WO2005071735A1 - 接合方法及びこの方法により作成されるデバイス並びに接合装置 - Google Patents
接合方法及びこの方法により作成されるデバイス並びに接合装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005071735A1 WO2005071735A1 PCT/JP2005/000788 JP2005000788W WO2005071735A1 WO 2005071735 A1 WO2005071735 A1 WO 2005071735A1 JP 2005000788 W JP2005000788 W JP 2005000788W WO 2005071735 A1 WO2005071735 A1 WO 2005071735A1
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- bonding
- joining
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4219—Mechanical fixtures for holding or positioning the elements relative to each other in the couplings; Alignment methods for the elements, e.g. measuring or observing methods especially used therefor
- G02B6/4228—Passive alignment, i.e. without a detection of the degree of coupling or the position of the elements
- G02B6/4232—Passive alignment, i.e. without a detection of the degree of coupling or the position of the elements using the surface tension of fluid solder to align the elements, e.g. solder bump techniques
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/02—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding
- B23K20/023—Thermo-compression bonding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/16—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts, e.g. material for absorbing or producing gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
- B23K20/233—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded without ferrous layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/022—Mountings; Housings
- H01S5/0235—Method for mounting laser chips
- H01S5/02375—Positioning of the laser chips
- H01S5/0238—Positioning of the laser chips using marks
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- H10P72/0428—
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- H10P72/0446—
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- H10W90/00—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/36—Electric or electronic devices
- B23K2101/42—Printed circuits
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
- B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
- G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
- G02B6/4214—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms the intermediate optical element having redirecting reflective means, e.g. mirrors, prisms for deflecting the radiation from horizontal to down- or upward direction toward a device
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/022—Mountings; Housings
- H01S5/0225—Out-coupling of light
- H01S5/02251—Out-coupling of light using optical fibres
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/022—Mountings; Housings
- H01S5/0225—Out-coupling of light
- H01S5/02255—Out-coupling of light using beam deflecting elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/022—Mountings; Housings
- H01S5/023—Mount members, e.g. sub-mount members
- H01S5/02325—Mechanically integrated components on mount members or optical micro-benches
- H01S5/02326—Arrangements for relative positioning of laser diodes and optical components, e.g. grooves in the mount to fix optical fibres or lenses
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/022—Mountings; Housings
- H01S5/0235—Method for mounting laser chips
- H01S5/02355—Fixing laser chips on mounts
- H01S5/0237—Fixing laser chips on mounts by soldering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/02—Structural details or components not essential to laser action
- H01S5/022—Mountings; Housings
- H01S5/0235—Method for mounting laser chips
- H01S5/02375—Positioning of the laser chips
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- H10W72/012—
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- H10W72/01271—
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- H10W72/016—
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- H10W72/0198—
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- H10W72/0711—
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- H10W72/07141—
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- H10W72/07173—
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- H10W72/072—
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- H10W72/07223—
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- H10W72/07232—
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- H10W72/07251—
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- H10W72/252—
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- H10W72/29—
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- H10W80/301—
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a bonding method, a device produced by the method, and a bonding apparatus.
- the present invention relates to a joining technique for joining a plurality of objects having a metal joint at room temperature.
- the room temperature bonding method involves cleaning the bonding surface with an energy wave and then bonding in a vacuum as shown in Patent Document 1, or bonding in an inert gas as shown in Patent Document 2.
- a vacuum as shown in Patent Document 1
- an inert gas as shown in Patent Document 2.
- Patent Document 2 if gold is used, no reaction occurs, so that oxidation can be prevented, but organic substances are attached. Therefore, they are joined in an inert gas.
- the bonding surface is polished to the order of several nanometers, and is bonded with a low load in a state where the surface accuracy is improved. If the surface accuracy is on the order of several nanometers, this is the force that naturally joins in a vacuum due to the intermolecular force.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent No. 2791429
- Patent Document 2 JP 2001-351892 A
- the conventional method requires bonding in a vacuum, and it has been difficult to bond at least in the air due to the re-adhered film.
- bonding since bonding is performed only by contact with a low load, the surface accuracy must be increased to the order of several nm, and semiconductor wafers and chips that have been subjected to multiple thin film treatments or heat treatments that have no undulation or surface accuracy are required. Not suitable.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a solid layer that can be put into practical use at room temperature without the need for energy wave treatment under a high vacuum and continuous bonding under a high vacuum, and without requiring surface accuracy to the order of several nm.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a joining technique for joining. Means for solving the problem
- a bonding method is a method for bonding objects having a bonding portion made of a metal, wherein the bonding portion is an atomic beam, an ion beam, or plasma.
- the hardness of the joints is 200 Hv or less. Claim 1).
- the bonding apparatus includes a head for holding one of the workpieces, a stage for holding the other workpiece, and a head for holding at least one of the head and the stage.
- An up / down drive mechanism capable of controlling the pressure in a direction substantially perpendicular to the joining surface of the workpiece. After being treated with an energy wave, the joining portions are joined to each other and pressed at a normal temperature in a solid layer by pressing and joining, and the hardness of the joining portions is 200 Hv or less. Claim 26).
- the treatment using an energy wave refers to a treatment for joining a solid interface at a low temperature with an atomic beam, an ion beam, or plasma to make a joining interface of an object to be activated.
- This treatment is also called surface activation treatment, and the bonding principle based on surface activation can be considered as follows. That is, in the case where the object to be bonded is a substance such as a metal, an organic substance on the bonding surface or an adhering substance such as an oxide film is removed by etching to generate dangling bonds of active metal atoms on the bonding surface. The dangling bonds on the surface to be joined are joined together.
- the metal is gold, bonding can be performed within a few hours even in a vacuum atmosphere in which an organic substance, an oxide film, or the like is not easily adhered to the bonding surface.
- room-temperature bonding refers to a method of bonding at a low temperature of 180 ° C or lower at room temperature, preferably at room temperature.
- Conventional low-temperature bonding is lead-tin solder S183 ° C, so it is effective to be able to perform bonding at a lower temperature.
- the room temperature is more preferable if the joining at 150 ° C or lower and 100 ° C or lower is preferable.
- FIG. 1 shows the results of a joint strength comparison experiment based on the hardness of the joint.
- the surface activation treatment was performed by irradiating for 30 seconds at an intensity of 100 W using Ar plasma as an energy wave. After the surface activation treatment, the workpieces were pressure-bonded in an Ar atmosphere. As a result, Ni plating with a joint hardness of 300 Hv and chrome plating with a hardness of 600 Hv were poor joints. Strength was obtained. If the region is further limited, the range of Vickers hardness between 20Hv and 200HV connecting the curves in Fig. 1 is considered to be a good bonding region.
- the objects to be joined are made of different materials, if the different materials are joined by melting and diffusing, the materials become brittle or weak in material.
- the present invention is particularly effective because it can be joined in a solid state.
- the object to be welded is melted, the molten metal is not spread evenly, so that when the material is solidified, it is pulled to a larger side; Therefore, it is effective to join them in a solid layer.
- a function for performing surface treatment of the object to be bonded by the energy wave and a process of bonding the objects to be bonded with each other using separate devices are included in the function of performing both processes. It is okay to go with the integrated device!
- an energy wave irradiation means for generating the energy wave may be provided (claim 27).
- the energy wave in the invention according to claim 26 uses a means provided outside the device. It is possible to collectively perform the processes from the surface activation of the object to the joining process of the objects to be joined. As a result, for example, the surface activation treatment and the bonding treatment can be performed in one chamber, and the space of the apparatus can be saved.
- a joining method and a joining apparatus that execute the process from the surface activation treatment of the objects to be joined to the process of joining the objects to be joined without exposure to the atmosphere may be used!
- the steps from the surface activation processing of the article to be joined to the joining processing are performed without exposing the article to be joined to the atmosphere, the article is bonded after the surface activation of the article to be joined. This is preferable because floating objects and the like can be prevented from reattaching to the bonded object.
- a bonding apparatus that performs a process from the surface activation process to the bonding process of the workpiece as an integrated process may be used.
- a bonding apparatus that performs a process from the surface activation process to the bonding process of the workpiece as an integrated process.
- the joint may be made of gold (claims 2 and 28).
- the metal has low hardness and does not oxidize even in the air, so that it is an effective metal with little deposits.
- bonding can be performed within a few hours even when exposed to the air.
- the joints of all the objects to be joined are formed by forming a gold film on the surface of a base material having a hardness of 200 Hv or less, and after joining the objects to be joined, the gold film It may be configured to diffuse into the base material (claims 3, 29).
- the bonding surface (the surface of the bonding portion) is only gold, the bonding can be performed in the atmosphere because it is difficult for organic substances and the like to be reattached after the treatment by the energy wave. It is.
- the gold film is diffused into the base material after joining the objects to be joined, the base material is joined together after joining, so that it can be made of a uniform material with high strength.
- Diffusion refers to the movement and spread of particles, including molecules and nuclear power, and the diffusion of particles into the facing material and base material at the bonding interface.
- a bonding method and a bonding apparatus in which the hardness of gold or a gold film forming a bonding portion of at least one of the objects to be bonded is made equal to or less than ⁇ by annealing may be used.
- the hardness of the gold plating which is usually 120 Hv or more, is made 10 OHv or less by annealing. Further, it is more preferable to be 60 Hv or less.
- the object to be bonded is a semiconductor or MEMS device having a plurality of metal bumps, wherein the bonding portion is formed by forming the base material from copper and forming a gold film on the surface of the base material. After the objects are joined, the gold film may be diffused into the base material (claims 4 and 30).
- the bonding portion is formed by forming the base material from copper and forming a gold film on the surface of the base material. After the objects are joined, the gold film may be diffused into the base material (claims 4 and 30).
- the bonding portion is formed by forming the base material from copper and forming a gold film on the surface of the base material. After the objects are joined, the gold film may be diffused into the base material (claims 4 and 30).
- the bonding portion is formed by forming the base material from copper and forming a gold film on the surface of the base material. After the objects are joined, the gold film may be diffused into the base material (claims 4 and 30).
- the bonding portion is formed by
- the energy wave may be a reduced-pressure plasma! (Claims 5, 31).
- E Nerugi one wave processing is to be due ion beams or atom beams, true Sorado by using such.
- Plasma strain on a high vacuum atmosphere of about 10 "8 TORR is required equipment 10- 2 TORR Energy wave processing with simple equipment. Become.
- Ar it is more preferable to use Ar as a reaction gas for generating plasma because it is inert and has a high etching ability.
- At least one of the objects to be bonded is a semiconductor, and the bonded portion of each of the objects to be bonded is plasma-cleaned by the reduced-pressure plasma generated by an electric field that switches in a + -direction generated by an alternating power supply. Thereafter, a joining method of joining the objects to be joined in a solid layer at room temperature may be used! / ⁇ (Claim 6).
- At least one of the objects to be bonded is a semiconductor, and the bonded portion of each of the objects to be bonded is plasma-cleaned by the reduced-pressure plasma generated by an electric field that switches in a + -direction generated by an alternating power supply. Thereafter, a bonding apparatus for bonding the objects to be bonded in a solid layer at room temperature may be used (claim 32).
- a joining method and a joining device in which the alternating power supply is switched evenly from 1: 5 may be used. If the switching ratio is more than 1: 5, charge-up damage can be reduced. It is more preferable that the ratio is more than 1: 2.
- a Vdc has a minus value, and a + region is 20% -40%.
- Ar and oxygen plasma are positive ions, in order to accelerate and collide with the cleaning surface for etching, the electrode holding the object to be bonded needs to be a negative electric field. Therefore, the Vdc value is preferably one.
- Vpp is It shows the peak-to-peak in the AC waveform of the voltage
- Vdc is the bias voltage that is the offset value of the center voltage of Vpp from OV.
- the alternating power supply may be an RF plasma generation power supply capable of adjusting a bias voltage Vdc value (claims 7 and 33). If the alternating power supply is made too equal, the chance of colliding with the + ions is reduced, so that the cleaning ability (surface activation ability) is reduced. In addition, charge-up damage due to electrons occurs. Therefore, by making it possible to adjust the optimum Vdc value for each application, it is possible to exhibit the optimum cleaning ability without causing charge-up damage, which is preferable.
- the electric field can be easily switched between + and ⁇ alternately. Further, the ratio of + and-can be easily adjusted by adjusting the Vdc value.
- the alternating power supply may be a pulse wave generation power supply capable of adjusting a pulse width (claims 8 and 34).
- a power supply for generating a pulse wave as shown in FIG. 27 can be used. With a noise wave, a sharp rise and fall is possible, and the cleaning ability is also improved.
- the degree of vacuum below 10- 3 TORR after the plasma cleaning (energy wave treatment) or in pre-wash or cleaning. It is preferably washed mosquitoes ⁇ al in vacuo to 10- 3 TORR hereinafter to remove impurities. Further, it is preferable that vacuum is below 10- 3 TORR to remove reactive gases and the etching of the plasma during the cleaning or after washing. Heating at about 100-180 ° C can also be used to remove reactive gases such as Ar implanted on the bonding surface. Further, at the time of the cleaning, a reaction gas may be supplied from one side of the article to be bonded, and the reaction gas may be sucked from the other side.
- the reaction gas can flow in one direction through the surface to be bonded, so that the adhered substances scattered during the plasma cleaning can be efficiently removed, and the re-adhered substances to the bonded object can be reduced.
- the head and the stage according to the present invention each include a workpiece holding means, and in order to perform uniform joining without contact, an elastic material is arranged on at least one of the workpiece holding means. However, it is preferable to press both the objects to be joined via the elastic material when joining the objects to be joined.
- the metal is joined in a solid layer without melting and joining like solder, if there is no parallelism or flatness between the objects to be joined, the contact is made. ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Cannot join. Therefore, an elastic material is arranged on the surface of at least one of the means for holding the objects, and the two objects are pressed through the elastic material at the time of joining, so that the degree of parallelism between the objects is equalized. The flatness can be adjusted if the object is thin. After the objects are brought into contact with each other, the elastic material may be inserted between the objects and the holding means.
- At least one of the workpiece holding means is held by a spherical bearing, and the workpieces are contact-pressed with each other at the time of or before the workpieces are joined, so that at least one of the workpieces has the other inclination. It is preferable to match.
- the workpiece holding means is held on the stage and Z or head by a spherical bearing, and at the time of joining or before joining, the workpieces are pressed against each other and at least one of the workpieces is tilted to the other.
- Spherical bearings have a lock mechanism to select Lock Z-Free, and may be configured so that they can be set to the free state only when they are normally locked and in alignment. Also, after the parallelism is adjusted, the spherical bearings are locked, the state is maintained, and a force plasma treatment (energy wave treatment) is performed. It is preferable that the alignment is performed in a proper state, so that the joining can be performed without displacement when the objects are joined.
- a horn, a horn holding portion, and an ultrasonic vibration head having a vibrator force are provided, and an ultrasonic vibration having an amplitude force of 2 m or less is applied to the object to be bonded at 150 mPa or less during the bonding in the atmosphere.
- a method and a bonding apparatus for performing metal bonding in a solid layer with a load of 180 ° C. or less may be used.
- ultrasonic vibration is applied at the time of joining in the air, joining becomes easier. Already surface activated! Therefore, an ultrasonic energy of 2 m or less, which is small enough to suppress good damage and misalignment, is sufficient. Further, it is more preferable that the length is 1 m or less. .
- the joining load can be reduced by half or less to 150 MPa or less.
- they cannot be joined unless they are crushed with a high pressure of about 300 MPa at room temperature. If these bumps are on the surface of a semiconductor circuit, generally, if the bumps are above 200 MPa, some circuits will be damaged.
- the experimental conditions were as follows: A semiconductor chip using a gold bump with a height of 20 ⁇ m, a bump height of 1 ⁇ m, and a bump of 1 ⁇ m was formed on a gold thin film substrate using a 50 ⁇ m square as a metal projection on a semiconductor chip.
- At least one of the bonded objects is carried into the cleaning chamber 1 and the cleaned bonded object is carried out to the bonding portion.
- a joining method and a joining apparatus for joining and cleaning a subsequent article to be joined during joining may be used.
- the objects to be joined each having a gold or copper force, can be individually surface-activated by plasma treatment in a vacuum chamber beforehand, taken out into the atmosphere, and solid-state metal-joined.
- the plasma processing may be performed by sandwiching the chamber between the doors through a packing.
- the surface roughness Ry of the bonding portion of at least one of the objects may be 120 nm or more (claims 9 and 35).
- the surface roughness indicates minute irregularities within a certain area excluding the undulation. For example, it shows the maximum value and the minimum value of minute unevenness in 10 m 2 .
- Patent Document 1 the object to be bonded is washed with an energy wave in a vacuum to remove an adhered substance such as an oxide film or an organic substance on the bonding surface. Can be joined. However, if bonding is performed in the air or under a low vacuum where there are many suspended matters after cleaning, an adhering substance layer is formed on the bonding surface. Is not joined as it is.
- the deposit layer is thin, so that it can be joined by the following method.
- Fig. 2 (a) by forming minute irregularities on the joint surface, the convex portion is crushed and spread by pressurization, and a new surface appears to join (Fig. 2 (b)). reference).
- FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b) the crystal orientation rotates when the convex portions are crushed, so that the crystal orientation rotates and a new surface appears.
- sufficient bonding strength can be obtained when the surface roughness, which becomes the minute unevenness, becomes 120 nm or more as shown in FIG.
- a plurality of metal bumps serving as bumps are provided on the workpiece, and the shear strength after bonding is measured, and the shear strength per bump is shown.
- the bumps used were 40 ⁇ m square and 15 ⁇ m high made of gold plating.
- 30gZbump As a sufficient shear strength, 30gZbump, which is 80% or more of the maximum strength, was set as a guide.
- the surface roughness Ry of at least one bonding surface is set to 120 nm or more and 2 ⁇ m or less. If the unevenness of the joining surface (joining part) of the article to be joined becomes too large, the crushing amount is at most about several meters, and the contact area becomes small, so that the joining strength decreases. As shown in FIG. 4, when the thickness is 2 m or more, a sufficient bonding strength cannot be obtained.
- the joining surface of the article to be joined may be a plurality of metal projections, and the joining method and the joining device may be formed with the tip made convex.
- each joining portion is formed in a convex shape so that micro concaves and convexes are effective, and even if a plurality of joints are used, the joining area is smaller than the surface joining, but the same effect is obtained.
- an Ar plasma using a reaction gas of Ar gas is used, and the bonding surface of the workpiece is etched with the Ar plasma. Accordingly, the bonding method and the bonding apparatus for roughening the bonding surface may be used. If the cleaning time is set to be longer when cleaning the workpiece using Ar plasma, the bonding surface is roughened by, for example, normally performing 30 minutes at 3 seconds. The roughness can be made just 120 nm or more, which is effective.
- a head holding one of the objects to be bonded a stage holding the other one of the objects to be bonded, and at least one of the head or the stage being substantially perpendicular to a bonding surface of the object to be bonded.
- a vertical drive mechanism capable of controlling the pressure in the direction and controlling the pressure.
- the vertical drive means is configured to be capable of controlling the position of at least one of the head and the stage in a direction substantially perpendicular to the bonding surface of the workpiece, and to bond the workpieces together.
- the vertical drive mechanism is driven to press the objects to be joined together, and then the vertical drive mechanism is stopped, so that the height of the stage force of the head is maintained for a certain period of time.
- the bonding device may be kept constant (claim 36).
- the height of the head with the stage force refers to the object to be joined in the process of pressing the object held by the head against the object held by the opposite stage and crushing the joint microscopically. Represents the distance between. Keeping the head height from the stage constant means keeping the distance between the workpieces constant.
- the microstructure at the bonding interface cannot withstand the load, the crystal orientation rotates, the particles move, and the new surface is formed. Appear and join, residual stress is removed by the movement of the particles.
- the pressure is controlled, the crystal orientation does not deviate because the height is steadily reduced and it is constantly elastically deformed. However, when it stops at a certain height, the elastic deformation force begins to shift the crystal orientation, and the crystal orientation starts to collapse with time. Thereby, a new surface appears and contributes to joining.
- a head unit located at the end of the vertical drive mechanism may be provided with a head height detecting means, and may be a joining device that controls the height when the head is stopped.
- the head height detecting means may be provided to keep the head height constant in the order of submicrons. Considering the bonding interface microscopically, the elastic deformation of the bonded interface is canceled by the rotation of the crystal orientation and the movement of the particles. If a ball or the like of the bolt / nut mechanism of the Z-elevating mechanism (vertical drive mechanism) has an elastically deformed portion, even if the drive motor is stopped, if the drive motor is stopped further, it will enter the elastically deformable mode.
- a height detecting means is provided on the head. In other words, the height is controlled at a submicron level. By doing so, the elastic deformation is gradually eliminated and the joint strength is increased.
- Figure 5 shows the degree of increase in bonding strength after stopping the head.
- the head structure capable of controlling the pressurization and the position can be constituted by a ball screw and a servomotor in which pressure detecting means are arranged in series. Further, it is also possible to arrange a position detecting means in the cylinder to enable the pressurization control and the position control by the servo valve. It is to be noted that, as long as the pressurization control and the position control are possible, the present invention is not limited to the above-described configuration, and any other method may be used as the pressurizing means and the position control means.
- a joining method and a joining apparatus in which the stop time is 1 second or longer may be used. As shown in Fig. 5, the stop time was effective for more than 1 second depending on the material and the bonding state, and was ineffective for more than 2 minutes.
- a bonding method and a bonding apparatus that include a heating means and heat at 180 ° C or less at the time of the stop may be used. If heat is applied during the stop, the rotation of the crystal orientation and the movement of the particles are efficiently performed, the bonding proceeds, and the residual stress is removed, thereby increasing the bonding strength.
- Figure 6 shows the heating temperature and the bonding strength when the head is stopped. Heating at a low temperature of 180 ° C or lower was sufficient.
- a bonding method in which at least one of the bonding portions of the objects to be bonded is leveled, and then the bonding portions of the respective objects to be bonded are treated with the energy wave and then bonded at room temperature in a solid layer. Yes! / ⁇ (Claim 11).
- leveling refers to the surface roughness of the bump surface shown in FIG. 8 and the variation in height between the bumps shown in FIG. 9 as shown in FIG. It shows that the height and surface roughness are corrected uniformly by pressing a bump against the means. After leveling, the objects to be joined are joined together as shown in FIG. In this example, there is a substrate strength having a chip and a pad provided with bumps, but other bonding materials may be used.
- the leveling may be performed by the opposing workpieces before the workpieces are joined to each other (claims 12, 38).
- leveling since leveling is performed using the opposing bonded object, leveling can be performed in accordance with the characteristics of the surface unevenness of the bonded object. For this reason, the joining load can be reduced even for a workpiece having no surface.
- the height of the upper electrode pad slightly differs depending on the position due to the lower wiring pattern.
- both bonded objects have metal bumps (bonded portions) and the leveled metal bumps are bonded to each other. It is preferable that both the objects to be welded be leveled, since the joint surfaces can be evenly fitted, so that the joining load can be further reduced. When measured in the same manner as in Fig. 7, the joining load could be reduced to less than 100MPa.
- the joining method may be a joining method in which the objects to be joined are joined in a solid layer by abutting against each other!
- the joining unit was treated with the energy wave by the moving means so that the joining surfaces of the articles to be joined were not arranged facing each other.
- the vertical drive mechanism further moves at least one of the workpieces to the bonding surface.
- a joining apparatus for joining the objects to be joined together in a solid layer by moving the joined parts in a direction substantially perpendicular to each other and abutting the joined parts (Claim 39).
- a joining method and a joining apparatus may be employed in which a clearance between the objects to be joined after sliding to the joining position is within 20 mm.
- a clearance between the objects to be joined after sliding to the joining position is within 20 mm.
- the tilt of the Z axis vertical drive mechanism
- the Z-axis movement distance can be minimized. It can be set to 20 mm or less, which is 30 mm or less. Further, it can be set to 5 m or less, which is more preferable. If it is kept within a few zms, the error due to the tilt of the Z axis can be ignored, and the horizontal error due to the Z movement is also proportional to the amount of movement. It is kept to a minimum.
- the metal to be sputtered is arranged on the opposing surface of the article to be joined, and the metal is used as a plasma electrode, so that the metal is soldered on the surface of the article to be joined. A thin film is formed. If a metal film is sputtered on both surfaces of the workpieces, the metals can be bonded together. As a result, it is possible to apply A1, ceramics, oxidized materials, etc., which were difficult to join by conventional surface activation, and to join them. In addition, if the object to be bonded is used as a plasma electrode before the sputtering, the bonding surface of the object to be bonded is etched and cleaned in advance, so that bonding becomes easier.
- the objects to be bonded having one metal surface can be sputtered on the other object to be bonded, with the objects having one metal surface facing each other while the objects to be bonded are opposed to each other.
- a metal electrode is arranged at a position facing a joining surface of at least one of the joining objects, and the joining is performed by sputtering.
- a metal film made of a metal constituting the metal electrode may be formed on a surface, and the objects may be joined together in a solid layer (claims 14, 40).
- a metal to be sputtered is placed at a position facing the bonding surface of the object to be bonded, and the metal is irradiated with one energy wave, and the metal is sputtered on the surface of the object to form a thin film. If a metal film is sputtered on both surfaces of the workpieces, the metals can be bonded together in a solid layer.
- surface active bonding can be applied to hard metal ceramics such as Ni, ceramics, oxides, Si, etc., which are difficult to join and can be joined.
- the energy wave is a low-pressure plasma
- sputtering can be performed by using the metal as the plasma electrode.
- the surface to be bonded of the object to be bonded is etched and cleaned (energy wave treatment) in advance to make bonding easier.
- the object to be bonded having one metal surface can be used as the electrode side and the other object to be bonded can be sputtered.
- a metal film made of gold or copper is formed on the other joined surface by sputtering a surface metal that also has a gold or copper force on one of the objects to be joined.
- a bonding method and a bonding apparatus for bonding at room temperature with a solid layer may be used. By using a sputter metal of gold or copper, bonding can be performed at room temperature as a solid layer in the air.
- the bonding portion is formed in a contour shape, the surface of the bonding portion is activated by the energy wave, and then the bonding objects are bonded in a solid layer at room temperature, thereby joining the bonding objects. It is also possible to form a space surrounded by the joint by the joint between the surfaces and seal the space to a predetermined atmosphere (claims 15, 41). With such a configuration, by using a metal as the bonding portion, the objects to be bonded can be bonded in a solid layer at a low temperature of normal temperature and within 180 ° C. by etching using an energy wave (surface activation treatment). it can.
- the objects can be joined in an atmosphere of a vacuum or a sealed gas.
- bonding, vacuuming, gas replacement, and sealing processes can be performed in one process with one device.
- the surface (bonded portion) is activated by etching with energy waves and bonded by atomic force, bonding is possible even at room temperature.
- the joint strength is higher when combined with heating at about 150 ° C, the joint strength is higher and more sufficient at room temperature than the conventional heat diffusion bonding.
- the treatment for activating the surface of the article to be joined by the energy wave and the processing for joining the articles to be joined may be performed by separate devices.
- the present invention may be a bonding method and a bonding apparatus in which the process from the surface activation treatment of the article to be bonded to the bonding is performed without exposing to air.
- the present invention may be a bonding apparatus that performs all steps from surface activation to bonding.
- the reattachment of suspended matter can be further prevented by integrally performing the steps from surface activation of the article to joining. If surface activation and bonding are performed in the same chamber, reattachment of suspended matter can be further prevented, and at the same time, compactness and cost reduction can be achieved.
- the joint is made of gold, the joint does not corrode or generate gas. /,of It is suitable as a sealing material for sealing the atmosphere.
- the melting point is very high, the reliability at a high temperature after bonding in a solid layer at a low temperature is high and is suitable.
- gold can be bonded in the air or in a sealed gas within a predetermined time after surface activation. Further, in the present invention, gold may be only on the bonding surface. The portion where the height is reduced is soft as the base material of the joint! / The material can also be selected.
- the bonding portion is made of gold, and is formed by forming a gold film on the surface of a base material having a hardness of 200 Hv or less, and the bonding portion of at least one of the objects to be bonded is formed.
- the above-mentioned gold or the above-mentioned gold film may be made of gold plating having a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or more (claims 16 and 42).
- the space may be sealed in a vacuum atmosphere by bonding in a vacuum (claims 17 and 43).
- the method of joining the objects to be joined is etching of the joints by energy waves in a vacuum (surface activation treatment)
- the space can be easily sealed in a vacuum atmosphere. It is suitable.
- the bonding can be performed as it is in the vacuum atmosphere of the surface activation.
- the inside of the decompression chamber is replaced from a vacuum state to a filling gas, and the object is joined in the filling gas, whereby the space is sealed.
- a configuration in which sealing is performed in an atmosphere of an incoming gas may be adopted (claims 18 and 44).
- the bonding portion is made of gold, it is not corroded even in a vacuum or in an inert gas, and the adhesion of foreign substances is suppressed for a certain period of time. Therefore, the bonding is not affected even in a vacuum. Therefore, the present invention can be applied to a gas other than an inert gas.
- the joining method and the joining apparatus may be such that the sealing gas is Ar or nitrogen! / ⁇ . If the sealing gas is Ar or nitrogen, it is suitable because it does not affect the device such as corrosion. If the filling gas is Ar, the reaction atmosphere used for bonding can be used as it is, which is preferable. [0073] In the surface activation treatment using an energy wave, it is effective to etch at least Inm or more since the adhering matter present on the surface of the object adheres to lnm or more in a few seconds when exposed to the atmosphere even after the jet cleaning. It is.
- the present invention may be a bonding method and a bonding apparatus in which gold constituting a bonding portion of at least one of the objects to be bonded has a hardness of ⁇ ⁇ or less by annealing.
- the hardness of gold which is usually 120 Hv or more, is set to ⁇ ⁇ or less by annealing. Further, it is more preferable to be 60 Hv or less.
- the object to be bonded is a wafer
- a plurality of devices can be collectively bonded at one time. Dice and separate into pieces after joining.
- the present invention may be a bonding method and a bonding apparatus in which the object to be bonded is a device such as a surface acoustic wave device or an RF device.
- a device such as a surface acoustic wave device or an RF device.
- semiconductor devices such as semiconductor devices, surface acoustic wave devices, and RF devices, and MEMS devices having mechanically movable parts, etc.
- MEMS devices having mechanically movable parts, etc.
- Is suitable for this method because it has a problem that it is weak to heat, and because it is made of a combination of dissimilar materials, it may not be able to withstand joining at high temperatures due to distortion due to thermal expansion. Also, there has been no conventional bonding method for these devices that dislike gas and moisture from resin within 200 ° C.
- these devices are preferable because they have a vibrating surface or have an actuator that moves mechanically in MEMS, so that they cannot be bonded by resin and must be directly bonded.
- the most effective form is to handle and bond on the wafer in the semiconductor manufacturing process.
- the force is also suitable for the chip state after dicing.
- a configuration may be adopted in which the objects to be joined are joined in the atmosphere (claims 19 and 45).
- the adhered substance layer is thin, so if crushed and joined, the joining interface of the joined portion is expanded and a new surface appears and joins. You. In terms of time, after the surface activation treatment, especially when the bonding portion is gold, oxidation and organic substances do not easily adhere again, so that bonding is easy within 1 hour.
- the elapsed time after the energy wave treatment of the joint, the type of gas, and the moisture content The required heating temperature depends on the condition (humidity). If mounted (joined) within one hour after exposure to air, joining was possible even with heating within 100 ° C.
- the bonding method is a solid layer in the present bonding method, since the metal molecules are directly bonded to each other at the bonding surface, even if the bonding surface is heated to a high temperature, for example, 350 ° C, the metal molecules are diffused. It does not cause a drop in bonding strength or an increase in resistance just because of the high reliability at high temperatures.
- one of the objects to be bonded is a device that electrically functions using the bonding part as an electrode, and the surface of the bonding part is made of gold or copper, and the bonding part of the bonding object to be bonded is used.
- an adhesion layer is formed on the joint by gas, and the joints made of metal electrodes are brought into contact with each other in the air, so that the device is positioned at an optimum position in a state where the device is electrically operated.
- a bonding method of bonding at room temperature with a solid layer may be used (claim 20).
- one of the objects to be bonded is a device that electrically functions using the bonding portion as an electrode, and the head that holds the functional device and the other that holds the other object to be bonded.
- a stage the vertical drive mechanism for vertically moving at least one of the head or the stage, a probe for electrically functioning the functional device, a recognition unit for recognizing a function of the functional device, and the functional device.
- An alignment table for correcting a relative position of the article, wherein the surface of the joint is made of gold or copper, and the joint of the article to be joined is cleaned by the energy wave.
- an adhesion layer is formed on the joint by gas, and the joints made of metal electrodes are brought into contact with each other in the air, and the device is electrically operated in a state where the device is electrically operated.
- it may also be a bonding apparatus for room-temperature bonding in a solid phase ⁇ (claim 46).
- the position was adjusted in a state where the functional device was directly electrically operated while the metal electrodes were in contact at the time of mounting. Thereafter, it is effective to join the metal electrodes to each other by heating.
- replacing with an alignment mark involves errors, and is complicated and inefficient. Therefore, the surface of the junction of the functional device (object to be bonded) becomes gold or copper, and both surfaces are treated in vacuum with an energy beam such as an atomic beam, an ion beam, or plasma, and then joined with a gas.
- an energy beam such as an atomic beam, an ion beam, or plasma
- a method of solid-state joining of metals at room temperature a method of treating a joining surface, which is a metal alloy, with an energy wave in a vacuum and joining in an inert gas atmosphere is effective. Therefore, after the energy wave treatment, an adhesion layer is formed with a gas, and the metal electrodes are brought into contact with each other in the air. Therefore, it is possible to adjust the relative position between the functional device and the workpiece while electrically operating the functional device.
- both electrodes are metal-bonded only by applying low-temperature calorific heat within 180 ° C. In this way, the melting temperature of lead-tin solder, which is conventional low-temperature metal bonding, can be set lower than 183 ° C.
- the temperature is preferably within 150 ° C. It is more preferable that the temperature be within 100 ° C.
- the solder does not spread evenly when melted, there is a problem in that when the solder is solidified, the object to be bonded is pulled toward a portion having a larger amount of solder, causing a standing displacement. Therefore, it is effective to be able to join objects (functional devices) in solid layers. From the data, the required heating temperature depends on the elapsed time after the energy wave treatment of the joint, the type of gas, and the degree of moisture content (humidity). If an adhesion layer was applied in the air and mounted within one hour, bonding was possible even with heating within 100 ° C.
- the bonding method is a solid layer
- the bonding surface is directly bonded to the metal molecules, so even if the bonding surface is heated to a high temperature, for example, 350 ° C, the metal molecules are only diffused.
- the bonding strength does not decrease or the resistance value does not increase, and the reliability is high even at a very high temperature.
- a gas for forming the adhesion layer a gas containing nitrogen, oxygen, He, hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon is attached compared to a gas such as inert Ar, so that a gas cannot be joined only by contact. And bonding at a low temperature is possible.
- the bonding method and the bonding apparatus in which the gas is air may be used. If it is air, it can be easily handled and the above effects can be expected.
- the light emitting element is electrically operated. After the light emitting point of the light emitting element is recognized by the recognition means, the position of the light emitting element is adjusted to an optimum position, and then the solid-state bonding is performed at room temperature (claims 21 and 47).
- a bonding method and a bonding apparatus in which the light-emitting element is a surface-emitting type and emits light in a direction perpendicular to the bonding surface of the light-emitting element and on one of the objects to be bonded may be used. No.
- one of the objects to be bonded is a light emitting element that emits light in parallel with the bonding surface, and a probe is brought into contact with an electrode on the side opposite to the bonding surface of the light emitting element, and the other probe is brought into contact with the other electrode.
- the recognition means the position of the light emitting element is adjusted to the optimum value, and then the metal is bonded in a solid layer by heating within 180 ° C. Good.
- the alignment between the light emitting point and the optical fiber is required to have an accuracy on the order of submicron, and the present invention is effective in accuracy.
- reliability is required at a high temperature of 250 ° C or higher because heat is radiated during light emission. This bonding method enables bonding at a low temperature and maintains reliability at a temperature higher than the bonding temperature. Is valid.
- the present invention is effective in the case of a light emitting element such as a laser diode that emits light in parallel to the bonding surface as shown in FIGS.
- a light emitting element such as a laser diode that emits light in parallel to the bonding surface as shown in FIGS.
- the electrode serving as the bonding surface of the light emitting element is set on the object side, and the position is adjusted while vertically moving while holding the opposite surface.
- the probe is brought into contact with the electrode on the light-emitting element holding surface and the upper electrode on the side of the object while pressing the lower electrode of the light-emitting element against the upper electrode of the object, and the light-emitting element functions electrically.
- metal bonding is performed in a solid layer by heating within 180 ° C.
- the light emitting element is a surface light emitting type, and emits light in a direction perpendicular to the bonding surface and on one of the objects to be bonded. A certain bonding surface is brought into contact, probed to the other end of the workpiece, After the light spot is recognized by the recognition means, the position of the light emitting element is adjusted to an optimum value, and then the bonding method and the bonding apparatus for performing metal bonding in a solid layer by heating within 180 ° C may be used.
- a light emitting device such as a surface emitting laser that emits light in a direction perpendicular to the bonding surface in addition to a light emitting device that emits light parallel to the bonding surface (FIG.
- the light emitting direction is particularly large as shown in FIG. Since the directions of the electrodes and the electrodes can be set downward, the configuration can be simplified.
- the light emitting surface is set to the object side, and the position is adjusted while holding the opposite surface. Since the electrode is located on the same side as the light emitting surface, the probe is brought into contact with the electrode on the upper surface of the object while being pressed against the electrode on the object side, and the light emitting element functions electrically. After adjusting the light-emitting point to the optimum position, the metal is joined in a solid layer by heating within 180 ° C.
- the lateral force can be recognized by providing the stage with an optical path changing means such as a prism.
- the method for adjusting to the optimum value is a bonding method and a bonding apparatus for inputting light emitted from a light emitting element to an optical fiber, detecting the input value, and adjusting the position of the light emitting element.
- a method of recognizing the light emitting point when inputting to the optical fiber, it is effective to connect the other end of the optical fiber to the measuring device, monitor the output, and adjust the position where the maximum value is obtained, and It is an easy way.
- a position where the amount of light is maximum is generally regarded as a light emitting point. However, it is preferable to recognize a light emitting point including not only the maximum value but also the surrounding light and shade state.
- the bonding method and the bonding apparatus may include a second step of reading the obtained light with a matrix image sensor and recognizing a light emitting point position, and a third step of adjusting the light emitting element position based on the recognition result.
- the position of the object is first recognized by the object recognition means, and the light emitting point is detected. Recognize the position where it should come.
- the light emitting point is directly input to the matrix image sensor, the input value is detected, and the optical device is adjusted so that the position on the matrix image sensor at which the light amount becomes the maximum value is the target position on the matrix image sensor.
- This can be achieved by adjusting the position.
- the light emitting element is caused to emit light
- the maximum light amount position on the matrix image sensor is obtained by reading with the matrix image sensor. Since the position of the matrix imaging device movably mounted on the table has a predetermined component, the position of the light emitting point of the light emitting device can be recognized.
- the position of the light emitting element is corrected so that the light emitting point comes to the position where the maximum light quantity on the matrix image sensor should be reached.
- the position of the image pickup element having the maximum value is regarded as the light emitting point. It is preferable to recognize in pixel units.
- the object-to-be-recognized means and the light-emitting point recognizing means are separate matrix image sensors, and the relative position of each image-capturing element is determined by the reference point at which the light-emitting point and the position of the object mark are determined
- a bonding method and a bonding device that are calibrated and recognized by recognizing the jig may be used! / ⁇ .
- the light emitting point recognizing means and the object recognizing means are separate matrix image pickup devices when the magnification of the optical system is different, for example. In this case, if the relative position between the individual matrix imaging elements is not a component, even if the object mark is recognized, it is not possible to determine where the light emitting point should be brought.
- the relative positions of the light emitting point and the workpiece recognition mark are determined in advance using a reference jig in which the relative positions are determined, the relative positional relationship can be calibrated. By doing so, it is possible to recognize even if the size of the object recognized by the light-emitting point is different from that of the object.
- a bonding method and a bonding apparatus for intermittently emitting light to recognize the position may be used.
- heat is dissipated at the time of light emission, so if continuous light is emitted, heat is stored at about 250 ° C.
- bonding occurs at the time of position adjustment and a position shift is caused by thermal expansion or the like. Therefore, by emitting light intermittently and synchronizing with the light emission to capture the light emitting point instantaneously, it is possible to prevent heat storage and recognize the light emitting point at a low temperature.
- an alignment mark is provided on both workpieces, and alignment mark recognizing means is provided. After the positions are corrected by the alignment marks of both workpieces, the workpieces are electrically operated to be at an optimum position.
- the joining method and the joining device to be adjusted may be used. How to recognize the flash point In other words, if the positional accuracy is suddenly poor, and even if the light emitting element is brought into contact, if the positional deviation is large, it takes time to align the light emitting point. In addition, the required accuracy of enlarging the field of view of the light emitting point recognizing means also deteriorates.
- a joining method and a joining apparatus may be used in which the light emitting point recognizing means and the object recognizing means comprise the same recognizing means.
- a joining method and a joining device in which at least one of the objects to be joined is held by a tool having an optical path changing means and the object to be joined and the light emitting point are recognized from the lateral force.
- an optical path changing means such as a prism or a mirror, and the optical path is changed to the lower side, both the position of the workpiece and the position of the light emitting point can also read the side force It can also have a simple structure.
- the light-emitting element is held by a tool having an optical path changing means, and a lateral force can be read from a mark on an upper surface of a workpiece, so that the structure is simple.
- the position of the object to be bonded refers to the determination of the position by recognizing the alignment mark and outline on the light-emitting element and the substrate and determining the position of the light-emitting point. It is also used to recognize light emitting elements and alignment marks on the substrate for alignment.
- IR infrared
- at least one of the objects can be transmitted and the alignment mark of the object can be read.
- an optical path conversion means is provided in the light-emitting element holding tool, and the alignment mark can be read by transmitting the light-emitting element or the workpiece by recognizing it with IR light.
- reflected light may be used coaxially, or transmitted light may be used using a light source on the opposite side.
- This optical path changing means may be provided on the workpiece holding stage side in addition to the holding tool.
- the position of the workpiece including the light emitting point and the light emitting element can be recognized with the same recognition means from the same direction and the measurement can be performed with higher accuracy.
- the optical system of the light emitting point recognition means recognizes a mark or an outer shape on the workpiece. This is preferable because, after recognizing the workpiece, the position where the next light-emitting point should come can be easily recognized, and since there is no relative position error due to the individual recognition means or a change over time due to thermal expansion or the like, it is preferable.
- the apparatus can be simplified, and the arrangement can be simplified without providing a moving table having a plurality of axes in the recognizing means. If the alignment table is limited to one of the head side and the stage, the arrangement can be further simplified. Further, even if the matrix image pickup devices are individually divided, the optical system can be formed into an integral structure by forcibly branching the optical system.
- the light-emitting element can be mounted with high efficiency and high accuracy by the above-described method, and can be manufactured with high accuracy and at low cost. It is effective.
- one of the objects to be bonded is a chip
- the other of the objects to be bonded is a wafer force for mounting the plurality of chips
- the bonding is such that the plurality of chips are continuously bonded to the wafer. It may be a method! ⁇ (Claim 22).
- one of the objects to be bonded is a chip
- the other of the objects to be bonded is a wafer force for mounting the plurality of chips
- the bonding is such that the plurality of chips are continuously connected to the wafer. It may be a device! ⁇ (Claim 48).
- a chip generally refers to an individual part obtained by dicing a wafer, and includes mounted components such as transistors, resistors, capacitors, and reactances.
- a bonding method and a bonding apparatus in which the bonding time between the chip and the wafer is 2 seconds or less and the chips are continuously mounted may be employed.
- the solder is heated and melted, then cooled If the chip is released until it is fixed, the position shifter will be released, so it takes time to continuously mount the chip and the production efficiency is not good.
- the bonding time for one chip is about 10 seconds.
- the bonding time can be extremely short.
- the bonding time is preferably 1 second or less, and more preferably 0.5 second or less, because it is shorter than bonding by ultrasonic vibration bonding.
- the bonding method may be a bonding method in which the object to be bonded is a semiconductor or a chip having MEMS device strength, or a wafer!
- a device such as a semiconductor device or a MEMS device manufactured by the bonding method according to any one of Claims 124 to 126 (Claim 25).
- a device such as a semiconductor device or a MEMS device manufactured by the bonding method according to any one of Claims 124 to 126 (Claim 25).
- the semiconductor chip has thermal effects and high-precision mounting with a fine pitch electrode force of less than zm;
- the present invention in which there is a growing demand for joining at low temperature at room temperature, is particularly effective.
- the bonding method and the bonding apparatus may be such that the object has a metal projection on at least one of the objects, and at least one of the objects is a semiconductor chip.
- the semiconductor device may be a semiconductor device manufactured by the above-described method, in which at least one of the objects has a metal projection on at least one of the objects, and at least one of the objects is a semiconductor chip.
- heat effects on the semiconductor and high-precision mounting with a fine pitch electrode force of several zm or less are desired.
- the present invention in which the demand for joining at a low temperature is high, is particularly effective.
- a three-dimensional structure can be obtained by bonding semiconductors, and a semiconductor device with a higher degree of integration can be obtained, which is preferable. Further, it is preferable that the wafers are bonded and then diced and chipped to increase production efficiency.
- At least one of the objects to be bonded is a semiconductor, and the bonding surface of each of the objects to be bonded is plasma-cleaned under reduced pressure with plasma generated by an electric field generated by an alternating power source and switched in a +-direction. Then, by bonding the cleaned bonding surfaces together in a solid layer at a low temperature, metal ions can be neutralized before being charged by alternately colliding positive ions and electrons with the object to be bonded. . By doing so, it is possible to avoid charge-up damage of the article. Further, by adjusting the time of the + region and the region with the bias voltage Vdc and the pulse width of the noise wave, an optimum neutralization region can be created.
- the two workpieces are placed at the side positions where the joining surfaces do not overlap. After both the bonding surfaces are plasma-cleaned, the two bonding surfaces are moved to a position facing each other, and at least one of the workpieces is moved in a direction substantially perpendicular to the bonding surface of the workpiece.
- the object to be joined can be washed with plasma (surface activation treatment) while preventing reattachment of an organic substance or the like to the other.
- plasma surface activation treatment
- At least one of the junction between the device and the object to be the lid is formed with a joint metal in a contour shape, and the device and the object to be joined are placed in one decompression chamber, and both the junctions are atomized.
- bonding is performed at a low temperature of 180 ° C or less, leaving a space between the device and the object to be bonded, and sealing it in a predetermined atmosphere. be able to.
- the sealing of the atmosphere can be performed by one apparatus and in one process, so that cost reduction and mass productivity are excellent.
- a resin sealing material for the evacuation hole becomes unnecessary.
- bonding can be performed at a low temperature, it can be applied to a device that cannot withstand bonding at a high temperature due to distortion due to thermal expansion due to a combination of different materials and a device that is weak to heat.
- the direct bonding can be performed at the position where the position is adjusted while the functional device is functioning, so that the bonding can be performed efficiently and without displacement.
- bonding can be performed at a low temperature and in a solid layer, bonding can be performed with high precision.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the relationship between metal hardness and bonding strength.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a state of removal of an adhered film due to unevenness of a bonding interface.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing rotation of a crystal direction at a bonding interface during bonding.
- ⁇ 4 A diagram showing the relationship between bonding surface roughness and bonding strength.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between a head stop time during joining and a joining strength.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing a relationship between a heating temperature when the head is stopped at the time of joining and a joining strength.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the joining load and the joining strength depending on the presence or absence of leveling.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing variations in bump height.
- FIG. 10 Schematic diagram of leveling.
- FIG. 12 is an illustration of a method for aligning a light emitting element.
- FIG. 13 is a side view of a method of aligning a side light emitting element to an optical fiber on a PLC.
- FIG. 14 is a side view of a method of aligning a side light emitting element to an optical fiber embedded substrate.
- FIG. 15 Alignment device for issuing element.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing diffusion of a gold film.
- FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing the collective recognition of the parallel light emitting elements from the side by the optical path changing means.
- FIG. 18 is a view showing a configuration of collectively recognizing a planar light emitting element from a side by an optical path changing means.
- FIG. 19 is a view showing a joining device.
- FIG. 20 is a view showing a joining device.
- FIG. 24 A chip-level configuration diagram of a device.
- FIG. 25 is a configuration diagram of a device at a wafer level.
- FIG. 26 is an RF plasma power supply diagram.
- FIG. 30 shows a cleaning device and a joining device.
- FIG. 15 shows a first embodiment of the bonding apparatus according to the present invention.
- an apparatus for bonding a chip 20 having a semiconductor power as a first object and a substrate 22 as a second object will be described as an example.
- the bonding surface of the chip 20 has a metal electrode 20a made of gold, which is an electrode.
- the metal electrode 22a which is an electrode, is disposed on the bonding surface of the substrate 22 at a position facing the metal electrode 20a on the chip side. .
- the chip-side metal electrode 20a and the substrate-side metal electrode 22a are joined by being pressurized.
- the bonding apparatus roughly includes a mounting mechanism 27 including a vertical drive mechanism 25 and a head unit 26, a mounting mechanism 28 including a stage 10 and a stage table 12, a position recognition unit 29, a transport unit 30, and a control device 24.
- Consists of The vertical drive mechanism 25 moves the head 26 up and down while being guided by the vertical guide 3 by the vertical drive motor 1 and the bolt / nut mechanism 2.
- the head portion 26 is guided vertically by the head escape guide 5, cancels its own weight, and detects a pressing force while being pulled by the head's own weight counter 4 for pressing against the pressing force detecting means 32.
- the detection means 32 and the vertical drive mechanism 25 are grounded.
- the head unit 26 includes a tip holding tool 8 and a tip tool 9, which suck and hold the tip 20, a head-side alignment table 7, which performs position correction with a translation axis of translation and rotation, and supports them. It is composed of a head holding unit 6. Further, a heating heater is embedded inside the chip holding tool 8.
- the mounting mechanism 28 includes a stage 10 for holding the substrate 22 by suction, and a stage table 12 having a movement axis for translation and rotation for aligning the positions of the chip and the substrate. Also, a stage heater 11 is built in the stage 10.
- the joining mechanism is connected to the frame 34 and the periphery of the pressurizing center is connected to the gantry 35 by four columns 13.
- the position recognition unit 29 is inserted between the opposed chip and the substrate to recognize alignment marks for position recognition of the upper and lower chips and the substrate. It is composed of a recognition means moving table 15 for horizontally and Z-moving or vertically moving 14.
- the transport section 30 includes a substrate transport device 16 for transporting the substrate 22, a substrate transport conveyor 17, a chip supply device 18 for transporting the chips 20, and a chip tray 19.
- the control unit 31 includes control and operation units for the entire device. In particular, in the pressing force control, the torque of the vertical drive motor 1 is controlled by a signal from the pressing force detecting means 32 to control the pressing force related to the joining.
- the chip 20 is supplied to the chip holding tool 8 from the chip tray 19 by the chip supply device 18 and held by suction.
- the substrate 22 is supplied from the substrate transport conveyor 17 to the stage 10 by the substrate transport device 16 and is held by suction.
- the upper and lower mark recognition means 14 is inserted between the chip 20 and the substrate 22 having the bonding surfaces opposed to each other by the recognition means moving table 15, and the alignment marks for positioning the opposing chip 20 and substrate 22 are recognized by the upper and lower mark recognition means. Recognize the position by 14.
- the position of the substrate 22 is aligned and moved by the stage table 12 with respect to the chip 20 in the parallel and rotational directions. At the time of the alignment, the position may be corrected using the stage table 12 and the head-side alignment table, or the position may be corrected using only the head-side alignment table. Further, a configuration using only one of the tape inserts may be used.
- the upper and lower mark recognizing means 14 is retracted by the recognizing means moving table 15 in a state where the bonding positions of the chip 20 and the substrate 22 are aligned.
- the head part 26 is moved up and down 5, the chip 20 and the substrate 22 are grounded.
- the position of the head section 26 in the height direction is detected by the head height detecting means 24.
- the contact timing between the chip 20 and the substrate 22 is detected by the pressing force detecting means 32, and the vertical drive motor is switched to the position control force torque control.
- the head height is monitored by the head height detection means 24 even during pressurization switched to the torque control, and the position in the height direction can be controlled.
- the suction of the chip 20 is released, and the chip 20 remains on the stage in a state where the chip 20 is mounted on the substrate 22 side. This is again discharged to the substrate transport conveyor 17 by the substrate transport device 16 and the series of operations is completed.
- the bonding surface (bonding part) of the workpiece (chip 20, substrate 22) made of metal must be vacuum- Then, several nm of etching (cleaning) is performed by an energy beam that is an atomic beam, an ion beam, or plasma to remove the adhered substance.
- etching cleaning
- an energy beam that is an atomic beam, an ion beam, or plasma
- an adhesion layer is formed on the bonding surface.
- the attached layer is also thin, so that the applied layer is crushed by pressure, and the attached layer is crushed, and a new surface appears and is joined.
- gold having a Vickers hardness of 60 Hv is employed as the bonding portion, so that the chip 20 and the substrate 22 are firmly bonded at room temperature as shown in FIG.
- the present embodiment is significantly different from the first embodiment in that the joining portion of the article to be joined is formed by forming a gold film on the surface of a base material made of metal, and other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment. This is the same as the embodiment.
- the second embodiment will be described in detail focusing on the differences from the first embodiment. The description of the same configuration and operation as in the first embodiment will be omitted.
- the joint between the chip 20 and the substrate 22 is configured as follows. That is, a plurality of coppers are used as the base materials 20b and 22b, and the base materials 20b and 22b are configured as metal bumps having the gold films 2Oc and 22c formed on the surfaces thereof. Then, after the metal bumps are subjected to a surface activation treatment with a single energy beam, they are bonded in the air, and heated at a low temperature to diffuse gold.
- FIG. 16A shows a joint formed by forming a gold film using copper as a base material.
- FIG. 16B shows a state in which the gold films 20c and 22c diffuse into the base materials 2 Ob and 22b due to the low-temperature heating after joining the joint shown in FIG. 16A.
- the bonding surface is gold, bonding in the air is possible as long as it is within several hours that organic substances and the like do not easily adhere to the bonding surface after the surface activation treatment.
- the gold film is diffused into the base material after the room-temperature bonding, the base material is bonded to each other after the bonding, so that a uniform material having high strength can be formed.
- it can be diffused by leaving it at room temperature. Diffusion can be accelerated by heating at a low temperature.
- the gold films 20c and 22c could be diffused into the base materials 20b and 22b by performing heating at 150 ° C. for 2 hours.
- the object to be bonded is an electrical functional device in a semiconductor or a MEMS device
- the bonding temperature of the copper bumps was high and practically difficult. Therefore, by covering the surface of the base material made of copper with the gold film as in the present embodiment, the bonding can be performed at a low temperature. Further, an atmosphere that is not vacuum, such as a gas or air, can be selected. It is effective because it can. After that, if gold is diffused into the base material, it will be a joint between copper and the purpose will be achieved.
- the present embodiment is significantly different from the above-described first and second embodiments in that minute irregularities are formed on the surface of the joint portion, and other configurations and operations are the same as those in the above-described first and second embodiments. The description is omitted.
- a configuration specific to the present embodiment will be described in detail.
- the convex portions are crushed and spread by pressurization at the time of joining the objects, and a new surface appears and is joined.
- Fig. 3 when the crystal orientations arranged side by side are crushed, the crystal orientations rotate, and a new surface appears.
- a sufficient bonding strength can be obtained when the surface roughness, which is the minute unevenness, is 120 nm or more as shown in FIG.
- the bonding area is smaller than that of the surface bonding so that micro unevenness is effective as described above. Get the same effect Can be Also, in order to crush and join micro unevenness, the hardness of the joining metal must be low.
- gold was used as the non-joined portion with a hardness of 200 Hv or less, so that it was possible to join firmly.
- the pressing force at this time was 150 Mpa or more, it was possible to join more firmly.
- the joining portion was made of gold, the hardness was low and it did not oxidize in the air, which was effective.
- the cleaning time is set to be longer, for example, the joint surface is generally roughened by performing 30 minutes for 3 minutes. Is performed. If the object to be bonded is cleaned using Ar plasma just for the time that the roughness can be set to 120 nm or more, the surface activation treatment and the formation of minute irregularities on the surface of the joint are performed on the surface of the joint. Work can be performed at the same time, and efficiency is high.
- Ar plasma surface activation treatment
- the unevenness of the joining surface is elastically deformed, so that the crystal at the interface may not rotate. is there. Also, the elastic deformation remains as residual stress and acts in the direction of peeling off the bonding force, so that the bonding strength is reduced.
- the micro at the bonding interface of the workpiece becomes unable to withstand the load, and the crystal orientation is rotated. Particle movement occurs, a new surface appears and joins, and the residual stress is removed by the particle movement. As shown in Fig. 5, this stop time was effective for more than 1 second depending on the material and the bonding state, and was ineffective for more than 2 minutes.
- the object to be joined may be a material other than a semiconductor.
- the bonding portion is preferably made of gold, Al, copper, or the like, but any other metal or a material other than metal may be used as long as it can perform surface-active bonding.
- the semiconductor chip may be in any form such as a chip or a wafer! Further, the metal protrusions may have a plurality of shapes that are independent of each other, or may have a continuous shape in which a certain region is confined. Further, the entire surface may be a bonding surface.
- a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail.
- This embodiment is significantly different from the first to fourth embodiments in that the chip 20 is a light emitting element.
- Fig. 12 shows a diagram explaining the method of aligning the side-surface light emitting element and a PLC (Planner Light wave guide Circuit) substrate with a V-groove for fixing the fiber
- Fig. 13 shows the side view.
- an apparatus for aligning and joining a light emitting element 20 as a functional device as a first object and a substrate 22 as a second object will be described as an example.
- the bonding surface of the light emitting element 20 has a metal electrode which is a metal force which is an electrode, and a metal electrode which is an electrode is disposed on the bonding surface of the substrate 22 at a position facing the metal electrode on the light emitting element side.
- the light emitting element side metal electrode and the substrate side metal electrode are aligned by aligning the positions of the light emitting point 41 and the optical fiber 46 and then joined by heating.
- the joining device roughly includes a joining mechanism 27 including a vertical drive mechanism 25 and a head unit 26, a mounting mechanism 28 including a stage 10 and a stage table 12, a position recognition unit 29, a transport unit 30, and a control device 24.
- the vertical drive mechanism 25 moves the head 26 up and down while being guided by the vertical guide 3 by the vertical drive motor 1 and the bolt and nut mechanism 2.
- the head section 26 is guided vertically by the head release guide 5, cancels its own weight, and detects the pressurizing force while being pulled by the head's own weight counter 4 for pressing against the pressurizing force detecting means 32.
- the pressing force detection means 32 and the vertical drive mechanism are grounded.
- the head 26 includes a tip holding tool 8 and a tip tool 9 for holding the light emitting element 20 by suction, a head-side alignment table 7 for performing position correction with a translation axis of translation and rotation, and supports them. It is composed of a head holding unit 6.
- a heating heater is embedded inside the chip holding tool.
- the mounting mechanism 28 includes a stage 10 for holding the substrate 22 by suction, and a stage table 12 having a movement axis for translation and rotation for aligning the position of the light emitting element and the substrate.
- a stage heater 11 is built in the stage 10.
- the joining mechanism is coupled to the frame 34 and the periphery of the pressing center is connected to the gantry 35 by four columns 13.
- the position recognizing unit 29 is inserted between the light emitting element and the substrate facing each other, and includes upper and lower mark recognizing means 14 and upper and lower mark recognizing means 14 for recognizing alignment marks for position recognition of the upper and lower light emitting elements and the substrate. Recognition means for moving horizontally and Z or up and down. Further, the light emitting point recognition means 33 is provided at the tip of the upper and lower mark recognition means 14, and can be moved to an arbitrary position by the recognition means moving table 15 to measure the position of the light emitting point.
- the transport section 30 includes a substrate transport device 16 for transporting the substrate 22, a substrate transport conveyor 17, a light emitting element (chip) supply device 18 for transporting the light emitting elements 20, and a light emitting element (chip) tray 19.
- the control unit 31 includes control and operation units for the entire device. In particular, in the pressure control, the torque of the vertical drive motor 1 is controlled by a signal from the pressure detection means 32 to control the pressure related to joining.
- the light-emitting element 20 is supplied from the light-emitting element tray 19 to the light-emitting element holding tool 8 by the light-emitting element supply device 18 and held by suction.
- the substrate 22 is supplied from the substrate transport conveyor 17 to the stage 10 by the substrate transport device 16, and is held by suction.
- the upper and lower mark recognizing means 14 is inserted between the light emitting element 20 and the substrate 22 having the bonding surfaces facing each other by the recognizing means moving table 15, and the alignment mark for positioning the opposing light emitting element 20 and the substrate 22 is marked up and down. The position is recognized by the recognition means 14.
- the position of the substrate 22 is translated by the stage table 12 with respect to the light emitting element 20 to the parallel and rotational movement directions.
- the head-side alignment table is constituted by a fine stroke and high-precision piezo for light-emitting point alignment. Assume a table.
- the upper and lower mark recognizing means 14 is evacuated by the recognizing means moving table 15 in a state where the two joining positions are aligned.
- the head unit 26 is lowered by the vertical drive mechanism 25, and the light emitting element 20 and the substrate 22 are grounded.
- the position of the head portion 26 in the height direction is detected by the head height detecting means 24.
- the contact timing between the light emitting element 20 and the substrate 22 is detected by the pressing force detecting means 32, and the vertical drive motor is switched from position control to torque control.
- the head height is monitored by the head height detection means 24 even during pressurization switched to the torque control, and the position in the height direction can be controlled.
- the probe 1 contacts the electrode 1 on the upper surface of the light emitting element, and the probe 2 contacts the electrode 2 on the upper surface of the substrate.
- Probe 1 is preferably mounted from the head and moves up and down simultaneously with the head.
- a probe may be formed by plating a part of the surface of the holding tool with metal. Probes are brought into contact with both electrodes, causing the light-emitting element to emit light and function. If a V-shaped groove is cut in the PLC board and one optical fiber is held, set a photometer at the other end of the optical fiber and search for the light emitting element position that has the maximum luminous intensity. Since the position between the light emitting element and the substrate has already been corrected by the alignment mark, the position accuracy within several ⁇ m can be obtained.
- the alignment force between the light emitting point and the optical fiber is adjusted with sub-micron accuracy.
- the light-emitting element emits light
- the luminous intensity from the optical fiber is measured
- the light amount is measured while the head is moved up and down while the position of the light-emitting element is slightly changed to obtain the maximum point.
- the position of the light emitting element is determined at the maximum point, and bonding is performed by heating at a low temperature of 180 ° C or less. As a result, it is joined both positionally and electrically.
- a position where the amount of light is maximum is generally regarded as a light emitting point.
- a light emitting point including not only the maximum value but also the surrounding light and shade state. Since the position of the light-emitting point is determined by the thickness of the light-emitting element up to the light-emitting point in the height direction, the precision can be maintained if care is taken during manufacturing. However, since the horizontal direction depends on the mounting accuracy, even if an alignment mark is used, it is difficult to mount the alignment mark with high accuracy, including the positional error between the alignment mark and the light emitting point. is there.
- the outer shape or the fiducial mark of the PLC board is recognized by the bonded object recognition means.
- the object recognition means is the upper and lower mark recognition means. Or any other means that can be used as a light-emitting point recognition means.
- an optical path changing means that also has a prism force may be provided on the tip tool side or the stage side, for example.
- the mark can be recognized by using an object-to-be-recognized means using IR light and transmitting the object to recognize the metal alignment mark 23.
- the position of the V-groove on the PLC board is recognized, and the position of the center of the optical fiber is recognized.
- the light emitting point is input to the matrix image sensor in the light emitting point recognizing means, and the input value is detected, and the position of the matrix image sensor at which the maximum value is reached becomes the target matrix image sensor position at the center of the optical fiber.
- the light emitting element position is adjusted as described above.
- the light emitting point may be adjusted to the center position by moving the matrix imaging position to a target position.
- the light emitting point recognizing means 33 is moved as necessary by the recognizing means moving table 15 for the PLC outer shape position recognition and the light emitting point recognition. After determining the position of the light emitting element, bonding is performed by heating at a low temperature of 180 ° C or less.
- the object or object is recognized by recognizing the mark or the outer shape on the object with the optical system of the light emitting point recognition means. Thereafter, the position where the next light-emitting point should come can be easily recognized, and it is preferable because the relative position error due to the individual recognition means and the temporal change due to thermal expansion do not occur.
- at least one of the workpieces is held by a tool having an optical path changing means composed of a prism or a mirror, and the workpiece and the light emitting point are recognized by the same recognition means from the lateral force. As a result, measurement can be performed with higher accuracy.
- the light emitting point recognition means and the article recognition means are separate matrix image pickup devices when the magnification of the optical system is different, for example.
- the relative position between the individual matrix image sensors has no component, there is no component to determine where the light emitting point should be brought even if the object mark is recognized. Therefore, if the relative positions of the light emitting point and the workpiece recognition mark are determined in advance, and both are recognized using a reference jig, the relative positional relationship can be calibrated. By doing so, it is possible to recognize the light emitting point and the object to be bonded, which have different sizes.
- the suction of the light emitting element 20 is released, and the light emitting element 20 is mounted on the substrate 22 side. It remains on the stage in a sunk state. This is again discharged to the substrate transport conveyor 17 by the substrate transport device 16 and the series of operations is completed.
- bonding can be performed by applying ultrasonic vibration instead of heat bonding.
- This method can be joined at a low temperature and at room temperature, so it can be joined in a solid layer without being affected by thermal expansion.
- By suppressing the amplitude and applying vibration after applying pressure, mounting can be performed with high accuracy without displacement.
- FIG. 14 is an explanatory view of a method of aligning and joining a surface emitting element as a modification and a substrate in which an optical fiber is embedded.
- the alignment mark for alignment of each of the opposing light emitting device 20 and the substrate 22 is recognized by the upper and lower mark recognizing means 14, and the positions of the light emitting device 20 and the substrate 22 are aligned.
- the probe is brought into contact with both electrodes on the substrate in a state where is added between the electrodes serving as both bonding surfaces, and the light emitting element is made to emit light electrically to function.
- the light emitting point recognition means 33 moves to one end of the optical fiber embedded in the substrate 22 by the recognition means moving table 15 and measures the luminous intensity. Since the position between the light emitting element and the substrate has already been corrected by the alignment mark, the position accuracy within several / m is obtained. In this state, the alignment between the light emitting point and the optical fiber is performed with submicron accuracy.
- the light emitting element emits light
- the luminous intensity from the optical fiber is measured
- the light amount is measured while the position of the light emitting element is delicately changed while raising and lowering the head to obtain the maximum point.
- the position of the light emitting element is determined at the maximum point, and bonding is performed by heating at a low temperature of 180 ° C or less. As a result, it is joined both positionally and electrically.
- a position where the amount of light is maximum is generally regarded as a light emitting point, but it is preferable to recognize a light emitting point not only at a maximum value but also in a surrounding light and shade state.
- the position of the light-emitting point is determined by the lower force of the light-emitting element in the height direction and the thickness up to the light-emitting point, it can be maintained with high accuracy if care is taken during manufacturing.
- the horizontal direction depends on the mounting accuracy, it is difficult to mount the alignment mark with high accuracy, including the alignment error between the alignment mark and the light emitting point, even if an alignment mark is used.
- a submount base having an optical path hole that does not have the optical fiber embedded in the substrate is provided.
- the outer shape of the submount substrate or the reference mark is recognized by the bonded object recognition means.
- the object recognition means may be the upper and lower mark recognition means 14, or a light emitting point recognition means or any other suitable means.
- an optical path changing means that also has a prism force may be provided on the tip tool side or the stage side, for example.
- the mark can be recognized by using an object (IR) light to recognize the alignment mark 23 made of metal by transmitting the object. .
- the position of the light emitting point should be determined by recognizing the optical path hole position of the submount or the submount position from the outer shape or the mark in advance, the light emitting point is directly input to the matrix imaging device, and the input is performed. This can be achieved by detecting the value and adjusting the position of the light emitting element so that the position of the matrix image sensor at which the value becomes the maximum value becomes the target matrix image sensor position. It is also possible to move the matrix imaging position to the target position so that the light emitting point is at the center position. As a method of recognizing the light emitting point by the matrix image pickup means, generally, the position of the image sensor at the maximum is regarded as the light emitting point. It is preferable to recognize with.
- the mark or outline on the object is recognized by the optical system of the light emitting point recognition means.
- the position where the light-emitting point should come can be easily understood, and it is preferable because the relative position error due to the individual recognition means and the temporal change due to thermal expansion and the like do not occur.
- At least one of the objects to be bonded is held by a tool having an optical path changing means composed of, for example, a prism or a mirror as shown in FIG.
- the recognition means By recognizing with the recognition means, measurement can be performed with higher accuracy.
- the light emitting point recognition means 33 is moved by the recognition means moving table 15 as needed for the recognition of the outer shape position of the substrate and the recognition of the light emission point.
- the suction of the light emitting element 20 is released, and the light emitting element 20 remains on the stage in a state where the light emitting element 20 is mounted on the substrate 22 side. This is discharged again to the substrate transfer conveyor 17 from the substrate transfer device 16 and the series of operations is completed.
- the present invention is also applicable to a functional device that requires position adjustment other than the light emitting element.
- the present embodiment is significantly different from the above-described first to fifth embodiments in that the above-described leveling is applied to the joint before joining the objects to be joined (FIGS. 8 to 11). reference).
- a configuration specific to the present embodiment will be described in detail.
- the bonding surface (bonded portion) is etched in advance by several nm using Ar plasma (energy wave) in a vacuum to remove extraneous matter.
- Ar plasma energy wave
- an adhesion layer is formed on the bonding surface, so that even if the bonding is performed, the bonding is not performed as it is.
- the deposit layer is also thin, so that a new surface appears by pressure and is joined. As shown in Fig. 7, even if it is in the air, it can be bonded at room temperature by applying pressure if not left after dry cleaning. This is thought to be such that although a thin adhesive layer is formed on the bonding surface, it can be broken by pressure.
- Leveling refers to uniform correction of height and surface roughness by pressing a bump against a reference base 40 having flatness as shown in FIG.
- Pre-leveled tips may be aligned or joined before joining.
- the force may be bonded to the substrate by leveling at a position.
- the hardness of the joining metal in order to crush and join the joining portion, the hardness of the joining metal must be low.
- a metal joint having a hardness of 200 Hv or less is employed.
- gold or copper when gold or copper is employed, a strong joint can be obtained.
- welding was possible at a pressure of 150 MPa or less during leveling.
- gold is an effective metal because it has a low hardness and does not oxidize even in the air.
- the semiconductor chip may be in any form such as a chip or a wafer.
- the metal bump may have a plurality of shapes independent of each other, or may have a shape in which a certain region is confined and connected. Further, the entire surface may be a bonding surface.
- the object to be bonded may be a material other than the semiconductor.
- FIG. 19 shows a seventh embodiment of the joining device according to the present invention.
- an apparatus for bonding a chip 20 having a semiconductor power as a first object to be bonded and a substrate 22 having a wafer power as a second object to be bonded will be described as an example.
- the bonding surface of the chip 20 has a plurality of bumps 20a, which are metal electrodes serving as electrodes, and the metal pads 22a, which are electrodes, are arranged on the bonding surface of the substrate 22 at positions facing the chip-side metal electrodes. Tepuru.
- the chip-side metal electrode and the substrate-side metal electrode are joined by applying pressure after the treatment with the energy wave.
- the bonding apparatus roughly includes a mounting mechanism 27 including a vertical drive mechanism 25 and a head unit 26, a mounting mechanism 28 including a stage 10 and a stage table 12, a position recognition unit 29, a transport unit 30, and a control device 24.
- Consists of The vertical drive mechanism 25 moves the head 26 up and down while being guided by the vertical guide 3 by the vertical drive motor 1 and the bolt / nut mechanism 2.
- the head section 26 is guided vertically by the head escape guide 5, cancels its own weight, and the pressing force detecting means 32
- the pressing force is detected while being pulled by the head's own weight counter 4 for pressing against the pressure, and the pressing force detecting means 32 and the vertical drive mechanism are grounded.
- the head unit 26 includes a tip holding tool 8 and a tip tool 9, which suck and hold the tip 20, a head-side alignment table 7, which performs position correction with a translation axis of translation and rotation, and supports them. It is composed of a head holding unit 6.
- a heating heater is embedded inside the chip holding tool.
- the mounting mechanism 28 includes a stage 10 for holding the substrate 22 by suction, and a stage table 12 having axes of translation and rotation for aligning the positions of the chip and the substrate. Also, a stage heater 11 is built in the stage 10.
- the joining mechanism is connected to the frame 34 and the periphery of the center of pressure is connected to the gantry 35 by four columns 13.
- the position recognizing unit 29 is inserted between the opposed chip and the substrate to recognize the alignment marks for position recognition of the upper and lower chips and the substrate. Z or a recognition means moving table 15 for moving up and down.
- the transport section 30 includes a substrate transport device 16 for transporting the substrate 22, a chip supply device 18 for transporting the wafer cassette 243 and the chip 20, and a chip tray 19. Further, in order to continuously perform the cleaning and the bonding, the cleaning machine 241 is connected to the bonding apparatus by a transporting means, and the chip tray and the wafer are loaded into the cleaning machine as needed, cleaned and taken out.
- the chip tray 19 is supplied and stored from a chip tray cassette 242.
- the wafer 22 is supplied and stored from a wafer cassette 243.
- the control unit 31 includes control and operation units for the entire device. In particular, in the pressing force control, the torque of the vertical drive motor 1 is controlled by a signal from the pressing force detecting means 32 to control the pressing force related to the joining.
- the washed chip 20 is supplied from the chip tray 19 to the chip holding tool 8 by the chip supply device 18 and held by suction.
- the substrate 22 made of the washed wafer 1 is supplied to the stage 10 by the substrate transfer device 16 and held by suction.
- the upper and lower mark recognizing means 14 is inserted between the chip 20 and the substrate 22 whose bonding surfaces are opposed to each other by the recognizing means moving table 15, and the alignment marks for positioning the opposing chip 20 and the substrate 22 are marked up and down.
- the position is recognized by the recognition means 14.
- the position of the substrate 22 is translated and rotated by the stage table 12 based on the chip 20. Move to alignment. During the alignment, the position may be corrected using the stage table 12 and the head-side alignment table, or the position may be corrected using only the head-side alignment table. Also, a configuration having only one of the tables may be used.
- the upper and lower mark recognizing means 14 is evacuated by the recognizing means moving table 15 in a state where the two joining positions are aligned.
- the head unit 26 is lowered by the vertical drive mechanism 25, and the chip 20 and the substrate 22 are grounded.
- the position of the head portion 26 in the height direction is detected by the head height detecting means 24.
- the contact timing between the chip 20 and the substrate 22 is detected by the pressing force detecting means 32, and the vertical drive motor is switched from position control to torque control.
- the head height is monitored by the head height detecting means 24 even during pressurization switched to the torque control, and the position in the height direction can be controlled.
- the suction of the chip 20 is released, and the chip 20 is left on the stage with the chip 20 mounted on the substrate 22 side.
- the mounting is completed by joining the chips onto a substrate that also has wafer strength. This is again discharged to the wafer cassette 243 by the substrate transfer device 16, and the series of operations is completed.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram of a chip state. As shown in FIG. 25, bonding on a wafer before dicing is most efficient.
- FIG. 20 shows a wafer bonding apparatus according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- the chamber is closed with the wafer to be bonded serving as the lid held on the upper side and the wafer serving as the device on the lower side facing up and down, and after etching with Ar plasma in a vacuum,
- the two objects are brought into contact with each other and are joined by pressing.
- it is a device that increases the strength by heating at a low temperature within 180 ° C.
- the equipment configuration holds the upper wafer 807 (lid 830), the head unit that performs elevation control and pressurization control by the Z axis 801 and the lower wafer 808 (device 829), and aligns the wafer in some cases. It is divided into stages.
- the Z-axis 801 incorporates pressure detecting means, and performs pressure control by feeding back to torque control of the Z-axis servomotor.
- the chamber wall 803 that can be raised and lowered by an actuator is lowered, and the chamber 810 is evacuated while being grounded via the fixed packing 805, the reaction gas is introduced into the chamber, plasma processing is performed, the vacuum is drawn, and the sealed gas is filled.
- the gas is replaced with the filling gas, the head part descends, and the two wafers are contact-pressed and joined.
- a force that seals the one wall 803 of the chamber with an O-ring so as to be able to move up and down.
- the upper electrode 806 and the lower electrode 809 are also provided with a heater, and can be heated at the time of bonding.
- the operation will be described step by step as shown in FIG. 21.
- the upper wafer 807 is held by the upper electrode (energy wave irradiating means) 806 with the one wall 803 of the chamber raised.
- a force electrostatic chuck method is desirable.
- the lower wafer 808 is held by the lower electrode (energy wave irradiation means) 809.
- one chamber wall 803 is lowered, and one chamber 810 is grounded via a fixed packing 805. Since the wall 803 of the chamber is isolated from the atmosphere by the sliding packing 804, the exhaust valve 814 is opened with the suction valve 813 closed, and the vacuum inside the chamber 1 is reduced by evacuating with the vacuum pump 815. Can enhance it can.
- the inside of the chamber is filled with a reaction gas composed of Ar.
- the vacuum pump 815 can be filled with the reaction gas while maintaining a constant degree of vacuum, which controls the discharge amount of the discharge valve 814 and the gas suction amount of the suction valve 813 while operating.
- (D), (e), the in the present embodiment first be filled with Ar gas, to voltage application pressure to the plasma generation by the alternating power supply to the lower electrode 809 at a vacuum degree of about 10- 2 TORR To generate plasma, and etch and clean the surface of the lower wafer 808 with Ar plasma. Subsequently, a voltage from a similar alternating power supply is applied to the upper electrode 806 to etch and clean the upper wafer with Ar plasma.
- the inside of the chamber is evacuated to discharge Ar.
- vacuuming is performed while heating both electrodes to about 100 ° C to discharge Ar adhered to the surface or implanted into the member.
- the gas is replaced with the filling gas.
- the piston-type head 802 is lowered by the Z-axis 801 while the one wall 803 of the chamber and the Z-axis 801 are in contact with each other with the sliding packing 4 in a vacuum or a sealed gas. Then, both wafers are brought into contact with each other in a vacuum or in a sealed gas, and are bonded by pressing.
- the inside of the chamber is shielded from the external atmosphere by a sliding packing 804 between the wall 803 of the chamber and the Z axis 801, and the piston-type head can be lowered while being held in vacuum or sealed gas. Also, in some cases, the strength is increased by heating to about 180 ° C by heaters charged to both electrodes at the same time.
- the atmosphere is supplied to the inside of the chamber 1 and the pressure is returned to the atmospheric pressure, the head portion is raised, and both bonded wafers are taken out.
- the gas switching valve 816 can select and supply Ar and the atmosphere gas. First, after selecting and filling Ar, the suction valve 803 is closed and the inside of the chamber is evacuated to discharge the Ar. After that, the gas is switched to atmospheric gas by the gas switching valve 816, and the suction valve 813 is opened to open the inside of the chamber. Can be filled with air and released to the atmosphere when the chamber is opened.
- Figure 22 shows how to make the alignment before evacuation.
- the upper wafer 807 has two alignment marks 823 for alignment, and the lower wafer 8 08 has a lower mark 824 for alignment at two similar locations.
- the two field of view recognition means 825 splits the upper and lower mark images by the prism 826 and separates and reads the upper mark recognition means 827 and the lower mark recognition means 828.
- the two-view recognition means 825 is moved by a table having an XY axis and possibly a Z axis, and can read a mark at an arbitrary position. Thereafter, the position of the lower wafer 808 is corrected and moved to the position of the upper wafer 807 by the alignment table 820. After the movement, it is also possible to insert the two-view recognition means 825 again and make corrections repeatedly to increase the accuracy.
- Fig. 23 shows a method that can be aligned even before joining after vacuum evacuation.
- the upper wafer 807 has two upper marks 823 for alignment
- the lower wafer 808 has two lower marks 824 for alignment.
- the upper and lower marks are shaped so that they can be recognized in the same field even if they overlap.
- the two wafers after the plasma treatment are brought close to each other, transmitted through the mark reading transmission part 819 and the glass window 821, and transmitted through the lower wafer by the IR recognition means 822 to simultaneously recognize the upper and lower alignment marks made of metal. To read the position. If the depth of focus does not match, the IR recognition means 822 may be moved up and down to read.
- the IR recognizing means 822 is moved by a table having the XY axis and possibly the Z axis, and corrects the position of the lower wafer 808 to the position of the upper wafer 807 by an arbitrary 820. After the movement, the correction can be repeated by the IR recognizing means 22 again to improve the accuracy.
- the sealed gas is made of gold and does not corrode even if it is not an inert gas by making the bonding portion gold, it does not affect the bonding. Therefore, a gas other than an inert gas can be applied in the present embodiment.
- Etching with Ar plasma is preferable in terms of efficiency, but etching with another gas such as nitrogen or oxygen may be performed.
- the path of the IR light source in the mark reading transmission part 819, the glass window 821, the space between the alignment tables, and the like is not limited to space or glass. Instead, it may be made of a material that transmits IR light. In addition, not only the reflected light but also the transmitted light using a light source on the opposite side of the IR recognition means.
- an elastic material may be provided on the surface of at least one of the workpiece holding means (head or stage), and the two workpieces may be pressurized via the elastic material when the workpieces are joined.
- the parallelism between the workpieces can be equalized.
- the flatness can be adjusted if the object is thin.
- a workpiece holding means is held on the stage and the Z or the head by a spherical bearing, and at the time of or before the bonding of the workpieces, the workpieces are brought into contact with each other and pressurized to at least one of the workpieces.
- the bonding apparatus has a configuration in which the processes from the surface activation processing (cleaning) of the object to be bonded to the bonding of the object to be bonded can be performed as a batch process.
- the surface activation device for performing the dani process and the bonding device when the bonding is performed may be separated.
- the chamber 1 is closed with the wafer to be bonded held upside down, processed by Ar plasma and oxygen plasma in a vacuum, and then bonded, and in some cases, the strength is increased by heating.
- the apparatus configuration is divided into a head section that holds the upper wafer 537 and controls elevation and pressurization by the Z axis 531, and a stage section that holds the lower wafer 538 and, in some cases, aligns the wafer.
- a pressure detecting means is incorporated in the Z-axis 531 to perform the pressure control by feeding back to the torque control of the Z-axis servomotor.
- the chamber wall 533 that can be moved up and down by the actuator is lowered, and the chamber 540 is evacuated while being grounded via the fixed packing 535, and the reaction gas is introduced to perform plasma processing (surface activation processing).
- the head unit descends to join both wafers.
- the upper electrode 536 and the lower electrode 539 are also provided with a heater, and can be heated at the time of joining. Thereafter, the atmosphere is supplied to the inside of the chamber 1 to return the pressure to the atmospheric pressure, the head portion is raised, and both bonded wafers are taken out. In some cases, it is possible to align the positions of both wafers before bonding.
- the lower electrode (workpiece holding means) 539 is held by a copying mechanism (spherical bearing) 550, and the wafers are contact-pressed with each other at the time of or before the wafers are joined, and the upper electrode 536
- the configuration is such that the inclination of the lower wafer 538 is adjusted to the inclination of the upper wafer 537. With such a configuration, the wafers (workpieces) can be joined together with the same degree of parallelism (see Fig. 29).
- the copying mechanism 550 has a lock mechanism for selecting the lock Z-free, and may be configured to be normally locked and free only when copying is performed.
- the copying mechanism 550 is locked, the state is maintained, force plasma processing (energy wave processing) is performed, the wafers are aligned, and the wafers can be joined. Since the alignment is performed in the state where there is a gap, it is possible to join the wafers without displacement when joining the wafers.
- the objects to be joined are joined in the air after plasma washing (surface activation treatment) in a vacuum.
- At least one of the workpieces is carried into the cleaning chamber, and the cleaned workpieces are connected to each other by a transporting means for transporting the workpieces to the bonding portion.
- the objects to be bonded having gold or copper strength can be individually surface-activated by previously performing a plasma treatment in a vacuum chamber, and can be taken out into the atmosphere and bonded.
- the objects to be welded after washing are connected to each other by a transporting means that carries them out to the joints.
- the cleaning time can be reduced in parallel because the cleaning time can be processed in parallel.
- the recognition means 663 for the upper and lower two visual fields may be inserted between both the objects to be joined, and the head or stage side may be corrected and moved in the horizontal and rotational directions.
- the recognition means 663 for the two visual fields, upper and lower can be moved to an arbitrary position by the recognition means moving table to measure the position.
- an electrostatic chuck system is preferable, but a mechanical chucking system may be used.
- FIG. 9 an eleventh embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
- an example will be described as an apparatus for bonding an upper wafer as a first workpiece and a lower wafer as a second workpiece.
- the device configuration will be described.
- a head 907 for holding an upper wafer and a stage 908 for holding a lower wafer are arranged in a vacuum chamber 911, and the head is a Z-axis elevating mechanism (vertical driving mechanism) to which a torque-controlled elevating drive motor 901 is connected.
- 902 and Z-axis elevating mechanism The ⁇ -axis mechanism that rotates the 902 and the XY alignment table 906 that moves the head to the XY horizontal direction.
- the X-, ⁇ -, and ⁇ -direction alignment moving means and the ⁇ -direction elevating means force are also increased. Become.
- the stage 908 can be slid by the slide moving means 929 between the joining position and the standby position.
- the slide moving means has a highly accurate guide and a linear scale that recognizes the position.
- the stop position between the joining position and the standby position can be maintained with high precision.
- the moving means is built in the vacuum chamber, but the moving means is arranged outside, and cylinders and linear servomotors are arranged outside by connecting them with knocked connecting rods. It is possible. It is also possible to arrange a ball screw in a vacuum and install a servo motor outside.
- the means of transportation was a powerful means of transportation.
- the means for holding the workpiece to the head and the stage may be a mechanical chucking method, but it is preferable to provide an electrostatic chuck. It has a heater for heating and also serves as a plasma electrode (energy wave irradiation means), and has three functions of holding means, heating means and plasma generation means.
- a vacuum pump 917 is connected to an exhaust pipe 915, and the exhaust valve 916 performs opening / closing and flow rate adjustment so that the degree of vacuum can be adjusted.
- an intake gas switching valve 920 is connected to an intake pipe 918, and opening and closing and flow rate adjustment are performed by the intake valve 919.
- the suction gas two types of plasma reaction gases can be connected, for example, Ar and oxygen can be connected. The other is connected to the atmosphere or nitrogen for release to the atmosphere.
- the degree of vacuum and the reaction gas concentration can be adjusted to optimal values by adjusting the flow rate including opening and closing the intake valve 919 and the exhaust valve 916.
- automatic feed knocking can be performed by installing a vacuum pressure sensor in the vacuum chamber.
- the alignment mark recognizing means which also provides the optical power for the alignment, is arranged above the force stage standby position and below the head outside the vacuum chamber.
- the number of recognizing means is at least the stage.
- the alignment mark has a shape that can read the ⁇ direction component and one field of view. By arranging them inside the scanner, one recognition unit can be used for sufficient reading.
- a large object in the radial direction such as a wafer, can be more accurately arranged in two directions at both ends. This is preferable because reading can be performed at a high level.
- the recognition means may be provided with means capable of moving in the horizontal direction or the focus direction so that the alignment mark at an arbitrary position can be read.
- the recognition means is, for example, a camera power with an optical lens of visible light or IR (infrared) light power.
- Approved for vacuum chamber A window, which is made of a material that can be transmitted by the optical system of the identification means, for example, a glass color, is disposed, and is transmitted therethrough to recognize the alignment mark of the workpiece in the vacuum chamber.
- Alignment marks are formed on the surface of the workpiece, for example, on the opposing surfaces of the upper wafer and the lower wafer; ⁇ ! It is preferable that the alignment mark has a specific shape. A part of the circuit pattern or the like provided on the wafer may be used. If there is no mark, an outer shape such as an orientation flat can be used.
- Both alignment marks on the upper and lower wafers are read at the stage standby position, the stage is moved to the bonding position, and the head is moved in the X, ⁇ , and ⁇ directions.
- the relative movement distance vector between the standby position and the joining position of the stage needs to be accurate so that the same result is repeatedly obtained. For this reason, a guide with high repeatability is used for the guide, and a linear scale that reads position recognition on both sides with high precision is arranged.
- a method of increasing the stop position accuracy by feeding back the linear scale to the moving means can be easily achieved by reading the data at both stop positions and correcting the excess or undershoot in consideration of the movement of the head-side alignment moving means.
- fine alignment is performed at the nano level with high accuracy, after performing coarse positioning, the upper and lower wafers are brought into close proximity of several
- the alignment marks on both wafers can be recognized simultaneously by passing through the stage from the bottom and re-evaluating X, ⁇ , ⁇ ⁇ Direction hair alignment is possible.
- the recognizing means has a moving means in the focal direction, the recognizing can be performed separately in the upper and lower directions.
- the upper wafer and the lower wafer are held on the stage and the head with the front door of the vacuum chamber opened. This may be done manually or automatically loaded from the cassette.
- the front door is closed, and the pressure inside the vacuum chamber is reduced. It is preferable to reduce the pressure below 10- 3 TORR to remove impurities.
- a plasma reaction gas for example Ar
- the plasma generating voltage is applied to the plasma electrode at a constant vacuum level of, for example, about 10- 2 TORR, plasma generate.
- the generated plasma ions collide with the surface of the wafer held by the electrode on the side to which the power is connected and collide with the surface of the wafer, so that deposits such as an oxide film and an organic material layer on the surface are etched.
- Surface activation It is also possible to clean both wafers simultaneously by switching one matching box. Also, after cleaning or is preferably reduced to below 10- 3 TORR to remove reactive gases and the etching products during washing. Heating to about 100-200 ° C can also be used to remove Ar implanted on the joint surface.
- the alignment marks on the upper and lower wafers are read in vacuum by the respective recognition means on the head side and the stage side to recognize the position.
- the stage slides to the joining position.
- the relative movement between the recognized stand-by position and the joint position that has been slid is performed with high precision using a linear scale. If nano-level precision is required, add the process shown in 7. After rough positioning, with the upper and lower wafers close to each other by about several meters, use visible light and IR combined recognition means for the head side recognition means, and transmit through the perforation hole at the alignment mark position of the stage.
- the alignment marks on both wafers can be transmitted through the stage from below and simultaneously recognized by infrared transmission, and hair alignment in the X, ⁇ , and ⁇ directions can be performed again. In this case, it is possible to improve accuracy by repeating the alignment.
- the ⁇ direction is affected by misalignment, after entering within a certain range, the accuracy is improved to the nano level by performing only ⁇ ⁇ direction alignment. Can be improved. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 32 (h), the head is lowered, the two wafers are brought into contact, and the pressure is switched from position control to pressure control.
- the value of the pressure detecting means is fed back to the torque control type elevating drive motor and the pressure is controlled to the set pressure.
- heating is applied as necessary when joining. After contact at room temperature, the temperature can be raised to maintain the accuracy while heating. Subsequently, as shown in (i), the head side holding means is released, and the head is raised. Subsequently, as shown in (j), the stage is returned to the standby position, and the inside of the vacuum chamber is opened to the atmosphere. Subsequently, as shown in (k), the front door is opened and the joined upper and lower wafers are taken out. It is preferable to manually unload the cassette, but it is preferable that the cassette is unloaded.
- a metal electrode is disposed on the facing surface of at least one of the workpieces, and a metal film made of a metal constituting an electrode is formed on the bonding surface of the workpiece by sputtering.
- the objects to be joined can be joined together. Since the plasma can be generated by moving the article to be joined and the joining surface of the article not facing, the metal to be sputtered is arranged on the facing surface of the joining surface (joining portion).
- the metal is sputtered on the surface (bonding surface) of the object to be bonded, and a metal thin film made of the metal is formed. Further, different metals to be sputtered may be used on the head side and the stage side.
- an elastic material may be disposed on the surface of at least one of the objects-to-be-joined holding means, and both objects to be joined may be pressurized via the elastic material when the objects to be joined are joined.
- a configuration may be adopted in which the workpiece holding means is held on the stage and Z or the head by a spherical bearing. According to such a configuration, at the time of joining the objects to be joined, or before the joining, the objects to be joined are contact-pressed with each other, so that at least one of the objects can be inclined to the other. For this reason, it is possible to join the objects to be joined while adjusting the parallelism.
- the bonding surfaces of the objects to be bonded are surface activated and bonded by the plasma treatment.
- the solid-state joining can be performed at a heating temperature of 180 ° C or less, which is 183 ° C or less, which is the melting temperature of the conventional tin-lead solder, at the time of joining between the joined objects. Also, it is possible to perform the process at a temperature of 100 ° C. or lower, and it is also possible to perform the process at room temperature.
- the head 907 is composed of a horn holding portion, a horn, and a vibrator. Vibration from the vibrator is transmitted to the horn, and the ultrasonic vibration is transmitted to the horn. It is transmitted to the object to be held.
- the horn holding portion also serves as a means for holding the horn and the vibrator so as not to kill the vibration. Since the transmissivity at this time is determined by the friction coefficient and the pressure between the horn and the workpiece, it is preferable to control the pressing force in proportion to the welding area as welding progresses.
- the vibration frequency need not be particularly in the ultrasonic range. Especially in the case of longitudinal vibration type, it is effective even at low frequency.
- a wafer is raised as an object to be bonded, but a chip and a substrate may be used.
- the objects to be bonded are not limited to wafers, chips, and substrates, and may be of any form.
- an electrostatic chuck method is desired, but a method of mechanically chucking may be used.
- the head has the alignment moving means and the elevating shaft, and has the stage-side force slide shaft.
- the alignment moving means, the elevating shaft, and the slide shaft are different on the head side and the stage side. May be combined, or may overlap. Further, even if the head and the stage are not arranged up and down, they do not depend on the arrangement direction such as left and right arrangement or oblique.
- the matching box that automatically adjusts the plasma power can be used to switch the electrodes and clean the head side and stage side sequentially without using a separate matching box. By doing so, compactness and cost reduction can be achieved.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes other than those described above can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
- the processes from the surface activation treatment (cleaning) to the joining of the article to the joining of the article to be joined are executed as a batch process using the same apparatus.
- the surface activation treatment of the article and the joining processing of joining the article may be performed by different apparatuses.
- an elastic material is arranged on the surface of at least one of the workpiece holding means (head or stage), and when the workpieces are joined, the two workpieces are added via the elastic material. You can press it. With such a configuration, the parallelism between the objects to be joined can be made equal. In addition, the flatness of a thin object can be adjusted.
- the workpiece holding means is held on the stage and the Z or the head by a spherical bearing, and the workpieces are contacted and pressurized at the time of or before the workpieces are joined.
- the structure may be such that at least one of the workpieces can be adjusted to the other. With such a configuration, bonding can be performed with parallelism (see Fig. 29).
- a horn, a horn holding portion, and an ultrasonic vibration head having a vibrator force are provided, and an ultrasonic vibration having an amplitude force of 2 m or less is applied to the object to be bonded at a time of 150 mPa or less during the bonding in the atmosphere.
- a method and a bonding apparatus for performing metal bonding in a solid layer with a load of 180 ° C. or less may be used.
- ultrasonic vibration is applied at the time of joining in the air, joining becomes easier. already Surface activated! Therefore, an ultrasonic energy of 2 m or less, which is small enough to suppress good damage and misalignment, is sufficient. It is more preferable that the distance is 1 m or less.
- the joining load can be reduced by half or less to 150 MPa or less.
- they cannot be joined unless they are crushed with a high pressure of about 300 MPa at room temperature. If these bumps are on the surface of a semiconductor circuit, generally, if the bumps are above 200 MPa, some circuits will be damaged.
- the experimental conditions were as follows: A semiconductor chip using a gold bump with a height of 20 ⁇ m, a bump height of 1 ⁇ m, and a bump of 1 ⁇ m was formed on a gold thin film substrate using a 50 ⁇ m square as a metal projection on a semiconductor chip.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made to the above-described ones without departing from the gist of the present invention. It is widely applicable to MEMS devices, and is particularly suitable for MEMS devices.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/586,690 US7784670B2 (en) | 2004-01-22 | 2005-01-21 | Joining method and device produced by this method and joining unit |
| US12/819,442 US8091764B2 (en) | 2004-01-22 | 2010-06-21 | Joining method and device produced by this method and joining unit |
| US13/297,349 US8651363B2 (en) | 2004-01-22 | 2011-11-16 | Joining method and device produced by this method and joining unit |
Applications Claiming Priority (12)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004-014659 | 2004-01-22 | ||
| JP2004-014660 | 2004-01-22 | ||
| JP2004014660 | 2004-01-22 | ||
| JP2004014659 | 2004-01-22 | ||
| JP2004037670 | 2004-02-16 | ||
| JP2004-037670 | 2004-02-16 | ||
| JP2004-084935 | 2004-03-23 | ||
| JP2004084935 | 2004-03-23 | ||
| JP2004084936 | 2004-03-23 | ||
| JP2004-084936 | 2004-03-23 | ||
| JP2005-013920 | 2005-01-21 | ||
| JP2005013920A JP3790995B2 (ja) | 2004-01-22 | 2005-01-21 | 接合方法及びこの方法により作成されるデバイス並びに接合装置 |
Related Child Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/586,690 A-371-Of-International US7784670B2 (en) | 2004-01-22 | 2005-01-21 | Joining method and device produced by this method and joining unit |
| US12/819,442 Division US8091764B2 (en) | 2004-01-22 | 2010-06-21 | Joining method and device produced by this method and joining unit |
| US12/819,442 Continuation US8091764B2 (en) | 2004-01-22 | 2010-06-21 | Joining method and device produced by this method and joining unit |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005071735A1 true WO2005071735A1 (ja) | 2005-08-04 |
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| PCT/JP2005/000788 Ceased WO2005071735A1 (ja) | 2004-01-22 | 2005-01-21 | 接合方法及びこの方法により作成されるデバイス並びに接合装置 |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
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| US (3) | US7784670B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP3790995B2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2005071735A1 (ja) |
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| EP2279521A4 (en) * | 2008-04-02 | 2013-01-02 | Suss Microtec Lithography Gmbh | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR ORIENTING SEMICONDUCTOR WAFERS |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US8651363B2 (en) | 2014-02-18 |
| US20080245843A1 (en) | 2008-10-09 |
| US20120104076A1 (en) | 2012-05-03 |
| US8091764B2 (en) | 2012-01-10 |
| US7784670B2 (en) | 2010-08-31 |
| JP3790995B2 (ja) | 2006-06-28 |
| JP2005311298A (ja) | 2005-11-04 |
| US20100252615A1 (en) | 2010-10-07 |
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