WO2007033446A1 - Arrow-trees: process to develop aforestations and reforestations in large scales with the use of aircrafts - Google Patents

Abstract

Arrow-trees: process to develop aforestations and reforestations in large scales with the use of aircrafts, understood by Wild Tree Seedlings (1) wrapped up in disposable Arrow shaped cocoons (2), mounted on special applying equipment installed in aircrafts that propitiate the planting of forests in large scale.

Description

"ARROW-TREES: PROCESS TO DEVELOP

AFORESTATIONS AND REFORESTATIONS IN LARGE SCALES WITH THE USE OF AIRCRAFTS"

The term Reforestation is very well known and is used to classify the act of developing homogeneous forest plantations such as pinus and eucalyptus for manufacturing means. Now, the term Aforestation, less known, is used to designate the act of replanting or reconstructing the Natural Forests in areas where they have already existed, but that where Inadvertently Extinct by Men's Unconscious and Predatory Actions or bv Dry Weather periods followed by Forest Fires.

Humanity certifies today that the Destroyed Forests caused by man, Dry Weather and Fires in the past, will never be reconstructed by itself: only if we want to recompose the Destroyed Natural Forests, or if we wish to introduce New Forests to improve our weather, or to eliminate desert areas (that where not deserts before) which are drying out and are becoming deserts, these Forests will once again be conceived through the decided intervention, the action, the will, the intelligence and men's technology to recreate forests with the intent of preserving its Global Habitat, at the same time providing the survival necessities of the Local Population.

The present Patent of Invention is related to an original Process of Quick Reconstruction, at low costs, or at zero cost for those who introduce the Aforestation through the opportunities and resources provided bv the Kyoto Protocol - Reconstruction of Extinct Natural Forests in areas where they have already existed and were Inadvertently Destroyed - especially along the last century, through men's Unconscious and Predatory Actions, causing serious Climate Modifications and the Reduction of Freshwater Production in large rivers all over the Planet. The process can also be used as an alternative technique for the introduction of the present Reforestations.

The growth of the Global Urban Population in big cities, the increase use of running water and hydropower are necessities that are on the increase in modern life. To provide these necessities conveniently, man has increased the impounding of water in the rivers and has constructed great Hydroelectric power stations.

The importance of water in modern life is growing with the population Growth. On the other hand, the scarcity of water from the rivers is increasing alarmingly. Water supply systems from the big cities are beginning to collapse due to the lack of rain and the reduction of the water outflow in the rivers in periods of Dry Weather, which happens more frequently. Specialized Opinions exist, asserting that freshwater will be one of the most scarce goods in this century, even more than Petroleum.

Why are there many rivers throughout the World Drying out? Simple: the Rivers are Drying Out because the Underground waterbearing that they send the Water for the Rivers they are drying. The water-bearing stratuns fueled by the rain that falls over their hydrographical basins. It occurs that the basins are losing the bordering Forests and without forest roofing, which propitiates shade on the ground, a large part of the rain water returns to the Atmosphere through evaporation, without infiltrating itself and without humidifying the soil conveniently, reducing or even drying completely the Ground Water that feeds these rivers.

Therefore, the Outflow Recovery of a depredated river, necessarily goes through the recovery of its ground water, thus, by the bordering Forest reconstruction through mega operations of aforestation, practical objective of this Patent of Invention. The new introduced forests will once again propitiate shade over the ground and will allow the water from the rain to infiltrate again into the underground, recomposing the dried out or reduced groundwater, over and again recapturing the water outflow in the rivers today degraded, returning to its original outflow.

On the other hand, another Gigantic Technical and Environmental Motive exists, very relevant, that provides us the huge opportunity to Invest and Create Jobs in a large scale to develop and introduce the present Patent of Invention which makes feasible the large scale introduction of the Aflorestation: the Planets Greenhouse Effect and the Kyoto Protocol.

The combustion of only one liter of gasoline in a car introduces more than 1,000 liters of carbon dioxide in the Atmosphere. The same occurs when we burn natural gases or bottled gases, diesel, kerosene, oil fuels, charcoal or on forest fires; or when we generate thermoelectricity. Hundreds of millions of automobiles and trucks transit daily through the Planet. Billions of gas ovens cook daily for the Population, Dozens of Thousands of airplanes burn kerosene, besides ovens, stoves and industrial boilers, releasing daily, devastating quantities of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Scientists around the World agree that the CO2 volume is dangerously increasing in the atmosphere. The Greenhouse effect caused by the Increase of Measured CO2 Contents refrains part of the sunrays that strike the Planet to reflect back into space leaving the atmosphere. The image of figure #1 illustrates this effect: Increase of CO2 Contents in the Atmosphere: Heat Reflection Captured by the Greenhouse Effect, Increasing the Planets Temperature (1a)

This additional heat that remains in our planet is heating it Inexorably. This heating has in fact, already started to change our Climate: the years of 2003, 2002 and 1998 have been the warmest since 1861 ; in 2003 alone, there was an average heating of 0.45 degrees centigrade according to the OMM (Global Organization of Meteorology). The high temperatures that melt the Alps snow, besides causing much hotter summer with rain and abundant floods, leading to Natural Disasters such as Tornados and Hurricanes that are bigger and bigger, more and more intense and in a higher number since Typical Rotational Storm of warm periods.

Now, in 2003, a new Heating Cycle begins, even shadier: the effective melting of the Polar Icecaps in a first moment is already reducing the Oceans temperature in both hemispheres. Meteorologists certifies and forecasts, because of this, a warmer period with less rain over the Continents.

The delicate Global Equilibrium is irrupting while the Press and Global leaders are more concerned about the disputes in the Arabic World, and are still not aware of the effects of a much bigger problem to come: the effects of the Inadvertent Modification of the Climate on the Planet, caused by Man himself that starts to intensify. We are living a Gigantic Crisis of Perception.

The only effective formula recognized today by scientists around the world to reduce the CO2 Content in the Atmosphere, is to capture these gases through Photosynthesis, stimulating the forest implantations in large amounts in order to capture Gigantic Volumes of CO2, replacing oxygen to the Atmosphere. The Carbon captured will transform itself into cellulose molecules in the implanted forests. The Kyoto Protocol accepted with two scientifically irresponsible dissidences from the USA and Russia, in reducing to 5% the CO2 emission per year until 2012. Fuel Production Enterprises will have to globally promote, where there are available areas of land, forest plantation to capture the CO2 with maximum security.

The present Patent of Invention: " Arrow -Trees - Developing Process of Aflorestations and Reforestation in large Scale with the use of Aircrafts ", is a new and original method of implanting artificial Forests in large scale, by either Aforestation or Reforestations, using tree seedling properly treated to provide an accelerated growth of these trees through the Process.

The seedlings are conveniently wrapped up in a disposable cocoon in the shape of an arrow or dart, that when releases from an aircraft (helicopter or air plane) above the area to be forested, falls to the ground in a descendant and ballistic rout. When they touch the ground they impale in such a way that the roots bury themselves in the ground, allowing the appropriate planting of these seedlings in large scales. The arrow cocoon opens itself after impaling in the ground, providing the plantation.

This process if necessary, should be applied in a combined operation with another Patent from the same Author: " Equipment and Process to Unleash the Precipitation of Rain from Convective Clouds of the Cumulus Type, through Pulverization of controlled Collecting Raindrops", process which has been patented in Brazil under the # Pl 01004199 and in the World with the International Deposit in Geneva, to all the signatory countries, under the # PTC/BR03-00027.

In this manner, in the areas to be Reforested or Aforested it is previously produced an artificial rain located and controlled to humidify the soil conveniently, allowing the subsequent seedling planting, with a high probability of success. The production of various rains, before and after the plantation, will be a vital factor to guarantee its successful growth, implanting the desired forest.

If there are too many weeds on the areas planted, fact that would impair or make it impracticable the development of the planted seedlings, the same helicopter would previously apply in these areas, an herbicide in order to exterminate them, using a technology based on the pulverization of a herbicide solution composed of size controlled droplets.

This technology drastically reduces the herbicide dosage, (to 1/10 of the current used dosages), volume of sprayed liquid to per hectare, and at the same time, reduces significantly (with almost 25 times less water), fact that makes feasible the air application with minimum entrainment of the herbicide to neighboring areas, proved according to several scientific experimentations.

This scientifically proven process in high level experimentation camps, did not become operational because of economical injunctions, at the time of its discovery in the 80's decade.

Why not sow the new trees, instead of applying seedlings in the form of arrow trees? In practice, in general, the seeds of most of the vegetables species, with the exception of weeds, have a very low rate of germination outside of its ideal condition and periods of germination. Along the year, it has been proved in agriculture that the germination of seeds from vegetable species, in general food production, practically doesn't germinate in the presence of weeds and ants.

Germination with a high rate of efficiency, is given only in soil properly prepared, with controlled humidity and fertilizers in an ideal quantity, using seeds correctly stored in the shade and planted on ideal periods of germination. In a forest degraded by Man or Dry Weather followed by fires, the ideal conditions of the seeds germination of the remainder trees were destroyed, the weed and ant invades the area making it impossible the appearance of new natural trees.

Another fundamental factor brings the option for seedlings produced by Man: Along the years the technology developed in Horticulture (Fruit Growing), Horticulture and in Reforestation, created Accelerated Growing Techniques on the fruitful species, on flowers and reforested Eucalyptus. Fruitful trees, that take ten to twenty years to produce fruitage from seeds, achieve the productive adult phase in only two to three years from produced seedlings using techniques of ESTAQUYA, ENXERTIA or Deep-rooted Hormones such as GIBERELICO Acid and the like. Trees that grow until five times faster also capture five times more Carbon Dioxide from the Atmosphere.

Finally in this part of general explanation of the characteristics of this Patent, we have to emphasize that these Natural Forests introduced by man, will have to attend the economical necessities, the sustentation and work generation to the modern man that inhabits the area. If this factor is not complied it will unquestionably generate new predatory actions over these established forests.

To provide this most important social necessity, we can create a modern natural forest, with a mixture of vegetables species suitable to the Region, to the Climate, joined with the wild food production of economical interest to large produce them besides its juices, jams, ice creams, etc. for exportation all over the word, settling man to the ground, giving man sustainable work, and taking in advantage the great current preference around the world for Natural Products. Therefore, entire regions of the Country, characterized by mountain areas with no use for mechanized or pastured agriculture (The Cattle doesn't go up the hills to feed), such as the Serra da Mantiqueira, areas of the degraded Atlantic Forest, the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia where the dieing Sao Francisco River runs, will be able to be completely Aforested with seedling of forests species of Wild Regional Fruits. The financial resources to produce these forests will be abundant investments from Foreign Countries, derived from Petroleum Industries, fulfillers of the Kyoto Protocol, in an innovating and creative operation from a Global level, which at once, will be able to bring these foreign resources, much necessary to the Country. Recovering the degraded rivers, increasing the production of water, creating jobs in the fields, settling man to the area, without the necessity of destroying the environment and helping man sustain himself for becoming his own economical maintenance are essential characteristics of an Innovating and Original Process, of great benefit for society, which as we see it, completely justifies the present Plead of Patent of Invention.

For a better comprehension of the technology involved and the perfect understanding of the present Plead, we inquire as in assistance to the text, the Images containing technical details, constructive Schemes of the involved products from the present Patent, of which contents has only the illustrating mean to demonstrate in practice the possible mechanic solutions to achieve the original objectives of this Patent. It stays clear, however, that constructive alternative forms, with the conception of mechanical modification, that leads to the same practice result in the end, and that can easily be elaborated, can obviously not, be classified as Processes different from those demonstrated in the present Patent of Invention. Figure #2 represents the illustrated view of an Arrow-Tree in downfall, where the seedling is partially sheltered in a dart shaped cocoon, with an extremity that will impale its entirety to the ground and the empennage (tail unit) that guides the vertical downfall.

Figure #3 represents the illustrated view of a helicopter applying herbicides over weeds, with the intent of exterminating them before applying the seedling plantation. This is an optional operation and it depends on the type of plant life the area and the necessity (or not) of exterminating these weeds. The breeze from the helicopters impeller conducts with precision the size controlled drops of the herbicide solution directly to the ground, without provoking the entrainment of the product on unwanted areas.

Figure #4 shows the difference between the types of drops from a conventional pulverizing tip 3-a and a pulverizing tip with size controlled drops 3-b.

Figure #5 shows different leeway of drops between the two types of application. The conventional pulverizer besides wasting much more water (25x) and herbicide (1Ox), has a large leeway effect, causing the product to reach distant areas and so, with higher costs, greater damages to the environment and using volumes of liquid that makes impracticable the aerial application. Figure #6 represents the illustrated view of a helicopter, equipped with the Cadenced applier of Arrow-Tree seedlings in full operation.

Figure #7, represents the illustration of a storage and feeder container of Arrow-Tree seedlings, and cadenced releasing equipment, progressive and adjustable of seedlings from the different species scheduled for planting. Figure #8 represents the illustration of the planting results, noticing the already burned weeds by the previous action of the herbicide, the planted seedling and the disposable cocoons already released to the ground. For a detailed description of the operation, it is implied that the area to be planted on, has already received natural or artificial rain which provides the adequate humidity to initiate the planting of Arrow-Trees. The Arrow-Tree in down fall from Figure #2 shows us the seedling (1) partially mounted in the interior of a disposable cocoon (2) dart shaped with an edge (3) the directional wings (4) the bolt systems (5) and the internal counterweight with an optional buffering spring (6).

Figure #3 shows us an optional precise aerial application of herbicide over an area to be planted on, seeking to exterminate or weaken the dominant weed in case they exist anό, from an agronomist's evaluation, the application is considered essential for the subsequent planting of Arrow-Trees to be well seceded, conquering the weeds resistance. The equipment counts with a tank (7), a stay bar from the pulverizing tip (8) that applies the size controlled drop solution (9) of the herbicide, still counting on a set of pumps, opening and closing valves, of quick adaptation to the helicopter bulge.

Figure #4 shows in particular, the application, that will be done with an equipment developed by the author also based on the technology of the Controlled Size Droplets ApYication, Figure 4-a shows the conventional pulverizers and, Figure 4-b the ones that apply the size controlled drops of herbicide solution, making feasible, in practice, the application of small volumes of water and herbicides, reducing weight, cost and increasing the precision of application in an operation practically without herbicide leeway.

Figure #5 shows a comparative scheme of leeway caused by a conventional applying tip and another with controlled size that releases same size drops of herbicide, only on the operator and pilots desired areas.

Figure #6 shows the application of Arrow-Trees in details with the appropriate ground (soil) humidity and with the weed already controlled. After applying the herbicide according to Figure #3 and the Arrow-Tree seedlings of figure #2 above the area previously determined (11). The rout and speed of the aircraft and the cadenced applying of seedlings must be adjustable according to criteria to achieve the plantation of an ideal number of trees per area to be planted on. The intensity of the vertical air flow from the bulge of the aircraft will determine experimentally the ideal mass of the counterweight (6) for a good functioning of the system, correctly impaling the dart shaped cocoon during the impact against the ground (12). The reforestations or Aforestations implanted in this way will be characterized as a highly productive operation with the capacity of thousands of square kilometers in a short period of time, technical characteristics absolutely necessary for a managing company of the process to manage the derived plantations from investors, usually foreign or from National Petroleum Companies such as Brasilian Petrobras. This company will need to contact the land owners, negotiate with foreign investors, join local seedling producers, perform economical studies of the possible seedling species to be introduced, with the mean of propitiating the planting and subsequently, watch over the area to avoid its destruction by forest fires, maintaining the forests appropriately humidified by artificial rain during the periods of Dry Weather and equipped airplanes for the combat against forest fires.

With the Aflorestations, if the land owners accept the planting, will be able to options about the fruitful species and its economical results derived from the harvest to be of used and for private benefits.

By the exposed, if there is an extensive worldwide acceptance of this Process and its benefits and, finally considering the global imperative necessity of reducing the Greenhouse effect, the already existing agreements in the Kyoto Protocol, the mountain areas of economical use in many parts of the Country and the World, the increasing lack of water in the big cities, besides the large areas that are becoming desert all over the Planet and that can be recovered. widely justifies the present Patent of Invention that besides generating employment all over the World, will bring inestimable and necessary benefits to all Humanity.

Claims

1 / 1CLAIMS

1. "ARROW-TREES: PROCESS TO DEVELOP AFORESTATIONS AND REFORESTATIONS IN LARGE SCALES WITH THE USE OF AIRCRAFTS", understood as tree seedlings produced to propitiate an accelerated growth of wild species, wild fruit to implant the Aforestation and/or Reforestation of accelerated growth, wrapped around an arrow or dart shaped cocoon, bi-divided or multi-divided, that can be launched from an aircraft (plane or helicopter) through a cadenced equipment, propitiating a fast and economical planting in large scale of the Reforestations or Aforestations.

2. "ARROW-TREES: PROCESS TO DEVELOP AFORESTATIONS AND REFORESTATIONS IN LARGE SCALES WITH THE USE OF AIRCRAFTS": characterized by optional utility, even in the same aircraft, pulverizing equipment in a process of size controlled drop application of a herbicide solution, that reduces substantially the herbicide dosage per area, the volume of necessary water and the leeway of the product in order not to reach undesired areas, in this way propitiating a low weight flight without causing any damage to the environment.

3. "ARROW-TREES: PROCESS TO DEVELOP AFORESTATIONS AND REFORESTATIONS IN LARGE SCALES WITH THE USE OF AIRCRAFTS": characterized for applying the process of Aforestation and Reforestation in a joint operation with the Technology to produce situated artificial rain before and after the planting, patented by the same author.