WO2008003105A1 - Verfahren und system zur automatisierten ermittlung von optimierten prognosen - Google Patents
Verfahren und system zur automatisierten ermittlung von optimierten prognosen Download PDFInfo
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- WO2008003105A1 WO2008003105A1 PCT/AT2007/000317 AT2007000317W WO2008003105A1 WO 2008003105 A1 WO2008003105 A1 WO 2008003105A1 AT 2007000317 W AT2007000317 W AT 2007000317W WO 2008003105 A1 WO2008003105 A1 WO 2008003105A1
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- forecast
- prognosis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
- G05B13/02—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
- G05B13/0205—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric not using a model or a simulator of the controlled system
- G05B13/026—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric not using a model or a simulator of the controlled system using a predictor
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the automated determination of optimized forecasts on the basis of individual forecasts for the control or regulation of operative systems or processes.
- the invention relates to a system for the automated derivation of optimized forecasts for the control or regulation of operative systems or processes.
- Numerous control techniques in operational systems e.g. In industrial manufacturing processes, in power generation plants or in the control of hydrological plants, heating and irrigation systems to financial trading systems are based on automatic units for generating forecast data for certain system state or process parameters. The accuracy and reliability of such forecast data is often an essential prerequisite for a functioning control.
- forecasting models for individual forecasts is carried out on the basis of known statistical methods and models, in particular using modern methods, such as the SOM method described in WO 2004/029738 A1 (SOM - Seif Organizing Maps - Self-Organizing Cards) or methods from the field of artificial intelligence (eg neural networks, genetic algorithms).
- SOM Seif Organizing Maps - Self-Organizing Cards
- artificial intelligence eg neural networks, genetic algorithms
- the invention is based on the finding that contradictions can be eliminated when evaluating a plurality of individual forecasts over weightings and that an optimized overall prognosis can be derived from the individual forecasts, which also becomes more and more exact successively by corresponding correction of the weights assigned to the forecasting units.
- a noise factor is determined which describes the validity of the optimized overall forecast.
- the invention provides a method and a system as specified in the independent claims.
- Advantageous embodiments and further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.
- the present technique is based on the application of an adaptive method, with a compression coding, wherein in a first step, a plurality of forecast units transmit their forecasts for a specific system or process state to a central aggregation unit.
- a weighting and furthermore a noise factor are included in the prognosis signal dataset. This results in a uniform abstraction of the data of different forecast units, which is given by forecast horizon, forecast value, its statistical distribution, its forecast weight and noise factor. This abstraction is essential for the uniform transmission and return of Transmission of forecast signals of any kind suitable.
- a heavy rain forecast unit predicts a rainfall intensity in a particular catchment area for a given time with e.g. 0.35 mm / h, log normal distributed with a standard deviation of e.g. 5.2%. This prognosis is made with a weight of e.g. 172% and a noise factor describing the estimated reliability of the prognosis of e.g. 2.4% to a central processing unit.
- DE 195 37 850 A discloses a method for encoding weather-related prognosis data, which, however, allows a purely meteorological and not universally applicable prognosis signal coding and also provides no weighting and no noise factor for aggregation and linking of signals of several prognosis units.
- the forecasts of two forecasting units eliminated due to contradictions are stored in a database temporarily, i. up to the end of the forecast horizon, in the form of one forecast conflict record each, which represents as a uniform abstraction the calculated forecast separation value, the calculated weighting ratio (ratio) and the overall weighting. This makes it possible, despite a plurality of synchronously or asynchronously arriving different individual forecasts at any time to determine only a single valid, iteratively improved overall forecast.
- the present technique also allows the compression of forecasting information for storage and transmission purposes, completely independent of the respective forecasting method or mode of the associated forecasting units. This is a further difference to known prognosis determinations, which only pursue the goal of ascertaining the desired prognoses from an often large total data quantity in a specific, arbitrarily complex prognosis procedure.
- weights are advantageous because the available weight of a better forecasting unit can be continuously increased, as a result of which its forecasts can be taken into greater account in the further aggregation, thus constantly improving the aggregated overall forecasts.
- the present application of computational weights also provides a beneficial crosslinking effect on a plurality of forecasting units and forecasting values. Namely, if a forecast value represents an input for the forecasting model of a second forecasting unit, the latter can provide an assumed forecast value, as well as a weight and a lower noise factor, with the result that other, subordinate forecasting units can be improved by an improvement of that first forecast value. gain weight and an iterative optimization starts automatically. As a result, there is an ongoing reduction in the noise factor of all affected forecast values until finally the overall system reaches equilibrium.
- the use of weights thus enables an overall system of networked forecasts which is improved compared to individual forecasts.
- a reservoir serves both for energy generation and for flood protection and irrigation.
- Several forecast units produce relevant prognosis information, eg for temperatures, precipitation amounts and soil moisture of the associated water catchment.
- the purpose of a lock control unit is to maintain an optimal (maximum) water level for power generation and irrigation on the one hand, and for the flood defector, on the other hand, taking into account the predicted inflow line, which depends on the above meteorological forecasts, on the physical characteristics of the respective catchment area is dependent on the controls of upstream hydrological facilities, but the control in turn provides prognosis data concerning the inflow course of downstream hydrological facilities (reservoirs).
- meteorological (and other) forecasting data also affect forecasts for energy and water consumption, with, for example, energy consumption rising at lower temperatures to some extent, and water consumption at higher temperatures increasing in seasonal dependency. It thus becomes clear how through the networking of the different outcomes will allow for improved overall governance in terms of the three control objectives (flood protection, energy production, irrigation).
- the aggregation of the individual predictions takes into account the noise factor transmitted by the forecast units, which must be overcome.
- the noise factor limits the occurrence of a prognosis contradiction; without him any new prognosis would immediately contradict a previous one; with a noise factor, a plurality of limited different predictions may remain active.
- a first forecasting unit for a given future point in time will require a water level of the aforementioned 8.04m hydrological facility with a standard deviation of 1.4%.
- This prognosis is coded and transmitted with a weight of 0.12 and a noise factor of 2.7%.
- another second forecasting unit expects a water level of 8.11 meters with a standard deviation of 1.8% and reports this forecast with a weight of 0.24 but a noise factor of 7.6%.
- forecasts for temperatures, precipitation, soil moisture, etc. can be coded.
- a prediction discrepancy taking into account the noise factor is only present when the inverse probability increased by the noise factor (hereinafter referred to as "ratio") that the final value at the prediction time is smaller (or greater) than a certain data point, is greater than the inverse ratio (also referred to as anti-ratio) of another prediction at the same data point
- ratio the inverse probability increased by the noise factor
- the weight of the first forecast of 0.12 is completely eliminated with a ratio of 1.62036, the second forecast remains active and subsequently flows into the aggregated forecast with a weighting of 0.1656, as of originally 0.24 weight are below 0.0744 (0.12 times 0.62036) in the forecast conflict bound to the forecast horizon.
- the evaluation unit assigns the total weighting of each forecast conflict data set to the forecast unit based on the actual value measured by one measurement unit or on the basis of a temporally downstream total forecast value of another aggregation unit for the same forecast value with respect to the calculated forecast separation value.
- the second method is used when the actual value at the forecast time in question can not be measured.
- the level can be measured, for example, it could be 8.11 m, which means that the individual forecast of the second forecast unit will have more weight in the future.
- the forecast units or generally input units thus regularly use a (arbitrary own) method to determine forecasts and transmit them to the system, i. to the computer resources.
- the system prefers returned aggregated forecasts (both at the same and other inputs) and their noise factor can serve the forecasting units in the sense of an adaptive method for the iterative improvement of their own forecasts.
- the incoming forecast signals are stored by the system in a memory unit and then go through a prognosis signal processing, which first determines whether the new prognosis signal contradicts an already stored active prognosis and to which active prognosis the greatest contradiction exists.
- Conflicting predictions are stored by an elimination order according to the extent of the contradiction in a storage unit for forecast conflicts with the weight eliminated, and the elimination is noted in the prognosis signal data sets weight-reducing. Predictions with zero weighting become inactive. From the active forecasts remaining in the forecast memory, an optimized overall forecast is calculated in the aggregation unit by means of statistical aggregation.
- the optimized overall prognosis is then transmitted to a control unit, which in turn forwards the resulting control signals to a process unit.
- the calculated overall forecast can also be actively queried in suitable periodicity by those forecast units which either forecast this value or need it as input, without having to transmit each individual aggregated value.
- Records stored in the prediction conflict memory are evaluated at the forecast horizon by comparing the value actually measured by a measurement unit or a downstream overall forecast with them. The resulting released weights are assigned to the corresponding forecast unit.
- Those forecasting units to which forecast conflict records are attributed may at any time request to substitute the weight of these conflict records against weighting of other active forecasts.
- the released weight is immediately available to the relevant forecast unit for new forecast signals.
- DE 197 53 034 A is based on an improvement of forecasts, in particular for traffic control processes, in that in a probabilistic selection a basic prognosis for a parameter is investigated and improved as a function of a measured value for a second parameter by the first parameter being time-dependent the second is coupled. Furthermore, old couplings are eliminated by the passage of time.
- the present invention aggregates the independent forecasts of several different forecast units for one and the same basic parameter without the need to take into account any possible upstream and downstream forecasts in the network.
- DE 601 11 238 T2 describes a process control for time-variant, non-linear processes, which triggers a corresponding switchover to another line model predictive control model in the case of a change detected by measurement between a set of several previously known states (with elimination of implausible measurements).
- the generalized control according to the invention offers the advantage that a prior knowledge of possible models and a predefined model transition is not required; It is also possible to add further forecasting units with new strategies, for example during ongoing operation.
- the invention offers the advantage of networking a plurality of independent, generalized predictions, independent of the underlying model that generates them. This also has the advantage that process control can firstly take place without a restrictive preselection with respect to a specific prognostic model, and secondly, with subsequent availability of better prognosis models, the process control fundamentally improves instead of providing only a presumed error correction type for a predetermined model.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system for the computer-aided derivation of optimized overall forecasts according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows an adjusted density function for a predicted water level taken as an example
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the procedure in the method for deriving an overall forecast from individual forecasts, with a system according to FIG. 1;
- Fig. 5 in a diagram Ratiosumme about water level two ratio sums, to illustrate the Trennwertbetician.
- FIG. 1 shows a system for the automated determination of op- timed forecasts, this system 1 receives from individual forecasting units 2.1, 2.2 ... 2.n (generally 2) individual forecasts.
- the system 1 has computer means 3 specified with a border, which have a memory unit 4 for the prognosis signals, ie individual forecasts, as well as an associated prognosis signal processing unit 5.
- R m denotes the ratio and LN the lognormal distribution and the two cases of the characteristic direction are determined as: 1 measured value over characteristic value X 1 -1 measured value over characteristic value X 1
- the complementary ratio or anti-ratio for further processing or for purposes of comparison with other forecasts is accordingly calculated as:
- Each new forecast signal is checked in the predictive signal processing unit 5 to see if it contradicts an active forecast (ie, a forecast that has already been received, stored, but not yet eliminated), in which case the forecasts will be in order of greatest contradiction with the aid of an elimination unit 8 (see Fig. 1) connected to the processing unit 5.
- an active forecast ie, a forecast that has already been received, stored, but not yet eliminated
- This process may, for example, be done in detail as shown in FIG. 3: After a start step 8.1 in FIG. 3, it is first checked according to field 8.2 whether active forecasts are already stored in the memory unit 4 for the designated prognosis object of the prognosis signal. If not, no elimination is required and can be continued immediately with the aggregation in an aggregation unit 9 (see Fig. 1) also connected to the processing unit.
- two ratio ratios are determined for each pairing by first checking each of the two ratios of the new forecast based on the respective opposing anti-ratio (put-call or call-put) of each active forecast to a maximum.
- the probability distribution may vary depending on the type of the predicted value; however, for the sake of simplicity, a specific lognormal distribution typical of hydrological phenomena (e.g.
- the determination may be made using the following condition, wherein for the first derivative of the following condition for the ratio quotient, a root must be searched for a maximum (by a suitable method, such as the Newton's method or the secant method, as mentioned above):
- the second prediction unit 2 based on its own prognosis values, has a weight gain of 9.6%, which thus exceeds the 7.6% increase due to the noise factor.
- characteristic value X 1 is a prognosis separation value at which the sum of the forecast weight eliminated by the prognosis conflict is the maximum.
- This expression value is at that value, at which in each case the respectively associated one of the two ratio sums is minimal, whereby the main condition remains that the ratio quotient must be greater than 1 at the determined separation value.
- This minimum ratio is calculated by looking for a minimum for the first derivation of the following formula for the ratio by one of the above-mentioned methods of the curve discussion:
- the minimum point of the ratio sum is searched for the next point at which it is equal to 1; in the case of two such points X 1 , X j are chosen that having the lower ratio.
- the ratio queue is now sorted in ascending order by ratio sums (see block 8.6 in Fig. 3), and after a query (field 8.7), if the ratio queue contains an entry and a query (field 8.8), if the weight In the negative case, the new forecast is eliminated by processing forecast conflict records, whereby the eliminated weight G n , is determined on the basis of the associated ratios. For this purpose, it is checked whether the new prognosis has the higher relative weight G n :
- G n G n -G 1n X (R 1n -I)
- G 111 G 1n -G n X (R n -V) 1
- the remaining active forecasts in the aggregation unit 9 are aggregated in an appropriate manner, cf. also block 8.11 in FIG. 3.
- Advantageous aggregation possibilities include the simple method, the center method and the combination method.
- the forecast with the lowest noise factor r is used as the descriptive variable, and from it x 0 , ⁇ 0 , L 0 and r 0 are read.
- the aggregate (total) forecast P 0 with X 0 , ⁇ 0 , G 0 and r 0 results from forecasts P 1 and P j as follows:
- the aggregated forecast value is:
- the weight G is the weight sum.
- the aggregated noise factor R 0 is calculated as follows, where LN 0 is the lognormal distribution function for X 0 and ⁇ 0:
- the relatively weighted mean x 0 is calculated as follows:
- a control unit 12 for the purpose of controlling a process unit 13, and which is preferably also transmitted to the networked forecasting units 2.i and possibly other, downstream prognosis units 2 ', it can be used for a forecasting unit be advantageous to be able to release bound weight from forecasting conflicts for other forecasting purposes if necessary, cf. also block 8.12 in Fig. 3, wherein currently active prognosis signal data sets for weight substitution - in a substitution unit 15 - are used.
- the prediction unit 2 transmits a substitution signal to the substitution unit 15 of the central prognosis system 1, which determines the weight to be released as follows:
- Gj the weight bound in the prediction conflict i
- R 1 its original ratio of the conflict record
- R n the ratio of the active forecast from the ratio queue.
- this weight is available in the relevant prognosis signal read from the memory 4
- the free (otherwise only available) weight of the original prediction unit i is added and subtracted from the active prognosis signal n.
- a new forecast conflict record is stored by figuratively assuming the original prediction unit i the complementary conflict side ⁇ ⁇ and the active forecasting unit occupying the original conflict side with the weight thus determined, now released.
- the conflict weight G 1 in the original forecast conflict data set is reduced proportionally (with G n / G fre i). Subsequently, the next ratio queue entry for the remaining weight G 1 is processed.
- the total weight bound in the forecast conflict is then assigned in the evaluation process by the evaluation or weighting unit 14 completely to that forecast unit, s.
- Memory unit 11 in Fig. 1 which was attributed in the elimination of the page right conflict page with respect to the measured value. If the forecast value equals the measured value, the weight is equally divided between the two forecast units.
- n forecast units it can be advantageous, after reaching a prognosis time or even at regular intervals, to additionally attribute a specific weight to each individual prognosis unit 2, independently of the prognosis result, in order to ensure the fate of all prognosis units, albeit with minimal weighting potential in the overall system.
- a possible variant for this is a percentage increase of the n forecast units as follows:
- GI is the top-up weight
- a is a top-up factor (eg, 0.01)
- the meteorological prediction unit eg for lightning activity
- the meteorological prediction unit is no longer considered at all, just because, for example, a long time series without lightning activity arises and forecasts due to the high random factor are evaluated to the detriment of the forecasting unit. In the long run, this can cause the total number of forecasting units to be reduced to one with weight.
- the present technique achieves compression of prediction data such as special coding, with more efficient data transmission and quantified reliable application in various fields of engineering for control systems to financial engineering systems , is possible. It is also conceivable to use the various units shown in Fig. 1, e.g. 5, 8, 9, 14, 15, as a separate units or components, as hardware or firmware, with fixed predetermined processes to realize, as well as a distribution to multiple computers is conceivable.
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Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE112007001505T DE112007001505A5 (de) | 2006-07-03 | 2007-06-27 | Verfahren und System zur automatisierten Ermittlung von optimierten Prognosen |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT11172006A AT503846B1 (de) | 2006-07-03 | 2006-07-03 | Verahren und system zur automatisierten ermittlung von optimierten prognosen |
| ATGM513/2006 | 2006-07-03 | ||
| AT0051306U AT9539U1 (de) | 2006-07-03 | 2006-07-03 | Verfahren und system zur automatisierten ermittlung von optimierten prognosen |
| ATA1117/2006 | 2006-07-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2008003105A1 true WO2008003105A1 (de) | 2008-01-10 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AT2007/000317 Ceased WO2008003105A1 (de) | 2006-07-03 | 2007-06-27 | Verfahren und system zur automatisierten ermittlung von optimierten prognosen |
Country Status (2)
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| DE (1) | DE112007001505A5 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2008003105A1 (de) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19732295A1 (de) * | 1997-07-26 | 1999-02-11 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | System zur Heizungsregelung |
| WO2001079945A1 (en) * | 2000-04-06 | 2001-10-25 | Abb Automation Inc. | System and methodology for adaptive, linear model predictive control based on rigorous, nonlinear process model |
| WO2004029738A1 (de) * | 2002-09-30 | 2004-04-08 | Gerhard Kranner | Verfahren zur rechnergestützten erstellung von prognosen für operative systeme sowie system zur erstellung von prognosen für operative systeme |
-
2007
- 2007-06-27 DE DE112007001505T patent/DE112007001505A5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-06-27 WO PCT/AT2007/000317 patent/WO2008003105A1/de not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19732295A1 (de) * | 1997-07-26 | 1999-02-11 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | System zur Heizungsregelung |
| WO2001079945A1 (en) * | 2000-04-06 | 2001-10-25 | Abb Automation Inc. | System and methodology for adaptive, linear model predictive control based on rigorous, nonlinear process model |
| WO2004029738A1 (de) * | 2002-09-30 | 2004-04-08 | Gerhard Kranner | Verfahren zur rechnergestützten erstellung von prognosen für operative systeme sowie system zur erstellung von prognosen für operative systeme |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE112007001505A5 (de) | 2009-05-07 |
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