CN1109168C - Bricks for hollow buildings and protective walls made of them - Google Patents

Abstract

A lightweight, hollow building block (2, 10) for forming a partition wall (1) having impact resistance and gas penetration resistance, comprising opposed, spaced apart wall panels (12, 14, 32, 34) connected by bridging elements (16) forming horizontal and vertical spaces (13, 19, 40), characterized in that: the wall panels (12, 14, 32, 34) are formed from a mixture of mineralized wood strands and concrete, and have a density of no more than 1 ton/cubic meter, and the bridging element (16) is an element that prevents gas penetration.

Description

Bricks for hollow buildings and protective walls made of them

field of invention

This invention relates to hollow building bricks, and more particularly to building structures for protection against bomb blasts and walls for preventing gas penetration.

Background of the invention

Typically bomb shields are steel reinforced concrete structures, usually constructed above or below ground, with considerable thickness and reinforced concrete walls. However, a disadvantage of conventional bomb shields is that they are located on or below the ground, they are particularly sensitive to attack by chemical weapons, and the chemicals typically used have a higher density than air, so that the chemicals accumulate in close proximity to the ground lower position. During the 1990-1991 Gulf War, the inventors faced this problem in Israel. Since people were very sensitive to the chemical warheads carried by missiles, it was necessary to publicize to all residents any attack by the best way to avoid missiles.

Therefore, it is desirable that higher floors of buildings, such as residential or office buildings, are also resistant to shock waves. However, this desire is unrealistic, because the reinforced concrete walls are quite thick and usually have a rather heavy structure. If a plurality of such walls are constructed on the building, it takes a huge investment to repair them due to the additional weight. Manufacture of structural elements.

Furthermore, there is an important problem with existing buildings without bomb shielding, and these buildings need to be retrofitted so that the houses in the buildings, preferably each floor or each room, are resistant to blast waves.

Various construction methods, techniques and materials have been proposed in order to impart special properties to walls. Thus, composite structures comprising hollow bricks provided with a plurality of interconnected spaces in which reinforced concrete structures are filled are known. Such constructions, using slag or concrete bricks, have been disclosed in US-1884319 to Smith and US-2994162 to Frantz. It is described in Smith's patent that using the structure provided by him has the properties of heat insulation, frost protection and moisture resistance. Described in Frantz's patent, his structure is simpler and easier to build than other brick wall structures. US-4577447 to Doran discloses the same structure as the above patent, however, it uses expanded polystyrene bricks.

In the US-4167840 issued to Ivany, an improved reinforced structure for walls of hollow concrete blocks is disclosed, wherein there are vertical and horizontal reinforcing rods, and concrete is filled into the spaces of the hollow blocks. Thus, this wall becomes a solid reinforced wall with a concrete masonry wall surface.

French patent FR-2612971 describes a disclosed _DURISOL® building brick made of "wood concrete", which is essentially a mixture of treated wood shavings and concrete. In Ralph Ironman's article titled "Wood Concrete Branches Out", published in CONCRETE PRODUCTS, August 1988, it is stated that these wood concrete building bricks are known to be lightweight, thermally insulating, soundproofing, delayed burning, frostproof and corrosion resistant Performance, the structural parts made of this kind of brick have one or more of the above special properties.

The inventor's earlier patent WO 93/14281 discloses walls, using the known DURISOL _(R) building bricks, having relatively high energy absorption properties and resistance to bomb shock waves. However, these bricks are not resistant to gas penetration because the natural properties of the mineralized wood shavings that make up the bricks are capable of gas penetration.

U.S. Patent US-4371968 to Obino discloses a shell element for formed concrete structures comprising parallel plates of rigid foamed plastics such as polystyrene and polyurethane passed through vertical rigid metal transverse elements connected, the elements are embedded in the plastic plate. The panels of this patent do not provide any energy absorbing properties and are therefore not suitable for use in shock wave resistant wall structures. In addition, such panels are manufactured as one complete part and, moreover, the individual panel parts occupy a considerable amount of space during storage and transport.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a building block resistant to shock waves and gas penetration, so as to form a partition wall, which can be constructed at a site or attached to selected wall sections of a building, thereby providing resistance to bombs Shock wave performance and prevents gas penetration to the inside of the wall section.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a light weight, easily constructed wall structure which is resistant to bomb blasts and impervious to gas penetration, which wall structure remains substantially intact when subjected to bomb blasts structure.

In particular, the inventors have found that the use of specially structured mineralized hollow wood-concrete brick structures with reinforced concrete cores in composite structures enables the above-mentioned objects of the invention to be achieved. The inventors have discovered that composite bricks of mineralized wood shavings and concrete are much more flexible than standard stone building bricks. Moreover, the energy-absorbing properties of these bricks lead to greatly improved resistance to shock waves. In addition, such wood-concrete bricks are resistant to gas penetration because, inside the bricks, there are partitions that prevent gas penetration. The shrapnel penetration rate of the wood-concrete brick of the present invention is 25% smaller than that of common stone bricks. Therefore, 15 cm thick wood-concrete bricks can replace 20 cm thick ordinary stone bricks.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a composite brick and reinforced concrete wall structure that absorbs shock wave energy and resists gas penetration. Impact-resistant and gas-penetrating partition walls constructed of lightweight, hollow-core building blocks comprising opposed, spaced-apart panels connected by bridging elements, Interconnected horizontal and vertical spaces formed by bridging elements, characterized in that: the siding is formed of a mixture of mineralized wood shavings and concrete with a density not greater than 1 ton/m3, the bridging elements are elements that prevent the penetration of gases.

Gas-proof bridging elements may consist of metal or other rigid gas-proof plates or rods permanently embedded in parallel opposing wall panels, or with rods journaled through holes in the wall panels , and a cap is provided at the end of the rod on the outside of the wall panel. Such a cap may be a screw cap which is threadedly connected to the terminal portion of the metal rod divider.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a partition wall with the above-mentioned bricks to resist bomb shock waves and prevent gas penetration, and a method for forming such a partition wall, so as to provide a partition wall that can resist shock waves and prevent gas penetration. the walls. This partition wall comprises a structural element of lightweight hollow building bricks in direct contact with each other, one above or next to the other, said bricks having interiors forming interconnected vertical and horizontal spaces; An interconnected core of vertical and horizontal steel-reinforced concrete beams is located within the space, characterized by the hollow bricks having opposing panels made of a mixture of mineralized wood shavings and concrete Formed, the density of which is not greater than 1 ton/m3, said opposite wall panels are connected by bridging elements that prevent the penetration of gas; penetrate the structure.

The method of constructing such a wall involves the following steps:

Assembling a plurality of said bricks into a wall so that said bricks are in direct contact with each other, one above or next to the other, so that the vertical and horizontal spaces of adjacent bricks are interconnected;

Integral webs of concrete and steel reinforcement are formed in connected vertical and horizontal spaces, thereby forming a composite wall structure consisting of hollow bricks and reinforced concrete, wherein the structure of the composite wall is substantially capable of generating impact forces The case maintains its intact structure. The impact force is sufficient to destroy reinforced concrete walls made of bricks and stone bricks used in the prior art. Furthermore, the structure of the composite wall prevents gas penetration.

In addition, according to one embodiment of the invention, the method includes the step of embedding steel reinforcements in the reinforced concrete structure so as to extend beyond the wall panels. Thereby, the composite wall structure and the reinforced concrete structure are secured to each other, thereby protecting selected portions of the reinforced concrete structure from shock waves.

Brief description of the drawings

Can understand the present invention more clearly by following detailed description in conjunction with accompanying drawing, wherein:

Fig. 1 is the front view of protective wall of the present invention;

Figures 2a, 2b and 2c are a perspective view, a top view and a side view, respectively, of an embodiment of the wood-concrete brick of the present invention;

Figures 3a, 3b and 3c are a perspective view, a top view and a side view, respectively, of another embodiment of the wood-concrete brick of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a front sectional view of the protective wall shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a top sectional view of the protection wall shown in Fig. 1 .

Detailed description of the invention

Referring now to Figure 1, there is shown a composite wall structure 1 consisting of construction bricks 2 made of a mixture of mineralized wood shavings and concrete, as shown in Figures 2a-2c and 3a-3c, And there is an integral web of reinforced concrete extending in the brick assembly. It will be described in detail later with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5 .

A hollow building block consisting of mineralized wood shavings and concrete is depicted in Figures 2a-2c and 3a-3c and will be described below. These bricks are light in weight and have a density of about 0.9 tons/m3, while conventional stone bricks have a density of about 2.4 tons/m3. The building bricks of the present invention have desired fireproof performance, sound absorption performance, heat insulation performance, gas and radiation permeation prevention performance.

Composite walls consisting of bricks and beams with internally reinforced concrete are known in the art. However, the combination of timber-concrete bricks with integral reinforced concrete webs, as described herein, to provide a protective wall with impact resistance and resistance to gas penetration is not known. Furthermore, although various properties are known in the prior art to be attributed to wood-concrete materials, the present inventors are not aware of any impact resistance and protection against gas permeation of bricks alone or the combination of the composite bricks and reinforced concrete structures described above. Public instructions. Therefore, by comparing and testing walls of different structures, the present inventors have surprisingly found that the composite structure composed of wood-concrete bricks of the present invention has real impact resistance and gas permeation prevention performance. These comparative tests are discussed below.

Furthermore, the inventors have surprisingly found that the walls provided according to the invention can form internal double walls in existing buildings. Thus, this wall, by abutting against any exterior wall of any house, gives every room on every floor a barrier against impact and gas penetration.

The present inventors have also found that it is easy to construct partition walls using the bricks of the present invention. Because the concrete is poured into the voids of the bricks, the concrete flows very quickly. Furthermore, the spreading of the filled concrete is facilitated because of the presence of bridging elements, such as thin plates, especially rods, which do not present great resistance to the flow of the concrete. However, this is not the case in the prior art _DURISOL® bricks, which have relatively thick bridges connecting the walls of the brick, which impede the rapid flow and overall spreading of the concrete.

Another advantage is that partition walls made of bricks according to the invention are able to prevent bullets or shrapnel from penetrating the wall, because there are no "soft", bullet-penetrating bridges in the bricks of the invention, whereas in conventional _DURISOL® bricks with "soft" bridges.

Reference is next made to FIG. 1 , which depicts a typical wall constructed in a reinforced concrete frame 3 . The surface on the brick 2 has a natural decorative effect which does not require further reworking and is sufficient as a suitable dwelling interior wall surface.

The brick 2 that makes up the wall is placed on top of another brick 4, and brick 2 is against brick 5, no gaps exist between the bricks, therefore, there is no need for any caulking or grouting, which would lower the wall attractive natural decorative surface.

As mentioned above, the brick 2 consists of a mixture of mineralized wood shavings and concrete, which has very high energy-absorbing properties. It also has very good fire protection properties, sound absorption properties, thermal insulation properties and resistance to gas penetration.

For a better understanding of the construction of such a wall, reference is now made to Figures 2a, 2b and 2c, which depict basic building bricks suitable for forming the wall 1 .

The brick 10 has two parallel wall panels 12 and 14 made of mineralized wood shavings and concrete, connected by metal plate-like bridging elements 16 . The bridging element 16 forms a partition between the wall panels 12 and 14 . The bridging elements 16 are not interconnected along the full height of the wall panels 12 and 14, but leave gaps between the top 6 and bottom 8 (FIG. 2C) of the bridging element 16 and the top 17 and bottom 18 of the wall panels 12 and 14, respectively. space so that a reinforcing rod (not shown) can be placed therein. Optionally, through holes 19 may be provided in the bridging elements 16 of the brick 10 to allow concrete to be poured into the brick 10 so that the concrete flows freely, completely filling the interior of the brick 10 . The use of metal bridging elements 16 has additional advantages over prior art bridging elements using the same wood-concrete material as panels 12 and 14, because wood-concrete has a natural property of being porous and thus allowing gas to pass through. through. Wall structures made entirely of bricks formed from this material, even when filled with concrete, have porous channels from one side of the bricks through wood-cement bridging elements to the other side of the bricks. However, the bricks provided according to the present invention are completely separated by concrete and metal between the walls of the brick, and gas cannot penetrate the brick once the concrete is poured into the brick.

In Figures 3a-3c, another embodiment of a wood-concrete block 10a of the present invention is depicted. The brick 10a has two parallel walls 32 , 34 with a space between them, connected to each other by four bolts 36 . Bolts 36 pass through the walls 32 , 34 and nuts 38 are provided at the ends of the bolts 36 . Spaces 40 remain between the bolts 36 and between the edges 42 of the wall panels 32 , 34 . In this way, the reinforcing bar (not shown) can be placed horizontally in the internal space of the row of bricks 10a.

The brick structure shown in Figures 3a-3c has the advantage of being easy to assemble on site that other conventional brick structures do not have. Thus, many unassembled wall panels 32, 34, bridging bars 36 and nuts 38 can be transported individually in containers or trucks, which cannot be done with prior art bricks. These unassembled parts can be assembled at the construction site.

Other means of connecting the wall panels 32 , 34 are also within the scope of the invention, provided that the material used to produce the bridging elements is impermeable to gas.

In the wall construction according to the invention, for example in the case of a free-standing wall, firstly a reinforced concrete support base 20 is poured, as shown in FIG. The reinforcing element 21 made of steel is then placed horizontally on top 6 of the bridging elements 16 of the bricks 10 (as shown in FIG. 2 a ), and the extension 22 of the reinforcing element 21 extends beyond the end-side bricks 2E and 2F.

A second layer of bricks 2 is stacked on top of the first layer of bricks, leaving a vertical cavity. Stack the bricks in rows to achieve the desired wall height. In the cavity 13, steel reinforcing rods 24 are arranged vertically, and then concrete is poured into the cavity 13 to fill the voids and form vertical webs and horizontal steel reinforced concrete beams inside the bricks.

In the embodiment described, the ends 22 of the steel reinforcing rods are embedded in the concrete forming the reinforcing brackets 3 surrounding the wall 1 .

In addition, after the first layer of bricks and the horizontal steel rods 21 are put in place, the steel reinforcement rods 24 are inserted into the cavity 13 of the brick 2, and the reinforcement rods 24 and the steel rods 21 intersect each other at 25 bundled together. Subsequent layers of bricks are slid into place along the vertical steel stiffeners 24 where the vertical and horizontal steel bars cross each other and are tied together.

When the structure forms a protective wall in an existing dwelling, its core is connected by reinforced steel structural members to reinforced concrete supports in the building.

In addition, the strength of the protective wall can be enhanced by applying prestressing or post-tensioning on the top and bottom of the protective wall, as well as on both sides of the wall. This reinforced skin or wall is made of _DURISOL® bricks and this strengthens the connection of the structure to the frame.

In order to test the impact resistance of different types of walls, the inventors conducted comparative experiments. Five types of walls were tested, including:

(a) Walls consisting of conventional masonry building bricks with internally reinforced concrete and steel rods, similar to Ivany's U.S. Patent No. 4,167,840;

(b) Walls made of conventional building bricks, coated with steel mesh cement, bonded to the inner surface of the wall to strengthen the wall;

(c) walls of silicate solid brick;

(d) walls made of _ITONG® bricks with reinforced beams;

(e) Walls made of wood-concrete bricks according to the invention.

All these walls are approximately 3.6m in length and 2.75m in height and are reinforced with surrounding concrete beams.

Place the blasting device at an equal distance from all walls and detonate. Then examining these tested walls, it can be seen that the wall made of wood-concrete bricks provided by the present invention has enough elasticity to absorb shock waves, which has perfect impact resistance. Other walls were warped or broken. This shows that the wall structure provided by the present invention has far superior advantages over the walls (a)-(d) of the prior art, and is able to resist destructive forces to a relatively high degree. In addition, the wall (e) provided according to the invention does not allow gas to penetrate.

The bricks provided according to the invention can be of desired dimensions. Thus, such bricks may comprise the dimensions of prior art masonry bricks so as to be placed one on top of the other, or be made of large dimensions which form the panels of the wall structure.

Those skilled in the art can understand that the above embodiments do not limit the present invention. However, the scope of the present invention is limited only by the claims.

Claims (15)

1. A hollow brick for building, comprising opposite, separated wall panels connected by bridging elements forming interconnected horizontal and vertical spaces, characterized in that: the wall panels are composed of Formed from a mixture of mineralized wood shavings and concrete, the density of which is not greater than 1 ton/m3, said bridging elements include elements preventing the penetration of gases. 2. Hollow building block according to claim 1, characterized in that the bridging element preventing gas penetration is a metal plate. 3. Hollow building block according to claim 1, characterized in that said bridging element preventing gas penetration is a metal rod. 4. Hollow building brick according to claim 1, characterized in that said bridging elements are made of metal. 5. Hollow building brick according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall panels and bridging elements are assembled into bricks at the building site. 6. A partition wall comprising: Structural elements consisting of hollow building bricks in direct contact with each other, one above and/or next to the other, the interior of which forms interconnected vertical and horizontal spaces; An interconnected core of vertical and horizontal steel-reinforced concrete beams is located within the space, characterized by the fact that the hollow bricks comprise opposing wall panels made of a mixture of mineralized wood shavings and concrete formed, having a density not greater than 1 ton/m3, said opposed panels being connected by bridging elements preventing gas penetration; The structural members include structural members capable of absorbing energy, resisting forces generated by blast shock waves, and preventing gas penetration. 7. The wall according to claim 6, characterized in that: it also includes a reinforced concrete bracket, the structural member of the hollow brick is formed in the bracket, and the reinforcement formed by the core material of the reinforced concrete is fixed on the on the stand. 8. Wall according to claim 6, characterized in that a prestress acts on the steel reinforcement. 9. Wall according to claim 6, characterized in that said bridging elements preventing gas penetration are metal plates. 10. The wall according to claim 6, characterized in that said bridging elements preventing gas penetration are metal rods. 11. A method of forming a wall comprising the steps of: Arranging and assembling a plurality of hollow bricks in a wall installation, said bricks having vertical and horizontal spaces inside, placing said bricks so that they are in direct contact with each other, one above and/or next to the other so that adjacent bricks The spaces are connected to each other; An integral core of concrete and steel reinforcement is formed in the interconnected spaces, whereby a composite wall of hollow bricks and reinforced concrete is formed, characterized in that the bricks have opposing panels consisting of Formed from a mixture of mineralized wood shavings and concrete, the density of which is not greater than 1 ton/m3, said opposite wall panels are connected by bridging elements preventing gas penetration. 12. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the hollow blocks are assembled at a construction site. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein said step of assembling a plurality of hollow bricks includes assembling the plurality of hollow bricks adjacent to selected portions having reinforced concrete structural members. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the step of forming the integral core comprises: Place steel reinforcements in interconnected vertical and/or horizontal spaces such that the ends of the reinforcement protrude beyond the brick assembly; Pour concrete into vertical and horizontal spaces; Also included in the method is embedding a steel reinforcement beyond the wall into the reinforced concrete structure, thereby securing the panel to the reinforced concrete structure. 15. The method of claim 11, including the step of prestressing the steel reinforcement.

Images