WO2004007219A1 - 車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニット - Google Patents
車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニット Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2004007219A1 WO2004007219A1 PCT/JP2003/008977 JP0308977W WO2004007219A1 WO 2004007219 A1 WO2004007219 A1 WO 2004007219A1 JP 0308977 W JP0308977 W JP 0308977W WO 2004007219 A1 WO2004007219 A1 WO 2004007219A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- wheel
- flange
- weight
- raceway
- rolling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B27/00—Hubs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/64—Special methods of manufacture
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
- F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
- F16C19/18—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls
- F16C19/181—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact
- F16C19/183—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles
- F16C19/184—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement
- F16C19/185—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement with two raceways provided integrally on a part other than a race ring, e.g. a shaft or housing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
- F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
- F16C19/18—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls
- F16C19/181—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact
- F16C19/183—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles
- F16C19/184—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement
- F16C19/186—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement with three raceways provided integrally on parts other than race rings, e.g. third generation hubs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2326/00—Articles relating to transporting
- F16C2326/01—Parts of vehicles in general
- F16C2326/02—Wheel hubs or castors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S384/00—Bearings
- Y10S384/90—Cooling or heating
- Y10S384/913—Metallic compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
- Y10T29/49643—Rotary bearing
- Y10T29/49679—Anti-friction bearing or component thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an improvement in a rolling bearing unit for a wheel for rotatably supporting a wheel of an automobile with respect to a suspension device, and in particular, to a flange on a peripheral surface for connecting and fixing a part of the wheel or the suspension device.
- a rolling bearing unit for a wheel including an inner member (also referred to as an inner ring) or an outer member (also referred to as an outer ring) having a hardened layer formed on at least a raceway portion (an inner raceway or an outer raceway) by high-frequency quenching.
- a wheel supporting rolling unit for rotatably supporting a vehicle wheel with respect to a suspension device includes an inner member having an inner raceway on an outer peripheral surface (for example, a rotating wheel, an eight wheel) and an inner peripheral surface.
- An outer member for example, a stationary wheel
- rolling bearing units for supporting a wheel having a complicated shape which are provided with flanges for connecting and fixing a part of a wheel or a suspension on the peripheral surface of the inner member and the outer member. It is used.
- through holes are formed at a plurality of positions in the circumferential direction of the flange, through which slide ports are inserted for fixing and fixing a part of a wheel or a suspension device.
- the member provided with the flange is the inner member and the outer member constituting the general rolling bearing. It has a more complicated shape than the other members. For this reason, in consideration of ensuring hot forgeability, machinability, and drilling workability, the member provided with the flange is made of medium carbon steel such as S53C, and the inner ring raceway or outer ring.
- a track having a hardened layer formed by induction hardening on a track and a peripheral portion of the track is used.
- a rolling bearing unit 1 for wheel support as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is widely used in order to rotatably support wheels of an automobile with respect to a suspension device.
- the rolling bearing unit 1 for wheel support shown in FIG. 1 includes a rotating wheel (inner member), a wheel 2 and an inner ring 3, an outer ring 4 as a stationary wheel (outer member), and a plurality of rolling wheels.
- a moving object 5 is provided.
- the outer end of the outer peripheral surface of the hub wheel 2 (the term “outside in the axial direction” refers to the side that is shifted outward in the width direction when assembled to an automobile, and is the left side in FIGS. 1 and 2. The side closer to the center is called the inner side in the axial direction, and is the right side in Figures 1 and 2.
- a flange 6 for supporting wheels is formed on the side.
- a first inner raceway 7a is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate portion of the hub wheel 2, and a step portion 8 having a smaller outer diameter is formed on the inner end.
- the inner ring 3 having a second inner ring raceway 7b formed on the outer peripheral surface of the stepped portion 8 is externally fitted to form the rotating wheel.
- the inner end surface of the inner ring 3 is held down by a caulking portion 9 formed by caulking and expanding a cylindrical portion formed at the inner end portion of the hub wheel 2 outward in the diametrical direction.
- the wheel 2 is fixed at a predetermined position.
- outer ring 4 is provided with a suspension device flange 11, and a double row outer ring track 10 a, 10 b is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 4.
- a plurality of the rolling elements 5 are provided between the inner raceway 0b and the inner raceways 7a and 7b.
- the wheel-supporting rolling bearing unit 1 shown in FIG. 2 supports the wheels on the outer peripheral surface around a pair of inner rings 3 which are stationary wheels that are not fitted to the support shaft (not shown) and do not rotate.
- Hub wheel 2 which is a rotating wheel having flange 6 formed therein.
- a plurality of outer raceways 10a, 10b formed on the inner peripheral surface of the hub wheel 2 and inner raceways 7a, 7b formed on the outer peripheral surface of the inner race 3 are provided, respectively.
- Each rolling element 5 is provided.
- balls are used as the rolling elements 5, but in the case of a heavy-duty rolling bearing unit for an automobile, these rolling elements are tapered. Rollers may be used.
- the outer ring 4 which is a stationary ring, is fixed to the components with screws and supported by a suspension device.
- a pair of inner rings 3 are externally fitted and fixed to a support shaft, and each inner ring 3 as a stationary wheel is supported by a suspension device.
- the wheel is fixed to a flange 6 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the hub wheel 2 (the inner member in FIG. 1 and the outer member in FIG. 2). As a result, the wheel can be rotatably supported by the suspension device.
- the hub wheel 2 constituting the wheel supporting rolling bearing unit 1 described above is made of carbon steel for machine structure such as S53C in consideration of ensuring hot forgeability and machinability.
- a rod-shaped material cut to a predetermined length is heated to an austenite region of about 110 to 1200 by high-frequency induction heating, and then formed into a predetermined shape by hot forging. Allow to cool.
- a structure in which pro-eutectoid ferrite and pearlite are combined is obtained by the pearlite transformation that occurs between the precipitation of pro-eutectite ferrite from the austenite grain boundary and cooling to about room temperature.
- Can be Most of such a structure is used without any heat treatment such as quenching and tempering.
- a portion of the member having the flange 6 that has not been subjected to induction hardening is used in a state of being hot forged (not subjected to hardening treatment).
- a portion that is not subjected to induction hardening and used in a hot forged state is referred to as a non-heat treated portion.
- a bending stress is concentrated on a root portion on the outer surface side of the flange 6 due to a moment load applied to the wheel supporting rolling unit 1 between the suspension device and the wheel during turning or the like. Therefore, if no countermeasures are taken, damage such as cracks may occur due to metal fatigue.
- the root portion on the inner surface side of the flange 6 has a high strength due to the formation of a hardened layer by induction hardening as described above, and therefore has a higher fatigue strength than the root portion on the outer surface side. The possibility of damage such as cracks is low.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-87008 discloses that a hardened surface layer formed by induction hardening is formed at the root portion on the outer surface side of the flange similarly to the root portion on the inner surface side. It describes a structure that improves the strength of the root portion on the outer surface side of the flange.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-200314 discloses a method for securing the workability of a member (rotating member) that rotates together with a wheel during use and for improving the rolling fatigue life of a raceway having a hardened layer. It is described that this rotating member is made of an alloy steel containing more C than S 53 C and less than SU J 2 and further added with alloy components such as Si and Cr. .
- the durability ratio It is necessary to improve fatigue limit strength / tensile strength.
- the rotating wheel (wheel) side rotates while receiving a load, repeated rotational bending stress is generated at the base of the flange 6. Since the root portion of the flange 6 includes a non-tempered portion that has not been induction hardened, the fatigue strength of the non-tempered portion is also required.
- the present invention provides a flanged bearing device and a flanged bearing device capable of reducing the weight by reducing the thickness of the flange by increasing the fatigue strength of the flange without increasing the induction hardened portion.
- the purpose is to provide a manufacturing method.
- the hub wheel 2 constituting the wheel supporting rolling bearing unit 1 is made of medium carbon steel such as S53C in consideration of securing hot workability and machinability.
- a bar cut to a predetermined length is heated by high-frequency induction and formed by hot forging in an austenite range of about 110 to 1200 ° C. Manufactured. Most of them are used without quenching or tempering, but the inner ring raceway surface 7a is cut from the inner end root 12 of the wheel mounting flange 6.
- the hardened layer 13 by induction hardening is used to secure the rolling fatigue life and prevent the inner ring fitting part from fretting (the hatched area in Fig. 1). Is formed.
- the part that has not been subjected to induction hardening is used in the heat-treated state while hot forged (non-heat treated part).
- the ferrite structure is first formed by cooling after hot forging, and the rest becomes the pearlite structure. Since the two phases have different transformation temperatures, the cooling rate near the transformation point and the grain size of the austenite crystals grown during heating (sometimes referred to as old austenite crystals in relation to ferrite pearlite) Transformation behavior changes depending on the effect, and a structure with a different final ferrite pearlite fraction is obtained.
- the rolling bearing unit 1 for supporting the wheel after the inner ring 3 is fitted into the small-diameter step portion 8 of the hub wheel 2, the cylindrical portion 9 of the hub wheel 2 is fixed in order to fix the inner ring 3 and the hub wheel 2. There is a step of spreading it outward in the radial direction as shown in 1. In this process, a large load directed toward the outside in the radial direction is applied to the cylindrical portion 9 while rotating the entire rolling bearing unit 1 for wheel support. I have.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-139600 proposes a technique for suppressing the occurrence of cracks by rounding the corners of the end face of the cylindrical portion.
- Japanese Patent Publication No. 0 897 798 proposes a technique for improving the resistance to slippage by caulking from a cylinder to improve the final curved surface shape.
- an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and to provide a rolling bearing unit for supporting a wheel, in which cracking is less likely to occur during swaging. Disclosure of the invention
- the rolling bearing unit for supporting a wheel has an inner member having an inner raceway on an outer peripheral surface and an outer raceway on an inner peripheral surface, similarly to the above-described conventionally known rolling bearing unit for supporting a wheel. Rolling between outer member and these inner and outer raceways A plurality of rolling elements freely provided, and a part of a suspension device or wheels provided on a peripheral surface of at least one of the inner member and the outer member for connection and fixing. And a flange.
- a hardened layer is formed by induction hardening on a portion including at least one of the inner member and the outer member, the portion including the inner raceway or the outer raceway, at least a part of the one member (rotating member). .
- the alloy component in the alloy steel constituting at least one of the inner member and the outer member provided with the flange is provided. Optimization.
- At least one of the inner member and the outer member has 0.5 to 0.65% by weight (and 0.3 to 1.5% by weight? ⁇ 1; 1 to: 1.0% by weight of Si and 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of ⁇ r, and the content of S is suppressed to 0.035% by weight or less.
- the remainder consists of Fe and unavoidable impurities, and is made of alloy steel with an oxygen concentration of 15 ppm or less.
- the surface hardness of the inner raceway or the outer raceway on which the hardened layer is formed is Hv 650 to 780, and the inner member is And at least one of the outer member and the outer member, the surface hardness of the portion where the hardened layer is not formed is Hv 230-300.
- the content of C in the alloy steel constituting at least one of the inner member and the outer member is set to% by weight
- the content of V is set to about 2 % by weight
- Nb the content of the chi 3 wt%, when the content of T i and chi 4 wt%, 0. sO iXi -.. l 5 (X 2 + X 3 + 4) ⁇ ⁇ 0 to meet the 55
- regulate the content of C, V, Nb, and Ti are examples of the content of C in the alloy steel constituting at least one of the inner member and the outer member.
- At least one of the inner member and the outer member provided with the flange is formed by the following steps. First, a material formed into a rough shape by hot forging the alloy steel forming one of the members is subjected to a cutting process such as a turning process to adjust the surface dimensions and shape, and a stud is formed on the flange. Drill a hole through Porto Drilling for Next, after a hardened layer is formed by subjecting a predetermined portion of the material to induction hardening, a portion of the hardened layer that is to be a track portion is ground to finish the track portion. One member. In addition, the part of this one member that is not subjected to induction hardening remains in the state of the metal structure after hot forging.
- a rotational bending stress or a torsional stress is applied to the above-mentioned flange, particularly to the flange for connecting and fixing the wheel and the periphery of the flange, based on the force received from the ground by the wheel when the wheel is rotated.
- the metal structure of the one member made of medium carbon steel after hot forging has a ferrite Z-pearlite structure in which pro-eutectoid ferrite is precipitated in a network along the prior austenite crystal grain boundaries. Since the ferrite structure has a lower strength than the pearlite structure, the metal structure in which pro-eutectoid ferrite is coarsely precipitated may have a lower fatigue strength.
- the present inventors have found that, by finely dispersing and precipitating the pro-eutectoid ferrite that precipitates in a network form, the fatigue strength of the portion composed of the ferrite / pearlite structure of the above one member is reduced. It was found that it was effective for improvement.
- V, Nb, and Ti each containing one or more of them in the alloy steel constituting the one member are fine carbides or carbons in the alloy steel. It produces nitrides and has the effect of suppressing the austenite crystal grains from becoming coarse when the steel material is heated during hot forging.
- the proeutectoid ferrite in the ferrite / pearlite structure precipitates along the former austenite crystal grain boundaries, so when the austenite crystal grains become smaller, the grain boundary area increases and the precipitation site (precipitation site) of the proeutectoid ferrite Increase.
- carbides or carbonitrides of fine particles such as V, Nb, and Ti also have the effect of becoming a precipitation site for proeutectoid ferrite during cooling after hot forging. Therefore, in the case of the rolling bearing unit for wheel support of the present invention in which at least one selected from V, Nb, and Ti is added to the alloy steel constituting the one member, Since the number of precipitation sites for pro-eutectoid ferrite is dramatically increased, it is possible to obtain a metal structure in which ferrite is finely dispersed and precipitated, and to improve the fatigue strength of the flange and the non-heat-treated portion existing around the flange. Can be.
- the inner raceway or the hardened layer formed by induction hardening or The rolling fatigue life of the outer raceway can also be improved. That is, the metal structure subjected to induction hardening mainly becomes a martensitic structure, but the alloy steel used in the present invention is selected from V, Nb, and Ti 1 More than seeds are added. Therefore, fine carbides or carbonitrides can be dispersed in the martensite structure. Therefore, the wear resistance and hardness of the inner raceway or the outer raceway can be improved, and the rolling fatigue life of the inner raceway or the outer raceway can be improved.
- C is added to secure hardness after hot forging and hardness after quenching and tempering. If the content of C in the alloy steel is less than 0.5% by weight, the hardness at the time of quenching is insufficient, so that the rolling fatigue life of the inner raceway or the outer raceway is reduced. In addition, the hardness after hot forging is insufficient, so that the fatigue strength of the non-heat treated part decreases. On the other hand, if the content of C exceeds 0.65% by weight, the hardness after hot forging becomes excessive, and the machinability and drilling property decrease. Therefore, in the present invention, the content of C in the above alloy steel is restricted to 0.5% by weight or more and 0.65% by weight or less.
- Mn is added to improve the hardenability of the alloy steel. If the content of Mn in this alloy steel is less than 0.3% by weight, the hardened layer formed by induction hardening becomes thin, so that the rolling fatigue of the inner raceway or the outer raceway deteriorates. Conversely, when the content of Mn exceeds 1.5% by weight, the workability of the alloy steel is reduced. Therefore, in the present invention, the content of Mn in the alloy steel is restricted to 0.3% by weight or more and 1.5% by weight or less. Preferably, the content is set to 0.5 to 1.0% by weight in consideration of productivity during hardening, machinability, and drilling workability.
- Si is added to improve the hardenability of the above alloy steel, strengthen the martensite structure, and further improve the rolling fatigue life.
- Si is added to form a solid solution of Si in the ferrite in the non-heat-treated part and improving the strength of the ferrite tissue, it is possible to improve the fatigue strength of the non-heat-treated part. it can. If the content of Si in the above alloy steel is less than 0.1% by weight, the above-mentioned effects cannot be sufficiently exerted. Conversely, when the content of Si exceeds 1.0% by weight, the hot forgeability of the above alloy steel decreases.
- the content of Si in the above alloy steel is restricted to 0.1% by weight or more and 1.0% by weight or less.
- Cr is also added to improve the hardenability of the above alloy steel, strengthen the martensite structure after quenching, and improve the rolling fatigue life. If the Cr content in the above alloy steel is less than 0.01% by weight, not only the hardened layer formed by induction hardening becomes thinner, but also the strength of the martensite structure decreases, Rolling fatigue life is reduced. On the other hand, if the Cr content exceeds 0.5% by weight, the hot forgeability and machinability of the above alloy steels decrease. Therefore, in the present invention, the content of Cr in the alloy steel is restricted to not less than 0.01% by weight and not more than 0.5% by weight.
- MnS non-metallic inclusions
- MnS is present on the inner ring raceway or the outer raceway that has been induction hardened, this MnS becomes a starting point of peeling of the raceway surface, which reduces the rolling fatigue life.
- a hub wheel and an inner ring which are separate bodies, are combined as inner members constituting a wheel-supporting rolling bearing unit, and the ends of the hub wheel are swaged to expand the hub wheel and the inner ring. It is common to use ones that are bonded and fixed.
- the non-metallic inclusion such as A 1 2 ⁇ 3 serving as a starting point for peeling the raceway surface in ring raceway or the outer raceway among which are induction hardened are formed Therefore, the rolling fatigue life is shortened. Therefore, in order to improve the rolling fatigue life, it is preferable to lower the oxygen concentration in the alloy steel. If this oxygen concentration exceeds 15 ppm, the rolling fatigue life may be reduced. Therefore, in the present invention, the oxygen concentration in the alloy steel is restricted to 15 ppm or less.
- V, Nb, and Ti are the rolling bearing units for supporting wheels of the present invention, wherein the bending fatigue strength of the non-heat treated portion and the rolling of the inner raceway or the outer raceway having a hardened layer formed by induction hardening. It is an important component that improves fatigue life.
- V forms carbides or carbonitrides in the alloyed steel, suppresses the growth of austenite grains during hot forging, and reduces the size of prior austenite grains.
- the former austenite grain boundary becomes a precipitation site of proeutectoid ferrite which precipitates at the austenite grain boundary during cooling after hot forging.
- V when V is added to the above alloy steel, ferrite that precipitates in a network at the prior austenite grain boundaries can be divided, and the fatigue crack can be prevented from propagating through the ferrite structure. It is possible to improve the fatigue strength of the non-heat treated part having a pearlite structure.
- the carbide or carbonitride of V since the carbide or carbonitride of V is very high in hardness, if it is finely dispersed in the martensite structure of the inner or outer raceway that has been induction hardened, the wear resistance is improved and the rolling fatigue life is extended. Can be improved.
- the content of V in the above alloy steel is less than 0.01% by weight, the above-described effects are not exhibited.
- V content exceeds 0.2% by weight, hot forgeability, machinability, and grindability decrease. Therefore, in the present invention, when V is added to the above alloy steel, the content of V is set to 0.01% by weight or more. Restrict to 0.2% by weight or less.
- Nb and Ti similarly to V, they are important components that form carbides or carbonitrides in the above alloy steel and suppress the growth of prior austenite grains. Therefore, when Nb or Ti is added to the above alloy steel, the area of the prior-austenite grain boundary can be increased to increase the number of precipitation sites of pro-eutectoid ferrite. Therefore, the pro-eutectoid ferrite is finely dispersed in the non-refined part having the ferrite Z-pearlite structure, and the fatigue strength can be improved. In particular, Nb and Ti have a great effect of suppressing the growth of old austenite grains.
- the content of Nb or Ti in the above alloy steel is less than 0.01% by weight, the above-described effects cannot be exhibited. Conversely, if the content of Nb or Ti exceeds 0.15% by weight, hot forgeability, machinability, and grindability decrease. Therefore, in the present invention, when Nb or Ti is added to the above alloy steel, the content of Nb or Ti is restricted to 0.01% by weight or more and 0.15% by weight or less. . '
- the inner raceway or outer raceway receives high surface pressure from each rolling element during use, it is necessary to ensure high hardness to withstand this high surface pressure in order to secure the rolling fatigue life. .
- the surface hardness of the inner raceway or the outer raceway is less than Hv650, the hardness is insufficient and the rolling fatigue life is reduced. Conversely, if the surface hardness exceeds Hv 780, the toughness is reduced, and the impact resistance is reduced. Therefore, in the present invention, the surface hardness of the inner raceway or the outer raceway having the hardened layer formed by induction hardening is regulated to Hv650 or more and Hv780 or less.
- the fatigue strength of the flange and the non-heat-treated portion existing around the flange since the content of the alloy component in the alloy steel constituting the one member is regulated, ferrite in the metal structure is finely dispersed and precipitated, and The fatigue strength of the non-heat treated part can be improved.
- the surface hardness of the non-heat-treated portion of the one member is restricted to Hv 230 or more and Hv 300 or less. The fatigue strength of the portion can be further improved.
- the surface hardness is less than Hv230, the fatigue strength of the non-heat-treated portion becomes low. Conversely, if this surface hardness exceeds Hv300, the cutting and drilling properties of this non-heat treated part TJP2003 / 008977
- the hardness of the pit tempered portion, in which a hardened layer is not formed by induction hardening, of one of the above members is regulated to Hv 230 or more and Hv 300 or less. It is possible to secure the surface hardness of this non-heat treated part after hot forging without lowering the cutting and drilling properties of the non-heat treated part, and to ensure the fatigue strength of this non-heat treated part. it can. Further, preferably, in consideration of improving the fatigue strength of the non-heat-treated portion more stably and improving the productivity during cutting and drilling, the non-heat-treated portion is preferably used. Surface hardness of Hv 250 or more and Hv 280 or less.
- ⁇ Xl-1.5 (1. 2 + X 3 + X 4) ⁇ is a value that affects the amount of ferrite deposited.
- the value of ⁇ Xi — 1.5 ( ⁇ 2 + X 3 + X 4) ⁇ exceeds 0.55, that is, the content of C in the alloy steel is too large, and V, Nb, and T i If the content of is too small, the amount of pearlite increases and the number of ferrite precipitation sites becomes insufficient, so that the amount of precipitation of ferrite decreases. As a result, the machinability of the alloy steel is significantly reduced.
- the value of ⁇ : — 1.5 ( ⁇ 2 + ⁇ 3 + ⁇ 4 ) ⁇ is less than 0.30, that is, the content of C in the alloy steel is too small, V and Nb If the content of at least one of Ti and Ti is too large, pearlite is less likely to be generated and the number of ferrite precipitation sites increases, so that the amount of precipitation of ferrite becomes too large. As a result, the hardness of the alloy steel decreases, so that the fatigue strength of the one member decreases. If the content of at least one of V, Nb, and Ti is too large, the amount of carbides or carbonitrides of these components becomes too large, so that the machinability decreases.
- ⁇ X i -1.5 (X 2 + X 3 + X 4) ⁇ is preferably restricted to 0.30 or more and 0.55 or less. According to the preferred configuration regulated as described above, it is possible to further improve the fatigue strength while maintaining the machinability of the one member satisfactorily.
- the present invention improves the fatigue strength of the root portion without increasing the induction hardened portion, that is, without hardening the root portion on the axially outer surface side of the flange.
- the thickness of the flange can be reduced, and the weight of the rolling bearing unit for wheel support can be reduced.
- at least a portion of the rotating wheel provided with the flange is made of carbon steel containing 0.5 to 0.8% by weight of C.
- At least the surface hardness of the root portion of the rotating wheel on the axially outer surface side of the flange is 24 to 3 on a Rockwell hardness C scale (150 kg load, diamond square cone). 5.
- the hardness of the powder is 260 to 345.
- At least the root portion of the flange on the axially outer surface side of the flange has an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 0.1 to 1.1.
- the surface roughness of the root portion at least on the axially outer surface side of the flange is not more than 10 im at the maximum height Ry (more preferably 1 to 6 mRy). is there.
- the fatigue strength of the root portion on the axially outer surface side of the flange formed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating wheel is determined by quenching and hardening the root portion. It can be improved without doing. Hereinafter, this reason will be described in detail.
- the rotating wheel provided with the flange on its outer peripheral surface is manufactured by hot forging a medium carbon steel such as S53C.
- the reason for using medium-carbon steel was to consider hot forgeability and machinability.
- the inventor of the present invention fabricated a rotating wheel from such a medium carbon steel by hot forging, and then examined the hardness of the root portion on the axially outer surface side of the flange in detail. It was about 18 to 23 on C scale (HR C).
- the fatigue strength against rotational bending stress tends to increase (increase) as the hardness near the material surface increases (hardens). Therefore, it is preferable that the vicinity of the surface of the root portion on the outer side surface in the axial direction of the flange is harder.
- the surface hardness of the base portion because it with H R C 2 4 (H v 2 6 0) or more, sufficiently high fatigue strength against the rotary bending stress, the furan The thickness of the die becomes easy.
- H R C 2 4 H v 2 6 0
- the surface hardness of the root portion is less than H R C 2 4, due to low fatigue strength, it is difficult to thin sufficiently flange.
- a rolling bearing unit for supporting a wheel receives an impact load applied from a wheel when traveling on a rough road or the like. Therefore, the base of the flange is required to have impact resistance (toughness). Impact resistance is contrary to fatigue strength, and tends to decrease as the hardness of the material increases.
- the root portion on the inner surface side of the flange is close to the inner ring raceway 7a, and is also a portion where the leading edge of the seal lip of the seal ring 12 slides. For this reason, it is necessary to form a hardened layer by induction hardening in order to secure the hardness of the inner raceway 7a and to prevent wear of the root portion. Therefore, it is inevitable that the root portion of the flange has a high hardness on the inner surface side.
- the machinability on the outer surface side of the root portion of the flange is also reduced.
- the surface hardness of the root portion on the outer side in the axial direction of the flange is taken into consideration in consideration of suppressing the reduction of impact resistance and ensuring the machinability while improving the fatigue strength of the root portion.
- the surface hardness of the base portion of the axially outer side of the flange as H R C 2 4 or 3 and 5 or less, while ensuring the impact resistance and machinability, the upper Symbol root portion For improved fatigue strength.
- the surface hardness of the base portion of the axially outer side of the flange and H R C 2 6 or 3 3 or less it is preferable that the surface hardness of the base portion of the axially outer side of the flange and H R C 2 6 or 3 3 or less.
- the inventor of the present invention has observed a fatigue-based crack generated at the root of the flange due to the rotational bending stress, and as a result, it has been found that the crack is due to the surface origin.
- the occurrence of cracks due to such surface starting points can be suppressed by improving the surface roughness and alleviating local stress concentration that occurs on minute irregularities on the surface, and as a result, the fatigue strength of the relevant part is improved I do.
- the surface roughness of the root portion on the axially outer surface side of the flange is calculated by an arithmetic operation. 2003/008977
- the average roughness Ra is 1.O ⁇ m or less, or the maximum height Ry is as low as 10m or less, and the surface of this part is smoothed, so the above local stress concentration can be reduced . Further, generation of cracks due to stress concentration can be suppressed, and the fatigue strength of the root can be improved. From the viewpoint of improving the fatigue strength of this part, it is preferable that the surface roughness of the root part is lower, but the surface roughness of this part is less than 0.1 lm in arithmetic average roughness Ra and 1 in maximum height Ry. Even if it becomes less than O ⁇ m, the fatigue strength hardly improves further (the effect is saturated).
- the cost required for the surface treatment for improving the surface roughness of the above-mentioned portion is unnecessarily increased.
- the root part in order to reduce the surface roughness to less than 0.1 mRa and less than 1.0 jtimRy, the root part is polished or cut using two or more whetstones or cutting tools with different roughnesses sequentially. Need to be done, which can cause unnecessarily high processing costs.
- the surface roughness of the root portion should be set to at least 0.1 z / m for the arithmetic average roughness 1 & or at least 1. O ⁇ m for the maximum height Ry, from the viewpoint of reducing processing costs. Is preferred.
- the metal material constituting at least the portion of the rotating wheel on which the flange is provided is C to 0.5 to 0.8 weight. % Carbon steel is used.
- the amount of C contained in the carbon steel is less than 0.5% by weight, the hardness after induction hardening becomes insufficient, and the precipitation of carbides is reduced. Therefore, the rolling fatigue life of the inner ring raceway 7a and the outer ring raceway 10a, 10b) with the structure of Fig. 2 becomes insufficient. Further, it is difficult to stably secure the hardness of the root portion on the axially outer surface side of the flange. In other words, it is difficult to set the hardness of the base to a Rockwell hardness C scale of 24-35 and a Vickers hardness of 260-345. For the above reasons, the amount of C contained in the carbon steel was set to 0.5% by weight or more.
- the content of C in the carbon steel is set to 0. It is preferably at least 55% by weight. That is, C contained in carbon steel is an alloying element that greatly affects the hardness after hot forging, and if the content is 0.55% by weight or more, the above-mentioned flange of the rotating wheel can be used. To The hardness of the provided portion after working by hot forging can be increased, and the hardness of the root portion can be stably kept within the above range.
- the content of C in the carbon steel exceeds 0.8% by weight, the workability including hot forging and machinability of at least the portion of the rotating wheel provided with the flange is reduced.
- productivity is reduced and costs are increased.
- the content of C contained in the carbon steel constituting the flanged portion of the rotating wheel is 0.5% by weight or more (preferably 0.55% by weight) and 0.8% by weight. % Or less.
- a flanged bearing device capable of reducing the weight by reducing the thickness of the flange by improving the fatigue strength of the flange without increasing the induction hardened portion and a method of manufacturing the device.
- An inner member having a raceway surface on an outer surface, an outer member having a raceway surface facing the raceway surface of the inner member on the inner surface, and being disposed outside the inner member;
- a flanged bearing device comprising: a rolling element rotatably disposed between both raceway surfaces; and a flange provided on at least one of the inner member and the outer member, wherein at least the flange is provided.
- the member is made of carbon steel having a carbon content of 0.45% by weight or more and 0.65% by weight or less, and at least the area ratio of proeutectoid ferrite in the flange is 3 to 15%.
- the carbon steel has an S content of 0.003% to 0.002% by weight, and the relationship between the S content and the area ratio of the pro-eutectoid ferrite structure is 10 ⁇ (S content Amount (% by weight) X 1000 + Area ratio of proeutectoid ferrite structure (%)) ⁇ 30 is preferable.
- the area ratio of the proeutectoid ferrite structure to the S content is in a relationship of 1 ⁇ (S content (% by weight) XI 000) / area ratio of the proeutectoid ferrite structure (%) ⁇ 2. Power is preferred.
- the area ratio of pro-eutectoid ferrite per unit area (10 mm 2 ) of the root at the outer side in the thickness direction of the flange is 3 to 15%, and the maximum length of the pro-eutectoid ferrite is 200 m or less.
- the number of proeutectoid ferrites having a length of 180 m or more is 5 or less.
- the member provided with the flange preferably contains V (vanadium) in an amount of 0.05 to 0.3% by weight.
- the present invention it is effective to uniformly refine the metal structure after hot forging in order to improve the rotational bending fatigue strength of the non-heat treated part that has not been subjected to induction hardening. It is based on the knowledge that the object can be achieved by optimizing the method, wherein a plurality of rolling elements are disposed between an inner member and an outer member, and the inner member and At least one of the outer members has a flange for attachment to a fixed side or a rotating side, and a method of manufacturing a flanged bearing device having a hardened layer by high-frequency quenching at least around a track portion.
- the members provided with the flanges are as follows: C: 0.45 to 0.65% by weight, Mn: 0.3 to 1.5% by weight, Si: 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, Cr: 0. 01 ⁇ 0.5wt%, S ⁇ 0.025wt%, 0 ⁇ 15ppm, balance Fe
- the material heating temperature during the hot forging is 900 to 1050 ° C
- the temperature at the end of forging is 800 ° C or more. It is preferable to set the average cooling rate from the temperature at the end of the forging to 600 ° C. to 0.5 to 5 for Z seconds.
- a plurality of rolling elements are disposed between the inner member and the outer member, and a flange is provided on at least one of the inner member and the outer member for attaching to a fixed side or a rotating side.
- at least the member provided with the flange is provided with: C: 0.45 to 0.65% by weight, Mn: 0.3 ⁇ 1.5% by weight, Si: 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, Cr: 0.01 to 0.5% by weight, S ⁇ 0.025% by weight, ⁇ 15 ppm, balance Fe
- the material heating temperature during the hot forging is 900 to 1050 ° C, averaged from the temperature at the end of forging to 600 ° C. Set the cooling temperature to 0.5 to 5 ° C / sec.
- At least one of V: 0.01 to 0.2% by weight, Nb: 0.01 to 0.15% by weight and D 1: 0.01 to 0.15% by weight is contained. It is preferred to use alloy steel.
- a plurality of rolling elements are disposed between an inner member and an outer member, and the rolling member is fixed to at least one of the inner member and the outer member. Or, it has a flange for mounting on the rotating side, has a hardened layer by induction hardening at least around the raceway portion, and the metal structure at the root of the flange includes a ferrite-pearlite structure; The prior austenite grain size of one-lite structure is 4 or more.
- Such an invention optimizes the alloying elements, that is, reduces the C contained in the steel and adds Si and V at a predetermined ratio to reduce the rolling fatigue life of the orbital part subjected to induction hardening. At the same time, to improve the cutting and drilling workability to enable high-precision machining without lowering the productivity, the fatigue strength of the non-tempered part that has not been subjected to high frequency quenching is also improved.
- a plurality of rolling elements are disposed between the inner member and the outer member, and the vehicle body is mounted on at least one of the inner member and the outer member.
- the value of i + 0.5V satisfies 0.55-0.75
- the surface hardness of the raceway part of the hardened layer by the induction hardening is Hv 630 to ⁇ 750, and the part not hardened by the induction hardening Has a hardness of Hv 220 to Hv 300.
- the area ratio of pro-eutectoid ferrite in the non-heat-treated part at the base of the flange attached to the wheel side is at least 5% and at most 15%.
- the inner member is a hub wheel, and a wheel mounting flange as the flange is disposed at one end of the hub wheel.
- the inner ring is fitted into the small-diameter step formed at the other end of the ring, and the track surface is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring and the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate portion in the axial direction of the hub wheel to form a double row inner ring raceway surface.
- the outer member is an outer ring, A double-row outer raceway surface corresponding to the double-row inner raceway surface is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the wheel, and a suspension mounting flange is provided at an end of the outer race that is separated from the wheel mounting flange.
- a plurality of the rolling elements are rotatably disposed between the double-row inner raceway surface and the double-row outer raceway surface.
- the track portion provided on the peripheral surface has a hardened layer formed by induction hardening, and the hardness at a position 0.1 mm deep from the surface of the hardened layer is Hv670 or more,
- the grain size of the prior austenite crystal having the metal structure of the hardened layer is 8 or more as a grain size number according to JISG 0551.
- a hardened layer is formed on the raceway portion by induction hardening, and a portion at a depth of 0.1 mm from the surface of the hardened layer is formed. Since the hardness is set to Hv670 or more, it is possible to reduce the durability of the raceway portion based on the above-mentioned shear stress. In other words, by sufficiently hardening the above-mentioned portion (Hv 670 or more), the amount of elastic deformation of the above-mentioned raceway portion based on the compressive stress applied from each of the rolling elements can be reduced, and the shearing stress applied to this raceway portion Can be kept small. If the hardness at the depth of 0.1 mm is less than Hv670, the shear stress cannot be reduced sufficiently, and sufficient durability cannot always be obtained.
- the reason that the hardness of the 21 layer is defined as the hardness at the position of 0.1 mm depth from the surface is that the shear stress acting on the metal material that composes the bearing ring is based on the compressive stress described above. This is because the portion slightly inside from this surface is higher.
- the member provided with the flange is made of steel containing C in an amount of 0.45 to 0.60% by weight. I do.
- the content of C in the steel is less than 0.45% by weight, the hardness of the raceway portion is sufficiently high (Hv670) even if induction hardening is applied to the raceway portion of the above member.
- Hv670 the hardness of the raceway portion is sufficiently high (Hv670) even if induction hardening is applied to the raceway portion of the above member.
- the content of C in the steel exceeds 0.6% by weight, the hot forgeability and the machinability of the member provided with the flange are reduced.
- the content of C in the steel material constituting the member having the flange is set to 0.45 to 0.60% by weight.
- the content of C in steel constituting a member having no flange may exceed 0.6% by weight.
- a member without the flange may be made of high carbon chromium bearing steel such as SUJ2.
- the grain size of the old austenite crystal in the hardened layer of the raceway portion of the member provided with the flange is set to be 8 or more by the grain size number according to JISG 0551. Therefore, a decrease in durability due to a tensile stress caused by a bending stress applied from the flange can be suppressed.
- the above-mentioned raceway portion has a martensitic structure by heat treatment including induction hardening and tempering, but when tensile stress acts on the metal material, stress concentration occurs at the former austenite grain boundary. . If the stress concentration of the tensile stress occurs in addition to the shear stress repeatedly applied from the rolling elements to the raceway portion, a fatigue crack is easily opened during the progress of rolling fatigue, and the rolling fatigue of the raceway portion is increased. The life is shortened.
- the grain size of the former austenite crystal in the hardened layer of the part is subdivided into 8 or more by the grain size number according to JISG 0551. For this reason, the stress concentration occurring at the grain boundaries of the old austenite crystal is relaxed, and during the progress of the rolling fatigue, the fatigue crack is less likely to be opened, so that the rolling fatigue life of the raceway portion can be improved.
- the grain size of the old austenite crystal is large and the grain size number according to JISG 0551 is less than 8
- the effect of relaxing the stress concentration on the grain boundary of the old austenite is small. The effect of suppressing a reduction in the rolling fatigue life of the track portion cannot be obtained sufficiently.
- the member provided with the flange incorporated in the rolling bearing unit for supporting a wheel of the present invention is formed by hot forging, cut, and then subjected to induction hardening at a necessary portion including a track portion.
- induction hardening if the grain size of the old austenite crystal after hot forging is large, the grain size of the old austenite crystal after induction hardening tends to be large. Therefore, in order to reduce the grain size of the former austenite crystal after induction hardening, it is effective to reduce the grain size of the former austenite crystal after hot forging.
- the metallic structure becomes an austenitic structure.
- the heating temperature of the hot forging is 900 to 110 ° C.
- the method (1) suppresses an increase in the grain size of old austenite crystals during induction hardening. That is, the metal structure becomes an austenite structure when heated and maintained during the induction hardening. In this case, as the heating temperature is increased, the diffusion of atoms becomes more active, and the crystal grains grow more easily, and the crystal size of the former ostelite becomes larger. In addition, the longer the heating time, the more the crystal grains grow, so that the grain size of the old austenite crystal also increases. Therefore, in order to reduce the crystal grain size of the prior austenite, it is effective to reduce the heating holding temperature or shorten the heating holding time during induction hardening for hardening the orbital portion. .
- the method (3) described above suppresses the growth of the former austenite crystal grains during hot forging and induction hardening, thereby suppressing the former austenite crystal grains from increasing in size. It is. Therefore, one or more selected from V, Ti, and Nb are added to the metal material constituting the member having the flange.
- V forms carbides or carbonitrides in the steel, suppresses the growth of old austenite grains during hot forging and high-frequency quenching, and reduces the grain size of old austenite crystals. To reduce the stress concentration occurring at the crystal grain boundaries and contribute to the improvement of the rolling fatigue life of the above-mentioned orbital portion.
- V carbide or carbonitride since V carbide or carbonitride has extremely high hardness, if it is finely dispersed in the martensite structure of the induction hardened raceway, the wear resistance is improved and the rolling fatigue life is improved. effective.
- the V content is less than 0.01% by weight, these effects cannot be sufficiently obtained.
- the V content exceeds 0.2% by weight, hot forgeability, machinability, and grindability decrease. Therefore, when V is contained in the metal material, the content is preferably set to 0.01 to 0.2% by weight.
- NbfcV carbides or carbonitrides are formed in steel, Suppresses the growth of knight grain crystals, reduces the grain size of former austenite crystals, alleviates stress concentration at the crystal grain boundaries, and contributes to an improvement in the rolling fatigue life of the orbital portions.
- the Nb content is less than 0.01% by weight, such effects cannot be sufficiently obtained.
- the Nb content exceeds 0.15% by weight, hot forgeability, machinability, and grindability decrease. Therefore, when Nb is contained in the metal material, the content is preferably 0.01 to 0.15% by weight.
- Ti like V and Nb, forms carbides or carbonitrides in the steel, suppresses the growth of old austenite crystals, reduces the stress concentration generated at the crystal grain boundaries, and Contributes to the improvement of rolling fatigue life.
- the content of Ti is less than 0.01% by weight, such effects cannot be sufficiently obtained.
- the Ti content exceeds 0.15% by weight, hot forgeability, machinability, and grindability decrease. Therefore, when Ti is contained in the above metal material, the content is preferably set to 0.01 to 0.15% by weight.
- the following elements may be appropriately contained in steel constituting the member having the flange.
- the amount of Mn contained in the steel is preferably set to 0.3 to 1.5% by weight.
- Si improves the hardenability and strengthens martensite by containing Si, which not only improves the rolling fatigue life of the above-mentioned raceway portion, but also forms a solid solution with the ferrite in the non-heat-treated portion, thereby increasing the ferrite structure.
- the content is less than 0.1% by weight, these effects cannot be sufficiently obtained.
- the content exceeds 1.0% by weight, not only the hot forgeability is reduced but also the decarburization after forging becomes large, and the forging is performed without performing the cutting after the hot forging.
- the fatigue strength of the parts used on the surface of the steel is reduced. Therefore, preferably, the amount of Si contained in the steel is 0.1 to 1.0% by weight.
- Cr is preferably contained to improve the hardenability, to strengthen the martensite structure after quenching, and to improve the rolling fatigue life of the raceway portion.
- the content is less than 0.01% by weight, the thickness of the hardened layer formed on the raceway portion due to induction hardening cannot be sufficiently secured (the hardened layer becomes shallower).
- the strength of the martensite structure is reduced, so that the rolling fatigue life of the above-mentioned raceway portion cannot be sufficiently ensured.
- the amount of Cr contained in the steel is 0.01 to 0.5% by weight.
- S forms a non-metallic interposed part such as MnS in steel.
- MnS existing in the induction hardened track part becomes the starting point of peeling due to rolling fatigue, and reduces the rolling fatigue life of this track part. Therefore, it is preferable that the content of S in the steel be small (close to 0 as much as possible). If the S content in the steel exceeds 0.035% by weight, the rolling fatigue life of the above-mentioned raceway portion may be significantly reduced. Therefore, the content of S in the steel is preferably set to 0.035% by weight or less. Further, in consideration of ensuring a stable rolling fatigue life and preventing cracking of the swaged portion 9, the S content is more preferably set to be 0.020% by weight or less.
- O is an element that greatly affects the rolling fatigue of the induction hardened raceway. That is, ⁇ forms non-metallic inclusions of such A 1 2 Oa in the steel becomes a starting point of peeling due to rolling fatigue, Ru reduce the rolling fatigue life of the raceway portion. Therefore, in order to secure the rolling fatigue life of the orbital portion, it is preferable that the content of ⁇ is small (close to 0 as much as possible). If the O content exceeds 15 ppm, the above-mentioned rolling fatigue life may be reduced. Therefore, the ⁇ content is preferably 15 ppm or less.
- the rotating wheel constituting the rolling bearing unit is made of carbon steel containing 0.45 to 0.65% by weight of C (carbon). And among these rotating wheels, at least the axial direction of the flange The root portion on the outer side is made of pro-eutectoid ferrite having a prior austenite grain size of 4 or more and an area ratio of 3 to 15%.
- the above-mentioned prior austenite grain size which was defined in JISG 0 5 5 1, in the area of 1 mm 2, in the case where 2 3 + n of crystal grains present, the grain size of the partial n And
- the rotating wheel is formed at least once on an intermediate material formed into a predetermined shape by subjecting a carbon steel material to hot forging or cutting. Heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 750 to 100 C and then cooled at a rate lower than the critical cooling rate.
- the fatigue strength of the root portion on the axially outer surface side of the flange formed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating wheel is determined by quenching the root portion. It can be improved without curing. Hereinafter, the reason will be described.
- the root portion of the austenitic crystal grain according to JISG 0551 is 4 against fatigue cracks generated at the root of the flange by such a mechanism.
- the fatigue strength of the root portion can be improved by using proeutectoid ferrite having an area ratio of 3 to 15% or more.
- proeutectoid ferrite having an area ratio of 3 to 15% or more.
- the rotating wheel having a flange formed on the outer peripheral surface is made of a rod-shaped material made of medium carbon steel such as S53C and cut to a predetermined length. It is made by forging the steel into a predetermined shape, and then allowed to cool.
- the following methods (1) to (3) can be adopted as methods for refining (decreasing the particle size) the old austenite grains of the rotating wheel manufactured as described above after forging.
- Austenite grains grow more easily (higher grain size) at higher temperatures where atom diffusion is active, and the finer (smaller grain size) the greater the degree of work.
- the temperature at the time of forging is suppressed low in order to make the old austenite crystal grain size fine.
- Nb is preferable as an element added to the alloy, as described later.
- the structure in the intermediate material becomes a composite structure of proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite.
- the microstructure in the intermediate material becomes a uniform and fine overall composite structure of pro-eutectoid ferrite and pearlite.
- cutting may be performed instead of hot forging. In this case, however, it is effective to perform the above heat treatment.
- the microstructure can be controlled by subjecting the intermediate material that has been hot forged or cut to the above-described heat treatment.
- the reason for setting the reheating temperature in the above heat treatment to 750 to 100 ° C. is as follows. First, when the temperature is lower than 75 ° C, austenite cannot be completely formed, so that the microstructure cannot be made uniform. On the other hand, when the temperature exceeds 100 ° C., austenite crystal grains grow during holding in the austenite region, and sufficient proeutectoid ferrite cannot be obtained. A uniform and fine composite structure of proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite cannot be obtained. In order to improve the machinability during finishing, it is preferable to increase the area ratio of the proeutectoid ferrite (for example, to 10% or more) as described later. In order to set the area ratio to 10% or more, it is preferable to control the temperature of the heat treatment to be in a range of 750 to 900 ° C.
- Such heat treatment is also effective for making the grain size of the intermediate material uniform.
- the amount of processing varies greatly depending on the location of the material. For this reason, it is inevitable that the variation in the crystal grain size of the intermediate material obtained by subjecting the material to the hot forging described above increases to some extent without the heat treatment.
- configure a rotating wheel Although the five parts have a large amount of processing as a whole, the amount of addition at the parts deviating from this flange part is relatively small.
- the austenite grain size and the distribution state of proeutectoid ferrite are difficult to be uniform.
- the hardness varies, and cracks tend to occur from the weakest part in the structure, and the fatigue strength is reduced. Lower.
- the microstructure is once transformed into austenite by the reheating, and a relatively uniform grain size distribution is obtained.
- a fine and uniform proeutectoid ferrite Z parlite composite structure can be obtained after cooling.
- variation in hardness can be minimized and fatigue strength can be improved.
- making the composite structure of pro-eutectoid ferrite / pearlite uniform as described above not only increases the machinability and fatigue strength, but also the induction hardening on the inner surface side of the raceway surface and the root of the flange. It is also effective in improving the quality.
- the area ratio (3 to 15%) of pro-eutectoid ferrite constituting the root of the flange is regulated from the viewpoint of achieving both machinability and fatigue strength.
- Proeutectoid ferrite present on the grain boundaries of monostenite serves as a starting point for cracking, so that the area ratio is preferably low from the viewpoint of improving fatigue strength.
- some proeutectoid ferrite is also required. Taking these factors into consideration, it is necessary to regulate the area ratio in the range of 3 to 15% from the viewpoint of achieving both machinability and fatigue strength.
- the pro-eutectoid ferrite area ratio is less than 3%, the machinability deteriorates, and if it exceeds 15%, it becomes impossible to secure sufficient fatigue strength at the root.
- the area ratio of the above-mentioned proeutectoid ferrite increases as the crystal grain size of the forged austenitic crystal is smaller and the cooling rate is lower.
- the temperature of the heat treatment (baking-in) is set to 750 to 900 ° C. and the area ratio is set to 10% or more (but not more than 15%), the surface for improving the machinability is improved. Is preferred.
- C is set to 0.45 to 0.65% by weight (preferably 0.50 to 0.65% by weight).
- It is preferably made of carbon steel containing 0.02 to 0.30% by weight of Nb.
- C is added to secure the hardness of the raceway surface formed on the peripheral surface of the rotating wheel and the root portion of the flange, and to secure the rolling fatigue life of the raceway surface and the fatigue strength of the root portion.
- the content of C is less than 0.50%, the hardness of the raceway surface and the root portion does not become sufficiently high even if heat treatment such as induction hardening is performed.
- the rolling fatigue life of the above-mentioned raceway surface portion which comes into rolling contact with rolling elements repeatedly, is shortened.
- the durability required for practical use is secured depending on the specifications of the rolling bearing unit for supporting wheels. it can.
- the rolling fatigue life of the raceway surface it may be necessary to reduce the radius of curvature of the cross-sectional shape of the raceway surface (closer to the radius of curvature of the ball rolling surface), or to use a tapered roller as the rolling element. Conceivable. In such a case, the contact pressure acting on the rolling contact portion becomes relatively low, so that the rolling fatigue life can be ensured even when the C content is about 0.45 to 0.50%.
- the content of C described above is 0.45 to less. Even at about 0.5%, the required fatigue strength can be secured.
- C is added in an amount exceeding 0.65% by weight, not only the rolling fatigue life and the fatigue strength cannot be improved any more, but also the area ratio of proeutectoid ferrite decreases, and the machinability decreases. Problems such as aggravation.
- the content of C is regulated within the range of 0.45 to 0.65% by weight (preferably 0.50 to 0.65% by weight).
- Nb precipitates as carbides in the steel, and suppresses the growth of old austenite grains during forging, and has the function of making old austenite crystal grains fine. That is, it is added to improve the fatigue strength at the root of the flange by making the austenite crystal grains fine. If the Nb content is less than 0.02% by weight, the austenite crystal grains cannot be sufficiently refined as described above. On the other hand, if Nb is added in excess of 0.3% by weight, not only is it difficult to obtain further fineness, but it also causes an increase in cost, and also reduces the machinability after forging. Therefore, when adding Nb, its content is restricted to the range of 0.02 to 0.3% by weight.
- the rolling bearing unit for supporting a wheel of the present invention only the microstructure of the root portion on the axially outer surface side of the flange formed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating wheel is controlled, and the fatigue of the root portion is reduced. Strength can be improved. In this case, the above-mentioned fatigue strength can be improved while suppressing an increase in cost compared to the case of using the current material, and without requiring a change in design specifications such as changing the shape and dimensions of the rotating wheel.
- a wheel-supporting rolling bearing unit includes an inner ring, an outer ring, a plurality of rolling elements rotatably disposed between the inner ring and the outer ring, and A steel hub wheel integrally fixed by caulking, wherein the steel is defined by the following formula in addition to containing manganese and 0.45 to 0.65% by mass of carbon.
- the manganese segregation degree is 0.6 or less when the manganese content [MnO] is 0.5% by mass or more, and (2) when the manganese content [MnO] is less than 0.5% by mass. 8-2 X [MnO]) Z 3 or less.
- Manganese segregation degree ([Mn] — [MnO]) / [MnO]
- [Mn] is the maximum manganese concentration of the steel, and its unit is mass%.
- the material has a vertical and striped structure developed in the longitudinal direction by hot forging.
- the cylindrical portion is swaged and spread, it is pushed out in both the longitudinal direction and the circumferential direction, so that a vertical force acts on the striped structure. Therefore, the material properties of the part where the pearlite structure is connected and the part where the ferrite structure is connected are different, and uniform ductility of the material is not obtained, and the deformability is extremely reduced locally, and cracks are generated on the surface of the swaged part It is easier to do.
- MnS in steel is a soft inclusion and therefore has the effect of improving machinability.
- tensile stress is applied in the vertical direction, cracks are generated starting from MnS, and the material is weak.
- the amount of MnS precipitated is usually determined by the S concentration, but its distribution varies greatly depending on the forging ratio and the segregation state of Mn. The problem could not be solved, and it was concluded that it was important to control the segregation of Mn, which determines the size and distribution of the deposited MnS.
- the interface between MnS and austenite becomes a nucleation site for proeutectoid ferrite during cooling after forging.
- a structure in which MnS is present in the ferrite is likely to be formed.
- a void is formed at the interface at the time of cold deformation, and the elongation and the deterioration of the drawing value increase. Therefore, in order to improve the caulking property, it is necessary to minimize the interface between ferrite and MnS.
- the ferrite precipitation behavior on MnS is related to the cooling rate after forging, and when the cooling rate is slow, the amount of pro-eutectoid ferrite grown with MnS as a nucleus tends to increase.
- the cooling rate when the cooling rate is high, the growth of ferrite starting from MnS and the formation of a heterogeneous structure caused by Mn segregation tend to be suppressed. In other words, it is preferable to increase the cooling rate within a range that does not deteriorate the machinability, or to suppress the precipitation of coarse MnS itself.
- the segregation of the alloy elements largely depends on the cooling rate at the time of solidification after fabrication. As with high carbon chromium bearing steels, hot-working followed by soaking at high temperatures (soaking) reduces striped segregation. On the other hand, medium carbon steel with a relatively low Cr content is not soaked because no giant eutectic carbides are formed, and consequently the concentration of alloying elements is notable. .
- the Mn segregation degree defined by the above equation exceeds 0.6 when the Mn content is 0.5% by mass or more, a band-like non-uniform structure generated in the swaged portion is remarkable. You. Furthermore, since the Mn content increases in the area where Mn is concentrated, the elongation and the aperture value deteriorate as a result, and cracking during caulking tends to occur. In order to make such problems less likely to occur, it is more preferable that the Mn segregation degree when the Mn content is 0.5% by mass or more is 0.4 or less. This is because the development of the striped structure is further suppressed and the elongation and the aperture value are improved.
- the maximum manganese concentration in the present invention means the Mn concentration in the portion where Mn is most concentrated in steel in which Mn is segregated.
- Mn segregation of the material is reduced as much as possible to (1) avoid the formation of a stripe structure of ferrite Z-pearlite, reduce the amount of MnS precipitated, and reduce the heterogeneous structure that grows using it as a nucleus. By avoiding them, the elongation of the material and the aperture value can be improved. This makes it possible to obtain a rolling bearing unit for supporting a wheel, which is less likely to crack even when subjected to large cold deformation due to caulking and has excellent caulking properties.
- the content of carbon in the steel must be 0.45 to 0.65% by mass. You. If the amount is less than 0.45% by mass, there is a problem that it is difficult to impart sufficient hardness to the rolling portion. If the amount exceeds 0.65% by mass, the machinability of the steel is remarkably deteriorated. There's a problem.
- FIG. 1 is a half sectional view showing an example of a rolling bearing unit for supporting a wheel, which is an object of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a half sectional view showing another example of the rolling bearing unit for supporting a wheel, which is an object of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing two examples of the surface shape of the root portion on the axially outer side of the flange.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the surface roughness of the root portion on the outer side surface in the axial direction of the flange and the durable life obtained by an experiment in the example of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of intersections of crystal grain boundaries.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the amount of S (% by weight) X I 0 00 + area ratio (%) and tool life.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the S content (% by weight) ⁇ ⁇ area ratio (%) and the fatigue strength.
- Fig. 8 is a micrograph of binarized microstructure in the visual field and only pro-eutectoid ferrite grains were extracted.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a wheel supporting rolling bearing unit as a test device used in the example.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the relationship between the material heating temperature during forging (heating holding temperature) and the endurance load in the rotation test.
- FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between the average cooling rate from the end of forging and 600 ° C. to the endurable load in the rotation test.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the relationship between C + 0.2 Si + 0.5 V and the test life.
- Figure 13 shows the relationship between the grain size of the former austenite crystal and the rolling fatigue life of the orbital part. It is a graph which shows a relationship.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing test results of the durability test in the example.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the correlation between the Mn content in steel and the Mn segregation degree.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a rolling bearing unit for supporting a wheel, which is an object of the present invention.
- the wheel bearing rolling bearing unit 1 of the present example includes a hub wheel 2, an inner ring 3, an outer ring 4, and a plurality of rolling elements 5.
- the outer end of the outer peripheral surface of the hub wheel 2 (the outer side in the axial direction refers to the side that is outward in the width direction when assembled to the car, left side in Fig. 1. Conversely, This side is called the inner side in the axial direction, and the right side of Fig. 1) has a flange 6 for supporting the wheels.
- a first inner raceway 7a is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate portion of the hub wheel 2, and a step portion 8 having a smaller outer diameter is formed on the inner end.
- the stepped portion 8 is fitted with the inner ring 3 having a second inner ring raceway 7b formed on the outer peripheral surface thereof.
- a portion protruding from the inner end face of the inner ring 3 is swaged outward in the diameter direction to form a swaged portion 9, and the swaged portion 9 is formed.
- the inner end surface of the inner ring 3 is suppressed by the part 9.
- an outer peripheral surface of the outer race 4 is provided with a mounting portion 11 for coupling and fixing to a knuckle (not shown) constituting a suspension device, and an inner peripheral surface is provided with the first inner raceway 7 a.
- a plurality of the rolling elements 5 are respectively interposed between the first and second inner raceways 7a and 7b and the first and second outer raceways 10a and 10b. It is provided movably.
- the hub wheel 2 and the inner ring 3 correspond to an inner member
- the outer ring 4 corresponds to an outer member.
- the hub wheel 2 has 0.5% to 0.65% by weight of ⁇ , 0.3% to 1.5% by weight of 1 ⁇ 11, 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of Si and 0.01 to 0.5% by weight of (: r), and the content of S is suppressed to 0.035% by weight or less.
- the balance is made of alloy steel with Fe and unavoidable impurities, and the oxygen concentration of the alloy steel is set to 15 ppm or less.
- the surface hardness of the first inner ring raceway 7a is set to Hv 650 to 780, and the surface hardness of the non-refined portion excluding the hardened layer is set to Hv 230 to 300.
- the rolling fatigue life of the first inner raceway 7a of the hub wheel 2 is improved, and the flange 6 and the periphery of the flange 6 are improved. It is possible to improve the fatigue strength of the non-heat treated part existing in the part. Further, in the case of this example, since the value of ⁇ X i —1.5 (X 2 + X 3 + X 4) ⁇ is 0.30 or more and 0.55 or less, the machinability of the hub wheel 2 is reduced. And the fatigue strength of the hub wheel 2 can be further improved. Next, an experiment performed by the present inventor to confirm the effect of the present invention will be described.
- Examples 1 to 10 10 kinds of samples belonging to the present invention, each having a structure similar to the structure shown in FIG. 1 to 6) were used.
- the hub wheel 2 is made of steel having the alloy components shown in Table 1 below, and a hardened layer is formed by induction hardening the portion corresponding to the diagonal lattice of Fig. 1 including the first inner ring raceway 7a. did.
- the numerical values shown in the column of each alloy component in Table 1 represent the content in the alloy steel in% by weight. Further, the numerical value shown in the column of “oxygen concentration” indicates the oxygen concentration in the alloy steel by ppm.
- Table 1 shows the surface hardness (Hv) of the first inner ring raceway 7a (the raceway portion) on which the hardened layer is formed, of the hub wheel 2, and the non-adjustment without the hardened layer.
- the surface hardness (Hv) of the material part is also shown.
- the outer ring 4 is manufactured using S53C, and a hardened surface layer is formed on the peripheral portions of the first and second outer ring raceways 10a and 10b by performing induction hardening on the peripheral portions. I have.
- the inner ring 3 and each rolling element 5 are made of SUJ2, and are entirely hardened from the surface to the core by a general quenching process (submerging).
- the pitch circle diameter of each rolling element 5 was set to 49 mm, and the number of rolling elements 5 in each row was increased to 12 pieces.
- a rotation test was performed under the following conditions. Radial load: 760 ON
- the rolling elements used in the present invention may be made of high-carbon chromium bearing steel such as SUJ2, or carbon-nitrided high-carbon chromium bearing steel. This is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the rolling fatigue life of the unit. Further, in the structure shown in FIG. 1 described above, balls are used as the rolling elements, but in the present invention, rollers and the like can be used as the rolling elements.
- a hub wheel provided with an inner raceway on one side of a pair of inner raceways and a flange on an outer circumferential surface, and a hub wheel provided on the outer circumferential surface.
- this inner race is made of high-carbon chromium such as SUJ2. It is more preferable to use bearing steel from the viewpoint of further improving the rolling fatigue life.
- the hub wheel 2 is made of an alloy steel having a predetermined composition, and at the outer peripheral surface of the hub wheel 2, a portion including the first inner raceway 7a is formed.
- a hardened layer is formed by induction hardening and the material constituting the outer ring 4 is not particularly restricted, the present invention is not limited to such a structure.
- the outer ring 4 is made of an alloy steel having the above-mentioned predetermined composition together with the hub wheel 2, and the first and second outer ring raceways 10 a on the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 4.
- the fatigue strength of the root portion on the outer surface side of the flange formed on the outer peripheral surface of the hub is improved without quenching the root portion.
- the fatigue strength of the root portion on the inner surface side of the flange 6 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the hub wheel 2 is, as described above, hardened by quenching. It is secured based on.
- the fatigue strength of the root portion on the inner surface side of the flange 6 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the hub wheel 2 is separately hardened.
- the distance from the root of the inner surface of the flange 6 to the inner peripheral surface of the hub 2 is also longer than the distance from the root of the outer surface to the inner peripheral surface. A decrease in toughness (impact resistance) is unlikely to be a problem.
- the hardness of the root portion on the outer side in the axial direction of each of the flanges 6 is in the range of 24 to 35 on the Rockwell hardness C scale and 2600 to 345 in the Pickers hardness. Is not particularly limited. However, it is preferable to use the methods described below alone or in appropriate combinations.
- the hub wheel 2 provided with the flange 6 on its outer peripheral surface is formed by hot forging and then cooled.
- cooling after hot forging is often performed by leaving to stand in the air, but preferably, the cooling rate is increased by using a cooling fan or the like.
- the hub wheel 2 is at a high temperature, so the metal structure of the carbon steel constituting the wheel hub 2 is austenite, but is transformed into ferrite and pearlite during the cooling process. This transformation is completed at about 65 ° C, at which time the cooling rate If it is slow, the ferrite coarsens and the hardness of the hub wheel 2 decreases. Therefore, in order to prevent the ferrite from coarsening and to secure the hardness, it is preferable that the cooling rate of the hub wheel 2 after hot forging be high. It is preferable to perform fan cooling. At this time, in order to increase the cooling rate until the temperature of the core of the hub wheel 2 becomes lower than 650, the fan cooling must be continued until the surface temperature becomes lower than 600 ° C. Is preferred.
- V has the property of strengthening ferrite, which is deposited in layers in proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite. Therefore, by adding an appropriate amount, the strength of the hub wheel 2 can be further improved.
- the addition amount of V is less than 0.03% by weight, the effect of reinforcing ferrite is small.
- it is added in excess of 0.3% by weight workability such as hot forgeability and machinability deteriorates. Therefore, when V is added to the carbon steel forming the hub wheel 2, it is preferable to control the addition amount in the range of 0.3 to 0.3% by weight.
- the surface roughness of the root portion on the axially outer surface side of the flange 6 is set within a predetermined range (0.1 to 1.0 m in arithmetic average roughness Ra, 1.0 to 1.0 m in maximum height Ry: LO m) is not particularly limited. However, it is preferable to use the following means alone or in appropriate combination.
- the root portion In the case of a general rolling bearing unit for supporting a wheel, the root portion is maintained in a predetermined shape by performing a cutting process after hot forging, and the surface roughness in this state is higher than the above range. Much larger. Therefore, after the above-mentioned root portion is cut and processed, the root portion is subjected to a grinding process to reduce the surface roughness of the root portion to 0.5 mRa or less.
- the base portion can be subjected to a punching process after the cutting to reduce the surface roughness of the base portion to 0.5 / mRa or less.
- the vicinity of the surface of the processed portion including the base portion is work hardened, and the fatigue strength of the processed portion is improved.
- the value of the maximum height R y depends on the peripheral speed, feed rate, depth of cut, etc. Can be changed according to the processing conditions of the lathe processing.
- the values of the feed speed and the cutting depth are made as small as possible within a range in which productivity is considered. Specifically, it is preferable that the feed rate during finish turning be 0.3 mmZ rev or less and the cutting depth be 1 mm or less.
- the value of the peripheral speed is increased to some extent from the viewpoint of preventing the occurrence of the blade edge. Specifically, it is preferable to be 10 OmZmin or more.
- the stress concentration generated at the deepest part of the unevenness increases, not only the fatigue strength against rotational bending decreases, but also In some cases, unevenness may be sharpened and stress concentration may be significantly increased.
- the edge of the lathe has a cutting edge, which generates heat, increases the heat-affected layer on the surface, and lowers the fatigue strength.
- the value of the surface roughness of the root portion on the outer side in the axial direction is set to a maximum height Ry of 10 m or less.
- the value of the maximum height Ry is preferably set to 6 m or less.
- the value of the surface roughness of the base portion is preferably 1 mRy or more.
- the rotating wheel provided with the flange is formed of steel containing 0.45 to 1.1% by weight of C. If C is less than 0.45% by weight, not only the ferrite fraction in the metal structure after hot forging increases remarkably, but also the hardness becomes low, so the lamination causes This tends to increase the value of the maximum height Ry of the surface roughness, and also causes a decrease in fatigue strength due to a decrease in hardness. On the other hand, when the content of C exceeds 1.1% by weight, the amount of cementite in the metal structure increases, and the workability decreases significantly. Therefore, the content of C in the steel constituting the rotating wheel is set to 0.45 to 1.1% by weight, more preferably 0.45 to 0.65% by weight.
- the hardness and the metal structure after hot forging become favorable, and good workability can be obtained without the need for an annealing step after hot forging.
- the outer raceway and the inner raceway receive a high surface pressure from each rolling element, a high hardness that can withstand the high surface pressure is required to improve the rolling fatigue life. If the surface hardness of the outer raceway and the inner raceway is less than Hv660, the rolling fatigue life is reduced due to insufficient hardness. On the other hand, if the hardness 5 of the surface of each of the above-mentioned orbits exceeds Hv760, the toughness decreases.
- the surface hardness of the outer raceway and the inner raceway is Hv660 or more and Hv760 or less. It is more preferable that the surface hardness of the outer raceway and the inner raceway is set to Hv700 or more to improve the rolling fatigue life.
- the material of the stationary ring and the inner ring 3 (Fig. 2) is not particularly limited. However, in order to ensure sufficient rolling fatigue life of the inner ring raceway 7b (7a, 7b in FIG. 2) formed on the peripheral surface of each of the inner rings 3, C is set to 0.9 to 1. It is preferable to use carbon steel containing about 1% by weight. As a carbon steel that can be used in this case, a high carbon chromium bearing steel such as SUJ2 can be exemplified. Further, the present invention is implemented with the structure described in FIG.
- C is 0.45-0.5.
- carbon steel containing about 8% by weight It is preferable to use carbon steel containing about 8% by weight.
- the outer ring 4 is required to have workability such as hot forgeability and machinability as in the case of the hub wheel 2.
- a ball is used as the rolling element 5
- a high carbon chromium bearing steel such as SUJ2, or a carbonitrided steel
- the hub wheel 2 was manufactured by hot forging using any one of the 10 types of carbon steels A to J shown in Table 2. At this time, the properties of the hub wheel 2 were changed by changing the cooling process after forging, that is, by allowing the cooling to be performed, or by performing air cooling using a cooling fan. After hot forging and cooling, cutting and drilling were performed to obtain the hub wheel 2 having a predetermined shape. Thereafter, a hardened layer formed by induction hardening was formed on the root portion on the inner side surface in the axial direction of the flange 6 and the region from the first inner ring raceway 7a to the step portion 8 shown by the oblique lattice in FIG. Later, it was subjected to grinding for finishing. On the other hand, the outer ring 4 was made of S53C, which is carbon steel for machine structural use (medium carbon steel), and the inner ring 3 and each rolling element 5 were made of SUJ2.
- the rolling bearing unit (sample) for wheel support manufactured in this way was subjected to an axial load of 600 N and a radial load of 500 to 960 ON (changed for each test). Then, a rotation test in which the sample was continuously rotated at a rotation speed of 40 O min 1 for 50 hours was performed on the same sample by changing a radial load. After such a test was performed, the minimum value of the radial load applied to the sample in which cracks occurred at the root of the outer surface of the flange 6 was determined as the endurance load of the sample. Table 3 below shows the results of experiments performed under these conditions. Table 3
- Table 3 shows the hubs for a total of 13 types of samples including 9 types of samples belonging to the present invention (Examples 1 to 9) and 4 types of samples (Comparative Examples 1 to 4) deviating from the present invention.
- the material used for the wheel 2, the cooling method after hot forging, the hardness (Hv) of the outer root portion of the flange 6, and the endurance load are shown.
- the durable load in the table is expressed as a ratio with respect to the durable load of Comparative Example 3 as 1.0.
- the hardness of the root portion was determined by cutting the hub wheel 2 to make the cut surface into a mirror surface, and measuring the position of 0.1 mm from the surface with a Vickers hardness tester.
- Examples 1 to 9 were such that the hardness of the root portion of the flange 6 was defined in the range (Hv 260 3 3 4 5), so the fatigue strength against rotational bending stress is high and the endurable load is high. Also, the machinability does not decrease.
- the material strength was increased mainly by increasing the cooling rate after hot forging.
- the material strength was increased mainly by increasing the content of C in the material.
- the strength of the material was increased mainly by adding V to the material and increasing the cooling rate.
- the strength of the material surface was increased by work hardening by burnishing.
- Comparative Examples 1 to 3 the hardness of the root portion of the flange 6 was lower than that of the present replacement paper (Rule 23). Since it was smaller than the range specified in the table, the fatigue strength against rotating bending was low and the endurance load was low. Conversely, in Comparative Example 4, since the hardness of the root portion of the flange 6 was larger than the range specified in the present invention, the durability load was high but the machinability was reduced.
- each of the hub wheels 2 was made of S53C which is carbon steel for machine structure.
- cooling after hot forging was performed by air cooling using a cooling fan.
- the materials of the outer ring 4, the inner ring 3, and the rolling elements 5 are the same as those in the first experiment.
- the surface roughness of the root portion on the axially outer surface side of the flange 6 can be changed by changing the cutting speed of normal cutting, adding grinding, or performing burnishing. It changed various things by adding.
- Table 4 shows that, for a total of seven types of samples, five types of samples belonging to the scope of the present invention (Example 11 15) and two types of samples out of the scope of the present invention (Comparative Examples 11 12), The surface roughness of the outer root of the flange 6, the hardness (Hv) of the outer root of the flange 6, and the presence or absence of cracks after the test are described. Of the symbols in Table 4 above, “ ⁇ ” indicates that no crack occurred, and “X” indicates that a crack occurred. The hardness of the base was determined in the same manner as in the first experiment described above.
- Example 11 15 shows that the surface roughness of the root portion on the axially outer surface side of the flange 6 is within the range defined by the present invention. Since the arithmetic average roughness was within the range of 0.11.0 mRa, the fatigue strength against rotational bending stress was high, and after the test, cracks did not occur at the root portion.
- the influence of the surface roughness of the flange 6 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the outer end of the hub wheel 2 at the root portion on the axially outer side was examined.
- the structure and size of the wheel supporting rolling bearing unit used in the third experiment are the same as in the first experiment and the second experiment described above, including the hardened portion. .
- the hub wheel 2 was made of steel containing alloy components shown in Table 5 below. Replacement paper (Rule 28) Table 5
- the intermediate material obtained by subjecting the steel material having the composition shown in Table 5 to hot forging at 1000 to 1200 ° C was subjected to cutting and drilling, and Hub wheel 2 having the shape and surface roughness described above was obtained.
- Hub wheel 2 having the shape and surface roughness described above was obtained.
- test pieces with different surface roughness Ry (maximum height) by changing the peripheral speed, feed speed, and cutting depth of the lathe was produced.
- a hardened layer having a hardness of Hv660 to Hv760 was formed on the surface by performing induction hardening and tempering from the periphery of the inner ring raceway 7b to the periphery of the step portion 8.
- the inner ring orbital 7b was finished by grinding. Note that the root portion on the outer surface side of the flange 6 was not subjected to grinding, but was left as it was.
- Table 6 below shows the surface hardness of the inner ring raceway 7a part subjected to induction hardening, the surface hardness of the non-heat treated part not subjected to induction hardening, and the surface of the root part on the outer surface side of the flange 6.
- the measured value of roughness R y (maximum height) is described.
- FIG. 3 shows two examples of the shape when the surface roughness of the root portion on the outer surface side of the flange 6 was measured.
- 3A shows the surface shape when the maximum height Ry is 9 m
- FIG. 3B shows the surface shape when the maximum height Ry is also 5 m.
- the outer ring 4 is made of S53C, and is subjected to high frequency quenching and tempering around a pair of outer ring raceways 10a and 10b, and has a hardness of Hv on the surface of each outer ring raceway 10a and 10b. A cured layer of 660 to Hv 760 was formed.
- the inner ring 3 and the rolling element 5 were made of SUJ2 and were hardened from the surface to the core by a normal quenching process.
- the inner ring 3 and the rolling elements 5 and the hub wheel 2 as described above make up a wheel supporting rolling bearing unit having a structure as shown in FIG.
- the number of rolling elements 5 in each row was 12, and the pitch circle diameter of each rolling element 5 was 49 mm. Then, a rotation test was performed on such a wheel supporting rolling bearing unit under the following conditions. Radial load: 880 ON
- Rotational speed 300 min.
- a point or a point at which it was confirmed that cracks occurred around the flange 6 was determined to be the life of the wheel supporting rolling bearing unit.
- Paper for comparison and replacement (Rule 28) Regarding Comparative Examples 13 and 14,-all of them reached the end of their lives due to cracks.
- Table 6 shows the results of the rotation test performed under such conditions. In addition, the life described in Table 6 is expressed as a ratio to the life of Comparative Example 13 assuming that the life is 1.0.
- Examples 16 to 25 show that the surface roughness (maximum height) Ry of the root portion on the outer surface side of the flange 6 is less than 1 ⁇ , so that High fatigue strength and excellent durability were obtained.
- Examples 16 to 18, 21, 23 and 25 have remarkably excellent durability because the value of Ry is small.
- FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the surface roughness (maximum height) Ry of the root portion on the outer surface side of the flange 6 described in Table 6 above and the life in the rotation test.
- the maximum height Ry of the surface roughness is 6 m or less, the effect of improving the fatigue life is remarkable.
- the hardness of the root part is set to Hv 260 or more and Hv 345 or less, and the surface roughness of the root part is 1.O / ⁇ m or less in arithmetic average roughness Ra and 10 m in maximum height Ry.
- the above-mentioned fatigue strength can be further improved and the above-mentioned wheel supporting rolling bearing unit can be made thinner (lighter).
- a radial load is generated on the bearing from the road surface while the hub wheel 2 is rotating, so that a rotational bending stress is generated at the base of the wheel mounting flange 6.
- the outer root portion 14 of the wheel mounting flange 6 is not subjected to heat treatment such as quenching and hardening, and the rotational bending stress is concentrated, so that damage may occur depending on use conditions and design conditions. There is.
- the outer root of the wheel mounting flange 6 (non-heat treated steel) 14 generally has fatigue strength due to increased hardness. (Refer to "Metal Fatigue: Small Defects and the Effect of Inclusions" by Takanori Murakami and Yokendo, 1993, p. 8).
- Methodal Fatigue: Small Defects and the Effect of Inclusions by Takanori Murakami and Yokendo, 1993, p. 8.
- the wheel mounting flange 6 of the hub wheel 2 is subjected to turning and drilling after hot forging, if the hardness is increased more than necessary, the workability is significantly reduced.
- the inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies on a method for improving the fatigue strength without unnecessarily increasing the hardness and reducing the workability. As a result, the following findings were obtained.
- Improvement of fatigue strength is not limited to hardness. Fatigue strength tends to increase as the hardness increases, but even at the same hardness, the fatigue strength varied. As a result of comparison between the two, differences were found in the material structures. In non-heat treated medium carbon steel, cracks occur in the pro-eutectoid ferrite structure, which is the weakest structure against rotational bending stress, and mainly propagate in the pro-eutectoid ferrite grains and in the boundary between the pro-eutectoid ferrite and the pearlite.
- the turning workability tends to decrease as the hardness increases, but the workability varied with the same hardness. As a result of comparison between the two, differences were found in the amount and shape of the inclusions, particularly MnS (manganese sulfide), present in the structure of the material.
- the hardness of the non-heat treated medium carbon steel is determined by the amount of the proeutectoid ferrite structure. Since the pro-eutectoid ferrite structure has low hardness and tends to be plastically deformed, the hardness of the pro-eutectoid ferrite structure is reduced and the workability is improved if the amount of precipitation is large. Similarly, although a small amount, MnS is also easily plastically deformed, so that turning workability is improved, but hardly affects hardness. In other words, it was found that the variation in turning workability was caused by the amount and shape of inclusions such as MnS.
- the present inventors have found a method for improving the fatigue strength of a medium-carbon steel without heat treatment, without unnecessarily increasing the hardness, and without reducing the workability, based on the above findings.
- the proeutectoid ferrite structure precipitates and grows with fine precipitates such as grain boundaries and carbides as nuclei.
- MnS which is a nonmetallic inclusion in steel, may precipitate and grow in some cases.
- the proeutectoid ferrite structure is easily deformed plastically and is a weak structure. Therefore, the proeutectoid ferrite structure that has grown large tends to concentrate stress and break easily.
- the pro-eutectoid ferrite structure precipitates and grows along the crystal grain boundaries, when it grows large, the pro-eutectoid ferrite structure grows in a network at the crystal grain boundaries (hereinafter simply referred to as a net), and When it comes to a state that surrounds the It will be in a weak state.
- the proeutectoid ferrite structure is finely dispersed and precipitated, whereby the growth of the proeutectoid ferrite structure can be suppressed, and the precipitation in the net state can be prevented.
- the stress concentration is also dispersed, so that the structure is strong against 5-turn bending stress.
- the pro-eutectoid ferrite structure dispersed and precipitated increases fatigue strength and is also effective in workability. Therefore, by finely dispersing the pro-eutectoid ferrite structure, it is possible to simultaneously improve both fatigue strength and workability.
- Specific manufacturing methods to finely disperse the proeutectoid ferrite structure include: 1) adding a gold element to the material, 2) refining the crystal structure by optimizing the hot forging conditions, and 3) an appropriate amount of MnS. There is dispersion. Hereafter, description will be made in the order of 1, 2 and 3.
- Fine dispersion of carbides and other precipitates in steel can suppress the growth of crystal grains and refine the crystal structure.
- the proeutectoid ferrite structure precipitates and grows with fine precipitates such as crystal grain boundaries and carbides serving as nuclei.
- the intersection (triple point) of the ⁇ crystal grain boundary as shown in Fig. 5 tends to precipitate the pro-eutectoid ferrite structure. Therefore, when the crystal structure is refined, the intersection of the grain boundary increases, and as a result, the pro-eutectoid ferrite structure becomes It can be finely dispersed.
- the proeutectoid ferrite structure can be finely dispersed as a result.
- Heating in hot forging activates atomic diffusion of the metal structure and grows crystal grains. Therefore, it is preferable to lower the hot forging temperature in order to reduce the crystal grain size. Also, the larger the forging degree, the finer the crystal grain size.
- the hot forging temperature is too low, the deformation resistance of the material increases, the processing load 5 increases, and when performing forging of complex shapes at low temperatures, defective shapes and cracks may occur. .
- MnS tends to be a nucleus for the precipitation of the pro-eutectoid ferrite structure, tends to promote the fine dispersion of the pro-eutectoid ferrite structure, and has the effect of improving the turning property.
- MnS tends to be a nucleus for the precipitation of the pro-eutectoid ferrite structure, tends to promote the fine dispersion of the pro-eutectoid ferrite structure, and has the effect of improving the turning property.
- fine dispersion of the proeutectoid ferrite structure can be promoted by dispersing an appropriate amount of MnS.
- the amount of carbon as a carbide is limited
- the amount of precipitation of a pro-eutectoid ferrite structure is limited by an area ratio
- the amount of S that controls the precipitation state of MnS is limited
- the turning workability is also affected.
- the austenite grain boundary has a ferrite structure precipitated in the form of a film, fatigue cracks due to rotational bending stress are likely to occur.
- it is effective to reduce the austenite grain size, which determines the number of ferrite nuclei, and for ⁇ , the fine dispersion of carbides and nitrides is effective.
- the inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies with the aim of further improving the fatigue strength at the base of the wheel mounting flange 6 of the flanged bearing device 1, and as a result, have obtained the following knowledge.
- the distribution state of proeutectoid ferrite at the outer root 14 of the wheel mounting flange 6 was examined by an image analysis method described later, and the relationship with the fatigue strength of the outer root 14 was examined. As a result, it was found that the length of the proeutectoid ferrite and the area ratio of the proeutectoid ferrite dominated the fatigue strength.
- the area ratio of pro-eutectoid ferrite per unit area (10 mm 2 ) of the outer root portion 14 of the wheel mounting flange 6 is set to 3 to 15%, and The length was set to 200 m or less, and the number of proeutectoid ferrites having a length of 180 m or more was set to 5 or less.
- the maximum length of the proeutectoid ferrite is preferably 150 m or less, more preferably 100 m or 50 m or less.
- Proeutectoid ferrite should be as small as possible from the viewpoint of induction hardening, as described in the above-mentioned literature, and from the viewpoint of induction hardening. Therefore, the area ratio of proeutectoid ferrite is required to be 3% or more. However, if the area ratio of pro-eutectoid ferrite is 15% or more, the fatigue strength decreases due to the increase in soft ferrite, so the area ratio of pro-eutectoid ferrite was set to 3 to 15%.
- the distribution of proeutectoid ferrite is controlled by cooling control after forging. be able to. For example, when the cooling rate after forging is increased, the growth of ferrite can be suppressed, and the ferrite can be hardly connected in a net shape. As described above, controlling the distribution of large ferrite grains in the direction that causes stress concentration at the outer root portion 14 of the wheel mounting flange 6 of the hub wheel 2 results in a smaller minimum unit of crack generation. Fatigue fracture at the outer base 14 can be effectively suppressed.
- C in the steel of the material of the hub wheel 2 is less than 0.45% by weight, the high frequency quenching hardness of the rolling part is low, and the strength required to provide rolling fatigue life HRC 58 or more It cannot be done. Further, the hardness of the root portion of the wheel mounting flange 6 cannot be sufficiently obtained, and in particular, the fatigue strength of the outer root portion 14 against rotational bending stress decreases. On the other hand, when C exceeds 0.65% by weight, not only does the turning property deteriorate due to a decrease in the area ratio of the proeutectoid ferrite structure and an increase in hardness, but also the rolling fatigue life and fatigue strength are greatly improved. Therefore, C in the carbon steel used for the hub wheel 2 was set to 0.45% by weight or more and 0.65% by weight or less.
- S is an element that causes the formation of sulfide-based nonmetallic inclusions such as MnS, and nonmetallic inclusions tend to increase in proportion to the amount added.
- sulfide-based nonmetallic inclusions such as MnS are easily plastically deformed, and therefore, the turning property is improved. Also, it tends to promote microdispersion of the proeutectoid ferrite structure. However, if it is added more than necessary, MnS becomes too large and may become a starting point of cracking during cold working.
- the addition amount is required to be at least 0.003% by weight.
- Mn Content is so large that it may become the starting point of cracking during cold working.
- Turning performance is determined by the amount of pro-eutectoid ferrite microstructure and the amount of MnS, but the amount of pro-eutectoid ferrite micro-structure depends on hot forging conditions and precipitates, even if the amount of carbon is the same. Change. Furthermore, since MnS serves as the starting point of precipitation of the proeutectoid ferrite structure and also has the function of promoting dispersion precipitation, simply specifying the amount of carbon and the amount of S added does not serve as a guide for turning workability.
- the present inventors measured the amount of pro-eutectoid ferrite microstructure as an area ratio, and added the amount of pro-eutectoid ferrite micro-structure by multiplying the amount of S added with a constant in consideration of the effect of MnS. Then, the turning workability coefficient was derived. If the turning workability coefficient is less than 10, the precipitation amount of proeutectoid ferrite structure and the amount of MnS are insufficient, and sufficient workability cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the turning workability coefficient exceeds 30, the precipitation amount of the pro-eutectoid ferrite structure becomes too large, and the fatigue limit is lowered.
- the turning workability coefficient should be 10 or more and 30 or less.
- the amount of V is preferably set to 0.05 to 0.3% by weight.
- the oxygen concentration is preferably 12 ppm or less in consideration of the rolling fatigue life of the rolling part.
- the microstructure of at least the wheel mounting flange 6 of the hub wheel 2 is refined, so that the shape and dimensions of the wheel mounting flange 6 are not changed, and It is possible to increase the strength of the outer root portion 14 of the wheel mounting flange 6, which is the weakest part of the rotating bending fatigue, without increasing the cost due to the increase in the number of wheels. As a result, the thickness of the wheel mounting flange 6 can be reduced, and the weight of the flanged bearing device can be reduced.
- the amount of carbon as carbide is limited, the amount of proeutectoid ferrite structure is limited by the area ratio, the amount of S added to control the amount of MnS is limited, and further, the turning performance is affected.
- the medium carbon steel is not heat-treated, does not unnecessarily increase its hardness, and has a fatigue strength without reducing workability. Can be improved.
- the present inventors have found that the fatigue strength of the outer root portion 14 of the wheel mounting flange 6 has a correlation with the ratio between the amount of pro-eutectoid ferrite structure and the amount of MnS.
- the sum of the amount of pro-eutectoid ferrite microstructure and the amount of MnS shows turning workability.
- the balance between the amount of pro-eutectoid ferrite microstructure and the amount of MnS is lost, turning performance is maintained, but the fatigue strength of the outer root 14 of the wheel mounting flange 6 decreases. There is.
- the precipitation amount of the pro-eutectoid ferrite structure is too large relative to the MnS amount, the precipitation amount will increase even if the starting point of the precipitation of the pro-eutectoid ferrite structure is reduced. In other words, it can be seen that the proeutectoid ferrite structure has grown greatly and the area ratio has been increased. If the amount of proeutectoid ferrite structure is too large relative to the amount of MnS, the microdispersion of the proeutectoid ferrite structure will be insufficient, and the fatigue strength of the outer root portion 14 of the wheel mounting flange 6 will decrease. There is a tendency.
- proeutectoid ferrite microstructure precipitated when the amount of proeutectoid ferrite microstructure precipitated is too small relative to the amount of MnS, proeutectoid ferrite microcrystals precipitated from the precipitates and the intersections of grain boundaries other than the proeutectoid ferrite microstructure precipitated from MnS. This indicates that the amount of tissue is abnormally small. There are few places where pro-eutectoid ferrite tissues precipitate. In other words, the microstructure of the proeutectoid fiber is insufficiently dispersed and the precipitates are insufficient, and the fatigue strength tends to decrease.
- the balance between the amount of pro-eutectoid ferrite microstructure and the amount of MnS must be determined. It becomes important. Since the amount of MnS is proportional to the amount of S added, the flange fatigue limit coefficient is expressed by the following formula using the ratio of the amount of S added to the area ratio of the pro-eutectoid ferrite structure.
- Flange fatigue limit coefficient (S content (% by weight) X 100 000) Z Area ratio of proeutectoid ferrite tissue (%)
- the flange fatigue limit coefficient exceeds 2
- the precipitation strength of the proeutectoid ferrite structure is too large with respect to the MnS amount, and the fatigue strength tends to decrease. If it is less than 1, the MnS amount In contrast, the amount of precipitation of the pro-eutectoid ferrite structure was too small, and the fatigue strength tended to decrease.
- the flange fatigue limit coefficient (S content (% by weight) XI 00) It is desirable that the area ratio (%) of the Z proeutectoid ferrite structure is 1 or more and 2 or less.
- the materials shown in Table 7 were processed under various hot forging conditions, the microstructure was confirmed, and the amount of the proeutectoid ferrite structure was measured by image analysis.
- hot forging after cutting a steel bar, high-frequency induction heating is performed to various temperatures between 950 ° C and 120 ° C to change the microscopic level of the structure, and hot forging is performed mainly by upsetting. In addition, it is cooled at various cooling rates to create various precipitation states of pro-eutectoid ferrite structures.
- the microstructure was etched with Pyracool's corrosive solution, the structure was photographed with an electron microscope, and only the proeutectoid ferrite structure was taken out of the electron microscopic image base by an image analyzer to calculate the area ratio.
- Electron microscope manufactured by JEOL Ltd., JSM—T2200A
- test pieces After removing the oxide film by shot blasting after hot forging cooling, various test pieces are prepared by turning, and a cutting tool life test, a rotating bending fatigue test, a cold working test, and a life test under contaminated lubrication are performed. Various evaluations were made. The test conditions are as follows. ⁇ Cutting tool life test>
- Test piece JIS 1-8 test piece (JIS Z2274)
- the number of stop rotations was 107 times, and the condition under which the test load was changed so that no damage occurred was defined as the fatigue limit.
- a cylindrical test piece of ⁇ 20 X 3 Omm was made by turning, cold-pressed (forged) from the top and bottom of the cylindrical test piece at an upsetting rate of 80%, and it was checked whether cracks occurred on the circumference. Was done. In each test, 10 pieces were machined, and the probability of occurrence of cracks was investigated. ⁇ Life test under contaminated lubrication>
- Test surface pressure up to 490 OMP a
- Lubricating oil # 68 bottle oil
- the track section of the life test specimen is quenched and tempered by high frequency heating.
- Table 8 summarizes the results of each test.
- Fig. 6 shows the relationship between S content (wt%) X 100 + ⁇ area ratio (%) and tool life
- Fig. 7 shows S content (wt%) / ⁇ area ratio (%) and fatigue limit. The relationship with the strength is shown.
- Husband example 1 b U. Ulo 14.y ⁇ ⁇ .9 U.9 on ID 0.0
- the area ratio (%) of pro-eutectoid ferrite structure is within the range of the present invention, so that all of the turning workability (tool life), fatigue limit strength, cold cracking occurrence rate and rolling life after quench hardening are achieved. Excellent and excellent material for flanged bearing equipment can be obtained.
- the flange fatigue limit coefficient-(S content (% by weight) XI 00) / area ratio of proeutectoid ferrite structure (%) It can be seen that Examples 5, 6, 8, 9, 17 to 19 of 1 or more and 2 or less have excellent fatigue limit strength.
- Comparative Example 1 in which the S content was too high as a material component, cracks starting from MnS occurred frequently in the cold compression working.
- Comparative Example 2 in which the amount of C added was too low as a material component, the hardness due to high frequency quenching was reduced, and the rolling life was significantly reduced.
- Comparative Example 3 where the amount of C added was too high in the material component, the area ratio of the pro-eutectoid ferrite structure was too low, and the turning property coefficient (S content (% by weight) X 100 + In Comparative Example 5, where the area ratio (%) of the ferrite structure is too low, the turning workability is significantly reduced.
- the hap ring 2 is shown in Table 10 as Examples 22 to 30 in Comparative Example. ⁇ 11 were prepared. Further, as the hub wheel 2 of Examples 22 to 30, the hub wheel 2 subjected to the above-described distribution control of proeutectoid ferrite was used. ⁇ ⁇ £ 3 ⁇ 4
- the microstructure in the visual field was binarized at a microscope magnification of 200 to 500 times, and only pro-eutectoid ferrite grains were extracted.
- the distribution of the absolute maximum length (given by the maximum value of the distance between any two points on the contour, which is referred to as the ferrite length) and the ferrite area ratio were determined by image analysis.
- a bearing device with a flange (for driving wheel support) for a test shown in Fig. 9 was prepared using each wheel 2.
- the same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 are assigned and the description is omitted.
- the axial pitch of the double row rolling elements 5 of this bearing device is 59 mm, the number of balls is 12 or so, the outer ring 4 is made of S53C, and the inner ring 3 and rolling elements 5 are made of SUJ2. Was used.
- Reference numeral 15 denotes a receiving member fitted to an end of the outer ring 4 on the suspension device mounting flange 11 side to receive an axial load.
- Drilling method Dry type Drilling depth 10 mm
- the carbon content of the carbon steel used as the material of the hub wheel 2 is 0.45% by weight or more and 0.65% by weight or less, and the outer root portion of the wheel mounting flange 6 14
- the area ratio of pro-eutectoid ferrite per unit area (1 Omm 2 ) is 3 to 15%, the maximum length of the pro-eutectoid ferrite is 200 m or less, and the pro-eutectoid ferrite has a maximum length of 180 m or more.
- the durability load of the outer root 14 of the wheel mounting flange 6 and the workability of the wheel mounting flange 6 were smaller than those of Comparative Examples 7 to 11. Good results were obtained.
- Examples 22 and 24 in which V was added to the material of the eight wheel 2 the endurance load performance of the outer base 14 of the wheel mounting flange 6 was increased compared to the other Examples 23 and 25 to 30. Understand.
- Comparative Example 10 in which the maximum length of the proeutectoid ferrite exceeds 200 m
- Comparative Example 7 in which five or more ferrite grains having a length of 180 m or more were present, the ferrite area ratio exceeded the upper limit of the present invention.
- Comparative Example 8 the carbon content of the carbon steel used as the material for the hub wheel 2 was high, and the maximum length of the proeutectoid ferrite was within the range of the present invention.
- Comparative Examples 11 in which it was necessary to perform the above, the durable load of the outer root portion 14 of the wheel mounting flange 6 was extremely low. Further, in Comparative Example 9, although the durable load of the outer root portion 14 of the wheel mounting flange 6 was increased, the workability of the wheel mounting flange 6 was reduced.
- the metallographic structure shows that pro-eutectoid ferrite meshes along the former austenite grain boundaries. Ferrite precipitated in the shape of eyes. Since the ferrite structure has a lower strength than the pearlite structure, a metal structure in which pro-eutectoid ferrite is coarsely precipitated may have a lower fatigue strength.
- the present inventors have proposed a mesh-like structure. It has been found that it is effective to finely disperse and precipitate pro-eutectoid ferrite that precipitates on the surface.
- Refining the prior austenite grain size has the effect of suppressing stress concentration at the grain boundaries, increasing the number of nucleation sites during the transformation of austenite Z ferrite, and precipitating fine ferrite grains.
- the first ferrite is finely divided, the minimum unit of crack generation becomes smaller, so that fatigue fracture can be effectively suppressed.
- the hot forging conditions have a significant effect on the fine precipitation and dispersion of the first ferrite that precipitates in a network.
- the metal structure becomes an austenitic structure.
- the higher the heating temperature of hot forging the more the atoms diffuse and the easier the grain grows.
- the nucleation energy and the number of nucleation sites during recrystallization increase, so that the austenite grain size decreases.
- the heating temperature at the time of hot forging is made lower than the conventional temperature.
- the growth of the austenite grains can be effectively suppressed, and the fatigue strength can be improved.
- the heating temperature during forging exceeds 150 ° C, the austenite grain size becomes coarse, and the effect of improving fatigue strength is small.
- the heating temperature of the hot forging of the present invention is 900 to 150 ° C.
- the hot forging temperature is lower than the conventional temperature, forging cracks are likely to occur. This is because when the temperature decreases, a part of the metal structure is transformed from the austenitic state to the ferrite-pearlite structure, and when forging is performed in that state, the metal structure is non-uniformly plastically deformed and forging cracks occur.
- the present invention is to prevent forging cracks. At the end of forging, the temperature at the end of forging is specified so that the metal structure will be in a uniform austenite state. If the forging end temperature is less than 800 ° C, plastic deformation of the metal structure becomes uneven and forging cracks are likely to occur. Therefore, the temperature at the end of forging of the present invention is 800 ° C or more.
- the induction hardening hardness of the rolling parts is low, and the strength required to provide rolling fatigue life must be HRC58 or more. Can not.
- the hardness of the root portion of the wheel mounting flange 6 cannot be sufficiently obtained, and in particular, the fatigue strength of the outer root portion 14 against rotational bending stress decreases.
- C exceeds 0.65% by weight not only the turning property is reduced due to the decrease in the area ratio of the proeutectoid ferrite structure and the increase in hardness, but also the rolling fatigue life and fatigue strength cannot be significantly improved.
- the carbon content in the carbon steel of the hub wheel 2 was set to 0.45% by weight or more and 0.65% by weight or less.
- Mn is an element that improves the hardenability of steel. If it is less than 0.3% by weight, the hardened layer during induction hardening becomes shallow, and the rolling fatigue of the raceway decreases. However, if the content exceeds 1.5% by weight, workability is reduced. Therefore, the Mn content of the present invention is set to 0.3% by weight or more and 1.5% by weight or less. Preferably, the content is set to 0.5 to 1.0% by weight in consideration of productivity during hardening, machinability, and drilling workability.
- Si is an element that improves hardenability, strengthens martensite, and improves rolling fatigue life. In addition, it dissolves in the ferrite in the non-heat treated part and improves the strength of the ferrite structure, thereby improving the fatigue strength of the non-heat treated part. If it is less than 0.1% by weight, the above-mentioned effects are insufficient. However, if it exceeds 1.0% by weight, the hot forgeability decreases. Furthermore, since decarburization after forging becomes large, cutting work after hot forging is not performed, and the fatigue strength of a portion used on the surface as forged is reduced.Therefore, the Si amount of the present invention is 0. 1% by weight or more and 1.0% by weight or less.
- Cr 0.01 to 0.5% by weight
- Cr has the effect of improving the hardenability, further strengthens the martensite structure after quenching, and improves the rolling fatigue life. If the content is less than 0.01% by weight, the hardened layer at the time of induction hardening becomes shallow, and the strength of the martensite structure also decreases, so that the rolling fatigue life decreases. However, if it exceeds 0.5% by weight, hot forgeability and machinability deteriorate. Therefore, the Cr content of the present invention is 0.01% by weight or more and 0.5% by weight or less.
- MnS in steel forms non-metallic inclusions such as MnS in steel
- MnS in steel may be the starting point of forging cracks.
- the MnS in the non-heat-treated portion may be a starting point of the caulking portion 9 cracking.
- the S content is preferably as small as possible. If the S content exceeds 0.025% by weight, forging cracks or cracks in the caulked portion 9 may increase. 025% by weight or less. Preferably, the S content is 0.015% by weight or less in consideration of stable prevention of forging cracking and cracking of the swaged portion 9.
- O is an element that greatly affects the rolling fatigue of the induction hardened raceway.
- ⁇ forms non-metallic inclusions, such as A 1 2 ⁇ 3 in the steel, reduce the rolling fatigue life will foil Rino origin by rolling fatigue. Therefore, in order to improve the rolling fatigue life, the smaller the weight, the better. If the amount exceeds 15 ppm, the rolling fatigue life may be reduced. Therefore, the O amount of the present invention is 15 ppm or less.
- the metal structure After hot forging, the metal structure is in the austenite state, but when cooled, transformation takes place, and proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite structure are formed. This transformation is almost complete at about 60, and the structure after cooling becomes a ferrite-pearlite structure. At this time, if the cooling rate is low, the growth of pro-eutectoid ferrite is promoted, Is formed. In this case, since ferrite has lower strength than pearlite, a coarse pro-eutectoid ferrite lump tends to be a starting point and a propagation path of fatigue cracks, and the fatigue strength of the non-heat treated part decreases. In addition, when induction hardening is performed around the raceway, the presence of coarse pro-eutectoid ferrite lumps may cause a decrease in hardenability or uneven hardness.
- the average cooling rate is defined by the following equation.
- Average cooling rate (° CZ seconds) (temperature at end of forging (° C)-600 (:)) / (cooling time from end of forging to 600 ° C (seconds))
- the average cooling rate from the temperature at the end of forging to 600 ° C is less than 0.5 ° C nosec, the aforementioned fatigue strength decreases, the induction hardenability decreases, or after high frequency quenching. May have uneven hardness.
- the average cooling rate of the present invention is preferably 0. More preferably, the average cooling rate is 1 ° CZ seconds or more and 3 nos or less in consideration of stable improvement in fatigue strength and productivity during cutting.
- V, Nb, or Ti used in the present invention generates fine carbides or nitrides in the steel, and has an effect of suppressing coarsening of austenite crystal grains generated when the steel material is heated during hot forging. is there.
- fine carbides or carbonitrides of V, Nb, or Ti also have the effect of becoming precipitation sites for pro-eutectoid ferrite during cooling after hot forging, and promote fine dispersion of ferrite. I do. Therefore, by adding V, Nb, or Ti, a metal structure in which ferrite is finely dispersed can be obtained, and the fatigue strength of the non-heat treated portion around the flange can be improved.
- the raceway having a hardened layer formed by induction hardening has a rolling fatigue life. Life is required.
- the metal structure subjected to induction hardening mainly becomes a martensite structure, but since V, Nb or Ti is added to the steel used in the present invention, fine particles are also contained in the martensite. Carbides or carbonitrides are dispersed. When the carbide or carbonitride is finely dispersed, the wear resistance and the hardness are improved, so that the rolling fatigue life is improved.
- V forms carbides or nitrides in the steel, suppresses the growth of austenite grains during hot forging, and reduces the size of old austenite grains.
- carbides and nitrides of V themselves also serve as precipitation sites for pro-eutectoid ferrite, pro-eutectoid ferrite precipitates from finely dispersed carbides and nitrides, and promotes the finely dispersed precipitation of ferrite.
- the carbides or nitrides of V present in the former austenite grain boundaries precipitate pro-eutectoid ferrite from the respective carbide or nitride particles. This has the effect of preventing fatigue cracks from propagating in the ferrite structure and improving the fatigue strength of the non-heat treated part having a ferrite-pearlite structure.
- V carbide or carbonitride has extremely high hardness, so if it is finely dispersed in the martensite structure of the induction hardened raceway, the wear resistance is improved and the rolling fatigue life is improved. There is. If V is less than 0.01% by weight, the above effects cannot be obtained. If V exceeds 0.2% by weight, hot forgeability, machinability, and grindability decrease. Therefore, the V content in the present invention is preferably from 0.01% by weight to 0.2% by weight. More preferably, the content is set to not less than 0.02% by weight and not more than 0.10% by weight in consideration of stable improvement of fatigue strength and productivity.
- Nb also forms carbides or nitrides in steel, has the effect of suppressing the growth of old austenite grains and has the effect of becoming the first ferrite precipitation site, and therefore has a ferrite-pearlite structure. It has the effect of finely dispersing pro-eutectoid ferrite in the non-heat-treated part and improving fatigue strength. In particular, Nb has a large effect of suppressing the growth of the former osteite grains. If Nb is less than 0.01% by weight, the above effects cannot be exhibited. When Nb exceeds 0.15% by weight, hot forgeability, machinability, and grindability decrease. Therefore, the Nb content of the present invention is 0.1% by weight or more and 0.15% or more. % By weight or less is preferred.
- Ti also forms carbides or nitrides in the steel, has the effect of suppressing the growth of prior austenite grains and has the effect of becoming a precipitation site for proeutectoid ferrite, so that the ferrite-pearlite structure It has the effect of finely dispersing the pro-eutectoid ferrite in the non-heat treated part and improving the fatigue strength.
- Ti has a great effect of suppressing the growth of prior austenite grains. If 7 ⁇ is less than 0.01% by weight, the above effects cannot be exhibited. If the content of Ding 1 exceeds 0.15% by weight, hot forgeability, machinability, and grindability decrease. Therefore, the Ti content of the present invention is preferably from 0.01% by weight to 0.15% by weight.
- the prior austenite crystal grain size at the root of the flange where the stress concentration of the flanged bearing device becomes high is 4 or more.
- the rolling elements used in the bearing device with a flange of the present invention it is preferable to use high carbon chromium bearing steel such as SUJ2 or the like obtained by subjecting the high carbon chromium bearing steel to a carbonitriding treatment. Further, as the shape of the rolling element used in the present invention, a ball or a roller can be used depending on the application.
- the inner ring 3 is preferably made of a high carbon chromium bearing steel such as SUJ2.
- the hub wheel 2 was subjected to hot forging under the conditions shown in Tables 12 and 13 using steels having the alloy components shown in Tables 11 to 11 and was subjected to forced air cooling or cooling. After that, it is processed into a predetermined shape by cutting, and induction hardening is performed from the periphery of the inner ring raceway surface 7 b to the periphery of the small diameter stepped portion 8, a hardened layer is formed on the surface, and then grinding is performed to finish Shaped.
- Table 12 also shows the surface hardness of the raceway part subjected to induction hardening and the hardness of the non-heat treated part not subjected to induction hardening. Grain size is JISGO 5 5 1 Table 1
- the outer ring 4 was hot forged at 1100 to 1150 ° C using the conventional material S53C. Thereafter, cutting was performed, and high frequency quenching was performed around the outer ring raceway surface 10a and the outer ring raceway surface 10b. After that, it was ground to the final shape.
- the inner ring 3 and the rolling element 5 are made of SUJ2, and are hardened from the surface to the core by normal quenching.
- the bearing type of the manufactured flanged bearing device is a double row ball bearing with a rolling element pitch diameter of 49 mm, with 12 balls in each row.
- the flange 11 on the outer ring 4 was mounted on the fixed side, and the flange 6 on the hub wheel 2 was mounted on the rotating side, and a rotation test was performed under the following conditions. Therefore, when a rotation test is performed under these conditions, a bending stress is repeatedly applied to the base of the flange 6 of the hub wheel 2.
- Axial load F a 500 ON
- Rotational speed 40 Om in- 1
- a 45 h rotation test was performed to check whether bearing vibration had increased or whether there was a fatigue crack around the flange.
- Replacement paper for vibration (Rule 28) If there was no cracking around the flange and the periphery of the flange, the radial load was gradually increased and a 40-hour rotation test was performed. The radial test was performed when the bearing vibration increased or a fatigue crack occurred around the flange. The load was taken as the durable load.
- Table 6 shows the results of the rotation test.
- the endurance load shown in Table 12 is expressed as a ratio, with the rotation test result of Comparative Example 1-9 set to 1.0.
- Example 1 to 1 to 18 shown in Table 12 the alloy composition and hot forging conditions were within the ranges specified in the present invention, so that a good metallographic structure was obtained, and The rolling bending fatigue strength of the part and the rolling fatigue life of the raceway part subjected to induction hardening are excellent, and good rotation test results are obtained.
- Comparative Examples 1-9 and 110 since the material heating temperature during hot forging (heating holding temperature) was higher than the range specified in the present invention, the fatigue strength of the non-heat treated part was inferior, and the rotation test was performed. Resulted in low endurance load.
- Comparative Example 1-11 since the material heating temperature during hot forging was lower than the range specified in the present invention, the deformation resistance was large, and the load on the press molding machine and the mold was large. Ceased.
- Comparative Examples 1-1 and 12 since the average cooling rate after forging was lower than the range specified in the present invention, coarse proeutectoid ferrite was generated, and the endurance load in the rotation test was low.
- Comparative Examples 11 to 13 the processing was stopped because the average cooling rate after forging was higher than the range specified in the present invention, so that the hardness of the non-heat treated portion was increased and the machinability was significantly reduced.
- Fig. 10 shows the relationship between the material heating temperature during forging (heating holding temperature) and the endurance load in the rotation test. In Fig. 10, the comparison is made with the same average cooling rate.
- Fig. 11 shows the relationship between the average cooling rate from the end of forging and 600 ° C to the endurable load in the rotation test. In FIG. 11, the comparison is made with the material heating temperature kept constant at 100 ° C.
- the hub wheel 2 was similarly manufactured by changing the steel type, a bearing device with a flange was assembled, and a rotation test was performed under the following conditions.
- Table 13 shows the rotation test results.
- the endurance load shown in Table 13 is expressed as a ratio with the rotation test result of Comparative Example 2-8 set to 1.0.
- Examples 2-1 to 2-7 shown in Table 13 since the alloy components and hot forging conditions were within the ranges specified in the present invention, a good metallographic structure was obtained, and The rolling bending fatigue strength of the part and the rolling fatigue life of the raceway part subjected to induction hardening are excellent, and good rotation test results are obtained.
- Examples 2-4 to 2-7 since V, Nb or Ti was added, the structure of the non-heat treated portion was refined, and the fatigue strength of the non-heat treated portion was further increased.
- the rolling fatigue of the induction hardened raceway is also good due to the precipitation of carbides and nitrides.
- Comparative Examples 2-8 the alloy components are within the range specified by the present invention, but since the material heating temperature during hot forging is higher than the range specified by the present invention, the fatigue strength of the non-heat treated part is low. Inferior, the endurance load of the rotation test was low. In Comparative Examples 2-9, since the amount of S contained in the alloy element was higher than the range specified in the present invention, forging cracks were likely to occur, and processing was stopped because cracks occurred after forging. .
- the inner or outer member having a flange is formed into a predetermined shape by cutting and drilling after being formed by hot forging. After that, induction hardening is performed on a predetermined part to form a hardened layer, and the raceway and the like are finished by grinding.
- the metal structure of the inner or outer member with a flange made of medium carbon steel after hot forging is such that proeutectoid ferrite precipitates in a network along the former austenite grain boundaries. It becomes ferrite and pearlite structure. In the metal structure, it is effective to increase the area ratio of the proeutectoid ferrite and to finely disperse and precipitate the proeutectoid ferrite in order to improve the machinability and drilling workability.
- the area ratio of proeutectoid ferrite is increased by reducing the C content of steel as compared with the prior art.
- the austenite crystal grains are refined due to the pinning effect of the carbides or nitrides of V, so that the precipitation unit of proeutectoid ferrite that precipitates along the former austenite crystal grains is fine.
- the carbides or nitrides of V themselves serve as precipitation nuclei for pro-eutectoid ferrite. There is.
- the area ratio of proeutectoid ferrite is 5% or more and 15% or less.
- the area ratio of proeutectoid ferrite can be controlled to a desired area ratio by controlling the amount of carbon, the forging temperature during hot forging, or the cooling rate after hot forging.
- the non-tempered part that has not been subjected to induction hardening is used as it is after hot forging.However, the effect of the fine dispersion of ferrite by the addition of V described above improves the fatigue strength of the non-tempered part. Also contributes. The reason is described below.
- Refining the prior austenite grain size has the effect of suppressing stress concentration at the grain boundaries.
- ferrite has a lower strength than pearlite, so it is more likely to be a starting point or a propagation path for fatigue cracks. Therefore, the smallest unit of fatigue crack is reduced by finely dividing proeutectoid ferrite. As described above, fatigue damage can be effectively suppressed.
- V contributes to precipitation hardening of ferrite
- Si added in the present invention contributes to solid solution strengthening of ferrite. Therefore, in the ferrite-pearlite structure, the pro-eutectoid ferrite phase, which is a low-strength part, is strengthened, so that the strength of the weakest part is improved and the fatigue strength is improved.
- the fatigue strength of the non-heat treated part is improved by refining the prior austenite grains, finely dispersing the pro-eutectoid ferrite, and strengthening the ferrite.
- the metal structure of the raceway having a hardened layer formed by induction hardening mainly becomes a martensite structure, and a rolling fatigue life is required.
- the C content is reduced, the amount of carbides is reduced and the strength of the base martensite is reduced, so that the rolling fatigue life is reduced.
- V is added to the steel used in the present invention, fine V carbides or nitrides are dispersed in martensite.
- the carbide or nitride of V has a very high hardness, and when finely dispersed, the wear resistance and hardness are improved, so that the rolling fatigue life is improved.
- Si forms a solid solution in martensite and strengthens the base material of martensite, which has the effect of improving the rolling fatigue life. Furthermore, even if tempering is performed after quenching steel with a reduced C content to significantly improve tempering resistance, the hardness can be kept low, and good hardness can be maintained, and rolling fatigue life can be improved. keep.
- the rolling fatigue life can be favorably maintained by adding a predetermined amount of V and Si.
- C is an element that greatly affects the hardness after hot forging and the hardness after quenching and tempering. If it is less than 0.45% by weight, the hardness during quenching is insufficient, and Rolling fatigue life decreases. In addition, the hardness after hot forging is insufficient, so that the bending fatigue strength of the non-heat treated part also decreases. However, if C exceeds 0.5% by weight, the hardness after hot forging becomes large, and the machinability and drilling workability are reduced, and it takes a long working time to improve the working accuracy. Therefore, when 1 is 0.3 to 1.5% by weight and V is 0.33 to 0.3% by weight, the C content of the present invention is 0.45% by weight or more and 0.50% by weight. The following is assumed.
- Si is an element that enhances martensite and further enhances tempering resistance, thereby improving the rolling fatigue life.
- the fatigue strength of the non-heat treated part is also improved.
- C is 0.45 to 0.5% by weight
- the above effect is insufficient when 1 is less than 0.3% by weight.
- the content of 51 exceeds 1.5% by weight, the hot forgeability decreases. Therefore, the Si content of the present invention is set to 0.3% by weight or more and 1.5% by weight or less.
- the amount of 31 should be 0.65% by weight or more and 1.0% by weight or less.
- V is an important element that improves the fatigue strength of the non-heat treated part and the rolling fatigue life of the induction hardened part.
- V reduces the prior austenite grains and further contributes to the fine dispersion of proeutectoid ferrite, thereby improving the fatigue strength of the non-heat treated part.
- carbides or nitrides of V have extremely high hardness, if they are finely dispersed in the martensitic structure of the induction hardened raceway, the wear resistance is improved and the rolling fatigue life is improved. is there. If V is less than 0.03% by weight, the above effects cannot be obtained. If V exceeds 0.3% by weight, hot forgeability, machinability and grindability decrease.
- the V content of the present invention is set to 0.03% by weight or more and 0.3% by weight or less.
- the V content is 0.03% by weight or more and 0.1% by weight or less, and more preferably 0.05% by weight or more and 0.1% by weight or less.
- Mn is an element that improves the hardenability of steel. However, if it exceeds 1.5% by weight, machinability and drilling workability will be reduced. Therefore, the amount of Mn in the present invention is 1.5% by weight or less. Preferably, the Mn content is 0.5% by weight or more and 1.0% by weight or less in consideration of productivity during hardening, machinability, and drilling workability.
- the Cr content of the present invention is set to 1.0% by weight or less.
- the amount of (: 1 " is from 0.1% by weight to 0.5% by weight.
- Mn S forms non-metallic inclusions such as MnS in steel.
- Mn S present in the induction hardened raceway serves as a starting point for peeling due to rolling fatigue and shortens the rolling fatigue life.
- Mn S in the non-heat-treated portion may be a starting point of the split of the swaging portion 9. .
- the S content of the present invention is set to 0.035% by weight or less.
- the amount of S is set to not more than 0.020% by weight in consideration of securing a stable rolling fatigue life and preventing cracking of the swaged portion.
- 0 is an element that has a significant effect on the rolling fatigue of the induction hardened raceway.
- ⁇ forms non-metallic inclusions, such as A 1 2 ⁇ 3 in the steel, reduce the rolling fatigue life becomes a starting point of peeling due rolling fatigue. Therefore, in order to improve the rolling fatigue life, the smaller the weight, the better. If the O content exceeds 15 ppm, the rolling fatigue life may be reduced. Therefore, the O content of the present invention is set to 15 ppm or less.
- the value of C + 0.2 Si + 0.5V indicates the contribution of Si and V to rolling fatigue life when C is reduced.
- the rolling fatigue life is reduced, but by adding Si and V, the rolling fatigue life can be suppressed from being reduced.
- the value of C + 0.2 Si + 0.5V is less than 0.55, the rolling fatigue life is reduced.
- the value of C + 0.2 S i + 0.5V in the present invention is set to 0.55 or more and 0.75 or less.
- the value of C + 0.2 Si + 0.5V is 0.60 or more and 0.70 or less in consideration of stable improvement of rolling life and productivity.
- the surface hardness of the raceway portion of the hardened layer formed by induction hardening is preferably Hv630 to Hv750. If the hardness of the raceway surface is less than Hv 630, the rolling fatigue life is reduced due to insufficient hardness. On the other hand, if the alloy component specified in the present invention exceeds Hv 750, the toughness is reduced, and the impact resistance is reduced. Therefore, the surface hardness of the raceway portion of the hardened layer formed by the induction hardening of the present invention is Hv 630 or more and Hv 750 or less. More preferably, it is set to Hv 700 or more to improve the rolling life.
- the non-heat-treated part around the flange requires rotational bending fatigue strength.
- the member used in the flanged bearing device of the present invention is characterized in that ferrite in the metal structure is finely dispersed and precipitated. As a result, the fatigue strength has improved. However, if it is less than Hv220, the fatigue strength of the non-heat-treated part decreases. On the other hand, if it exceeds Hv300, the machinability and drilling workability decrease. Therefore, the hardness of the non-refined part that has not been hardened by induction hardening according to the present invention is Hv 220 or more and Hv 300 or less. More preferably, Hv240 or more and Hv280 or less in consideration of the stable improvement of the fatigue strength of the non-heat-treated portion and the productivity during cutting and drilling.
- the rolling element used in the present invention it is preferable to use a high carbon chromium bearing steel such as SUJ2, or a carbonitrided high carbon chromium bearing steel.
- the shape of the rolling element to be used can be a ball or a roller depending on the application.
- the inner ring 3 is preferably made of a high carbon chromium bearing steel such as SUJ2.
- the hub wheel 2 was made of a steel having the alloy components shown in Table 14 and was subjected to hot forging at 100 to 115 ° C., followed by cutting and drilling to obtain a predetermined shape. After that, induction hardening and tempering were performed from the periphery of the inner ring raceway surface 7b to the periphery of the small-diameter stepped portion 8, thereby forming a hardened layer on the surface, and finishing by grinding. Table 14 also shows the surface hardness of the raceway part subjected to induction hardening and the hardness of the non-heat treated part not subjected to induction hardening.
- the outer ring 4 is manufactured using S53C, and the periphery of the outer ring raceway surface 10a and the periphery of the outer ring raceway surface 10b are subjected to induction hardening and have a hardened surface layer.
- the inner ring 3 and the rolling elements 5 are made of SUJ2, and are hardened from the surface to the core by ordinary quenching.
- the bearing type of the manufactured flanged bearing device is a double row ball bearing with a rolling element pitch diameter of 49 mm, with 12 balls in each row.
- a rotation test was performed under the following conditions. Radial load Fr: 980 ON
- a drilling test was performed using the hub wheel 2 of the manufactured bearing device with flange. Under the following conditions, a flange 6 was drilled with a diameter of 8 ⁇ and a depth of 13mm. Drill material: SKH 51
- Table 14 shows the results.
- the wear amount in Table 14 is expressed as a ratio, with the life of the conventional product shown in Comparative Example 3-1 as 1.0.
- the ferrite area ratio (%) also shown in Table 14 is obtained by mirror-polishing and etching the cross-section of the non-heat treated part of the outer root part 14 of the flange 6 provided in the hub wheel 2.
- the hardness of the non-heat-treated part (Hv) also shown in Table 14 is measured by measuring the cross-section of the non-heat-treated part of the outer base 14 of the flange 6 of the hub wheel 2 with a Vickers hardness tester.
- the track hardness (Hv), which is also shown in Table 14, is obtained by cutting out the cross-section of the track provided in the hub wheel 2 and measuring the Pickers hardness at a depth of 0.2 mm from the track groove surface. It was measured by a machine.
- Example 3-1 to 3-1-10 shown in Table 14 the alloy composition was within the range specified in the present invention, so that the rotation test results were equal to or higher than those of the conventional product, and the drilling test was performed. Has improved workability.
- the rotation test results were superior to the conventional products, and the workability was particularly improved. I have.
- the alloy component is set in the range specified in the present invention, and the ferrite area ratio, the hardness of the non-heat treated part, and the hardness of the orbital part subjected to induction hardening are set in the predetermined ranges. It is possible to obtain a flanged bearing device that is excellent in workability while maintaining good fatigue strength of the part and the rolling life of the induction hardened raceway.
- the case where the inner member is the hub wheel 2 is taken as an example.
- the present invention may be applied to a flange of the hub wheel using the outer member as a hub wheel.
- the case where the present invention is applied to only the hub wheel 2 is taken as an example.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention is applied to the inner ring 3 and the outer ring 4 in addition to the hub wheel 2. May be applied.
- the cost is increased without changing the shape and dimensions of the flange and increasing the number of induction hardened parts. Without this, it is possible to increase the strength of the flange, which is the weakest part of rotational bending fatigue. As a result, the thickness of the flange can be reduced, and the weight of the flanged bearing device can be reduced.
- the hub wheel 2 The outer race 4 and the outer ring each have C of 0.45 to 0.60% by weight, Mn of 0.3 to 1.5% by weight, Si of 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, and Cr of 0.
- the hardened layer is formed by induction hardening also on the portions of the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 4 where the first and second outer ring raceways 10a and 10b are formed. Has formed. Further, at least the hardened layer formed on the first inner raceway 7a and the first and second outer raceways 10a and 10b has a depth from the surface of the hardened layer. The hardness of the 0.1 mm position is Hv 670 or more. In addition, the old metal structure of this hardened layer The grain size of the austenite crystal is 8 or more as a grain size number according to JISG 0551.
- the inner ring 3 is made of SUJ2, and the whole is hardened (up to the core).
- a tensile stress based on the moment load applied to the rotating flange 6 during operation is not applied.
- the stress applied to the second inner raceway 7b is only the shear stress caused by the compressive stress applied from each rolling element 5. Therefore, the second inner raceway 7b does not need to satisfy the above-described specifications of hardness and particle size.
- the hardness it is common sense to set the hardness to Hv670 or more in consideration of the rolling fatigue life of the second inner raceway 7b.
- the rolling bearing unit for wheel support had a pitch circle diameter of 49 mm and a total of 24 rolling elements, 12 in each row. Then, by changing the specification of the hub wheel 2 of the rolling bearing unit for supporting the wheel, the effect of the change in the specification on the durability (rolling fatigue life) of the first inner raceway 7a was observed.
- the hub wheel 2 was made of four types of steel materials indicated as A to D in Table 15 below. Table 15
- the four types of steel materials shown in Table 15 are hot forged to produce an intermediate material having an approximate shape, and then the intermediate material is subjected to cutting to obtain a predetermined shape.
- the hub wheel was 2. Then, on the outer peripheral surface of the hub wheel 2, induction hardening is performed on a portion (the oblique lattice portion in FIG. 1) from the first inner raceway 7 a to the step portion 8.
- the raceway surface hardness in Table 16 is the hardness of the hardened layer formed on the raceway at a depth of 0.1 mm from the surface.
- the former austenite grain size is a grain size number according to JIS G 0551, which is a grain size of a prior austenite crystal having a metal structure of the hardened layer.
- the rolling fatigue life is expressed as a ratio to the rolling fatigue life of Comparative Example 4 assuming that it is one.
- the outer ring 4 was made of steel material A in Table 15 and was manufactured in the same process as that of the hub wheel 2.
- the first and second outer ring raceways 10a and 10b and their peripheral parts were induction-fired.
- a hardened layer is formed by putting.
- the heating temperature during hot forging, the holding temperature and the holding time during induction hardening were adjusted, and the grain size of old austenite crystals in the hardened layer was set at 10.
- the inner ring 3 and the rolling elements 5 were made of SUJ2, and were hardened from the surface to the core by a normal quenching process (so-called subbing).
- Replacement paper (Rule 28) Endurance tests were performed on the thus obtained 12 types of samples (rolling bearing units for wheel support) under the following conditions.
- the fixed side flange 11 provided on the outer peripheral surface of the outer ring 4 was fixed, and the rotating side flange 6 provided on the outer peripheral surface of the hub wheel 2 was driven to rotate while applying the following load.
- Examples 1 to 8 show that the rolling fatigue life of the raceway portion subjected to induction hardening has a low rolling fatigue life. Are better.
- Comparative Example 4 Although the grain size of the crystal of the prior austenite was small, the content of reticles in the material was small, and the hardness of the hardened layer on the surface of the first inner raceway 7a after induction hardening was low. Low. For this reason, the rolling fatigue life of the first inner raceway 7a was shortened by the shear stress acting inside the material based on the compressive stress from the rolling elements. Since the present invention is configured and operates as described above, the rolling fatigue life of the raceway portion of the member provided with the flange is ensured, the thickness of the member can be reduced, and the weight of the rolling bearing unit for supporting the wheel is reduced. Can be realized.
- Another aspect of the present invention is to improve the fatigue strength of the root portion on the outer surface side of the flange formed on the outer peripheral surface of the hub without quenching the root portion.
- the structure appearing in the drawings is the same as the conventional structure shown in, for example, FIGS.
- the fatigue strength of the root portion on the inner surface side of the flange 6 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the hub wheel 2 is, as described above, hardened by quenching. It is secured based on.
- the fatigue strength of the root portion on the inner surface side of the flange 6 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the hub wheel 2 is smaller than that of the outer surface side.
- the base it is secured by the specified pro-eutectoid ferrite or by quenching separately. Since the distance from the root portion on the inner surface side of the flange 6 to the inner peripheral surface of the hatch ring 2 is also longer than the distance from the root portion on the outer surface side to the inner peripheral surface, the quenching effect occurs. A decrease in toughness is unlikely to be a problem.
- the oxygen concentration obtained by cutting the three types of raw materials A to (: Fe containing the elements shown in Table 17 below, and the rest being Fe and unavoidable impurities was obtained.
- the rod-shaped material having a content of 12 ppm or less is heated to 950 ° C. (: up to 120 ° C.) by high-frequency induction heating to change the austenite grain size, Table 17 shows hub wheels for driving wheels.
- the oxide film on the surface was removed by shot blasting.
- the area ratio of pro-eutectoid ferrite after cooling was adjusted by employing either forced air cooling or standing cooling.
- drilling holes to fix the studs to the flange to support the wheels, track surface, inner surface of the flange At the base of the side Induction hardening work to increase the hardness of the step for fitting the inner ring to the outside, polishing work to smooth the root on the outer surface, which is necessary to observe the raceway surface and the mouth opening structure was performed.
- the outer ring, the surface hardness of the inner ring each track, was H R C 5 8 than on the induction hardening.
- the microstructure ie, the prior austenite grain size and the area ratio of pro-eutectoid ferrite, were observed by polishing the base on the outer surface side and then corroding the surface with a picol, an etchant (picric acid alcohol solution). did.
- the prior austenite crystal grain size was determined by a method defined in JISG 0551 in a region surrounded by pro-eutectoid ferrite precipitated in a network along grain boundaries.
- the area ratio of pro-eutectoid ferrite was determined by image analysis in the area of 10 mm 2 at the root on the outer surface side of the flange, and the average value was obtained.
- Test time 00 hours (hr) The results of the tests performed under conditions such as are shown in Table 18 and Figure 14 below. Table 18
- the austenite crystal grain size at the root portion on the outer surface side of the flange 6 is 4 or more, and the area of the proeutrite ferrite In Examples 1 to 12 in which the ratio is in the range of 3 to 15%, the microstructure can be controlled to prevent cracks from occurring at the root portion on the outer surface side of the flange 6. Is 5 or more and the area ratio of proeutectoid ferrite is 3 to 9%, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of cracks in the entire hub wheel 2.
- This replacement paper (Rule 28) As shown in Table 18 and FIG. 14, the root of the flange 6 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the carbon steel rotating wheel containing 0.5 to 0.65% by weight of C on the axially outer surface side. It can be seen that the rolling bearing unit for wheel support, in which the microstructure of the part is a pro-eutectoid ferrite having an austenite crystal grain size of 4 or more and an area ratio of 3 to 15%, has excellent durability.
- Comparative Example 1 the austenite grain size was small (the grain size was large), so that not only could the crack at the root portion on the outer surface side of the flange 6 not be prevented, but also the workability was very poor. .
- Comparative Example 2 (conventional product), Comparative Example 3, and Comparative Example 4, the austenite crystal grain size was small (the crystal grain size was large), and the fatigue strength at the root was deteriorated.
- Comparative Examples 5 to 7 the area ratio of proeutectoid ferrite exceeded 15%, so that sufficient fatigue strength could not be obtained at the root.
- Comparative Example 8 the material had a large carbon content, and the hardness was reduced by performing an annealing treatment in order to improve the machinability, so that the fatigue strength of the root portion could not be secured.
- each intermediate material was subjected to a heat treatment (baking-in process) under the conditions shown in Table 20 described later.
- each intermediate material was heated to the temperature shown in Table 20, held for 30 minutes, cooled at a speed lower than the critical cooling rate, and then replaced with a shot paper (Rule 28).
- the oxide film on the surface was removed by the last.
- a total of 14 types of samples (4 types of examples (Examples 13 to 22)) and 4 types of samples (Comparative Examples 9 to 12) deviating from the present invention were prepared.
- Each of these samples was a double-row ball bearing type for driving wheels, and a rolling bearing unit for supporting wheels having a rolling element axial pitch of 59 mm and 12 balls.
- the microstructure that is, the austenitic crystal grain size and the area fraction of proeutectoid ferrite, were observed by polishing the base at the outer surface side and then corroding the surface with piclar, an etching solution (alcohol picrate solution). did.
- the austenite crystal grain size was determined by a method defined in JISG 0551 in a region surrounded by pro-eutectoid ferrite precipitated in a network along grain boundaries.
- the area ratio of proeutectoid ferrite was image-analyzed in a range of 10 mm 2 at the root on the outer surface side of the flange, and the average value was obtained.
- a tool life test, an impact test, and a fatigue strength test were performed on each of the above samples (rolling bearing units for wheel support) as described below.
- Feeding speed 0.1 thigh / rev
- Lubricating oil water-insoluble cutting oil
- each of the above samples was assembled in a test apparatus as shown in FIG. That is, with the outer ring 4 held and fixed to the jig 12, the hub ring 2, which is rotatably supported on the inner diameter side of the outer ring 4, is rotated, and the hub wheel 2 is subjected to the following test conditions, A radial load Fr and an axial load Fa were applied. Then, it was observed whether or not the root portion on the outer surface side of the flange 6 formed on the outer peripheral surface of the hub wheel 2 was damaged.
- Axial load F a 350 ON Under these conditions, the fatigue strength of the flange was evaluated based on the test time (durable time) until breakage. The results of this test are shown in Table 20 above. The results of this test are also shown as a ratio when the durability time of Example 22 was set to 1.
- the austenite crystal grain size at the root portion on the outer surface side of the flange 6 is 4 or more, and the area ratio of proeutectoid ferrite is 3 to 4.
- the material made of a suitable metal material is subjected to a suitable heat treatment (bake-in process)
- the microstructure is uniform and fine, and the tool is Life (cutting), impact value, and fatigue strength are all good.
- an intermediate material obtained by hot forging a carbon steel material containing 0.45 to 0.65% by weight of C was obtained.
- the rolling bearing unit for wheel support which is a pro-eutectoid ferrite, has high strength and excellent machinability.
- the austenite crystal grains grew because the heat treatment (baking-in) temperature was too high. As a result, the austenite grain size becomes smaller (the grain size becomes larger), which not only prevents cracks at the root of the outer surface of the flange 6 but also reduces the area ratio of proeutectoid ferrite to less than 3%.
- the microstructure of the root portion on the outer surface side of the flange formed on the outer peripheral surface of the rotating wheel for mounting the wheel without changing the shape and size of the flange, and
- the thickness of the flange can be reduced, and the weight of the wheel supporting rolling bearing unit can be reduced.
- the machinability can be improved and the tool life can be ensured.
- the hub wheel 2 of the rolling bearing unit 1 for supporting a wheel is formed of steel having an alloy component as shown in Table 21 and is manufactured by hot forging. It is characterized by the following. In order to change the degree of Mn segregation, some steels with different cooling rates and forging ratios at the time of solidification, and some steels that had been subjected to a diffusion treatment at 1200 before forging were used.
- the hub wheel 2 is machined into a predetermined shape by cutting, and induction hardening is applied to the area from the periphery of the inner ring raceway surface 7a to the periphery of the small-diameter stepped portion 8, and a hardened layer 13 (see FIG. In FIG. 1, a hatched portion in a grid pattern) is formed. Then, it is finished by grinding. Table 21
- Table 21 also shows the Mn segregation degree of the steel and the hardness of the swaged portion (Vickers hardness).
- the graph in Fig. 15 shows the correlation between the Mn content of steel and the degree of Mn segregation. This hardness is obtained by measuring the fracture surface of the cylindrical part 9 at five points with a load of 98 N and showing the average value. The degree of Mn segregation was measured with an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). From the determined Mn concentration distribution of the fracture surface of the cylindrical portion 9 and the maximum manganese concentration [Mn] (manganese concentration in the portion containing solid solution Mn), the above was calculated.
- EPMA electron probe microanalyzer
- the inner ring 3 is formed of S53C.
- the outer race 4 is formed of S53C, and is manufactured by hot forging at 110 ° C. Then, after hot forging, cutting is performed, and induction hardening is performed around the outer raceway surface 10a and around the outer raceway surface 10b. After that, grinding is performed to obtain the final shape. Further, the rolling elements 5 are formed of SUJ2.
- wheel-supporting rolling bearing units 1 are assembled by rocking under the following conditions. That is, while rotating the hub wheel 2 at a rotational speed of 20 O min- 1 , a radially outward load (20000 ON) is applied to the end of the cylindrical portion 9 to spread it out.
- the inner ring 3 was attached to the hub wheel 2 by caulking. At this time, the axial clearance was set to 115 m.
- the evaluation criteria for the caulking property were defined as non-defective products if no cracks were found on the surface of the caulked portion, and defective products if cracks were confirmed and no adequate axial clearance was obtained. Then, the rejection rate (%) per 100 cycles was calculated and shown in Table 21.
- the rolling bearing units for wheel support of Examples 1 to 17 each had a low Mn segregation degree of steel, and thus all had a low defect rate.
- the rolling bearing unit for wheel support of Comparative Example 1 having a low C content has a low defect rate, but this is due to the fact that the low C content has improved the elongation and drawing value.
- Comparative Example 1 is a problem because the strength of steel is insufficient due to the low C content.
- Comparative Example 2 having a high C content also had a problem that the cold workability was particularly deteriorated.
- the present embodiment is an example of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the present embodiment.
- the bearing type of the wheel-supporting rolling bearing unit is a double-row ball bearing, but other bearing types such as a single-row ball bearing may be used.
- the rolling bearing unit for supporting a wheel of the present invention controls the Mn segregation degree of the steel constituting the hub wheel to a predetermined value. The homogenization of the nopalite structure was achieved, and the elongation and reduction of the steel were improved. Therefore, even if caulking is performed to fix the inner ring integrally with the hub wheel, cracks are unlikely to occur.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03741405A EP1541377A4 (en) | 2002-07-15 | 2003-07-15 | ROLLER BEARING UNIT FOR SUPPORT WHEEL |
| US11/035,766 US7004637B1 (en) | 2002-07-15 | 2005-01-14 | Wheel-support rolling bearing unit |
Applications Claiming Priority (20)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002205632 | 2002-07-15 | ||
| JP2002-205632 | 2002-07-15 | ||
| JP2002246103 | 2002-08-27 | ||
| JP2002-246103 | 2002-08-27 | ||
| JP2002251216 | 2002-08-29 | ||
| JP2002-251216 | 2002-08-29 | ||
| JP2002263944 | 2002-09-10 | ||
| JP2002-263944 | 2002-09-10 | ||
| JP2002-284888 | 2002-09-30 | ||
| JP2002284888 | 2002-09-30 | ||
| JP2002-336628 | 2002-11-20 | ||
| JP2002336628A JP2004156764A (ja) | 2002-08-29 | 2002-11-20 | フランジ付軸受装置及び該装置の製造方法 |
| JP2003-2006 | 2003-01-08 | ||
| JP2003002006A JP4225061B2 (ja) | 2002-08-27 | 2003-01-08 | 車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニット |
| JP2003-13632 | 2003-01-22 | ||
| JP2003013632A JP2004225790A (ja) | 2003-01-22 | 2003-01-22 | 車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニット |
| JP2003019142A JP4423858B2 (ja) | 2003-01-28 | 2003-01-28 | 車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニットの製造方法 |
| JP2003-19142 | 2003-01-28 | ||
| JP2003167239A JP2004100946A (ja) | 2002-07-15 | 2003-06-12 | 車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニット |
| JP2003-167239 | 2003-06-12 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/035,766 Continuation US7004637B1 (en) | 2002-07-15 | 2005-01-14 | Wheel-support rolling bearing unit |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004007219A1 true WO2004007219A1 (ja) | 2004-01-22 |
Family
ID=30119562
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2003/008977 Ceased WO2004007219A1 (ja) | 2002-07-15 | 2003-07-15 | 車輪支持用転がり軸受ユニット |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7004637B1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1541377A4 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN100347459C (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2004007219A1 (ja) |
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| EP1731777A4 (en) * | 2004-03-10 | 2009-04-22 | Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd | MACHINE ELEMENT AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR |
| US7866893B2 (en) | 2004-12-02 | 2011-01-11 | Ntn Corporation | Bearing apparatus for a wheel of vehicle |
| EP1726388A4 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2011-05-04 | Jtekt Corp | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A BEARING DEVICE FOR VEHICLES |
| CN105506263A (zh) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-04-20 | 陕西航天动力高科技股份有限公司 | 一种微型轿车用变矩器泵轮毂的加工工艺 |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100443755C (zh) * | 2003-06-11 | 2008-12-17 | Ntn株式会社 | 车轮轴承装置 |
| EP1726388A4 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2011-05-04 | Jtekt Corp | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A BEARING DEVICE FOR VEHICLES |
| WO2005088146A1 (ja) | 2004-03-10 | 2005-09-22 | Ntn Corporation | 車輪用軸受装置 |
| EP1731776A4 (en) * | 2004-03-10 | 2009-04-22 | Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd | Bearing device for wheel |
| EP1731777A4 (en) * | 2004-03-10 | 2009-04-22 | Ntn Toyo Bearing Co Ltd | MACHINE ELEMENT AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR |
| US7776453B2 (en) | 2004-03-10 | 2010-08-17 | Ntn Corporation | Machine element and method for manufacturing thereof |
| US7824106B2 (en) | 2004-03-10 | 2010-11-02 | Ntn Corporation | Bearing device for wheel |
| US7866893B2 (en) | 2004-12-02 | 2011-01-11 | Ntn Corporation | Bearing apparatus for a wheel of vehicle |
| WO2006132314A1 (ja) * | 2005-06-09 | 2006-12-14 | Ntn Corporation | ハブベアリング用グリースおよびハブベアリング |
| CN105506263A (zh) * | 2015-12-18 | 2016-04-20 | 陕西航天动力高科技股份有限公司 | 一种微型轿车用变矩器泵轮毂的加工工艺 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1541377A1 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
| CN100347459C (zh) | 2007-11-07 |
| US7004637B1 (en) | 2006-02-28 |
| CN1678469A (zh) | 2005-10-05 |
| US20050141799A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
| EP1541377A4 (en) | 2008-01-02 |
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