WO2005115915A1 - 繊維状炭素微粒子およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
繊維状炭素微粒子およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to fibrous carbon fine particles and a method for producing the same.
- Carbon nanotubes having a two-dimensionally developed graphite carbon structure wound in a cylindrical shape are expected to be applied to various uses in addition to use as conductive fillers.
- a method for producing such carbon nanotubes an arc discharge method, a gas phase method (CVD method) and the like are known (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-7-165406
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-64606
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide fibrous carbon fine particles having a novel structure with improved dispersibility in a medium and a method for producing the same.
- a first gist of the present invention is a fibrous carbon fine particle having a minor axis of 5 nm or more and 5 m or less, and having a surface roughness defined by the following formula (I) of 7.0%
- the present invention resides in fibrous carbon fine particles characterized by having the above uneven structure on the surface.
- the surface roughness is measured by measuring the surface roughness of the carbon fine particles by AFM tapping mode, creating a two-dimensional image of the carbon fine particles from the obtained data, selecting an arbitrary straight line on the two-dimensional image, An outline is created from the above data corresponding to the straight line, and the length of the virtual straight line connecting the two points on the outline is within the range of 20 nm or more and 35 nm or less.
- (S) is the part where the deviation of the outline from the virtual straight line is within ⁇ 0.5 IId. )
- a second gist of the present invention is a fibrous carbon fine particle in which a single hollow portion surrounded by a carbon crystal wall is formed, and at least both ends of the fibrous carbon fine particle have carbon crystal ends.
- a third gist of the present invention is an aggregate of the above-mentioned fibrous carbon fine particles, which is prepared by dispersing a dispersion prepared by the following method, and measuring the dispersion for 24 hours.
- the particle size distribution index A represented by the following formula (II) is 0.1 to 20.
- D 90 , D 50 , and D 10 are counted from the minimum particle size, and represent the particle size of the particles of 90% by volume, 50% by volume, and 10% by volume, respectively (unit: m).
- a fourth aspect of the present invention resides in a dispersion of fibrous carbon fine particles, wherein the fibrous carbon fine particles according to the third aspect are dispersed in a dispersion medium.
- a fifth gist of the present invention is that fibrous carbon precursor particles of a predetermined length selected from a range of 5 nm or more and 5 ⁇ m or less are used as raw materials, and the raw materials are mixed in the original form of the raw materials.
- the present invention resides in a method for producing fibrous carbon fine particles according to a first aspect, wherein carbonization is performed.
- a sixth gist of the present invention is that a major axis force is not less than Onm and not more than 10 ⁇ m and a minor axis is not less than 5 nm and
- a second aspect of the present invention resides in a method for producing fibrous carbon fine particles, wherein a raw material is carbonized in a prototype of the raw material.
- the fibrous carbon fine particles of the present invention have excellent dispersibility, are easy to handle, and can be uniformly dispersed without aggregation in a dispersion medium when blended with other materials. And electrical characteristics such as field emission can be uniformly exhibited.
- FIG. 1 A schematic explanatory view of a two-dimensional image of carbon fine particles
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the analysis chart shown in FIG. 2
- FIG. 5 is a schematic explanatory view for explaining the types of end surface structures that can be taken by the fibrous carbon particles of the present invention.
- fibrous carbon precursor particles of a predetermined length are used as a raw material, and the raw material is carbonized in a prototype of the raw material.
- the present invention includes two production methods, but they differ only in the way of defining fibrous carbon precursor particles. That is, in the first method, only the length of the minor axis of the fibrous carbon precursor particles is defined, and in the second method, both the minor axis and the major axis are defined.
- the major axis defined by the second method is a preferred embodiment in the first method. Accordingly, the following description applies to both the first and second methods, except for the description relating to the fibrous carbon precursor particles.
- the following description of the fibrous carbon precursor particles is made with respect to the mode of the first method, but is also applied to the second method under the condition that both the short diameter and the long diameter are defined.
- fibrous carbon precursor fine particles having a minor axis in the range of 5 nm to 5 ⁇ m are used as a raw material.
- the major axis is specified to be 40 nm or more and 1000 ⁇ m or less.
- the major axis preferably ranges from 40 nm to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably from 40 nm to 10 / zm.
- the term fibrous means that the aspect ratio is usually 2 or more.
- the material used for the carbon precursor is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of inducing a crystalline carbon structure, a material that can be easily liquid-phase carbonized is preferable.
- a material that can be easily liquid-phase carbonized is preferable.
- Specific examples include polyacrylo-tolyl or its copolymer, polybutyl alcohol, polybutyl chloride, phenol resin, rayon, pitch and the like. Among them, polyacrylonitrile or a copolymer thereof is preferable.
- these materials have a liquid phase process in which the crystal can be easily controlled at the stage of carbonization. Crystallinity can be controlled by a simple operation such as changing the temperature conditions for carbonization.
- liquid phase carbonization is a carbonization process in which a solid passes through a fluidized state higher than the glass transition temperature Tg, a thermochemical reaction proceeds in the liquid phase, and the movement and orientation of molecules are relatively easy to occur. Say the process.
- a polymer having a high carbonization yield is used as a precursor.
- thermal decomposition disappears compared to carbonization of general organic substances. Controlled. Therefore, in the present invention, a target carbonized material can be derived from a polymer other than the above-mentioned types at a high yield.
- the carbon precursor contains a thermally decomposable polymer.
- the easily decomposable polymer usually decomposes when heated to 500 ° C or more under an inert atmosphere at normal pressure.
- the easily decomposable polymer facilitates plastic deformation of the carbon precursor (a material capable of liquid phase carbonization) during the heating process of carbonization of the carbon precursor, and further, is thermally decomposed into a gas at a high temperature range, and its pressure is increased. This has the function of expanding the internal force of the carbon precursor and promoting the formation of hollow particles.
- the carbon precursor expanded by the gas pressure is pressed against the wall of the refractory material described later applied to the outer surface of the particles, and in-situ carbonization proceeds and crystallization is promoted.
- the proportion of the thermally decomposable polymer is usually 2 to 70% by weight based on the total amount of the carbon precursor and the thermally decomposable polymer. , Preferably 2 to 50% by weight.
- Examples of the easily thermally decomposable polymer as described above include polystyrene, polymethyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyethylene, and polypropylene.
- Examples of a method for incorporating a thermally decomposable polymer into a carbon precursor include a method of simple melt mixing, a method of copolymerizing the constituent monomers at an arbitrary composition ratio, and a method of seed polymerization for unevenly distributing the composition.
- the fibrous carbon precursor particles are obtained, for example, by dispersing liquid phase carbonizable material particles (particles to be stretched) in another matrix polymer and stretching the resultant, and then separating and removing the matrix polymer.
- the matrix polymer when the liquid phase carbonizable material is other than polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol is preferably used in consideration of ease of separation and removal after stretching, dispersibility of particles to be stretched, and the like.
- the length of the fibrous carbon precursor particles can be adjusted by the magnification of the above-mentioned stretching operation.
- the diameter of the particles to be stretched is usually lOnm or more.
- the diameter of the particles to be stretched can usually be confirmed by observation with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or the like.
- the following methods can be exemplified as a method for producing the precursor particles.
- a material that can be liquid-phase carbonized as a carbon precursor and has a substantially uniform particle size (Stretched particles) are dispersed in another matrix polymer.
- the obtained dispersion is stretched at a predetermined magnification in the form of a thread or a film, and then the matrix polymer is separated and removed.
- precursor particles having a uniform shape can be obtained as a particle group.
- Particles having a uniform particle diameter (stretched particles) can be synthesized as emulsion particles by emulsion polymerization or soap-free polymerization when the material is an organic polymer.
- the method for stretching the fibrous carbon precursor particles is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of spinning a solution of the precursor raw material or a melt by heat.
- a fiber having a constant diameter can be obtained.
- the diameter of the fiber can be obtained by adjusting the diameter of the force-spinning nozzle and the drawing speed corresponding to the minor diameter of the fibrous carbon precursor particles to obtain a fiber having the desired minor diameter.
- the spinning method include dry spinning, wet spinning, melt spinning, and electrospinning.
- the fiber can be adjusted to a length corresponding to the long diameter by treating the fiber with a method such as cutting or dlining. In this way, fibrous carbon precursor particles having desired short and long diameters can be obtained.
- the method for producing fibrous carbon fine particles of the present invention is characterized in that the above fibrous carbon precursor particles are used as a raw material, and the raw material is carbonized in a prototype of the raw material.
- a method of forming a prototype of the raw material by coating the raw material with a heat-resistant material may be mentioned.
- the above-mentioned heat-resistant material needs to be such that its thermal deformation does not affect the shape of the raw material at a temperature lower than the temperature range in which the raw material is carbonized.
- Suitable material properties include a linear heat shrinkage in a temperature range of 50 to 500 ° C. and a property of a linear heat shrinkage of 30% or less.
- the glass transition point (Tg) does not have a clear glass transition point (Tg) in the range of 100 to 500 ° C.
- it is preferably a substance that can be removed by a simple method after carbonization by heating.
- an inorganic oxide is preferable. Specifically, inorganic oxides such as SiO, AlO, TiO, ZrO, In0, ZnO, PbO, YO, BaO, etc.
- SiO, Al O, TiO, and ZrO are preferred from the viewpoint of controlling the purity of the desired carbon fine particles and metal impurities.
- the viewpoint power for stably progressing the carbonization reaction and crystallization of the precursor particles SiO is further improved. Preferred.
- Examples of the method of coating the raw materials include coating by the sol-gel method using the above-mentioned metal alkoxide of the inorganic oxide, a solution of a soluble inorganic compound such as a nitrate or an oxychloride, or the like.
- a method of coating the carbon precursor particles is exemplified.
- As another method for producing a prototype there is a coating method in which a solution of an inorganic compound such as water glass is applied to fibrous carbon particles and dried.
- the method of coating the fibrous precursor particles by a sol-gel method using a metal alkoxide is based on the porous shape because the prototype obtained after gelling is a microporous material. There is an effect that a uniform uneven shape can be imparted to the surface of the carbonized material.
- the following method can be exemplified as a specific production method for coating SiO. That is,
- a silicate sol solution After adding alkoxysilanes to a solution of an alcohol such as methanol or ethanol, water is added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for several hours to be hydrolyzed to prepare a silicate sol solution.
- this sol solution it is common to adjust the pH to an appropriate level to control the stability and reactivity of the sol, and it is possible to use oxalic acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, ammonia, etc. as a catalyst to generate heat. I can do it.
- the fibrous carbon precursor particles are mixed with the sol solution, and the mixture is allowed to stand at room temperature or 40 ° C.
- silica gel in which the fibrous carbon precursor particles are dispersed is used. obtain.
- a method of spray-coating a silicate sol solution to the fibrous carbon precursor particles can also be used.
- alkoxysilanes that can be used include tetraalkoxysilanes such as tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetraisopropoxysilane, tetrabutoxysilane, their respective oligomers, and alkyltrialkoxy.
- examples include silanes such as methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, and ethyltriethoxysilane.
- Two or more types of alkoxysilanes may be used in combination depending on the process conditions of the gelling and the dispersibility of the particles at the time of coating on the fibrous carbon precursor particles.
- the fibrous carbon precursor particles whose surface shape is defined by silica gel are vacuum-dried, or heated to a range where the fibrous carbon precursor is not thermally deformed.
- increasing the density of siloxane bonds, which is a chemical structure in silica gel is effective in increasing the heat resistance of the coating component.
- Carbonization is performed by heating a carbon precursor, the surface of which is coated with a heat-resistant material, for a predetermined time in an atmosphere in the absence of a substance such as nitrogen or argon that reacts with the precursor during heating. .
- the atmosphere at the time of heating may be a flow system or a closed system, but a flow system is preferred.
- the pressure at the time of heating may be under pressure or under reduced pressure, but is usually performed under normal pressure.
- the heating temperature under normal pressure is usually 500 ° C or higher, preferably 800 ° C or higher.
- the heating may be performed by continuously raising the temperature to the predetermined temperature or by gradually increasing the temperature to the predetermined temperature.
- the heating time varies depending on the heating temperature and the like, but is usually 0.5 to 2 hours after reaching the predetermined heating temperature.
- the heat-resistant material on the surface is removed, and as a method therefor, a method of dissolving with an aqueous alkali solution such as sodium hydroxide or hydrofluoric acid may be mentioned.
- a method of dissolving with an aqueous alkali solution is preferable.
- the yield of carbon fine particles obtained by the above method is usually 30% by weight or more, and often in the range of 35 to 45% by weight.
- fibrous carbon fine particles having a specific surface shape can be obtained as a group of particles having a uniform shape. There is an advantage that can be designed with.
- an irregular shape is formed on the surface of the carbonized material at the interface between the carbon precursor and the prototype. That is, the uneven shape of the surface of the carbonized material can be obtained by carbonizing while reflecting the shape of the surface of the prototype when the carbon precursor softens in the course of heating.
- the production method of the present invention is an effective method in that a carbonized product can be obtained at a relatively low carbonization temperature, and the resulting carbon particles have high crystallinity.
- the precursor is a liquid phase carbonizable material
- the mesophase in the carbonization process largely controls the crystal structure of the product after carbonization, but the surface of the heat-resistant material covering the surface is not affected.
- the surface characteristics have a great influence on the crystallinity.
- an organic polymer such as polyacrylonitrile
- the effect of the surface functional group of the heat-resistant material on carbon radicals generated in the carbonization process has a large effect on crystallinity and orientation.
- the surface Examples of the functional group include a silanol group, a hydroxyl group, a ketone group, and an ester group.
- the surface of the heat-resistant material has a large number of hydroxyl groups, which are hydrophilic groups, it stabilizes the carbon radicals, so that the portion serving as the edge (end) of the carbon crystal is oriented. It is considered that the crystal orientation of the carbon particles obtained after the carbonization shows a shape in which the crystal a-axis is oriented vertically toward the outer periphery of the particles. Further, the crystallinity is generally higher than that of carbon fine particles obtained by carbonization without using a coating material.
- the surface of the heat-resistant material when the number of hydroxyl groups on the surface of the heat-resistant material is small! / ⁇ ⁇ , the surface becomes a hydrophobic surface, and as a carbonization product that is easy to turn to the hexagonal mesh surface of the benzene ring being formed in mesophase, It is considered that the orientation that reduces the crystal edge, that is, the concentric orientation from the center to the outer periphery tends to be easily exhibited.
- the fibrous carbon fine particles obtained by the production method of the present invention have a novel structure which has not existed conventionally, as described later. .
- the fibrous carbon fine particles of the present invention are fibrous carbon fine particles having a minor axis of 5 nm or more and 5 ⁇ m or less, and have an uneven structure with a surface roughness defined by the following formula (I) of 8.0% or more. It is characterized by having.
- the fibrous carbon fine particles of the present invention are acicular or elliptical particles that are long in one direction in terms of form.
- the minor axis has a value in the range of 5 nm to 5 ⁇ m. When the minor axis differs depending on the part of the particle, the largest part selected from the different minor axes has a value in the above range.
- the range of the major axis is not particularly limited, it is preferable that the major axis be uniform in view of dispersibility when dispersing in another material and ease of handling.
- the fibrous carbon fine particles of the present invention have a long diameter, which is usually in a range of 40 nm or more and 1000 ⁇ m or less, preferably in a range of 40 nm or more and 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably in a range of 40 nm or more and 10 ⁇ m or less. Have a length.
- the aspect ratio which is the ratio of the minor axis to the major axis, is determined from the viewpoint of field emission characteristics, conductive characteristics, and mixing and dispersion characteristics of different types of solids such as resins. Usually it is 2 or more, preferably 3 or more.
- the upper limit is usually 20000, preferably ⁇ 10000, and more preferably ⁇ 8000, from the viewpoint of handling during processing as a material.
- the surface roughness is measured by measuring the surface roughness of the carbon fine particles by AFM tapping mode, creating a two-dimensional image of the carbon fine particles from the obtained data, selecting an arbitrary straight line on the two-dimensional image, An outline is created from the above data corresponding to the straight line, and the length of the virtual straight line connecting two points on the outline is within the range of 20 nm or more and 35 nm or less.
- (S) is a portion where the deviation of the outline from the virtual straight line is within ⁇ 0.5 Hd. )
- AFM Anamic Force Microscope
- Tapping Mode the probe moves up and down like a bouncing sample surface to measure the surface condition (irregularity). I do.
- “Tapping Mode” is a registered trademark of Veeco, USA.
- a method for measuring the surface roughness for example, a method using Ra is known. This method cannot be applied to the fibrous carbon fine particles of the present invention, which is a nanometer-sized particle applied to a material having a large flat area such as a film and has a small curved surface to be measured. Therefore, in the present invention, the surface roughness defined by the above formula (I) is used.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view of a two-dimensional image of carbon fine particles
- FIG. 2 is an example of an analysis chart of the outline of the carbon fine particles
- FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the analysis chart shown in FIG.
- steps of calculating the surface roughness based on these figures will be described.
- the horizontal line in FIG. 1 indicates the scanning direction of the probe, and is data (irregularities) obtained by scanning.
- the line surrounding this set of data is a contour indicating the appearance of carbon fine particles.
- the contour line represents the appearance of the carbon fine particles.
- the peak and the bottom of the valley are adjacent within the range of 1 nm, and the unevenness of the height difference between 0.1 nm and 1. Onm is continuously present on the particle surface.
- the height difference is a numerical value obtained by analyzing a two-dimensional image of carbon fine particles created from data obtained by performing AFM tapping mode measurement.
- the specific measurement range for measuring the surface of the AFM is, for example, lOOnm square or more and lOOOnm square or less.
- a measurement target portion (S) whose length of a virtual straight line (LO) connecting two points (A—B) on the above-mentioned outline is in a range of 20 nm or more and 35 nm or less is selected.
- Hd is the virtual straight line length between the two points (A-B)
- Sd is the actual length of the outline between the two points
- the surface roughness is calculated based on the above formula (I). I do.
- the part to be measured (S) shall be a part where the swing width (Z) of the outline with respect to the virtual straight line (LO) is within ⁇ 0.5 Hd.
- the part where the runout width (Z) of the outline with respect to the virtual straight line (L0) is within ⁇ 0.5Hd is selected as the measurement target part (S), and the surface roughness is calculated based on the above formula (I). Is calculated.
- a specific analysis target in each of the above-described image analyzes (2) and (3) can be, for example, 50 nm square or more and 100 nm square or less.
- the data sampling density in each analysis visual field is in the range of 126 to 1024 in both the X and Y directions, and is analyzed by setting the visual field range and pixel to be 0.40 nm or less and 0.1OnM or more per pixel. Is possible.
- the number of analysis targets is set to 2 or more analysis fields, preferably 5 or more analysis fields, more preferably 10 or more analysis fields, and the average value of the surface roughness obtained from each field is determined.
- the fibrous carbon fine particles of the present invention have a surface roughness value measured as described above of 7.0% or more, preferably 8.0% or more, and more preferably 9.0% or more. .
- a surface roughness value measured as described above of 7.0% or more, preferably 8.0% or more, and more preferably 9.0% or more.
- the upper limit of the surface roughness is usually 55%, preferably 30%.
- the fibrous carbon fine particles of the present invention each have a substantially linear fibrous shape having a predetermined aspect ratio. Therefore, it is different from the primary or secondary structure structure of carbon black particles or a kind of carbon nanofiber having a coiled or bent shape.
- the fibrous carbon fine particles of the present invention are produced by liquid-phase carbonization in a prototype, they have a hollow structure inside the particles and a closed end. By allowing a liquefiable carbon material to exist in the hollow portion and repeatedly performing carbonization using the above-described prototype, the size of the hollow portion can be freely controlled.
- a means for increasing the viscosity of the carbon precursor polymer at the time of carbonization, or a means for reducing the use amount of the above-mentioned thermally decomposable polymer can be mentioned.
- By increasing the viscosity or suppressing the generation of pyrolytic gas generated from the precursor polymer small bubbles can be prevented from coalescing into large bubbles, and the size of the hollow portion can be reduced. Because it is considered possible. Ultimately, it is also possible to eliminate all the hollow parts.
- the particle structure preferably has a hollow portion because it can be used as a material having a low specific gravity while being pressed, and can be used by supporting a desired substance inside. At this time, it is more preferable that at least one end is closed, and it is more preferable that both ends are closed.
- the number of hollow portions per particle may be more than one, but one is preferable from the viewpoint of controllability when supporting a different substance.
- the hollow portion may be divided into a plurality of portions by the amorphous carbon wall. It is to be noted that the hollow portion may be filled not only with air but also with a liquid or other solid.
- the carbon content in the fibrous carbon fine particles is not necessarily required to be 100% by weight. From the viewpoint of 1S chemical stability, the carbon content is usually 70% by weight or more, preferably 75% by weight, as a value obtained by elemental analysis. That is all. Other elements include, for example, oxygen and nitrogen derived from functional groups present in various polymers used as precursors of carbonized materials.
- the fibrous carbon fine particles of the present invention are crystalline for the reason that performance after dispersion in a medium is exhibited.
- the term “crystallinity” as used herein means that it is not necessarily required to be controlled in a so-called graphitic state. As shown in Koyama et al. (“Industrial Materials”, Vol. 30, No. 7, pl09-115) It may be graphite. The crystallographic characteristics to be determined as a reflection peak force of X-ray diffraction as a measure of crystallinity are shown as follows.
- a peak is shown at an X-ray diffraction angle of 25.0 ° or more (preferably 26.0 ° or more) or more at an X-ray diffraction angle of an output source of CuKa, and the half-value width is 7.0 ° or less (preferably 6. 5 or less, and more preferably 5.0 ° or less).
- the diffraction angular force of the 002 peak is also calculated by the average distance between carbon networks d (002 ) Is 4.30 A or less (preferably 3.60 A or less).
- FIG. 4 is a schematic explanatory view for explaining the structure of the fibrous carbon fine particles of the present invention.
- the thickness of the carbon crystal wall (2) is expressed as a ratio to the distance (radius) from the center of the fibrous carbon microparticles (1) to the outer periphery of the wall from the viewpoint of the carrying capacity of other substances in the hollow part (3). Usually, it is 0.5 or less, preferably 0.3 or less.
- both ends of the fibrous carbon fine particles of the first invention have a structure in which carbon crystal ends are exposed.
- the structure in which the carbon crystal ends are exposed in the entire fibrous carbon fine particles (1) and only in the both ends as shown in FIG. 4 (b) There is a structure in which carbon crystal ends are exposed.
- the end means a range of a length within 10% of the diameter in the longitudinal direction from the leading edge.
- the structure in which the carbon crystal ends are exposed may be either a structure in which the carbon crystal ends are exposed on the surface or a structure in which a loop structure of the carbon network exists on the surface.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic explanatory view for explaining the types of surface structures of the terminal portions that can be taken by the fibrous carbon particles of the present invention (in the figure, the left side corresponds to the inside of the carbon fine particles and the right side corresponds to the outside of the carbon particles).
- the symbol (a) indicates a structure in which carbon crystal ends are exposed
- the symbol (b) indicates a loop-like structure of a carbon network on the surface of carbon fine particles.
- the loop structure is usually formed with up to 20 carbon net surfaces.
- the crystal orientation on the surface of the carbon fine particles that is, the formation of the crystal edge either in an exposed structure or in a loop structure of a carbon network plane is confirmed by a 800,000-fold TEM photograph.
- the structure in which the carbon crystal ends are exposed and the loop-like structure may be present at least on the outer peripheral portions at both ends of the fibrous carbon fine particles. Since the curvature is larger at both ends of the grain, the effect of exposing the crystal edge becomes remarkable.
- Fibrous carbon The proportion occupied by the above-mentioned structure relative to the total outer peripheral surface area of the fine particles is usually at least 3%, preferably at least 5%, more preferably at least 15%.
- the structure (a) in which the carbon crystal ends are exposed is formed by laminating carbon crystal planes substantially perpendicular to the fiber length direction.
- Sato et al. Abstracts of the 30th Annual Meeting of the Carbon Society of Japan, p.376
- This carbon fiber is a carbon structure obtained by subjecting the pores of an alumina coating obtained by anodic oxidation to liquid phase carbonization using polyvinyl chloride or polyvinyl alcohol as a raw material.
- an oxidizing film by an electrochemical manufacturing method for example, in a manufacturing method in which the pores of an anodic oxidizing alumina film are formed into a mold, since the structure of the film is dense, the interface with the mold at the time of carbon generation has irregularities. As a result, the irregularities on the surface of the obtained carbon material are small. As a result, the effect of the present invention is not achieved.
- the fibrous carbon microparticles of the present invention are carbon microparticles having a certain range of length and diameter while maintaining the shape using a carbon precursor having a certain range of length and diameter as a raw material. It has a specific small uneven shape on the surface, which is different from conventional CNTs.
- a herringbone structure carbon fiber obtained by a vapor growth method based on a metal catalyst is known (Publication Patent 2003-5130).
- the unevenness of the carbon fiber due to the exposure of the crystal end is generally only a step at the atomic level or the level of each layer of the carbon crystal, and is smaller than the range specified in the present invention. This can be understood from Comparative Example 2 described later.
- a crystalline carbon material forms agglomeration or structure by itself, like carbon black having a strong self-aggregation property, and it is difficult to highly disperse it in a heterogeneous material.
- carbon crystals have a structure in which the basal plane faces the surface, and these surfaces are chemically inert and have a low critical surface tension. Therefore, carbon crystals can be used in heterogeneous media, especially polar Due to the large difference in surface tension between high-solvent and hydrophilic substances and low affinity, dispersion in these substances is difficult.
- the fibrous carbon fine particles of the present invention are dispersed or dispersed in a solvent, resin, paste, or the like using a mixer, an extruder, or the like, the fibrous carbon fine particles of the present invention are dispersed.
- the surface irregularities exhibit a physical anchoring effect and improve the dispersibility in the medium.
- the crystal structure has a discontinuous structure, and crystal edges (edges) or large strains and carbon bonds are present at high density. Crystal edges and highly strained carbon bonds are chemically active sites with high potential energy. Therefore, the uneven structure of the fibrous carbon fine particles of the present invention is a chemically active site and acts as a site with high surface tension energy. As a result, the fibrous carbon fine particles of the present invention have a good affinity for polar media such as water, and can be easily dispersed in these media.
- the fibrous carbon fine particles having such a structure are preferred because of their large dispersing effect as compared with those in which the crystal ends are exposed only on the surface of the fibrous shape where both ends are exposed.
- the fibrous carbon fine particles of the present invention are fibrous carbon fine particles (1) in which a single hollow portion (3) surrounded by a carbon crystal wall (2) is formed. At least both ends (10) of (1) have a structure in which the carbon crystal ends are exposed, and the major axis of the fibrous carbon fine particles (1) is in the range of 40 nm to 10 m and the minor axis is in the range of 5 nm to 5 ⁇ m. It is characterized by the following.
- the fibrous carbon fine particles (1) of the present invention have a structure in which a single hollow portion (3) is formed by being surrounded by a carbon crystal wall (2). That is, the present invention The fibrous carbon fine particles (1) have a closed end structure, which is different from conventional CNTs.
- the carbon crystal wall (2) surrounding the hollow portion does not have a pore having a certain diameter or more that communicates from the outside of the particle to the hollow portion. Specifically, when observed by a TEM photograph, it is sufficient that pores having a pore size of usually several tens nm or more, preferably several nm or more, more preferably 1 nm or more exist.
- a CNT having a special structure a CNT having a structure in which a hollow portion surrounded by a carbon crystal wall is formed and the hollow portion is further divided into a plurality of portions by a carbon crystal wall is known.
- the fibrous carbon fine particles (1) of the present invention are surrounded by the carbon crystal wall (2) and have one hollow portion (3), and are surrounded by the carbon crystal wall and have the hollow portion. This is different from the CNT having a plurality of parts.
- the hollow portion (3) may be further divided into a plurality of portions by amorphous carbon walls.
- the hollow in the fibrous carbon fine particles in the present invention does not exclude not only the case where air is present but also the case where a liquid or other solid is filled.
- the exposed carbon crystal edge, the thickness of the carbon crystal wall, the carbon content of the particles, and the crystallinity are determined by the fiber of the first invention described above.
- the structure of the fine carbon particles can be directly applied.
- the fibrous carbon fine particles of the second invention have a major axis force of not less than Onm and not more than 10 ⁇ m and a minor axis of not less than 5 ⁇ m and not more than 5 ⁇ m. It is usually 2 or more, preferably 3 or more, from the viewpoints of field emission characteristics, conductive characteristics, and mixing / dispersion characteristics of different kinds of solids such as resins.
- the upper limit is usually 2000, preferably 1000, and more preferably 800, in view of the handling during processing as a material.
- FIG. 4 (a) The structure shown in Fig. 4 (a) is configured by laminating carbon crystal planes substantially perpendicular to the fiber length direction.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-146716 discloses a carbon fiber having one of the features of a structure in which a carbon network plane is laminated substantially perpendicularly to the length direction of the fiber. This structure has been confirmed in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image with a magnification of 800,000 times.)
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- This carbon fiber is obtained by a method of heating a mixed raw material of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of an iron carbonyl catalyst!
- the above-mentioned carbon fibers are characterized by having substantially no hollow portion, and are shown in FIG. 4 (a).
- the carbon fiber formed by the vapor phase growth method using a metal catalyst has a fineness as defined by the fibrous carbon fine particles of the first invention because the crystal growth in the fiber growth is generally continuous. It is thought that it is not possible to take a concave-convex structure with a periodic surface! / ⁇ .
- the overall length and shape of the fibrous carbon fine particles of the first and second inventions can be confirmed from a TEM (transmission electron microscope) observation image with a magnification of 50,000 or more.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- Whether a structure with a single hollow portion formed inside or an amorphous component without a hollow portion can be confirmed by the contrast in a TEM observation image with a magnification of 800,000 or more. It should be noted that the case where the same contrast is exhibited as in the case of a hollow like water is also included in the hollow.
- the structure at both ends (closed structure and lamination direction of carbon crystal plane) can be confirmed by contrast in a TEM observation image of 100,000 to 800,000 times.
- the fibrous carbon fine particle aggregate of the present invention is composed of the fibrous carbon fine particles of the second invention, and the dispersion is prepared by the following method.
- the particle size distribution index A represented by the following formula (II) measured by the above method is 0.1 to 20.
- D 90 , D 50 , and D 1 are counted from the minimum particle size, and represent the particle size of 90% by volume, 50% by volume, and 10% by volume, respectively; Unit / im).
- a dispersion medium used for preparing the above-mentioned dispersion liquid it is necessary to select an appropriate dispersion medium that is inert to the fibrous carbon fine particles according to the surface characteristics of the fibrous carbon fine particles and the like.
- a dispersion medium is selected as follows. That is, a dispersion is prepared in the same manner as in the preparation of the dispersion described above, and is left to stand for 24 hours after preparation. When visually observing the dispersion at the center between the lcm position from the top and the lcm position from the bottom, select a dispersion medium that can obtain a uniform dispersion state without substantial presence of secondary aggregated particles. . Examples of the dispersion medium that can be selected include the dispersion medium described below. In the case of the fibrous carbon fine particles according to the present invention, for example, water can be used as an appropriate dispersion medium.
- the particle size distribution index A can be measured by a dynamic light scattering method using a particle size distribution meter.
- the particle size distribution index is usually 0.1 to 20, preferably 1 to 15, and more preferably 1 to 10.
- the dispersion of the present invention is characterized in that the fibrous carbon fine particles of the second invention are dispersed in a dispersion medium.
- the dispersion medium is not particularly limited, and may be either a polar solvent or a non-polar solvent!
- the polar solvent include water, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol, glycols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, aethenoles such as tetrahydrofuran, ethinoleate ethere, and ethylene glycolone.
- Monoalkyl ethers of glycols such as ethylene glycol ether monomethyl ether ether, ethylene glycol glycol monomethyl ether ether, and the like, ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, and esters such as ethyl ethyl acetate And carbonates such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate.
- the non-polar solvent include various alkanes, aromatics, and mixtures thereof. Of these, water and alcohols are preferred from the viewpoint of high affinity and good dispersibility.
- the ratio of the fibrous carbon fine particles in the dispersion medium is usually 0.1 to 10% by weight, and the dispersion of the fibrous carbon fine particles in the dispersion medium is not only mechanical stirring, but also paint shaker. Means such as a mechanical shaking method or ultrasonic irradiation can be employed, and a surfactant may be used.
- the dispersion of the present invention has the following features. That is, since the fibrous carbon fine particles have a uniform shape and length, they do not form a huge aggregate that is less likely to be entangled with each other. In particular, when the dispersion medium is a polar solvent, the dispersion medium is present on the surface of the fibrous carbon fine particles. Due to the existing hydrophilic groups, they are not dispersed well to form secondary aggregates.
- the dispersed particle size of the dispersion of the present invention can be measured by a dynamic light scattering method using a particle size distribution meter or a laser diffraction diffraction method. Those are the dispersion according to the present invention. Specifically, after the dispersion is performed by the above-described method, the dispersion is allowed to stand for 24 hours and then measured.
- particles or aggregates having a size of 200 ⁇ m or more, which is a size not less than the measurement range are outside the scope of the present invention. Particles of such a size generally fall outside the range of measurement and detection ability by any of dynamic light scattering and laser diffraction methods, and their presence can be confirmed by an optical microscope.
- the dispersion of the present invention when at least 100 particles are observed, it is preferable that 90% by number or more of all the measured particles have a particle size or aggregate size of 60 ⁇ m or less. More preferably, the particle size or aggregate size is 30 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size distribution index A determined by the above formula (II) is usually 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 10.
- the fibrous carbon fine particles of the present invention have excellent dispersibility not found in conventional carbon materials, and in particular, are highly dispersible in water and polar solvents. Furthermore, it has an advantage in the conductive properties expected from the crystallinity. Therefore, the fibrous carbon fine particles of the present invention can be used as a composite material for the purpose of imparting conductivity to various polymers by vigorously utilizing the above-mentioned properties, and can also form an antistatic layer based on good dispersibility.
- Various uses are expected as liquids. In particular, it is effective as a conductive film for transparent conductive films for glass substrates, PET films, PVA films, etc., with high surface energy due to their fine particle size and uniformity. Furthermore, it is a material suitably utilized in the field of a support material for a diagnostic reagent and a monitor reagent in a living body utilizing a capsule structure.
- the temperature was raised from room temperature while stirring at 250 to 300 rpm under a flow of nitrogen gas, and polymerization was initiated by adding an aqueous solution of potassium persulfate (a solution of 0.1 lg in 5 g of water) at 60 ° C. At 70 ° C. for 3 hours.
- the dried gel obtained above was heated from room temperature to 1000 ° C in 5 ° CZ for 5 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere in an electric furnace, and kept at 1000 ° C for 1 hour to carbonize the polymer particles. After that, heating was stopped and a sample was taken out 12 hours after the electric furnace was cooled to room temperature. This was mixed with 60 ml of a 1 mol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, placed in a pressure vessel, and heated in an oven at 170 ° C for 6 hours to dissolve the silica gel, and the dispersion in which the carbonized particles were dispersed was dispersed. Obtained. This dispersion was centrifuged at 18000 rpm, the supernatant was removed, and the precipitated carbonized particles were washed three times with water in the same manner to obtain a carbon particle dispersion.
- Number of data sampling 512 in X direction, 512 in Y direction
- the liquid in which the sample was suspended was dropped 20 ⁇ L onto the AFM measurement cover glass. After 3 minutes, the liquid was almost completely absorbed with a filter paper, and then left to dry. This cover glass was adhered to a 1.5 cm diameter steel plate with double-sided tape to prepare a sample for evening measurement.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the particles were surrounded by carbon crystal walls as shown in Fig. 4 (b). Hollow part 1
- the particles had a structure in which carbon crystal ends were exposed at both ends.
- the external shape was an aggregate having a major axis of 800 to 1000 nm, a minor axis of 80 to: LOOnm, and an average aspect ratio of 10. Particles of 100 ⁇ m or more and aggregates of the particles were not present in the visual field.
- the particle size D force at the center of distribution was 3 ⁇ 415 nm.
- the peak half-width was 4.5 ° and the interplanar distance of the crystallites was 3.47A. It was calculated.
- the main constituent elements were carbon, nitrogen and oxygen, and the detection concentrations were 80.72% by weight of carbon, 5.84% by weight of nitrogen, and 6.41% by weight of oxygen.
- hydrogen was below the detection limit of 0.81% by weight and silicon was below 1% by weight.
- a methyl silicate oligomer “MS51” was mixed and dispersed in a mixed solution of 21.2 g of water and 27.lg of ethanol, and then ImolZL hydrochloric acid was mixed to prepare a pH2 solution. After stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, the methyl silicate oligomer was hydrolyzed to prepare a silica sol as a uniform solution.
- the dried gel obtained above was heated from room temperature to 1000 ° C for 5 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere in an electric furnace and kept at 1000 ° C for 1 hour to carbonize the polymer particles. After that, heating was stopped and a sample was taken out 12 hours after the electric furnace was cooled to room temperature. This was mixed with 60 ml of an lmol / L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, placed in a pressure vessel, and heated in an oven at 170 ° C. for 6 hours to dissolve the silica gel to obtain a dispersion in which carbonized particles were dispersed. Was. This dispersion was centrifuged at 18,000 rpm, the supernatant was removed, and the precipitate was carbonized. The particles were washed three times with water in the same manner to obtain a dispersion of carbon particles.
- AFM measurement was performed on the arbitrary particles in the above dispersion under the same conditions as in Example 1.
- Example 2 Further, analysis of the measured images was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, and the surface roughness was determined for three visual fields. As a result, Hd was 30.08 nm, and the surface roughness of each visual field was 13.1%, 11.9% and 21.7% (average value: 15.6%).
- the structure of the particles in the above dispersion was observed by TEM (magnification: 800,000 times). As shown in Fig. 4 (a), there was one hollow part surrounded by carbon crystal walls inside the particles. The particles had a structure in which the carbon network plane was substantially perpendicular to the fiber length direction.
- the external shape was a particle group having a major axis of 500 to 700 nm, a minor axis of 40 to 60 nm, and an average aspect ratio of 12.
- the capsule-shaped carbon fine particles having a hollow structure surrounded by a wall formed by orienting a carbon crystal layer having both ends closed It did not exist and had a fiber cylindrical structure with a diameter of 20 to 40 nm, that is, a fibrous carbon nanotube structure having a hollow central portion and a graphene laminated structure on the wall as its main component.
- the crystal layer had a herringbone structure that was not parallel to the long axis at any part.
- the structure other than this carbon product is mainly composed of non-crystalline carbon fibers and catalyst metal particles with a diameter of 50 to 500 nm and a length of 100 nm or more. It was an aggregate of crystalline carbon fibers that seemed to grow more radially than they were, and an aggregate in which these were entangled.
- the aluminum plate was anodized in a 20% by weight sulfuric acid at 10 ° C., 20 V for 2 hours to produce an anodized film having a pore diameter of 33 nm and a thickness of 70 m.
- a carbon film was deposited on this film by CVD deposition in the presence of propylene gas (1.2% by volume in nitrogen) at 800 ° C for 2 hours to produce a carbon Z anodized film.
- a second carbon film was deposited on the composite film by CVD deposition in the presence of acetonitrile gas (4.2% by volume in nitrogen) at 800 ° C for 5 hours. Then, a carbon Z carbon Z anodized film was produced.
- Example 2 Analysis of the measured image was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, and the surface roughness was determined for any three visual fields. As a result, Hd was 25.05 nm, The surface roughness of the field is 4.30%, 4.41%, 4.44% (average value 4.38%), and the surface roughness of the carbon nanotubes formed on the alumina film by anodic oxidation is The force was small compared to the example.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US11/596,857 US20090155589A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 | 2005-05-20 | Fibrous fine carbon particles and method for producing the same |
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| JP2004-158035 | 2004-05-27 |
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| RU2598676C1 (ru) * | 2015-04-14 | 2016-09-27 | МСД Текнолоджис С.а.р.л. | Модификатор для приготовления наноструктурированных композитных материалов и способ получения модификатора |
| EP3628774A1 (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2020-04-01 | Sanko Tekstil Isletmeleri San. Ve Tic. A.S. | A process of textile finishing and finished textiles |
| DK3628773T3 (da) * | 2018-09-27 | 2024-02-26 | Sanko Tekstil Isletmeleri San Ve Tic As | Fremgangsmåde til tekstilfarvning og farvede tekstiler |
| CN115077463B (zh) * | 2022-05-13 | 2023-07-25 | 东北大学 | 一种磨矿产品表面真实粗糙度的科学表征方法 |
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| US5156831A (en) * | 1986-01-21 | 1992-10-20 | Clemson University | Method for producing high strength, melt spun carbon fibers |
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| JP3981568B2 (ja) * | 2001-03-21 | 2007-09-26 | 守信 遠藤 | 電界電子エミッタ用炭素繊維および電界電子エミッタの製造方法 |
| JP3981567B2 (ja) * | 2001-03-21 | 2007-09-26 | 守信 遠藤 | 炭素繊維の長さ調整方法 |
| US20050100499A1 (en) * | 2001-06-25 | 2005-05-12 | Asao Oya | Carbon nanotube and process for producing the same |
| US7816007B2 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2010-10-19 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Spherical carbon particles and their aggregates |
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- 2005-05-20 WO PCT/JP2005/009262 patent/WO2005115915A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2005-05-20 US US11/596,857 patent/US20090155589A1/en not_active Abandoned
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