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WO2006039858A1 - Embrayage a roue libre a rochet - Google Patents

Embrayage a roue libre a rochet Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006039858A1
WO2006039858A1 PCT/CN2005/001612 CN2005001612W WO2006039858A1 WO 2006039858 A1 WO2006039858 A1 WO 2006039858A1 CN 2005001612 W CN2005001612 W CN 2005001612W WO 2006039858 A1 WO2006039858 A1 WO 2006039858A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pawl
ratchet
overrunning clutch
clutch
disk
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2005/001612
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jianjun He
Feng Jin
Kexian Deng
Ren Pang
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2006039858A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006039858A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/12—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with hinged pawl co-operating with teeth, cogs, or the like

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a ratchet overrunning clutch.
  • the novel pawl structure and its resetting device can make the overrunning clutch reliably used for a long-term overloaded working state and a long-time overrun working state. Background technique
  • Chinese patent CN 91208227. 5 discloses an inertial centrifugal ratchet in which a magnetic ring is disposed under the ratchet.
  • the gear rotates, the pawl expands radially outwardly by the centrifugal force to engage the ratchet teeth on the ratchet.
  • the ratchet can't work reliably.
  • US Patent No. 5,205,386 discloses a ratchet overrunning clutch with a pawl retaining device in which a magnet is provided on the radially outer side of the pawl engaging end, and the pawl is in centrifugal force when the rotational speed of the output shaft exceeds a desired value. Under the action of the radial outward swing, once it is in contact with the corresponding magnet, it will be held by the magnet. The clutch is still driven by a spring force to drive the pawl to oscillate with the ratchet on the ratchet. This clutch can only be used for long-term overrunning. When the heavy load frequently exceeds, the spring will be repeatedly and frequently loaded, and the spring will be fatigue fractured, resulting in the entire clutch not working properly.
  • An object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art overrunning clutch technology and to provide a ratchet overrunning clutch using a novel pawl structure and a resetting device thereof, thereby improving the performance of the overrunning clutch.
  • the new pawl structure can be quickly reset to improve the engagement accuracy with the ratchet; when the clutch is in the overrun state for a long time, the pawl and ratchet can be completely disengaged to avoid wear.
  • This is a ratchet overrunning clutch that is more reliable, more versatile and has a longer service life.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved by the following scheme.
  • a ratchet overrunning clutch includes a ratchet wheel provided with a ratchet, a pawl disk provided with a pawl and a resetting device thereof, and bearing support between the two to ensure that the ratchet and the pawl disk can rotate coaxially
  • the pawl structure is a unitary structure divided into three parts: a head portion, a shaft portion and a tail portion.
  • the pawl head portion includes a contact end having a contact surface, and the pawl shaft portion is rotatably mounted on the pawl plate by a shaft pin.
  • the pawl tail portion is disposed corresponding to the resetting device to receive the force of the resetting device.
  • the pawl structure has a "T" shape in plan view, and the width of the head contact end of the pawl structure is greater than the width of the shaft portion and the tail portion.
  • the ratchet overrunning clutch is characterized in that the head portion, the shaft portion and the tail portion of the pawl structure are in a "T" shape, and the head portion includes a contact end having a contact surface, the width of which is larger than the pawl axis. The width of the part and the tail.
  • This structure optimizes the force state of the pawl so that the compressive stress on the head contact surface of the pawl and the shear stress of the pin are at the same level.
  • the wide portion of the first contact end can also serve as a limit function for the rotation of the pawl structure, so that the tail portion of the pawl structure does not come into contact with the ratchet when the pawl and the ratchet are disengaged.
  • each pawl has a pawl that engages with the ratchet to extend the service life of the clutch.
  • the engagement accuracy (return angle) or the transmission torque; the pawl structure adjusts the interaction between the restoring force and the centrifugal force to achieve frequent engagement with the ratchet or long-term disengagement, making the clutch operation more stable and reliable.
  • FIG 1 is a ratchet pawl overrunning clutch disc of the present invention as the outer clutch, the inner ring is a side view of the ratchet; 1
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the pawl disk of Figure 1 as a clutch outer ring;
  • Figure 3 is a side view of the pawl disk as a bad inside the clutch and the outer ring of the ratchet;
  • Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the pawl disk of Figure 3 as a clutch inner ring;
  • Figure 5 is a side elevational view of the pawl structure of Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 is a plan view of the pawl structure shown in Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a diagram showing the working state of the pawl completely out of the ratchet.
  • the present invention is a ratchet overrunning clutch comprising a ratchet 1 provided with a plurality of ratchet teeth 1, a pawl disk 2 on which a plurality of pawls 3 are mounted, which can be supported by bearings 15 therebetween. It is also ensured that the ratchet 1 and the pawl disk 2 can rotate coaxially.
  • the pawl 3 is of a unitary structure, divided into a head portion 9, a shaft portion 10 and a tail portion 11 having a shaft hole 12 according to a function, and the head portion 9 includes a contact end 8 having a contact surface 13, the width of the contact end being greater than
  • the widths of the shaft portion 10 and the tail portion 11 are generally "T" shaped as shown in Fig. 6.
  • the pawl 3 is rotatably supported on the pawl disk 2 by the shaft pin 4.
  • the pawl disk ⁇ is disposed coaxially with the ratchet wheel 1, and the pawl 3 can be properly engaged with the ratchet teeth 7 by the resetting device, and the resetting device can be The suction of the magnet or the pulling force of the spring acts on the tail of the pawl 3, so that the rotation of the pawl 3 facilitates the engagement with the ratchet 7.
  • the resetting device of the ratchet 3 can be spring or magnet as needed.
  • the pawl '3 is reset by the magnet 6, and the pawl 3 should be made of a ferromagnetic material such as steel.
  • Each of the magnets 6 is preferably embedded in the interior of the mounting sleeve 5 and fixed to the pawl disk 2, opposite to but not in contact with the tail portion 11 of the pawl 3, so that the magnetic attraction force is maximized.
  • the pawl 3 is subjected to heat treatment to increase the surface hardness of the contact surface 13 and the shaft hole 12 while ensuring that the material inside the structure of the pawl 3 maintains corresponding toughness.
  • the position of the center of gravity of the pawl 3 can be adjusted as needed.
  • the position of the center of gravity of the pawl 3 should be such that the torque generated by the centrifugal force is less than the reset torque of the resetting device.
  • the torque direction is the same; when the overrunning clutch is used for a long time to exceed the working condition, the center of gravity of the pawl 3 should be such that the torque generated by the centrifugal force is greater than the reset torque of the reset device, and the torque direction is opposite. In this way, beyond The clutch can flexibly engage or disengage the pawl 3 depending on the interaction requirements of the restoring force and the centrifugal force. ⁇
  • the head portion 9, the shaft portion 10 and the tail portion 11 of the pawl 3 have a "T" shape in plan view, and the width of the contact end 8 is larger than the width of the remaining portion of the pawl 3, on the one hand, the wide portion thereof and the pawl disk 2
  • the corresponding structure is used for the limit of rotation of the pawl 3, ensuring that the tail portion 11 of the pawl 3 is not in contact with the ratchet teeth 7; on the other hand, increasing the contact area when the contact surface 13 is engaged with the ratchet teeth 7, reducing the compressive stress,
  • the stress levels of the pawl and the shaft pin are equivalent, and the optimized structural design is achieved.
  • a substance having a density greater than the density of the pawl material may be embedded in the pawl 3 to adjust the position of the center of gravity of the pawl 3.
  • the number of the pawls 3 and the number of the ratchets 7 are mutually prime. At least one pawl engages the ratchet each time to transmit torque. Depending on the actual use requirements, the clutch engagement accuracy (return angle) or torque can be effectively changed by changing the number and structure of the pawl 3 or the ratchet 7.
  • the angle between the tail portion and the head portion of the pawl structure is different according to the specific use requirements, and the purpose is to maximize the force of the reset device on the tail of the pawl, and the pawl head can flexibly flex with the ratchet Engage or disengage.
  • the angle is relatively small; when the pawl disk is in the outer ring, the angle is relatively large.
  • a guide groove 14 may be provided on the inner surface of the pawl 3 shaft hole 12 as shown in Fig. 6 to facilitate lubrication of the shaft pin to minimize wear.
  • the matching clearance between the shaft hole 12 and the axle pin 4 should minimize the impact of the pawl 3 on the axle pin 4 when engaged, and at the same time ensure that the rotation of the pawl 3 is flexible.
  • the ratchet 1 is disposed inside as shown in Fig. 1, and the pawl disk 2 is disposed outside the ratchet 1, and the structure is suitable for a gas turbine-like starting condition, a ratchet and a starter drive.
  • the shafts are connected and the pawl disk is connected to the driven shaft of the turbine.
  • the pawl of the clutch maintains the disengagement state from the ratchet under the action of the centrifugal force, and avoids the frequent meshing of the pawl and the ratchet to cause wear.
  • the ratchet 1 is disposed outside, and the pawl disk 2 is disposed inside the ratchet 1, and the structure is suitable for a condition similar to the frequent engagement of the pumping unit, the ratchet and The pulleys are connected and the pawl disk is connected to the motor drive shaft.
  • the number of pawls and the number of ratchets are prime numbers. When engaged, each pawl has a pawl that engages with the ratchet, extending the life of the clutch.
  • Figure 7 shows the pawl's complete disengagement from the ratchet, where the pawl tail cannot contact the ratchet.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • One-Way And Automatic Clutches, And Combinations Of Different Clutches (AREA)

Description

Figure imgf000003_0001
技术领域
本发明涉及一种棘轮式超越离合器， 其新型棘爪结构及其复位装 置可以使这种超越离合器长期可靠地用于重载频繁啮合的工作状态， 也可以用于长时间超越的工作状态。 背景技术
中国专利 CN91208227. 5公开了一种惯性离心式棘轮，其中在棘 轮的下面设有一个磁环。 当齿轮转动的时候， 棘爪在离心力的作用 下径向向外张开从而与棘轮上的棘齿相啮合。 根据该专利所公开的 技术方案， 由于作用于棘爪上使之径向向外摆动从而与棘轮上的棘 齿相啮合的动力是离心力， 所以当棘爪转动不灵活的时候， 这种棘 轮便不能够可靠地工作。
美国专利 US5, 205, 386公开了一种带有棘爪保持装置的棘轮 式超越离合器， 其中在棘爪啮合端的径向外侧设有磁铁， 当输出轴 的转速超过希望值时， 棘爪在离心力的作用下径向向外摆动， 一旦 其与对应的磁铁相接触， 将被磁铁保持住。 这种离合器依然是以弹 簧力为动力驱动棘爪摆动与棘轮.上的棘齿啮合， 这种离合器只能用 于长时间超越的工作状态。在重载频繁超越的时候，会对弹簧反复、 频繁地加载， 加速弹簧疲劳断裂， 从而导致整个离合器不能够正常 工作。 另外， 棘爪是依靠离心力、 弹力和磁力的共同作用与棘齿啮 合或脱开， 离合器转速的不稳定、 弹簧的 ¾劳和磁铁的磁力衰减都 会影响离合器的长期正常工作。 中国专利 ZL00254031. 2 公卉了一种棘爪依靠磁力复位的棘轮 式超越离合器。 这种离合器适用于频繁啮合的工作状态， 当用于长 时间超越工作状态时， 棘爪与棘齿需要频繁接触， 易磨损而使部件 损毁。 该专利限定棘爪盘为内环， 棘轮为外环， 而在某些使用工况 下， 超越离合器必须采用以棘爪盘为外环的结构形式。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有超越离合器技术的不足，提供一种使用 新型棘爪结构及其复位装置的棘轮式超越离合器， 提高超越离合器的 使用性能。 当这种离合器用于频繁啮合状态时， 新型棘爪结构可以迅 速复位， 提高与棘齿的啮合精度； 当离合器处于长时间超越状态时， 棘爪和棘齿能完全脱开， 避免磨损。 这是一种工作性能更加可靠、 适 用范围更加广泛、 使用寿命更长的棘轮式超越离合器。
本发明的目的是通过下述方案实现的。
' 本发明所涉及的棘轮式超越离合器， 包括设置有棘齿的棘轮、设置 有棘爪及其复位装置的棘爪盘， 两者之间采用轴承支撑以保证棘轮和 棘爪盘能够同轴转动，所述棘爪结构为一个整体结构， 分为首部、轴部 和尾部三个部分， 棘爪首部包括具有接触面的接触端， 棘爪轴部通过 轴销可转动地安装在棘爪盘上， 棘爪尾部与复位装置相对应设置以承 受复位装置的作用力， 所述棘爪结构俯视呈 "T"字形， 所述棘爪结构 首部接触端的宽度大于其轴部和尾部的宽度。
这种棘轮式超越离合器的特点在于其棘爪结构的首部、轴部和尾部 俯视呈 "T"字形， 首部包括具有接触面的接触端， 其宽度大于棘爪轴 部及尾部的宽度， 这种结构优化了棘爪的受力状态， 使得棘爪首部接 触面受到的挤压应力和轴销的剪切应力处于相同水平。 .首部接触端的 宽出部分还可以起到棘爪结构转动的限位作用， 在棘爪与棘齿脱离啮 合状态时， 使棘爪结构的尾部不会与棘齿发生接触。
采用这种 "T"字形棘爪结构的棘轮式超越离合器， 棘爪及其轴销 的受力更加合理， 与相同结构尺寸的其它类型超越离合器比较， 这种 离合器能够传递更大的扭矩； 棘爪数目和棘齿数目互为素数， 啮合时， 每次轮流有一个棘爪与棘齿啮合， 延长了离合器的使用寿命； 通过改 变棘爪和棘齿的数量和结构尺寸， 就可以有效改变离合器的啮合精度 (回止角） 或传递扭矩； 这种棘爪结构通过调整复位力和离心力的相 互作用关系， 达到与棘齿频繁啮合或长时间脱离的工作状态， 使得离 合器的运行更加稳定、 可靠。 附图说明
图 1是本发明一种棘轮式超越离合器棘爪盘作为离合器外环、棘 轮为内环的侧视图； 1
图 2是图 1所示棘爪盘作为离合器外环的横剖面图；
图 3是棘爪盘作为离合器内坏、 棘轮为外环的侧视图；
图 4是图 3所示棘爪盘作为离合器内环的横剖面图；
图 5是图 1所示棘爪结构的侧视图；
图 6是图 5所示棘爪结构的俯视图； .
图 7是棘爪完全脱离棘齿的工作状态图。
— O — 具体实施方式
按照图所示， 本发明为一种棘轮式超越离合器， 包括设置有多个棘 齿 7的棘轮 1、 安装着多个棘爪 3的棘爪盘 2， 两者之间可以采用轴承 15支撑， 并保证棘轮 1和棘爪盘 2能够同轴转动。 所述的棘爪 3为一 个整体结构， 按照功能划分为首部 9、 开有轴孔 12的轴部 10和尾部 11， 所述的首部 9包括具有接触面 13的接触端 8， 接触端的宽度大于 轴部 10和尾部 11的宽度， 整体俯视如图 6所示呈 "T"形。棘爪 3通 过轴销 4可转动地支撑在棘爪盘 2上， 棘爪盘≤与棘轮 1同轴设置， 棘爪 3在复位装置的作用下能够恰当地与棘齿 7啮合， 复位装置可以 利用磁铁的吸力或弹簧的拉力作用在棘爪 3的尾部， 使棘爪 3的转动 有利于与棘齿 7的啮合。
棘轮 3的复位装置可以根据需要， 采用弹簧或磁铁， 优选的实施方 式是采用磁铁 6使棘爪 ' 3复位， 此时棘爪 3应采用铁磁性材料， 譬如 钢铁。所述每个磁铁 6最好镶嵌在安装套 5内部并固定在棘爪盘 2上， 与所述棘爪 3的尾部 11相对但不接触， 以使磁吸力最大为佳， 所述安 装套 5采用不导磁材料制成。棘爪 3经过热处理， 提高接触面 13和轴 孔 12的表面硬度， 同时还要保证棘爪 3的结构内部材料保持相应的韧 性。
如图 6所示， 所述棘爪 3的重心位置可以根据需要进行调整， 当超 越离合器用于频繁啮合工况时， 棘爪 3的重心位置应当使得离心力所 产生的力矩小于复位装置的复位力矩， 最好是力矩方向相同； 当超越 离合器用于长时间超越工况时， 棘爪 3的重心位置应当使得离心力所 产生的力矩大于复位装置的复位力矩， 且力矩方向相反。 这样， 超越 离合器就可以根据不同的使用要求， 依靠复位力和离心力的相互作用， 使棘爪 3灵活与棘齿啮合或脱开。 ·
所述棘爪 3的首部 9、轴部 10和尾部 11俯视图呈 "T"字形， 接触 端 8的宽度大于棘爪 3其余部分的宽度， 一方面， 其宽出部分与棘爪 盘 2上的对应结构用于棘爪 3转动的限位， 保证棘爪 3的尾部 11不与 棘齿 7接触； 另一方面， 增加接触面 13与棘齿 7啮合时的接触面积， 减小挤压应力， 使得棘爪和轴销各个部位的应力水平相当， 达到最优 化的结构设计。 在所述棘爪 3上可以镶嵌有密度大于所述棘爪材料密 度的物质， 以调整棘爪 3的结构重心位置。
为提高离合器的啮合精度，棘爪 3的数目和棘齿 7的数目互为素数。 每次至少有一个棘爪与棘齿啮合传递扭矩。 根据实际使用要求， 通过 改变棘爪 3或棘齿 7的数目和结构尺寸， 有效改变离合器的啮合精度 (回止角） 或传递扭矩。 当增加了棘爪 3和棘齿 7的数量时， 棘爪 3 和棘齿 7的结构尺寸相应减少， 传递扭矩也降低； 当减少了棘爪 3和 棘齿 7的数量时， 棘爪 3和棘齿 7的结构尺寸相应增大， 传递扭矩也 提高。
如图 5所示棘爪结构的尾部与首部的夹角根据具体使用要求而有所 不同， 其目的是要使复位装置对棘爪尾部的作用力最大， 且棘爪首部 能够与棘齿灵活地啮合或脱开。 当棘爪盘在内环时， 夹角相对较小； 当棘爪盘在外环时， 夹角相对较大。
如图 6所示棘爪 3轴孔 12的内表面可以设置导流槽 14， 以便于轴 销的润滑，， 最大程度地减少磨损。轴孔 12与轴销 4的配合间隙应尽量 减小棘爪 3在啮合时对轴销 4的冲击， 同时应保证棘爪 3的转动灵活。 作为本发明的一种实施方式如图 1所示棘轮 1设置在内部， 棘爪盘 2设置在所述棘轮 1 的外部， 这种结构适用于类似燃气轮机启动的工 况， 棘轮与启动器的驱动轴相连， 棘爪盘与燃 轮机从动轴相连。 在 启动器的作用下， 燃气轮机启动并达到一定转速后， 离合器的棘爪在 离心力的作用下保持与棘齿的脱离状态， 避免棘爪与棘齿的频繁啮合 而导致磨损。
作为本发明的另一种实施方式如图 3所示棘轮 1设置在外部， 棘爪 盘 2设置在所述棘轮 1的内部， 这种结构适用于类似抽油机频繁啮合 的工况， 棘轮与皮带轮相连， 棘爪盘与电机驱动轴相连。 棘爪数目和 棘齿数目互为素数， 啮合时， 每次轮流有一个棘爪与棘齿啮合， 延长 了离合器的使用寿命。
图 7为棘爪完全脱离棘齿的工作状态， 此时棘爪尾部不能与棘齿接 触。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种棘轮式超越离合器， 包括设置有棘齿的棘轮、 设置有棘爪及 其复位装置的棘爪盘， 两者之间采用轴承支撑以保证棘轮和棘爪盘能 够同轴转动，所述棘爪结构为一个整体结构， 分为首部、轴部和尾部三 个部分， 棘爪首部包括具有接触面的接触端， 棘爪轴部通过轴销可转 动地安装在棘爪盘上， 棘爪尾部与复位装置 对应设置以承受复位装 置的作用力， 其特征在于： 所述棘爪结构俯视呈 "T"字形， 所述棘爪 结构首部接触端的宽度大于其轴部和尾部的宽度。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的棘轮式超越离合舉， 其特征在于： 棘爪的 数目与棘齿的数目互为素数， 在所述棘爪上镶嵌有密度大于所述棘爪 材料密度的物质， 以调整棘爪结构的重心位置：
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的棘轮式超越离合器， 其特征在于： 所述的 棘爪复位装置采用固定在棘爪盘上的磁铁， 与所述棘爪尾部相对应以 使得磁铁对棘爪尾部的磁力最大， 且在正常工作状态下不能与棘爪尾 部接触。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的棘轮式超越离合器， 其特征在于： 所述磁 铁设置在由不导磁材料制成的安装套中， 两者共同固定在棘爪盘上。
5. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的棘轮式超越离合器， 其特征在于： 所 述的棘轮作为内环结构设置在离合器内部， 棘爪盘作为外环结构设置 在所述棘轮的外部， 两者以同轴转动。
6. 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的棘轮式超越离合器， 其特征在于： 所 述的棘轮作为外环结构设置在离合器外部， 棘爪盘作为内环结构设置 在所述棘轮的内部， 两者以同轴转动。
PCT/CN2005/001612 2004-10-12 2005-09-29 Embrayage a roue libre a rochet Ceased WO2006039858A1 (fr)

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CN108591302A (zh) * 2018-05-28 2018-09-28 瀚伦贝尔通用航空器有限公司 一种旋翼传动的棘轮装置
CN108612786A (zh) * 2018-05-28 2018-10-02 瀚伦贝尔通用航空器有限公司 一种多动力并联传动装置
CN109812517A (zh) * 2019-03-13 2019-05-28 张家港川梭车业有限公司 一种降低变速器噪音的结构
CN113309797A (zh) * 2021-06-21 2021-08-27 裕克施乐塑料制品（太仓）有限公司 一种棘轮式双向离合装置

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