WO2007034608A1 - Fmトランスミッタ - Google Patents
Fmトランスミッタ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007034608A1 WO2007034608A1 PCT/JP2006/312766 JP2006312766W WO2007034608A1 WO 2007034608 A1 WO2007034608 A1 WO 2007034608A1 JP 2006312766 W JP2006312766 W JP 2006312766W WO 2007034608 A1 WO2007034608 A1 WO 2007034608A1
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- frequency
- signal
- transmitter
- oscillator
- allocation interval
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03C—MODULATION
- H03C3/00—Angle modulation
- H03C3/38—Angle modulation by converting amplitude modulation to angle modulation
- H03C3/40—Angle modulation by converting amplitude modulation to angle modulation using two signal paths the outputs of which have a predetermined phase difference and at least one output being amplitude-modulated
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03C—MODULATION
- H03C3/00—Angle modulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03C—MODULATION
- H03C5/00—Amplitude modulation and angle modulation produced simultaneously or at will by the same modulating signal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/02—Transmitters
- H04B1/04—Circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
- H04H20/44—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for broadcast
- H04H20/46—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for broadcast specially adapted for broadcast systems covered by groups H04H20/53-H04H20/95
- H04H20/47—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for broadcast specially adapted for broadcast systems covered by groups H04H20/53-H04H20/95 specially adapted for stereophonic broadcast systems
- H04H20/48—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for broadcast specially adapted for broadcast systems covered by groups H04H20/53-H04H20/95 specially adapted for stereophonic broadcast systems for FM stereophonic broadcast systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an FM transmitter that converts an audio signal or the like into an FM signal and transmits the FM signal.
- FM transmitters are known that can convert audio signals into FM signals and transmit them, and output sound from FM receivers installed nearby (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the oscillation frequency of the crystal oscillator is set to an integral multiple of 7.6 MHz or a fraction of an integer, and by dividing the oscillation signal, the 38 kHz signal required for FM modulation processing and the FM The 50kHz reference frequency signal required for the PLL circuit for broadcast wave output is generated.
- the configuration can be simplified with respect to the previous FM transmitter with two crystal oscillators! /
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-228635 (Page 3-4, Fig. 1)
- the FM transmitter disclosed in Patent Document 1 described above needs to generate 38kHz and 50kHz signals by dividing, so the oscillation frequency of the crystal oscillator is very limited, and the parts There was a problem that there was little freedom of choice.
- the present invention was created in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide an FM transmitter with an improved degree of freedom in component selection.
- an FM transmitter includes an oscillator to which a crystal resonator is connected, a clock generation circuit that generates a clock signal synchronized with an output signal of the oscillator, and a clock generation circuit.
- the generated clock signal is input as an operation clock, and the digital signal that performs stereo modulation operation on stereo data by digital processing.
- a signal processing device and a carrier wave generating circuit that directly receives the output signal of the oscillator and generates a carrier wave having an integral multiple of the frequency in synchronization with the output signal.
- the carrier wave is generated by a stereo modulation operation by the digital signal processing device. Transmit the FM modulated signal that is frequency-modulated by the stereo composite signal obtained.
- the functions of the oscillator, the clock generation circuit, the digital signal processing device, and the carrier wave generation circuit other than the above-described crystal resonator are integrally formed on one semiconductor substrate using a semiconductor process. It is desirable. By forming each function of all components except the crystal unit as a single-chip component using a semiconductor process, the FM transmitter can be reduced in size, easier to manufacture, and reduced in power consumption. In particular, by adopting the CMOS process as a semiconductor process, these effects become remarkable.
- the clock generation circuit described above is a first PLL circuit to which the output signal of the oscillator is input as the first reference frequency signal fr1, and the first frequency division included in the first PLL circuit. It is desirable that a clock signal having a frequency m times the frequency of the first reference frequency signal frl is generated when the divider ratio is an integer m.
- the carrier wave generation circuit described above is a second PLL circuit to which the output signal of the oscillator is input as the second reference frequency signal fr2, and the frequency divider of the second frequency divider included in the second PLL circuit is used. It is desirable that a carrier wave having a frequency n times the frequency of the second reference frequency signal fr2 is generated when the ratio is an integer n.
- stereo modulation processing can be realized without actually generating a 38kHz subcarrier signal or a 19kHz pilot signal. It is possible to improve the degree of freedom in selecting parts without having to use a natural vibration frequency that is an integral multiple of 38 kHz.
- the second PLL circuit described above is a frequency synthesizer in which the frequency division ratio n of the second frequency divider can be changed.
- the allocation interval is preferably a control unit that variably sets the frequency of the output signal of the second PLL circuit at an interval of 1 / integer of the frequency allocation interval. This makes it possible to transmit FM modulated signals that can be received by general FM receivers that receive FM radio waves.
- the frequency of the FM modulation signal is set at the frequency allocation interval of the FM broadcast wave. Since it is possible to switch, it becomes easy to select an empty frequency after receiving an FM broadcast wave from an FM receiver.
- the carrier wave generation circuit described above desirably outputs a signal obtained by frequency-dividing the signal generated by the second PLL circuit by a third frequency divider having a frequency division ratio L as a carrier wave.
- the second PLL circuit described above is a frequency synthesizer in which the frequency division ratio n of the second frequency divider can be changed. By changing the frequency division ratio n, the frequency allocation interval of the FM broadcast wave can be changed.
- the frequency of the output signal of the second PLL circuit is variably set at a frequency interval obtained by multiplying the 1 / integer interval of this frequency allocation interval by the division ratio L of the third divider. It is desirable to further include a control unit.
- the frequency interval of the output signal of the second PLL circuit can be widened when the frequency interval of the carrier wave that can be generated is constant, so that the second reference frequency input to the second PLL circuit can be increased.
- the frequency condition of the crystal unit used to generate the signal fr2 can be further relaxed.
- the above-described crystal resonator has a natural vibration frequency that does not coincide with the frequency allocation interval of the FM broadcast wave or 1 / integer of the frequency allocation interval. As a result, it is possible to further relax the frequency condition required for a usable crystal resonator, and to improve the degree of freedom of component selection.
- the above-described crystal resonator has a natural vibration frequency that does not coincide with the frequency allocation interval of the FM broadcast wave or an integer number of the frequency allocation interval and does not coincide with an integer multiple of 19 kHz. It is desirable.
- the above-mentioned crystal resonator has an FM broadcast wave frequency allocation interval, which is equal to the frequency obtained by multiplying the integer fraction of this frequency allocation interval by the frequency division ratio L of the third frequency divider. It is desirable to have a natural frequency that does not match an integer multiple of 19 kHz.
- the above-described crystal resonator has a natural vibration frequency of 32.768 kHz. As a result, it is possible to use a crystal resonator that is inexpensively available for watches, and the cost of parts can be reduced. [0014] Further, it is desirable that the above-described crystal resonator has a natural vibration frequency that matches the frequency allocation interval of the FM broadcast wave or an integral fraction of this frequency allocation interval. Alternatively, the crystal unit matches the frequency obtained by multiplying the frequency allocation interval of the FM broadcast wave or an integer fraction of this frequency allocation interval by the frequency division ratio L of the third frequency divider. It is desirable to have a natural vibration frequency. This makes it possible to generate and transmit an FM modulated signal with no frequency error for frequencies that can be received by the FM receiver, and the reception quality when the FM modulated signal is received by the FM receiver. Can be improved.
- the digital signal processing device described above performs an FM modulation operation on the stereo composite signal obtained by the stereo modulation operation, and an IQ modulation operation that extracts the I component and the Q component of the signal after the FM modulation. It is desirable.
- the carrier wave generation circuit described above generates two types of carrier waves that are 90 ° out of phase with each other, a signal corresponding to each of the I component and Q component extracted by the digital signal processing device, and the carrier wave generation circuit
- the two mixers that mix each of the two types of carrier waves generated by, the adder that adds the two types of signals mixed by these two mixers, and the output signal of the adder are amplified. It is desirable to further include a transmission circuit having an antenna power transmitting amplifier. By adopting the IQ modulation method, the image contained in the FM transmission signal can be reduced.
- the second PLL circuit described above preferably includes an oscillator whose oscillation frequency changes in accordance with the amplitude of the stereo composite signal obtained by the stereo modulation operation by the digital signal processing device.
- an oscillator whose oscillation frequency changes in accordance with the amplitude of the stereo composite signal obtained by the stereo modulation operation by the digital signal processing device.
- an external circuit is connected instead of the oscillator to which the above-described crystal resonator is connected, and a signal supplied from the external circuit is used instead of the output signal of the oscillator to which the crystal resonator is connected.
- the signal generated by a part of other devices such as FM receivers (external circuit) can be used. Since a dedicated crystal unit and oscillator can be omitted, the configuration can be simplified.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of an FM transmitter according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of an analog front end.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating operation timings of three frequency dividers.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of a DSP.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a modification of the FM transmitter in which the FM modulation processing is performed by changing the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit included in the voltage controlled oscillator.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of a DSP included in the FM transmitter shown in FIG. Explanation of symbols
- DSP digital signal processor
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an FM transmitter according to an embodiment.
- the FM transmitter of this embodiment has an analog front end (analog FE) 10, DSP (digital signal processor) 20, digital-analog converter (DZA) 30, 32, mixer 40, 4 2 , Karo arithmetic 44, amplifier 46, antenna 48, clock generation circuit 50, frequency synthesizer 60, crystal oscillator 70, oscillator (OSC) 72, frequency divider 78, 80, 82, 84, control unit 90, operation unit 92 and a display unit 94 are provided.
- analog front end an analog front end (analog FE) 10
- DSP digital signal processor
- DZA digital-analog converter
- mixer 40 4 2
- Karo arithmetic 44 amplifier 46
- antenna 48 clock generation circuit 50
- frequency synthesizer 60 crystal oscillator 70
- oscillator (OSC) 72 oscillator
- frequency divider 78 frequency divider 78
- 80, 82, 84 control unit
- the analog front end 10 receives an L signal and an analog stereo signal that also has an R signal power, and converts this into L data and R data as digital stereo data.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of the analog front end 10. As shown in FIG. 2, the analog front end 10 includes low-pass filters (LPF) 11 and 12, analog-to-digital converters (A / D) 13, switches 14 and 15, and latches 16 and 17. The analog L signal passes through the low-pass filter 11 and then is input to the analog-to-digital converter 13 via the switch 14. Similarly, the analog R signal is input to the analog-to-digital converter 13 via the switch 14 after passing through the low-pass filter 12.
- LPF low-pass filters
- a / D analog-to-digital converters
- the analog-to-digital converter 13 samples the input L signal and R signal at a predetermined sampling frequency fs to generate digital L data and R data.
- the L data generated by the analog / digital converter 13 is held in the latch 16 via the switch 15.
- the R data generated by the analog-digital converter 13 is held in the latch 17 via the switch 15.
- the two switches 14 and 15 are for switching the input / output system of the analog-to-digital converter 13 in synchronization, and switch the connection destination at a frequency 2fs that is twice the sampling frequency fs.
- the low-pass filter to which the L signal is input by switch 14 When the filter 11 and the analog-digital converter 13 are connected !, the switch 15 connects the analog-digital converter 13 and the latch 16 for holding L data.
- the analog digital conversion 13 and the latch 17 for holding the R data are connected by the switch 15. Is connected. From the analog front end 10, the L data and R data held in the latches 16 and 17 are output to the DSP 20 at the next stage.
- analog-digital conversion processing for the L signal and the R signal using one analog-digital converter 13 is performed. Two analog-digital conversions are used for these two types of signals. It is possible to have a separate analog-digital conversion process.
- the DSP 20 performs stereo modulation processing, FM modulation processing, and IQ modulation processing by digital processing based on L data and R data output from the analog front end 10.
- audio data and RDS data are input to the DSP 20, and various processes described above can be performed on these data.
- I / Q data after IQ modulation is output from DSP20. Details of the DSP 20 will be described later.
- the digital-to-analog converter 30 converts the I data output from the DSP 20 into an analog I signal.
- the digital-analog converter 32 converts the Q data output from the DSP 20 into an analog Q signal.
- the mixer 40 mixes and outputs the I signal output from one of the digital-analog converters 30 and a predetermined local oscillation signal (referred to as a first local oscillation signal).
- the mixer 42 mixes the Q signal output from the other digital-analog converter 32 and a local oscillation signal (referred to as a second local oscillation signal) that is 90 ° out of phase with the first local oscillation signal.
- the adder 44 combines and outputs the signals output from the two mixers 40 and 42.
- the output (FM modulated signal) of the adder 44 is transmitted from the antenna 48 after being amplified by the amplifier 46.
- the clock generation circuit 50 generates an operation clock signal CLK necessary for digital processing of the DSP 20. For example, a reference frequency signal frl of 32.768 kHz is input, and the frequency (80.642 MHz) of the frequency multiplied by 2461 times this frequency is synchronized with this reference frequency signal. A clock signal CLK is generated.
- the clock generation circuit 50 includes a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) 52, a frequency divider (lZm) 54, a phase comparator (PD) 56, and a low-pass filter (LPF) 58.
- VCO voltage-controlled oscillator
- lZm frequency divider
- PD phase comparator
- LPF low-pass filter
- the phase comparator 56 performs phase comparison between the frequency-divided signal output from the frequency divider 54 and the reference frequency signal frl, and outputs a pulse signal having an advance or delay according to the phase difference.
- the low pass filter 58 smoothes the pulse signal output from the phase comparator 56 and generates a control voltage Vc to be supplied to the voltage controlled oscillator 52.
- the clock generation circuit 50 has a PLL configuration (first PLL circuit), and generates a clock signal CLK having a frequency (80.642 MHz) that is 2461 times the frequency of the reference frequency signal frl. Enter DSP20.
- the frequency synthesizer 60 generates an oscillation signal necessary for generating the first and second local oscillation signals input to the mixers 40 and 42. For example, a reference frequency signal fr2 of 32.768 kHz is input, and a signal having a frequency n times the frequency is generated in synchronization with the reference frequency signal.
- the frequency synthesizer 60 includes a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) 62, a variable frequency divider (lZn) 64, a phase comparator (PD) 66, and a low-pass filter (LP F) 68.
- VCO voltage controlled oscillator
- lZn variable frequency divider
- PD phase comparator
- LP F low-pass filter
- the variable frequency divider 64 divides the output signal of the voltage controlled oscillator 62 by a variable frequency division ratio n and outputs it.
- the phase comparator 66 performs phase comparison between the frequency-divided signal output from the variable frequency divider 64 and the reference frequency signal fr2, and outputs a pulse signal with a duty corresponding to the phase difference.
- the low pass filter 68 smoothes the pulse signal output from the phase comparator 66 and generates a control voltage Vd to be supplied to the voltage controlled oscillator 62.
- the frequency synthesizer 60 has a PLL configuration (second PLL circuit), and generates a signal having a frequency n times the frequency of the reference frequency signal fr2.
- the frequency division ratio n of the variable frequency divider 64 is set by the control unit 90.
- the oscillator 72 is connected to a crystal resonator 70 and oscillates at the natural vibration frequency of the crystal resonator 70.
- the crystal unit 70 has a natural vibration frequency lower than 38 kHz. Specifically, it is easy to obtain and inexpensive.
- a crystal resonator 70 having a dynamic frequency is used.
- the 37.7 68 kHz oscillation signal output from the oscillator 72 is directly input to the frequency synthesizer 60 as the reference frequency signal fr2 and also input to the clock generation circuit 50 as the reference frequency signal frl.
- Divider 78 has a division ratio set to K (K is an integer equal to or greater than 1), and divides the output signal of voltage controlled oscillator 62 in frequency synthesizer 60 by a division ratio ⁇ . And output.
- K is an integer equal to or greater than 1
- ⁇ is set to 1 for the sake of simplicity.
- Each of the three frequency dividers 80, 82, and 84 is set to a division ratio of 2, and a signal having a frequency of 1Z4 is used as the first local oscillation signal with respect to the output signal of the frequency divider 78.
- a signal having the same frequency as the first local oscillation signal and having a phase difference of 90 ° is generated as the second local oscillation signal.
- the frequency divider 80 is used for waveform shaping, and the frequency dividers 82 and 84 are used to generate first and second local oscillation signals that are 90 ° out of phase.
- the frequency divider 80 is used to ensure that the frequency dividers 82 and 84 can obtain a signal having a duty ratio of 50%. If the duty ratio of the output signals of the frequency dividers 82 and 84 is not 50%, the effect of image removal is remarkably deteriorated. Therefore, the frequency divider 80 is used to prevent this.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating operation timings of the three frequency dividers 80, 82, and 84.
- the frequency divider 80 divides the output signal of the frequency divider 78 indicated by “frequency divider 78 output” by 2, and outputs the result.
- the frequency divider 82 operates in synchronization with the rising timing of the output signal of the frequency divider 80, and divides this output signal by two and outputs the result.
- the frequency divider 84 operates in synchronization with the falling timing of the output signal of the frequency divider 80, and divides this output signal by 2 and outputs it. In this way, the first and second local oscillation signals having a frequency of 1Z4 with respect to the output signal of the frequency divider 78 and different in phase by 90 ° are generated.
- the control unit 90 controls the entire FM transmitter. For example, the control unit 90 sets the frequency division ratio of the variable frequency divider 64 in the frequency synthesizer 60 and determines the transmission frequency of the FM modulation signal.
- the operation unit 92 includes various switches that are operated by the user. For example, a power switch, an up key that instructs switching of the transmission frequency, a down key, and a selection instruction for a resource to be transmitted (instructs whether or not a deviation between analog audio signal and digital audio data is to be transmitted) ) Select key etc. Yes.
- the display unit 94 displays the transmission frequency, the operation details of the operation unit 92, the remaining battery level, etc.
- the functions of all components except the crystal unit 70, the antenna 48, the operation unit 92, and the display unit 94 are integrally formed on one semiconductor substrate using a semiconductor process.
- a semiconductor process By forming each function of all parts except for some parts such as quartz crystal 70 as a single-chip part by a semiconductor process, it is possible to reduce the size of FM transmitter, simplify manufacturing, reduce power consumption, etc. become. In particular, by adopting a CMOS process as a semiconductor process, these effects become significant.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of the DSP 20.
- the DSP 20 includes a low-pass filter (LPF) 200, a digital audio processing unit 202, a multiplexer (MUX) 204, a pre-emphasis processing unit 206, a stereo composite signal generation unit 210, and RDS (Radio Data System) data.
- LPF low-pass filter
- MUX multiplexer
- pre-emphasis processing unit 206 a pre-emphasis processing unit 206
- a stereo composite signal generation unit 210 and RDS (Radio Data System) data.
- RDS Radio Data System
- An encoder 230, an adder 232, an interpolation processor 240, an FMZIQ modulation processor 242 and a frequency shift processor 246 are provided. Functional capabilities of each component These are realized by digital processing performed by DSP20.
- the low-pass filter 200 performs band limitation to prevent overmodulation, and removes a high-frequency component included in each of L data and R data.
- the digital audio processing unit 202 extracts the L data and R data included in the digital audio data, and the sampling rate of these L data and R data is the same as that for this embodiment. When the rate is different from the predetermined rate, the sampling rate is converted.
- the multiplexer 204 selects and outputs either the L data and R data input through the low pass filter 200 or the L data and R data output from the digital audio processing unit 202. Which data is selected is determined by the control unit 90 according to the operation state of the selection key of the operation unit 92.
- the pre-emphasis processing unit 206 is used to emphasize the modulation degree of the high frequency component.
- the stereo composite signal generation unit 210 performs stereo modulation to generate a stereo composite signal (stereo composite signal), and includes an addition unit 212, 216, 218, 220 and a subtraction unit 214. Yes.
- Adder 212 adds L data and R data (L + R) Ingredients are generated.
- the subtraction unit 214 subtracts the R data from the L data to generate an (L—R) component.
- the adder 216 adds the 38 kHz subcarrier signal to the (LR) component generated by the subtractor 214.
- the adder 218 further adds the addition results from the adders 212 and 216 to generate a signal including the (L + R) component, the (LR) component, and the subcarrier signal.
- a pilot signal is added to this signal by the adder 220 to generate a stereo composite signal, which is output from the stereo composite signal generator 210.
- the RDS data encoder 230 performs a predetermined encoding process on RDS character data and the like to generate RDS data.
- Adder 232 adds RDS output from RDS data encoder 230 to the stereo composite signal from which stereo composite signal generator 210 is also output. By this addition process, a stereo composite signal in which RDS data is superimposed on a predetermined frequency band (around 57 kHz) is generated.
- Interpolation processing section 240 performs an interpolation process for increasing the number of data for the input stereo composite signal. For example, a 50 times oversampling process that generates 49 data by interpolation between two data that are input in sequence is performed.
- the FMZIQ modulation processing unit 242 performs FM modulation processing on the stereo composite signal after interpolation processing, and extracts the I component and Q component of the modulated data.
- the real part (cos component) is the I component
- the imaginary part (sin component) is the Q component.
- the frequency shift processing unit 246 performs frequency shift (frequency conversion) on the I data and Q data output from the FMZIQ modulation processing unit 242. This frequency shift processing is to prevent signal wraparound in the mixers 40 and 42 provided in the subsequent stage of the DSP 20.
- the FMZIQ modulation processing unit 242 outputs data that has been frequency modulated in the baseband region. Assuming that this data is input directly to the mixers 40 and 42, the mixers 40 and 42 have the same frequency as the first and second local oscillation signals output from the frequency dividers 82 and 84, respectively. An FM modulated signal is output.
- the frequency shift processing unit 246 performs the process of increasing the frequency for data having the frequency in the baseband region. If the shifted frequency is the offset frequency f and the frequency of the first offset and second local oscillation signals is f, the frequency of the output signal of the mixers 40 and 42 is
- the offset frequency f is set appropriately.
- the LO offset By setting the LO offset to the LO offset offset value, it is possible to prevent carrier leakage in which the local oscillation signal leaks within the band of the transmission signal output from the mixers 40 and 42.
- the frequency synthesizer 60, the frequency dividers 78, 80, 82 and 84 described above are used as a carrier wave generation circuit, the frequency divider 54 is used as a first frequency divider, and the variable frequency divider 64 is used as a second frequency divider.
- the frequency dividers 78, 80, 82, and 84 correspond to the third frequency divider, and the mixers 40 and 42, the adder 44, and the amplifier 46 correspond to the transmission circuit.
- a clock signal of high frequency and frequency (80.642MHz in the example shown in Fig. 1) is generated using the clock generation circuit 50 and is subjected to stereo processing by digital processing by the DSP 20, It is not necessary to generate a 38kHz signal as a carrier or a 19kHz signal as a pilot signal. For this reason, it is possible to improve the degree of freedom in selecting a component (quartz crystal unit).
- the crystal resonator 70 having a natural vibration frequency of 32.768 kHz is inexpensively available for watches, it is easy to obtain and can reduce the cost of parts.
- the maximum error is half the frequency of 32.768 kHz, but this error is reduced to 1Z4 (4.096 kHz by passing the output signal of frequency synthesizer 60 through divider 80 etc. ) Can be reduced. If the FM modulation signal bandwidth is 150 kHz, this 4.096 kHz error is considered to be negligible.
- the reference frequency signal of the PLL frequency synthesizer generally, a frequency that is 1 / integer of the frequency allocation interval of FM broadcast waves (100 kHz in Japan) is selected.
- the frequency of the PLL is reduced by reducing the frequency as much as possible using a frequency divider.
- a technique for reducing the difference between the frequency of the actual output signal of the synthesizer and the frequency of the signal desired to be transmitted is employed.
- the error of the oscillation frequency will be described using specific numerical values as follows.
- Ftx Fr X n / (4K) It becomes.
- n is the frequency division ratio of the variable frequency divider 64
- 4K is the frequency division ratio of the frequency dividers 78, 80, 82, and 84 as a whole.
- n 10986.
- 2.70kHz which is the fraction (0.33), is the frequency error of the FM modulated signal that you want to transmit.
- the error of the transmission frequency can be reduced by inserting the frequency dividers 78, 80, 82, 84 in the subsequent stage of the frequency synthesizer 60.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the gist of the present invention.
- the FM modulation processing and IQ modulation processing are performed on the DSP 20, but the DSP only generates a stereo composite signal, and the FM modulation processing is arranged in a stage subsequent to the DSP. You may do this.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a modification of the FM transmitter in which the FM modulation processing is performed by changing the resonance frequency of the resonance circuit included in the voltage controlled oscillator.
- the FM transmitter shown in Figure 5 has an analog front end 10, DSP20A, digital-to-analog converter 30A, amplifier 46, antenna 48, clock generation circuit 50, frequency synthesizer 60A, crystal resonator 70, oscillator (OSC) 72, minute A peripheral 86, a control unit 90, an operation unit 92, and a display unit 94 are provided.
- components that perform basically the same operations as the components of the FM transmitter shown in Fig. 1 are given the same reference numerals, and the following description focuses on components that have different basic operations.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of the DSP 20A included in the FM transmitter shown in FIG.
- the DSP 20A performs stereo modulation processing based on the L data and R data output from the analog front end 10.
- DSP20A is a low-pass filter. (LPF) 200, digital audio processing unit 202, multiplexer (MUX) 204, pre-emphasis processing unit 206, stereo composite signal generation unit 210, and addition unit 232.
- LPF low-pass filter.
- MUX multiplexer
- pre-emphasis processing unit 206 stereo composite signal generation unit 210
- addition unit 232 addition unit 232.
- Functional capabilities of each component are realized by digital processing performed by DSP20A.
- the DSP 20A has a configuration in which the interpolation processing unit 240, the FM ZIQ modulation processing unit 242 and the frequency shift processing unit 246 are omitted from the DSP 20 shown in FIG.
- the DSP 20A directly outputs the stereo composite signal output from the stereo composite signal generation unit 210.
- the stereo composite signal (digital data) output from the DSP 20A is converted into an analog signal by the digital / analog converter 30A and input to the frequency synthesizer 60A.
- the frequency synthesizer 60A receives the reference frequency signal fr2, and generates a signal having a frequency n times the frequency in synchronization with the reference frequency signal.
- the frequency synthesizer 60 includes an oscillator (OSC) 62A, an inductor 62B, a variable capacitance diode 62C, a capacitor 62D, resistors 62E and 62F, a variable frequency divider (lZn) 64, a phase comparator (PD) 66, A low pass filter (LPF) 68 is provided.
- the oscillator 62A constitutes a voltage-controlled oscillator together with a parallel resonant circuit including an inductor 62B, a variable capacitance diode 62C, and a capacitor 62D.
- the output terminal of the low-pass filter 68 is connected to the connection point between the variable-diode diode 62C and the capacitor 62D via the resistor 62E, and the resonance frequency of the parallel resonant circuit is determined according to the control voltage Vd output from the low-pass filter 68.
- the oscillator 62A oscillates at this frequency.
- the output terminal of the digital-analog converter 30A is connected to the connection point between the variable capacitance diode 62C and the capacitor 62D through a resistor 62F. Since the stereo composite signal is output from the digital-analog converter 30A, the oscillation frequency of the oscillator 62A also changes when it changes according to the amplitude of the potential stereo composite signal at the connection point between the variable capacitance diode 62C and the capacitor 62D. In this way, the FM modulation operation for the stereo composite signal is performed.
- the frequency divider 86 divides the oscillation signal of the oscillator 62A in the frequency synthesizer 60A by 4K.
- the output signal (FM modulated signal) of the frequency divider 86 is transmitted from the antenna 48 after being amplified by the amplifier 46.
- the DSP 20A generates a stereo composite signal and performs frequency synthesis.
- the FM modulation may be performed by changing the oscillation frequency of the oscillator 62A in the 60A according to the amplitude of the stereo composite signal.
- direct modulation method that varies the carrier frequency, it is possible to transmit FM modulated signals with a simple configuration.
- the crystal resonator 70 having a natural vibration frequency of 32.768 kHz is used.
- the natural vibration frequency of the crystal resonator 70 is the frequency of the reference frequency signals frl, fr2, and FM broadcast waves.
- the relationship between various frequencies that are the application range of the present invention is as follows. (1) Crystal oscillator 70! When the vibration frequency does not match the frequency allocation interval of FM broadcast waves or 1 of this frequency allocation interval integer>
- frequency dividers 78, 80, 82, 84 with an overall division ratio of ⁇ 4K '' are connected to the output side of the power frequency synthesizer 60, where the frequency allocation interval of FM broadcast waves is 100 kHz.
- the frequency interval required for the frequency synthesizer 60 is (4 ⁇ 100) kHz. Therefore, the case of (1) means that the natural vibration frequency of the crystal unit 70 does not coincide with (4 K X 100) kHz or does not coincide with an integer fraction of (4K X 100) kHz.
- K l
- a crystal resonator 70 having a natural vibration frequency that does not coincide with 400 kHz or a value of an integer of 400 kHz is used.
- the natural frequency (32.768 kHz) of the crystal unit 70 shown in Fig. 1 applies to the case of (1).
- the frequency divider 86 can be omitted.
- 4 K 1, so 100 kHz is present! /, Which is equal to one integer value of 100 kHz.
- Okay! A quartz crystal 70 with a natural frequency is used.
- the natural vibration frequency of the crystal resonator 70 may be made to coincide with (4KX 100) kHz or 1 / integer of (4K X 100) kHz. This makes it possible to generate and transmit FM modulated signals with no frequency error for frequencies that can be received by FM receivers, and receive quality when FM modulated signals are received by FM receivers. Can be improved.
- the oscillator 72 to which the crystal unit 70 is connected is used.
- an external circuit (not shown) is connected to the external circuit.
- the signal supplied to the circuit may also be input to the clock generation circuit 50 and the frequency synthesizer 60 as the reference frequency signals frl and fr2.
- the crystal oscillator 70 and oscillator 72 dedicated to the FM transmitter can be obtained by using signals generated by a part of the FM receiver (external circuit). Since this can be omitted, the configuration can be simplified.
- each function of all components except the crystal resonator is formed as one chip component by a semiconductor process, so that the FM transmitter can be reduced in size, easier to manufacture, and less in power consumption. Reduction or the like becomes possible. In particular, these effects become remarkable by adopting a CMOS process as a semiconductor process.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Transmitters (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/067,164 US20090268916A1 (en) | 2005-09-21 | 2006-06-27 | Fm transmitter |
| GB0805225A GB2444671A (en) | 2005-09-21 | 2006-06-27 | FM Transmitter |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005-273060 | 2005-09-21 | ||
| JP2005273060A JP2007088657A (ja) | 2005-09-21 | 2005-09-21 | Fmトランスミッタ |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2007034608A1 true WO2007034608A1 (ja) | 2007-03-29 |
Family
ID=37888664
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2006/312766 Ceased WO2007034608A1 (ja) | 2005-09-21 | 2006-06-27 | Fmトランスミッタ |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090268916A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP2007088657A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101268618A (ja) |
| GB (1) | GB2444671A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2007034608A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009141711A (ja) * | 2007-12-06 | 2009-06-25 | Kenwood Corp | Fm変調回路 |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080187142A1 (en) * | 2007-02-06 | 2008-08-07 | Rohm Co., Ltd. | Fm transmitter |
| US8126151B2 (en) | 2007-11-07 | 2012-02-28 | Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc | Audio signal processing circuit |
| JP5272555B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-22 | 2013-08-28 | 株式会社リコー | Fmトランスミッタ |
| JP2010087603A (ja) | 2008-09-29 | 2010-04-15 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | 音声信号処理回路 |
| JP5072801B2 (ja) * | 2008-10-30 | 2012-11-14 | 株式会社リコー | Fmトランスミッタ |
| US7920006B1 (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2011-04-05 | Alvand Technologies, Inc. | Clocking scheme for efficient digital noise reduction in mixed-signal systems-on-chip |
| US8090318B2 (en) | 2009-02-24 | 2012-01-03 | Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc | Digital data processing circuit |
| GB201115119D0 (en) * | 2011-09-01 | 2011-10-19 | Multi Mode Multi Media Solutions Nv | Generation of digital clock for system having RF circuitry |
| CN103166653A (zh) * | 2013-03-18 | 2013-06-19 | 成都中远信电子科技有限公司 | 新型远距离发射机 |
| WO2015061622A1 (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2015-04-30 | Marvell World Trade Ltd. | Sample-rate conversion in a multi-clock system sharing a common reference |
| CN109073745B (zh) * | 2016-04-05 | 2021-08-31 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 频率调制电路、fm-cw雷达及高速调制雷达 |
| EP3367122B1 (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2020-10-14 | Nxp B.V. | Apparatus for a radio device |
| CN109150176A (zh) * | 2018-07-05 | 2019-01-04 | 福州瑞芯微电子股份有限公司 | Wifi射频芯片参考时钟电路、时钟合成电路、应用处理器 |
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| JPH09214252A (ja) * | 1996-02-02 | 1997-08-15 | Fujitsu Ten Ltd | ダイレクト検波を用いたam/fmチューナ |
| JPH09321720A (ja) * | 1996-05-27 | 1997-12-12 | Rohm Co Ltd | Fmステレオ送信機 |
| JPH11510677A (ja) * | 1996-05-24 | 1999-09-14 | インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレーション | Fm無線機における搬送波周波数補償装置、その方法、及びdspに使用可能な媒体 |
| JP2001512912A (ja) * | 1997-07-31 | 2001-08-28 | エリクソン インコーポレイテッド | 周波数変調無線送信機および偏移制御方法 |
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| US5065408A (en) * | 1990-04-26 | 1991-11-12 | Motorola, Inc. | Fractional-division synthesizer for a voice/data communications systems |
| JPH0865105A (ja) * | 1994-08-18 | 1996-03-08 | Hitachi Denshi Ltd | サンプリング周波数変換装置 |
| JPH08223071A (ja) * | 1995-02-08 | 1996-08-30 | Sony Corp | 送信機及び送受信機 |
| JP3304683B2 (ja) * | 1995-05-02 | 2002-07-22 | 富士通株式会社 | 無線装置 |
| US6032028A (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 2000-02-29 | Continentral Electronics Corporation | Radio transmitter apparatus and method |
| JP2000228635A (ja) * | 1999-02-05 | 2000-08-15 | Rohm Co Ltd | Fm送信機 |
| JP2000341165A (ja) * | 1999-05-25 | 2000-12-08 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 通信装置、通信方法および記録媒体 |
| US6782239B2 (en) * | 2002-06-21 | 2004-08-24 | Neuros Audio L.L.C. | Wireless output input device player |
| JP2007096694A (ja) * | 2005-09-28 | 2007-04-12 | Neuro Solution Corp | Fmトランスミッタ |
-
2005
- 2005-09-21 JP JP2005273060A patent/JP2007088657A/ja active Pending
-
2006
- 2006-06-27 GB GB0805225A patent/GB2444671A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-06-27 US US12/067,164 patent/US20090268916A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-06-27 WO PCT/JP2006/312766 patent/WO2007034608A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2006-06-27 CN CNA2006800346075A patent/CN101268618A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09214252A (ja) * | 1996-02-02 | 1997-08-15 | Fujitsu Ten Ltd | ダイレクト検波を用いたam/fmチューナ |
| JPH11510677A (ja) * | 1996-05-24 | 1999-09-14 | インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレーション | Fm無線機における搬送波周波数補償装置、その方法、及びdspに使用可能な媒体 |
| JPH09321720A (ja) * | 1996-05-27 | 1997-12-12 | Rohm Co Ltd | Fmステレオ送信機 |
| JP2001512912A (ja) * | 1997-07-31 | 2001-08-28 | エリクソン インコーポレイテッド | 周波数変調無線送信機および偏移制御方法 |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009141711A (ja) * | 2007-12-06 | 2009-06-25 | Kenwood Corp | Fm変調回路 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20090268916A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
| GB2444671A (en) | 2008-06-11 |
| JP2007088657A (ja) | 2007-04-05 |
| CN101268618A (zh) | 2008-09-17 |
| GB0805225D0 (en) | 2008-04-30 |
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