spp, Penicillium spp and Clonostachys spp.; as for example conidia thereof; and
  • B) bacteria such as those of the genera Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp.,; and CoI- letotrichum spp.; as well as Rhizobia selected from the family of Rhizobiaceae, as for example of the genus Bradyrhizobium spp.
  • Rhizobia selected from the family of Rhizobiaceae, as for example of the genus Bradyrhizobium spp.
  • Examples of bacteria of the genus Bradyr- hizobium spp are B. japonicum and B. alkanii.
  • Non-limiting examples of suitable fungi are:
  • Fungi of the genus Trichoderma in particular homokaryotic Trichoderma, and conidia thereof.
  • T. hazarium T. viride and T. virens, and conidia thereof.
  • Trichoderma harzanium T-22 available, for example, from Advanced Biological Marketing, Ohio, USA
  • bacterial strains are selected from Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus.
  • Suitable formulations of the Bacillus subtilis strain are commercially available under the tradenames RHAPSODY ® , SERENADE ® MAX and SERENADE ® ASO from AgraQuest, Inc., USA.
  • a further suitable formulation of the Bacillus subtilis strain in combination with Bradyr- hizobia spp. is obtainable from Becker-Underwood under the tradename VAULT ® .
  • Suitable formulations of the Bacillus pumilus strain are commercially available under the tradenames SONATA ® and BALLAD ® Plus from AgraQuest, Inc., USA.
  • active compounds Il may be present in different crystal modifications or stereoisomer forms, which may differ in biological activity. They also form part of the definition of component 2).
  • Subgroups A.1 to A.15 of insecticidal compounds are identical to Subgroups A.1 to A.15 of insecticidal compounds:
  • growth regulators a) chitin synthesis inhibitors: benzoylureas: chlorflua- zuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, no- valuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron; buprofezin, diofenolan, hexythiazox, etoxa- zole, clofentazine; b) ecdysone antagonists: halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, te- bufenozide, azadirachtin; c) juvenoids: pyriproxyfen, methoprene, fenoxycarb; d) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors: spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat;
  • Nicotinic receptor agonists/antagonists compounds clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid; the thiazol compound of formula F 1
  • GABA antagonist compounds acetoprole, endosulfan, ethiprole, fipronil, va- niliprole, pyrafluprole, pyriprole, the phenylpyrazole compound of formula T 2
  • Macrocyclic lactone insecticides abamectin, emamectin, milbemectin, Ie- pimectin, spinosad;
  • METI I compounds fenazaquin, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, flufenerim;
  • METI Il and III compounds acequinocyl, fluacyprim, hydramethylnon;
  • Oxidative phosphorylation inhibitor compounds cyhexatin, diafenthiuron, fenbutatin oxide, propargite;
  • Moulting disruptor compounds cyromazine
  • Mixed Function Oxidase inhibitor compounds piperonyl butoxide
  • a 1 is CH 3 , Cl, Br, I, X is C-H, C-Cl, C-F or N, Y' is F, Cl, or Br, Y" is hydrogen, F, Cl, CF 3 , B 1 is hydrogen, Cl, Br, I, CN, B 2 is Cl, Br, CF 3 , OCH 2 CF 3 , OCF 2 H, and R B is hydrogen, CH 3 or CH(CH 3 ) 2 , and the malononitrile compounds as described in JP 2002 284608, WO 02/89579, WO 02/90320, WO 02/90321 , WO 04/06677, WO 04/20399, JP 2004 99597, WO 05/68423, WO 05/68432, or WO 05/63694, especially the malononitrile compounds
  • CF 3 (CH 2 ) 2 C(CN) 2 (CH 2 ) 2 (CF 2 ) 3 CF 3 (2-(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluoro-hexyl)-2-(3,3,3- trifluoro-propyl)-malononitrile), CF 2 H(CF 2 ) 3 CH 2 C(CN) 2 CH 2 (CF 2 ) 3 CF 2 H (2,2-bis-(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-pentyl)- malononitrile),
  • Subgroups B.1 to B.6 of fungicidal compounds B.1. Azoles: cyproconazole, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, flu- quinconazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimenol, triadimefon, triticona- zole, cyazofamid, imazalil, prochloraz, triflumizol, benomyl, carbendazim, thiaben- dazole, ethaboxam, and hymexazole.
  • Strobilurins azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, methyl (2-chloro-5-[1-(3-methylbenzyloxyimino)ethyl]benzyl)carbamate, methyl (2- chloro-5-[1 -(6-methylpyridin-2-ylmethoxyimino)ethyl]benzyl)carbamate, and methyl 2-(ortho-((2,5-dimethylphenyloxymethylene)phenyl)-3-methoxyacrylate;
  • Carboxamides boscalid, carboxin, benalaxyl, fenhexamid, flutolanil, furamet- pyr, metalaxyl, mefenoxam (metalaxyl-M), ofurace, oxadixyl, oxycarboxin, pen- thiopyrad, thifluzamide, tiadinil, dimethomorph, fluopicolide (picobenzamid), diclo- cymet, N-(4'-bromobiphenyl-2-yl)-4-difluoromethyl-2-methylthiazole-5- carboxamide, N-(4'-trifluoromethylbiphenyl-2-yl)-4-difluoromethyl-2- methylthiazole-5-carboxamide, N-(4'-chloro-3'-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl)-4-di- fluoromethyl-2-methylthiazole-5-carboxamide,
  • Heterocylic compounds pyrimethanil, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil, aldimorph, do- demorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, iprodione, procymidone, famoxadone, fenamidone, octhilinone, probenazole, diclomezine, pyroquilon, proquinazid, tricy- clazole, captafol, captan, dazomet, fenoxanil, quinoxyfen, 5-chloro-7-(4- methylpiperidin-1 -yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine, 6- (3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidine-7-
  • B.5. Carbamates: mancozeb, maneb, metam, metiram, ferbam, propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram; diethofencarb, iprovalicarb, propamocarb, and methyl 3-(4- chlorophenyl)-3-(2-isopropoxycarbonylamino-3-methylbutyrylamino)propanoate.
  • antibiotic nematicides like abamectin
  • carbamate nematicides like benomyl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, cloethocarb;
  • oxime carbamate nematicides like alanycarb, aldicarb, aldoxycarb, oxamyl;
  • organophosphate nematicides like diamidafos, fenamiphas, fosthietan, phos- phamidon;
  • organothiophosphate nematicides like cadusafos, chlorpyrifos, dichlofenthion, dimethoate, ethoprophos, fensulfothion, fosthiazate, heterophos, isamidofos, isa- zofos, phorate, phosphocarb, terbufos, thionazin, triazophos;
  • phosphonothioate nematicides like imicyafos, mecarphon; as well as
  • acetoprole benclothiaz, chloropicrin, dazomet, DBCP, DCIP, 1 ,2- dichloropropane, 1 ,3-dichloropropene, furfural, iodomethane, metam, methyl bromide, methyl isothiocyanate, xylenols.
  • Preferred fungicidal compounds selected from subgroups B.1 to B.6 are: metalaxyl, pyrimethanil, epoxiconazole, fluquiconazole, flutriafol, hymexazole, imazalil, metconazole, prochloraz, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, triticonazole, iprodion, meti- ram, thiram, boscalid, carbendazim, silthiofam, fludioxonil, azoxystrobin, ethaboxam, kresoxim-methyl, orysastrobin, pyraclostrobin trifloxystrobin, thiophante methyl.
  • Particularely preferred fungicides are: metalaxyl, epoxiconazole, fluquiconazole, prochloraz, triticonazole, iprodion, thiram, tebuconazole, boscalid, carbendazim, silthiofam, fludioxonil, azoxystrobin, orysastrobin, pyraclostrobin trifloxystrobin, thiophante methyl, ethaboxam, metconazole.
  • Preferred insecticides selected from subgroups A.1 to A.15 are: acetamiprid, alpha-cypermethrin, clothianidin, fipronil, imidacloprid, spinosad, tefluthrin, thiamethoxam, metaflumizon.
  • insecticides are: acetamiprid, clothianidin, fipronil, imidacloprid, spinosad, thiamethoxam, metaflumizon
  • AMERICAS BEST INOCULANT TM combined with at least one, like one or two, preferably one member of the group of metalaxyl, pyrimethanil, epoxiconazole, fluquiconazole, flutriafol, hymexazole, imazalil, metconazole, prochloraz, prothioconazole, tebu- conazole, triticonazole, iprodion, metiram, thiram, boscalid, carbendazim, silthiofam, fludioxonil, azoxystrobin, ethaboxam , kresoxim-methyl, orysastrobin, pyraclostrobin trifloxystrobin, thiophante methyl.
  • EXCALIBRE TM combined with at least one, like one or two, preferably one member of the group of metalaxyl, pyrimethanil, epoxiconazole, fluquiconazole, flutriafol, hymexazole, imazalil, metconazole, prochloraz, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, triticonazole, iprodion, metiram, thiram, boscalid, carbendazim, silthiofam, fludioxonil, azoxystrobin, ethaboxam, kresoxim-methyl, orysastrobin, pyraclostrobin trifloxystrobin, thiophante methyl.
  • EXCALIBRE QRTM combined with at least one, like one or two, preferably one member of the group of metalaxyl, pyrimethanil, epoxiconazole, fluquiconazole, flutriafol, hymexazole, imazalil, metconazole, prochloraz, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, triticonazole, iprodion, metiram, thiram, boscalid, carbendazim, silthiofam, fludioxonil, azox- ystrobin, ethaboxam, kresoxim-methyl, orysastrobin, pyraclostrobin trifloxystrobin, thio- phante methyl.
  • VAULT ® combined with at least one, like one or two, preferably one member of the group of metalaxyl, pyrimethanil, epoxiconazole, fluquiconazole, flutriafol, hymexazole, imazalil, metconazole, prochloraz, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, triticonazole, iprodion, metiram, thiram, boscalid, carbendazim, silthiofam, fludioxonil, azoxystrobin, ethaboxam, kresoxim-methyl, orysastrobin, pyraclostrobin trifloxystrobin, thiophante methyl.
  • AMERICAS BEST INOCULANT TM combined with at least one, like one or two, preferably one member of the group of acetamiprid, alpha-cypermethrin, clothianidin, fipronil, imidacloprid, spinosad, tefluthrin, thiamethoxam, metaflumizon.
  • EXCALIBRE TM combined with at least one, like one or two, preferably one member of the group of acetamiprid, alpha-cypermethrin, clothianidin, fipronil, imidacloprid, spinosad, tefluthrin, thiamethoxam, metaflumizon.
  • EXCALIBRE QRTM combined with at least one, like one or two, preferably one member of the group acetamiprid, alpha-cypermethrin, clothianidin, fipronil, imidacloprid, spinosad, tefluthrin, thiamethoxam, metaflumizon.
  • VAULT ® combined with at least one, like one or two, preferably one member of the group of acetamiprid, alpha-cypermethrin, clothianidin, fipronil, imidacloprid, spinosad, tefluthrin, thiamethoxam, metaflumizon.
  • the particulate formulation comprising at least one viable, beneficial microorganism may be prepared in different ways, applying standard formulation techniques of mixing, drying and optionally coating (see for example Mollet, H. et al., Formultechnik, WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, Germany (2000)).
  • particles may be generated the mean particle size of which may vary in a wide range of 0,01 to 10 mm, as for example 0,1 to 5 mm or 0,1 to 2 mm or 0.2 to 1 mm.
  • the preparation techniques and constituents applied allow the preparation of particles characterized by a high content of viable microorganisms characterized by good stor- age stability of the viable microorganisms.
  • formulations having cfu values in the range of 10 6 to about 10 12 , or 5 x 10 8 to about 10 12 are made available.
  • the water content of such particulate formulations is significantly low.
  • the water content expressed via the water activity parameter a w , is below about 1.0, in particular below about 0,4 or below about 0,2 or below about 0,1 or even below about 0,01.
  • Examples of such a w parameter ranges are 0 to 1 , 0,0001 to 0,2, 0,001 to 0,15 or 0,002 to 0,10 or 0,002 to 0,1.
  • a water insoluble, water-absorbent substance is combined with the aqueous suspension of viable microorganisms to an amount of about 80 to 99% by total weight of the formulation.
  • the aqueous suspension of viable microorganism is present in the formulation in an amount of about 1 to 20% by total weight of the formulation.
  • the water insoluble, water-absorbent substance is present in the formulation in the amount of at least about 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or 99% by total weight of the formulation.
  • Combining the aqueous suspension of viable microorganisms with the water insoluble, water-absorbent substance can be carried out by a variety of methods. The combining step may be carried out by kneading the aqueous suspension with the water insoluble, water absorbent substance in a flexible container or bag.
  • Suitable methods of preparation is for example disclosed in WO 99/57242 or US 7,037,708 the disclosure of which documents is incorporated by reference.
  • Said methods make use of well-known spray-drying, freeze-drying of fluidized bed- drying processes to obtain a dry powder of carrier-bound viable microorganisms, optionally further combined with subsequent steps of agglomerating, tabletting and/or coating.
  • a spray-drying process for producing a dry microorganism culture comprises a) dissolving or suspending at least one substance suitable for forming a carrier in a liquid comprising at least one microorganism species b) drying the resultant mixture in a spray-dryer, for the spray-drying use being made of a conditioned dried gas heated to a temperature in the range of above about 8O 0 C, in particular from about 90 to about 135 0 C, preferably from about 100 to about 11 O 0 C, such as about 105 0 C, and c) removing the dried material from the spray-dryer, this dried material having an exit temperature of from about 40 to 85 0 C, in particular from about 45 to 75 0 C, preferably from about 50 to 65 0 C, such as about 55 0 C.
  • the gas used for the drying is preferably a dried gas having a dew point of below +5 0 C, in particular having a dew point of from about -10 to about -5O 0 C, such as conditioned compressed air or conditioned nitrogen.
  • a dried gas having a dew point of below +5 0 C in particular having a dew point of from about -10 to about -5O 0 C, such as conditioned compressed air or conditioned nitrogen.
  • compressed air having a dew point of about -25 0 C and nitrogen having a dew point of about -4O 0 C can be used.
  • a dew point of +5 0 C is equivalent to roughly 5 g of water per m 3 of air.
  • the dried material in a downstream further stage d), is subjected to a post-drying.
  • the post-drying temperature is in the range of from about 15 to 5O 0 C, such as from about 25 to 4O 0 C.
  • the post- drying is performed, for example, in a gas atmosphere or in vacuo; alternatively to this, there is also the possibility of mixing a desiccant homogeneously with the dry microorganism preparation obtained in accordance with stage c).
  • the material to be sprayed may have a solids content (after addition of the carrier) of from about 10 to 40, such as from about 10 to 25% by weight.
  • preconditioned drying air i.e. low-moisture drying air
  • use is made of compressed air having a dew point at about -25 0 C.
  • the spray-drying may for example be carried out in a laboratory spray-dryer of type Niro Minor from Niro, Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • the ready-to-spray bacterial suspension is sprayed via a two-component nozzle cocurrently with preconditioned heated compressed air into the plant drying tower, the dried product is separated from the air using a cyclone and collected.
  • the plant health compositions of the invention can be converted into the customary formulations (or agents), for example solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, pow- ders, pastes and granules.
  • the use form depends on the particular intended purpose; in each case, it should ensure a fine and even distribution of the compounds according to the invention.
  • the formulations are prepared in a known manner (see e.g. for review US 3,060,084, EP-A 707 445 (for liquid concentrates), Browning, 'Agglomeration', Chemical Engineering, Dec. 4, 1967, 147-48, Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1963, pages 8-57 and et seq.
  • auxiliaries suitable for the formulation of agrochemicals such as solvents and/or carriers, if desired emulsifiers, surfactants and dispersants, preservatives, anti- foaming agents, anti-freezing agents, for seed treatment formulation also optionally colorants and/or binders and/or gelling agents.
  • solvents examples include water, aromatic solvents (for example Solvesso products, xylene), paraffins (for example mineral oil fractions), alcohols (for example methanol, butanol, pentanol, benzyl alcohol), ketones (for example cyclohexanone, gamma-butyrolactone), pyrrolidones (NMP, NOP), acetates (glycol diacetate), glycols, fatty acid dimethylamides, fatty acids and fatty acid esters.
  • solvent mixtures may also be used.
  • Suitable emulsifiers are nonionic and anionic emulsifiers (for example polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, alkylsulfonates and arylsulfonates).
  • dispersants examples include lignin-sulfite waste liquors and methylcellulose.
  • Suitable surfactants used are alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and ammonium salts of lignosulfonic acid, naphthalenesulfonic acid, phenolsulfonic acid, dibutylnaphthalene- sulfonic acid, alkylarylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkylsulfonates, fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty acids and sulfated fatty alcohol glycol ethers, furthermore condensates of sulfonated naphthalene and naphthalene derivatives with formaldehyde, condensates of naphthalene or of naphthalenesulfonic acid with phenol and formaldehyde, poly- oxyethylene octylphenol ether, ethoxylated isooctylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, tributylphen
  • Substances which are suitable for the preparation of directly sprayable solutions, emulsions, pastes or oil dispersions are mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, such as kerosene or diesel oil, furthermore coal tar oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene, xylene, paraffin, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylated naphthalenes or their derivatives, methanol, etha- nol, propanol, butanol, cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone, isophorone, highly polar solvents, for example dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone or water.
  • mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point such as kerosene or diesel oil, furthermore coal tar oils and oils of vegetable or animal origin, aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, for example toluene, x
  • anti-freezing agents such as glycerine, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and bactericides such as can be added to the formulation.
  • Suitable antifoaming agents are for example antifoaming agents based on silicon or magnesium stearate.
  • Suitable preservatives are for example dichlorophen und benzylalkoholhemiformal.
  • Seed Treatment formulations may additionally comprise binders and optionally colorants.
  • Binders can be added to improve the adhesion of the active materials on the seeds after treatment.
  • Suitable binders are homo- and copolymers from alkylene oxides like ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, polyvinylacetate, polyvinylalcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidones, and copolymers thereof, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, acrylic homo- and copolymers, polyethyleneamines, polyethyleneamides and polyethyleneimines, poly- saccharides like cellulose, modified cellulose, tylose and starch, polyolefin homo- and copolymers like olefin/maleic anhydride copolymers, polyurethanes, polyesters, polystyrene homo and copolymers.
  • colorants can be included in the formulation. Suitable colorants or dyes for seed treatment formulations are Rhodamin B, C.I. Pigment Red 112, C.I. Solvent Red 1 , pigment blue 15:4, pigment blue 15:3, pigment blue 15:2, pigment blue 15:1 , pigment blue 80, pigment yellow 1 , pigment yellow 13, pigment red 112, pigment red 48:2, pigment red 48:1 , pigment red 57:1 , pigment red 53:1 , pigment orange 43, pigment orange 34, pigment orange 5, pigment green 36, pigment green 7, pigment white 6, pigment brown 25, basic violet 10, basic violet 49, acid red 51 , acid red 52, acid red 14, acid blue 9, acid yellow 23, basic red 10, basic red 108.
  • Examples of a gelling agent is carrageen (Satiagel®) Powders, materials for spreading and dustable products can be prepared by mixing or concomitantly grinding the active substances with a solid carrier.
  • Granules for example coated granules, impregnated granules and homogeneous granules, can be prepared by binding the active compounds to solid carriers.
  • solid carriers examples include mineral earths such as silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, attaclay, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, fertiliz- ers, such as, for example, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas, and products of vegetable origin, such as cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal and nutshell meal, cellulose powders and other solid carriers.
  • mineral earths such as silica gels, silicates, talc, kaolin, attaclay, limestone, lime, chalk, bole, loess, clay, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, ground synthetic materials, fertiliz- ers, such as, for example, ammonium sulfate, ammoni
  • the formulations comprise from 0.01 to 95% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 90% by weight, of the active compound(s).
  • the active compound(s) are employed in a purity of from 90% to 100% by weight, preferably 95% to 100% by weight (according to NMR spectrum).
  • respective formulations can in certain cases be diluted 2- 10 fold leading to concentrations in the ready to use preparations of 0,01 to 60% by weight active compound by weight, preferably 0,1 to 40% by weight.
  • the plant health compositions of the invention can be used as such, in the form of their formulations or the use forms prepared there from, for example in the form of directly sprayable solutions, powders, suspensions or dispersions, emulsions, oil dispersions, pastes, dustable products, materials for spreading, or granules, by means of spraying, atomizing, dusting, spreading or pouring.
  • the use forms depend entirely on the intended purposes; they are intended to ensure in each case the finest possible distribution of the active compound(s) according to the invention.
  • Aqueous use forms can be prepared from emulsion concentrates, pastes or wettable powders (sprayable powders, oil dispersions) by adding water.
  • the substances as such or dissolved in an oil or solvent, can be homogenized in water by means of a wetter, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier.
  • concentrates composed of active substance, wetter, tackifier, dispersant or emulsifier and, if appropriate, solvent or oil, and such concentrates are suitable for dilution with water.
  • the active compound concentrations in the ready-to-use preparations can be varied within relatively wide ranges.
  • active compound(s) are from 0.0001 to 10%, preferably from 0.01 to 1% per weight.
  • the active compound(s) may also be used successfully in the ultra-low-volume process (ULV), it being possible to apply formulations comprising over 95% by weight of active compound, or even to apply the active compound without additives.
  • UUV ultra-low-volume process
  • the active compound(s) 10 parts by weight of the active compound(s) are dissolved in 90 parts by weight of water or a water-soluble solvent. As an alternative, wetteners or other auxiliaries are added. The active compound(s) dissolves upon dilution with water, whereby a formula- tion with 10 % (w/w) of active compound(s) is obtained.
  • an organic solvent for example an alkylaromatic solvent with addition of calcium dodecyl- benzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5 parts by weight).
  • an organic solvent for example an alkylaromatic solvent with addition of calcium dodecyl- benzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5 parts by weight).
  • Dilution with water gives an emulsion, whereby a formulation with 15% (w/w) of active com- pound(s) is obtained.
  • Emulsions EW, EO, ES
  • an organic solvent for example an alkylaromatic solvent with addition of calcium dodecyl- benzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate (in each case 5 parts by weight).
  • This mixture is introduced into 30 parts by weight of water by means of an emulsifier machine (e.g. Ultraturrax) and made into a homogeneous emulsion. Dilution with water gives an emulsion, whereby a formulation with 25% (w/w) of active compound(s) is obtained.
  • an emulsifier machine e.g. Ultraturrax
  • 50 parts by weight of the active compound(s) are ground finely with addition of 50 parts by weight of dispersants and wetteners and made as water-dispersible or water-soluble granules by means of technical appliances (for example extrusion, spray tower, fluid- ized bed). Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active com- pound(s), whereby a formulation with 50% (w/w) of active compound(s) is obtained.
  • 75 parts by weight of the active compound(s) are ground in a rotor-stator mill with addi- tion of 25 parts by weight of dispersants, wetteners and silica gel. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active compound(s) , whereby a formulation with 75% (w/w) of active compound(s) is obtained.
  • 0.5 part by weight of the active compound(s) is ground finely and associated with 95.5 parts by weight of carriers, whereby a formulation with 0.5% (w/w) of active compound ⁇ ) is obtained.
  • Current methods are extrusion, spray-drying or the fluidized bed. This gives granules to be applied undiluted for foliar use.
  • Conventional seed treatment formulations include for example flowable concentrates FS, solutions LS, powders for dry treatment DS, water dispersible powders for slurry treatment WS, water-soluble powders SS and emulsion ES and EC and gel formulation GF. These formulations can be applied to the seed diluted or undiluted. Application to the seeds is carried out before sowing, either directly on the seeds.
  • a FS formulation is used for seed treatment.
  • a FS formulation may comprise 1-800 g/l of active ingredient, 1-200 g/l surfactant, 0 to 200 g/l anti- freezing agent, 0 to 400 g/l of binder, 0 to 200 g/l of a pigment and up to 1 liter of a solvent, preferably water.
  • a further subject of the invention is a method of treating soil by the application, in particular into the seed drill: either of a granular formulation containing the plant health composition of the invention - in combination or as a composition/formulation, or of a mixture of two granular formulations, each containing one of the two active ingredients, with optionally one or more solid or liquid, agriculturally acceptable carriers and/or optionally with one or more agriculturally acceptable surfactants.
  • This method is advantageously employed in seed- beds of cereal, maize, cotton and sunflower.
  • the rates for each active ingredient may be in the range of 10 tolOOO g/ha, as for example 50 to 500 g/ha or 50 to 200 g/ha.
  • the present invention also comprises seeds coated with or containing a plant health composition of the invention.
  • Suitable seed is seed of cereals, root crops, oil crops, vegetables, spices, ornamentals, for example seed of durum and other wheat, barley, oats, rye, maize (fodder maize and sugar maize / sweet and field corn), soybeans, oil crops, crucifers, cotton, sunflowers, bananas, rice, oilseed rape, turnip rape, sugarbeet, fodder beet, eggplants, potatoes, grass, lawn, turf, fodder grass, tomatoes, leeks, pumpkin/squash, cabbage, iceberg lettuce, pepper, cucumbers, melons, Brassica species, melons, beans, peas, garlic, onions, carrots, tuberous plants such as potatoes, sugar cane, tobacco, grapes, petunias, geranium/pelargoniums, pansies and impatiens.
  • plant health compositions of the invention may also be used for the treatment seeds from plants, which tolerate the action of herbicides or fungicides or insecticides owing to breeding, including genetic engineering methods.
  • the plant health compositions of the invention may be applied to trans- genie crops which are resistant to herbicides from the group consisting of the sulfonylureas (EP-A-0257993, U.S. Pat. No. 5,013,659), imidazolinones (see for example US 6222100, WO0182685, WO0026390, WO9741218, WO9802526, WO9802527, WO 04/106529, WO 05/20673, WO 03/14357, WO 03/13225, WO 03/14356, WO 04/16073), glufosinate-type (see for example EP-A-0242236, EP-A-242246) or gly- phosate-type (see for example WO 92/00377) or plants resistant towards herbicides selected from the group of cyclohexadienone/Aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides (US 5,162,602 , US 5,290,69
  • the plant health compositions of the invention can be used also for the treatment of seeds from plants, which have modified characteristics in comparison with existing plants consist, which can be generated for example by traditional breeding methods and/or the generation of mutants, or by recombinant procedures.
  • a number of cases have been described of recombinant modifications of crop plants for the purpose of modifying the starch synthesized in the plants (e.g. WO 92/1 1376, WO 92/14827, WO 91/19806) or of transgenic crop plants having a modified fatty acid composition (WO 91/13972).
  • the seed treatment application of the plant health compositions of the invention is carried out by spraying or dusting the seeds before sowing of the plants and before emergence of the plants.
  • the corresponding formulations are applied by treating the seeds with an effective amount of the plant health composition of the invention.
  • the application rates of the plant health composition of the invention are generally from 0,1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of seed, preferably from 1 g to 5 kg per 100 kg of seed, in particular from 1 g to 2,5 kg per 100 kg of seed. For specific crops such as lettuce the rate can be higher.
  • the plant health compositions may be suitable for controlling the following phytopatho- genic fungi:
  • Rhizoctonia gracilis Pyricularia oryzae Rhizoctonia griseo Pythium aphanidermatum Rhizoctonia hiemalis Pythium debaryanum Rhizoctonia juniperi Pythium irregulare Rhizoctonia lamallifera Pythium myriotylum Rhizoctonia leguminicola Pythium ultimum Rhizoctonia lilacina Ramularia collocygni Rhizoctonia luoini Rhizoctonia aerea Rhizoctonia macrosclerotia Rhizoctonia alba Rhizoctonia melongenae Rhizoctonia alpina Rhizoctonia microsclerotia Rhizoctonia anaticula Rhizoctonia monilioides Rhizoctonia anomala Rhizoctonia monteithiana Rhizoctonia apocynacearum Rhizoctonia
  • Rhizoctonia solani f. paroketea Tilletia banarasae
  • Rhizoctonia solani forma specialis Tilletia bangalorensis
  • Ustilago tumeformis The plant health compositions may be suitable for controlling the following phytopatho- genic insects:
  • insects from the order of the lepidopterans ⁇ Lepidoptera for example Agrotis ypsilon, Agrotis segetum, Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Argyresthia conjugella, Autographa gamma, Bupalus piniarius, Cacoecia murinana, Capua reticulana, Cheima- tobia brumata, Choristoneura fumiferana, Choristoneura occidentalis, Cirphis unipuncta, Cydia pomonella, Dendrolimus pini, Diaphania nitidalis, Diatraea grandi- osella, Earias insulana, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Evetria bou- liana, Feltia subterranea, Galleria mellonella, Grapholitha funebrana, Grapholitha mo- lesta,
  • beetles ⁇ Coleoptera for example Agrilus sinuatus, Agriotes lineatus, Agriotes obscu- rus, Amphimallus solstitialis, Anisandrus dispar, Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomus pomorum, Aphthona euphoridae, Athous haemorrhoidalis, Atomaria linearis, Blasto- phagus piniperda, Blitophaga undata, Bruchus rufimanus, Bruchus pisorum, Bruchus lentis, Byctiscus betulae, Cassida nebulosa, Cerotoma trifurcata, Cetonia aurata, Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Ceuthorrhynchus napi, Chaetocnema tibialis, Conoderus vespertinus, Crioceris asparagi, Ctenicera ssp., Diabrotica longicornis,
  • thrips ⁇ Thysanoptera e.g. Dichromothrips corbetti, Dichromothrips ssp , Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella tritici, Scirtothrips citri, Thrips oryzae, Thrips palmi and Thrips tabaci,
  • Isoptera e.g. Calotermes flavicollis, Leucotermes flavipes, Heterotermes aureus, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes virginicus, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Termes natalensis, and Coptotermes formosanus,
  • cockroaches e.g. Blattella germanica, Blattella asahinae, Peri- planeta americana, Periplaneta japonica, Periplaneta brunnea, Periplaneta fuligginosa, Periplaneta australasiae, and Blatta orientalis,
  • Hoplocampa minuta Hoplocampa testudinea
  • Monomorium pha- raonis Solenopsis geminata
  • Vespula squamosa Paravespula vulgaris, Parave- spula pennsylvanica, Paravespula germanica, Dolichovespula maculata, Vespa crabro, Polistes rubiginosa, Camponotus floridanus, and Linepithema humile,
  • crickets grasshoppers, locusts (Orthoptera), e.g. Acheta domestica, Gryllotalpa gryllo- talpa, Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus bivittatus, Melanoplus femurrubrum, Melanoplus mexicanus, Melanoplus sanguinipes, Melanoplus spretus, Nomadacris septemfasciata, Schistocerca americana, Schistocerca gregaria, Dociostaurus maroccanus, Tachycines asynamorus, Oedaleus senegalensis, Zonozerus variegatus, Hieroglyphus daganensis, Kraussaria angulifera, Calliptamus italicus, Chortoicetes terminifera, and Locustana pardalina,
  • Arachnoidea such as arachnids (Acarina), e.g. of the families Argasidae, Ixodidae and Sarcoptidae, such as Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma variegatum, Ambryomma maculatum, Argas persicus, Boophilus annulatus, Boophilus decoloratus, Boophilus microplus, Dermacentor silvarum, Dermacentor andersoni, Dermacentor variabilis, Hyalomma truncatum, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes rubicundus, Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes holocyclus, Ixodes pacificus, Ornithodorus moubata, Ornithodorus hermsi, Ornithodo- rus turicata, Ornithonyssus bacoti, Otobius megnini, Dermanyss
  • Tenuipalpidae spp. such as Brevipalpus phoenicis
  • Te- tranychidae spp. such as Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus kanzawai, Tetran- ychus pacificus, Tetranychus telarius and Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Pa- nonychus citri, and Oligonychus pratensis; Araneida, e.g. Latrodectus mactans, and Loxosceles reclusa,
  • fleas e.g. Ctenocephalides felis, Ctenocephalides canis, Xenopsylla cheopis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, and Nosopsyllus fasciatus,
  • silverfish, firebrat e.g. Lepisma saccharina and Thermobia domestica
  • centipedes Chilopoda
  • Scutigera coleoptrata centipedes
  • Pediculus humanus capitis e.g. Pediculus humanus capitis, Pediculus humanus corporis, Pthi- rus pubis, Haematopinus eurysternus, Haematopinus suis, Linognathus vituli, Bovicola bovis, Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus stramineus and Solenopotes capillatus.
  • the plant health acitivity of the combinations of the invention may be determined in a manner known per se.
  • fungicidal action of components 1 ) and 2) and of the compositions according to the invention may be demonstrated in the following manner
  • Components 1 ) and 2) were prepared as a stock solution comprising 25 mg of active compound which was made up to 10 ml using a mixture of acetone and/or DMSO and the emulsifier Uniperol ® EL (wetting agent having an emulsifying and dispersing action based on ethoxylated alkylphenols) in a ratio by volume of solvent/emulsifier of 99:1. The mixture was then made up to 100 ml with water. This stock solution was diluted with the solvent/emulsifier/water mixture described to give the concentration of active compound stated below. The visually determined percentages of infected leaf areas were converted into efficacies in % of the untreated control:
  • E (1 - ⁇ / ⁇ ) - 100
  • ⁇ corresponds to the fungicidal infection of the treated plants in % and ⁇ corresponds to the fungicidal infection of the untreated (control) plants in %
  • An efficacy of 0 means that the infection level of the treated plants corresponds to that of the untreated control plants; an efficacy of 100 means that the treated plants were not infected.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur des compositions de phytoprotection comprenant, en tant que composants actifs, au moins un microorganisme viable ayant une activité de phytoprotection et au moins un composé chimique ayant une activité de phytoprotection et/ou de protection des cultures ; sur des procédés pour contrôler des nuisibles phytopathogènes et sur un procédé pour améliorer la phytoprotection par application de telles compositions de phytoprotection ; sur des formulations de phytoprotection préparées à partir desdites compositions ; sur des kits comprenant lesdites compositions de phytoprotection ainsi que sur des graines de plante traitées par de telles compositions ou formulations.
PCT/EP2008/065028 2007-11-06 2008-11-05 Compositions de phytoprotection comprenant un microorganisme utile et un pesticide Ceased WO2009060012A2 (fr)

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EP07120109 2007-11-06
EP07120109.9 2007-11-06

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