WO2008087011A1 - Thermally insulating multilayer composite system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a thermally insulating multilayer composite system which comprises at least one first reflecting layer (1) having vapor-permeable, water-proof and air-tight properties, a first insulating layer (2) having vapor- and air-permeable properties, a reflecting intermediate layer (3) having vapor- and air-permeable, preferably slightly air-permeable properties, a second insulating layer (4) having air- and vapor-permeable properties, and a second outer reflecting layer (5) having vapor-permeable, water-proof and air-tight properties. The invention provides a composite system that reduces heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation and has better insulating properties as compared to conventional systems.

Description

 Multi-layer thermally insulating composite system

Description

The invention relates to a multilayer thermally insulating composite system.

Such composite systems are known in the art. They are used to insulate objects and are used, for example, in home construction, where they are used e.g. be used as insulation of roofs or walls.

Good insulation is particularly important in buildings of great importance. In the first place, it is important to keep energy losses as low as possible.

Heat is transferred by conduction (conduction), convection and / or thermal radiation. In the conduction, heat is transferred from the warmer to the cold when two transported material. Heat transfer by convection occurs when different warm gases or liquids move, in particular by rising of heated gases (air). Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation that emits a warm body.

Studies show that it is not sufficient to minimize heat loss in buildings by using thicker layers of conventional insulation material to minimize energy losses. Rather, energy losses due to convection and heat radiation must also be taken into account. Although insulating wool or foams are generally suitable for reducing heat conduction, they can only partially prevent convection and thermal radiation. When choosing optimal insulations, it should also be noted that most of insulating materials, especially fibers such as e.g. Mineral wool, against water and possibly penetrating water vapor must be protected, as this would greatly reduce the insulation performance of the material.

For the aforementioned reasons, thermally insulating composite systems are increasingly used in recent years, in which different layers are arranged one above the other, in order to achieve the highest possible thermal efficiency.

Various composite systems are known from the prior art, which have infrared-reflecting metal surfaces. Such surfaces are capable of reflecting thermal radiation, in particular infrared (IR) radiation. They interrupt the heat flow caused by radiation by reflecting the radiation. There are other composite systems are known that combine IR-reflective layers with the thermal conduction reducing insulation layers.

However, all known composite systems appear to be in need of improvement.

The invention has for its object to provide a thin if possible thermally insulating composite system with improved insulation performance available, the heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation equally reduced.

To solve this problem, a multilayer thermally insulating composite system is proposed according to the invention, with at least

a first outer reflective layer having vapor permeable, water and airtight properties, a first insulating layer having air and vapor permeable properties,

a reflective intermediate layer which has vapor-permeable and air-permeable, preferably slightly air-permeable properties, a second insulating layer which has air and vapor-permeable properties, and

a second outer layer having vapor permeable, water and airtight properties. The intermediate layer is preferably arranged between the first and the second insulating layer. Advantageously, the second outer layer is also reflective.

The invention is far superior to known systems.

At least one of the two outer layers reflects thermal radiation. The outer layers advantageously comprise the first and the second insulating layer, which inhibit the heat conduction. It is important to ensure that the insulating layer (s) is preferably partially continuous for infrared wavelengths, as will be explained in more detail below.

The invention provides a waterproof overall open vapor system.

Of particular importance is the reflective intermediate layer. This is permeable to vapor and permeable to air, preferably slightly permeable to air, formed and differs in this respect from the outer layers. The air permeability is set so that convection air flows are kept low in the overall system, but also allowed to a small extent, to ensure a better deduction of residual moisture.

In an essential development of the invention, it is proposed that the intermediate layer is microperforated. Such a perforation can be produced particularly easily by introducing openings. In this context, it is pointed out that a significant difference to microporous layers is that microporosity is a material property, whereas microporosity Perforation is achieved by subsequent introduction of openings, preferably in films.

A microperforated layer has significant advantages over microporous layers. For one, it is more resistant and less sensitive than a microporous layer. Furthermore, it has a smoother surface and thus a better degree of reflection. In addition, the microperforated layer may be formed so that opposite to the microporous layer, a double-sided reflective surface can be achieved by metallization of only one side. This is possible if the layer to be metallized is a transparent film. Finally, microporous layers are generally airtight. In the invention, however, a (light) air permeability is desired.

In a further development of the invention, it is possible to introduce the perforation on both sides of the intermediate layer. This can be particularly advantageous, because it is expected that the material is flared by the perforation on the "exit side" of the openings through which the adjacent insulation layers are held in the overall composite, so that an additional attachment may no longer or only to a small extent Part is required.

Conveniently, the intermediate layer is a metallized film or a metal foil. The film may be a highly transparent polymer or copolymer film which preferably has a weight of 10 g / m ² to 35 g / m ² , in particular about 20 g / m ² . The metallization is carried out by vapor deposition or sputtering. Other methods are thought bar. The metal to be optionally applied is advantageously aluminum. In addition, other metals such as silver, copper, zinc or titanium are suitable. The thickness of the layer is typically between 10 nm and 70 nm, preferably about 50 nm.

In an essential embodiment of the invention it is proposed that the perforation of the intermediate layer is formed by openings having a diameter between 0.05 mm and 2.0 mm, preferably between 0.2 mm and 0.8 mm, in particular about 0.5 mm, have.

Particularly advantageous is a distance between the openings to each other between 0.5 mm and 2 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 1.5 mm. In order to achieve uniform properties of the intermediate layer, a constant spacing of the openings is selected. In the context of the invention it is to arrange the openings nationwide.

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the surface portion of the openings is at least 10%, preferably between 14% and 16%. This optimally ensures the desired vapor permeability.

It is within the scope of the inventive idea sought to control the steam flow through the forest. In this context, it is advisable that the vapor permeability of the intermediate layer is at least as large as that of the first or the second outer reflective layer. The outer layers may have a known structure. In principle, it must be ensured that the outer layers are designed to be reflective on at least one side.

To ensure the water resistance, the outer contain

Layers (at least) a microporous layer which is vapor permeable in accordance with the spirit of the invention. Such microporous layers are mechanically sensitive. Therefore, they are advantageously supported by a support structure, in particular by a spunbonded fabric or the like. The support structure may be arranged on one or both sides of the microporous layer. The weight of a suitable spunbonded membrane is advantageously between 10 g / m ² and 200 g / m ² , in particular between 20 g / m ² and 150 g / m ² .

There are several ways to make the outer layers reflective. For example, a metallization is applied directly to the support structure. Alternatively, a foil is applied to the support structure which is perforated and metallised. The openings in the film preferably have a diameter between 0.05 mm and 2 mm.

The insulating layers serve, as already mentioned, to minimize the Konduktion. An insulating material made of a polymer has proved to be advantageous. Such insulating materials additionally improve the tensile strength of the system. The thickness of the insulating layer is freely selectable. However, the composite system according to the invention permits, due to the excellent thermal efficiency, a particularly small thickness of the system compared with the prior art. First experiments have shown that it is particularly advantageous if the insulating layers have different thicknesses, especially if the first insulating layer is designed as a support layer with lower density and / or thickness than the second insulating layer. The purpose of the support layer is primarily to maintain a distance between the adjacent layers. Thermal insulation thus occurs in particular when the adjacent layers have reflecting surfaces.

In principle, care must be taken that such insulating layers designed as a supporting layer have a sufficiently low density and that infrared wavelengths are as uniform as possible. In addition, offers a lower

Thickness specified as otherwise for the insulating layers. In this connection, it is proposed that the thickness of such an insulating layer designed as a supporting layer be between 2 mm and 20 mm, preferably between 6 mm and 10 mm, in particular approximately 8 mm. Preferably, the density of such an insulating layer is between 7 kg / m ³ and 16 kg / m ³ , in particular about 10 kg / m ³ .

The insulating layers designed as insulation expediently have a thickness of greater than 10 mm. An insulating layer at least 12 mm thick is preferred. The density is in each case preferably 15 kg / m ³ to 30 kg / m ³ , preferably 18 kg / m ³ .

An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized by at least two outer support layers and at least one inner insulating layer. Between the support layers are each arranged the intermediate layers. While the support layers serve primarily to keep the intermediate layer at a distance, the inner insulating layer acts as an insulating layer.

A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that a denier layer designed as a support layer is formed by a polymer fiber mat which, prior to its integration into the composite system, has at least a majority of its area with openings, preferably with

Slits, provided and then stretched. As a result of this stretching, large holes are made out of the slots so that the mat assumes the form of a net. The stretched ply is preferably joined to the adjacent ply on at least one side to prevent it from contracting to its original size once the product is cut to size during installation.

The basic system according to the invention consists of five layers, that is, two outer layers (each of which can be multi-layered), two Dämmschichten and an intermediate layer. As an extension of the inventive concept, it is also possible to provide a plurality of intermediate layers which are each covered on both sides by an insulating layer.

The first and second outer layers are joined together on at least two opposite sides of the surface. This is preferably done by Ultraschallverschwei- tion or eg by gluing. For this purpose, the first and / or the second outer layer is advantageously laterally over. The intermediate layers can also survive with and be involved in the welding or bonding.

In order to avoid slippage of the insulating layers, it is advantageous to glue them over at least a large part of their surface at least on one side with an adjacent intermediate layer, preferably not on a surface covering, but at individual points.

It can be interconnected to create a large-scale insulation several composite systems according to the invention. For this purpose, the first and / or the second outer layer is advantageously laterally over, over which the individual systems are connected overlapping each other. At this overlap is preferably a self-adhesive strip, which establishes a secure connection. Alternatively, the connection is made by an additionally applied suitable adhesive tape. These measures ensure the required watertightness and, as a result, create a connection that avoids undesirable thermal bridges.

In the following we will explain the invention with reference to preferred embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The drawing shows in

Figure 1 is a schematic view of the basic structure of a first embodiment of the invention

Composite system;

Figure 2 shows a second embodiment of the composite system according to the invention; Figure 3 shows a third embodiment of the composite system according to the invention;

FIG. 4 shows the connection of two composite systems according to the invention;

Figure 5 shows the production of an insulating layer, in particular a support layer.

FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of the composite system according to the invention. This has from the outside to the inside the following layers: A first water and airtight, vapor-permeable reflective outer layer 1, a first insulating layer 2, which may be formed as a thin support layer, an intermediate layer 3 with vapor-permeable reflective and slightly air-permeable properties, a second Insulating layer 4 and a second water- and airtight, vapor-permeable reflective outer layer 5. The first outer layer 1 and the second outer layer are (in the illustration on the left side) laterally over and are glued or welded together airtight.

FIG. 2 shows a second exemplary embodiment, in which in each case two thinner insulating layers 2 designed as supporting layers are provided. Inside is a thicker insulating insulation layer 4. The support layers 2 have primarily the task of supporting the perforated intermediate layers 3, while the insulation layer provides for the insulation. FIG. 3 differs from FIG. 2 in that three support sheaths 2 and three intermediate layers 3 are provided. Otherwise, the structure corresponds to the structure of Figure 2.

FIG. 4 shows the connection of two composite systems. For this purpose, the outer layer 1 of the left-side composite system is laterally over and has on its underside a preferably integrated adhesive strip 7, which comes to the attachment to the plant on the top of the layer 1 of the right-side composite system.

FIG. 5 shows the production of an insulating layer, in particular a supporting layer. The support layer is formed by a polymer fiber mat into which openings (slots) are introduced. Then the mat is stretched in the direction of the arrow, which widens the openings.

Within the scope of the inventive concept modifications are possible. Thus, the invention is not limited to buildings. Rather, it can also be used, for example, in shipbuilding, in motor vehicle construction or in the clothing sector. It should also be pointed out that in each case a plurality of layers can be provided, in particular also a plurality of intermediate layers, wherein at least one intermediate layer within the scope of the inventive concept has to be reflective, vapor-permeable and air-permeable, preferably slightly air-permeable.

Claims

Multi-layer thermally insulating composite system Patent claims 1. Multi-layer thermally insulating composite system, with at least a first outer reflective layer (1) having vapor permeable, water and airtight properties, a first insulating layer (2) which has air and vapor permeable properties, a reflective intermediate layer (3) which has vapor-permeable and air-permeable, preferably slightly air-permeable, properties, - A second insulating layer (4), which has air and vapor-permeable properties, and - A second outer preferably reflective layer (5), which has vapor-permeable, water and airtight properties. 2. Composite system according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate layer (3) is microperforated. 3. Composite system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the intermediate layer (3) is a metallized foil or a metal foil. 4. Composite system according to one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the intermediate layer (3) has openings which have a diameter between 0.05 mm and 2.0 mm, preferably between 0.2 mm and 0.8 mm, in particular about 0.5 mm. 5. Composite system according to one of claims 1 - 4, characterized in that the intermediate layer (3) has openings whose distance from each other between 0, 5 mm and 2 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 1.5 mm. 6. Composite system according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the intermediate layer (3) has openings and that the surface portion of the openings is at least 10%, preferably between 14% and 16%. 7. Composite system according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the vapor permeability of the intermediate layer (3) is at least as large as that of the second outer reflective layer (4). 8. Composite system according to one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the first and / or the second outer layer (1; 5) contains a microporous layer. 9. Composite system according to claim 8, characterized in that the layer is supported by a support structure, in particular by a spunbonded fabric or the like. 10. Composite system according to one of claims 1 - 9, characterized in that the first and / or the second insulating layer (2; 4) is formed by an insulating material made of a polymer. 11. Composite system according to one of claims 1 - 10, characterized in that the insulating layers (2, 4) have different thicknesses. 12. Composite system according to one of claims 1 - 11, character- ized in that the first insulating layer (2) as Support layer is formed with a lower density and / or thickness than the second insulating layer (4). 13. The composite system according to claim 12, characterized marked, that density of the support layer between 7 kg / m ³ and 16 kg / m ³ , preferably about 10 kg / m ³ , is. 14. Composite system according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the thickness of the support layer is between 2 mm and 20 mm, preferably between 6 mm and 10 mm, in particular about 8 mm. 15. Composite system according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized by at least two outer support layers and at least one inner insulating layer. Composite system according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the support layer is formed by a polymer fiber mat which, prior to its integration into the composite system, is provided with apertures, preferably slots, and thereafter stretched. 17. A composite system according to any one of claims 1-16, characterized in that the insulating layer (2; 4) is connected on at least one side with the adjacent layer. 18. A composite system according to any one of claims 1-17, characterized in that a plurality of intermediate layers (3) are provided which are each covered on both sides by an insulating layer (2; 4). 19. The composite system according to any one of claims 1-18, characterized in that the first and the second outer layer (1; 5) are interconnected. 20. The composite system according to claim 19, characterized in that the first and the second outer layer are bonded or glued together by ultrasonic welding. 21. The composite system according to any one of claims 1-20, characterized in that the first and / or the second outer layer projects laterally. 22. Composite system according to one of claims 1 - 21, characterized in that the insulating layers are selectively connected to the intermediate layer. 23. insulation with a plurality of composite systems according to any one of claims 1 - 22nd 24. Insulation according to claim 23, characterized in that the composite systems are connected to each other at least at their outer first and / or second layer.