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WO2006006481A1 - 排気浄化装置の制御方法 - Google Patents

排気浄化装置の制御方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006006481A1
WO2006006481A1 PCT/JP2005/012545 JP2005012545W WO2006006481A1 WO 2006006481 A1 WO2006006481 A1 WO 2006006481A1 JP 2005012545 W JP2005012545 W JP 2005012545W WO 2006006481 A1 WO2006006481 A1 WO 2006006481A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
amount
catalyst
adsorption amount
nox reduction
reduction catalyst
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
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PCT/JP2005/012545
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ichiro Tsumagari
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Hino Motors Ltd
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Hino Motors Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by Hino Motors Ltd filed Critical Hino Motors Ltd
Priority to US11/571,720 priority Critical patent/US20070193253A1/en
Priority to EP05765564A priority patent/EP1783335A1/en
Publication of WO2006006481A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006006481A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9404Removing only nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/9409Nitrogen oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/54Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/56Nitrogen oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/94Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
    • B01D53/9495Controlling the catalytic process
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F01N3/206Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/20Reductants
    • B01D2251/206Ammonium compounds
    • B01D2251/2067Urea
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14Nitrogen oxides
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling an exhaust purification apparatus.
  • Nitrogen oxide (NOx) can selectively react with a reducing agent even in the presence of oxygen
  • a selective reduction catalyst (NOx reduction catalyst) is incorporated into the exhaust path of a diesel engine for vehicles.
  • NOx reduction catalyst is incorporated into the exhaust path of a diesel engine for vehicles.
  • an exhaust purification device that uses urea water, which is easy to handle, as a reducing agent to reduce the NOx emission concentration (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
  • Such an exhaust purification device includes a nozzle (reducing agent addition means) for adding urea water to the upstream side of the NOx reduction catalyst, and in a state where the catalyst temperature exceeds about 200 ° C.
  • a nozzle reducing agent addition means
  • the urea water is decomposed into ammonia and carbon dioxide and then NOx contained in the exhaust is reduced by the NOx reduction catalyst and ammonia.
  • surplus ammonia contributes to the reduction treatment of NOx after adsorbed on the NOx reduction catalyst.
  • Patent Document 1 JP 2002-161732 A
  • Patent Document 2 Japanese Translation of Special Publication 2002-513110
  • the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and an object thereof is to optimize the reducing agent adsorption amount of the NOx reduction catalyst.
  • the present invention provides a catalyst for reducing NOx in exhaust gas by adding a reducing agent to the upstream side of the NOx reduction catalyst incorporated in the engine exhaust path.
  • Saturated adsorption amount representing the relationship between temperature and saturated adsorption amount of reducing agent on NOx reduction catalyst
  • Set the target adsorption amount curve by shifting the curve to the low temperature side, calculate the target adsorption amount of the reducing agent corresponding to the catalyst temperature, and calculate the actual adsorption amount of the reducing agent on the NOx reduction catalyst.
  • a catalyst predicted temperature after a predetermined time is obtained based on the catalyst inlet temperature, the catalyst outlet temperature, the outside air temperature, the intake air amount, and the heat capacity of the NOx reduction catalyst, and this catalyst predicted temperature force target adsorption amount curve Correct the amount of transition.
  • the amount of the reducing agent added to the upstream side of the NOx reduction catalyst is reduced to save the reducing agent.
  • the amount of reducing agent added to the upstream side of the NOx reduction catalyst is increased to deal with NOx reduction and reduce the amount of reducing agent to the NOx reduction catalyst. Secure the amount of adsorption.
  • the shift amount of the target adsorption amount curve is corrected based on the predicted catalyst temperature, and the target adsorption amount serving as a measure of the amount of added calorie of the reducing agent is changed.
  • the amount of reducing agent to be added upstream of the NOx reduction catalyst is reduced when the actual adsorption amount of the reducing agent on the NOx reduction catalyst reaches the target adsorption amount.
  • the amount of adsorbent adsorbed can be secured, and even when the amount of NOx contained in the exhaust gas suddenly increases, the NOx can be reduced quickly and reliably, and the reducing agent can be saved.
  • FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of an exhaust purification apparatus that is an object of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the control unit in FIG.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the amount of saturated adsorption of ammonia on the NOx reduction catalyst and the target amount of adsorption.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the ammonia adsorption amount of the NOx reduction catalyst and the urea water injection amount equivalence ratio.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 show an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a NOx reduction catalyst 6 incorporated in an exhaust path 5 through which exhaust G flows from an exhaust manifold 2 of a diesel engine 1 through a turbine 4 of a turbocharger 3.
  • an additive nozzle 7 for spraying urea water U to the exhaust G upstream of the NOx reduction catalyst 6 and a control unit (ECU: Electronic Control Unit) 8.
  • ECU Electronic Control Unit
  • the temperature sensor 11 and the NOx concentration sensor 9 are further positioned upstream of the addition nozzle 7, and the temperature sensor 10 is positioned at the inlet of the NOx reduction catalyst 6.
  • the NOx concentration sensor 12 is incorporated so as to be positioned at the NOx reduction catalyst 6 outlet.
  • An air flow sensor 16 that detects the flow rate of air A is incorporated in an intake path 15 from the air cleaner 13 to the compressor 14 of the turbocharger 3.
  • a pump 18 for sucking and feeding urea water U stored in a tank 17 is connected to the addition nozzle 7 via a solenoid valve 19.
  • the control unit 8 includes the addition nozzle 7 obtained by the NOx concentration sensor 9, the NOx concentration upstream, the catalyst inlet temperature obtained by the temperature sensor 10, the catalyst outlet temperature obtained by the temperature sensor 11, and the NOx concentration sensor. NOx reduction catalyst obtained in step 6 NOx concentration downstream, air flow rate obtained by air flow sensor 16 (intake air amount), outside air temperature obtained by temperature sensor 20, engine speed, fuel injection amount, etc.
  • a NOx reduction catalyst 6 Based on the basic function P for calculating the amount of urea water U to be injected upstream of the NOx reduction catalyst 6 by the addition nozzle 7, and the adsorption amount calculation function Q for calculating the actual adsorption amount of ammonia to the NOx reduction catalyst 6.
  • a NOx reduction catalyst 6 according to the actual adsorption amount of the ammonia 6 and a urea water addition function R that can increase or decrease the amount of urea water U to be added to the upstream side, and an ammonia desorption prevention function S.
  • Adsorption amount calculation function Q is the NOx reduction concentration calculated from the differential force between the NOx concentration upstream of the addition nozzle 7 and the NOx reduction catalyst 6 downstream, and the exhaust gas calculated from the intake air amount and the fuel injection amount force function equation Calculate the reduced NOx flow rate based on the flow rate, calculate the engine speed and fuel injection amount from the map, calculate the HC value and CO value, correct the reduced NOx flow rate, and based on this, reduce the consumption of urea water U Then, the consumption amount of urea water U is subtracted from the injection amount force of urea water U obtained by the basic function P, and this value is added up to obtain the actual adsorption amount of ammonia on the NOx reduction catalyst 6. It is.
  • the urea water addition function R is a function that shifts the saturated adsorption amount curve representing the relationship between the catalyst temperature and the saturated adsorption amount of ammonia to the NOx reduction catalyst 6 to the low temperature side (for example, 20 ° C lower position).
  • Set the target adsorption amount curve (see Fig. 3), calculate the target adsorption amount of ammonia to the NOx reduction catalyst 6 corresponding to the catalyst temperature, and then use the adsorption amount calculation function Q to determine the actual adsorption amount of ammonia.
  • the adsorbed amount falls below, the amount of urea water U to be added to the upstream side of the NOx reduction catalyst 6 calculated by the basic function P is increased.
  • the ammonia desorption prevention function S calculates the target adsorption amount of ammonia on the NOx reduction catalyst 6 corresponding to the catalyst temperature through the same procedure as the urea water addition function R, and then calculates the adsorption amount calculation function Q.
  • the NOx reduction catalyst 6 calculated by the basic function P is configured to reduce the amount of urea water U to be added to the upstream side. is there.
  • the deviation of the urea water addition function R and the ammonia desorption prevention function S is also caused by the catalyst inlet temperature.
  • the catalyst prediction after a predetermined time (for example, 3 points such as 20 seconds, 60 seconds, and 15 minutes)
  • the target adsorption curve is moved to the lower temperature according to the highest of the three predicted catalyst temperatures. It is configured to shift, and the injection amount of urea water U can be managed appropriately
  • ammonia adsorption amount does not reach the saturated adsorption amount, ammonia does not desorb from the NOx reducing catalyst 6.
  • the target adsorption amount curve is set so that the saturated adsorption amount is not reached even if the temperature rises in any operation pattern.
  • the ammonia desorption prevention function S reduces the injection amount of urea water U from the addition nozzle 7 to the optimal equal amount V2.
  • the ammonia desorption prevention function S reduces the injection amount of urea water U from the added calorie nozzle 7 to V3, which is below the optimal equivalent, and reduces the NOx reduction catalyst.
  • the amount of ammonia adsorbed on the medium 6 will approach T2 in line with the target adsorption amount curve.
  • the urea water addition function R increases the injection amount of urea water U from the addition nozzle 7 to V4 corresponding to the optimal equivalent amount, The ammonia adsorption amount is replenished according to the target adsorption amount curve.
  • control method of the exhaust gas purification apparatus of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be modified without departing from the scope of the present invention. is there.
  • the control method of the exhaust emission control device of the present invention can be applied to various vehicle types.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

 ディーゼルエンジン1の排気経路5に組み込んだNOx還元触媒6の上流側へ添加ノズル7により尿素水Uを噴射し、排気Gに含まれているNOxの還元浄化を図る場合に、NOx還元触媒6のアンモニア飽和吸着量曲線を低温側へ移行させた目標吸着量曲線を設定したうえ、触媒温度に対応するアンモニアの目標吸着量を算定し、NOx還元触媒6へのアンモニアの実吸着量を求め、更に、NOx還元触媒6の上流側へ添加すべき尿素水Uの量を、実吸着量が目標吸着量に達したときに減らし且つ実吸着量が目標吸着量を下回ったときに増やして、アンモニアの脱離を防止しながらアンモニアの吸着量を確保し、尿素水Uの節約を図る。

Description

明 細 書
排気浄化装置の制御方法
技術分野
[0001] 本発明は排気浄ィ匕装置の制御方法に関するものである。
背景技術
[0002] 酸素共存状態であっても選択的に窒素酸ィ匕物 (NOx)が還元剤と反応可能な選択 還元触媒 (NOx還元触媒)を車両用ディーゼルエンジンの排気経路に組み込み、ァ ンモユアよりも取り扱いが容易な尿素水を還元剤に用いて NOx排出濃度の低減を図 るようにした排気浄ィ匕装置が提案されている (例えば、特許文献 1、 2参照)。
[0003] このような排気浄ィ匕装置は、 NOx還元触媒の上流側へ尿素水を添加するためのノ ズル (還元剤添加手段)を備え、触媒温度が約 200°Cを上回る状態で尿素水を添カロ すると、当該尿素水がアンモニアと二酸ィ匕炭素に分解し、次いで、 NOx還元触媒と アンモニアにより排気に含まれている NOxが還元処理される。
[0004] また、余剰のアンモニアは NOx還元触媒にー且吸着した後、 NOxの還元処理に 寄与する。
特許文献 1 :特開 2002— 161732号公報
特許文献 2:特表 2002— 513110号公報
発明の開示
発明が解決しょうとする課題
[0005] し力しながら今までは、 NOx還元触媒の還元剤吸着量が最適な状態となるように することは考慮されて 、な力つた。
[0006] 本発明は上述した実情に鑑みてなしたもので、 NOx還元触媒の還元剤吸着量を 最適な状態にすることを目的としている。
課題を解決するための手段
[0007] 上記目的を達成するために、本発明は、エンジン排気経路に組み込んである NOx 還元触媒の上流側へ還元剤を添加して排気中の NOxの還元浄ィ匕を図るのにあたり 、触媒温度と NOx還元触媒への還元剤の飽和吸着量の関係を表わす飽和吸着量 曲線を低温側へ移行させた目標吸着量曲線を設定したうえ、触媒温度に対応する 還元剤の目標吸着量を算定し、 NOx還元触媒への還元剤の実吸着量を求め、 NO
X還元触媒の上流側への還元剤の添加量を、実吸着量が目標吸着量に達したとき に減らし、実吸着量が目標吸着量を下回ったときに増やす。
[0008] これに加えて、触媒入口温度、触媒出口温度、外気温度、吸入空気量、及び NOx 還元触媒の熱容量に基づき所定時間後の触媒予測温度を求め、この触媒予測温度 力 目標吸着量曲線の移行量を補正する。
[0009] 本発明においては、実吸着量が目標吸着量に達したときに、 NOx還元触媒の上 流側への還元剤の添加量を減らして、当該還元剤の節約を図る。
[0010] また、実吸着量が目標吸着量を下回ったときに、 NOx還元触媒の上流側への還元 剤の添加量を増やして、 NOxの還元に対処しつつ NOx還元触媒への還元剤の吸 着量を確保する。
[0011] 更に、目標吸着量曲線の移行量を触媒予測温度に基づき補正し、還元剤の添カロ 量の尺度となる目標吸着量を変更する。
発明の効果
[0012] 本発明の排気浄ィ匕装置の制御方法によれば、下記のような優れた効果を奏し得る
[0013] (1) NOx還元触媒上流側へ添加すべき還元剤の量を、 NOx還元触媒への還元 剤の実吸着量が目標吸着量に達したときに減らすので、 NOx還元触媒への還元剤 の吸着量を確保でき、排気に含まれる NOxが急に多くなつた場合も当該 NOxを速 やかに且つ確実に還元処理することができ、還元剤の節約も図れる。
[0014] (2) NOx還元触媒上流側へ添加すべき還元剤の量を、 NOx還元触媒への還元 剤の実吸着量が目標吸着量を下回ったときに増やすので、 NOxの還元処理と並行 して NOx還元触媒への還元剤の吸着量を確保でき、排気に含まれる NOxが更に多 くなつた場合も当該 NOxを速やかに且つ確実に還元処理することができる。
[0015] (3) NOx還元触媒への還元剤の実吸着量が目標吸着量に見合うようにして!/、るの で、還元剤吸着量が飽和吸着量に到達せず、還元剤が NOx還元触媒から脱離する ことがない。 [0016] (4)目標吸着量を触媒予測温度に応じて変更するので、還元剤の添加量を適切に 管理することができる。
図面の簡単な説明
[0017] [図 1]本発明の対象となる排気浄ィ匕装置の一例を示す概念図である。
[図 2]図 1における制御ユニットのブロック図である。
[図 3]NOx還元触媒へのアンモニアの飽和吸着量と目標吸着量の関係を示す線図 である。
[図 4]NOx還元触媒のアンモニア吸着量と尿素水噴射量等量比の関係を示す線図 である。
符号の説明
[0018] 5 排気経路
6 NOx還元触媒
G 排気
U 尿素水 (還元剤)
発明を実施するための最良の形態
[0019] 以下、本発明の実施例について説明する。
図 1乃至図 4は本発明の一実施例を示すもので、ディーゼルエンジン 1の排気マ- ホールド 2からターボチャージャ 3のタービン 4を経た排気 Gが流通する排気経路 5に 組み込んだ NOx還元触媒 6と、該 NOx還元触媒 6の上流側で排気 Gに対して尿素 水 Uを噴霧する添カ卩ノズル 7と、制御ユニット(ECU : Electronic Control Unit) 8とを 備えている。
[0020] 排気経路 5には、 NOx濃度センサ 9が添加ノズル 7よりも上流側に位置するように、 また、温度センサ 10が NOx還元触媒 6入口に位置するように、更に、温度センサ 11 及び NOx濃度センサ 12が NOx還元触媒 6出口に位置するように組み込んである。
[0021] エアクリーナ 13からターボチャージャ 3のコンプレッサ 14へ至る吸気経路 15には、 空気 Aの流量を検出するエアフローセンサ 16が組み込んである。
[0022] 添加ノズル 7には、タンク 17に貯留してある尿素水 Uを吸引送出するポンプ 18が、 電磁弁 19を介して接続されている。 [0023] 制御ユニット 8は、 NOx濃度センサ 9で得た添加ノズル 7上流側の NOx濃度、温度 センサ 10で得た触媒入口側温度、温度センサ 11で得た触媒出口側温度、 NOx濃 度センサ 12で得た NOx還元触媒 6下流側の NOx濃度、エアフローセンサ 16で得た 空気 Aの流量(吸入空気量)、温度センサ 20で得た外気温度、エンジン回転数、及 び燃料噴射量などに基づき、添加ノズル 7によって NOx還元触媒 6上流側へ噴射す べき尿素水 Uの量を算出する基本機能 Pと、 NOx還元触媒 6へのアンモニアの実吸 着量を算出する吸着量演算機能 Qと、当該アンモニアの実吸着量に応じて NOx還 元触媒 6上流側へ添加すべき尿素水 Uの量を増減し得る尿素水添加機能 R、並び にアンモニア脱離防止機能 Sとを具備して 、る。
[0024] 吸着量演算機能 Qは、添加ノズル 7上流側と NOx還元触媒 6下流側の NOx濃度 の差力 算出した NOx低減濃度、並びに吸入空気量と燃料噴射量力 関数式によ り算出した排気流量に基づいて低減 NOx流量を求め、マップよりエンジン回転数と 燃料噴射量カゝら HC値と CO値を算出して低減 NOx流量を補正したうえ、これを元に 尿素水 Uの消費量を算出し、更に、尿素水 Uの消費量を基本機能 Pで得た尿素水 U の噴射量力も差し引き、この値を積算して NOx還元触媒 6へのアンモニアの実吸着 量とするように構成してある。
[0025] 尿素水添加機能 Rは、触媒温度と NOx還元触媒 6へのアンモニアの飽和吸着量の 関係を表わす飽和吸着量曲線を、低温側 (例えば、 20°C低い位置)へ移行させた目 標吸着量曲線を設定し(図 3参照)、触媒温度に対応する NOx還元触媒 6へのアン モニァの目標吸着量を算定したうえ、吸着量演算機能 Qにより得たアンモニアの実 吸着量が目標吸着量を下回った際に、基本機能 Pで算出した NOx還元触媒 6上流 側へ添加すべき尿素水 Uの量を増やすように構成してある。
[0026] アンモニア脱離防止機能 Sは、尿素水添加機能 Rと同様な手順を経て、触媒温度 に対応する NOx還元触媒 6へのアンモニアの目標吸着量を算定したうえ、吸着量演 算機能 Qにより得たアンモニアの吸着量が増力 tlして目標吸着量に達した際に、基本 機能 Pで算出した NOx還元触媒 6上流側へ添加すべき尿素水 Uの量を減らすよう〖こ 構成してある。
[0027] また、尿素水添加機能 R、及びアンモニア脱離防止機能 Sの 、ずれも、触媒入口温 度、触媒出口温度、外気温度、吸入空気量、及び NOx還元触媒 6の熱容量などに 基づいて、所定時間後(例えば 20秒後、 60秒後、 15分後というような 3点)の触媒予 測温度を求め、これら触媒予測温度が目標吸着量曲線よりも低温側へ外れている場 合には、 3点の触媒予測温度のうちの最も高い値に合わせて目標吸着量曲線を低温 側へ移行させるように構成してあり尿素水 Uの噴射量を適切に管理することができる
[0028] つまり、触媒温度が 200°Cで且つ NOx還元触媒 6にアンモニアが吸着されていな い状態 TOである場合は、尿素水添加機能 Rにより添加ノズル 7からの尿素水 Uの噴 射量が最適等量を上回る VIまで増やされ、 NOxの還元処理と並行して NOx還元 触媒 6へのアンモニア吸着量が目標吸着量曲線に即した T1に近付くことになる。
[0029] このアンモニア吸着量は飽和吸着量に到達しないので、アンモニアが NOx還元触 媒 6から脱離することはない。
[0030] すなわち、目標吸着量曲線は、あらゆる運転パターンの温度上昇によっても飽和吸 着量に到達しな 、ように設定される。
[0031] 次 、で、 NOx還元触媒 6のアンモニア吸着量力 ST1に達すると、アンモニア脱離防 止機能 Sにより添加ノズル 7からの尿素水 Uの噴射量が最適等量の V2まで減らされ る。
[0032] しカゝしながら、添加ノズル 7による尿素水の噴射は継続されるので、 NOx還元触媒 6へのアンモニア吸着量を確保でき、排気 Gに含まれる NOxが急に多くなつた場合も 当該 NOxを速やかに且つ確実に還元処理することができる。
[0033] 触媒温度が 200°Cから 250°Cまで上がると、アンモニア脱離防止機能 Sにより添カロ ノズル 7からの尿素水 Uの噴射量が最適等量を下回る V3に減らされ、 NOx還元触 媒 6へのアンモニア吸着量が目標吸着量曲線に即した T2に近付くことになる。
[0034] 更に、 NOx還元触媒 6へのアンモニア吸着量力 を下回ると、尿素水添加機能 R により添加ノズル 7からの尿素水 Uの噴射量が最適等量に応じた V4まで増やされ、 NOxへのアンモニア吸着量が目標吸着量曲線に即して補充されることになる。
[0035] なお、本発明の排気浄ィ匕装置の制御方法は、上述した実施例だけに限定されるも のではなぐ本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲において変更を加え得ることは勿論で ある。
産業上の利用可能性
本発明の排気浄化装置の制御方法は、様々な車種に適用できる

Claims

請求の範囲
[1] エンジン排気経路に組み込んである NOx還元触媒の上流側へ還元剤を添加し、 排気中の NOxの還元浄化を図る排気浄化装置の制御方法であって、触媒温度と N Ox還元触媒への還元剤の飽和吸着量の関係を表わす飽和吸着量曲線を低温側へ 移行させた目標吸着量曲線を設定したうえ、触媒温度に対応する還元剤の目標吸 着量を算定し、 NOx還元触媒への還元剤の実吸着量を求め、 NOx還元触媒の上 流側への還元剤の添加量を、実吸着量が目標吸着量に達したときに減らし、実吸着 量が目標吸着量を下回ったときに増やすことを特徴とする排気浄ィ匕装置の制御方法
[2] 触媒入口温度、触媒出口温度、外気温度、吸入空気量、及び NOx還元触媒の熱 容量に基づき所定時間後の触媒予測温度を求め、この触媒予測温度から目標吸着 量曲線の移行量を補正する請求項 1に記載の排気浄化装置の制御方法。
PCT/JP2005/012545 2004-07-08 2005-07-07 排気浄化装置の制御方法 Ceased WO2006006481A1 (ja)

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