WO2007088064A1 - Constructional element - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a constructional element, especially a supporting framework structure, comprising at least two spaced-apart planar elements that are interconnected by means of spacers. At least one of the planar elements (2, 3) is provided with recesses (5) that are located on the plane thereof. A spacer (4) which is embodied as a hollow profiled member at least in the surroundings of the fastening point is fastened within or to at least one recess (5).

Description

 module

The invention relates to a component, in particular a supporting structure, comprising at least two spaced-apart and interconnected by spacers surface elements.

Such components are known in the art, for example, as web plates, which comprise two substantially planar parallel surface elements, said surface elements are connected by running between the surface elements spacers (webs) and thus form a strong, stable yet lightweight composite, the can be used as a component.

Furthermore, components of this type are known, which are designed as a sandwich construction in which a core is present between two surface elements, wherein this core forms a spacer. For example, it can be provided that such a core is configured as honeycomb honeycomb and connects the surface elements with each other.

A disadvantage of these aforementioned known in the prior art devices and in particular of sandwich structures with traditional core structure is e.g. that the thickness is due to the nature and design of the core materials i.d.R. is severely limited (cm range). This results in a (strongly) limited load capacity. Also, the thicknesses are consistently constant.

The production is consistently in plate form, ie just. In two directions (strongly) curved designs of greater thickness are not without deformation by forming strong damage / destruction producible due to the high bending stiffness of the core structure.

Furthermore, there is the risk of delamination of the bond between cover layers and core material or within the core material from the beginning or subsequently. The consequence is e.g. Bumping and / or bending failure of the outer layers and collapse of the component under pressure and bending stress.

Despite comparatively low density (specific weight) of the

Core material is available i.d.R. an unfavorable weight ratio of core and

Facings.

The core structure is usually uniform / uniform and isotropic. Its adaptation in structure and spatial arrangement to special (stress) conditions

(Gradient construction) is not possible. This results in a shortage

Optimization.

Typical connections between core and cover layers as well as core materials (plastics, plastic foams, adhesives) are not high-temperature / fire-resistant and / or aging-resistant.

The object of the invention is to provide a device of the generic type, which is characterized by a higher than the prior art devices in the prior art capacity, i. Load capacity per weight, characterized and avoids the disadvantages mentioned.

This object is achieved according to the invention in that in a component having at least two spaced-apart and interconnected by in particular a plurality of individual spacers surface elements at least one of the surface elements arranged in the surface recesses, wherein in or at least one Recess a spacer is attached, which is formed at least in the vicinity of the attachment as a hollow profile.

An essential core idea of the invention is that precisely the surface areas of a surface element on which spacers are arranged are supported / stiffened by the spacers so that the material for the supporting effect is dispensable within the spacers, so that the thicknesses of the surface elements are proportionately reinforced and As a result, components of higher load capacity can be formed. It is further provided according to the invention that a spacer is not formed as in the prior art, such as in the web plates, as a spacer of a solid material, but that it is formed at least in the vicinity of the attachment as a hollow profile.

Thus, according to the invention, it can thus essentially be provided that a spacer is designed as a hollow profile at least in its end region, if appropriate also completely, and the hollow profile-like end region is connected to the recess or the edge region of a recess.

Thus, with a component according to the invention in addition to the surface areas, which account for the recess, continue to be saved weight due to the fact that a spacer is formed at least in its mounting area as a hollow profile and not in solid construction.

As a result of this embodiment according to the invention, the specific carrying capacity increases, so that this embodiment already has substantial weight advantages over the components in the prior art.

According to a structurally preferred embodiment, it can be provided that the particular inner edge of a recess is connected to the spacer or merges into the open end and thus into the wall of a hollow profile. Such a transition can for example also be made in one piece. Here, it is preferably provided that a spacer extends from a recess in the direction of an adjacent surface element and is secured thereto, in particular in the same way on or in a recess of this adjacent surface element.

Thus, it can be provided according to the invention that of two opposing surface elements which are connected by spacers, only one or both of which recesses according to the invention and that extend between these recesses, the spacers in the manner described above. In this case, an alignment of a spacer does not necessarily have to be perpendicular to the surface of a surface element, but can also take place at an angle.

In a preferred embodiment, it can be provided that, in the region of a recess, the surface of a surface element in particular merges continuously into the inner surface of a spacer formed as a hollow profile, at least in the fastening region. Such a continuous transition can be done for example by a rounding at the transition between surface element and spacers. Especially with such a structural configuration can be achieved that a spacer does not protrude beyond the surface of a surface element.

In another possible embodiment, it can be provided that one end of a spacer is inserted through a recess in a surface element and the surface element is connected in the region of the recess with an outer wall of the spacer. Such a connection can be done for example by gluing or welding or a screw or collar clamping.

In this case, it will often be provided that a spacer in its end region has a smaller cross section, in particular a smaller diameter, than the cross section or diameter of the recess in one Surface element, so that this end portion can be inserted through the recess. The spacer may further spaced from the end region have a larger cross-section, for example by a step, so that a spacer can be inserted through the recess only to this cross-sectional enlargement or step and comes to rest.

In such a position, the connection can be made. In a (detachable) screw as the aforementioned possible connection, it may be provided that one end of a spacer has an external thread / internal thread, which is hindurchsteckbar through a recess in a surface element, then a screw, in particular a nut / screw with an internal thread / Male thread, screw on / in this end of the spacer / einzaubrauben and thus to achieve a clamping force and possibly forrnschlüssige connection between the screw, surface element and spacers.

In this case, it can also be provided that a surface element has a specific thickness and the recess comprises a recess up to a certain depth or a surface element has a depression / embossment, so that a screw element, such as a screwdriver, is used. a nut, with a sufficiently low height completely rests in the recess, recess or impression of the surface element and does not protrude beyond the surface of the surface element.

In a further particularly preferred embodiment, which can be combined with all possible further constructions of the type described above or described later, it can be provided that a spacer is formed at least in the region of both ends as a hollow profile. Here, according to the concept of the invention, at least one of the ends of a spacer is fastened to or in a recess, preferably both hollow-profile-like ends. It is not inconsistent with the invention if the spacer between the two designed as a hollow profile ends has a solid area. Nevertheless, it will preferably be provided in the context of the invention that a spacer is formed over its entire length as a hollow profile. This produces the highest weight saving while achieving a high load capacity and thus leads to an increase in the specific carrying capacity of a component according to the invention.

In particular, in the aforementioned embodiment of a spacer as a hollow profile over its entire length, a spacer can then channel-like connect two recesses in opposing surface elements. In this case, it is not absolutely necessary for the two recesses to lie opposite each other directly, in particular in alignment, so that in this case, with a planar formation of the surface elements, a spacer would be arranged at a right angle to the surface elements. It can also be provided that a spacer extends at an angle deviating from the right angle to a respective surface element and in this case connects two non-aligned recesses.

According to the invention, it is considered preferable if the cross section of a recess corresponds to the cross section of the spacer formed as a hollow profile at least in a fastening region. Thus, for example, both cross-sections may be round, elliptical or, for example, also polygonal, such as triangular or preferably quadrangular. In principle, any cross-sectional shape is possible. In this case, the cross section of the recess can be at least slightly larger than the cross section of the hollow profile in order to achieve an attachment to each other substantially at corresponding cross sections. This is the case in particular when a continuous, in particular rounded, transition is selected in the edge region between the recess and the hollow profile end of a spacer. In a particularly preferred embodiment, it may further be provided that juxtaposed spacers do not touch each other, which in the sense of the invention is understood to mean that two spacers arranged next to each other do not have a common wall section, as is the case, for example, in conventional honeycomb honeycombs where a wall area is always part of two adjacent honeycomb elements. In particular, this also means that there is a continuous area between two spacers. This ensures that the area between two surface elements is continuous, in particular in every possible direction has a patency.

Each spacer according to the invention thus forms a self-contained part. However, it may be provided within the scope of the invention that spacers, in particular juxtaposed spacers are interconnected, for example by bracing. Such struts may run parallel to the surface elements, in another embodiment also not parallel, e.g. such that an upper end of a spacer is connected to a lower end of an adjacent spacer. Such struts may in a preferred embodiment be designed such that they themselves have the design features of the spacers described above, and e.g. are secured in or on a recess in a wall of a spacer.

Likewise, again these struts, which in turn may be formed as spacers, be braced again with each other, whereby these struts of the struts can be designed as the above-described spacers constructively and are fixed in or on recesses. Such a construction can be continued iteratively. In a particularly preferred embodiment of braced spacers, it may be provided that the braces are arranged such that they form an auxetic grid, for example, in that the braces are tangentially fixed to spacers, especially if such spacers have round cross-sections.

Here, the term of an auxetic grating or an auxetic grating is known in the art and requires no further explanation in the context of this invention.

In particular, the design of the struts in the form that they form an auxetic grid, has particular advantages in a load of such a running component, since due to the auxeticity an internal stiffening and thus improved supporting effect is achieved.

Alternatively or in addition to the aforementioned embodiment, provision can also be made for stiffening and / or beading or other profiling / embossing / surface structuring or curvature to be arranged at least on / on or in one side (upper and / or lower side) of a surface element, to achieve a further increase in specific carrying capacity. In this case, such stiffeners or beads may extend in particular between spacers or recesses and in particular adjacent spacers or recesses. In principle, however, such stiffeners or beads or other profilings can also be arranged as desired oriented to spacers or recesses.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of such stiffeners or beads or other profiles, it may be provided that these form an auxetic grid structure, which can be achieved, for example, as in the abovementioned struts, by a tangential arrangement of the stiffeners and / or beads and / or other Profiles to the recesses or spacers. In a further development, which can be combined with all the above-mentioned or yet-to-be-mentioned embodiments within the scope of the invention, it can be provided that a surface element is provided with at least one cover layer. Such a cover layer can for example help to cover the recesses in a surface element and thus lead in particular to an optically or eg haptically pleasing appearance or to a function (eg corrosion protection, wear protection, insulation), wherein such a cover layer does not necessarily contribute to the specific load-bearing capacity must, if appropriate, even be negligible with regard to such a contribution.

Hereby, it may e.g. be provided that a cover layer is formed as a sheet-like element which forms projections which can engage in recesses / spacers in particular positive and / or non-positive. Thus it can be provided that a connection, e.g. Locking and / or snap connection takes place between the projections of a cover layer and the recesses or spacers, which may optionally be formed correspondingly. For example, a cover layer can subsequently be applied to a surface element and, if necessary, also released again, wherein the cover layer can securely connect by a connection due to the interlocking projections and recesses / spacers.

A cover layer may also have other external profiles, e.g. for visual or haptic reasons.

In another alternative or cumulative embodiment, it can also be provided that the intermediate space between two surface elements, ie those which are connected to spacers and / or the space in a spacer, which is at least partially hollow according to the invention, at least partially with a particular layered filling material is provided. Such a filling material can have positive functions have, for example, with respect to vibration properties, insulation properties, such as heat and sound insulation and possibly also meet fire safety requirements. Such filling material may for example be formed from a foam-like or latticed or cellular material and / or ceramic plates or powder.

Furthermore, there is the possibility that a filling material is formed by at least one material web, in particular a plurality of mutually superposed material webs, such as fabric webs. Such fabric webs may e.g. surround the spacers, for which the fabric webs have corresponding recesses. Such fabric webs, which may also be fiber composites, may provide a component with further functional properties, such as e.g. with armor or bullet resistance and / or vibration damping.

It may also be provided that the cavities in spacers and / or between surface elements with a fluid, e.g. to flow through a liquid. Thus, fluid lines with particular stability can be produced and / or e.g. Heat exchangers (also heating and cooling surfaces), when fluids flow in spacers and between surface elements or between adjacent surface elements.

In another cumulative or alternative embodiment, it can also be provided that a surface element forms a grid, in particular a grid acting auxetically, through the arrangement or through the cross section of the recesses. Thus, the recesses may be formed in particular in deviation from a round cross section such that the remaining surface areas of the surface element form a grid, in particular with auxetic effect. In turn, the spacers can be adapted to these particular cross-sectional shapes. In one embodiment of the invention, it can also be provided that at least in some areas the distances between recesses lying on / in opposite surface elements are different from each other and are connected by spacers, in particular of equal length or of different lengths. It can thus be formed, for example, a bent or corrugated component.

In order to be able to provide various shapes of a surface element according to the invention, it is not absolutely necessary to plan or planarize surface elements which are connected to one another with spacers, but rather it can also be provided that such surface elements are corrugated and / or have a structure or any other form deviating from the plan or planar form.

In the same way, it can also be provided that a spacer has a structuring and / or a not straight, in particular curved extension. Spacers may thus also be bent or e.g. also be wavy or have any other shape to have a not straight extension. This also means that the diameter or the cross-sectional shape changes over the length of a spacer. Overall, such surface elements or components according to the invention can also have one or two-axis curvatures.

Concerning. the structuring, which may have at least one spacer, it may be provided that this structuring is formed by a non-smooth surface of a spacer. Thus, the surface (inner and / or outer surface), for example, have an embossing and / or stiffening and / or beads and / or cutouts or recesses or form a grid. Spacers may include, for example, holes having arbitrary cross-sectional shapes connecting the interior and exterior of the spacer. Also, non-continuous embossments / embossments, for example, inward or outward-facing projections, for example, be designed as bumps. There may be recesses and / or indentations in be provided regular or irregular arrangement. This also applies to stiffeners, which may be formed, for example, as struts and may be arranged on an outer and / or inner surface of a spacer. Any type of structuring, for example of the aforementioned type, can also be designed so that an auxetic effect results from this structuring, which further contributes to the stability of the spacers. In particular, it can be provided that the recesses are formed such that, in conjunction with the cross-sectional shape of the recesses, the remaining surface regions of the spacer form an auxetic grid.

With regard to the materials to be used, it can be provided that a spacer is formed from a different material than a surface element. It can also be provided that two surface elements which are connected by spacers, have different materials, so that a device according to the invention can also be constructed of three or more different materials. For example, For example, a metal can be chosen for the spacers and composite or ceramic materials for the surface elements or cover layers.

Optionally, other materials may be added by filling a device in the manner described above with foams, cellular or other materials such as tissue, etc.

A surface element of the type described above may itself also comprise a classic sandwich construction or at least form part of a sandwich construction. Thus, for example, a surface element can form part of a sandwich structure which consists of a plurality of interconnected planar elements which, if appropriate, have a traditional core material, for example, for their connection to one another. In this case, the entire sandwich structure can be considered as a surface element in the context of the invention barely it can form the surface element according to the invention at least one of the sheet-like elements of such a sandwich structure. With regard to the ratio of the open surface to the closed surface of a surface element, it may be provided that this ratio is selected to be smaller than 0.8, in particular smaller than 0.7, and in particular in the range from 0.2 to 0.25.

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the following figures. Show it:

1 shows a first simple embodiment with at least one side hollow profile-shaped spacers

Figure 2 shows an embodiment with completely hollow spacers that merge steadily into the surface elements

Figure 3 shows an embodiment according to Figure 2, in which spacers are interconnected again by hollow struts

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment substantially according to FIG. 2 with or without cover layer, regular and irregular distribution of the spacers and with / without filling in of the areas between the spacers

Figure 5 shows an embodiment in which the upper surface element in turn are formed as a sandwich construction, wherein the lower surface element has the recesses according to the invention with transition into the spacers and a cover layer on both sides

Figure 6 shows an embodiment according to Figure 5, but with both surface elements of the invention recesses with Have spacers and both surface elements consist of a sandwich construction

Figure 7 shows an embodiment with stiffeners on a surface of a

Surface element that runs between the recesses and with an upper cover layer

Figure 8 stiffeners, which are arranged on the surface of a surface element, which has no recesses but a cover layer

Figure 9 shows the arrangement of struts between spacers, each in the end region near a surface element not shown here

Figure 10 is an illustration as in Figure 9 with a filling material between the spacers

Figure 11 shows a different material pairing of spacers and surface elements, wherein between the spacers struts, as shown in Figure 9 are arranged and the upper surface element terminates the device

Figure 12 shows an embodiment as in Figure 11, wherein between the surface elements, a filling material is provided.

Figure 13 + 13 ^' differently structured or profiled spacers without representation of the surface elements

Figure 14 different spacers with not straight extension

Figure 15 shows two versions with curved surface elements 1 shows first the simplest basic principle of the invention with a component 1 according to the invention, which comprises a first surface element 2 and a second surface element 3, which are interconnected by a plurality of (two are shown) spacers 4. In this case, a spacer 4 according to FIG. 1 has a lower region made of solid material which is connected to the lower surface element 3 and an upper region 4a which is hollow, ie designed as a hollow profile and with a recess or its edge 5 in FIG upper surface element 2 is connected. This connection can for example be done by gluing, welding, screwing, collar clamping or otherwise.

In contrast, Figure 2 shows an embodiment wherein the one spacer 4 is formed as a completely continuous hollow profile whose respective ends are continuous, i. Here with a rounding in the recess 5 of the surface element 2 and also of the surface element 3, which also has recesses here, passes. Here, the recesses 5 of the two surface elements 2 and 3 are directly opposite each other, which, however, is not absolutely necessary for the essence of the invention, so that an oblique or curved course of spacers 4 is possible.

FIG. 3 shows a further construction according to the invention of a component with an upper surface element 2 and a lower surface element 3 which, as in FIG. 2, have mutually aligned recesses 5, which are respectively connected by spacers 4.

Here, it is provided that two adjacent spacers 4 are connected to each other again with a strut 6, wherein such a strut 6 is formed in the construction of a spacer, ie in turn forms a completely continuous or at least partially formed hollow profile, which at its ends with a Recess 7 is connected, which is arranged in the wall region of a spacer 4. 2 essentially show an upper surface element 2 and a lower surface element 3, of which preferably both, but here at least the upper, several recesses arranged in an irregular grid 5, which are connected together by spacers 4 in the manner described above.

It can be seen in FIG. 4 b that the intermediate space 8 between the spacers 4 can be filled with a filling material 9. Such filling material may be formed, for example, by a foam, cellular materials, ceramic plates or powder or fabric.

Likewise, the cavities 10 of the spacers 4 formed as a hollow profile may also have such a filling material, which is not shown here, however.

FIG. 4 c shows an embodiment as in FIG. 4 a, wherein, however, a surface of a surface element 2 or 3 is provided with a further covering layer 11, in particular in order to achieve an attractive appearance and / or feel and / or function. Such a cover layer does not necessarily contribute to the load-bearing capacity of the component.

Figure 4d shows an embodiment according to the combination of Figures 4b and 4c, i. the arrangement of two cover layers as well as the provision of a filling material 9.

FIG. 5 shows an embodiment according to the invention in principle, as in FIG. 4 c, surface element 3 having an inner and outer cover layer 11 and upper surface element 2 consisting of a sandwich composite 12. A similar view is also the figure 6, in which case, however, the upper and lower surface element 2 and 3 consists of a sandwich composite 12.

FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment in which, in addition to a filling with a filling material 9 and the arrangement of a covering layer 11, the surface of a surface element 2 or optionally also of the surface element 3 has a plurality of stiffeners 13 for further stiffening, which in the present case lie between adjacent recesses or spacers 5/4 are arranged.

FIG. 8 shows a similar embodiment in which, however, a closed surface element 2 has an additional covering layer 11 and supports stiffeners 13, wherein according to the invention only the lower surface element 3 has the recesses according to the invention, into which the spacers are connected, but not the upper one illustrated surface element. 2

Figure 9 shows an inventive embodiment, here to improve the representation without a surface element and / or cover layers to show, in which between the spacers 4 each struts 14 are arranged. These struts can take place in any desired manner, whereby it can also be provided to thereby form an auxetic grid, in particular in cooperation with the edge region at the upper or lower end of a spacer 4. The struts 14 shown here are in this case close to the surface elements 2 and 3, not shown here, i. arranged in the respective end region of the spacers 4.

FIG. 10 shows a development of FIG. 9, in which a filling material 9 is provided as in the previously described type, without, however, showing the surface elements 2 and 3 here.

Figure 11 shows a further copy, in which here clearly recognizable spacer 4 and upper and lower surface element 2 and 3, respectively consist of different materials and thicknesses. In addition, here _, spacers are interconnected by braces 14 and embedded in the upper surface element 2, which is not absolutely necessary.

FIG. 12 shows an embodiment in which the interspaces between the surface elements 2 and 3 or spacers 4 according to FIG. 11 are filled by a core material.

All embodiments of the aforementioned invention have over the prior art, a significantly increased specific carrying capacity due to the considerable material savings in the designed as a hollow profile spacers and in the recesses in the respective surface elements.

The figures 13 show without the representation of the surface elements differently designed inventive spacers 4. It can be seen here that the mantle surface of the spacer 4 in the figure 13a shows a lattice-like profiling. Such a profiling can be formed as shown here by crossing vertical and horizontal struts extending around the spacers. The angles of the struts or the grid can be arbitrary. Also, the profiling can be done by a grid, in particular with auxetic effect.

In contrast, FIG. 13 b shows a profiling of horizontally encircling projections or struts arranged on the outer surface of the spacer 4 by means of an external surface. The figure 13c shows analog only vertical struts, which extend parallel to the longitudinal axis.

The profiles shown in Figures 13 a-c are applied here only on the outside of the spacers 4. Likewise, they may alternatively be arranged on the inside or on both sides.

Figure 13d shows a spacer 4, with holes that completely penetrate the wall. Here the holes have a circular cross section, The cross-section can, however, in principle be arbitrary, so that a grid, in particular an auxetic grid, can result from the remaining wall areas around the holes.

FIGS. 13 'show the same figures as a wireframe model instead of a two-dimensional representation.

Figures 14 show various external shapes of the spacers 4, e.g. far left with a conical-section-shaped configuration or with a curved surface, as in the other embodiments. These are merely not conclusively illustrated embodiments of a possible non-linear extension of spacers 4. Here, too, surface profiling may be provided, as described with reference to FIGS.

FIGS. 15 show an embodiment of a component according to the invention with two surface elements 2 and 3 which are connected by spacers 4. Here, the surface elements 2 and 3 are curved in one dimension. Of course, these can also be multi-dimensionally curved. In the figure 15a, the spacers 4 are substantially all parallel to each other. In FIG. 15b, the spacers are aligned such that they run perpendicular to the surface of the surface elements 2 and 3, at least with respect to the respective center axis of the spacers. As a result, the spacers 4 have an angle to each other.

Claims

claims 1. component, in particular structural construction, comprising at least two spaced-apart and connected by spacers surface elements, characterized in that at least one of the surface elements (2,3) arranged in the surface recesses (5), wherein in or at least one recess (5) a spacer (4) is fixed, which is formed at least in the vicinity of the attachment as a hollow profile. 2. The component according to claim 1, characterized in that the edge of a recess (5) with the spacer (4) is connected or merges into the open end of the hollow profile, wherein the spacer (4) from a recess (5) in the direction an adjacent surface element (3) and is attached to this, in particular in the same way attached to / in a recess. 3. The component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the region of a recess (5), the surface of a surface element (2,3), in particular continuously, merges into the inner surface of a trained at least in the fastening area as a hollow profile spacer (4). 4. The component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one end of a spacer (4) through a recess (5) in a surface element (2,3) is inserted through and the surface element (2,3) in the region of the recess ( 5) is connected to an outer wall of the spacer (4), in particular by gluing or welding or Verschraub ung or jamming, in particular wherein at a screw one end of a spacer has an external thread / internal thread, which by a recess (5) in a surface element (2,3) is hindurchsteckbar. 5. The component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a spacer (4) is formed at least in the region of both ends, in particular over its entire length as a hollow profile, wherein at least one end of a spacer (4) on / in a recess (5 ) is attached. 6. The component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a spacer (4) channel-like manner connects two recesses (5) in opposing surface elements (2,3). 7. The component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cross section of a recess (5) corresponds to the cross section of at least in a mounting region formed as a hollow profile spacer (4). 8. The component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that juxtaposed spacers (4) do not touch each other, in the way that they have no common wall sections. 9. The component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that spacers (4) are interconnected by struts (6). 10. The component according to claim 9, characterized in that a strut (6) as a spacer (4) is executed and in / on a recess (7) in the wall of a spacer (4) is fixed. 11. The component according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that struts (6) form an auxetic grid, in particular for what struts (6) tangentially to spacers (5) are attached. 12. The component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least on / on / in one side of a surface element stiffeners and / or beads and / or profiles (13,14) and / or vaults are arranged, in particular between adjacent spacers / Recesses (4,5) extend. 13. The component according to claim 12, characterized in that the stiffeners and / or beads / profiles (13,14) form an auxetic grid structure, in particular by a tangential arrangement of the stiffeners and / or beads / profilings (13,14) to the spacers / Recesses (4,5). 14. The component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a surface element (2,3) is provided with at least one cover layer (11), in particular wherein an outer cover layer (11) is formed as a planar element which forms projections which in Recesses / spacers intervene. 15. The component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the intermediate space (8) between two surface elements (2,3) and / or the space (10) in a spacer (4) with a filling material (9) is provided, in particular a foam or cellular material or ceramic plates / powder. 16. The component according to claim 15, characterized in that the Filling material (9) by at least one material web, in particular a plurality of superimposed material webs, in particular fabric web / s is formed, in particular which surrounds the spacers / surrounded. 17. The component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a surface element (2,3) by the arrangement and / or the cross section of the recesses (5) forms an auxetisch acting grid. 18. The component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least partially the distances of on / in opposite surface elements (2,3) lying recesses (5) are different from each other, and in each case in particular by the same length or different length spacers (4) are, in particular to form an at least partially curved / wavy component. 19. Component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a surface element (2,3), the ratio of open surface to closed surface is less than 0.7, in particular 0.2 to 0.25. 20. The component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a spacer (4) is formed of a different material than a surface element (2,3). 21. The component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a spacer (4) has a structuring and / or a non-straight extension. 22. The component according to claim 21, characterized in that the Structuring is formed by recesses (4) and / or indentations and / or stiffeners / struts which are arranged on the inner and / or outer surface or in the wall thickness of the spacer (4). 23. The component according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that a structuring has an auxetic effect, in particular surface regions of the spacer (4), which are arranged around recesses. 24. The component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a surface element (2,3) has a non-planar / non-planar shape, in particular is corrugated and / or has a structure. 25. The component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a surface element (2,3) forms part of a sandwich structure, in particular is arranged in a sandwich construction or that a surface element (2,3) is formed by a sandwich construction.