WO2004067453A1 - 難分解性有害物質含有廃水の処理方法 - Google Patents
難分解性有害物質含有廃水の処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004067453A1 WO2004067453A1 PCT/JP2003/009881 JP0309881W WO2004067453A1 WO 2004067453 A1 WO2004067453 A1 WO 2004067453A1 JP 0309881 W JP0309881 W JP 0309881W WO 2004067453 A1 WO2004067453 A1 WO 2004067453A1
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
- C02F1/5245—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents using basic salts, e.g. of aluminium and iron
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- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
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- C02F1/722—Oxidation by peroxides
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- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
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- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/286—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using natural organic sorbents or derivatives thereof
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- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/36—Organic compounds containing halogen
- C02F2101/366—Dioxine; Furan
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- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for treating wastewater containing a hardly decomposable harmful substance. More specifically, it is difficult to decompose from wastewater containing persistent harmful substances.
- It relates to a wastewater treatment method that coagulates and separates harmful substances and efficiently decomposes the separated hardly decomposable harmful substances.
- Refractory substances such as dioxins, which are known to be harmful to the human body, that is, refractory harmful substances are derived from incineration facilities for municipal solid waste and industrial waste, various combustion facilities, equipment, etc. Released to nature.
- the sources of wastewater containing these compounds include chlorine-based bleaching equipment in kraft pulp manufacturing plants, equipment for decomposing waste PCBs or processed PCBs, cleaning equipment for PCB contaminated or processed PCBs, aluminum and aluminum Waste gas cleaning equipment related to melting furnaces used for the production of alloys, wet dust collection equipment, waste pits that discharge sewage, etc. are known. That is, salt-containing If it is a process using elemental compounds, it may be generated.
- ultraviolet irradiation treatment is a technology that can be used only in a reaction system that can transmit ultraviolet light, and cannot be used for liquids and solids containing solids.
- the persistent hard-to-decompose substances removed in the pretreatment must be separately rendered harmless to prevent cross-contamination.
- the present invention aggregates and separates hard-to-decompose harmful substances from wastewater containing hard-to-decompose harmful substances, and efficiently decomposes the separated hard-to-degrade harmful substances in a solid state It is an object of the present invention to provide a wastewater treatment method.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above object, and as a result, agglutinated and separated the hardly decomposable harmful substances contained in the wastewater using a flocculant, and converted the solids containing the hardly decomposable harmful substances into solids. It has been found that the purpose can be achieved by contacting the oxide. The present invention has been completed based on such findings.
- Flame-retardant hazardous substances are halogenated dibenzodioxins, halogenated dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls, halogenated benzenes, alkylphenols, phenols, and phenols. At least one selected from lipophilic alkynes, halogenated alkenes, phthalates, bisphenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
- the iron-based flocculant is at least one selected from ferric sulfate, ferric polysulfate, ferric chloride and polyferric chloride.
- the aluminum-based flocculant is aluminum chloride and / or The method for treating wastewater containing hardly decomposable harmful substances according to (3) above, which is aluminum chloride;
- the above-mentioned aggregation promoter is an inorganic porous material or an organic porous material.
- step (B) a filtration method, a centrifugal separation method or a membrane separation method, wherein the method for treating wastewater containing a hardly degradable harmful substance according to the above (1),
- the peroxide used in the (10) (C) step is an oxidizing agent as described above.
- the persulfate is at least one selected from ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfate, and calcium sulfate.
- the peroxide used in step (C) is at least one selected from the group consisting of peroxide salts, superoxides and organic peroxides. Treatment method for wastewater containing substances,
- the hardly decomposable substances are halogenated dibenzodioxins, halogenated dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls, halogenated benzenes, alkynolephenols, halogenated phenols, halogenated alkanes Selected from halogenated alkenes, phthalic esters, bisphenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (20) the method for decomposing hardly decomposable substances, which is at least one kind of
- Peroxidic acid salt is at least one selected from persulfate, permanganate, perborate and organic peroxide. Decomposition method,
- persulfate is at least one selected from ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfate, and calcium sulfate.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solid-liquid separation device equipped with a bag filter used in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- valve, 10 bag filter, 11; pressure gauge (filter 12 to 13; pump, 14; heat exchanger, 15; temperature control trap, 16, wastewater line Best mode for carrying out the invention
- Examples of the hardly decomposable harmful substance in the method for treating wastewater containing hardly decomposable harmful substances of the present invention include, for example, halogenated dibenzodioxins ( Dioxins), halogenated dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), nitrogen benzenes, alkynolephenols, halogenated phenols, halogenated alkanes, halogenated alkanes, Examples include phthalates, bisphenols, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
- halogenated dibenzodioxins examples include 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p_dioxin, 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo_p-dioxin, 1,2,3,4,7,8_Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8_Heptachlorodibenzo- ⁇ -dioxin, 1,2,3,4 , 6, 7, 8, 9-octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and the like.
- halogenated dibenzofurans examples include 2,3,7,8—tetrachlorobenzofuran, 1,2,3,7,8— ⁇ To 2,3-, 4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,4,7,8-hexachlorodibenzofuran, 12,3,6,7,8- Dibenzofuran, 1,2,3,7,8,9 -hexacyclodibenzofuran, 2
- polychlorinated biphenyls examples include, for example, coplanar (CoP 1 anar) PCBs in which a chlorine atom is substituted at a position other than the ortho position, and specifically, 3, 3 'and 44'- Tetrakuro Mouth Bihueno Nore
- nodrogen-dani benzenes examples include di-doped compounds such as chlorobenzene, dichloronorrebenzene, trichloronolebenzene, tetrachloronolebencene, pentacnolebenzene, and hexanolenolebenzene.
- alkyl phenols examples include compounds such as t-butyl phenol, noninolephenol, otatinolephenole, and pentinophenol
- halogenated phenols include, for example, Compounds such as (b) phenolic, phenolic (phenolic), phenolic (phenolic), phenolic (tetrachloro), phenolic (phenolic), etc.
- halogenated alkanes and halogenated alkenes examples include dichloropropane, trichloroethane, and trichloroethane.
- Phthalates such as dibutyl phthalate, butynolebenzinolephthalate, and di-2-ethylenequinolephthalein. And the like.
- bisphenols examples include 2,2_bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) prononone (bisphenol A) and 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) mouth.
- bisphenol A 2,2_bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) prononone
- 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) mouth examples include compounds such as hexane, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons include, for example, benzopyrene, thalicene, benzoanthracene, benzofunolene lansen, and picene.
- the wastewater treatment method of the present invention includes the use of dibenzodioxin halides (dioxins), polychlorinated bifuninyls (PCBs), halogenated benzenes, alkynolephenols, It is preferably applied to phenols, bisphenols and halogenated dibenzofurans.
- dibenzodioxin halides dioxins
- PCBs polychlorinated bifuninyls
- halogenated benzenes alkynolephenols
- alkynolephenols It is preferably applied to phenols, bisphenols and halogenated dibenzofurans.
- the pH of the wastewater containing the hardly decomposable harmful substance is adjusted to 6 It is desirable to adjust between ⁇ 12. If the pH is less than 6, the piping of the treatment apparatus may be corroded, and if the pH exceeds 12, neutralization of the final wastewater becomes complicated.
- the basic substance that adjusts the pH will
- the hardly decomposable harmful substance is aggregated by performing the step (A), that is, by adding a flocculant to the pH adjusted wastewater.
- the coagulant used in the present invention is preferably an iron-based and / or aluminum-based inorganic coagulant.
- iron-based flocculants include sulfuric acid Examples thereof include ferric oxide, ferric polysulfate, ferric chloride, and polyferric chloride.
- aluminum-based coagulant include aluminum chloride and polyaluminum chloride.
- Organic coagulants such as polyacrylic acid and polyacrylamide polymers can also be used.
- the above coagulants can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the coagulant to be added is not particularly limited, and is appropriately selected according to the type of the coagulant to be used, the amount of the coagulating component in the wastewater, and the like. 0.0001 to: 10 wt%, preferably 0.0000: selected from the range of! To 1 wt%.
- an aggregation promoter can be used in combination with the aggregation agent.
- the coagulation accelerator used in the present invention include inorganic porous materials such as diatomaceous earth, zeolite, perlite, and activated clay, and organic porous materials such as activated carbon and ion exchange resin. Can be.
- the type of the coagulation promoter can be properly selected according to the treatment water. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the coagulation promoter to be added is not particularly limited, and is appropriately selected according to the type of the coagulation promoter used, the amount of the coagulation component in the wastewater, and the like.
- the addition amount may be determined from the filtration area.
- the addition amount may be determined based on the turbidity of the wastewater.
- Step (B) in the wastewater treatment method of the present invention is a step of solid-liquid separation of a liquid component and a solid component containing a hardly decomposable harmful substance.
- a membrane separation method, a filtration method, a centrifugation method, or the like can be used as the solid-liquid separation method.
- various membranes such as MF (microfiltration), UF (ultrafiltration), NF (nanofiltration), and RO (reverse osmosis) membrane can be used as the separation membrane.
- MF and UF membranes can be used at low pressure, and are preferable from the viewpoint of cost.
- Examples of the material of the MF membrane include cellulose, polyamide, polyphenol-based, polypropylene-based, cenorellose-acetate, polyestersulfone-based, and polyacryl-toluene-based materials. Each resin is used.
- a polyamide type, a polysulfone type, a polypropylene type, a polyvinyl pyrrolidone type and the like are used as the material of the UF film.
- a bag filter is used as a suitable method.
- a sand filtration method can be adopted, and a full-flow filtration method or a crossflow method may be used.
- the step (C) in the wastewater treatment method of the present invention is a step of decomposing the hard-to-decompose harmful substance by bringing a peroxide into contact with the separated solid matter containing the hardly-decomposable harmful substance.
- the aforementioned hardly decomposable harmful substances agglomerated in the solid content can be oxidatively decomposed in a solid state by peroxide without performing a desorption operation. Therefore, the operation is simple, and the risk of recontamination of the human body and the surrounding environment can be avoided.
- peroxide used in the present invention permanganate, sodium peroxide, barium peroxide, zinc peroxide, cadmium peroxide, potassium peroxide, calcium peroxide
- peroxides used as preferred oxidizing agents are permanganate and persulfate.
- permanganate examples include zinc permanganate, permanganate potassium, potassium permanganate, calcium permanganate, silver permanganate, strontium permanganate, and permanganate.
- examples include shim, sodium permanganate, barium permanganate, magnesium permanganate, lithium permanganate, and norobidium permanganate.
- persulfate examples include ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, potassium hydrogen persulfate, lead persulfate, and rubidium persulfate.
- persulfates such as ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate and persulfuric acid rim are particularly preferred. These may be used alone or in a combination of two or more. The amount used is preferably based on the number of moles of the hardly decomposable harmful substance adsorbed on the solid content.
- the amount of peroxide to be added depends on the pH of the treated water ', but when only the reaction is promoted, it may be added in consideration of the oxidizing power of persulfuric acid.
- the peroxide is brought into contact with the wastewater in a state of being dissolved in the wastewater.
- another oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide or ozone is allowed to coexist. Is also good.
- a metal salt, a metal oxide, or the like may coexist.
- an appropriate amount of an organic solvent can be added to the reaction system.
- organic solvents an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of ketones having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and carboxylic acid esters having 2 to 6 carbon atoms is preferably used.
- ketones having 3 to 6 carbon atoms include, for example, acetone, methylethylketone, getylketone, and methylisobutylketone.
- Examples of alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, various butynoleanol cones, ethylene glycol cone, propylene glycol cone, and ethylene glycol.
- examples of the carboxylic acid esters having 2 to 6 carbon atoms include methyl formate, ethyl formate, methyl acetate, ethynole acetate, methyl propionate, methyl ethionate propionate, and lactic acid.
- Persulfate is decomposed by heating to generate bisulfate ion radicals, sulfate ion radicals and hydroxy radicals, and these radicals decompose hardly decomposable harmful substances such as dioxin. Since they emit electrons in a short period of time, it is preferable to stir the solid content obtained by aggregating the hardly decomposable harmful substances and to stir the mixture in order to increase the decomposition efficiency.
- This agitation is advantageous because the more intense the probability of contact between the radical and the hardly decomposable harmful substance is increased, but the agitation is limited, and depending on the capacity of the decomposition vessel and the viscosity of the slurry, etc. It is preferable to work hard as far as it is not economically disadvantageous.
- reaction temperature for oxidatively decomposing the hardly decomposable harmful substance aggregated in the solid content with peroxide is preferably from room temperature to 100 ° C. New More preferably, it is 40 ° C to 100 ° C. If the temperature is lower than 40 ° C, the time required for decomposition may be long.
- the higher the oxidative decomposition treatment temperature the higher the decomposition rate.
- a pressure vessel is required. It is preferred that the digestion be performed under atmospheric pressure below the temperature.
- dioxin and other difficult-to-decompose harmful substances evaporate as the temperature rises as water evaporates. It is necessary to provide processing facilities.
- the sulfuric acid generated during the oxidative decomposition treatment with the preferred persulfate is neutralized to maintain the pH at 6 or more, preferably 7 or more, and the decomposition reaction is performed.
- a basic substance is a compound that is not oxidized by persulfate and causes secondary pollution when the treated slurry is transferred to a final disposal site such as a landfill and disposed of. It is important to select compounds that do not.
- a basic substance for example, hydroxides, oxides and weak acid salts of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, as well as ammonia and organic basic compounds, one or more as appropriate. Two or more types can be selected and used.
- alkali metal or alkali earth metal hydroxide include hydroxides such as sodium, potassium, and calcium. Preferred examples include sodium oxide, potassium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, sodium superoxide, potassium superoxide, calcium superoxide, barium superoxide, and the like. Among the above compounds, superoxide also has an action as an oxidizing agent, and Good. Further, examples of the weak acid salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal include sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide lime, sodium hydrogen carbonate, hydrogen carbonate lime, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate and the like. Examples of the basic compound include various amines.
- These basic substances may be added to the solid content in advance, or may be added sequentially during the reaction. In this way, by maintaining the pH of the decomposition reaction solution at 6 or more, preferably 7 or more, it is not necessary to use an expensive corrosion-resistant reaction vessel, and an inexpensive iron reaction vessel can be used. can do.
- the heating method when heating, is not particularly limited, and any of an electric heating type, a heating water supply type, a steam suction type, a boiler type, and the like can be used. Be careful not to increase the water content. If the water content is too high, the persulfate concentration for the reaction will decrease.
- the oxidative decomposition treatment time is affected by the treatment temperature and other conditions, and cannot be specified unconditionally, but is usually about 10 minutes to 50 hours.
- the persulfate is brought into sufficient contact with the solids in advance, then permeated into the solids, and then heated, etc., and then hardly decomposed. It is desirable to oxidatively decompose toxic substances.
- Oxidative decomposition treatment can be performed in an inexpensive iron reaction vessel.
- Oxidation of hard-to-decompose harmful substances in a solid state Since it can be disassembled, the operation is simple and the danger of recontaminating the human body and the surrounding environment can be avoided.
- a small amount of dioxin may be contained in the solid-liquid separated liquid layer. In such a case, the liquid layer can be subjected to ozone treatment, ultraviolet irradiation treatment, catalyst treatment, or activated carbon treatment, and decomposes or adsorbs a small amount of remaining dioxin.
- the second embodiment of the method for treating wastewater containing hardly decomposable harmful substances according to the present invention comprises: (a) a step of adding an adsorbent to wastewater containing hardly decomposable harmful substances; (C) contacting a peroxide with the separated solid to decompose the hardly decomposable harmful substance. I do.
- the hardly decomposable harmful substance is converted into It is a method of adsorption.
- the step (B) of the solid-liquid separation step and the step (C) of the decomposition step of the hardly decomposable harmful substance can be performed in the same manner as in the first embodiment.
- step (a) of the first embodiment before adding the adsorbent to the wastewater to adsorb the hardly decomposable harmful substances, first, it is desirable to adjust the pH of wastewater containing harmful substances to between 6 and 12. If the pH is less than 6, the piping of the treatment equipment may be corroded, and if the pH exceeds 12, neutralization of the final wastewater becomes complicated.
- the (a) step is performed, that is, the adsorbent is added to the pH adjustment wastewater to adsorb the hardly decomposable harmful substances.
- the type of the adsorbent used in the step The same thing as the inorganic porous material and the organic porous material which are the cohesion promoters used in the embodiment is appropriately used.
- titanium oxide titanium oxide
- Specific examples include inorganic porous materials such as zeolite, diatomaceous earth and activated clay, and organic porous materials such as activated carbon and ion exchange resin. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- titania, activated carbon, diatomaceous earth and ion-exchange resin are preferred.
- the diameter of mesopores in the total pore volume is 2 to 50 nm, and the macropores are 50 nm.
- activated carbon having a pore volume of 0.15 g / g or more, preferably 0.20 g / g or more, and more preferably 0.25 g / g or more Is preferred.
- activated carbon to which hardly decomposable harmful substances are adsorbed examples include: (1) Gas discharged from incineration facilities is washed with a scrubber, and this washing wastewater is directly adsorbed and treated with activated carbon. (2) A scrubber is used to clean the exhaust gas generated when regenerating aluminum, zinc, iron, etc., from dioxin-adsorbed activated charcoal and suspended matter, and sludge and sludge from which solids are separated from the cleaning liquid Dioxin-adsorbed activated carbon obtained by adsorbing wastewater after removal with activated carbon,
- a production plant for various alkylphenols Adsorbed activated carbon obtained by subjecting phenols in the discharged washing water to adsorption treatment with activated carbon.
- Adsorbents such as diatomaceous earth and ion-exchange resins to which persistent harmful substances have been adsorbed can be used to reduce the content of persistent harmful substances by the above-mentioned decomposition method in an area that is sufficiently safe for reuse. Can be reduced to it can. Therefore, once the adsorbent is used to adsorb persistent harmful substances, it can be used repeatedly until its performance as an adsorbent is reduced without immediately discarding it. Can be processed, is extremely safe and economical. In addition, even when the adsorbent for persistently harmful substances is finally disposed of, the remaining amount of the persistently harmful substances can be sufficiently reduced and disposed, which has a negative effect on the natural environment. I can't.
- the present invention can be applied to a solid on which a hardly decomposable substance is adsorbed. That is, it is possible to provide a method for decomposing a hardly decomposable substance by applying the step (C) shown in the first embodiment to a solid on which the hardly decomposable substance is adsorbed.
- It can be preferably applied to a solid to which a hardly decomposable substance is adsorbed, for example, soil, sludge, an adsorbent, and incinerated ash to which a hardly decomposable substance is adsorbed.
- examples of the soil to which the hardly decomposable substance is adsorbed include groundwater containing the hardly decomposable substance and contaminated soil caused by leachate from the landfill.
- the adsorbed sludge includes dioxin-adsorbed suspended solids obtained by separating and recovering suspended solids in wastewater discharged from various facilities in factories and offices, and cleaning equipment for gas discharged from the metal industry. Exhaust gas generated when regenerating spent catalyst discharged from coal is washed with a scrubber, and dioxin-adsorbed sludge separated and recovered from the cleaning solution can be used.
- Examples of the adsorbent that has adsorbed the hardly decomposable substance include an inorganic porous material, an organic porous material, and titania (titanium oxide).
- inorganic Examples of the porous body include zeolite, diatomaceous earth, activated clay, and the like.
- examples of the organic porous material include activated carbon and ion exchange resin.
- the incinerated ash to which persistent substances are adsorbed is discharged by incineration of general and industrial waste such as household and business waste in an incinerator. Incinerated ash to which hardly decomposable substances are adsorbed.
- the hardly decomposable substance adsorbed on the solid is brought into contact with a peroxide of 100 times or more the mole of the hardly decomposable substance without performing a desorption operation to oxidize and decompose the hardly decomposable substance.
- a treatment in which a microorganism and / or an enzyme is brought into contact with the hardly decomposable substance adsorbed on the solid, or a treatment in which oxalic acid or an oxalate is contacted. can be applied.
- a filamentous fungus is preferably used as a microorganism used in this pretreatment.
- the filamentous fungi include the genus Trametes, the genus Schizophyiium, the genus Phanerochaete, the genus Bjerkandera, the genus Inorex, and the IrpeX.
- Genus genus Pleurotus, genus Myceliophthora, genus Lentinera, genus Pycnoporus, genus Lentinus, Rhizoctonia ), Genus Funa (Funa 1 1a), genus Menorelius (Meru 1 ius), Myserioptra (Mycelioph) genus thora), genus Coprinus (CoPrinus), genus Agaricus (Agaricus), genus Phorita (Phoriota), genus Fullam y na (F1ammu1ona), genus Ganodrma Genus, Daedaieopsis genus, genus Faporus (FaVo1us), genus Lofyphylam (Lyophy 1 1um), genus Auri claria (Auricu 1 aria), Gugoeophyllum Genus G 1 oeo Py 1 um), genus
- Genus (Xy1a1ia), genus cladrinam (c1 adorrhinum), genus Graphium, genus Scopu 1 aripsis (S phaero Ps1) s), genus Fusarium, genus Trichoders, genus Botrytis, genus Aspreginoles (AspP srgi 11 us) and the like.
- the genus Trametes no Ju the genus Schizophyllum (S chizophyllum), the genus Phanerochaets, the genus B jerkandera, and the inorexus Pex
- P1 eurotus Myce1io Phthora
- the enzyme at least one selected from cellobiose dehydrogenase, xanthinoxidase, laccase, lignin penoleoxidase and manganese peroxidase is preferably used.
- These enzymes may be enzymes produced and released by microorganisms or enzymes contained in natural products which are separated from the culture solution or natural products using an ion-exchange resin or the like, or micro-organisms may be used. May be used. When these enzymes are used, it is effective to carry out the contact with a hardly decomposable substance in the presence of an electron donor or hydrogen peroxide, or in the presence of a microorganism or an enzyme that produces hydrogen peroxide. is there.
- a mediator When laccase is used as an enzyme, it is preferable to add a mediator in order to maximize its activity.
- the mediator include phenolic compounds such as 1-hydroxybenzotriazolone and aniline-based compounds such as 2,2′-azinobif and (3-ethynolebenzothiazolin_6—snolefonic acid). Compounds are preferably used.
- the method for culturing the filamentous fungus can be performed in the same manner as the usual method for culturing microorganisms.
- a small amount of culture may be cultured in a malt-east medium for about 5 to 30 days at about 10 to 50 ° C.
- solid components derived from plants such as ogatazu, barley, wheat whole grains and bran, sugars, and solid culture under the above-mentioned conditions using inorganic porous carriers impregnated with nitrogen, phosphorus, minerals, etc. Good.
- the culture temperature is lower than 10 ° C, the growth of microorganisms is slowed and the amount of released enzyme is reduced. If the culture temperature is higher than 50 ° C, microbial growth is caused.
- the pH during the culture is preferably adjusted to 3 or more, and more preferably to 3.5 or more. This is because when the pH is less than 3, the amount of the enzyme released from the microorganism is reduced, and the enzyme is out of the optimum pH range. Also, if the container is made of iron, corrosion inside the container will occur. In addition, in the culture of these microorganisms, the bacterial concentration of the resulting culture is less than 1 g of dry weight of plant organic matter.
- mycelium or spores can be used. Usually, mycelium that is easy to culture is used.
- a heat treatment method As the sterilization method, a heat treatment method, a chemical treatment method, or a physical treatment method can be used. When sterilizing various bacteria by this heat treatment method, it may be carried out at a temperature of about 80 to 125 ° C.
- the heat treatment time varies depending on the treatment temperature, but is preferably about 2 seconds to 6 hours. At this treatment temperature, it is not necessary to treat at temperatures higher than 125 ° C, since most bacteria will die.
- the treatment agent is ethyl alcohol, getyl dicarbonate, hydrogen peroxide, persulfate, hypochlorous acid, hydrochloric acid, ethylene oxide, ozone, or koku Lupicrin can be used. These treatment agents may be used as they are, or a solution using a diluent such as water may be used. For example, if ethyl alcohol is used, the concentration should be 60
- An aqueous solution of about 100 g of ZlO O milliliter is preferably used.
- an aqueous solution having a concentration of less than 30 g / 100 milliliters is preferable, and it may be used as a mixed aqueous solution with ethyl alcohol. Les ,.
- a method based on the physical treatment method a method based on an ultraviolet irradiation treatment is suitably used.
- a carbon source is a cellulose source, preferably a soluble cellulose source, canolepoxymethylcellulose, a water-soluble cellulose ether, a phosphorylated cellulose, or the like is used. Since the source is difficult to use for bacterial growth, it is possible to suppress bacterial growth.
- the microorganisms are removed in the presence of the solid.
- the method of culturing is preferred.
- the conditions for performing the decomposition reaction of hardly decomposable substances by this microorganism Temperature is about 10 to 50 ° C, preferably 15 to 35 ° C, and pH is 3 or more, preferably 3.5. This is the above range. Since the filamentous fungus is an aerobic microorganism, the decomposition reaction is performed while supplying a small amount of an enzyme-containing gas, preferably air, to the decomposition reactor. In this way, by culturing the microorganism in the presence of the hard-to-degrade substance adsorbed on the solid, the hard-to-degrade substance-degrading enzyme or the hard-to-degrade substance-decomposing radical that is released outside the cell body. Thus, the decomposition reaction of the hardly decomposable substance by these enzymes and radicals proceeds.
- Such nutrients include various substances, such as sugars such as darcose, carbon sources such as potato extract and molasses, nitrogen sources such as ammonium salt and urea, and corn steep liquor.
- Water-soluble nutrients such as meat extract, yeast extract and peptone are used.
- cereals such as barley, wheat, rice, and corn, and their by-products such as bran, rice bran, corn broth, and okara can be used. This wood chips can also be added with coconut fiber, citrus peel, and porous clay minerals.
- the amount of the nutrient added is about 0.01 to 10% by weight based on the solid, and is hardly adsorbed by the adsorbent. In the case of a solid nutrient source, it is about 0.001 to 10% by weight based on the adsorbent.
- an appropriate amount of an organic solvent can be added to the reaction system.
- organic solvents include ketones having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, An organic solvent selected from the group of carboxylic acid esters having 2 to 6 carbon atoms is preferably used.
- ketones having 3 to 6 carbon atoms include, for example, acetone, methylethylketone, getylketone, and methylisobutylketone.
- the alcohols having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include, for example, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropynoleanol, various types of ethanol, alcohol, ethylene glycol, butylene glycol, and the like. Is mentioned.
- examples of the carboxylic acid esters having 2 to 6 carbon atoms include methyl formate, ethyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl ethyl butyrate, ethyl ethyl butyrate. , Methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and the like.
- organic solvents have a high affinity for water, and do not reduce the activity of microorganisms and enzymes. The contact can be made effectively. Further, by adding a solvent such as n-paraffins, cyclonoraffines, and higher fatty acid esters which are liquid at room temperature together with these organic solvents, it is possible to reduce the decomposition of hardly decomposable substances. Re-adsorption into the solid can be prevented.
- anti-resorption solvents examples include n-decane, n-opendecane, n-dodecane, n-tridecane, n-tetradecane, n-pentadecane, n-hexadecane, Cyclooctane, cyclodecane, methyl oleate, ethyl oleate, methyl linoleate, ethyl linoleate, methyl linolenate, ethyl linolenate, and the like.
- a microorganism or an enzyme is optionally added to the hardly decomposable substance adsorbed on a solid in this way.
- peroxide is contacted to oxidatively decompose the hardly decomposable substance.
- a treatment for contacting microorganisms or enzymes can be carried out to decompose the hardly decomposable substance.
- the contact between the hardly decomposable substance adsorbed on the solid and the peroxide allows the hardly decomposable substance to be adsorbed on the solid without substantially undergoing a desorption treatment such as elution of the hardly decomposable substance from the solid. It is performed as it is.
- it is preferably 100 times or more, more preferably 100 times or more based on the number of moles of the hardly decomposable harmful substance adsorbed on the solid. 1 0 4 -1 0 9 moles, is properly favored by al is selected in the range of 1 0 5 to 1 0 8 moles.
- At least one selected from the group consisting of a peroxoacid salt, a superoxide and an organic peroxide is preferably used as the peroxide.
- the perotasoic acid salt in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can be safely handled, and various compounds such as persulfate, permanganate, perborate, and organic persalt are exemplified. Can be used. Specific compounds of the peroxoacid salts include ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, lithium persulfate, potassium hydrogen persulfate, and the like as persulfates. Sodium manganate, sodium permanganate, permanganate power, calcium permanganate, etc. are used as perborates, and sodium perborate, permanganate Examples of the organic persalts include sodium borate, and sodium peracetate, sodium perbenzoate, and sodium perphthalate.
- the superoxide is not particularly limited, and various compounds such as potassium superoxide, sodium superoxide, barium superoxide, and magnesium superoxide can be used. And the like.
- the organic peroxide is not particularly limited, and various compounds such as acetylacetone peroxide, methylethylketone peroxide, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanononoxide and the like can be used.
- the peroxides may be used alone or in a combination of two or more.
- the solid is substantially eluted while the hardly decomposable substance or the hardly decomposable substance pretreated with microorganisms or enzymes is adsorbed on the solid Without being decomposed, it is oxidatively decomposed by the peroxide.
- the peroxide can be used in the form of a solid, for example, a powder, an aqueous solution, or an organic solvent solution depending on the form of soil, sludge, incinerated ash and the like, and the properties of the peroxide.
- the peroxide is used in the form of an aqueous solution or an organic solvent solution, its concentration is preferably at least 0.1% by weight. If the concentration is less than 0.1% by weight, a large amount of a peroxide-containing solution must be used, resulting in an inconvenience such as an increase in the size of the processing container.
- the contact treatment between the hardly decomposable substance and the peroxide is carried out at a pH of 3 or more, preferably 3.5 or more, and it is advantageous to carry out the oxidative decomposition treatment.
- the temperature at which the powdery or solution-type peroxide is brought into contact with the hardly decomposable substance adsorbed on the solid or the hardly decomposable substance pretreated with microorganisms or enzymes to perform the oxidative decomposition treatment is as follows: It is appropriately selected according to the type of peroxide used and the like, but is usually in the range of 20 to 200 ° C, preferably in the range of 80 to 180 ° C.
- the heating method is not particularly limited, and any of an electric heating type, a heating water supply type, a steam suction type, a boiler set, and the like can be used. Be careful not to increase the number. If the water content is too high, the peroxide concentration for the reaction will decrease.
- the oxidative decomposition treatment time depends on the treatment temperature and the type of peroxide used, etc., and cannot be unconditionally determined, but is usually about 10 minutes to 30 days.
- the peroxide is brought into sufficient contact with the solid in advance, then allowed to permeate inside the solid, and then heated to perform oxidative decomposition of the hardly decomposable substance. Hope that you do.
- an organic peroxide which penetrates into the activated carbon is more preferable.
- a superoxide such as potassium superoxide, sodium superoxide, and barium superoxide is dissolved in an organic solvent and adsorbed on the activated carbon. Heating is also effective.
- the waste water flow rate lm 3 Z hr containing dioxins, polychlorinated ⁇ Ruminiumu solution is aggregating agent to waste water, continuous infusion added to a 1 ppm as poly aluminum chloride, which membrane area 0.
- the mixture was filtered through a 10 L solid-liquid separator equipped with a 25 m 2 bag filter 1 for 1 hour. After filtration, a part of the aggregates attached to the filter was collected with a spatula, mixed well, dried, and the amount of dioxin was measured to obtain a blank (Comparative Example 1).
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solid-liquid separation device equipped with a bag filter used in Examples and Comparative Examples of the present invention.
- Valves 1, 5, and 6 were opened and valves 2, 4, 7, 8, and 9 were closed. Valve 6 was closed after filling with liquid.
- the flocculant was injected through the valve 7 using the pump 12 into the drain line 16 before entering the bag filter 10.
- the wastewater was designed to use a head of the wastewater line 16 and flow into the solid-liquid separator.
- the reagents were injected by opening valves 6 and 7 and closing the other valves, and operating pump 12 from the reagent tank. After the injection of the reagents, the pulp 6, 7 was closed, the valves 2, 3, 4 were opened, the pump 13 was operated, the liquid was circulated, and the reaction was performed by heating with the heat exchanger 14.
- Reference numeral 11 denotes a pressure gauge, and 15 denotes a temperature control trap.
- an aqueous solution of sodium persulfate 1.5 kg / 5 L, and sodium hydroxide lkg / 5 L, was added to the filtration device with the aggregates attached to the bag filter.
- 5 L of the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and 5 L of the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide were injected in this order.
- 70-80 The temperature was controlled in the range of C, and the decomposition reaction was performed for 7 hours. After the reaction was completed, a part of the reaction product was collected, dried, and the amount of remaining dioxin was measured.
- aqueous solution of polyaluminum chloride as a coagulant is adjusted to 1 ppm as polychlorinated aluminum to wastewater, and the aqueous solution of ferric polysulfate is adjusted to 10 ppm as ferric polysulfate to wastewater.
- Comparative Example 2 was carried out in the same manner as in Comparative Example 2 except that the continuous addition was performed.
- Example 3 Further, the sample obtained in Comparative Example 3 was subjected to a decomposition reaction in the same manner as in Example 2 (Example 3). Table 2 shows the measurement results of the amount of dioxin in Comparative Examples 2 and 3 and Examples 2 and 3.
- Example 2 1. 8 9 6. 9 Comparative Example 3 60. 7 —
- Example 4 An experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 4 and Comparative Example 4, except that the coagulant was replaced with various iron-based coagulants. Table 4 shows the measurement results of the amount of dioxin.
- Example 7 ⁇ ⁇ 1.1) Comparative Example 8 Polyferric chloride 60 Analytical sensitivity or less 14.5 1 Example 8 1 ⁇ 0.7 Examples 9 to: 12 and Comparative Examples 9 to 12
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a solid-liquid separation device equipped with a bag filter used in Examples 13 and 14 and Comparative Examples 13 and 14.
- the suspension containing diatomaceous earth 250 g / 10 L was injected from valve 6 into a solid-liquid separation device equipped with a bag filter with a membrane area of 0.25 m 2 , and filtered through a filter.
- the inside of the bag filter was coated with diatomaceous earth.
- the wastewater containing dioxin was flowed at a flow rate of 1 m 3 / hr for 3 hours and filtered.
- the bag filter container was opened, a part of the cake was taken from the filter surface, thoroughly stirred and dried, and the amount of dioxin was measured to obtain a blank.
- the solid-liquid separation device using a bag filter was operated as follows. Explanation will be given according to FIG.
- Knobs 1, 5, and 6 were opened, and Knobs 2, 4, 7, 8, and 9 were closed.
- Valve 6 was closed after filling with liquid.
- the adsorbent was injected through valve 6.
- the system was designed so that wastewater flows into the solid-liquid separator using the head of the wastewater line 16.
- Reagents were injected by opening valves 6 and 7 and closing other valves, and operating pump 12 from the reagent tank. After injecting reagents, Pulp 6 and 7 were closed, and knobs 2, 3, and 4 were opened, pump 13 was operated to circulate the liquid, and the reaction was performed by heating with heat exchanger 14.
- Reference numeral 11 indicates a pressure gauge, and 15 indicates a temperature control trap.
- Valves 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9 were opened and tap water was connected to the line directly connected to the closed valve 9, and tap water was injected. Valp 6 was degassed and closed.
- Table 6 shows the measurement results of the dioxin concentrations of Examples 13 and 14 and Comparative Examples 13 and 14. From this result, it was confirmed that the reaction could be performed in the closed system without human intervention and that the filter could be reused.
- the suspended matter accumulated in the exhaust gas washing water at the garbage incineration plant was settled, suction-filtered with a 0.4 m filter, concentrated, and the sludge was collected.
- the dioxin concentration in this sludge water content: 62%) was measured, it was 45 nanogram / g dry sludge.
- Table 7 shows the operating conditions and results in each of the examples and comparative examples. Here, it is shown how many times the amount of peroxide corresponds to the molar amount of dioxin in the sludge. The dioxin concentration was indicated by the concentration relative to the dry solid. These are the same in the following examples and comparative examples.
- the sludge contains various dioxins. In this case, the molecular weight of dioxin is 2,3,7,8-the molecular weight of tetrachlorodibenzoxin, which is the most toxic. (The same applies to the following Examples 21 to 40 and Comparative Examples 16 to 26). 7 tables
- the regeneration waste gas of the synthesis catalyst is washed with a scrubber, and this washing solution is recovered.
- the solid was separated using a flattening membrane separator, and further concentrated using a centrifuge.
- Table 8 shows the operating conditions and results for each example and comparative example.
- Sludge accumulated at the bottom of the leachate deposits from the incineration ash landfill was collected and concentrated using a continuous centrifuge at 8,000 G acceleration. 20 g of this sludge (72% water) was placed in a 100 ml volume of polytetrafluoroethylene container, and then various peroxo-acid salts were added thereto. The mixture was stirred at a speed of 0,000 rotations for 3 minutes using a high-speed mixer. This polytetrafluoroethylene container was placed in an autoclave and heated at various temperatures for a certain period of time. Thereafter, the dioxin concentration was measured for the entire amount of the sample in the Polytetrafluoroethylene container.
- Table 9 shows the operating conditions and results in each of the examples and comparative examples.
- the regeneration waste gas of the synthesis catalyst was washed with a scrubber, and the washed solution was separated into solids using a rotating flat membrane separator and further concentrated using a centrifuge.
- Table 10 shows the operating conditions and results in each of the examples and comparative examples. ' Table 10
- Soil was collected from a surface layer of 5 cm at a distance of 5 Om from the refuse incineration plant. 100 g of this soil (34% water) was placed in a glass triangular flask of 5 OO ml.
- Table 11 shows the operating conditions and results in each example and comparative example.
- Example 32 In Example 32, except that 1 kg of soil was placed in a 5 L Erlenmeyer flask, and 10 g of 40% sodium permanganate was dissolved in 50 O ml of water and added. Degraded dioxin in soil using sodium permanganate in a similar manner.
- This pellet was added to the dioxin-contaminated soil and incubated at 30 ° C for 30 days. Thereafter, the content of dioxin in the flask was determined by content analysis. For comparison, there was also a section where no wood rot fungus was added, and a section where activated sludge was added in place of the wood rot fungus.
- Table 12 shows the operating conditions and results in each example and comparative example.
- the gas generated during regeneration of the synthesis catalyst was washed with a scrubber, and the wastewater was passed through an activated carbon tank to adsorb dioxin.
- the activated carbon was withdrawn from the tank, and 50 g of each (53% of water) was placed in a 100 ml volume of polyethylene lafluoroethylene container, and 50 ml of water was obtained.
- the polytetrafluoroethylene container was placed in ice water, an organic peroxide was added, and the peroxide was adsorbed on activated carbon with stirring for 24 hours.
- the polytetrafluoroethylene container was placed in a constant temperature bath at various temperatures. The mixture was shaken back and forth to decompose the adsorbed dioxin in the activated carbon. Thereafter, all dioxins in the polytetrafluoroethylene container were removed.
- the village was quantified.
- the specific gravity of peroxide peroxide was 0.79 and the bulk density of dicumyl peroxyside powder was 0.
- Table 13 shows examples and comparative examples. Table 13 shows the operating conditions and results in
- Bisphenol A5 0.000 ⁇ g, Bisphenol S500 ⁇ g, Oct./Refenonor 200 ⁇ g, Noenophenol 2,0 ig, Pentaco Loro fenanol 2, OOO / zg was dissolved in 5 O ml of ethanol and placed in a glass sprayer. The ethanol solution was sprayed on ikg (16% moisture) of reddish brown soil, 5 Oml of ethanol was further added, and the co-washing solution was sprayed on the soil. The soil was dried under reduced pressure until the water content became 8%, and the compound was adsorbed on the soil.
- Table 15 shows the operating conditions and results in each example.
- Example 4 An experiment was carried out in the same manner as in Example 8, except that the concentration of the aqueous solution of ammonium persulfate was changed.
- Table 16 shows the operating conditions and results in each comparative example.
- the regeneration waste gas of the synthesis catalyst was washed with a scrubber, and the washing solution was concentrated using a continuous centrifuge to concentrate solids. The concentrate was further centrifuged to produce a solid cake.
- the solid cake (water content 7 6%) 2 0 g was placed in a poly-Te Trough Ruo Russia ethylene made container 1 0 0 ml volume, then the 1 0% aqueous Na Application Benefits ⁇ beam solution was added, per minute 2
- the mixture was stirred for 3 minutes using a high-speed mixer at a speed of 0.000 revolutions. Thereafter, 50 ml of a 10% aqueous solution of ammonium persulfate was added, and the mixture was stirred with a high-speed mixer for 3 minutes.
- the polytetrafluoroethylene container was placed in an autoclave and heated at various temperatures for a certain period of time. Thereafter, the dioxin concentration was measured for the entire sample in the polytetrafluoroethylene container.
- Table 17 shows the operating conditions and results in each example.
- Treatment temperature Treatment time Dioxin amount Added pH aqueous solution after treatment
- Example 50 8.75 100 15 4.7 4.5
- Example 51 17.5 100 15 3.6 12 12
- Example 52 0 100 15 6.2 ⁇ 1 Dioxin content in solid cake to be treated 60 Comparative Examples 31 to 33
- decomposition proceeded sufficiently from weakly acidic to alkaline. It is not known that the reaction proceeds under the conditions of alkaline reaction with perotasoic acid, which can significantly reduce the corrosion of the decomposition vessel, and is a major factor in material selection and maintenance. There are advantages.
- Example 35 One of them was used as Comparative Example 35 to separate the supernatant and the precipitate, and the dioxin concentration was measured for each.
- the other precipitate was added with 10 Om1 of deionized water, 1 g of sodium persulfate, and 0.6 g of sodium hydroxide, and the temperature was maintained at 70 ° C, and the reaction was performed for 24 hours. .
- Example 54 the dioxin concentration was measured. Table 20 shows the measurement results.
- the present invention aggregates or adsorbs and separates hard-to-degrade harmful substances from wastewater containing hard-to-decompose harmful substances, and desorbs the separated hard-to-degrade harmful substances. It is possible to provide a wastewater treatment method that efficiently decomposes in a solid state without performing an operation.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003252376A AU2003252376C1 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2003-08-04 | Method of treating wastewater containing hardly decomposable harmful substances |
| EP03815604A EP1591422A4 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2003-08-04 | METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER WITH HEAVILY CRACKABLE HARMFUL SUBSTANCES |
| US10/544,074 US7335310B2 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2003-08-04 | Method of treating wastewater containing hardly decomposable harmful substances |
| CA002514377A CA2514377A1 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2003-08-04 | Method of treating wastewater containing hardly decomposable harmful substances |
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| JP2003-23626 | 2003-01-31 | ||
| JP2003023626A JP3929905B2 (ja) | 2002-02-04 | 2003-01-31 | 難分解性物質の分解方法、並びにこれを用いた吸着剤の再生方法、排水の処理方法 |
| JP2003-29747 | 2003-02-06 | ||
| JP2003029747A JP3992627B2 (ja) | 2003-02-06 | 2003-02-06 | 難分解性有害物質含有廃水の処理方法 |
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| EP (1) | EP1591422A4 (ja) |
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| CN104291524B (zh) * | 2014-09-22 | 2016-08-24 | 中国石化仪征化纤有限责任公司 | 1,4-丁二醇氧化废水连续化处理方法 |
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| CN108558065A (zh) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-21 | 西华大学 | 一种使用联合工艺处理含盐泡菜废水的方法 |
| CN108435148A (zh) * | 2018-06-21 | 2018-08-24 | 黄益良 | 一种环糊精改性聚丙烯酰胺污水处理剂及其制备方法 |
| CN109384276A (zh) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-02-26 | 鞍山市鑫诚水处理有限公司 | 一种高效脱色、脱氰、降解cod的废水处理药剂 |
| WO2021113372A1 (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2021-06-10 | Marquette University | Method for treating and disposing wastewater grit |
| CN114522699A (zh) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-05-24 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | 一种除去废炼油催化剂表面油质的方法 |
| CN114522699B (zh) * | 2022-03-04 | 2023-10-27 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | 一种除去废炼油催化剂表面油质的方法 |
| CN116375064A (zh) * | 2023-04-12 | 2023-07-04 | 合肥工业大学 | 一种从粉煤灰中提取氧化铝的机械活化结合氧压浸出法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20050093854A (ko) | 2005-09-23 |
| US7335310B2 (en) | 2008-02-26 |
| EP1591422A4 (en) | 2007-10-03 |
| CA2514377A1 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
| EP1591422A1 (en) | 2005-11-02 |
| RU2326056C2 (ru) | 2008-06-10 |
| AU2003252376A1 (en) | 2004-08-23 |
| AU2003252376C1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
| RU2005127341A (ru) | 2006-02-27 |
| AU2003252376B2 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
| US20060226083A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
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