WO2008150149A1 - Possible devices of water-powers of gravitations defence of noosfery of spaces - Google Patents

Abstract

The offered devices of water-powers of gravitations can substantially facilitate the task of normalization of ecology of noosfery of earth at any scales of production activity of people.

Description

 POSSIBLE GRAVITATIONAL HYDRAULIC POWER DEVICES FOR PROTECTION OF THE NOOSPHERE OF SPACE OBJECTS

Description of the invention

The industrial activity of people is currently manifested by increasingly noticeable shifts in the unfavorable direction of the main environmental parameters. In view of the intensive expenditure of irreplaceable energy sources and the irrational use of environmentally friendly energy, it is really necessary to reconsider our possibilities for correcting the situation. A particularly negative effect is exerted by energy production, the technology of which is based on the use of chemical and thermonuclear reactions of hydrocarbon and radioactive raw materials having finite reserves. One of the powerful and inexhaustible sources of clean energy is the energy of gravitational forces, but it is currently used very limitedly, mainly in hydroelectric power stations. The turbine units of modern hydropower plants receive torque for generating e / energy from the kinetic energy of the stream, which is not equal to the H-total potential energy of the pressure head. (According to the Bernoulli formula) H = Z + P / γ + V ² / 2g, where Z is the level of the turbine above the lower pressure, P is the head for HZ, γ is the specific gravity, V is the water velocity for HZ, g = 9.81m / sec ^2. The hydraulic unit works at Z about ^z o and V pressure = 0, from the static head H = P / γ and almost 100% of this pressure acts on the membrane, since the triggering at each deflection of the membrane gives all its energy to the membrane and flows out d its weight, with acceleration of Ig, to the level of runoff (Z = Const, close to Oc). Hydroturbines, on the other hand, work from the kinetic component of the pressure V ² / 2g = H - Z - P / γ, which is noticeably smaller - this is time, and secondly, because of the inevitable seasonal fluctuations in water supplies, the units are forced to work either at full capacity (and this significantly reduces the efficiency of turbines), or with intensive idle discharge of water into floods, when due to intensive discharge of water, the water level of the lower drain significantly increases. However, the turbine cannot fundamentally utilize the kinetic energy (due to the P / γ component that transforms into kinetic for limits of the outlet nozzle), since, having completely given up its kinetic energy, the water flow will have to stop at the exit section of the turbine nozzle, which means the turbine itself will stop. A decrease in the efficiency of turbogenerators also occurs due to evaporation of water from large water mirrors of reservoirs (more than 50% of the stored water, and, consequently, energy). It turns out that the turbines take an insignificant share of the potential energy of the stored water and gain significant torque on the shaft only by running as much as possible of it (Volzhsky dams -1.6 cubic meters, dams of the Western Dvina-2.3 cubic meters per lkw). Hence, due to lack of water, their working hours at full capacity are limited to 5-6 months a year, depending on the amount of precipitation. .. The aim of this work is to show the advantages of the discrete effect of a static liquid column on the power actuator, which gives an advantage in the flow of water during the selection of its energy due to the relatively slow flow of this process, which is more consistent with the nature of the behavior of liquids due to their fluidity and therefore difficulties in management their flows due to the uneven inertia of the flow jets in curved motion, as well as enabling the shut-off valve lyat phenomenon hydrostatic paradox and thereby creating the one hand powerful impulse forces allows return drawdown with significantly less energy and thus create the precondition without fuel receiving hydraulic motor. . Calculations show that variations in the sizes of liquid chambers, their layout and materials used allow the design of engines of this type to equip almost any means of transportation from a bicycle to a helicopter or an airplane (except for military use, since they do not allow performing aerobatics). For industrial purposes, where high energy concentrations are needed and where a favorable hydrological environment is needed, instead of returning the waste, it is advisable to use derivational hydraulic structures with pipes below the freezing level, which allow for modest consumption of water resources without dams, flooding vast territories, without disrupting the natural hydrological river regime, as well as without power lines, as it allows you to receive e / energy directly in the place of its consumption, which preserves the ecology in perfect condition for any volume of electricity production.

In the database of the patent library, information about alternative energy sources is very scarce and is presented by little clarifying essays, therefore, according to the prior art, I can refer to: patent RU 2221 932 C2 from 22. 10. 200 Ir., Artamonov A.S. and others, "All-in-one power plant))) (MPK-F 03В 13/00, 7/00), where vertically located turbines with blades and diaphragms due to the found ((hydroelectric power plants allow for the conversion of water energy without dam construction"; RU patent 2153041 C2 dated 04. 08. 1998, G. Ginkulov, "Bottom hydroelectric power station)) ^ MPK-E 02 B9 / 00, F 03 B 13/10), where" the hydroelectric power station contains one or more electric generators rotated, respectively , with one or more flexible shafts with an anchor at the end and blade rotors ”, as well as the application of Stelmach A.A. N ° 92001594 from 1992 "Diaphragm nacoc" (MPK-F 04 V 9/10), which is proposed to be used for pumping liquids and pulp. Patent SU 977848 A (Design Technological Institute “Union Driving Automation”) 11/30/1982, application to Cavalier M.T. Hydraulic machine for pumping and extracting liquids during internal displacements for power generation)), RU 2005125739 A dated 12/15/2003. (MPK-A03 B 17/04), where a method is proposed for generating electric energy by means of a turbine unit in a tank with a liquid due to gravitational forces, Whatford TL WO 4067952 Bl dated 09/23/04 (MPK-F 03 B 17/04) ((Rotary floating power plant)), .. "which contains a series of impellers immersed in a container with water." All of these developments have given one or another solution to converting the kinetic component (V / 2g) of the potential energy of the total head pressure into torque liquid described by the Bernoulli formula. In the application PCT / LV-2006/000007 dated 09/26/06, units for the direct use of the potential energy of water due to the discrete action on the membrane chamber (through a periodically opening valve) of variable pressure with an amplitude equal to 100% of the H-head of the liquid column in the pressure tube are presented while a turbine with its efficiency of 96% uses only about 0.7 meters of this pressure, which does not compensate for the above losses as a system.

Analysis of the operation of devices proposed in PCTVL V-2006/000007 from 06/26/06. , P - 07-66 from 06/08/07. , P - 07 -144 dated 12/13/07, P-08-48 dated 03/31/08. shows the advantages of the discrete action of a static liquid column on the actuator due to the slow flow of the energy extraction process and thereby improving the control of fluid streams with their uneven inertia, especially in curvilinear motion, and therefore the prospect of using gravitational forces to generate the required amount of energy, which is why the purpose of this The work is the initial design of industrial plants capable of utilizing the inexhaustible energy of gravitational forces. The essence of the invention is a method for economically transferring potential water energy of a relatively small pressure level (below are the calculations for a 1-meter level, as an example of using the device on water sources of flat terrain, with a water flow rate of up to 0.5 m / s.) By the membrane chamber directly into kinetic energy translationally - the slide moves back into rotational motion either through the crankshaft or through a linearly circular gear transmission, or by obtaining a rotational movement using the ratchet mechanism from the oscillatory movement of the sprocket, connected with the membranes of two identical membrane hydraulic units linearly moving in antiphase and further to the multiplier, flywheel and e / generator. This became possible due to the use of the hydrostatic paradox phenomenon in the device, in which the energy is gained due to the prevalence of the energy of the pressure forces and gravity of the pressure column of the liquid over the energy necessary to work to return the liquid discharge to the initial pressure level of the liquid with the discrete method of collecting potential energy stored in water gravitational forces without first translating this energy into kinetic. The implementation of this method is presented in Figures 1-4, where Fig. L shows a device for generating energy using a corrugated membrane chamber and a liquid return system (Fig. 1 in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3). As mentioned above, the liquid return system is implemented in the form of devices that exclude the occurrence of pressure forces and overcome only the force of gravity of the liquid. Figure 2 shows the same device with a telescopic piston chamber and a liquid return system with a device using mobile inertial means not portions of liquid, but balls or carriages. Figure 4 shows one more device for returning a liquid runoff, the use of which is more appropriate for large H-heads. Thus, the MG in Figs. 1 and 2 consists of two pipes (1), vertically located on the base (2), with a bell (3) in the upper part, filled with liquid. In the lower parts of the pipes there are antiphase fluid inlet valves (4). Below them are located on the cuff (5) the discharge valves of the discharge (6) into the tank (13), controlled by eccentrics (9), also working in antiphase between themselves and relative to the valves (4). On the lower end of the pipes (1), corrugated (fig. 1) or telescopic piston (pic. 2) chambers (7) are fixed with membranes (8), which are connected by a chain (12) to a block (11). The baths (13) are connected by tubes (14) with a tank (15), where the run-in accumulates. The lifting mechanism of the operation is fixed on the base (16) and consists of conveyor sprockets (20) with a chain (18), on which buckets (17) are fixed. With the upper part of the base (16) there is a trench for receiving the waste (19), which is attached to the socket (3) with the other end. The efforts of the propulsion device (Fig. L or 2) through the sprocket (21) and the chain are combined with the torque of the axis of the ratchet mechanism on the block (11). The operation of the device. With the valve (4) open and the drain (6) closed, the fluid pressure in the pipe (1) acts on the membrane (8), forcing it to move and rotating the sprocket of the block (11) through the chain (12), on the axis of which the ratchet mechanism provides a one-way rotation of the output axis. When the diameter of the membrane is 0.4 m and its course is 0.5 m with an N-pressure l meter, you can get about ZOOvt of electricity. Due to the use of a telescopic camera, the run-in level is significantly reduced and with a piston diameter of 0.2 m is 0.0157 m. To raise it to the level lmeter, 157J (80W) is required. To increase the efficiency of the device, several variants of special devices for raising the operating time to restore the level of H-head are offered. Option 1. The use of four mutually intersecting blades, the contour of which moves the center of gravity of any mass and due to a certain way changing the shoulder during its movement to obtain a rotational motion provided by the force of gravity. The position of the center of gravity of the moving mass (liquid or ball) at different positions of the axis of symmetry of the blades (for balls) is characterized by the following moments of forces (with a radius of 5.5 m and a ball weight of 40 n) degrees 0 15 30 45 60 75

The moment of forces 62.5 69 16.9 -40 -1.4 135.3 For devices with hermetic blades and filled with one quarter of the liquid, the moments of force are approximately the same.

Total, the resulting moment of forces clockwise (+) 242.3n.m. In terms of radius lm and the weight of the ball, Yoon is allj. If you place such blades every 15 degrees, this gives 220 joules (110 watts), which is quite acceptable from the point of view of energy consumption for raising the water drawdown to a given level. If the weight of the balls is increased several times (their total weight will be 70-100 kg), we get a power plant that can satisfy the need for electricity, for example, a small family. Option 2. The device in Fig. 4, consisting of two vertical tubes (l) isolated from each other, filled with liquid and two membrane chambers, the membranes of which are rigidly connected to each other and through the chain (12) are also connected to the ratchet mechanism of the unit ( eleven). Due to the fact that the volume of the liquid telescopic chamber is several times smaller than the volume of the air chamber, the air discharge through the cycle pushes the liquid discharge to the upper liquid level in the pipe (1). Approximately half of the energy of the static H-head is used to move the liquid run-in. With the appropriate selection of the pipe sizes (1) and the sizes of the chambers with membranes, it is possible to achieve the required power size (in our case, SW). Option 3. A rotating wheel (30), Fig. 5, in which every 10-15 degrees they are fixed at one end on a drum (32) with an axis (33), diametrically opposite tubes (31) with a thickness of 0.02 m, crowned with sockets (35 ) directed in the same direction. Thus, this sealed construction is a single cavity, 95% filled with liquid. The cut of the end part of the bell is made of plastic (rubber) material (36), allowing bending into the inside of the cavity, and a rather rare metal mesh on the cut of the bell does not allow the plastic partition of the bell to go beyond the cut.

Wheel work. According to the laws of hydraulics, the static fluid pressure, which has the maximum value for two vertical tubes, acts on the aperture area and, due to the imbalance in the reaction force from the aperture plane, creates a pressure force proportional to the aperture area and rotates the socket with the tube tangentially to the circle made up of points (30) centers of pressure of all cranking bells. The magnitude of the moment of forces in the center of pressure of the area of the socket is thus determined by the magnitude of the height difference between the fluid cut in the vertical tube and the position of the centers of the pressure of the bell. Power is taken, naturally, from the gear (37) on the axis of the drum (33).

^“ The phenomenon of the hydrostatic paradox, described as far back as the 17th century by the French scientist B. Pascal (in the experiment with a barrel), in combination with a controlled discrete change in pressure (due to valves) in a liquid can provide significant energy at a low flow rate. mounted on a fixed base-adapter (39), the N-pressure tube (1) through a periodically opening valve (4) to connect with the adapter (39) and then with the corrugated strong camera (7) with the widest possible base, as in Fig. 6. It turns out that the removal of power due to the movement of the membrane (the base of the chamber together with it) does not so much depend on the fluid flow, but on the dimensions of the membrane itself, the configuration and volume of the membrane chamber, and, naturally, on pressure (H-head ) in the working cycle because of the fact that the membrane moves under the influence of two forces - the weight of the liquid, enclosed in a given volume and the force of static pressure, due to the height of the liquid column and no less than the area of the base of the tank. Let the height of the pressure pipe H = IM., Its diameter d = 0, lm., The area of the membrane (base of the cone) S = 0, lm ² (with a diameter of 0.36 m.) Then the pressure force F = PxS = 10 ⁴ Pax0, lm ² = 10 ³ H. With a cone height (membrane stroke) of 0.01 m. the resulting operation A = 10 ³ N.x.0.01 m. = 10J. Run-in volume U = SxL = O, lm ² x0.01m = 10 ^{~ 3} M ³ and weight G = IOH. Necessary work to raise this runoff to the top of the pipe is A = GxH = I 0n.xlm. = 10j., i.e. no gain. The only useful application of such a scheme is only to work in hydraulic units with free flow, as in modern hydropower plants, but with much more economical use of water per kW, as shown in the application PCT / LV 2006/000007 dated 09/26/06. It is possible to increase the energy efficiency from such a scheme only due to the Pascal hydrostatic paradox, for which the membrane chamber must be of variable volume in the form of a truncated cone with a varying angle of inclination of the generatrix from 0 ° to 15 ° with an increase in pressure inside its volume. From above, the cone seals hermetically with the lower end of the H-pressure tube. and in order to increase the pressure force, the base of the cone should have an area that is several times larger in comparison with the cross-sectional area of the H-pressure tube. By the way, the set experiment confirms with amazing accuracy that the pressure force in this case is the same as for a cylindrical volume of the same height. But the volume of liquid (and weight) in the cone is almost half as small, and therefore the work to return the drawdown is also half as small. In our case, this work is no longer JWT, but 5W. and minus the inevitable losses in the mechanisms, you can count on a few watts of usable power (at a cycle frequency of lHz.). To increase the net output power, a simple increase in the height of the H-head tube can be used almost exclusively in stationary installations. In the conditions of severe restrictions on the dimensions (for example, for a vehicle), a slightly different solution is proposed for increasing the number of kilowatts per kg of engine weight, namely: the n-th number of truncated cones (fig. 6 and 7) arranged one below the other and hermetically connected - the open top of one with a hole in the base of the other and a muffled base of the lower, last, cone. Due to the incompressibility of the liquid, the pressure that arises in each of the cavities of the cones acts almost autonomously and, due to the stiffness of the generating cones, transfers the pressure force from the upper cone to the lower one, providing the addition of these forces, and due to the increase in the volume of the cones due to an increase in the inclination angle of the generatrix, and with it and the height of the cones, the magnitude of the working stroke of the slider, strengthened in the center of the pressure of the membrane (base of the lower cone), increases. Thus, an increase in the number of cones leads to a multiple increase in pressure force and a multiple increase in the stroke of the slider. ΣF = nF and ΣL = nL, then A = FLn ² , where n is the number of cones in the “Christmas tree”. Technically, it is most advisable to have a change in the height of the cone in the range from 0 to 10 mm. (O. Olm.). Then, to obtain the necessary installation power, it is enough at H = IM. vary the diameter of the base of the cones and their quantity. Operational power control can be carried out by changing, for example, the height of the pressure pipe, performing it with a telescopic, as well as other known methods. For our case, A = 5W xn ² , with n = 10 it is 0.5kW, which is enough for a cyclist to travel at speeds up to 5km / h. It is easy to calculate that with an installation height of 2 meters, an area of about 2 m, n = 50, a power of about 8 MW can be achieved. We turn to a detailed examination of the actual structures, starting with a single-camera installation.

The installation consists of two identical devices interconnected by axles through ratchets and gears (41) and (41a) fig. 6 and 7. Therefore, it is sufficient to describe the elements of one of them. So, the pressure tube (1) with the funnel-shaped extender with the lower end is hermetically fixed on the adapter (39), in the cavity of which the filling valve (4), the drain valve (6) and the block (11) are mounted with the cable fixed on it (12). From below, a membrane chamber is also hermetically connected to the adapter, which is a truncated cone (7), which can change the angle of inclination of the generatrix from 0 to a certain number of degrees depending on the size of the pressure cone entering the cavity. The base (8) of the cone (membrane) has an area an order of magnitude larger than the area of the upper part of the truncated cone. On the inner side of the membrane (8) in the center of the fluid pressure there is an eye bolt (38) under the loop of the cable (12), thrown through the block (I) in the transition chamber (39). From the outside body. The block (11) is connected via an axis through gears (41) to the block (Ha) of the neighboring device, which is the same type as described, but works in antiphase with it due to valves deployed 90 ° (4). This valve (bypass) located at the top of the adapter (39) breaks the continuity (at the very bottom of the H-head tube) of the liquid column and thereby eliminates the static pressure of this liquid column in the pipe when lifting the membrane chamber by the size of the working distance of the membrane and compression the cone of the membrane chamber (or when telescopic pistons enter into each other, having a diameter of the rubbing surfaces equal to the diameter of the base of the cones), ensuring that the run-out through the valve (6) opens into the water intake (13), which portions of the liquid rises into the expanded pipe portion H head. This allows you to eliminate the force of hydrostatic pressure and when returning the drawdown to overcome only the weight of the raised elements, as well as the actual drawdown weight, which in the aggregate is much less than the strength of hydrostatic pressure. The engine device with a herringbone membrane differs only in the membrane chamber itself with a reduced change in the angle of inclination of the generatrix and in that it is placed in the cylinder to prevent bending and breakage of the herringbone. Hence, the principle of operation of these devices is the same.

Engine operation. With the left-side valve (4) of the left-side mounting open at pic.6 and 7, a column of liquid from the tube (1) enters the membrane chamber (7), which consists of separate, interconnected, cone-shaped compartments. In each of them, from the static column of liquid in the tube, its own hydrostatic pressure is created, which, due to the incompressibility of the liquid, is transmitted to each cone-shaped compartment located below, up to the lower membrane (8). In the right installation, the valve (4a) is closed and the membrane (8a) due to the forced rotation of the block (Ha), rising, forces to pour out through the open valve (6a) into the accumulation tank (13) provided for the return device on fig. 6 and 7. The cables (12) and (12a) fixed in the center of pressure for the eyebolts (38) and (38a) turn the block (1 1) and block (Ha), the axes of which are connected through ratchet gears (41) and (41a), and with them crank and valves (4) and (4a). Moreover, the area of the open window at the time of closing the valve (4) is slightly less than the area of the opening window of the valve (4a), which ensures the completion of the closing of the valve (4) and ensuring the continuity of rotation of the blocks (11) and (Pa). Perhaps this will require connecting through the axis of the blocks (11) a second of the same installation with the position of the intake valves (4) and drain (6) turned by 45 °. Useful power is removed through the rods (40) in any way, either through the crankshaft or through the blades (42), as in Fig. 6 and 7.

To obtain even higher power levels (up to 200 MW) with a low pressure pipe height, another constructive solution is proposed, namely, the creation of a virtual pressure column of liquid due to a two-stage membrane chamber, as shown in Fig. 8. For this, at the end of the rod of the upper membrane chamber (instead of the crankshaft connecting rod) it is proposed to arrange a piston of small diameter (within 0.1 -0.15 m), moving in a piston chamber connected to the cavity of another, lower, Christmas tree and filled with diesel oil. The return of the (water) runoff of the upper "herringbone" is made by the previously indicated methods, and the oil in the cavity of the piston chamber and the lower "herringbone" moves up and down after the stroke of the piston. Here, of course, there are large losses in the piston group and losses due to counteraction of the pressure force of the oil column. But they can be reduced by the use of liquids with a low specific gravity, up to air.

One of such devices can be the device shown in Fig. 9, where 6 pairs of radially fixed pressure tubes (1) and (Ia) 1 meter long, with expansion nozzles (44), closed waterproof (air-conducting) net (45) with an air valve (46) equipped with a permanent magnet, opening when the spring-loaded cores of the exhaust valves (47 and 47a) and inlet run in sectors 0 ° (+ _10 °) and 90 ° (+ _10 °) (48 and 48a) on the stops fixed on the axis (43) in the above sectors (49 and 49a). These tubes through bearings (50 and 51) using gears (52,53,54,55) receive rotation in one direction due to ratchets (56 and 56a) from blocks (11) and (1 Ia), the axes of which are connected by gears ( 57 and 57a), as in Fig. 4, which in Fig. 9. The operation of the device is to create a torque on the axis (58) when moving the rods (40) and (40a) in antiphase due to a fixed shift of 6 pressure tubes (1) by 30 ° relative to the pressure tubes (Ia). The movement of the rod (40) is ensured by the pressure of the liquid poured into the tube cavity of the left and right parts of the device. When one of the 6 tubes (1) is in the 90 ° sector (+ Ю ° °), liquid is poured, squeezed out by the countercurrent rod (40a) of the right half of the device due to the blocks (11) and (l la) through the filling valve that opens at the same time inlet (48), and when the sector reaches 0 ° (+ _10 °), the liquid poured through the opening exhaust valve (47) creates in the left cavity, consisting of the nth number of series-connected chambers (7), a pressure that causes the walls to move chambers down, creates a force • F = SPn, where S is the area of the base of the cone of the chamber (m ² ),

P is the pressure corresponding to the total height of the liquid level (Pa), p is the number of chambers. At this moment, the air valve (46) opens due to the repulsive action of the same field fixed in this sector of the magnet.

The size of the height of the cone of each of the chambers in the stretched state of the “herringbone” is only a few mm or cm (depending on the elasticity of the material of the plates making up the chamber and the size of their area) from the condition of using minimal efforts to obtain elastic deformations. This is the gain in energy, since in addition to the increase in the total pressure force from the number of p-chambers, the path of displacement of this force L also increases p-times, which gives A = FLn ² . The volume of each of the nozzles (44) or (44a) at the ends of each of the tubes (1) and (Ia) is made equal to the maximum value of the variable volume of the chambers (7) and (7a). This ensures that they are filled again after 270 ° of rotation and, accordingly, drain through 360 ° when the valves (47 and 47a), (48 and 48a) run onto the stops (49 and 49a). Thus, the rotation of the tubes (1) and (Ia) with respect to one cycle of filling and emptying the chambers (7) and (7a) is 6 times slower, which is ensured by gears (52,53,54,55). A preliminary assessment (without taking into account friction losses) of the effectiveness of such a setup is determined at the maximum chamber membrane stroke L = 0.02m (working stroke Ln) and a head 1.1m (fluid height in the tube and the cavity of the setup) by calculating the difference in useful energy A _n for account of pressure forces and

, 1 п +0,5Ln2 -0,5Ln). Принимаем вес жидкости в оголовнике (44) каждой из труб и вес жидкости в левой или правой полости равными весу жидкости в камерах растянутой «ёлoчки», то-есть G=SlO п 0,5L, тогда F_ct=3 G= l,5S10⁴nL и F= S10⁴(l,ln +0,5Ln2 -0,5Ln) +i,5S10⁴nL, F= S10⁴(l,ln +0,5Ln²+Ln), отсюда A_n= S l 0⁴( 1,1 п +0,5Ln²+Ln) Ln= S104(l,ln² +0,5L²n³+L²n²). Подставив L=0,02, имеем A_n= S(224п²+2п³).,

, 1 p + 0.5Ln2 -0.5Ln). We take the weight of the liquid in the head end (44) of each of the pipes and the weight of the liquid in the left or right cavity equal to the weight of the liquid in the chambers of the stretched Christmas tree, that is, G = SlO p 0.5L, then F _ct = 3 G = l, 5S10 ⁴ nL and F = S10 ⁴ (l, ln + 0.5Ln2 -0.5Ln) + i, 5S10 ⁴ nL, F = S10 ⁴ (l, ln + 0.5Ln ² + Ln), hence A _n = S l 0 ⁴ (1.1 p + 0.5Ln ² + Ln) Ln = S104 (l, ln ² + 0.5L ² n ³ + L ² n ² ). Substituting L = 0.02, we have A _n = S (224п ² + 2п ³ ).

Let us estimate the costly work A ₃ = G Ln, where G = S10 ⁴ n 0.5L is the weight of the run-in, and L = l.l + 0.5Ln, A _s = S10 ⁴ n 0.5L (l.l + 0.5Ln ) = 110 Sp + 0.5 Sp ² .

, если посчитать достаточным положить мощность одной из половин утановки на преодоление сил трения и гидравлических потерь.Then A _pa = 224 Sp ² + ² Sp ³ --1 10 Sn -0.5 Sp ² = 223.5 Sp ² + ² Sp ³ --110 Sn and for n = l this is _Pa = l 15,5S, for p = 10 is A _pab = 23250S, for n = 100 is A = _pab 4,224,000 and S, respectively, S = 0.2 m ² _pab is A = 23, ldzh = 4650dzh = 844800dzh. The maximum power of the installation can be obtained at a cycle frequency with a frequency of, apparently, no more than 0.5 Hz. Then the expected power at n = 100

if deemed sufficient put the power of one of the halves of the installation to overcome friction and hydraulic losses.

In the case of applying the method of connecting the liquid working chambers not in series, as in the "herringbone", but in parallel, the following device variants are obtained, as in Fig. 10 with the arrangement of the camera blocks in a circle or linearly (Fig. 10a). Here, the cameras (7) are combined 10 pieces into blocks (64), 6 blocks in each of 16 sectors (65). The chamber (7) is a cavity made up of thin, elastic metal (or elastic plastic) discs welded around the perimeter and having in an unstressed state an entrance to ¹ A part of the perimeter 1 mm wide for liquid to flow. The input by welding is docked with a flat adapter (61), which, in turn, is docked with a single connector that combines all the disks of one sector (65) for a tight fit with one of the 2 transition cavities (66) that combine the working chambers of the same direction of expansion upon receipt liquids in them. The fluid enters the transition cavity from the switch (62). Through the inlet (48) and outlet (47) valves that open when the outputs of the corresponding tubes (1) run onto the pressure cams (49), mounted on a fixed axis (43). A design of 2 groups of pressure tubes (1) shifted by 30 ° with head (44) rotates on bearings (50) mounted on a fixed axis (43) due to the transmission of torque by gears (52 and 54) on the axis (63) toothed hoop (67). The moment of rotation on the gear (54) on a fixed axis (63) is obtained from linear vibrations (actually slightly curved along the perimeter of the outer working ring (60) connected to the common moving frame of the sector from the nth number of working chambers) 59 or 59a) having cutting teeth in sectorial or radial planes. The ogolovniki (44) on the outside are equipped with a waterproof mesh with an air valve (45) that opens when it runs onto the corresponding cam (68) on a stationary guard housing (2) in the cam sectors (49 and 49a).

The operation of the device is due to the filling of the chambers (7) of one of the halves of the device with liquid from the next pressure pipe (1), which is located during rotation of all 16 pipes (practically on the same axis) in the range of the inlet cam (48) of the left half of the device and the exhaust cam ( 47a) of the right half. At the same time, under the pressure of a 1 meter liquid column, the cavities of the working chambers (7) of all sectors of this half are filled in and the pressure force and gravity of the liquid arising from this force the carriage (60) of all sectors of this half to move with a flat gear fixed to it ( 59a) and thereby rotate the axle (63) at the expense of ratchet in one direction, and through it the entire assembly with tubes (1). At this moment, in the right half of the device, these carriages act compressively on the working chambers of the right side of the device and squeeze liquid out of them, flowing through the exhaust valve (47a) into the corresponding tube (1), filling the headband (44a) to failure. 1) forces the processes of the left and right halves to change and continue the rotation of the tubes, and through a linear gear (596) with vertically cut teeth through a gear (59a and 596) with ratchets, a unidirectional rotation of the gear on the output shaft (58) is obtained. Fundamentally, down to the smallest detail, the operation of the installation with linearly (Fig. 10a) working cameras is similar (7). Let's estimate the power of this installation. Let us set certain parameters: the size of the working chamber is D = 0.25m, the minimum size between the walls is 0.001m., The maximum is 0.003m., The thickness of the disks is 0.0002m. Then in one of the 8 sectors of one of the installation halves the arc size is equal to the working stroke of the sector, like all others, is 0.002m. x 60 = 0.12 m., head height 1.34 m (that is, the total vertical size of 2.7 m.), area of disks-S = 0.049 m., lateral force of one camera -F = 657n, all 480pcs -ΣF = 315360n ., hence A = 37843j. We put the energy generated by the right half of the installation equal to the cost energy, that is, efficiency = 0.5. Then for T = 2 sec. power of the installation is 18.9 kW. At a height of 2.7m. such an installation can be placed, except perhaps on a trolleybus, but the power is small. but there is a reserve for the horizontal dimension (in the case considered, it is 1.45 m., but the width of the trolleybus is 2.2 m.). Then the disk size of the camera can be increased up to 0.375 m., The number of working chambers - up to 1840 pieces (1 15 pieces per sector), and the working stroke up to 0.23 m. , disk area-S = 0.1 lm ^2. , pressure force F _cd = l YuOn., the total force of each part of the installation is F = 1012000n.

With a working stroke of 0.23m. and T = 2 sec. A = 232760J or 1 16.4 kW. However, with a discharge of 57.5 liters, with 16 pressure pipes this results in 2 tons of water. Therefore, such an installation is most likely applicable in stationary conditions.

Yield found in decreased installation with maximum use of the liquid due to failure of a large number of pressure pipes as in ris.l 1, with embodiments of ^'collecting containers in the form of a cylinder with a piston (68) or corrugated variable capacitance (69) and completely identical in other respects . In both installations, two tubes in the vertical plane with respect to the body (2) are used, for example, tubes (l) and (Ia) of height l meter, filled with liquid. The intake valves are screwed into them from below.

(48) -and (48a), in turn, mounted on top of the movable piston (68) or on the movable end (70) of the corrugated container (69). The piston (68) or end face (70) is tightly connected to the pressure center of the lowest membrane of the “herringbone” with a hollow rod (40), in which the rod (71) moves, abutting the upper end against the valve core (48), and the lower end into the wings ( 72) mounted on one axis with ratchet and gear (73). This axis is located on the rod (40) at the level of its upper position during the upward stroke so that the gear teeth (73) are in reliable engagement with the extreme position of the linear gear transmission (74) fixed in the wall of the housing opening (2)

(in other words, the lower end of the cylinder of the piston chamber or corrugated capacity), connecting the cavity of the piston chamber (or corrugated capacity) with the cavities of the working chambers (7) of the "Christmas tree". The ends of the rods (40 and 40a) are connected through a beam (75), on the axis of which there are gears (76) with ratchets to transmit a unilateral torque. At the base of the valves (48 and 48a) are pneumatic valves (77) for bleeding the dissolved gas released from the liquid.

The work of the left and right parts of the installation, as usual, is in antiphase. The liquid column of the pressure tube (1) with the valve open (48) forces the hollow stem (40) to move down, onto. which is fixed gear (73) with the wings (72), which due to engagement with the linear gear (74) begin to rotate. In this case, the core (rod) (71) slides its lower end along the convex part of the wings (72) and maintains the valve (48) open. If the rod (71) enters the recess of the wings (72), it closes the valve (48) and terminates the action of the fluid pressure force from the pressure tube (1). At this moment, the valve (48a) opens on the right side of the installation and the stem (40a) goes down, lifting up the moving part of the left half of the installation through the beam (75 and 75a) and blocks (11 and 1 Ia). Let us estimate the magnitude of the forces acting in this case, having set certain installation parameters: the working chamber disk 0.4m., Its area 0.1256m2, the maximum height of the cones that make up the working chamber 0.02m., Their number is 10, the head height is lm. The maximum volume of the cavity of the "herringbone" is V = V _per perm- + V _{0C tat} - ⁼ S ₃ 0.02m / 2xp + Sz 0.00 lm.x p = 0.0138m ³ . Obviously, V _3ma kc ⁼ V _2mak c, but V ₃ = S ₃ xδ / 2, V ₂ = S ₂ xδ, then S ₃ = 2S ₂ , and d ₂ = 0.7 dz = 0.32 m., We take equal to 0.01 m., see figure 5 in Fig. 1. The pressure force in the center of pressure of the "herringbone" F ₃ = Sz (h + δ) n 104 = 2S ₂ (h + δ) n 10 ⁴ . The pressure force acting upward on the piston, F ₂ = S ₂ hpl0 ⁴ . The gravity of the liquid can be ignored. As you can see, the force F ₃ more than doubles F ₂ and the resulting F = S ₂ hпl0 + 2Sгδпl0 ⁴ = 6530 (n) will cause the piston to go down, doing work A = FxO, 2m = 1306j. To overcome the friction forces and the weight of the moving part of the structure . 00001

In the work of this design, the behavior of the fluid in the pressure tube (1) is decisive. In the area of the lower cut of the tube (1) S _! = 0.785xl0 ⁴ m ² pressure P = IO ⁴ IIa, then F _τ py _bq ⁼ 0.785 (n). plus the same amount of gravity, just l, 57 (n), which indicates the lag of the liquid in the tube from the downward movement of the moving part of the structure. For the adopted parameters of the device, the output is used instead of a smooth tube - corrugated with a diameter of external rings of 0.14 m. and internal 0.01m. and a total length of 1 meter. Given this, the total weight of the liquid will be 280 (n), where 26 l is the weight of the liquid in the herringbone chamber and 154 l in the corrugated tube. Hence, the useful work will be A = 1250J or 2500xKPD (j) and can be used as an engine except on a bicycle. It is much more profitable to use it as a kind of “firing” installation for obtaining much greater power with the permissible dimensions and weight of the installation, for example, under the influence of the stroke of the rod in the installation with parallel cameras, discussed earlier. In it, at W = I 16.4 kW of power, the operating time is

0.0575 m ³ , therefore, with its working stroke of 0.12 m. the area of the buffer tank is 0.479 m ² and for displacing fluid from it with a pressure of 0, lit. (10 ⁴ Pa), a force of F = 0.0575 m ² xl0 ⁴ Pa = 575n is required. The installation under consideration develops a force of 6530n, that is, more than 10 times. This makes it possible to put such a twin installation as an engine on practically any vehicle, since the coefficient of use of the engine weight per l kW of energy is not higher than in a diesel engine.

Claims

CLAIM A.1. A diaphragm hydraulic unit with a rotating gravity device for filling containers of a continuous fluid circuit, characterized in that the fluid filling chamber during periodic inlet and outlet valves operating in antiphase consists of a rigid metal membrane, which is the base of the cone with a variable angle forming from 0 to 60 degrees, which varies depending on the magnitude of the liquid pressure in the chamber due to the use of corrugated plastic rubber material forming a cone or a set of annular pistons with a stepwise decreasing diameter of each, ground under the outer diameter of the subsequent one and so on to the diameter of the upper nozzle located below the valve fluid inlet at the lower end of the pipe of the installed liquid column and which is the body of the drain valve operating in antiphase with the inlet due to control through gear from the rotation of the axis of the block, transforming with the help of a chain transmission and a ratchet mechanism reciprocating movement of the base of the membrane two of the above-described membrane hydraulic units involved in antiphase, moreover, the discharge of liquid from the chambers of both membrane hydraulic units rises up into the sockets in the upper part of the liquid pressure pipes using a rotating gravity device, which is four crosswise mounted with an expanded part on the axis connected with the axis of the membrane unit of the hydraulic unit , blades, each of which is a hermetic cavity with a liquid poured inwards on one fourth of its volume, and having an arched contour of such a kind that the upper (or left) part of it is a straight line with a rounding at the end, while the lower (or right) part of the contour of the blade has a smooth convexity that is most curved in its middle part and when the lower part of the blade contours mentally until it closes with the beginning of the upper part (near the axis of rotation) of the part, it has a pocket directly under the axis that holds the liquid poured into the cavity at the moments when the blades of the upper sector of the circle of their rotation pass so that the center of gravity (pressure) of the liquid at moving along the described blade contour, constantly ensured the prevailing moment of forces of one selected by the profile of the blade contour direction, acting tangentially in the field of gravity on the wall of the left contours of the blades, over the other resulting from the pressure of the liquid on the right contour of the blade and thereby ensured continuous rotation, transferred to the conveyor belt with buckets fixed on it for lifting liquid to the level of the upper bell of the pressure pipes of the membrane hydraulic unit. Claim 2: A hydraulic unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotating gravitational device for filling the tanks of the continuous fluid circuit has blades not in the form of sealed cavities filled with liquid, but in the form of two rail-shaped metal guides for balls (or carriages) moving along in such a way that their center of gravity following the closed contour of these blades constantly ensures the prevailing moment of force of one selected by the profile of the direction contour, and thereby creates a continuous rotation Shaping of the blades on the axis. P.Z. A rotating gravitational device according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the sealed cavities of the blades are filled with metal balls with a liquid wetting them by one quarter of the volume. P.4. Hydraulic device for filling the capacity of a continuous fluid circuit to obtain torque, characterized in that it consists of two vertical with a bell at the ends of the liquid-filled pipes, in the lower end of which there are antiphase operating valves for the fluid inlet into the conical corrugated chamber with a rigid membrane at the base, which is rigidly connected to the linearly moving chain of the power take-off drive using a ratchet mechanism on the axis of the unit, as well as with a cylindrical air chamber membrane with a volume four times the volume of the liquid chamber, so that a portion of the liquid is activated due to the synchronized operation of the intake valves and release liquid and air drawdown both cameras due to the larger volume of air through the pipes extruded drawdown return fluid in the pipe sockets pressure generating N-pressure fluid. A.5. Hydro-power device for filling the capacity of a continuous fluid circuit to obtain torque according to claim 4, characterized in that the fluid chamber in it consists of a telescopic piston system. A.6. Self-rotating wheel, characterized in that it consists of a sealed, fluid-filled cavity, consisting of a hollow drum on an axis with a torque transmission gear, to which tubes of the same length are welded every 10-15 degrees, diverging in radii, at the ends of which there are hollow cones attached to the tubes at an angle of 90 degrees and fixed uniformly around the perimeter of the wheel rim with the one-sided orientation of the cones bases hermetically sealed along the outer edge of the opening of the plastic (rubber) bar birthmark. p. 7 A hydraulic device for converting gravitational force into torque energy, consisting of a liquid-filled H-pressure tube hermetically connected to an adapter, in which there are rotating inlet and drain valves, operating in antiphase and connected through a gear transmission to each other and to the unit, on which a cable is fixed, the lower end of which is connected with a eyebolt with a eyebolt, fixed in the center of pressure of the base of the cone (membrane), the truncated part of which is hermetically connected to the bottom hole a feeder through which a fluid enters the cavity of the cone (membrane chamber), which creates pressure in the chamber, causing an increase in the angle of inclination of the generatrix of the cone and thereby providing movement of the base of the cone, in the center of pressure of which the transmission rod is fixed to the pressure actuator, and if the pressure is reversed the course of the membrane due to the reverse rotation of the block and winding the cable with the liquid inlet valve closed from the H-pressure tube and opening the drain valve, a portion of the working fluid is drained membranes (discharges) into the filling tank, from which the liquid by the return system rises to the level of the upper pipe cut and drain into the expansion part of the neck. item 8. The hydraulic power device according to claim 1, characterized in that instead of one cone, several cones are used, located one below the other so that the holes of the base of the upper cone are hermetically connected to the truncated part of the lower cone, and the base (membrane) of the lowest cone in the center of pressure has a ring - a bolt for securing the cable from the adapter block, and the rod of force transmission to the actuating power device is fixed outside the center of pressure. Claim 9. The hydropower device according to Claim 2, characterized in that a piston is fixed to the force transmission rod of the force, which transfers forces from the upper “herringbone” to the cylinder cavity, which is associated with the volume equal to half a second, lower, “herringbone”, filled with low specific gravity. A.10. A gravitational hydro-power device that generates torque due to the pressure force arising when the valve is opened in one of the groups of fluid tubes fixed radially around the perimeter on a rotating hollow disk, when this valve runs onto a cam mounted on a fixed axis on which the block is fixed with ratchets providing rotation of the disc with tubes in one direction through lowering gears, the cable of which is fixed in the center of the membrane pressure of the nth number of toroidal chambers, sequentially and hermetically connected along the edges of the cut of their internal parts, creating pressure on the rod, transmitting torque through the crankshaft, and through the cable and block through converting gears transmitting the rotation of the same direction to a block of a similar device, but operating in antiphase due to the displacement of the disk with pressure tubes by 30 °. P.l 1. Gravity hydraulic power device according to p.l, characterized in that both halves of the device are integrated into it by fixing groups of pressure pipes with a shift of 30 on one hollow disk, but with separate switching of discharge and filling pressure valves the tubes of these groups, rotating due to the gear transmission of rotation from the output gear, receiving rotation from a linear gear having oscillatory motion due to rigid connection with the carriages of packets of each of the sectors, the movable part of which is connected to the outside power ring with linear gears fixed on it for power take-off, and the packages themselves consist of a set of working chambers consisting of elastic (metal) or elastic (plastic) discs welded around the perimeter and having openings on the inner end part for connection with flat, fluid-conducting , adapters and further tight connection due to the sealing rings with its group of pressure tubes on a rotating disk, and the group of packages of working chambers of one half of the sectors of the circle is filled with liquid b and emptied in antiphase in accordance with the commutation of the pressure tubes of the sectors of both halves shifted by 30 °. A.12. A gravitational hydro-power device for converting gravitational force into a torque due to a toroidal shape arising in series and hermetically connected working chambers, forming a common chamber in the form of a deeply corrugated cylinder, filled from a piston chamber connected to a corrugated pressure tube mounted on a piston having an opening associated with the cavity of this corrugated pressure tube through a shut-off valve controlled by a rod resting at one end in its core, and d other in the wings, fastened together with the gear on an axis fixed to the power rod, connecting the center of pressure of the power chamber membrane with the piston, which rotate as a result of engagement with a linear gear fixed at the edge of the bore in the lower, stationary part of the piston chamber, and thereby ensuring due to the configuration of the wings, the valve’s open position when the piston moves down and, conversely, the closed ._ position when it moves up, moreover, due to the connection between the rod end through the beam and the rod end similarly working in rotivophase installation and the cable with the blocks, the piston is lifted, with the separation of the piston cavity closed at the valve from the pressure tube in order to eliminate the counteraction of the pressure force of the liquid column in the pressure tube. A.13. Gravity hydraulic power device, which is a converter of energy of gravitational forces in torque, composed of a gravitational hydraulic power device according to claim 3 with 2 groups of pressure transmitting adapters to the actuating power device according to claim 2, which is two groups of working pressure chambers located on the corresponding operating antiphase carriages due to the connection to the opposite halves of the device according to item 3 through separate, supplying these groups of chambers, the pressure transmission capacities are filled nnye common with fluid chambers disposed either in a circle or linearly, and transmit their reciprocating oscillatory motion converted gears and ratchet mechanism into unidirectional rotation of the output shaft.