WO2004029329A1 - 高温部材の擦動面のコーティング方法および高温部材と放電表面処理用電極 - Google Patents
高温部材の擦動面のコーティング方法および高温部材と放電表面処理用電極 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004029329A1 WO2004029329A1 PCT/JP2003/012088 JP0312088W WO2004029329A1 WO 2004029329 A1 WO2004029329 A1 WO 2004029329A1 JP 0312088 W JP0312088 W JP 0312088W WO 2004029329 A1 WO2004029329 A1 WO 2004029329A1
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- temperature
- discharge
- surface treatment
- high temperature
- electrode
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
- C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
- B23K9/044—Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/18—Submerged-arc welding
- B23K9/186—Submerged-arc welding making use of a consumable electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249954—With chemically effective material or specified gas other than air, N, or carbon dioxide in void-containing component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249955—Void-containing component partially impregnated with adjacent component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for coating a rubbing surface of a high-temperature member, a high-temperature member and an electrode for discharge surface treatment. Description of related technology
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a shrouded turbine blade as an example of a high-temperature member as viewed from a shroud side
- FIG. 2 is another perspective view of a shroud portion.
- the turbine blade with shroud consists of blade part 1, dovetail part 2, and shroud part 3.
- the wing 1 has an airfoil cross section, and is a portion that generates rotational power by the combustion gas.
- the dovetail part 2 is located at the end of the wing part 1, is fixed to a turbine disk (not shown), and is a part that transmits rotational power to the turbine disk.
- the shroud section 3 is attached to the tip of the wing section, and has a function of suppressing vibration and reducing gas leakage at the tip.
- the contact surface may be a simple straight line when viewed from the radial direction, or may have a step in the middle as in this example.
- a case having a step in the middle is referred to as “with a Z notch”.
- the adjacent shroud portions of the Z-notched shroud portions are in contact with each other on the side surfaces A and B of the Z notch 3a so as to maintain the entire position.
- the Z-notched shroud portions are characterized by having a high position holding ability without being connected to each other.
- the pin blades rotate at high speed during operation and are not only subject to periodic deformation and vibration, but are also exposed to hot combustion gases passing through the turbine blades. Therefore, The side surfaces A and B of the loud part are rubbed while receiving high surface pressure at high temperatures, and there is a problem that wear is severe.
- the friction surfaces A and B are not fixed surfaces, but one is A and the surface in contact with it is B.
- sliding surface A, B the surface that rubs next to the Z notch on the Yuichi bin wing
- sliding surface A, B has hard heat and wear resistance.
- Metals were overlay welded or sprayed (for example, [Patent Document 1]).
- overlay welding or thermal spraying has a problem that, although the lamination speed is high, the soundness and adhesion of the layers, dimensional accuracy and workability are poor, and automation is difficult.
- pre-processing and post-processing were indispensable, and the cost was high.
- the fitting portion of such a high temperature portion of the evening bin and the sliding surface of the compressor are liable to be worn during operation, so that they are liable to wear, and it is necessary to coat a high temperature wear resistant material.
- a hard material is conventionally attached to the surface by welding or spraying.
- the surface layer of the part is activated by grinding or blasting before welding or spraying, then the stellite alloy is overlaid by welding or spraying, etc., after welding or spraying to remove excess metal and secure dimensions. Grinding.
- the fitting portion has a narrow groove shape, and is difficult to be welded or sprayed.
- the workpiece (base material S50C) is subjected to electrical discharge machining in a liquid to deposit WC-Co (primary machining).
- re-melting secondary processing
- electrodes that do not wear much such as copper electrodes.
- the coating layer has a structure with many cavities.
- a coating layer that is hard and has good adhesion to steel can be obtained.
- a surface-treated electrode having high strength can be manufactured by pre-sintering (for example, see Patent Document 4).
- Patent Document 4 a case of manufacturing an electrode for discharge surface treatment composed of a powder obtained by mixing a WC powder and a C0 powder will be described.
- the green compact formed by mixing and compressing WC powder and Co powder may be simply formed by mixing and compressing WC powder and Co powder. It is more desirable because the formability of the body is improved.
- wax is an insulating material, if it remains in a large amount in the electrode, Since the resistance increases, the discharge performance deteriorates. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the wax.
- the wax can be removed by heating the green compact electrode in a vacuum furnace. At this time, if the heating temperature is too low, the wax cannot be removed, and if the temperature is too high, the soot will be soaked and the purity of the electrode will be degraded. It is necessary to keep the heating temperature below the sooting temperature.
- the green compact in the vacuum furnace is heated by a high-frequency coil or the like to give strength enough to withstand machining and to the extent that it is not over-hardened, for example, to a hardness of about black ink.
- sintering is carried out at a relatively low sintering temperature so that the bonding progresses with each other but weak bonding does not reach the main sintering. It is known that a dense and uniform coating can be formed by performing a discharge surface treatment with such an electrode.
- a work is used as a cathode, and W or WC, a stellite alloy, TiB 2 (titanium boride), Cr 3 C 2 (chromium carbide), or the like is used as a rod.
- Patent Document 6 discloses a method for example, a method is disclosed.
- the seventh prior art discloses an electric discharge machining electrode formed of Cr 3 C 2 or the like in order to suppress the consumption of the electrode and the like (for example, see Patent Document 7).
- the eighth prior art uses an electrode material, such as WC, TaC, TiC, cBN (cubic boron nitride), diamond, etc., which is melted by discharge in air. It discloses a method of forming a film by attaching a material to a work (see, for example, Patent Document 8).
- the ninth conventional technology relates to a discharge surface treatment technology, in which a lubricating material such as BN is added to an electrode for discharge surface treatment to impart a lubricating effect to the coating. (For example, see Patent Document 9).
- the functional coating is added by adding a lubricating material or the like.
- a lubricating material or the like.
- Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of the turbine blades of an aircraft gas bin engine.
- a plurality of turbine blades 201 are fixed in contact with each other as shown in the figure, and are configured to rotate around an axis.
- the contact portion A between the turbine blades 201 shown in the figure is violently rubbed or hit in a high temperature environment.
- the abrasion-resistant coating used in the above-described conventional technology loses hardness or is oxidized. There is a problem that there is almost no wear effect.
- the fourth and eighth prior art lubricating coatings are also supposed to be used at room temperature, and are expected to be lubricated at room temperature and used in gas turbine engines for aircraft. Phenomena and mechanisms are completely different from lubricity in high-temperature environments exceeding 700, and these conventional technologies do not consider lubrication in high-temperature environments. There was a point.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems. That is, the first object of the present invention is to reduce the wear even when rubbing while receiving high surface pressure at high temperature, and to improve the adhesion of layers, dimensional accuracy and workability, and to achieve high temperature It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for coating a sliding surface of a member and a high-temperature member.
- a second object of the present invention is to provide a discharge surface treatment electrode capable of forming a coating having wear resistance and lubricity even on a high temperature environment on a workpiece by a discharge surface treatment method.
- a high-temperature hard material (4) or a material having lubricity at high temperature (6) is provided on a rubbing surface in contact with another member in a high-temperature environment.
- a discharge treatment electrode of a compact of a mixture of a high-temperature hard material (4) and a material having lubricity at high temperature (6) to generate a pulse-like discharge between the friction surface and the electrode.
- a method for coating a rubbing surface of a high-temperature member comprising forming a film of a constituent material of the discharge surface treatment electrode or a reactant of the constituent material on the rubbing surface from the discharge energy. Is done. .
- the friction surface A which comes into contact with other members in a high-temperature environment, has a high-temperature hard material (4), a high-temperature lubricating material (6), or a high-temperature hard material (4) that has lubricity at a high temperature.
- Surface treatment of a mixture of materials (6) to be discharged (pulse discharge is generated between the electrode for discharge surface treatment and the workpiece in an electrically insulating working fluid or in air, and the discharge energy
- the material of the discharge surface treatment electrode or a reactant of the material is used to form a film on the surface of the workpiece (discharge surface treatment method), and the rubbing surface B in contact with the material is lubricated at a high temperature.
- a method for coating a rubbing part comprising subjecting a material (6) having a property to welding, thermal spraying or electric discharge surface treatment.
- the friction surface A which comes into contact with other members in a high-temperature environment, has lubricity at high temperatures with a high-temperature hard material (4), a high-temperature lubricating material (6), or a high-temperature hard material (4).
- a mixture of the material (6) is applied to the sliding surface B, which is in contact with the sliding surface A, with no coating, a high-temperature hard material (4), a high-temperature lubricating material (6), or a high-temperature hard material (4).
- a material that has lubricating properties at high temperature (6) should be subjected to a porous discharge surface treatment on the friction surface that comes into contact with other members in a high temperature environment, and the pores should be filled with a solid lubricant (7).
- a method for coating a friction surface is provided.
- the hot hard material (4) is, c BN, T i C, T i N, T i A l N, T i B 2, WC, C r 3 C 2, S i C, Z r C, VC, B 4 C, S i 3 N 4 , Z R_ ⁇ 2, a 1 2 ⁇ 3, is any or a mixture of these.
- the material (6) having lubricity at high temperature contains chromium of 10% or more and nickel of 20% or more.
- the high-temperature hard material (4), the material having lubricity at high temperature (6), or the high-temperature hard material (4) is provided on the rubbing surface that comes into contact with other members in a high-temperature environment.
- a discharge treatment electrode of a compact of a mixture of a material (6) having lubricity at a high temperature a pulse-like discharge is generated between the discharge surface and the rubbing surface, and the discharge energy is calculated from the discharge energy.
- a high-temperature member characterized by forming a film of a constituent material of a processing electrode or a reactant of the constituent material.
- lubricating at high temperature with high-temperature hard material (4), high-temperature lubricating material (6), or high-temperature hard material (4) A high-temperature component characterized in that a mixture of the material (6) is subjected to a discharge surface treatment, and a material (6) having high-temperature lubricity is welded, sprayed or subjected to a discharge surface treatment on one of the sliding surfaces. Provided.
- one of the frictional surfaces that come into contact with other members in a high-temperature environment is lubricated at high temperatures with a high-temperature hard material (4), a high-temperature lubricating material (6), or a high-temperature hard material (4).
- a mixture of the material (6) is coated on one of the rubbing surfaces with no coating, high-temperature hard material (4), high-temperature lubricious material (6), or high-temperature hard material (4) and high-temperature lubricity
- a high-temperature member is provided, which is obtained by subjecting a mixture of the material (6) having the following to a discharge surface treatment.
- a material having lubricity at a high temperature (6) is subjected to a porous discharge surface treatment on a friction surface of the high-temperature member, and the pores are filled with a solid lubricant (7). Is provided.
- Solid lubricant (7) is chromium oxide (C r 2 ⁇ 3), or a mixture of chromium oxide (C r 2 ⁇ 3) and silicon (S I_ ⁇ 2).
- a high-temperature member characterized in that after the discharge surface treatment of the material having lubricity at high temperature (6), heat treatment is performed to increase the density of the porous structure and increase the strength.
- the high-temperature hardness of the sliding surfaces A and B can be increased by subjecting the sliding surfaces A and B to the discharge surface treatment with the high-temperature hard material (4).
- a material (6) that has lubricity at high temperature on the friction surfaces A and B should be subjected to discharge surface treatment.
- the lubricating properties of the friction surfaces A and B at a high temperature can be improved.
- high-temperature hardness and high-temperature lubricity can be simultaneously improved by performing a discharge surface treatment on both of them.
- the material (6) which has lubricating properties at high temperature, is subjected to a discharge surface treatment in a porous manner, and the pores are filled with a solid lubricant (7).
- Stable lubrication can be obtained up to. Rather than being oxidized only at high temperatures to provide lubricity, the contained material itself has lubricity, so even at 70 or less, it is lubricious and hard to wear.
- the porous structure can be densely hardened by heat treatment, and even in a thick coating, the strength in the coating can be increased. it can.
- the discharge surface treatment there is a tendency to form an amorphous metal structure.
- the heat treatment crystallizes and stabilizes the structure, thereby preventing a change in dimensions during operation.
- the discharge surface treatment has the same film adhesion as welding, the dimensional accuracy and quality are stable compared to welding or spraying, and the workability is high and the cost is significantly lower, so the manufacturing cost is greatly reduced. Can be reduced.
- the discharge surface treatment can be easily applied to a narrow groove-shaped portion such as a fitting portion only by changing the electrode shape, and a strong heat and wear resistant film can be easily formed.
- the high temperature hard material (4) is, c BN, T i C, T i N, T i A l N, T i B 2, WC, C r 3 C 2, S i C, a Z r C, VC, B 4 C, either or mixtures of these S i 3 N 4, Z r 0 2, a 1 2 ⁇ 3.
- these high-temperature hard materials have extremely high Vickers hardness at room temperature and maintain high hardness even at high temperatures, so that the high-temperature hardness of the rubbing surfaces A and B of high-temperature members is significantly increased. Can be increased.
- the material having lubricity at high temperatures (6) preferably contains chromium at 10% or more and does not contain nickel at 20% or more.
- Chromium oxidizes at high temperatures to form oxides and exhibits lubricity. Therefore, the high temperature part By forming a chromium-containing coating on the frictional surfaces A and B of the material, lubricity at high temperatures can be enhanced, and the wear resistance can be increased to the same level as or more than before. High nickel content inhibits the oxidation of chromium at high temperatures.
- chromium oxide content when the chromium content is less than 10%, the chromium oxide content is small and the friction coefficient is large. If the nickel content is 20% or more, chromium oxide is not easily formed, and the friction coefficient is large. Since chromium oxide and hBN have lubricity by themselves, they exhibit lubricity even at low temperatures.
- the solid lubricant (7) filling the pores of the porous coating layer is preferably chromium oxide or a material obtained by mixing chromium oxide and silicon powder. Rather than being oxidized and exhibiting lubricity only at high temperatures, the contained material itself has lubricity, so it has lubricity even at a temperature of 700 ° C or less, and does not easily wear.
- the discharge surface treatment electrode according to the present invention generates a pulsed discharge between the discharge surface treatment electrode and the workpiece in a machining oil, From the discharge energy, the discharge surface treatment electrode used in the discharge surface treatment method for forming a film on the surface of the workpiece by using a constituent material of the discharge treatment electrode or a reactant of this constituent material,
- It is characterized by being formed by a compact of a mixture of a fine powder of a high-temperature hard material having high hardness at a high temperature and a fine powder of a high-temperature lubricant which becomes oxidized and has lubricity at a high temperature.
- ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION it formed by the discharge surface treatment method using the electrode for discharge surface treatment formed of the mixture of the high temperature hard material which has high strength at high temperature, and the high temperature lubricant which has lubricity at high temperature.
- a film is formed on the surface of the workpiece which is hardly worn even in a high temperature environment of 700 ° C. or more.
- a pulse-like discharge is generated between the discharge surface treatment electrode and the workpiece in an electrically insulating working fluid or in the air, and the discharge energy is used for the discharge surface treatment.
- the constituent material of the electrode or a reactant of the constituent material is oxidized at a high temperature to have lubricity in a discharge surface treatment electrode used in a discharge surface treatment method for forming a film on the surface of the workpiece.
- An electrode for discharging surface treatment characterized by being formed by a high-temperature lubricant is provided.
- the surface of the workpiece formed by the discharge surface treatment method using the electrode for discharge surface treatment formed of a high-temperature lubricant having lubricity at a high temperature has a temperature of 700 ° C. or more.
- a film which exhibits lubricity in a high temperature environment and is hardly worn is formed.
- the surface of the workpiece formed by the discharge surface treatment method using the electrode for discharge surface treatment including the solid lubricant itself exhibits lubricity even in a low-temperature environment of 700 ° C or less.
- a film that is not easily worn is formed.
- Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the evening bin wing with shroud viewed from the shroud side.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the shroud portion.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a fitting portion of a high-temperature portion of the turbine.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a fitting portion of the turbine nozzle.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a fitting portion of a compressor stationary blade.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a part of an aircraft gas turbine engine.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a change in the friction coefficient at a high temperature according to the Cr content.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing an increase in friction at a high temperature depending on the Ni content.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the discharge surface treatment according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram comparing the amounts of wear of the Ni system and the Co system.
- FIG. 12 is a comparison diagram of the high-temperature oxidation amount.
- FIG. 13 is a comparison diagram of the X-ray intensity of chromium oxide at a high temperature.
- FIGS. 14A and 14B show the results of X-ray diffraction.
- Figure 1 5 is a diagram showing a low friction coefficient at high temperature C r 2 ⁇ 3.
- Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of filling a porous structure with a solid lubricant.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a procedure for producing an electrode for discharge surface treatment according to the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a cross section of a molding machine for producing an electrode for discharge surface treatment.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of an apparatus for performing a discharge surface treatment.
- the method for coating the rubbing surface of a high-temperature member comprises: applying one or both of a high-temperature hard material (4) and a high-temperature lubricating material (6) to one or both of the rubbing surfaces A and B of the high-temperature member.
- the discharge surface treatment is performed. It is most preferable that both the high-temperature hard material (4) and the material (6) having lubricity at a high temperature are subjected to the discharge surface treatment on both the rubbing surfaces A and B of the high-temperature member.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the discharge surface treatment according to the present invention.
- the discharge surface treatment technique is disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-197275, entitled "Method of Surface Treatment of Metal Material by Discharge in Liquid". Oxidation prevention measures and energization ⁇ Improving the sensitivity of the static electricity discharger can be performed even in the air.
- 8 is a discharge electrode
- 9 is a working fluid
- 10 is a working tank
- 11 is a fixture
- 12 is a power supply.
- a high-temperature member is fixed to a fixture 11, and the discharge electrode 8 is opposed to the rubbing surface A (or B) of the high-temperature member.
- the working fluid 9 is filled at least to a level that sinks the rubbing surface A (or B) and a part of the discharge electrode 8.
- the power source 12 causes a discharge between the discharge electrode 8 and the rubbing surface A (or B) to coat only the rubbing surface A (or B) of the high-temperature member.
- Even in the case of a narrow groove-like portion such as the fitting portion in Fig. 3, just by setting the shape of the discharge electrode 8 so as to fit this groove, the same applies only to the rubbing surface A (or B).
- a voltage is applied to the discharge electrode 8 by applying a voltage to the high-temperature member immersed in the working fluid or air such as argon gas or nitrogen, thereby generating a pulse-like discharge on the facing surface.
- the surface of the discharge electrode 8 is peeled and melted, and the melted material is welded to the rubbing surface A (or B) of the shroud portion 3, but is most preferably performed in oil.
- the coating thickness is determined in proportion to the number of discharge pulses or the discharge treatment time. This is the most suitable coating method for precision parts such as.
- the film since the film is formed only at the place where the discharge occurs, the film can be locally formed at the place to be coated, and no pretreatment such as masking is required. Also, there is no need for post-processing such as removing excess material and securing dimensions. Since the heat input per pulse of discharge is extremely small, there is almost no thermal deformation of the blade in the evening.
- a material obtained by mixing and compression-molding a powder of the high-temperature hard material 4 and / or a material 6 having lubricity at a high temperature is used as the discharge electrode 8.
- Hot hard material 4, c BN, T i C, T i N, T i A l N, T i B 2, WC, C r 3 C 2, S i C, Z r C, VC, B 4 C, S i 3 N 4, Z r 0 2 either a of 1 2 O 3 or may be from a mixture thereof.
- T i C at operating temperature of 900 or less parts are, more 1, c BN in the following by 000, A 1 2 0 3, Z r 0 2 is preferred at higher.
- high-temperature hard materials (4) for the electrodes for the discharge surface treatment these materials become a coating and very hard fine ceramics (for example, in the case of cBN, the hardness of the powder is 4500) on the rubbing surface.
- the coating can be performed at low cost.
- the material having lubricity at high temperature (6) refers to chromium or chromium oxide, or hBN, or an alloy containing these as a main component.
- the chromium-containing material should contain at least 10% chromium and not more than 20% nickel.
- high-temperature lubricity can be improved by using a chromium-containing material as the high-temperature lubricating material (6).
- FIG. 10 is a diagram comparing the wear amounts of a Ni-based alloy containing chromium and a Co-based alloy. From this figure, in the case of the cobalt-based alloy, the wear amount decreases in a high temperature range of 700 to 900 ° C. However, it can be seen that the wear amount of the nickel-based alloy rapidly increases in the high temperature range.
- Figure 11 compares Vickers hardness at high temperatures. From this figure, it can be seen that Ni-based Inconel 7 13 L C has relatively high hardness even at high temperatures. However, it is known that Ni-based Inconel 7 13 L C is hard at high temperatures, as described later, despite its hardness.
- FIG. 12 is a comparison diagram of the amount of high-temperature oxidation.
- Inconel material contains Cr, it does not oxidize much at high temperatures and cannot form Cr 2 ⁇ 3, so it does not have low wear.
- Cr is oxidized to form Cr 2 ⁇ 3, and thus it is considered that wear is reduced.
- FIG. 13 is a comparison diagram of X-ray intensity showing the amount of chromium oxide at a high temperature.
- the oxides of the Co system increase sharply from a temperature of 700 ° C. Cobalt does not prevent chromium oxidation.
- the amount of chromium oxide does not change even when the temperature rises, and is a low value. From this, it can be seen that a large difference occurs in the amount of wear as shown in FIG. 8 depending on the presence or absence of the oxide.
- FIGS. 14A and 14B are X-ray diffraction results of the material after heating to 900 ° C.
- FIG. 14A is a Ni-based Inconel 713 LC
- FIG. 14B is a Co-based alloy (X-40). From this comparison, clearly it can be seen that not be C r 2 ⁇ 3 is N i based alloy.
- FIG. 1 5 is a view showing a friction coefficient at high temperature C r 2 0 3. From this figure, it can be seen that Cr 2 ⁇ 3 has low friction at high temperature, and the friction coefficient decreases particularly at around 300 ° C., and becomes extremely small at around 700 ° C. From C r 2 ⁇ 3 properties described above, by using a material 6 having a lubricating property at a high temperature containing chromium, it is understood that it is possible to enhance the lubricity at high temperatures. Similarly, by using a material 6 containing Cr 2 O 3 or hBN and having lubricity at high temperatures, lubricity at high temperatures can be enhanced.
- Friction surfaces A and / or B of high-temperature members are subjected to a porous discharge surface treatment with high-temperature lubricating material 6 and the pores are mixed with a solid lubricant 7 in a volatile liquid or the like and filled with brushing etc. By doing so, lubricity can be increased even at 600 ° C or lower.
- the heat treatment promotes the diffusion bonding of the tissue in the coating, thereby realizing the densification of the tissue and improvement in strength.
- the surface (A) and / or (B) of the high-temperature member is subjected to a discharge surface treatment with a material (6) having lubricity at a high temperature, and a solid lubricant (7) is mixed with a volatile liquid or the like in the pores and printed. Lubricity can be increased even at 700 ° C or less by painting or mixing with soft rubber and rubbing and filling.
- the porosity of the porous structure is preferably 10% or more.
- said solid lubricant (7) is a mixture of chromium oxide (C r 2 0 3) or acid chromium (C r 2 ⁇ 3) and silicon is used.
- Table 1 shows the test results showing the effect of the solid lubricant
- Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of filling a porous structure with the solid lubricant.
- Porous structures have low tensile strength and may peel off.
- the solution is to increase the bond strength by heating to high temperatures to promote diffusion between the particles.
- Table 2 shows the tensile strength test results.
- Tensile strength As an example, by heat-treating the discharge surface treatment layer at 1,000 ° C or more for 10 minutes or more, diffusion bonding of the tissue in the coating proceeds, and the densification of the tissue and improvement in strength are realized.
- a turbine blade will be described as an example of the high-temperature member in the present invention.
- Table 3 shows the main components of the base material of the turbine blade (Inconel 7 13 LC), the build-up material on the rubbing surface by welding, and the stellite-based lubricant, which is a coating material on the rubbing surface by electric discharge surface treatment. is there.
- the base metal has low contents of Cr and Co, but the build-up material T and the stellite-based lubricant use high contents of these.
- Overlay material T and stay Light-based lubricants correspond to materials 6 that have lubricity at high temperatures,
- Table 4 shows the hardness of cBN, which is a high-temperature hard material, and various carbides at normal temperature.
- the base material, the overlay material T and the stellite-based lubricant in Table 3 have a low Pickers hardness of about 300 to 400, and the hardness rapidly decreases at 600 ° C. or higher, and the hardness is 70 It is known that at temperatures as high as ⁇ 800 ° C, the hardness decreases to about 1Z2 at room temperature.
- Table 5 shows the test conditions for testing the wear of the friction surface for confirming the effect of the present invention, which are set to conditions close to actual jet engine operating conditions. [Table 5]
- Table 6 compares the test results, showing the test materials and the degree of wear
- the treatment number 1 is for the case of the base metal and is not applicable because of excessive wear.
- Process number 2 is a conventional example (build-up welding), which has low wear but high cost.
- the process numbers 1 and 2 are well-known examples. However, with 480, it wears significantly.
- EDC Electro Discharge Coating
- Table 6 a discharge surface treatment (EDC (Electrical Discharge Coating) in Table 6) using a hard ceramic-based material for the electrodes, and resists acid at high temperatures.
- EDC Electrode
- Cr 3 C 2 chromium carbide
- Treatment No. 4 is an example of the present invention, and is an example in which a stellite-based material having a high Cr content and having lubricity at high temperatures is applied to both surfaces by discharge surface treatment as in 3. In this case, it can be seen that the abrasion amount is greatly reduced and it is applicable.
- the upper test piece and the lower test specimen, and the discharge surface treatment Stellite-based lubricating material port one lath, chromium oxide in the pores (C r 2 ⁇ 3) or chromium oxide (C r 2 ⁇ 3) and silicon
- a solid lubricant as a mixture with a soft wrapper and rubbing and filling the mixture, lubricity can be enhanced even at a temperature of 700 ° C. or less.
- the porosity of the porous tissue is preferably 10% or more.
- a porous structure has low tensile strength and may be peeled off.
- the solution is to increase the bonding strength by heating to high temperatures to promote diffusion between the particles.
- Process No. 5 is another example of the present invention, in which a very hard Cr 3 C 2 (chromium carbide) is subjected to a discharge surface treatment on the one hand, and the other is an overlay welding of a cladding material T having lubricity at a high temperature. It was done. As a result, the amount of wear was less than or equal to that of treatment number 2, and it was found that the cost could be reduced by omitting one of the welds.
- a very hard Cr 3 C 2 chromium carbide
- Treatment No. 6-1 is another example of the present invention, and is an example in which only a hard material of cBN was applied to both surfaces by a discharge surface treatment in the same manner as in 3.
- cBN which is extremely hard without lubrication
- the amount of wear is drastically reduced and it is applicable.
- Process No. 6-2 is another example of the present invention, and is an example in which only a TiC hard material is applied to both surfaces by a discharge surface treatment in the same manner as in No. 3.
- the coefficient of friction is small and extremely hard, so the amount of wear is greatly reduced and it can be seen that it is applicable.
- TiC was oxidized at 700 ° C or higher and could not be used at high temperatures.
- high-temperature wear tests showed that The wear was small even at 000 ° C, and the high-temperature wear resistance was excellent.
- the abrasion is slightly large.
- Table 7 shows the high temperature wear of TiC.
- Process Nos. 7 and 8 are another example of the present invention, in which a mixture of a hard material having good oxidation resistance at high temperatures, such as Cr 3 C 2 and cBN, and a material having high temperature lubricity at high temperatures, including Cr, is used. This is an example in which discharge surface treatment is applied to both surfaces in the same manner as in FIGS. Process number 7 Cr 3 C 2 is hard and is abraded despite containing high temperature lubricating material. Process number 8 cBN is extremely hard and contains a high-temperature lubricating material, indicating that the amount of wear is significantly reduced and it is applicable.
- Cr is used as a material having lubricity at high temperatures in the electrode for discharge surface treatment, but a solid lubricant such as hBN may be mixed instead.
- hBN or the like is directly mixed into the electrode, it is effective for lubrication at a temperature higher than the temperature at which a normal lubricant can be used and lower than the temperature at which Cr is oxidized at a high temperature.
- a lubricating coating can be formed over a wide range from a relatively low temperature to a high temperature exceeding 700 ° C. Can be formed.
- several examples of high-temperature hard materials have been given.
- Cr 3 C 2 has the function of significantly improving the surface roughness of the formed coating film as compared with the case of using other materials. Therefore, it is desirable to use Cr 3 C 2 as a high-temperature hard material.
- Discharge surface treatment The film formed by the discharge surface treatment is formed by pulse discharge in the machining fluid, so the surface tends to be uneven, but by using Cr 3 C 2 , The surface roughness can be suppressed and the surface can be smoothed.
- the hardness of the rubbing surface can be increased by subjecting the rubbing surface to the discharge surface treatment with the high-temperature hard material (4). Further, by subjecting the friction surface to a material having lubricity at a high temperature (6) by an electric discharge surface treatment, lubrication can be enhanced at a high temperature of the friction surface. Further, by performing the discharge surface treatment on both, the hardness and the high-temperature lubricity can be simultaneously improved.
- the discharge surface treatment has the same adhesion of the film as welding, the dimensional accuracy and quality are more stable than welding or spraying, and the workability is high, so that the manufacturing cost can be significantly reduced.
- the film is formed by electric discharge, it can be easily applied to narrow grooves, such as fitting parts, only by changing the electrode shape.
- chromium and Z or chromium oxide and / or hBN which have lubricity at high temperature
- lubricating properties can be exhibited at high temperatures, and the abrasion resistance can be increased to a level equal to or higher than the conventional one.
- the method for coating the rubbing surface of a high-temperature member and the high-temperature member of the present invention have little wear even when rubbing while receiving a high surface pressure at a high temperature, and the film has good adhesion and dimensions. It has the excellent effects of improving the accuracy and workability, and enabling the automation of the treatment by the discharge because it is controlled by the NC.
- preferred embodiments of the discharge surface treatment electrode according to the present invention will be described in detail.
- the invention is characterized in that the coating formed on the surface of the workpiece by the discharge surface treatment method uses an electrode material having high strength and lubricity even in a high-temperature environment.
- an electrode material having high strength and lubricity even in a high-temperature environment.
- the electrode material is formed by mixing with a high-temperature lubricant having lubrication performance.
- FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a method for producing an electrode for discharge surface treatment according to the present invention.
- a mixture of cBN and stellite powder weighed so as to have a weight ratio of 1: 4 is mixed (step S 1), put into a mold having a predetermined shape (die), and then compression-molded.
- Step S 2 Obtain a compact (Step S 2).
- Stellite is an alloy containing Co and Cr as main components and several other components.
- the particle size of cBN was 2 to 4 zm, and the stellite was 1 to 3 m.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional shape of a molding machine used for compression molding.
- the lower punch 104 is inserted from the lower part of the hole formed in the mold (die) 105 into the space formed by the lower punch 104 and the mold (die) 105.
- a mixture of the mixed cBN powder 101 and stellite powder 102 is filled.
- the upper punch 103 is inserted from above the hole formed in the mold (die) 105.
- the molding machine filled with the mixture of the cBN powder and the stellite powder is compression-molded with a press or the like so that pressure is applied from both sides of the upper punch 103 and the lower punch 104.
- An electrode for discharge surface treatment is produced. If necessary, the compression-molded compact can be subjected to a heat treatment (step S3). By performing the heat treatment, the strength of the compression-molded electrode can be increased.
- a mixture may be mixed. If the wax is mixed with the powder and then compression-molded, the compactability of the green compact is improved. However, since wax is an insulating substance, if it remains in the electrode in a large amount, the electrical resistance of the electrode will increase and the discharge performance will deteriorate, so it is necessary to remove the wax.
- a method for removing the pits there is a method in which a green compacted electrode containing wax is placed in a vacuum furnace and heated. Thereby, the wax in the compact is removed. This method of heating in a vacuum furnace corresponds to the above-described step S3, and as described above, the strength of the electrode is increased by heating.
- FIG. 19 is a block diagram schematically showing an apparatus for performing the discharge surface treatment method according to the present invention. It is a lock figure.
- the electric discharge surface treatment apparatus has an electric discharge surface treatment electrode 21, a machining tank 24, a machining fluid 25, a resistor 26, a power supply 27, a switching element 28, and a control circuit 29.
- the processing tank 24 is filled with a processing liquid 25 mainly composed of insulating oil or water, and a workpiece 22 on which a film is to be formed is placed.
- the discharge surface treatment electrode 21 is an electrode produced in the step of FIG. 14 described above, and is disposed facing the upper part of the workpiece 22.
- the discharge surface treatment electrode 21 and the workpiece 22 are connected via a resistor 26, a power supply 27 and a switching element 28.
- the switching element 28 switches the voltage and current applied to the discharge surface treatment electrode 21 and the workpiece 22.
- the switching element 28 includes an on / off switching element 28. Is connected to the control circuit 29.
- a drive mechanism is provided in the discharge surface treatment electrode 21 and the processing tank 24 in order to control the position of the film formed on the surface of the workpiece 22.
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2484285A CA2484285C (en) | 2002-09-24 | 2003-09-22 | Method for coating sliding surface of high temperature member, and high-temperature member and electrode for electric-discharge surface treatment |
| JP2005501949A JP4307444B2 (ja) | 2002-09-24 | 2003-09-22 | 高温部材の擦動面のコーティング方法および高温部材と放電表面処理用電極 |
| CNB038096110A CN100360712C (zh) | 2002-09-24 | 2003-09-22 | 高温构件的擦动面的涂覆方法及高温构件和放电表面处理用电极 |
| EP03798445.7A EP1544321B1 (en) | 2002-09-24 | 2003-09-22 | Method for coating sliding surface of high temperature member |
| KR1020047017186A KR101063575B1 (ko) | 2002-09-24 | 2003-09-22 | 고온부재의 슬라이딩면 코팅 방법 및 고온부재와 방전표면 처리용 전극 |
| US10/976,234 US9187831B2 (en) | 2002-09-24 | 2004-10-29 | Method for coating sliding surface of high-temperature member, high-temperature member and electrode for electro-discharge surface treatment |
| US12/558,950 US9284647B2 (en) | 2002-09-24 | 2009-09-14 | Method for coating sliding surface of high-temperature member, high-temperature member and electrode for electro-discharge surface treatment |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002276860 | 2002-09-24 | ||
| JP2002-276860 | 2002-09-24 | ||
| JP2002295963 | 2002-10-09 | ||
| JP2002-295963 | 2002-10-09 |
Related Child Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| US10/976,234 Continuation US9187831B2 (en) | 2002-09-24 | 2004-10-29 | Method for coating sliding surface of high-temperature member, high-temperature member and electrode for electro-discharge surface treatment |
| US10/976,234 Continuation-In-Part US9187831B2 (en) | 2002-09-24 | 2004-10-29 | Method for coating sliding surface of high-temperature member, high-temperature member and electrode for electro-discharge surface treatment |
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| WO2004029329A1 true WO2004029329A1 (ja) | 2004-04-08 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2003/012088 Ceased WO2004029329A1 (ja) | 2002-09-24 | 2003-09-22 | 高温部材の擦動面のコーティング方法および高温部材と放電表面処理用電極 |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9187831B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1544321B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4307444B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101063575B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN100360712C (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2484285C (ja) |
| RU (1) | RU2320775C2 (ja) |
| TW (1) | TWI240757B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2004029329A1 (ja) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1544321A4 (en) | 2011-05-04 |
| CA2484285C (en) | 2012-10-02 |
| US20060035068A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 |
| CN100360712C (zh) | 2008-01-09 |
| TWI240757B (en) | 2005-10-01 |
| CA2484285A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
| EP1544321B1 (en) | 2016-08-10 |
| RU2004131833A (ru) | 2005-05-27 |
| TW200406496A (en) | 2004-05-01 |
| KR20050055625A (ko) | 2005-06-13 |
| EP1544321A1 (en) | 2005-06-22 |
| RU2320775C2 (ru) | 2008-03-27 |
| US9187831B2 (en) | 2015-11-17 |
| JP4307444B2 (ja) | 2009-08-05 |
| KR101063575B1 (ko) | 2011-09-07 |
| CN1650047A (zh) | 2005-08-03 |
| JPWO2004029329A1 (ja) | 2006-01-26 |
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