WO2005055345A1 - 二次電池用電極及びその製造方法並びに二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池用電極及びその製造方法並びに二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005055345A1 WO2005055345A1 PCT/JP2004/017352 JP2004017352W WO2005055345A1 WO 2005055345 A1 WO2005055345 A1 WO 2005055345A1 JP 2004017352 W JP2004017352 W JP 2004017352W WO 2005055345 A1 WO2005055345 A1 WO 2005055345A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
- H01M4/045—Electrochemical coating; Electrochemical impregnation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/24—Electrodes for alkaline accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- Electrode for secondary battery method for manufacturing the same, and secondary battery
- the present invention relates to an electrode for a secondary battery, and more particularly, to an electrode capable of obtaining a battery with high current density and high output and high energy density.
- the present invention relates to an electrode capable of obtaining a secondary battery in which the active material is prevented from falling off and the life of the site is improved. Further, the present invention relates to a method for producing the electrode and a secondary battery using the electrode.
- a current collector made of a conventional metal foil or the like is coated on one or both sides with a paste containing active material particles such as a hydrogen storage alloy (hereinafter referred to as a current collector). Body-use electrodes). Also, the active material particles are filled into the pores of the metal foam, and the material is pressed and hot-pressed or sintered in a vacuum (see Patent Document 1). It is also known that particles are filled and the whole is plated with an alloy of nickel and chromium or an alloy of nickel and zinc (hereinafter referred to as a foam-type electrode) (see Patent Documents 2 and 3).
- the current collector type electrode can be expected to have high output, since the current collector is relatively thick, such as 10 to 100 m, the ratio of the active material to the entire electrode is low and the energy density is low. Is not easy to increase. In the case where the specific surface area of the active material is increased by reducing the particle diameter of the active material in order to increase the output, there is a problem in that the oxidization and corrosion are likely to occur. In addition, it is not easy for the active material to fall off or to have a long cycle life due to expansion and Z or contraction due to the electrode reaction. On the other hand, although the foam-type electrode can be expected to have high energy density, it is not easy to increase the output.
- the foam-type electrode has a thickness of about lmm, there are problems in terms of electrode flexibility and miniaturization of the battery.
- a metal element that forms an alloy with lithium and a metal element that does not form an alloy with lithium Do not form an alloy with lithium at the surface that contacts the electrolyte of the negative electrode and the surface facing the positive electrode and that connects to the output terminal, and has a high content of metal elements.
- a negative electrode has been proposed (see Patent Document 4). According to this negative electrode, even if the metal element that forms an alloy with lithium due to charge and discharge is finely divided, the conductivity is maintained through a metal that does not form an alloy with lithium.
- Patent Document 4 discloses, as a specific structure of a negative electrode, a powdery member containing a metal element that forms an alloy with lithium, by using a binder to form a metal that does not form an alloy with lithium.
- a structure bonded to the current collector and a structure fired from it have been proposed. It has also been proposed to arrange a metal element without forming an alloy with lithium on a layer containing a metal element that forms alloy with lithium. Metal elements that do not form an alloy with lithium are formed, for example, by plating.
- the negative electrode described in Patent Document 4 cannot sufficiently reduce a volume change caused by expansion and contraction of the active material due to charge and discharge, and causes significant deformation of the negative electrode.
- the active material expands and contracts and is finely ground, it cannot be effectively prevented from falling off. Therefore, it is not easy to improve the cycle characteristics of the negative electrode.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-62-20244
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-6-140034
- Patent Document 3 JP-A-6-231760
- Patent Document 4 JP-A-8-50922
- an object of the present invention is to provide an electrode for a secondary battery, a method for manufacturing the same, and a secondary battery that can solve the above-mentioned various disadvantages of the related art.
- the present invention includes a pair of front and back surfaces that are in contact with an electrolytic solution and have conductivity, have an active material layer containing active material particles between the surfaces, and have a thick-film conductor for current collection.
- the object has been achieved by providing an electrode for a secondary battery, which is not characterized by the following.
- an active material layer is formed by directly applying a conductive slurry containing particles of an active material on the release layer of a carrier foil having a release layer on one surface,
- the carrier foil having the active material layer formed thereon is immersed in a plating bath containing a metal material. Performing electroplating to form an electrode including the active material layer,
- the present invention provides a method of manufacturing an electrode for a secondary battery, which comprises separating the electrode from the carrier foil at the portion of the release layer.
- the present invention also includes a pair of front and back surfaces that are in contact with the electrolytic solution and have conductivity, an active material layer including particles of the active material is provided between the surfaces, and a conductive foil is provided at the center in the thickness direction.
- An electrode for a secondary battery having
- An object of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery electrode, wherein the active material layer is formed on each surface of a conductive foil.
- the present invention provides a secondary battery comprising the electrode as a positive electrode or a negative electrode.
- FIG. 1 is an enlarged schematic view showing a main part of an embodiment of an electrode of the present invention.
- 2 (a) to 2 (d) are process diagrams showing an example of a method for manufacturing the electrode shown in FIG. 1.
- FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (f) are process diagrams showing another example of the method for manufacturing the electrode shown in FIG. 1.
- [4] A state in which a surface layer and fine voids are formed It is a schematic diagram.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view showing a main part of another embodiment of the electrode of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a modification of the electrode of the embodiment shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7 (a) to FIG. 7 (c) are step diagrams showing an example of a method for manufacturing the electrode shown in FIG.
- FIG. 8 is an electron micrograph showing a cross-sectional structure of the negative electrode obtained in Example 2.
- FIG. 9 is an electron micrograph showing a surface state of a current collecting surface layer on a side of the negative electrode obtained in Example 2 which is in contact with a carrier foil.
- FIG. 10 is an electron micrograph showing a cross-sectional structure of the negative electrode obtained in Example 3.
- FIG. 11 is an electron micrograph showing a cross-sectional structure of the negative electrode obtained in Example 4.
- FIG. 1 is an enlarged schematic view of a main part of an embodiment of the electrode of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 only one side of the electrode is shown and the other side is shown! However, the structure of the other side is almost the same! /
- the electrode 10 of the present embodiment has a first surface 1 and a second surface (not shown), which are a pair of front and back surfaces that are in contact with the electrolytic solution.
- the electrode 10 has an active material layer 3 containing active material particles 2 between both surfaces.
- the active material layer 3 is continuously covered with a pair of current collecting surface layers 4 (one current collecting surface layer is not shown) 4 formed on each surface of the layer 3.
- Each surface layer 4 includes a first surface 1 and a second surface.
- the electrode 10 has a thick current collector for current collection (for example, metal foil ⁇ expanded metal) called a current collector used for conventional electrodes! / ,.
- the current collecting surface layer 4 has a current collecting function in the electrode 10 of the present embodiment.
- the surface layer 4 is also used to prevent the active material contained in the active material layer 3 from dropping due to expansion and Z or contraction due to charge and discharge.
- the surface layer 4 is also composed of a metal force that can serve as a current collector for the secondary battery.
- a metal an inactive or low-active metal is used for charge and discharge, and an appropriate metal is appropriately selected according to the type of battery and the type of active material. Such choices are within the skill of one of ordinary skill in the art and need not be described herein. Examples include Cu, Ni, Fe, Co, and alloys thereof. Cr may be added to improve the corrosion resistance.
- the two surface layers may have the same or different components! /.
- the constituent material of the surface layer is preferably an element having a low ability to form a lithium compound.
- examples of such elements include the above-mentioned elements.
- the expression "the ability to form a lithium compound is low" means that an intermetallic compound or a solid solution is not formed with lithium, or even if it is formed, the amount of lithium is a very small force or very unstable.
- Each surface layer 4 preferably has a smaller thickness than a thick current collector for current collection used in a conventional electrode. Specifically, about 0.3-20 / zm, especially about 0.3-10 / zm Preferably, it is preferably a thin layer of about 0.5-5 / zm. Thereby, the active material layer 3 can be coated almost uniformly and continuously with a minimum thickness. As a result, it is possible to prevent the particles 2 of the active material from falling off. In addition, by using such a thin layer and having a thick-film conductor for current collection, the ratio of the active material to the entire electrode becomes relatively high, and the unit weight and the unit weight are increased. Per unit energy density can be increased.
- the surface layer 4 in the above range is preferably formed by electrolytic plating as described later.
- the two surface layers 4 may have the same thickness or different thicknesses.
- the two surface layers 4 include the first surface 1 and the second surface, respectively.
- the first surface 1 and the second surface are surfaces in contact with the electrolyte.
- a thick-film conductor for current collection in a conventional electrode does not come into contact with the electrolyte when an active material layer is formed on both surfaces, and an active material layer is formed on one surface.
- the electrode 10 of the present embodiment does not have the thick-film conductor for current collection used in the conventional electrode, and the layer located on the outermost surface of the electrode, that is, the surface layer 4 does not allow passage of the electrolyte. In addition to being involved, it also has the function of collecting electricity and the function of preventing active material from falling off.
- each of the surface layers 4 including the first surface 1 and the second surface has a current collecting function, when the electrode 10 of the present embodiment is incorporated in a battery, If a lead wire for extracting current can be connected to the surface layer 4, there is an advantage.
- the electrode 10 has a large number of fine voids 5 that are open on at least one of the first surface 1 and the second surface and communicate with the active material layer 3.
- the minute voids 5 are present in the surface layer 4 so as to extend at least in the thickness direction of one of the current collecting surface layers 4.
- the formation of the fine voids 5 allows the electrolytic solution to sufficiently penetrate into the active material layer 3 and sufficiently reacts with the active material particles 2.
- the fine voids 5 have a width of about 0.1 to 100 m when the cross section of the surface layer 4 is observed. However, in order to more effectively suppress the falling of the active material, 0.1 to 10 / zm It is preferable that the size is as fine as possible.
- the fine voids 5 have a width that allows the electrolyte to penetrate.
- the electrolyte When a non-aqueous electrolyte is used, since the non-aqueous electrolyte has a smaller surface tension than an aqueous electrolyte, it can sufficiently penetrate even if the width of the fine voids 5 is small.
- the fine voids 5 are preferably formed at the same time when the surface layer 4 is formed by electroplating.
- the average pore area of the fine voids 5 formed on at least one surface is preferably 0.1-100 / It is about zm 2 , and more preferably about 110 / zm 2 .
- the opening area is set in this range, it is possible to effectively prevent the particles 2 of the active material from falling off while ensuring sufficient permeation of the electrolyte.
- the initial stage charge / discharge capacity of charge / discharge can be increased.
- the average opening area is 5 to 70%, particularly 10 to 40% of the maximum cross-sectional area of the active material particles 2. preferable.
- the opening of the minute gap 5 with respect to the area of the observation field of view is preferably 2 to 20%, and more preferably 5 to 10%.
- the reason for this is the same as the reason why the opening area of the fine voids 5 is within the above range.
- any observation field of view is taken. It is preferable that 1 to 20000, especially 100 to 2000, microvoids 5 exist in the lcm X lcm square field of view (this value is referred to as the distribution rate! /).
- the reaction in the electrode 10 occurs mainly on the surface facing the counter electrode, it is sufficient that the fine void 5 is formed in at least one of the pair of surface layers 4 and 4.
- a separator and a counter electrode are often arranged on both sides of the electrode.
- the electrode 10 of this embodiment is applied to such a battery, it is preferable to form the fine voids 5 in both the pair of surface layers 4 and 4.
- an electrode 10 is used in which a fine void is formed only in one surface layer of the pair of surface layers 4, 4, one set of such electrodes 10 is prepared.
- the same effect as the electrode 10 in which the fine voids 5 are formed in both the pair of surface layers 4 and 4 can be obtained by using the surface layer on the side where the fine voids are not formed facing each other and overlapping. it can.
- the active material layer 3 located between the first surface 1 and the second surface includes particles 2 of the active material .
- the active material that can be used in the present embodiment widely includes those used as a positive electrode or a negative electrode of a secondary battery. A specific example will be described later. Since the active material layer 3 is covered with the two surface layers 4, the active material is effectively prevented from dropping due to expansion and Z or contraction due to charge and discharge. Since the active material particles 2 can come into contact with the electrolytic solution through the fine voids 5, the electrode reaction is not hindered.
- the maximum particle size of the active material particles 2 is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 70 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size of particle 2 is represented by the D value
- the maximum particle size is more than 100 m, particles 2 are likely to fall off and the life of the electrode may be shortened.
- the lower limit of particle 2 is about 0.01 ⁇ m.
- the active material can be reduced in particle size, and as a result, the output can be easily increased.
- a conventional electrode using a hydrogen storage alloy as an active material has a particle size of about 20 ⁇ m.
- an electrode having a small particle size of about 5 ⁇ m can be used. It is.
- the particle size of the particles 2 is measured by a laser diffraction scattering method and observation with an electron microscope.
- the amount of the active material relative to the entire electrode is too small, the energy density of the battery is not sufficiently improved, whereas when it is too large, the active material tends to fall off.
- the amount of the active material is preferably 10 to 90% by weight, more preferably 20 to 80% by weight, and still more preferably 40 to 80% by weight based on the whole electrode.
- the thickness of the active material layer 3 can be appropriately adjusted according to the ratio of the amount of the active material to the entire electrode and the particle size of the active material, and is not particularly critical in the present embodiment. It is about 200 / ⁇ , especially 10-100 / zm.
- the active material layer 3 is preferably formed by applying a conductive slurry containing the active material particles 2 as described later.
- the thickness of the entire electrode including the surface layer 4 and the active material layer 3 is determined to be 1/500 / ⁇ , particularly 1/250 / ⁇ , especially 10 ⁇ 10, in consideration of increasing the strength and energy density of the electrode. It is preferably about 150 m.
- a conductive material penetrates between particles contained in the layer. It is preferable. It is preferable that the conductive material penetrates the entire active material layer 3 in the thickness direction. It is preferable that the active material particles exist in the permeated conductive material. That is, it is preferable that the particles of the active material are not substantially exposed to the surface of the electrode 10 but are embedded in the surface layer 4. As a result, the adhesion between the active material layer 3 and the surface layer 4 is strengthened, and the fall of the active material is further prevented. In addition, since the conductive material penetrated into the active material layer 3 ensures electron conductivity between the surface layer 4 and the active material, an electrically isolated active material is generated.
- the electrode of the present embodiment is a conventional electrode (for example, a prior art electrode) in which active material particles are supported in a metal foam and both surfaces of the foam are subjected to electrolytic plating. This is completely different from the electrode described in Patent Documents 2 and 3 described above.
- the same material as the constituent material of the surface layer 4 can be used, and a metal material is particularly preferable.
- the conductive material may be the same type of material as the material constituting the surface layer 4 or a different type of material.
- the constituent material of each of the surface layers 4 and 4 may be the same as the conductive material penetrating into the active material layer 3. In this case, since each material is the same, there is an advantage that the manufacturing method described later does not become complicated.
- the constituent material of at least one surface layer (port) may be different from the conductive material penetrating into the active material layer 3.
- the constituent material of each of the surface layers 4 and 4 may be different from the conductive material penetrating into the active material layer 3.
- the constituent materials of the surface layers 4 and 4 may be the same or different or different. That is, (i) the constituent materials of the respective surface layers 4 and 4 are the same, and the constituent materials are different from the conductive material penetrating into the active material layer 3; In some cases, the constituent materials are different, and each of the constituent materials may be different from the conductive material penetrating into the active material layer 3.
- the electrode of the present embodiment is a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the conductive material penetrating into the active material layer 3 is preferably a material having a low ability to form a lithium compound, specifically, Cu, Ni, Fe, Co or Metal materials such as alloys of these metals are preferred.
- the conductive material penetrating into the active material layer 3 penetrates the active material layer 3 in its thickness direction and is connected to both surface layers 4.
- the two surface layers 4 are electrically conducted through the above-mentioned material, and the electron conductivity of the entire electrode is further increased. That is, the electrode 10 of the present embodiment has a current collecting function as a whole with the entire electrode. It can be confirmed by electron microscope mapping that the material constituting the current collecting surface layer 4 permeates over the entire area of the active material layer in the thickness direction to connect the two surface layers. . A preferred method for permeating the conductive material into the active material layer will be described later.
- the ratio of the voids 6 in the active material layer 3 is preferably about 110 to 30% by volume, particularly preferably about 3 to 9% by volume.
- the ratio of the voids 6 can be determined by electron microscope mapping.
- the active material layer 3 is formed by applying and drying a conductive slurry containing the active material particles 2, the voids 6 are naturally formed in the active material layer 3. Therefore, in order to keep the ratio of the voids 6 in the above range, for example, the particle size of the particles 2 of the active material, the composition of the conductive slurry, and the conditions for applying the slurry may be appropriately selected. Alternatively, after the slurry is applied and dried to form the active material layer 3, the ratio of the voids 6 may be adjusted by press working under appropriate conditions.
- the type of the active material differs depending on whether the electrode 10 is used as a positive electrode or a negative electrode.
- nickel hydroxide, cobalt hydroxide, or the like can be used as an active material.
- various hydrogen storage alloys, cadmium, cadmium oxide, and the like can be used.
- a lithium compound is used as an active material.
- Such elements include silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, aluminum-based materials, and germanium-based materials.
- the electrode 10 of the present embodiment is suitable as an electrode for a secondary battery that is repeatedly charged and discharged.
- it is suitable as an electrode for a nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) secondary battery in which the active material significantly expands and contracts.
- Ni-MH nickel-metal hydride
- it is suitable as a negative electrode for a nickel-hydrogen secondary battery. This is because the negative electrode for a nickel-metal hydride secondary battery has a large expansion and contraction V due to the absorption and desorption of hydrogen and uses a hydrogen storage alloy as an active material.
- the negative electrode for nickel-metal hydride rechargeable batteries using a hydrogen storage alloy as an active material has high output, high durability, and high reliability, so it is particularly suitable for batteries for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and power tools. You can.
- the hydrogen storage alloy those similar to those conventionally used as a negative electrode active material for a nickel-hydrogen secondary battery can be used.
- it has a CaCu type crystal structure
- Is selected from Al, Mn, Co, Ti, Cu, Zn, Zr, Cr, and B, and a multi-element alloy in which at least Al, Co and Mn are substituted is included.
- MmNi M a n Al Co (where Mmi represents Mish methanol, 4.0 ⁇ a ⁇ 4.7, 0.3 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.65, 0.b ed
- the lattice has an a-axis length of at least 499 pm and a c-axis length of at least 405 pm.
- the electrode 10 of the present embodiment is also suitable as an electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery.
- it is suitable as a negative electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the negative electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery also uses an active material that greatly expands and contracts during charging and discharging.
- the carrier foil 11 is preferably conductive.
- the carrier foil 11 may not be made of metal as long as it has conductivity!
- the use of the metal carrier foil 11 has an advantage that the carrier foil 11 can be melted and made and recycled after the electrode 10 is manufactured.
- the material of the carrier foil 11 is preferably the same as the material of the surface layer 4 formed by electrolytic plating, which will be described later. Since the carrier foil 11 is used as a support for manufacturing the electrode 10 of the present embodiment, the carrier foil 11 has such a strength that no sticking or the like occurs during the manufacturing process. I prefer that. Therefore, the carrier foil 11 preferably has a thickness of about 10 to 50 m. As mentioned above, an important role of the carrier foil 11 is the support for manufacturing the electrode 10. Therefore, when the strength of the surface layer 4 is sufficient, it is not always necessary to manufacture the electrode 10 using the carrier foil.
- the carrier foil 11 can be manufactured by, for example, electrolysis or rolling. By manufacturing by rolling, the carrier foil 11 having low surface roughness can be obtained. By using the carrier foil 11 having a low surface roughness, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to form a release layer 1 la described later.
- the manufacturing capability of the carrier foil 11 and the manufacturing of the electrode 10 can be performed in-line. Performing in-line is advantageous in terms of stable production of the electrode 10 and reduction of production cost.
- the carrier foil 11 is manufactured by electrolysis, the rotating drum is used as a cathode, and electrolysis is performed in an electrolytic bath containing metal ions such as copper and nickel to deposit metal on the drum peripheral surface. Carrier foil 11 is obtained by peeling the deposited metal around the drum.
- the active material layer 3 can be formed directly on the surface of the carrier foil 11. Further, as shown in FIG. 2A, a release layer 1 la may be formed on one surface of the carrier foil 11, and the active material layer 3 may be formed thereon. By forming the release layer 11a, the release can be performed more successfully. In addition, there is an advantage that the protective effect can be imparted to the carrier foil 11.
- the surface roughness Ra of the carrier foil 11 is 0.01-3 m, especially 0.01-1 l / zm, especially 0.01-1-0.2 m, regardless of the force to form the release layer 1 la. Child That's right.
- the peeling can be performed successfully, and when the peeling layer 1 la is formed, the peeling layer 11 a without unevenness in thickness can be formed.
- the release layer 11a when the release layer 11a is formed, the surface roughness of the carrier foil 11 is reduced by the release layer 11a, so that the surface roughness Ra of the carrier foil 1la may be larger than the above range. Sometimes not.
- the release layer 11a is preferably formed by, for example, chrome plating, nickel plating, lead plating, chromate treatment, or the like. The reason for this is that these treatments form an oxide or acid salt layer on the surface of the release layer 11a, and this layer reduces the adhesiveness between the carrier foil 11 and the electroplating layer described later, and It is also a force that has the function of improving Further, an organic compound can be used as a release agent. In particular, it is preferable to use a nitrogen-containing compound or a sulfur-containing compound.
- nitrogen-containing conjugate examples include benzotriazole (BTA), carboxybenzotriazole (CBTA), tolyltriazole (TTA), N ,, N, -bis (benzotriazolylmethyl) urea (BTD- Triazole-based compounds such as U) and 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole (ATA) are preferably used.
- Sulfur-containing compounds include mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), thiocyanuric acid (TCA), and 2-benzimidazole thiol (BIT). These organic compounds are used after being dissolved in alcohol, water, an acidic solvent, an alkaline solvent and the like.
- the concentration is preferably 2 to 5 gZl.
- the release layer 11a made of an organic compound can be formed by a dipping method in addition to a coating method.
- the thickness of the release layer 11a is preferably 0.05 to 3 m from the viewpoint that the release can be successfully performed.
- the surface roughness Ra of the release layer 11a after the release layer 11a is formed is 0.01 to 3 ⁇ m, particularly 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m, as in the case where the active material layer 3 is directly formed on the carrier foil 11. It is preferably 1 ⁇ m, especially 0.01 to 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the carrier foil 11 produced by electrolysis has a smooth glossy surface on one side and a matte surface with irregularities due to the production method. In other words, the surface roughness of each surface is different from each other.
- the glossy surface is the surface facing the drum peripheral surface in electrolysis, and the matte surface is the deposition surface.
- the release layer 11a may be formed on either the glossy surface or the matte surface. Yes. In consideration of good releasability, it is preferable to form the release layer 11a on a glossy surface having low surface roughness.
- the release layer 11a is formed on the matte surface, for example, a foil produced by performing electrolysis using an electrolyte additive described in JP-A-9-143785 is used, or prior to forming the release layer 11a.
- the mat surface may be etched.
- the surface roughness of the matte surface may be reduced by rolling.
- a slurry containing particles of the active material is applied on the release layer 11a to form the active material layer 3.
- the slurry contains particles of the active material, a binder, a diluting solvent, and the like.
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- PE polyethylene
- EPDM ethylene propylene diene monomer
- the amount of the active material particles in the slurry is preferably about 40 to 90% by weight.
- the amount of the binder is preferably about 0.4-4% by weight.
- the amount of the diluting solvent is preferably about 5 to 85% by weight.
- electrolytic plating may be performed on the release layer 11a before forming the active material layer 3 on the release layer 11a.
- the very thin precursor layer of the lower current collecting surface layer 4 can be formed in advance before the electrolytic plating described later.
- the lower surface layer 4 can be successfully formed by the electrolytic plating described later, the final surface layer 4 is finally obtained by performing the electrolytic plating on the release layer 11a to form the precursor layer.
- the thickness of the pair of current collecting surface layers 4 and 4 can be balanced.
- the conditions for forming the precursor layer by performing electrolytic plating on the release layer 11a can be the same as the conditions for electrolytic plating described below. By adopting this condition, the above-mentioned fine voids can be easily formed in the precursor layer to be formed.
- the slurry coating is dried to form active material layer 3.
- the formed active material layer 3 has many minute spaces between particles.
- the carrier foil 11 on which the active material layer 3 is formed is immersed in a plating bath containing a metal material that is a kind of conductive material to perform electrolytic plating (hereinafter, this electrolytic plating is also referred to as permeation plating). ).
- this electrolytic plating is also referred to as permeation plating.
- the plating solution penetrates into the minute space in the active material layer 3, and the interface between the active material layer 3 and the release layer 11a (or the interface between the active material layer 3 and the precursor layer). To reach.
- Electrolytic plating is performed under this condition.
- An electrode 10 having the structure shown in FIG. 1 is obtained (see FIG. 2 (c)).
- the conditions of the conditions for the permeation are important for precipitating the metal material in the active material layer 3. Further, it is important for forming a large number of fine voids 5 in the surface layer 4.
- the concentration of copper should be 30-100 gZl
- the concentration of sulfuric acid should be 50-200 gZl
- the concentration of chlorine should be 30 ppm or less
- the solution temperature should be 30-80 g. ° C and the current density may be set to 11 lOOAZdm 2 .
- the concentration of copper is 2 to 50 gZl
- the concentration of potassium pyrophosphate is 100 to 700 gZl
- the liquid temperature is 30 to 60 ° C
- the pH is 8 to 12
- the current density is 11 lOAZdm 2.
- a watt bath can be used for electrolytic plating of the nickel.
- the composition of the Watt bath is, for example, Niggenole sulfate strength S150-350 g / l, Shiigata Niggenole force 20-70 g / l, and boric acid power 10-50 g / 1.
- Bath temperature of Watts bath is 30- 80 ° C, current density during electrolysis can you to a 0.
- the material constituting the surface layer 4 permeates over the entire area of the active material layer 3 in the thickness direction, so that the two surface layers 4 are electrically connected. Further, the above-mentioned many fine voids 5 are easily formed in the surface layer 4. If the current density is too high, the deposition will not occur inside the active material layer 3 but will occur only on the surface of the active material layer 3.
- two operations an operation of depositing a metal material in the active material layer 3 and an operation of forming a surface layer 4 having fine voids 5 on at least one surface of the active material layer 3 was performed at the same time.
- the metal material deposited in the active material layer 3 is the same as the constituent material of at least one surface layer.
- two operations may be performed separately. That is, after performing an operation of permeation plating for depositing a metal material in the active material layer 3, the carrier foil 11 on which the active material layer 3 is formed is immersed in another plating bath to form an electrode.
- the surface layer 4 may be formed on the active material layer 3 by melting.
- the constituent material of each surface layer and the metal material precipitated in the active material layer 3 can be made different.
- the conditions of the electrolytic plating during the formation of the surface layer 4 can be the same as the conditions of the penetration plating. Thereby, fine voids can be successfully formed in the surface layer 4.
- the method of forming the fine voids 5 in the surface layer 4 by electrolytic plating is a method in which no external force is applied as compared with the formation of the fine voids by press working described later, and thus the surface layer 4, and thus the electrode 10, is damaged.
- the present inventors speculate that the mechanism by which the fine voids 5 are formed when the surface layer 4 is formed is as follows. That is, since the active material layer 3 is a layer containing the particles 2 of the active material, the surface of the active material layer 3 has a micro uneven shape. That is, the plating tends to grow, and the active site and the site are mixed.
- the electrode 10 may be press-cut to form fine voids 5 in the surface layer 4.
- the consolidation by prescaling is performed by reducing the total force of the thickness of the active material layer 3 and the surface layer 4 after the prescaling to 90% or less, preferably 80% or less before the prescaling. It is preferable to carry out such a process.
- a roll press machine can be used for the pressing force.
- the active material layer 3 after the press working has the voids 6 of 1 to 30% by volume as described above. Due to the presence of the gap 6, when the volume expands during charging, the stress caused by the volume expansion is reduced.
- Such a gap 6 may be obtained by controlling the press working conditions as described above. The value of the gap 6 can be determined by electron microscope mapping as described above.
- the active material layer 3 may be pressed before the permeation plating is performed. Call it power).
- the active material layer 3 and the previously formed surface layer 4 that is, The separation of the lower surface layer from the ultra-thin precursor layer described in (1) is also prevented, and the exposure of the active material particles 2 on the surface of the electrode 10 is prevented.
- the degree of penetration of the metal material into the active material 3 can be controlled by performing pre-pressing.
- the degree of the press when the degree of the press is large, the distance between the particles 2 of the active material becomes short, and it becomes difficult for the metal material to penetrate into the active material 3. Conversely, if the degree of pressing is small, the distance between the active material particles 2 becomes longer, and the metal material easily permeates into the active material 3.
- the condition of the pre-pressing is such that the thickness of the active material layer 3 after the pre-pressing is 95% or less, particularly 90% or less of the thickness of the active material layer 3 before the pre-pressing. preferable.
- the electrode 10 is separated from the carrier foil 11 at the portion of the release layer 11a.
- the force drawn so that the release layer 11a remains on the carrier foil 11 side Actually, the release layer 1la may remain on the carrier foil 11 side depending on the thickness and the type of release treatment agent. May remain on the electrode 10 side. Or they may remain in both. In any case, the release layer 11a has an extremely small thickness, so that there is no effect on the performance of the obtained electrode.
- the electrode 10 in which both surfaces of the electrode can be used for the electrode reaction can be obtained by performing the operation of forming the active material layer 3 only once.
- the conventional electrode in order to use both surfaces of the electrode for the electrode reaction, it was necessary to form active material layers on both surfaces of the thick film conductor for current collection. That is, the operation of forming the active material layer had to be performed twice. Therefore, according to the present manufacturing method, the manufacturing efficiency of the electrode is extremely improved.
- the electrode 10 is not peeled off from the carrier foil 11 until the electrode 10 is incorporated into the battery, and is peeled off from the carrier foil 11 immediately before being assembled, so that the electrode 10 is easily thinned and wrinkled. If the electrode 10 of the present embodiment can be transported with good handling properties, the advantage can be reduced.
- the surface of the carrier foil 11 has an uneven shape to some extent.
- Each surface of the rolled foil is smooth due to the manufacturing method.
- the electrolytic foil has a rough surface on one side and a smooth surface on the other side.
- the rough surface is a deposition surface when manufacturing an electrolytic foil. Therefore, if the rough surface of the carrier foil 11, which also serves as the electrolytic foil, is used as the electrodeposition surface, the work of separately performing roughening treatment on the carrier foil can be omitted, which is simple. The advantage of using a rough surface will be described later.
- Ra FIS B 0601 When using a roughened surface as an electrodeposited surface, its surface roughness Ra FIS B 0601) should be 0.05-5 m, especially 0.2-0.8 m, if the desired diameter and existence It is preferable because fine voids having a high density can be easily formed.
- a release agent is applied to one surface of the carrier foil 11 to perform a release treatment.
- the release agent is preferably applied to the rough surface of the carrier foil 11.
- the step of applying the release agent is performed only in order to successfully release the electrode 10 from the carrier foil 11 in a release step (FIG. 3 (f)) described later. Therefore, even if this step is omitted, fine voids can be formed in the lower surface layer 4.
- a coating liquid containing a conductive polymer is applied and dried to form a coating film 12.
- the coating liquid is applied to the rough surface of the carrier foil 11, it is likely to accumulate in recesses on the rough surface. If the solvent evaporates in this state, the thickness of the coating film 12 becomes uneven. In other words, the thickness of the coating film corresponding to the concave portion of the rough surface is large, and the thickness of the coating film corresponding to the convex portion is small.
- a large number of fine voids are formed in the lower surface layer 4 by utilizing the unevenness of the thickness of the coating film 12.
- the conductive polymer a conventionally known polymer whose type is not particularly limited can be used. Examples include polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyacryl-tolyl (PAN), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PEO polyethylene oxide
- PAN polyacryl-tolyl
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- the conductive polymer is preferably a fluorine-containing conductive polymer. Fluorine-containing polymers are thermally and chemically This is because the mechanical stability is high and the mechanical strength is excellent. Considering these, it is particularly preferable to use polyvinylidene fluoride, which is a fluorine-containing polymer having lithium ion conductivity.
- the coating liquid containing a conductive polymer is one in which the conductive polymer is dissolved in a volatile organic solvent.
- a volatile organic solvent for example, when polyvinylidene fluoride is used as the conductive polymer, N-methylpyrrolidone or the like can be used.
- the mechanism by which a large number of fine voids are formed in the lower surface layer 4 is considered as follows.
- the carrier foil 11 on which the coating film 12 is formed is subjected to an electrolytic plating process, and a lower surface layer 4 is formed on the coating film 12 as shown in FIG. This state is shown in FIG. 4 which is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. 3 (c).
- the conductive polymer that constitutes the coating film 12 is not metal-like! // has electronic conductivity. Accordingly, the coating 12 has different electron conductivity depending on its thickness.
- Fine voids 5 are formed in the surface layer 4. In other words, a portion having a low electrodeposition rate, in other words, a portion having a large thickness of the coating film 12 is liable to become the fine void 5.
- the pore size / existence density of the micropores 5 can also be controlled by the polymer concentration.
- the concentration of the conductive polymer in the coating solution is preferably 0.05 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably 13 to 13% by weight.
- the conductive polymer can be applied to the carrier foil 11 by a dipping method other than the coating method.
- Plating bath and plating conditions for forming the lower surface layer 4 are appropriately selected according to the constituent materials of the surface layer 4.
- the surface layer 4 is made of, for example, Cu
- a copper sulfate bath or a copper pyrophosphate bath having the following composition can be used as a plating bath.
- the bath temperature is preferably about 40 to 70 ° C
- the current density is preferably about 0.5 to 50 A / dm 2 .
- a conductive slurry containing particles of the active material is applied thereon to form the active material layer 3.
- the formed active material layer 3 has many minute spaces between particles.
- the carrier foil 11 on which the active material layer 3 is formed is immersed in a plating bath containing a metal material, which is a kind of conductive material, to perform electroplating (penetration plating). By immersion in the plating bath, the plating solution penetrates into the minute space in the active material layer 3 and reaches the interface between the active material layer 3 and the lower surface layer 4. Electrolytic plating is performed under this condition.
- a metal material is deposited on (a) the inside of the active material layer 3 and (b) on the inner surface side of the active material layer 3 (that is, on the surface side facing the lower surface layer 4). The material permeates over the entire thickness of the active material layer 3.
- the upper surface layer 4 is formed on the active material layer 3.
- the active material layer 3 contains particles of the active material, its surface is rough. Therefore, if the same means as the means for forming the lower surface layer 4 on the rough surface of the carrier foil 11 serving as the electrolytic foil is employed to form the upper surface layer 4, Also, a large number of fine voids 5 can be formed. That is, a coating solution containing a conductive polymer is applied to the surface of the active material layer 3 and dried to form a coating film (not shown). Then, using the same conditions as when the lower surface layer 4 was formed, as shown in FIG. 3 (e), the upper surface was coated by electroplating on the coating film (not shown). Form layer 4.
- the carrier foil 11 is separated from the lower surface layer 4 by separation. Thereby, the electrode 10 is obtained.
- the conductive polymer coating film 12 is drawn so as to remain on the lower surface layer 4 side, but the coating film 12 depends on the thickness and the type of the conductive polymer. It may remain on the foil 11 side or on the lower surface layer 4 side. Or it may remain in both.
- the electrode 10 ′ of the present embodiment includes a conductive foil 7 at the center in the thickness direction. Active material layers 3 and 3 are formed on each surface of conductive foil 7, respectively. Further, current collecting surface layers 4a and 4b covering the active material layers 3 and 3, respectively, are formed.
- the conductive foil 7 is made of, for example, the same material as the material forming the current collecting surface layer. From the viewpoint of increasing the strength, a high-strength rolled alloy foil, stainless steel foil, or the like may be used.
- the conductive material penetrates the entire active material layer 3, 3 in the thickness direction.
- the active material particles 2 are not exposed on the surface of the electrode but are embedded in the surface layers 4a and 4b.
- the conductive material penetrates each of the active material layers 3 and 3 in the thickness direction, and is connected to the conductive foil 7.
- each of the surface layers 4a and 4b is electrically connected to the conductive foil 7, and the electron conductivity of the entire electrode is further increased. That is, the electrode of the present embodiment as well as the electrode of the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the thicknesses of the surface layers 4a and 4b and the active material layers 3 and 3 in this embodiment can be the same as those in the first embodiment.
- the thickness of the conductive foil 7 is preferably from 5 to 40 / ⁇ , and particularly preferably from 10 to 20 m, from the viewpoint of suppressing the thickness of the entire electrode and increasing the energy density. From the same viewpoint, the thickness of the entire electrode is preferably 5 to 600 m, particularly 10 to 450 / ⁇ , and particularly preferably 10 to 250 ⁇ m.
- the outline of the method for manufacturing an electrode according to the present embodiment is as follows. First, a slurry containing active material particles is applied to each surface of the conductive foil 7 to form an active material layer.
- the conductive foil 7 may be manufactured in advance, or may be manufactured in-line as one step in the manufacturing process of the electrode of the present embodiment! When the conductive foil 7 is manufactured in-line, it is preferably manufactured by electrolytic deposition. After the slurry coating is dried to form an active material layer, the conductive foil 7 on which the active material layer is formed is immersed in a plating bath containing a metal material, and the active foil is activated under the condition. Electrolytic plating with the metal material is performed on the material layer to form surface layers 4a and 4b.
- the metal material constituting the surface layers 4a and 4b penetrates over the entire area in the thickness direction of the active material layer, and both surface layers are electrically connected to the conductive foil 7.
- the conductive foil 7 on which the active material layer is formed may be made of a metal that is a kind of conductive material.
- the metal material is immersed in a plating bath containing the material, and electroplating is performed in that state to deposit a metal material in the active material layer.
- the conductive foil 7 on which the active material layer is formed is immersed in a plating bath containing a material different from the metal material to perform electrolytic plating.
- a surface layer having a large number of fine voids is formed on the active material layer.
- the negative electrode 10 ′′ of the present embodiment is particularly useful as an electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the negative electrode 10 "has a conductive foil 7 at the center in the thickness direction.
- Metallic lithium layers 8 and 8 are formed on each surface of the conductive foil 7.
- Each metal lithium layer The active material layers 3 and 3 are formed on the surface, respectively.
- the active material layer 3 contains an element having a high ability to form a lithium compound.
- the negative electrode 10 "shown in Fig. 6 has a metal lithium layer 8 on each surface of the conductive foil 7. This is different from the negative electrode 10 'shown in FIG.
- the negative electrode 10 "of the present embodiment even if lithium is consumed during charge and discharge, lithium is dissolved and supplied from the lithium metal layer 8. Therefore, the amount (capacity) of the negative electrode active material is reduced.
- the so-called “lithium depletion” problem which is a concern when designing a battery in which the amount (capacity) of the positive electrode active material is reduced, is eliminated.
- the initial irreversible capacity can be reduced, and the charge / discharge efficiency (cycle characteristics) in each charge / discharge cycle is improved.
- the active material since the active material has absorbed lithium before the start of charging and discharging, the increase in volume due to the insertion of lithium during charging can be reduced. This greatly contributes to the improvement of cycle life.
- a space is formed in the metallic lithium layer 8 after the lithium is dissolved, and the space relieves stress caused by expansion and contraction of the active material during charging and discharging.
- the dagger is suppressed.
- the active material is finely ground, the active material is not exposed to the surface of the electrode but is embedded in the electrode, so that the active material is prevented from falling off, and charging and discharging can be prevented. Even if repeated, the current collecting property of the active material is ensured. Since the metallic lithium layer is not exposed on the surface of the negative electrode and is located inside, lithium dendrite is generated Is prevented.
- each metal lithium layer 8 is 0.1 to 100%, particularly 0.1 to 70%, especially 5 to 100% of the saturated irreversible capacity of the active material contained in the active material layer 3 adjacent thereto. It is preferable that the content be 50% since the capacity recovery characteristics become good.
- the metal lithium layer 8 in which the metal lithium layer 8 is interposed between each active material layer 3 and the conductive foil 7 is at least one of Interposed between the active material layer 3 and the conductive foil 7!
- a preferred method of manufacturing the negative electrode 10 "of the present embodiment is as follows. First, according to the above-described procedure of Figs. 3 (a) to 3 (d), the carrier foil 11 is placed on the carrier foil 11. A coating film 12 containing a conductive polymer is formed, and a surface layer 4 is formed thereon.A conductive slurry containing active material particles is applied on the surface layer 4 to form an active material layer 3. Next, Next, permeation is applied to the active material layer 3. A pair of carrier foils 11 (hereinafter, referred to as a negative electrode precursor 20) on which the active material layer 3 is formed as described above is prepared.
- a negative electrode precursor 20 A pair of carrier foils 11 (hereinafter, referred to as a negative electrode precursor 20) on which the active material layer 3 is formed as described above is prepared.
- a conductive foil 7 having a metal lithium layer 8 formed on each surface is prepared.
- the metallic lithium layer 8 can be formed by, for example, overlaying and pressing metallic lithium foil on each surface of the conductive foil 7.
- the conductive foil 7 can be formed by applying various thin film forming means such as a chemical vapor deposition method or a sputtering method to each surface.
- the conductive foil 7 on which the metal lithium layer 8 is formed is sandwiched between a pair of negative electrode precursors 20.
- the active material layers 3 in each of the negative electrode precursors 20 face each other, and the carrier foil 11 faces outward.
- each carrier foil 11 is peeled off from the surface layer 4.
- the intended negative electrode 10 "is obtained.
- FIGS. 7 (b) and 7 (c) the illustration of the coating film 12 containing a conductive polymer is omitted for simplicity.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the conductive material deposited in the active material layer penetrates the active material layer in the thickness direction to electrically connect both surface layers. Both surface layers need not be electrically conductive as long as the current collecting property can be sufficiently ensured.
- the reaction between the active material particles and the electrolyte In order to increase the number of active points, a hole is opened on at least one surface of the electrode using a laser, a bonnet, a needle, or the like and reaches at least a part of the active material layer, or a through hole extending in the thickness direction of the electrode. May be formed.
- the surface layer 4 has a single-layer structure.
- at least one surface layer may have a multilayer structure of two or more layers made of different materials. good.
- the surface layer 4 has a two-layer structure of a lower layer made of nickel and an upper layer made of copper, remarkable deformation of the electrode due to a change in volume of the active material can be more effectively prevented.
- the surface layer 4 has a multilayer structure, at least one of the constituent materials of each layer can be made of a material different from the conductive material penetrating into the active material layer 3. Alternatively, all of the constituent materials of each layer may be different from the conductive material.
- the conductive material penetrating into the active material layer 3 is It may exist up to the boundary between the layer and the surface layer 4. Alternatively, the conductive material may form a part of the surface layer 4 beyond the boundary. Conversely, the constituent material force of the surface layer 4 may be present in the active material layer 3 beyond the boundary.
- the conductive material deposited in the active material layer 3 can be differently deposited. It can be a multilayer structure of more than one kind.
- Each hydrogen-absorbing alloy raw material must have the specified alloy composition (MmNi Mn Al Co).
- the mixture was placed in a crucible and fixed in a high-frequency melting furnace, and was evacuated to 1.33 ⁇ 10 2 Torr or less. Next, after heating and melting in an argon gas atmosphere, the mixture was poured into a water-cooled copper mold and fabricated at 1430 ° C. to obtain an alloy. This alloy is Heat treatment was performed at 1060 ° C. for 3 hours in a gas atmosphere to obtain a hydrogen storage alloy on the ingot.
- the obtained hydrogen storage alloy (ingot) was pulverized, sieved, divided, and classified into -20 m (20 m or less), 20-53 m, and 53 m or more.
- a slurry having the following composition was prepared by using particles of 20 to 53 m among the classified active material particles having hydrogen storage alloy power.
- Binder styrene butadiene rubber
- the active material slurry was applied on the release layer, dried, and then roll-pressed at a linear pressure of 0.5 t / cm to consolidate to form an active material layer.
- the thickness of the active material layer was 30 / zm.
- the carrier foil on which the active material layer was formed was immersed in a plating bath having the following composition to perform electrolysis.
- the produced negative electrode was subjected to carrier foil force peeling at a release layer portion.
- a negative electrode having the structure shown in FIG. 1 was obtained.
- FIG. 1 shows in the same manner as in Example 1 except that particles of ⁇ 20 / zm were used among the active material particles of the hydrogen storage alloy classified in “(1) Preparation of active material particles” in Example 1.
- a negative electrode having the structure was obtained.
- FIG. 8 shows an electron micrograph of the cross-sectional structure of the obtained negative electrode.
- FIG. 9 shows an electron micrograph of the surface state of the current collecting surface layer on the side in contact with the carrier foil.
- the current collecting surface layer on the side in contact with the carrier foil is not clear, but the photographic power shown in Fig. 9 is also clear. It was confirmed that fine voids were formed in the current collecting surface layer. It was also confirmed that the active material layer was covered with the current collecting surface layer, and the active material particles were not exposed on the surface.
- FIG. 10 shows an electron micrograph of the cross-sectional structure of the obtained negative electrode.
- the surface state of the negative electrode on the side in contact with the carrier foil was observed with an electron microscope, a current collecting surface layer was formed, and fine voids were formed in the current collecting surface layer. It was confirmed that. It was also confirmed that the active material layer was covered with the current collecting surface layer, and that the particles of the active material were not exposed on the surface.
- Example 2 The same slurry as the slurry used in Example 1 was applied to the front side of a 100-m-thick stainless steel punched metal, dried and then roll-pressed with a linear pressure of 0.5 tZcm to consolidate. Thus, active material layers each having a thickness of 150 m were formed. Thus, a negative electrode was obtained.
- Aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries using the negative electrodes obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples as follows was prepared.
- the capacity density per volume hereinafter, referred to as the maximum capacity density per volume
- the capacity retention rate at 200 cycles were measured by the following methods. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Sintered nickel hydroxide was used as a counter electrode, the negative electrode obtained above was used as a working electrode, and both electrodes were opposed to each other via a separator. Furthermore, an aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was obtained using an aqueous KOH solution having a specific gravity of 1.30 as the electrolyte.
- the discharge capacity per negative electrode volume in the number of cycles at which the maximum volume was obtained was determined. Single place is a mAhZcm 3.
- the maximum capacity density per volume often indicates the discharge capacity per volume of the active material or the volume of the active material layer.
- the discharge capacity per volume of the negative electrode was shown in order to clarify the advantage that the current collector of the present invention does not need to use a thick film current collector.
- the 200-cycle capacity retention rate (%) was calculated by dividing the discharge capacity at the 200th cycle by the maximum discharge capacity, and multiplying by 100.
- the battery After measuring the capacity at the 21st cycle, the battery was charged at 0.2C ⁇ 6 hours, then discharged at 0.2C ⁇ 2.5 hours, and allowed to stand for 30 minutes. Then, the voltage value 10 seconds after the 2C discharge was used as the output characteristic.
- the voltage value of the battery using the electrode of Comparative Example 1 as the negative electrode was set to 100, and the voltage values of the other batteries were relatively displayed. The higher this value is, the better the output characteristics are. 2C discharge means discharge at a current value that can discharge the entire capacity in 30 minutes.
- Example 1 1120 95 110
- Example 2 1 150 95 150
- Example 3 1380 90 130 Comparative example 1 1010 80 100 [0101]
- the secondary battery provided with the negative electrode of each example had a maximum capacity density per volume and a 200-cycle capacity retention ratio as compared with the battery provided with the negative electrode of Comparative Example 1. It can be seen that both the output and the output are high.
- An electrode was manufactured according to the method shown in FIG. First, a copper carrier foil (thickness: 35 ⁇ m) obtained by electrolysis was acid-washed at room temperature for 30 seconds. Subsequently, the substrate was washed with pure water at room temperature for 30 seconds. Next, the carrier foil was immersed in a 3.5 gZl CBTA solution kept at 40 ° C for 30 seconds. Thereby, a peeling treatment was performed. After the peeling treatment, the solution strength was also raised, and the substrate was washed with pure water for 15 seconds.
- the composition of the plating bath is Cu SO
- the power was S70gZl. Current density was 5AZdm 2.
- the surface layer was S70gZl. Current density was 5AZdm 2.
- an active material layer was formed by applying a slurry containing particles of the active material on the surface layer so as to have a film thickness of 18 m.
- the carrier foil was immersed in a Watt bath having the following bath composition, and nickel was permeated into the active material layer by electrolysis.
- the current density was 5 AZd
- the bath temperature was 50 ° C
- the pH was 5.
- a nickel electrode was used for the anode.
- the power supply used was a DC power supply. This permeation was performed to such an extent that some active material particles were exposed from the plating surface. After raising the plating bath power, it was washed with pure water for 30 seconds and dried in the air.
- FIG. 11 shows an electron micrograph of the cross-sectional structure of the obtained negative electrode.
- the upper surface layer had an average of 50 micropores within a square of lcm ⁇ 1 cm. It was confirmed that the lower surface layer had an average of 30 micropores.
- Example 4 In the formation of the lower surface layer in Example 4, a first surface layer having a thickness of 8 m and having a thickness of copper was formed by electroplating. The composition and plating conditions of the plating bath were the same as in Example 4. Then, a 2 m-thick second surface layer having micropores and also a nickel force was formed thereon using a Watt bath having the following composition. The current density was 5AZdm 2 , the bath temperature was 50 ° C, and the pH was 5. The lower surface layer thus formed has a two-layer structure of a first surface layer having a thickness of 8 ⁇ m, which also has a copper force, and a second surface layer having a thickness of 2 ⁇ m, which also has a nickel force. there were.
- Example 4 a second surface layer having a thickness of 2 / zm having fine pores and also having a nickel force was formed by electroplating, and then formed thereon.
- the composition and plating conditions of the plating bath used for forming the first and second surface layers were the same as those for forming the lower surface layer.
- the upper surface layer thus formed also has a 2 m thick nickel force adjacent to the active material layer and an 8 m thick copper force adjacent to the second surface layer. It had a two-layer structure with the first surface layer.
- a slurry similar to that used in Example 4 was used on each side of the copper foil (thickness: 35 m) obtained by electrolysis, and was applied to a thickness of 15 m to form an active material layer. did.
- the copper foil on which the active material layer was formed was immersed in a Cu-based plating bath to perform electroplating.
- the composition of the plating bath and the plating conditions were the same as in Example 4.
- a thin layer of 0.05 m thick copper was formed on the surface of the active material layer.
- a negative electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was obtained. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the thin copper layer was distributed in an island shape rather than continuously covering the surface of the active material. There were no pores that could be called micropores.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced by the following method.
- the maximum negative electrode discharge capacity and the capacity retention rate after 50 cycles of this battery were measured and calculated by the following methods. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
- the negative electrodes obtained in Examples 4 and 5 and Comparative Example 2 were used as working electrodes, and LiCoO was used as a counter electrode.
- LiPF Z ethylene as non-aqueous electrolyte
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was prepared by a conventional method using a mixed solution of carbonate and dimethyl carbonate (1: 1 volume ratio).
- the discharge capacity per active material weight in the cycle where the maximum capacity was obtained was measured.
- the unit is mAhZg.
- the discharge capacity per negative electrode volume in the cycle at which the maximum capacity was obtained was also measured.
- the unit is mAhZcm 3.
- the discharge capacity at the 50th cycle was measured, the value was divided by the maximum negative electrode discharge capacity, and calculated by multiplying by 100.
- the active material is not exposed on the surface of the electrode but is embedded inside the electrode, the existence of the electrically isolated active material is effectively prevented. As a result, sufficient current collecting performance can be obtained, and the output can be improved. Also, even if charge and discharge are repeated, the active material is prevented from falling off, and the current collecting property of the active material is also ensured. Furthermore, even if the charge and discharge are repeated, the deterioration rate is low and the cycle life is greatly increased, and the charge and discharge efficiency is also increased. Since the active material is embedded in the inside of the electrode, oxidation or corrosion of the active material is suppressed, and there is also an advantage that an active material having a small particle size can be used.
- An active material having a small particle size increases its specific surface area and contributes to an improvement in output. Further, when a surface layer for current collection is provided on the surface of the electrode, the strength of the electrode is increased. In addition, unlike the current collector type electrode, the current collector is not used, so that the ratio of the active material in the entire electrode can be increased. As a result, the energy density per unit volume and per unit weight can be increased as compared with a secondary battery using a current collector-using electrode. Not using a current collector also has the advantage of improving the flexibility of the electrode as compared to a foam-type electrode.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BRPI0415747-8A BRPI0415747A (pt) | 2003-12-04 | 2004-11-22 | eletrodo para bateria secundária, processo para produção do eletrodo, e bateria secundária |
| US10/522,311 US20060121345A1 (en) | 2003-12-04 | 2004-11-22 | Electrode for secondary battery, process of producing the electrode, and secondary battery |
| EP04819770A EP1693910A4 (en) | 2003-12-04 | 2004-11-22 | ELECTRODE FOR SECONDARY BATTERY USE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THEREOF AND SECONDARY BATTERY |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003406484 | 2003-12-04 | ||
| JP2003-406484 | 2003-12-04 | ||
| JP2004-270494 | 2004-09-16 | ||
| JP2004270494 | 2004-09-16 | ||
| JP2004-313054 | 2004-10-27 | ||
| JP2004313054 | 2004-10-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2005055345A1 true WO2005055345A1 (ja) | 2005-06-16 |
Family
ID=34657741
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2004/017352 Ceased WO2005055345A1 (ja) | 2003-12-04 | 2004-11-22 | 二次電池用電極及びその製造方法並びに二次電池 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1693910A4 (ja) |
| KR (2) | KR100974402B1 (ja) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0415747A (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI359525B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2005055345A1 (ja) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1947714A4 (en) * | 2005-11-08 | 2009-12-09 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co | NEGATIVE ELECTRODE FOR A SECONDARY BATTERY WITH A WATER-FREE ELECTROLYTE |
| US7838154B2 (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2010-11-23 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. | Negative electrode for nonaqueous secondary battery |
| US7914930B2 (en) * | 2006-01-10 | 2011-03-29 | Panasonic Corporation | Method for producing non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
| CN112018375A (zh) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-12-01 | 安徽天时新能源科技有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池负极材料及其制备方法 |
| US20220093996A1 (en) * | 2019-02-08 | 2022-03-24 | Maxell Holdings, Ltd. | Negative electrode for aqueous electrolyte cell and sheet-type cell |
| CN118970284A (zh) * | 2024-10-16 | 2024-11-15 | 山东强能新能源有限公司 | 一种光伏储能电池的辅助散热结构 |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20120065367A (ko) | 2009-08-24 | 2012-06-20 | 시온 파워 코퍼레이션 | 전기화학 전지용 방출 시스템 |
| KR20150132427A (ko) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-11-25 | 바스프 에스이 | 보호된 전극 구조물 |
| KR102026508B1 (ko) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-09-27 | 시온 파워 코퍼레이션 | 보호된 전극 구조물 및 방법 |
| CN105474448B (zh) * | 2013-08-08 | 2019-03-22 | 锡安能量公司 | 电化学电池中的自修复电极保护 |
| TWI553161B (zh) | 2016-03-02 | 2016-10-11 | 華碩電腦股份有限公司 | 電極的製作方法 |
| EP3671911B1 (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2022-08-24 | LG Energy Solution, Ltd. | Negative electrode for lithium secondary battery and lithium ion secondary battery including the same |
| CN112701246B (zh) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-04-12 | 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 | 电极片和电池 |
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| JPH0850922A (ja) * | 1994-05-30 | 1996-02-20 | Canon Inc | 電池用電極及び該電極を有するリチウム二次電池 |
| JP2002289178A (ja) * | 2001-03-23 | 2002-10-04 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | リチウム二次電池用電極及びリチウム二次電池 |
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| EP1339116A3 (en) * | 1994-05-30 | 2005-03-23 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Rechargeable lithium battery |
| US6020089A (en) * | 1994-11-07 | 2000-02-01 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Electrode plate for battery |
| JPH08236120A (ja) * | 1995-03-01 | 1996-09-13 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 多孔質電解金属箔の製造方法、その電解金属箔を用いた二次電池用電極 |
| JPH0982323A (ja) * | 1995-09-18 | 1997-03-28 | L Tec Asia Service:Kk | 電池用水酸化ニッケルおよびそれを用いたアルカリ電池 |
| JPH1154112A (ja) * | 1997-07-31 | 1999-02-26 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 非水電解液二次電池 |
| JP4063437B2 (ja) * | 1999-02-09 | 2008-03-19 | 三洋電機株式会社 | リチウム二次電池 |
| JP3670938B2 (ja) * | 2000-07-19 | 2005-07-13 | 三洋電機株式会社 | リチウム二次電池 |
-
2004
- 2004-11-22 EP EP04819770A patent/EP1693910A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-11-22 BR BRPI0415747-8A patent/BRPI0415747A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-11-22 KR KR1020097009976A patent/KR100974402B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-22 KR KR1020067007703A patent/KR100953804B1/ko not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-11-22 WO PCT/JP2004/017352 patent/WO2005055345A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2004-11-29 TW TW093136754A patent/TWI359525B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0850922A (ja) * | 1994-05-30 | 1996-02-20 | Canon Inc | 電池用電極及び該電極を有するリチウム二次電池 |
| JP2002289178A (ja) * | 2001-03-23 | 2002-10-04 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | リチウム二次電池用電極及びリチウム二次電池 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| See also references of EP1693910A4 * |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7838154B2 (en) * | 2004-09-09 | 2010-11-23 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd. | Negative electrode for nonaqueous secondary battery |
| EP1947714A4 (en) * | 2005-11-08 | 2009-12-09 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co | NEGATIVE ELECTRODE FOR A SECONDARY BATTERY WITH A WATER-FREE ELECTROLYTE |
| KR101047807B1 (ko) * | 2005-11-08 | 2011-07-07 | 미츠이 마이닝 & 스멜팅 콤파니 리미티드 | 비수전해액 이차전지용 음극 |
| CN101292379B (zh) * | 2005-11-08 | 2012-04-18 | 三井金属矿业株式会社 | 非水电解液二次电池用负极 |
| US7914930B2 (en) * | 2006-01-10 | 2011-03-29 | Panasonic Corporation | Method for producing non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
| US20220093996A1 (en) * | 2019-02-08 | 2022-03-24 | Maxell Holdings, Ltd. | Negative electrode for aqueous electrolyte cell and sheet-type cell |
| CN112018375A (zh) * | 2020-09-02 | 2020-12-01 | 安徽天时新能源科技有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池负极材料及其制备方法 |
| CN118970284A (zh) * | 2024-10-16 | 2024-11-15 | 山东强能新能源有限公司 | 一种光伏储能电池的辅助散热结构 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20090058592A (ko) | 2009-06-09 |
| BRPI0415747A (pt) | 2006-12-19 |
| KR100974402B1 (ko) | 2010-08-05 |
| KR100953804B1 (ko) | 2010-04-21 |
| TW200531331A (en) | 2005-09-16 |
| EP1693910A4 (en) | 2010-06-02 |
| EP1693910A1 (en) | 2006-08-23 |
| KR20060109435A (ko) | 2006-10-20 |
| TWI359525B (en) | 2012-03-01 |
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