WO2008143662A1

WO2008143662A1 - Ballistic construction panel

Info

Publication number: WO2008143662A1
Application number: PCT/US2007/069017
Authority: WO
Inventors: John Hughes
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2007-05-16
Filing date: 2007-05-16
Publication date: 2008-11-27
Anticipated expiration: 2009-11-16

Abstract

A ballistic resistant construction panel having a series of elongated channels formed by coupling a corrugated member to adjacent planar wall members. These channels are filled with sand to provide the ballistic resistance of the panel. These panels are constructed of a fiber-reinforced plastic material and may be assembled together to form a temporaty shelter.

Description

BALLISTIC CONSTRUCTION PANEL

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present invention relates to structural panels used in construction and more particularly to ballistic resistant structural panels that can be assembled together to erect a shelter.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Temporary shelters differ from traditional permanent buildings or structures in that a temporary shelter must be portable and relatively easy to construct. This is particularly true when the shelters must be constructed to provide housing for a large number of people in a short amount of time. For example, during a military deployment or an emergency situation where an area's housing may be destroyed or made uninhabitable.

[0003] Additionally, conventional temporary shelters deployed in combat zones or other areas where violence may break out are often not resistant to high-velocity projectiles, gunfire and/or fragmentation shrapnel. Currently, the Middle East is one such dangerous area. The desert environment of the area poses additional dangers to personnel stationed there as the extreme temperatures must also be taken into account when erecting shelters.

[0004] Currently, temporary shelters are limited to traditional tents, which only offer limited protection against weather and to some pre-fabricated housing units which are no better than sheet-metal structures or cargo containers. These shelters offer little to no ballistic protection to their occupants. Additionally, with current shelters, deployment in certain environments, such as a desert, also highlights the fact that these shelters do not offer adequate thermal insulation.

[0005] Even if these shelters are ballistic resistant they usually achieve this resistance by using relatively expensive and exotic materials such as aramid fiber-based ballistic materials (e.g., Kevlar® or Nomex®) that are layered together to form panels. This protection also suffers from the drawback that every component of the panel must be manufactured at first location, stored at another, and then brought to the site, thereby increasing the logistical difficulties and expenses.

[0006] Other, less expensive, techniques of increasing the survivability of a structure include adding armor plating to the structure or surrounding the structure with earthworks, such as sandbags. Applying armor plating to existing conventional structures suffers from the drawback of lack of portability and high cost. While age-old earthen defenses offer a cheap means for increasing survivability and are readily available at the deployment location, the very high manual labor requirements of building earthworks around temporary structures is not desirable. Therefore, fortifying conventional structures using earthworks (e.g., sandbags) is not practical on a large scale.

[0007] Furthermore, the threat of terrorist activity, such as suicide- bombers, where an attack may occur from the inside of a structure may negate any armor or ballistic protection provided by the outer walls of a structure. There is therefore a need to provide a means to compartmentalize or cordon off areas within certain structures, e.g., command centers.

[0008] Presently, there exists a need to provide a means for constructing temporary shelters that have a high degree of ballistics protection (i.e., capable of stopping conventional small arms munitions) and that is portable and practical enough for rapid deployment and construction. It is particularly desirable to have a ballistically resistant temporary shelter which receives most of its protection from materials that are readily available at the location of deployment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The present invention is a construction panel having improved ballistic resistance and a method of using the construction panel to build a structure.

[0010] It is a first advantage of the present invention to provide a construction panel which is resistant to substantially any conventional small-arms munitions.

[0011] It is a second advantage of the present invention to provide a ballistic resistant construction panel which is light-weight and readily transportable.

[0012] It is a third advantage of the present invention to provide a ballistic resistant construction panel that may be modified to address the potential threat level by adding additional layers of protection. [0013] It is a fourth advantage of the present invention to provide a ballistic resistant construction panel that contains a earthen filler material, such as sand, that does not have to be shipped to a location as part of its ballistic protection.

[0014] It is a fifth advantage of the present invention to form a construction panel by coupling relatively thin and rigid sheets of fiber-reinforced plastic material together. These sheets include a generally waveform shaped corrugated member that is sandwiched between two planar sheets. The corrugated member's shape creates a plurality of elongated channels along the panel and these channels are reinforced against ballistic attack by filling them with a solid filler material, such as sand.

[0015] It is a sixth advantage of the invention to provide a ballistic construction panel including a plurality of generally planar and rigid structural sheets. The sheets include an inner-most sheet and an outer-most sheet and wherein each of the sheets is disposed parallel to each other. At least one rigid corrugated member is disposed between each adjacent sheet and is coupled to these adjacent sheets. The corrugated member and adjacent sheets cooperate to define a plurality of elongated cells. A reinforcing filler material is disposed within and fills the plurality of cells.

[0016] It is a seventh advantage of the present invention to provide a ballistic wall panel including a layered fiber-reinforced plastic construction panel that has a corrugated inner member between planar sheets. These sheets and corrugated member form vertical cells which are filled with sand. The wall panel further includes a channel-shaped sill that caps the bottom of the wall panel and prevents the sand from leaking out of the bottom of the wall panel.

[0017] It is an eighth advantage of the present invention to provide a method of making a ballistic construction panel by coupling a corrugated member between a pair of rigid planar sheet of fiber-reinforced plastic and filling the channels between the corrugated member and sheets with a readily available material, such as sand.

[0018] These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description when viewed in accordance with the accompanying drawings and appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a ballistic construction panel;

[0020] FIG. 2 is a top view of the construction panel illustrated in FIG. 1 , the panel is shown retaining the ballistic reinforcing filler material, sand;

[0021] FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the construction panel of FIGs. 1 and 2;

[0022] FIG. 4 is a partial top view of the construction panel of FIGs. 1 -3 and shows means for coupling the panel components together;

[0023] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of a ballistic construction panel;

[0024] FIG. 6 is a top view of an yet another alternate embodiment of a ballistic construction panel having a layer of insulation; [0025] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an another alternate embodiment of a ballistic construction panel, this embodiment is a wall panel and includes flexible flaps that extend from the outer and inner sheets;

[0026] FIG. 8 is a partial top view illustrating how two ballistic construction wall panels shown in FIG. 7 are coupled together;

[0027] FIG. 9 is a sectional side view of a ballistic construction panel coupled to a ground-mounted sill member;

[0028] FIG. 10 is a partial cut-away perspective view of two ballistic construction wall panels disposed within a sill member;

[0029] FIG. 11 is sectional side view of a structure constructed of ballistic construction wall panels;

[0030] FIG. 12 is an partial sectional side view of a wall panel coupled to a roof panel;

[0031] FIG. 13 is a partial perspective cut-away view of the wall panel and roof panels of FIGs. 1 1 and 12;

[0032] FIG. 14 is a partial perspective view of an alternate embodiment of a structure constructed of ballistic construction panels; and

[0033] FIG. 15 is a partial side view of an alternate means for coupling adjacent panels and corrugated members.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

[0034] Referring now to FIGs. 1 -3, there is shown a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown, a ballistic construction panel 10 includes an inner sheet member 12, an outer sheet member 14, and a middle sheet member 16. These sheets 12, 14, 16 are relatively thin, rigid, and planar and are disposed parallel to each other. A corrugated member is disposed between adjacent sheets. In the preferred embodiment, there are three sheets and therefore there are two corrugated members 18, 20. Corrugated member 18 is disposed between and abuts sheets 12 and 16 while corrugated member 20 is disposed between and abuts sheets 14 and 16. In this manner, a layered or sandwich arrangement is produced having alternating layers of a sheet, then a corrugated member, then a sheet, etc. By abutting the corrugated members 18, 20 to the planar sheets 12-16 a plurality of enclosed cells or channels 21 , 22 are formed within the panel 10. These cells 21 , 22 are filled with a solid granular filler material 24, such as sand.

[0035] In the preferred embodiment, cells 21 , 22 are filled with sand as it is readily available and therefore does not have to be transported with the sheets 12-16 and corrugated members 18, 20. In other embodiments, the cells 21 , 22 may be filled with substantially any available filler material. For example and without limitation, the sand could be supplemented or replaced with almost any pourable solid earthen material such as gravel, crushed stone or they may be filled with a conventional pourable construction material like concrete.

[0036] Each sheet 12-16 is approximately 1/16 in. (1.5 mm) thick and can be substantially any length or height. The length and width are dependent on the particular application the panel 10 is intended for. For example, in the wall panel described below, the sheets are approximately 12 to 16 feet long and 7 to 8 feet high.

[0037] Each sheet 12-16 is formed from a strong lightweight material that can be processed in a manner which enables a single homogeneous sheet to have certain portions that are rigid, while other portions of the sheet are relatively flexible. The sheets are formed from a fiber-reinforced plastic material. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the sheets are a fiber-reinforced thermoplastic material. The process of causing such a material to become rigid (i.e., inflexible) is generally called consolidation and a rigid plastic material will, for purposes of this description, be called consolidated, while the still flexible plastic material will be called unconsolidated. One such consolidation process is achieved by running a sheet of thermoplastic or thermosetting material through a machine which applies heat and/or infrared radiation and pressure to the sheet. A portion of the sheet that is protected from one or more of these energies will allow that portion to remain unconsolidated and flexible. One example of such a fiber-reinforced thermoplastic material is commercially available from Saint- Gobain Vetrotex America in Shelby, Michigan and marketed under the trademark "Twintex".

[0038] Another benefit of using a fiber-reinforced thermoplastic material such as TWINTEX®, is that these materials partially "self-heal" when punctured. That is, the material at the point of puncture deforms upon penetration, but partially returns back to its original location after the projectile passes through. So any ballistic projectile passing through a layer of such a material, such as outer sheet 14 will leave a hole that is smaller than the projectile. The resulting hole will allow little to no filler material 24 from escaping out of the sheet 14.

[0039] In other embodiments, the fiber-reinforced plastic material is a fiber-reinforced thermosetting plastic or composite material.

[0040] As shown in FIG. 2, the corrugated members 18, 20 are rigid corrugated sheets of homogenous material that have a uniform cross-section that is shaped as a repeating waveform. The waveform shape is created by manipulating a sheet similar to sheets 12-16 into the desired shape through conventional processes.

[0041] This waveform pattern creates two opposite facing sets of front and rear faces or webs portions 26, 28. The front faces 26 are all substantially co-planar with each other, thereby cooperatively providing a front surface 30. Similarly, the rear faces 28 are all substantially co-planar with each other, thereby cooperatively providing a rear surface 32. In the preferred embodiment, the corrugated members 18, 20 have a waveform cross-sectional shape of a trapezoid wave. That is, each corrugated member 18, 20 has a planar web or face 26 and a cross-piece 29 which projects from the face 26 toward an adjacent web or face 28. Face 28 is parallel to face 26. In the preferred embodiment, the trapezoid waveform profile is achieved by each interconnecting cross-piece 29 forming an obtuse internal angle with the two faces 26, 28 it connects. In other embodiments, this angle may be acute (where portions of adjacent faces 26, 28 would overlap) or 90 degrees. As a result of the trapezoidal shape, the faces 26, 28 are flat. The surfaces 30, 32 thereby present a generally flat surface. [0042] The waveform cross-section of the corrugated members defines a series of generally concave channels 34 which span across each member 18, 20. Each channel 34 faces in the opposite direction to the channel 34 adjacent to it. While a trapezoid waveform has been described for the cross-sectional shape of the corrugated members 18, 20, it should be appreciated that corrugated members 18, 20 may have different cross-sectional shapes.

[0043] In the embodiment shown, the corrugated members have a uniform material thickness of approximately 5/64 in. (2 mm). The waveform repeats every six inches (e.g., each surface 26 is six inches away from the adjacent surface 26). The waveform has a height (i.e., the normal distance from surface 26 to surface 28) of approximately four inches. In this embodiment, each surface 26, 28 is approximately one inch across. The corrugated members 18, 20 are approximately the same size in length and height as the sheets 12-16. It should be appreciated that the dimensions provided above are for the preferred embodiment of the invention, but that the sizes and dimensions may vary.

[0044] Each corrugated member 18, 20 is formed from a material having similar properties as the sheets 12-16. In the preferred embodiment, the corrugated members 18, 20 are formed from the same fiber-reinforced plastic material as the sheets.

[0045] As shown in FIG. 4, the sheets 12-16 are coupled to the corrugated members 18, 20 by conventional fastening means. These fastening means can be mechanical fasteners, such as screws, complementary nuts and bolts or rivets, or through an adhesive material. [0046] The rear surface 32 (i.e., each face 28) of corrugated member 18 is abutted to the inner sheet 12 flatwise. Conventional fastening means (e.g., mechanical fasteners, adhesives, hook and pile arrangements) couple the sheet 12 and corrugated member 18 together at faces 28. In the preferred embodiment, reusable mechanical fasteners (e.g., nuts and bolts) are used to couple the sheets 12-16 to the corrugated members 18, 20 to allow the panel 10 to be disassembled.

[0047] The middle sheet 16 is placed in flatwise abutting arrangement against the front surface 30 of the corrugated member 18. As shown in FIG. 4, the other corrugated member 20 is first abutted against the opposite side of sheet 16 prior to coupling the members 18, 20 and sheet 16 together at their abutting surfaces 26, 28. The channels 34 of both corrugated members 18, 20 are oriented parallel to each other to aid in filling them with sand 24. By first placing the second corrugated member 20 with the sheet 16, prior to fastening, fewer fasteners are required to assemble the panel 10. To facilitate this coupling technique with conventional hardware (e.g., screws), the front faces 26 of member 18 must be aligned with the rear face 28 of member 20 to allow a single fastener to pass through both faces 26 and 28.

[0048] Lastly, the outer sheet 14 is coupled to the front face 26 of corrugated member 20 in the same manner as that described above for sheet 12 and member 16. [0049] Preferably, each face 26, 28 that abuts a sheet receives a fastener. Multiple fasteners are used along each face 26, 28 at approximately one foot intervals.

[0050] In the preferred embodiment, the outer-most fasteners 36 are formed from a relatively soft material such as plastic or nylon to prevent jacketed armor-piercing ammunition from hitting a hard surface (e.g., a metal bolt head), thereby destroying the soft metal outer jacket and allowing the internal penetrator to continue on. The inner-most and middle fasteners 38 can be made of metal (or other material) to reduce cost. Some conventional fasteners, like bolts, require holes to be formed in the sheets 12-16 and corrugated members 18, 20. It should be appreciated that these apertures can be either pre-formed into the panels or drilled at the construction site.

[0051] Referring now to FIG. 5, an alternate embodiment of the invention is illustrated. Ballistic construction panel 50 is substantially the same as panel 10, however only two sheets 12, 14 and one corrugated member 18 are layered together. As is partially shown, the cells 21 are filled with sand 24. In this embodiment the panel 50 is approximately half as thick as panel 10 and therefore requires less components and is easier to construct and transport, but offers less ballistic protection due to the reduced amount of sand 24 and lower number of sheets and corrugated members.

[0052] Another alternate embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 6 where a ballistic construction panel 60 that is substantially the same as panel 10 includes a layer or panel 62 of thermally insulative material. This insulation 62 is coupled flatwise against the rigid wall section 13 of the panel 10 that is intended to face toward the inside of a structure. In the embodiment shown, insulation 62 is an expanded polystyrene foam board having an insulative R-value within the approximate range of 2 to 7 per inch of thickness. As shown, the insulation 62 is approximately four inches thick and is coupled to the wall 13 by conventional means.

[0053] Referring now to FIG. 7 another alternate embodiment of the invention is illustrated. Ballistic construction panel 1 10 is substantially the same as panel 10, however the inner sheet 1 12 and outer sheet 1 14 differ from sheets 12, 14.

[0054] Particularly, in this embodiment, the inner and outer sheets 1 12, 1 14 include additional flexible unconsolidated portions or flaps 116, 1 18 which extend beyond the rigid wall-like portion of the sheets. An attachment portion or section 120, 122 of additional rigid material extends from the respective flexible portions 1 16, 1 18. That is, sheet 1 12 includes a first rigid wall section 113 that is sized to substantially cover an abutting corrugated member 18, a flexible portion 1 16 which operates as a flap, and a second rigid attachment section 120. Similarly, sheet 1 14 includes a first rigid wall section 115 that is larger in both height and length than an abutting corrugated member 20, a flexible portion 1 18 which operates as a flap, and a second rigid attachment section 122. Each flap 1 16, 118 and its respective attachment section 120, 122 spans the entire length of the sheet 1 12, 114. The outer-most sheet 1 14 extends beyond the height of the rest of the panel 1 10 at least a distance equal to the overall thickness of the panel 1 10 (e.g., at least 8 in.). Flaps 1 16, 1 18 may only extend as far as necessary to allow the attachment sections 120, 122 to angle away from the first wall section 1 13, 1 15 (e.g., approximately equal to the thickness of the sheets

1 12, 1 14). In other embodiments, the flexible sections may extend much further from the sheet 1 12, 1 14 for a particular application. Attachment section 120 extends approximately six inches from its flexible portions, while attachment section 122 extends at least as far as the overall thickness of the panel 1 10 and is preferably within the range of 8 to 16 inches.

[0055] As shown in FIGs. 7 and 8, the outer-most and inner-most sheets 1 12, 1 14 may have flaps substantially the same as those described above, but disposed along the side edges of the sheets 1 12, 1 14. That is, inner sheet 1 12 may include a flexible portion 124 and an attachment portion 126, while outer sheet 1 14 may include a flexible portion 128 and an attachment portion 130. These flaps 124, 128 and attachment portions 126, 130 extend out from their respective sheets 1 12, 1 14 and allow rigid attachment portions 126, 130 to angle away from the planar rigid first wall sections 1 13, 1 15. Additionally, these portions 124-130 all are the same height as their respective wall section

1 13, 1 15. As best shown in FIG. 8, the outer sheet 1 14, middle sheet 16, and corrugated members 18, 20 extend beyond the wall section 1 13 of inner sheet 1 12 on both sides of the panel 1 10. Particularly, the outer sheet 1 14 extends the furthest and the remaining extended portions extend less and less. In this manner, the two side edges of the panel 1 10 are shaped at approximately 45 degree angles to allow an adjacent panel 1 10 to complete a 90 degree bend when they are abutted together. Flaps 124, 128 allow the attachment portions 126, 130 to abut the adjacent panel's outer and inner sheets to provide a location for the two panels to be coupled together.

[0056] Additionally, the embodiment shown in FIG. 7 also includes another flexible flap 132 that projects from the side edge of attachment portion 122. The flap 132 is coupled to another rigid attachment portion 134. As shown, flap 132 and portion 134 are located on the same side of panel 1 10 as flap 128 and attachment portion 130.

[0057] Referring now to FIGs. 9 and 10, a sill 150 is shown in operational relationship with a construction panel 10, 1 10 being used as a wall panel. Sill member 150 has a generally channel-shaped cross-section having a web 152 and two upright flanges 154, 156. Sill 150 is preferably made from a metal or rigid plastic material, and is preferably a galvanized or non-corrosive metal. The flanges 154, 156 are parallel to each other and are spaced apart a distance which is equal to the overall thickness of the panel 10, 1 10. In the preferred embodiment, this distance is approximately eight inches. Each flange 154, 156 extends approximately four inches from the web 152.

[0058] Sill 150 is made up of elongated channels which, when interconnected, forms an endless annular channel that defines the perimeter of a temporary structure. Web 152 is placed onto the ground 157 with the two flanges 154, 156 projecting vertically. Anchoring hardware 160 may be used to hold the sill 150 down to the ground 157. Once a panel, such as panel 10, is disposed within the sill 150 the ballistic reinforcing filler material 24 may be poured into the panel 10 without the material 24 leaking out of the bottom. Sill 150, therefore acts as a cap or retaining member that cooperates with the inner and outer sheets 12, 14 to retain the material.

[0059] In other embodiments, sill 150 may be further employed to enclose or cap the sides and/or top of a panel 10 thereby creating a freestanding panel 10 which will not leak sand 24 after it has been filled.

[0060] Sill 150 may also include a floor containment channel 161 which is shaped as a second annular channel that projects orthogonally from the inner flange 154. This channel 161 provides a spot to anchor a flooring material 162 to the panels 10, 50, 60, 1 10 through the sill 150. The channel is sized to accept conventional boards or planks, such as two inch thick boards. In one non-limiting embodiment, the floor 162 is formed from a pair of sheets similar to sheets 12, 14 that cover a honeycomb configured grid. These sheets and grid may be formed from the same material as the sheets 12-16 and members 18, 20.

[0061] A ballistic resistant temporary structure, such as the exemplary structure 180 shown in FIG. 1 1 , may be constructed through the coupling of a plurality of ballistic construction panels 10, 1 10. Initially, the ground 157 is leveled and a sill 150 is anchored to the ground. The sill 150 defines the perimeter of structure 180. If desired, a sill having floor retaining channels 161 may be used and flooring 162 may be placed within the channels 161 which project inwardly from the inner flange 154. [0062] Wall panels, such as panels 1 10 are oriented with their cells 21 , 22 facing vertically and are placed within the sill 150 between the flanges 154, 156 with the horizontal flexible portions 1 16, 1 18 running along their top edges.

[0063] Where wall panels 1 10 intersect, they are coupled together as described above. After the walls 1 10 are coupled together, a roof panel, such as a panel 10, which is sized to span across opposing inner sheets 1 12 of the structure 180 is then placed on top of the walls 1 10. As shown in FIG. 1 1 , two of the opposing walls 1 10 may be of different heights. This allows any water or rain to pour off of the roof panel. In addition to the rain removal benefit, the angled roof facilitates pouring of sand 24 into the empty cells 21 , 22 of the roof panel.

[0064] Referring now to FIGs. 1 1 -13, the panel 10 that is used for the roof is coupled to the wall panels 1 10 by folding the flexible portions 116, 118 and coupling the horizontal attachment sections 120, 122 to the inner and outer sheets 12, 14 of the panel 10. As shown in FIG. 13, once attachment portion 122 is coupled to the roof panel 10 and is in a generally horizontal position, flap 132 is folded down along the outer surface of sheet 1 15 of the adjacent and perpendicular wall. Attachment portion 134 is then coupled to outer sheet 1 15. A portion of the attachment portion 134 covers the vertically disposed side attachment portion 130 that couples the two adjacent walls together.

[0065] It should be appreciated that the outer attachment section 122 of the taller wall panel (shown on the right side of FIG. 1 1 ) is left uncoupled to the roof to allow sand 24 to be poured down into the cells 21 , 22 of the roof and into the void defined by the outer sheet 114, attachment section 122, and the top of the opposing shorter wall panel.

[0066] Once all of the wall panels 1 10 and roof panel are coupled together the cells 21 , 22 of the panels 10, 110 can be filled with sand 24. In this regard, the horizontal flexible portions 1 18 and attachment sections 122 may be braced in a position to act as a funnel and direct the sand 24 being poured into the panels 1 10. To reduce the time needed to fill panels 10, 1 10, earth-moving equipment, such as front-end loaders, may be used to pour large amounts of sand 24 into the panel or panels. The fluid nature of dry sand will cause it to fill in and take the shape of the cells 21 , 22.

[0067] Once the roof is filled with sand, the last attachment section 122 may be coupled to the roof panel. In this manner, the walls 1 10 and roof panel cooperate to define an enclosed living space 182 for the shelter 180.

[0068] In another embodiment, the walls 1 10 are filled with sand prior to placing the roof panel on top of the walls.

[0069] It should be appreciated that at least one of the wall panels 1 10 includes an entryway and possibly windows. To create such passages, portions of the wall merely need to be cut out from a wall panel. Caps, similar to sill 150, may be used to enclose the exposed inner areas of the wall panel 1 10 and thereby retain the sand within the wall.

[0070] Referring now to FIG. 14, another exemplary structure 200 is shown. This structure 200 is simpler in design than structure 180 and is generally configured as a pup-tent. Structure 200 includes a pair of construction panels 201 , 202 that are similar to panels 50 described above. Panel 201 include unconsolidated flaps 204 and 205. Flap 204 runs along the long side of panel 201 , while flap 205 runs along a short side. Two rigid attachment portions 206, 208 project out of flexible flaps 204, 205.

[0071] Panels 201 , 202 are angled toward each other and coupled together at attachment portion 206 to form an inverted "V" shape on the ground. A third triangular shaped panel 210 having a construction similar to panel 50 may be included and is sized to fit between the two coupled panels 201 , 202 effective to close off one of the ends of structure 200. Attachment portions, such as portion 208 are coupled to this panel 210. Solid filler material 24 is placed within the cells of panels 201 , 202, 210 in a manner similar to that described above.

[0072] The end 214 opposite to panel 210 is left open to allow access to the enclosed space 216. In this embodiment, structure 200 is sized to allow one or two adults to lay side by side within space 216.

[0073] Referring now to FIG. 15, an alternate embodiment of the means for coupling adjacent panels and corrugated members is illustrated. A sheet 312 and a corrugated member 318 are provided. The sheet 312 and member 318 are identical in all respects except for those delineated below to the sheets and corrugated members described above (e.g., sheet 12 and corrugated member 18). Instead of coupling them together with conventional fasteners, however, sheet 312 includes a plurality of tabs 320 that first extends out from the sheet 312 and then turn parallel to the sheet 312. The corrugated member 318 includes an indented portion 322 on the face 323, which is analogous to face 28 of member 18. The tab 320 and indented portion 322 are integrally formed with their respective sheets 312 and corrugated members 318.

[0074] The indented portion 322 creates a space or gap 324 between the surface of portion 322 and the plane of face 323. The bottom of indented portion 322 includes an aperture 326 which is sized to receive the tab 320. Gap 324 is likewise sized to allow the entire tab 320 to fit within the gap 324. To couple the sheet 312 and corrugated member 318 together, tab 320 is first positioned within the gap 324 and then tab 320 is inserted through aperture 326, thereby interconnecting the sheet and corrugated member. It should be appreciated that a plurality of these connecting members 320, 322 are provided along the length and height of respective sheets and corrugated members to further increase the strength of the interconnection.

[0075] From the foregoing description, one skilled in the art will readily recognize that the present invention is directed to a ballistic object resistant construction panel, a structure utilizing such a construction panel, and methods for forming the same. While the present invention has been described with particular reference to various preferred embodiments, one skilled in the art will recognize from the foregoing discussion and accompanying drawing and claims that changes, modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof as defined in the following claims.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A construction panel comprising: at least one corrugated member; at least two generally planar sheet members, wherein one of said at least corrugated member is sandwiched between two of said sheet members; and a solid filler material which fills a plurality of channels formed by said sandwiched corrugated member and sheet members.

2. The construction panel of claim 1 wherein said at least one corrugated member and said sheet members are formed from a generally rigid fiber- reinforced plastic material.

3. The construction panel of claim 2 wherein an outer-most sheet member includes a flexible portion which extends from an edge of said sheet member.

4. The construction panel of claim 2 wherein said at least one corrugated member is two corrugated members and said at least two sheet member is three sheet members.

5. A ballistic construction panel comprising: a plurality of generally planar and rigid structural sheets, said plurality of sheets including an inner-most sheet and an outer-most sheet and wherein each of said plurality of sheets are disposed parallel to each other; at least one rigid corrugated member, wherein a corrugated member is disposed between each adjacent sheet and is coupled to said adjacent sheets, said corrugated member and adjacent sheets cooperate to define a plurality of elongated cells; and a reinforcing filler material which is disposed within and fills said plurality of cells.

6. The ballistic construction panel of claim 5 wherein said filler material is sand.

7. The ballistic construction panel of claim 5 wherein said plurality of sheets and said at least one rigid corrugated member are formed from a fiber-reinforced plastic material.

8. The ballistic construction panel of claim 5 wherein said at least one corrugated member has a cross-section shaped as a trapezoid waveform.

9. The ballistic construction panel of claim 5 further comprising a thermal- insulating sheathing panel that is secured flatwise to said inner-most sheet on the side opposite to said corrugated member.

10. The ballistic construction panel of claim 7 wherein said fiber-reinforced plastic material is a fiber-reinforced thermoplastic material.

1 1. The ballistic construction panel of claim 7 wherein at least one of said plurality of sheets is a flexible sheet, said flexible sheet comprising: a first generally rectangular rigid portion, wherein said plastic material has been consolidated, said first portion having a certain length and height; a flexible portion that extends from and runs the length of said first portion, wherein said plastic material has not been consolidated; and a second rigid portion that extends from and runs the length of said flexible portion, wherein said plastic material has been consolidated.

12. The ballistic construction panel of claim 1 1 wherein said ballistic construction panel has a uniform width and said flexible portion extends from said first portion a distance that is greater than said width of said ballistic construction panel.

13. The ballistic construction panel of claim 12 wherein said outer-most sheet is a flexible sheet

14. The ballistic construction panel of claim 1 1 wherein said flexible portion is a first flexible portion, said flexible sheet further comprising: a second flexible portion that extends from and runs the height of said first portion, wherein said plastic material has not been consolidated; and a third rigid portion that extends from and runs the height of said second flexible portion, wherein said plastic material has been consolidated.

15. A ballistic wall panel comprising: a channel-shaped cross-section sill having a web and two opposing upright flanges on opposite ends of said web, said sill being disposed on the ground; a construction panel comprising: an inner sheet of fiber-reinforced plastic material; an outer sheet of fiber-reinforced plastic material; and a corrugated member of fiber-reinforced plastic material having a plurality of channels extending along its height, said corrugated member being disposed between said inner and outer sheets; wherein said construction panel is disposed within said sill, said inner and outer sheets being in facial contact with one of said sill flanges and said channels being oriented vertically; a reinforcing filler material which is disposed within and fills said plurality of channels; whereby said web cooperates with said sheets and said corrugated member to retain said reinforcing material within said construction panel.

16. The ballistic wall panel of claim 15, wherein said corrugated member is a first corrugated member, said construction panel further comprises: a second corrugated member which is identical to said first corrugated member, said second corrugated member being disposed between said inner and outer sheets; and a middle sheet of fiber-reinforced plastic material, said middle sheet is disposed between said first and second corrugated members.

17. The ballistic wall panel of claim 15 wherein said outer sheet further comprises: a first generally rectangular rigid portion, wherein said plastic material has been consolidated, said first portion having a certain length and height; a flexible portion that extends from and runs the length of said first portion, wherein said plastic material has not been consolidated; and a second rigid portion that extends from and runs the length of said flexible portion, wherein said plastic material has been consolidated.

18. The ballistic wall panel of claim 17 wherein said flexible portion is a first flexible portion, said outer sheet further comprising: a second flexible portion that extends from and runs the height of said first portion, wherein said plastic material has not been consolidated; and a third rigid portion that extends from and runs the height of said second flexible portion, wherein said plastic material has been consolidated.

19. The ballistic wall panel of claim 15 wherein said corrugated member has a trapezoid waveform cross-section which includes a plurality of parallel faces which abut an adjacent sheet flatwise.

20. A building structure having improved ballistic resistance, said building structure comprising: a plurality of ballistic wall panels, each of which comprising: at least one corrugated member having vertically disposed channels; and at least two parallel spaced sheet members, wherein an outer-most and inner-most sheet member each include a rigid wall section, a flexible wall-mating edge and a flexible roof-mating edge, said at least one corrugated member being sandwiched between adjacent sheet members; a sill, wherein said sill is disposed on the ground and is an endless annular channel extending around to define a perimeter of said building structure wherein said wall panels are disposed within said sill; wherein a wall panel is coupled to an adjacent wall by fastening said outer-most sheet's flexible wall-mating edge to said adjacent wall panel's outer sheet rigid section and by fastening said inner-most sheet's flexible wall-mating edge to said adjacent wall panel's inner sheet rigid section; at least one ballistic roof panel, said roof panel comprising: at least one corrugated member; and at least two parallel spaced rigid sheet members, said at least one corrugated member being sandwiched between adjacent sheet members; wherein said at least one roof panel is disposed spanning across opposing wall panels and wherein each wall panel is coupled to an abutting roof panel by fastening said outer-most sheet's flexible roof-mating edge to said roof panel's outer sheet and by fastening said inner-most sheet's flexible roof-mating edge to said roof panel's inner sheet; and a reinforcing filler material which is disposed within and fills said wall panels and said at least one roof panels.

21. The building structure of claim 20 wherein said sheet members and said corrugated members are formed from a fiber-reinforced plastic material.

22. The building structure of claim 20 wherein said roof-mating edges and said wall-mating edges include a first flexible portion and a second rigid fastening portion which extends from said flexible portion.

23. The building structure of claim 21 wherein said sheet members and said corrugated members are formed from a fiber-reinforced plastic material and wherein said rigid portion is a consolidated fiber-reinforced plastic material and said flexible portion is a non-consolidated fiber-reinforced plastic material.

24. A method of forming a ballistic construction panel, said method comprising the steps of: providing at least two rigid planar sheets of fiber-reinforced plastic material, wherein one of said sheets is an inner sheet and one of said sheets is an outer sheet; coupling a corrugated member of fiber-reinforced plastic material between each adjacent sheet, whereby a plurality of channels are formed between said sheets and said corrugated member; and filling said plurality of channels with a reinforcing filler material.

25. The method of claim 24 further comprising the step of enclosing a bottom edge of said sheets and said corrugated member with a sill member, thereby retaining said filler material within said panel.

26. The method of claim 24 wherein said channels are oriented vertically and wherein said step of filling said plurality of channels comprises the step of pouring said filler material down into said plurality of channels.

27. The method of claim 24 further comprising the step of coupling a thermal- insulating sheathing panel that is secured flatwise to said inner sheet on the side opposite to said corrugated member.

28. The method of claim 24 wherein said step of coupling said corrugated member between adjacent sheets comprises the steps of: abutting a first portion of said corrugated member flatwise to a first of said sheets; coupling said corrugated member to said first sheet through said abutted portion; abutting a second of said sheets flatwise to a second portion of said corrugated member; and coupling said second sheet to said corrugated member through said abutted second portion.

29. A method of constructing a temporary shelter having improved ballistic resistance, said method comprising the steps of: forming a plurality of wall panels formed of fiber-reinforced plastic material by sandwiching a corrugated member between a pair of adjacent parallel sheets, wherein said corrugated member and said sheets define a first plurality of elongated cells and wherein an outer-most sheet and inner-most sheet include vertical and horizontal non-consolidated flexible edges; forming a roof panel of fiber-reinforced plastic material by sandwiching a corrugated member between a pair of adjacent parallel sheets, wherein said corrugated member and said sheets define a second plurality of elongated cells; standing said wall panels vertically, whereby said horizontal flexible edges are disposed along an upper-most edge; coupling said vertical flexible edges to an adjacent wall panel by bending said vertical flexible edges around each corner of adjacent wall panels; disposing said roof panel onto said wall members, whereby said roof panel spans opposing wall panels; coupling said inner-most horizontal flexible edges to said roof panel by bending said inner-most horizontal flexible edges to contact a bottom surface of said roof panel to hold said wall panels square and plumb; filling all of said wall panels with sand; coupling all but one of said outer-most horizontal flexible edges to said roof panel by bending said outer-most horizontal flexible edges over said roof panel; filling said roof panel with sand; and coupling a last outer-most horizontal flexible edge to said roof panel, thereby sealing said sand within said wall panels and said roof panel.

30. The method of claim 29 further comprising the steps of: forming an endless annular channel which defines an outer perimeter of said shelter by abutting elongated channel sections together; and inserting said wall panels within said annular channel, whereby said horizontal flexible edges are disposed along the edge opposite to said annular channel.

31. The method of claim 29 further comprising the step of coupling a plurality of thermal-insulating sheathing panels to said inner-most sheets on the side opposite to said corrugated member.

32. The method of claim 29 wherein said outer-most horizontal flexible edges include a supplementary vertical flexible edge, said method further comprising the step of: bending said supplementary vertical flexible edge around an adjacent wall panel after said outer-most horizontal flexible edge is coupled to said roof; and coupling said supplementary vertical flexible edge to said adjacent wall panel.