WO2004061983A1 - 電子デバイスおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
電子デバイスおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004061983A1 WO2004061983A1 PCT/JP2003/016837 JP0316837W WO2004061983A1 WO 2004061983 A1 WO2004061983 A1 WO 2004061983A1 JP 0316837 W JP0316837 W JP 0316837W WO 2004061983 A1 WO2004061983 A1 WO 2004061983A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electronic device
- film
- cavity
- infrared
- manufacturing
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N15/00—Thermoelectric devices without a junction of dissimilar materials; Thermomagnetic devices, e.g. using the Nernst-Ettingshausen effect
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N15/00—Thermoelectric devices without a junction of dissimilar materials; Thermomagnetic devices, e.g. using the Nernst-Ettingshausen effect
- H10N15/10—Thermoelectric devices using thermal change of the dielectric constant, e.g. working above and below the Curie point
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
- G01J5/02—Constructional details
- G01J5/04—Casings
- G01J5/041—Mountings in enclosures or in a particular environment
- G01J5/045—Sealings; Vacuum enclosures; Encapsulated packages; Wafer bonding structures; Getter arrangements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electronic device having a cavity in which the internal pressure is maintained at a low level, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the present invention relates to an electronic device in which a detection unit such as an infrared sensor is decompressed and hermetically sealed in an atmosphere, and a method of manufacturing the electronic device.
- the present invention also relates to an electronic device capable of measuring the pressure of the atmosphere in such a cavity and further reducing the pressure as necessary, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- an electronic device such as an infrared sensor has at least a detection unit disposed in a cavity formed on a substrate and is sealed in a vacuum atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere by a cap unit in order to enhance the detection sensitivity. ing.
- Such electronic devices include, in addition to infrared sensors, pressure sensors, acceleration sensors, flow velocity sensors, vacuum transistors, and the like.
- infrared sensors are thermal sensors such as bolometer, pyroelectric, thermopile or thermocouple sensors, and PbS, lnSb, HgCdTe These are roughly divided into quantum sensors that use such devices.
- Thermopile sensor utilizes zero one Peck effects that result, for example, the PN junction, a pyroelectric infrared sensor, PZT, BS Ding, Zn_ ⁇ utilizes the pyroelectric effect of the material, such as P b T I_ ⁇ 3 .
- the quantum sensor detects a current flowing by electronic excitation.
- a vacuum atmosphere sealed with a micro vacuum package or a reduced-pressure inert gas atmosphere is preferred. It has been known that the detection characteristics are improved by enclosing the detection section inside.
- the detection unit is sealed in a vacuum atmosphere or a decompressed inert gas atmosphere that is sealed with a cap or the like. Is preferred.
- the inside of the cap body is sealed in a vacuum state, it is preferable that it is possible to confirm that the degree of vacuum in the cap body can be maintained at the time of manufacturing or using the electronic device.
- a conventional method for manufacturing an electronic device will be described with reference to FIGS. 1A to 1F.
- a detection unit 1-2 such as an infrared sensor is formed, and a silicon substrate 101 is prepared. Then, after depositing a silicon oxide film 103 on the substrate by, for example, the CVD method, A silicon oxide film 103 is patterned so as to cover 102 and its periphery. This silicon oxide film 103 functions as a sacrificial layer, is removed by etching in a later step, and defines the shape of the cavity.
- a polysilicon film 104 is formed so as to cover the silicon oxide film 103 by a CVD method.
- This polysilicon film 104 becomes a side wall and a ceiling wall of the cap portion of the electronic device.
- a large number of etching holes 111 penetrating through the polysilicon film 1-4 and reaching the silicon oxide film 103 are formed.
- hydrofluoric acid is injected from the etching hole 111, the silicon oxide film 103 is dissolved, and the solution is removed through the etching hole 111. As a result, a cavity 112 surrounded by the silicon oxide film 103 is formed, and the detection unit 102 of the sensor is exposed in the cavity 112 and is turned down.
- a polysilicon film 106 covering the polysilicon film 1-4 is deposited by a CVD method. At this time, since the polysilicon film 106 is deposited on the inner wall portion of the etching hole 111, the etching hole 111 is closed. After the start of the CVD method and before the etching hole is completely closed, the polysilicon film 106 is also deposited on the inner wall of the cavity 112.
- the above-mentioned CVD process is usually performed using a reaction gas such as SiH 4 under a pressure of about 5 ⁇ 0 mTorr (about 67 Pa). Shiga Thus, the cavity 1 12 is hermetically sealed with its internal pressure being about 5 OOmTorr (about 6 Pa) during the CVD process. In this CVD process, unreacted SiH 4 and H 2 gas generated by the reaction remain in the cavity 112. Further, the polysilicon film 1_Rei_6 deposited on the walls of the cavity 1 12, H 2 gas produced by the S i H 4 boiled anti 3 ⁇ 4 un anti is adsorbed.
- a reaction gas such as SiH 4 under a pressure of about 5 ⁇ 0 mTorr (about 67 Pa). Shiga
- the cavity 1 12 is hermetically sealed with its internal pressure being about 5 OOmTorr (about 6 Pa) during the CVD process.
- unreacted SiH 4 and H 2 gas generated by the reaction remain in the cavity 112.
- the entire substrate 101 is heated at a high temperature of 500 ° C. or higher under a high vacuum.
- the S i H 4 gas inside the cavity 112 is decomposed to some extent, and the H 2 gas passes through the polysilicon films 104 and 106 and is released to the outside.
- the pressure in the cavity 112 is slightly lower than the internal pressure in the cavity 112 during the CVD process, and the degree of vacuum in the cavity 112 is somewhat improved.
- FIG. 42 schematically shows a cross-sectional configuration of a conventional electronic device having a vacuum package.
- the electronic device shown in Fig. 42 has a silicon substrate 91 and a solder
- a transmission window 94 fixed on a silicon substrate 91 by 99 is provided.
- the height between the transmission window 94 and the silicon substrate 91 is 1-1.
- a gap 93 of about Omm is provided, and the size of this gap 93 is A getter 95 of about several mm is arranged.
- a through hole 97 is formed in the transmission window 94, and the getter 95 is disposed in the gap 93 through the through hole 97.
- the space 93 is evacuated through the through hole 9 and the pressure is reduced.
- the through hole 9 is sealed by melting the vacuum sealer 99, and the gap 93 is kept in a vacuum state. Thereafter, when the getter 95 is activated, the pressure in the gap 93 can be further reduced, and a high vacuum state can be obtained.
- the degree of vacuum in the cap can be measured using, for example, a Villa 2 gauge.
- Villa two gauge is a device that calculates the degree of vacuum based on the electrical resistance of a resistor placed in a vacuum. Since the thermal conductivity of gas depends on the pressure of the gas, that is, the degree of vacuum, if the thermal conductivity from the heated resistor to the gas is determined, the degree of vacuum of the gas can be determined by appropriate calibration. .
- the FEA element and the transistor that perform high-speed switch operation in vacuum For example, forming an ultra-small vacuum package only on the part of the FEA element on the substrate in order to manufacture an electronic device with embedded semiconductor devices in an ultra-small size is an example of silicon metal-oxide—semiconductor field effect.
- transistor / field emission array fabricated using chemical mechanical polishing, C. Y. Hong and A. I. Akinwande, J.
- the SiH 4 gas is decomposed in the cavity 112, and the H 2 gas is released to the outside of the cavity 112.
- the degree of vacuum in the cavity is somewhat higher than the pressure during the CVD process of 5 ⁇ 0 mT o “r” (approximately 6 pa), but to improve the sensitivity of the sensor, There is a problem that improvement in the degree of vacuum cannot be expected.
- no cavity is formed between the detection unit 102 and the substrate 101, but by providing a sacrificial layer in each of the upper layer and the lower layer of the detection unit 102, the detection unit It is possible to fabricate a structure that contacts the atmospheric gas in the cavity not only above but also below 1.2.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the vicinity of the detection unit of the mouthpiece type infrared sensor having such a structure.
- a resistor 151 called a “porometer”, which functions as an infrared detection unit
- a support member 152 which supports the resistor 151
- the resistor 15 1 is formed of, for example, a patterned polysilicon film
- the support member 15 2 is formed by stacking a polysilicon film, a nitride film, an oxide film, or the like.
- the support member 152 has an arm portion extending from a support main body portion having the resistor body 151 formed on the upper surface, and is fixed to the substrate 101 via the arm portion.
- the cavity wall member is not shown, but in a real infrared sensor, the support member 150 is disposed inside a cavity similar to the cavity 112 shown in FIG. 1F.
- infrared light passes through the polysilicon film (films denoted by reference numerals “104” and “106” in FIG. 1F) existing in the cavity, and the infrared rays are passed through the resistor 1 51
- the temperature of the resistor 151 does not rise, and the resistance value changes with this temperature rise.
- the infrared sensor having the structure of FIG. 2 by measuring the change in the resistance value, it is possible to detect the amount of infrared light incident on the resistor 151.
- the heat conduction between the resistor 151 and the outside is performed via the support member 152 connecting the resistor 151 and the substrate 101, and via the gas around the resistor 151. Divided into heat conduction.
- the heat conduction via the support member 152 is smaller as the cross-sectional area of the thinnest part of the support member 152 is smaller and the distance from the substrate 101 is larger.
- a portion (connection portion) of the support member 152 connected to the substrate 101 has a sectional area. It can be composed of two pillars of S i 3 N 4 with 3jum 2 and length of 50jum.
- the thermal conductance Thi erma I Co nductance
- the thermal conductance through the gas around the resistor 151 decreases as the gas pressure decreases. For this reason, it is necessary to reduce the gas pressure around the detector to improve the sensitivity of the infrared sensor.
- the pressure inside the cavity 112 becomes 5 ⁇ Om Torr (about 6 P a) It is kept to the extent.
- the high-pressure vacuum treatment allows the internal hydrogen to diffuse to the outside, which can reduce the internal pressure of the cavities 112 somewhat. Si H 4 gas which cannot be driven out of 1 1 2 remains.
- the support member 152 of the detection unit 151 of the infrared sensor has a fine structure as shown in FIG. 2, if the heating is performed at an excessively high temperature in the process shown in FIG. There is a possibility that the supporting member 152 may be damaged due to the generation of heat.
- the above-mentioned vacuum package (cap body) is reduced in size to 1 mm or less, it becomes more difficult to arrange a getter agent inside each vacuum package by a conventional method.
- infrared detectors When encapsulating with a micro vacuum package having a size of about 1 OO jum or XIOO jum, it is extremely difficult and time-consuming to dispose the getter inside many vacuum packages. .
- An object of the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electronic device that is at least partially held in a cavity. It is an object of the present invention to provide an electronic device capable of reducing power consumption and a method for manufacturing the same.
- Still another object of the present invention is to provide an electronic device and a method for manufacturing the same, which can easily maintain the degree of vacuum in a microminiature vacuum package by 7 pounds. Disclosure of the invention
- a method of manufacturing an electronic device includes the steps of: preparing a substrate on which a part of an electronic device is provided; and forming a sacrificial layer covering a part of the electronic device on a selected region of the substrate. Forming a cavity wall film covering the sacrificial layer on the substrate (b); (C) forming at least one opening through the wall film to reach the sacrificial layer in the cavity wall film; and selectively etching at least a portion of the sacrificial layer through the opening.
- the method includes a step (d) of forming a cavity surrounding a part of the electronic device, and a step (e) of forming a seal member for closing the opening by a sputtering method.
- the seal member is formed by sputtering a metal.
- the seal member is formed by sputtering silicon.
- the film in the step (e), after a film for a sealing member is deposited on the opening and the film for the cavity wall, the film is positioned on the upper surface of the film for the sealing member and then on the film for the cavity wall.
- the seal member is left in the opening by removing a portion to be sealed.
- sputtering is performed from a direction inclined with respect to a direction perpendicular to the main surface of the substrate.
- an opening having a shape that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom is formed.
- a side opening reaching a side surface of the sacrificial layer is further formed.
- step (b) the step
- the opening is formed such that the opening does not overlap with a part of the electronic device when viewed from the direction of sputtering in (II).
- the sputtering is performed under a pressure of 1 OPa or less.
- sputtering is performed under a pressure of 5 Pa or less.
- the sacrificial layer is formed from a polysilicon film
- a silicon oxide film is formed as the cavity wall film
- a part of the electronic device is a detection unit of an infrared sensor.
- the sacrificial layer is formed from a polysilicon film.
- a polysilicon film and a silicon oxide film covering the polysilicon film are formed.
- the sacrificial layer is formed from a silicon oxide film
- a polysilicon film is formed as the cavity wall film
- a step of depositing a film on an exposed surface of the substrate by CVD to reduce the opening is further included.
- the sacrificial layer and the sacrificial layer for the lower cavity are removed.
- An electronic device of the present invention includes a substrate, a part of the electronic device provided on the substrate, and a part of the electronic device with a cavity interposed therebetween.
- the seal member is made of silicon.
- the seal member is made of metal.
- the pressure in the cavity is 1 Pa or less.
- the pressure in the cavity is 5 Pa or less.
- the seal member is made of metal.
- the seal member is made of an oxide film.
- a part of the electronic device is a detection unit of an infrared sensor, and the cavity wall member is formed of polysilicon and a silicon oxide film including the polysilicon.
- a part of the electronic device is a detection unit of an infrared sensor, and a side and a lower part of the detection unit are surrounded by a lower cavity.
- the opening does not overlap with a part of the electronic device from the viewpoint of the sputtering.
- Another method for manufacturing an electronic device according to the present invention is a method for manufacturing an electronic device, comprising: a depressurized cavity; and at least a part of the pressure measurement element disposed in the cavity. And (b) forming the cavity so as to include at least a part of the pressure measuring element therein.
- the step (b) of forming the cavity includes: Forming an opening for supplying an etchant to the region to be etched (b1); and supplying an etchant to the region to be etched through the opening to remove the region to be etched (b2). ) And a step (b3) of forming a seal member for closing the opening by a sputtering method.
- a heat absorbing / discharging portion having a function of generating heat and absorbing heat or Z, and a temperature detecting portion having a function of detecting a temperature are provided on the substrate by a thin film deposition technique. Forming, thereby forming the pressure detecting element (a1). In a preferred embodiment, the heat absorbing / releasing portion generates heat by Joule heat.
- the temperature detecting section detects the temperature by a change in resistance of the electric resistance with respect to the temperature.
- the heat absorbing / discharging section has a function of generating heat by Joule heat due to electric resistance, and a function of detecting temperature by a change in electric resistance of the electric resistance with respect to temperature.
- the suction / discharge section and the temperature detection section are formed of the same electric resistor thin film.
- the heat absorption / release section is a Peltier device is there.
- the step (b) includes a step of forming a sacrificial layer functioning as the region to be etched on the pressure measuring element, and a step of forming a cavity wall film covering the sacrificial layer on the substrate.
- the method includes forming the opening in the cavity wall film and exposing at least a part of the sacrificial layer through the opening.
- the method before performing the step (a 1), forming a sacrificial layer for heat insulating and emitting a heat absorbing / discharging portion on a selected region of the substrate, wherein the sacrificial layer covers a part of the substrate; After (a1) is performed, the method further includes a step of removing at least a portion of the heat absorbing / releasing portion heat insulating sacrificial layer.
- a step of forming a heat absorbing / releasing portion heat insulating sacrificial layer functioning as a part of the region to be etched on a selected region of the substrate before performing the step (a 1), a step of forming a heat absorbing / releasing portion heat insulating sacrificial layer functioning as a part of the region to be etched on a selected region of the substrate. Forming the pressure measuring element on the heat absorbing / discharging portion heat insulating sacrificial layer, and thereafter forming a cavity wall sacrificial layer functioning as another part of the etched region on the pressure measuring element.
- a step of forming an etch stop layer on the substrate, and a step of forming the opening in the etch stop layer Forming at least one of the heat absorbing / releasing part and the temperature detecting part on the etch stop layer; supplying the etchant through the opening; Forming at least a part of the cavity by removing a region that functions as a region.
- the substrate includes a substrate having a region functioning as an etch stop layer on the surface or inside thereof, and a region functioning as the region to be etched below the region functioning as the etch stop layer. Preparing, and forming the opening in the etch stop layer;
- the heat absorbing / releasing portion has a size of 1 mm or less.
- the step (b 3) is performed at a pressure equal to or lower than 1 O T rr.
- silicon is sputtered.
- the thin film deposition technique is a vacuum deposition method.
- the thin film deposition technique is performed by CVD or PVD.
- Still another method for manufacturing an electronic device includes a depressurized cavity, and a function of adsorbing surrounding substances disposed in the cavity.
- a method for manufacturing an electronic device comprising: a gettering thin film; and an activation unit having a function of activating the gettering thin film by heat generation, wherein the activation unit and the gettering thin film are formed on a substrate by a thin film deposition technique.
- the method includes the steps of: (a) providing; and (b) forming the cavity.
- (B) forming the cavity includes forming an opening for supplying an etchant to the region to be etched (b). 1), a step of supplying an etchant to the region to be etched through the opening to remove the region to be etched (b2), and a step of forming a seal member for closing the opening by sputtering (b3).
- the step (a) includes a step (a1) of forming the activation section by a thin film deposition technique, and a step of bringing the gettering thin film into contact with the activation section by a thin film deposition technique. Forming step (a 2).
- the step (a) includes the step of activating the sacrifice layer for the activation part covering a part of the substrate before performing the steps (a1) and (a2). Forming the active portion on the region where the activated portion is to be formed, and the step (b) includes removing at least a part of the sacrificial layer for the activated portion.
- At least one of a step of forming an etch stop layer on the substrate, a step of forming the opening in the etch stop layer, and the activation section and the gettering thin film Forming the etchant on the etch stop layer; supplying the etchant through the opening; and removing at least one of the cavities by removing a region of the substrate that functions as the region to be etched. Forming a portion.
- the substrate on the surface or inside Providing a substrate having a region functioning as an etch stop layer, and a region functioning as the region to be etched below the region functioning as the etch stop layer; Forming a top layer, at least one of the activated portion and the gettering thin film above the etch stop layer, supplying the etchant through the opening, Removing at least a part of the etched region of the substrate.
- the step (b) comprises: forming a cavity wall sacrificial layer functioning as the etching target region on the activation portion; and forming a cavity wall film covering the cavity wall sacrificial layer. Forming the opening on the substrate; and forming at least a part of the cavity wall sacrificial layer through the opening.
- the activation section has a size of 1 mm or less.
- the step (b 3) is performed at a pressure of 1 O T rr or less.
- silicon is sputtered.
- the thin film deposition technique is a vacuum deposition method.
- the activation unit generates heat by Joule heat due to electric resistance. .
- the activation unit is in the c-preferred embodiment is a Peltier device, wherein the electronic device is less land one detector and less horse chestnut one infrared formed on the substrate It has a visible light detector, and the cavity has a shape that surrounds at least a part of the infrared detector and does not surround a part of the visible light detector.
- the number of the visible light ray detection units formed on the substrate is plural and arranged on the substrate.
- the number of the infrared detection units and the number of visible light detection units formed on the substrate are each plural, and are arranged on the substrate.
- Another electronic device includes a substrate, a part of the electronic device provided on the substrate, a part of the electronic device surrounding a cavity, a cavity wall member, and the cavity wall member.
- a gettering thin film is provided inside the cavity.
- At least a part of the cavity is also present below the gettering thin film.
- the electronic device includes a micro-heater for heating the gettering thin film.
- FIG. 1A is a process sectional view showing a conventional method for manufacturing an electronic device. You.
- FIG. 1B is a process sectional view illustrating the conventional method for manufacturing an electronic device.
- FIG. 1C is a process sectional view showing a conventional method for manufacturing an electronic device.
- FIG. 1D is a sectional view showing a step of the conventional method for manufacturing an electronic device.
- FIG. 1E is a process sectional view showing the conventional method of manufacturing an electronic device.
- FIG. 1F is a process sectional view illustrating the conventional method for manufacturing an electronic device.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a structure near a detection unit of the bolometer-type infrared sensor.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between the atmospheric pressure and the sensitivity in the detection unit of the infrared image sensor.
- FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional view showing a process of forming the etching opening after the manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view showing a step until the formation of the etching opening in the manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4C is a cross-sectional view showing a step until the etching opening is formed in the electronic device manufacturing process according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4D is a view showing a manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a step after forming an etching opening in the process.
- FIG. 4E is a cross-sectional view showing a step after forming the etching opening in the manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4F is a cross-sectional view showing a step after forming the etching opening in the manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are partial cross-sectional views each showing a part of a manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the structure inside the cavity of the electronic device when the first means for preventing the sensitivity of the infrared sensor from being lowered is taken in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view showing a process up to the formation of a sacrificial layer after the manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view showing a step until a sacrifice layer is formed in the manufacturing steps of the electronic device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7C is a cross-sectional view showing a step until a sacrifice layer is formed in the manufacturing steps of the electronic device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. D is a cross-sectional view showing a process from the formation of the sacrificial layer to the flattening of the BPSG film in the manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. E shows a manufacturing process of an electronic device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a process from formation of a sacrificial layer to flattening of a BPSG film.
- FIG. 7F is a cross-sectional view showing a step in the process of manufacturing the electronic device according to the third embodiment of the present invention, from the step of forming the sacrificial layer to the step of flattening the BPSG film.
- FIG. 7G is a cross-sectional view showing a process from flattening the BPSG film to performing patterning of the protective film or the like after ⁇ in the manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the third embodiment of the present invention. It is.
- FIG. 7H is a cross-sectional view showing a process from flattening the BPSG film to patterning a protective film and the like after the manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a process from flattening a BPSG film to patterning a protective film and the like after a manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the third embodiment of the present invention. It is.
- FIG. 7J is a cross-sectional view 1 illustrating a step of performing steps from patterning of a protective film or the like to forming an etching hole in a manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the third embodiment of the present invention. .
- FIG. 8K is a cross-sectional view showing a process from the step of patterning a protective film or the like to the step of forming an etching hole after the manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the third embodiment of the present invention. .
- FIG. L is a cross-sectional view showing a process from patterning of a protective film or the like to forming an etching hole in a manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7M is a cross-sectional view showing a step from the step of forming an etching hole to the step of forming a sealing member that closes the etching hole after the manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the third embodiment of the present invention. is there.
- FIG. N is a cross-sectional view showing a process from a step of forming an etching hole to a step of forming a sealing member for closing the etching hole in a manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the third embodiment of the present invention. is there.
- FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view showing a process from the step of forming an etching hole to the step of forming a sealing member for closing the etching hole after the manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the third embodiment of the present invention. is there.
- FIG. 8 is a plan layout diagram showing the groove 63 in FIG. 12I.
- C is a sectional view showing an infrared sensor according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1OA is a process sectional view illustrating the method for manufacturing the electronic device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1OB is a process sectional view illustrating the method for manufacturing the electronic device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1OC is a process sectional view illustrating the method for manufacturing the electronic device according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the method for manufacturing the electronic device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 (a) is a perspective view showing a seventh embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 12 (b) is an equivalent circuit diagram thereof.
- FIG. 13 is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of the infrared detection unit according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a front view showing an example of a layout of the micro-heater unit 167.
- FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing a configuration example of the micro-heater support portion 168.
- FIG. 16 is a perspective view showing an infrared detector for test.
- FIG. 1A is a perspective view showing the configuration of the micro-heater section.
- FIG. 17B is a cross-sectional view (cross-sectional view across the bridge) showing the configuration of the micro-heater section.
- FIG. 17C is a cross-sectional view (a cross-sectional view parallel to the direction in which the bridge extends) showing the configuration of the micro-heater section.
- HM7D is a plan view showing the configuration of the micro heater section.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the electric resistance and the degree of vacuum (pressure) in the micro heater section.
- FIG. 19A and 19B are diagrams showing a manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 19A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′, FIG. 19B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB ′, ) Is a plan view.
- FIG. 20A and 20B are diagrams showing a manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 20A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′, FIG. 20B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB ′, ) Is a plan view.
- FIGS. 21A to 21C are diagrams showing a manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 21A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′, FIG. 21B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB ′, ) Is a plan view.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′, (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB ′, and (c). ) Is a plan view.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′, (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB ′, and (c). ) Is a plan view.
- FIG. 24A and 24B are diagrams showing a manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 24A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′, FIG. 24B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB ′, ) Is a plan view.
- FIGS. 25A and 25B are diagrams showing a manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the second embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 25A is a sectional view taken along the line ⁇ _ ⁇ ′, FIG. 25B is a sectional view taken along the line BB ′, and FIG. It is a top view.
- FIG. 26A and 26B are diagrams showing a manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 26A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′, FIG. 26B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB ′, ) Is a plan view.
- FIGS. 27A and 27B are diagrams showing a manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the second embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 27A is a sectional view taken along the line ⁇ _ ⁇ ′, FIG. 27B is a sectional view taken along the line BB ′, and FIG. It is a top view.
- FIGS. 28A and 28B are diagrams showing a manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 28A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA, FIG. 28B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB ′, and FIG. Is a plan view.
- FIGS. 29A and 29B are diagrams showing a manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 29A is a sectional view taken along line AA ′, FIG. 29B is a sectional view taken along line BB ′, ) Is a plan view.
- FIGS. 30A and 30B are diagrams showing a manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 30A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′, FIG. ) Is a plan view.
- FIGS. 31A to 31C are diagrams showing a manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 31A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′, FIG. 31B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB ′, ) Is a plan view.
- FIGS. 32A and 32B are cross-sectional views illustrating an electronic device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 32A is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA ′
- FIG. 32B is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB ′.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is a sectional view taken along the line ⁇ _ ⁇ ′, (b) is a sectional view taken along the line BB ′, and (c) is a sectional view. It is a top view.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram showing a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 35 shows an equivalent circuit ⁇ of the ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 36 is a graph showing the relationship between the sensitivity of the infrared detector and the degree of vacuum in the atmosphere.
- FIG. 37 is a perspective view for explaining the flow of heat in and out of the resistor.
- FIG. 38 is a graph showing the temperature change of the resistor after the resistor self-heats and left for a certain period.
- Pro 1 to 3 are different Temperature profiles of devices 1 to 3 placed in a micropackage with a degree of vacuum are shown.
- FIG. 39 is a timing chart of the temperature measurement of the resistor in the embodiment.
- the horizontal axis indicates time, and the vertical axis indicates drive voltage.
- FIG. 40 is a diagram showing a circuit that processes an output signal of the infrared detection unit and complements a defect at the time of temperature measurement for determining the degree of vacuum.
- FIG. 41 is a diagram schematically showing the arrangement of the micro vacuum package in the cell array shown in FIG.
- FIG. 42 is a diagram schematically illustrating a cross-sectional configuration of an electronic device having a conventional vacuum package.
- a detection unit 12 such as a porometer of an infrared sensor is formed on the main surface of the silicon substrate 11. Specifically, after depositing a thin film of a material having a sensor function on the silicon substrate 11, the thin film is patterned by performing fine processing such as photolithography and etching technology.
- the plane shape of the detection unit 12 is designed to have, for example, the same plane shape as the resistor 15 1 in FIG.
- a silicon oxide film 13 covering the detection section 12 is deposited on the silicon substrate 11 by a thin film deposition technique such as a CVD method, and then a silicon oxide film is formed so as to cover the detection section 12 and its peripheral portion.
- Pattern 1 3 This patterning can also be performed by photolithography and etching techniques.
- the patterned silicon oxide film 13 functions as a sacrificial layer and is later etched away to define the shape of the cavity.
- the thickness of the silicon oxide film 13 defines the height of the cavity. In the present embodiment, the thickness of the silicon oxide film 13 is set in a range of, for example, 0.5 im or more and 2 m or less.
- a polysilicon film 14 covering the silicon oxide film 13 is deposited on the silicon substrate 11 by a thin film deposition technique such as the CVD method.
- the polysilicon film 14 is a cavity wall member that functions as a side wall and a ceiling wall of the cap portion of the electronic device after the cavity is formed.
- the thickness of the polysilicon film 14 is set, for example, in a range from 0.5 m to 2 m.
- Polysilicon is one of the materials exhibiting excellent etching resistance to various etchants used for etching silicon oxide.
- etching holes 21 penetrating through the polysilicon film 14 and reaching the silicon oxide film 13 are formed.
- the hole 21 for etching is formed by photolithography and etching technology. It is formed in an arbitrary number and arrangement at an arbitrary position by a technique. In this embodiment, the diameter of the etching hole 21 is set in the range of 0.1; um to 6 im.
- hydrofluoric acid is injected into the etching holes 21 to etch the silicon oxide film 13.
- the silicon oxide film 13 dissolved and dissolved with hydrofluoric acid is removed through the etching hole 21 to form a cavity 22 surrounded by the polysilicon film 14. Inside the cavity 22, the detection portion 12 of the sensor is exposed.
- the A ⁇ film 1 covering the upper surface of the polysilicon film 14 is formed.
- the Al film 16 is formed by oblique sputtering.
- the thickness of the A ⁇ film 16 differs depending on the diameter of the etching hole 21, but in the present embodiment, it is set to 2. ⁇ im. This sputtering is performed under a pressure of 5 Pa or less.
- the etching hole 21 is closed by the AI film 16, and the pressure inside the cavity becomes 5 Pa or less.
- Step B Form polysilicon film to cover sensor detection part and peripheral circuit part
- Infrared rays pass through the polysilicon film 14 but do not pass through the metal seal member 16a.
- the metal seal member 16a occupies only a very small area as a whole, there is almost no problem in practice.
- the formation position of the etching hole 21 in the step shown in FIG. 4E should not overlap with the detection part of the infrared sensor (resistor 15 1 shown in FIG. 2) as much as possible. Thus, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the detection sensitivity of infrared rays.
- an A ⁇ film (metal film) for closing the etching hole 21 is deposited by sputtering, so that the pressure ( That is, the etching hole 21 can be closed under a high degree of vacuum. Therefore, the degree of vacuum in the cavity 22 can be kept high, for example, at a pressure of 5 Pa or less. Therefore, heat conduction from the detection section of the sensor disposed in the cavity 22 to the space around the detection section can be reduced, and the detection sensitivity of the sensor can be improved.
- the sensitivity of the sensor can be improved without affecting the aluminum wiring and the like.
- gas or the like is filled in the cavities 22 as in the case of using the CVD method. Adsorbed and there is almost no polysilicon film. Therefore, there is a problem that the residual gas or the like is released into the cavity 22 while the electronic device is used, and the degree of vacuum is deteriorated.
- sputtering is performed while maintaining the temperature in the chamber 1 at 400 ° C to 500 ° C while flowing Ar gas into the chamber 1 at a flow rate of 1 ⁇ to 3 / (mI / min). It is desirable to perform If the temperature inside the chamber during sputtering is less than 40 ° C, the reflow speed of the sputtered ⁇ I particles decreases, and the A ⁇ film grows at a low rate. This is because it takes an excessive amount of time to close, and if the temperature during sputtering exceeds 500 ° C, it adversely affects A1 wiring and the like.
- the distance between the sputtering target and the substrate is not more than I 0 cm.
- the percentage of metal particles incident perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate increases, so that a metal film is deposited on the side wall surface of the etching hole. This is due to the lower speed, the more time it takes to seal the etching holes, and the greater the number of metal particles that can enter the cavity.
- Metals to be sputtered are aluminum (A 1), tungsten (W), titanium (T i), molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu), tantalum (T a), iron ⁇ , and lium (Ba). And other metals such as strontium (Sr), platinum (Pt), and rubidium (Rb), and compounds thereof, and any of these metals can be used.
- a sensor that does not require a very high vacuum such as an infrared sensor
- the detection sensitivity of the sensor can be sufficiently improved as compared with.
- the etching hole 21 is closed with the metal sealing member 16a by sputtering metal obliquely from above the polysilicon film 14, but the sputtering is performed obliquely.
- the etching hole 21 can be closed by using sputtering.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are partial cross-sectional views each showing a part of a manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the present embodiment.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B show the configuration of a polysilicon film or the like formed in the step shown in FIG. 4E.
- a tapered etching hole 21a is provided in the polysilicon film 14 of the electronic device according to the modification shown in FIG. 5A.
- the sputtered metal is deposited on the tapered wall surface of the etching hole 21a, thereby closing the etching hole 21a.
- the polysilicon film 14 of the electronic device according to the modification shown in FIG. 3 (b) is provided with a stepped etching hole 21b.
- the sputtered metal is deposited on the wall surface parallel to the main surface of the stepped portion of the etching hole 21b, thereby closing the etching hole.
- the sputtered metal penetrates into the cavity 22 in the initial stage of sputtering, and the sensor detection part 12 A metal deposit 16b will be formed on top.
- the detection unit 12 is, for example, a resistor (bore meter) of an infrared sensor, the metal generally does not transmit infrared light, so that the detection sensitivity may be affected.
- the first means is to provide an etching hole in the case of the resistor 15 1 as shown in FIG. 2 so that it does not overlap with the resistor 15 1 on the passage of infrared rays as much as possible. .
- the metal does not exist at a position that blocks the passage of the infrared light.
- the resistor and the etching hole do not overlap in a plan view. It will be.
- FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the structure inside the cavity of the electronic device when the first means is taken.
- FIG. 6 only the inner wall surface of the cavity 22 is shown, and the outline of the polysilicon film surrounding the cavity 22 is omitted.
- the broken-line circles in the figure indicate the metal seal members 16a that block the etching holes.
- a resistor 31 and a support member 32 which are porometers of an infrared sensor, are arranged in a cavity 22, a metal seal member for closing the resistor 31 and the etching hole is provided.
- a second means is to cover the resistor, which is the detection unit of the infrared sensor, with an insulating film such as an oxide film that is thin enough to allow infrared rays to pass through. In that case, even if the metal is deposited on it, the temperature of the resistor rises as the metal absorbs infrared rays and rises in temperature, so there is no significant effect on the detection sensitivity.
- the detection of infrared rays is calculated by subtracting that amount. As long as there is no conduction, it is considered that detection accuracy has almost no effect. Also, regarding the detection sensitivity, it is considered that there is no significant effect unless the metal film covering the etching hole covers up to about 50% of the plane area of the resistor, as viewed from the incident direction of infrared rays.
- the metal film that closes the etching hole when viewed from the direction of incidence of the infrared ray is formed of the resistor.
- it is provided so as to cover 10% or more of the plane area.
- FIGS. 7A to 7C are cross-sectional views showing the steps from the manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the present embodiment to the formation of the sacrificial layer.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a process of manufacturing an electronic device, from forming a sacrificial layer to flattening the BPSG film.
- 7G to 7I show electronic data according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a process of flattening a BPSG film and then patterning a protective film and the like in a device manufacturing process.
- FIGS. M to N are cross-sectional views showing steps from the step of forming an etching hole to the step of forming a sealing member for closing the etching hole in the manufacturing process of the electronic device according to the present embodiment. is there.
- a method for manufacturing a porometer-type infrared sensor will be described. However, the present embodiment can be applied to a method for manufacturing another sensor.
- a peripheral circuit section 52 is formed on a silicon substrate 51 in a step shown in FIG.
- Known elements such as a MOS transistor die are formed in the peripheral circuit section 52.
- a silicon oxide film 53 covering the silicon substrate 51 and the peripheral circuit portion 52 is formed by a CVD method.
- the polysilicon film is patterned to form a first sacrificial polysilicon layer 55.
- the first sacrificial polysilicon layer 55 is to be removed in a later step to define the shape of the lower cavity.
- a silicon oxide film 56 covering the entire substrate 51 is formed by a CVD method, and then the upper surface of the silicon oxide film 56 is flattened. This planarization uses a method such as CMP or etch back.
- a polysilicon film is deposited on the silicon oxide film 56 and then patterned to form a resistor 5 which functions as a porometer.
- the resistor 57 has the same planar shape as the planar shape of the resistor 31 as shown in FIG.
- the resistor 5 may be made of a metal such as titanium (Ti) in addition to polysilicon.
- a BPSG (Polyphosphosilicate glass) film 59 covering the silicon oxide film 56 and the resistor 57 is deposited, and then flattened by reflow. Since the film 3 is provided to electrically insulate the wiring 1 from the peripheral circuit 52 and the resistor 5, another insulating film may be used instead of the BPSG film 59. it can.
- contact holes that respectively reach the elements of the peripheral circuit portion 52 and the resistor 57 are formed in the BPSG film 59, and then the contact holes are formed inside the contact holes and on the BPSG film 59. 1 Deposit the alloy film. Thereafter, the A ⁇ alloy film is patterned to form an A1 wiring 60 for connecting the resistor 57 and the element of the peripheral circuit section 52.
- a protective film 62 made of silicon nitride is formed to cover the A1 wiring 60 and the BPSG film 59.
- a groove 63 that penetrates through the protective film 62, the BPSG film 59, and the silicon oxide film 56 and reaches the first sacrificial polysilicon layer 55 is formed.
- the plane layout of the groove 63 at this time is shown in FIG. You.
- the groove 63 is formed so as not to cross the A1 wiring 60.
- a polysilicon film is deposited in the holes 63 and on the protective film 62, and then the polysilicon film is patterned to form a second sacrificial polysilicon layer 65 having a thickness of about 1 m. Form.
- This second sacrificial polysilicon layer 65 will be
- the second sacrificial polysilicon layer is
- the upper surface of the silicon oxide film 64 is flattened by CMP or the like.
- etching holes 66 penetrating through the silicon oxide film 64 and reaching the second sacrificial polysilicon layer 65 are formed.
- the diameter of the etching hole 66 is, for example, ⁇ 0.3 m or more.
- CF 4 gas is introduced into the second sacrificial polysilicon layer 65 and the first sacrificial polysilicon layer 55 from the etching holes 66, and the second sacrificial polysilicon layers 55 and 65 are removed.
- an upper cavity 68 is formed above the resistor 57, which is an infrared detecting portion of the infrared sensor, and a supporting member 67 that supports the resistor 57, and a lower cavity 69 is formed below them. That is, the resistor 57 and the substrate 51 are connected only by the support 67 a of the support member 67, and the resistor 57 is substantially insulated from the silicon substrate 51.
- FIG. 7M CF 4 gas is introduced into the second sacrificial polysilicon layer 65 and the first sacrificial polysilicon layer 55 from the etching holes 66, and the second sacrificial polysilicon layers 55 and 65 are removed.
- an upper cavity 68 is formed above the resistor 57, which is an infrared
- an AI film is deposited inside the etching hole 66 and on the upper surface of the silicon oxide film 24 by a sputter oblique to the substrate 51.
- the sputtering is performed at a pressure of 10 Pa or less. If it exceeds 1 ⁇ Pa, the heat insulation inside the cavity will be insufficient.
- the thickness of the AL film can be set to, for example, 2. 2. m.
- the thickness of the AI film 70 needs to be at least 1.7 m. Also, as the etching hole 66 becomes larger, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the A 1 film deposited by the sputtering method.
- an A 1 film (metal seal member) for closing the etching holes 66 is deposited by a sputtering method.
- the etching hole 66 can be closed under a lower pressure (higher vacuum). Therefore, the degree of vacuum in the upper cavity 68 and the lower cavity 69 can be kept high.
- the pressure in the upper cavity 68 and the lower cavity 69 can be maintained at a pressure of 5 Pa or less.
- a metal film is used to cover the etching holes 66, and a polysilicon film in which a gas or the like is adsorbed in the upper cavity 68 and the lower cavity 69 as in the case of using the CVD method.
- a gas or the like is adsorbed in the upper cavity 68 and the lower cavity 69 as in the case of using the CVD method.
- the porometer of the infrared sensor (the resistor 5) and the wall enclosing the support member 67 are made of silicon oxide / silicon nitride, and the sacrificial layer is made of polysilicon. Therefore, there are the following advantages. CF 4 gas is used to etch the sacrificial polysilicon layers 55, 65, but the oxide and nitride films have a smaller etching rate with CF 4 gas than the polysilicon layers.
- the oxide film and the nitride film (the constituent material of the support member 67) supporting the resistor 57 which is the detection unit of the infrared sensor are not removed by the CF 4 gas, the oxide film and the nitride film are not removed. There is no need to provide an etch stop layer around the periphery. This simplifies the process flow when the detection section of the infrared sensor is provided in the cavity.
- CF 4 gas instead of CF 4 gas, an etching solution such as K ⁇ H or TM AH may be used.
- An etching gas such as XeF may be used.
- an etchant is used, a high etching selectivity between the sacrificial polysilicon layers 55 and 56 and the silicon oxide film can be maintained. '
- the temperature inside the chamber is maintained at 4 ° C to 500 ° C while flowing Ar gas at a flow rate of 1 130 (m) Zm ⁇ n) into the chamber. It is desirable to perform sputtering. If the temperature inside the chamber at the time of sputtering is less than 4 ° C, the reflow rate of the sputtered A 1 particles will be low, and there will be a portion where the growth rate of the A 1 film is low. This is because it takes an excessive amount of time to cover the etching hole, and if the temperature during sputtering exceeds 500 ° C, the A 1 wiring 60 and the like are adversely affected.
- the distance between the sputtering target and the substrate is 10 cm or less.
- the distance between the sputtering target and the substrate is 1 O cm or more, the proportion of metal particles incident perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate increases, so that the metal on the side wall surface of the etching hole The rate at which the film is deposited is reduced, the sealing of the etching holes takes longer, and the number of metal particles entering the cavity increases.
- the metal to be sputtered is, in addition to aluminum (A 1), tungsten (W), titanium (T i), molybdenum (Mo), copper (Cu), tantalum (Ta), There are other metals such as Norium (Ba), Strontium (Sr), Platinum (Pt), and Rubidium (Rb) and their compounds. .
- the detection sensitivity of the + minute sensor can be improved as compared with the conventional manufacturing method.
- the appropriate range of the inclination angle at the time of the oblique sputtering can be defined in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and the shape of the etching hole is described in the first embodiment and its shape. Similar to the modification, the shape of the etching hole can be considered.
- the step coverage of a thin film deposited by sputtering is so high that the deposition rate of the metal film on the side wall of the etching hole is limited to the deposition rate on the upper surface of the substrate unless the oblique sputtering is used. Smaller than the rate. That is, in order to close the etching hole with the metal seal member, the aspect ratio is preferably larger than 1. However, the greater the thickness of the silicon oxide film 64, the greater the amount of infrared absorption by the silicon oxide film 64, and the lower the sensitivity of the infrared sensor.
- FIG. 9 is a view showing a structure of the infrared sensor according to the present embodiment in a step corresponding to the step shown in FIG. 7L.
- Infrared in this embodiment The final structure of the line sensor is almost the same as that of the infrared sensor of the third embodiment shown in the figure, but differs in the following points.
- the side portion of the second sacrificial polysilicon layer 65 is formed.
- a contact side etching hole 66a is formed.
- an etchant is introduced into the second sacrificial polysilicon layer 65 from its side surface, so that the etching efficiency of the second sacrificial polysilicon layer 65 is improved. Become. Therefore, even if the diameter of the other etching hole 66 is reduced, the etching efficiency of the second sacrificial polysilicon layer 65 and the first sacrificial polysilicon layer 55 does not decrease.
- the etching hole 66 can be more quickly closed with the metal sealing member.
- the thickness of the portion of the silicon oxide film 64 located above the second sacrificial polysilicon layer 65 can be reduced to increase the sensitivity of the infrared ray sensor.
- the side etching hole 66 a penetrates the silicon oxide film 64 and reaches the surface of the protective film 62. Therefore, since the side etching hole 66a is not a through hole, the side etching hole 66 is closed later by the metal sputtering (step shown in FIG. 7N).
- the metal deposited on both the bottom and side surfaces of 6a makes it possible to close the side etching hole 66a relatively easily.
- a metal film is deposited on the side of the upper cavity 65. Since the sensitivity and performance of a sensor such as an infrared sensor are hardly adversely affected, the diameter of the side etching hole 66a may be larger than that of the other etching holes 66.
- an etching groove may be formed along the side surface of the second sacrificial polysilicon layer 65. Further, the side etching hole 66 a (or an alternative etching groove) does not need to reach the protective film 62, and may be formed only in the upper portion of the silicon oxide film 64.
- FIGS. 1OA to 1C are cross-sectional views showing manufacturing steps corresponding to FIGS. 7M to 7N of the infrared sensor according to the present embodiment.
- a CF 4 gas is introduced from the etching hole 66 into the second sacrificial polysilicon layer 65 and the first sacrificial polysilicon layer 55, The second sacrificial polysilicon layers 55, 65 are removed.
- an upper cavity 68 is formed above the resistor 5 which is an infrared detecting portion of the infrared sensor and a supporting member 6 supporting the resistor, and a lower cavity 69 is formed below them. It is. That is, the resistor 57 and the support member 67 support the support member 6. The connection is established only by the pillar 67 a, and the resistor 5 is substantially insulated from the silicon substrate 51.
- a polysilicon film 71 having a thickness of, for example, about 50 ⁇ m is deposited on the exposed surface by CVD.
- the opening area of the etching hole 66 is reduced.
- an AI film is deposited in the etching hole 66 and on the upper surface of the substrate by sputtering. At this time, the sputtering is performed under a low pressure of 10 Pa or less. As a result, the etching hole 66 is closed by the AI film.
- the portion of the A1 film on the upper surface of the substrate is removed, and the metal seal member is left only in the etching hole 66.
- the first and second sacrificial polysilicon layers 55 and 65 are removed by using a relatively large etching hole 66 (for example, 0.35; um diameter).
- the small reticle hole 66 (for example, 0.3 jum diameter) can be closed by Al in a short time. Also, after the step shown in FIG. 1C, there is an effect that the time for etching back the AI film is shortened.
- the polysilicon film 71 Even if the polysilicon film 71 is deposited on the surface of the support member 6 in each of the cavities 68 and 69, the polysilicon film 1 passes infrared rays, so that the sensitivity of the infrared sensor is not affected. Absent. Also poly Even when a silicon oxide film is deposited instead of the silicon film 71, the sensitivity of the infrared sensor is hardly affected if the thickness is sufficiently small (for example, about 50 nm).
- FIG. 11 is a view showing the structure of the infrared sensor according to the present embodiment in a process corresponding to the process shown in FIG.
- the final structure of the infrared sensor in this embodiment is almost the same as the infrared sensor shown in FIG. 7 ⁇ , but differs in the following points.
- the upper surface of the silicon oxide film 64 is positioned at the same height as the upper surface of the second sacrificial polysilicon layer 65 by CMP or the like. Until the silicon oxide film 64 is flattened. After that, a silicon oxide film 73 having a thickness of about 50 nm and a polysilicon film 74 having a thickness of about 50 nm are sequentially deposited on the entire surface of the substrate by CVD. A relatively large opening is formed.
- the polysilicon film 74 is formed of a silicon oxide film instead of a silicon oxide film that surrounds the etching hole 66 when the first and second sacrificial films 55 and 65 are etched. End 3 and End 5 to make 5 structures.
- the thickness of the silicon oxide film that absorbs infrared rays is significantly reduced (in this example, the total thickness is 10 nm), so that a decrease in the sensitivity of the infrared sensor can be suppressed.
- the periphery of the polysilicon film 4 is covered with the silicon oxide films 73 and 75, the etching of the first and second sacrificial polysilicon layers 55 and 65 does not hinder at all.
- infrared sensors include, in addition to infrared sensors, pressure sensors, Acceleration sensors, flow sensors, vacuum transistors, etc.
- Infrared sensors are broadly classified into thermal types such as porometers, pyroelectric sensors, and thermopiles, and quantum types using PbS, InSb, HgCdTe, and the like.
- the Borromean one data, polysilicon, T i, T I_ ⁇ _N there is that utilizing a change in resistance, such as VO x. Further, there is a method utilizing a transient characteristic of a forward current such as a PN diode.
- thermopiles use the Seepek effect that occurs at the PN junction.
- the pyroelectric infrared sensor, PZ Ding, BST, Zn_ ⁇ are those utilizing the pyroelectric effect of the material, such as PbT I_ ⁇ 3.
- changes in the dielectric constant of these materials can be used.
- the quantum infrared sensor detects a current flowing by electronic excitation.
- these infrared sensors preferably have low heat dissipation from the infrared detection unit. It has the characteristics of improving the characteristics when sealed in a vacuum atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere in the cap body. In addition, the sensitivity of pressure sensors and acceleration sensors improves when the viscous resistance of air is reduced. Therefore, it is known that the characteristics can be improved by enclosing in a vacuum atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere in the cap body.
- the metal seal member made of A1 is used as the seal member of the present invention.
- a metal other than A1 and sputtering of polysilicon or the like is possible. Conductive materials can be used.
- the electronic device is an image sensor in which both the infrared detection unit and the visible light detection unit are integrated on the same substrate.
- a configuration example of an image sensor including an infrared detection unit and a visible light detection unit is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-167672.
- the electronic devices of this embodiment are arranged in a matrix (array) composed of rows and columns on a silicon substrate 160 and a silicon substrate 16 1.
- a plurality of infrared ray detection sections 161 and visible light detection sections 162 and a readout circuit section are provided.
- the readout circuit includes a vertical scan register 164 and a horizontal scan register 165.
- the multiple infrared detectors 1 61 arranged on the silicon substrate 160 are each covered with a separate micro vacuum package section 163. Note that in FIG. 12A, the micro vacuum is used for clarity.
- the package 163 is described as a package-type member different from the above-described cavity formed by using a semiconductor process such as thin film deposition, photolithography, and patterning technology.
- the cavity is formed by using a semiconductor process as in the above embodiments.
- Figures 12 (a) and (b) schematically show the arrangement of each part. It does not accurately represent the specific shape and scale of the actual electronic device configuration.
- the actual infrared detecting section 161 is preferably designed to be larger (for example, about 5 ⁇ m in size) than the visible light detecting section 162 so as to exhibit a predetermined sensitivity.
- the size of the infrared detector 161 is significantly larger than the size of the visible light detector 162, the preferred layout of the infrared detector 161 and the visible light detector 162 matches the layout shown in FIG. do not do.
- FIG. 13 is a perspective view schematically showing the configuration of a representative example of the infrared detector 161 shown in FIGS. 12 (a) and 12 (b).
- the infrared detecting section 161 includes an infrared absorbing section 166, a micro-heater section 16 and a micro-heater supporting section 168, which are formed inside the cavity 163 '.
- the micro heater section 168 is a resistor formed of a variable resistance material, and has two functions in the present embodiment.
- the first function is a function of detecting temperature by resistance change
- the second function is a function of generating heat by Joule heat.
- the amount of infrared radiation is detected by the temperature detection function of the micro heater section 167
- the degree of vacuum (pressure) in the cavity is detected by a combination of the heat generation function and the temperature detection function of the micro heater section 167. Can be.
- the micro-heater section 167 may be made of, for example, a semiconductor such as silicon, a metal oxide such as T i ⁇ (titania) x V ⁇ x (vanadium oxide), or a metal such as T i (titanium) or PT (platinum). Metal silicide. These materials have a coefficient of resistance change It is known as a large material and can exhibit an excellent temperature detection function. ( Also, impurities such as B, As, Sr, and Cu may be mixed into these materials. By adjusting these impurity doping levels, it is possible to control the electric resistance to an appropriate value by doping polysilicon and Sr.
- the plane size of the micro heater section 16 in the preferred embodiment is a size that fits within a rectangular area of 1 mm ⁇ 1 mm.
- the planar layout of the micro-heater section 16 as shown in FIG. 14 it has a meandering pattern included in a rectangular area of 50 m ⁇ 5 ⁇ m. This is for forming a relatively long resistor pattern with a relatively small occupied area.
- the micro-heater section 162 of the present embodiment is separated from the surface of the silicon substrate 160 (FIG. 12 (a)) by the micro-heater support section 168 (for example, only 1 m). (High position).
- the micro heater section 16 be designed to have a size that can accommodate a rectangular area of 1 mm ⁇ 1 mm.
- This small micro-heater section 16 is based on thin film deposition technology. After depositing a thin film of a material capable of exhibiting the above-mentioned functions by using photolithography and etching techniques, the thin film is patterned into a desired shape. The thickness of the thin film is set, for example, in the range of 50 nm to 1 m.
- the infrared absorbing section 166 is made of a material capable of absorbing infrared rays, for example, SiO 2
- the infrared detector 166 made of such a material absorbs infrared rays and generates heat when irradiated with infrared rays. As a result, the temperature of the infrared absorbing section 166 rises, and accordingly, the temperature of the microphone opening and the heater section 16 rises. Since the micro-heater section 16 is formed of a variable resistance material, the electrical resistance changes as the temperature rises. The change in electrical resistance is read out by the readout circuits (vertical scan register 164, horizontal scan register 165) shown in Figs. 12 (a) and (b), and the amount of infrared radiation can be known by detecting and detecting the change.
- the micro-heater support portion 168 is separated from the substrate surface by an insulator patterned in a column shape having a relatively small cross-sectional area compared to the length. are doing.
- the thermal conductivity of the microphone opening heater support portion 168 is low, and the thermal conductance between the micro heater portion 16 and the substrate 160 is small. As a result, the temperature rise of the micro heater section 16 at the time of infrared radiation can be increased, and the detection sensitivity of infrared rays is improved.
- the thermal conductance between the micro heater support 168 and the substrate 160 depends on the shape and material of the micro heater support 168. It can be obtained by calculation in advance.
- the micro-heater support part 168 has a square plate shape of about 50 m on a side supported by two pillars having a cross-sectional area of 3X3 / im 2 and a length of about 50 im as shown in FIG. 15, for example. , when formed from S i 3 N 4, the thermal conductance is calculated as 3X1 0- 7 W / K.
- a small micro-heater support as shown in FIG. 15 can be manufactured using MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) technology.
- the visible light detector 162 shown in FIGS. 12 (a) and (b) is composed of, for example, a photodiode, and measures the current or voltage generated by the amount of incident visible light to measure the visible light. The amount of incident light can be detected.
- the visible light detector 162 of the present embodiment is preferably formed by doping a selected region on the surface of the silicon substrate 160 with an impurity.
- the visible light detector 162 can be formed by a step of forming a readout circuit on a silicon substrate, or a step performed before or after the step of forming a readout circuit. In a preferred embodiment, the visible light detecting section 162 is formed before the step of manufacturing the infrared detecting section 161.
- the infrared detection section 161 and the visible light detection section 162 are formed on the same silicon substrate by a semiconductor process, a single chip image sensor for infrared rays and visible light is provided at low cost. It is possible to do.
- the light enters the infrared detector 161 and the visible light greeting unit 162, respectively.
- the infrared and visible light intensities are converted into electrical signals in each detection unit, and are sequentially read out by the readout circuits (164, 165). Since the infrared ray detecting section 161 and the visible light detecting section 162 are arranged in a matrix on the same substrate, an electric signal corresponding to the infrared image and the visible light image can be obtained. .
- An imaging method using photodetectors arranged in a matrix is disclosed in detail, for example, in JP-A-11-326037.
- the micro vacuum package section of the present embodiment covers each infrared detecting section 161 and the inside thereof is kept in a decompressed state (for example, about 5 mTorr).
- a decompressed state for example, about 5 mTorr.
- each vacuum package can take various forms. For example, as shown in FIG. 15, each vacuum package has an internal space large enough to include the microheater support 168, and the height of the internal space is, for example, It can be set to about 3 to 1 000 m.
- the micro-vacuum package can be manufactured by the method generally disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-32603. In other words, it is possible to form a ring-shaped joint surface made of, for example, a metal on both opposing surfaces of the cap body and the substrate in advance and then press-bond them in a high vacuum.
- the semiconductor process thin film deposition, Fabricating cavities by photolithography, etching, etc.
- the micro-heater section 167 of the present embodiment is formed of a resistance change material in the above-described cell, the electric resistance of the micro-heater section 16 changes according to its temperature. Therefore, the temperature of the micro-heater section 16 can be obtained by measuring the electrical resistance of the micro-heater section 16 by applying a current to the micro-heater section 16 from the outside.
- the electric resistance (value at a predetermined temperature) and the current of the micro heater section 167 are measured in a state where the infrared rays are not irradiated.
- the calorific value Q per unit time from the microheater can be calculated from Joule's law. That is, assuming that the measured electric resistance of the micro heater section 16 is R (ohm) and the current flowing through the heater section heater section 16 is I (ampere), Q is calculated from the following equation. Can be.
- the calorific value Q from the micro-heater section 167 can be known.
- the temperature of the micro-heater section 16 when the current flows through the micro-heater section 16 and the temperature of the substrate 160 are shown.
- the thermal conductance between the TO and micro-heater part 167 and the outside is g. At this time, the following relational expression is established.
- the thermal conductance g between the micro-heater section 16 and the outside is g, as shown below, the thermal conductance g s related to the heat flowing through the micro-heater support section 1 68, and the heat flow through the atmosphere gas inside the vacuum package. Is the sum with the thermal conductance g A of
- Q is calculated from the current I flowing through the micro heater section 167 and the electrical resistance R.
- a g s Ha et beforehand measured constants the substrate temperature TO is handled as a room temperature of about constant.
- the g A can be obtained by calculation.
- the relationship between the thermal conductance g A via the ambient gas and the pressure of the ambient gas can be determined by simulation or experiment. For this reason, if the thermal conductance g A through the atmospheric gas is determined, the internal force of the micro vacuum package can be known.
- the thermal conductance g A and the ambient gas In order to determine the relationship with the pressure by experiment, for example, a small opening is provided in a micro vacuum package as shown in Fig. 16 to prepare a test device, and this test device may be arranged in one vacuum chamber. Through the opening provided in the vacuum package, there is no pressure difference between the inside and outside of the micro vacuum package. For this reason, g A may be obtained from the above equation while changing the internal pressure of the vacuum chamber, and the pressure dependency of g A may be determined.
- FIG. 1A is a perspective view showing a micro heater section 167 formed in a rectangular cavity (micro vacuum package).
- FIG. 17B is a sectional view taken along a plane parallel to the XZ plane, and
- FIG. 1C is a sectional view taken along a plane parallel to the YZ plane.
- FIG. 1D is a diagram showing a layout on a plane parallel to the plane.
- the ridge (micro heater part and micro heater support part) is formed in a rectangular cavity having a width of about 20 m, a height of about 3 jum, and a long side length of about 100 im. ).
- the bridge has a thickness of about 1 jum and a width of about 8, and extends almost in the center of the cavity 163 'along the long side (length: about 100 m).
- the bridge in the present embodiment is formed of silicon doped with an impurity (dopant such as polon).
- the doped region (two parallel straight regions) is doped with impurities at a higher concentration than the other regions to lower the resistance.
- One end of the low-resistance, high-concentration impurity region extending linearly is electrically connected to one of a pair of aluminum electrode pads, and performs the same function as the conductor wiring.
- FIG. 18 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the electrical resistance and the degree of vacuum (pressure) in the microheater section shown in FIGS. 1A to 1D.
- the current flowing through the micro-heater decreases as the pressure increases. This means that as the pressure increases, the temperature rise in the micro-heater section decreases, and as a result, the decrease in the electrical resistance of the micro-heater section decreases.
- FIGS. 1A to 1D show examples of the length and width of the resistor in the microheater section 16 and the actual configuration of the microheater section is shown in FIG. It is not limited to one.
- the micro-heater section 16 of the present embodiment is used not only for measuring the degree of vacuum but also for measuring the amount of infrared irradiation. In the case where infrared light is detected by the micro-heater section, it is desirable to provide a serpentine pattern on the micro-heater section in order to increase the light receiving area.
- the current (electrical resistance) of the micro-heater section can be measured.
- the degree of vacuum (pressure) inside the micro vacuum package (inside the cavity) can be determined in real time.
- FIGS. 19 to 33 is a plan view showing a main part of the substrate, (a) is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A ', and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B'.
- FIG. 19 is a plan view showing a main part of the substrate, (a) is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A ', and (b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B'.
- a readout circuit (such as a transistor) is formed on a silicon substrate 16 #.
- the readout circuit section is preferably composed of a CMOS circuit integrated on a silicon substrate, and is manufactured by a known semiconductor integrated circuit manufacturing technique. Thereafter, although not shown, a visible light detecting portion is formed on the silicon substrate 16 #.
- a silicon oxide film (thickness: 100 nm, for example) 170 is deposited so as to cover the entire upper surface of the silicon substrate 160 by a thin film deposition technique such as a CVD method.
- a polysilicon layer 171 having a thickness of about 1 m is formed in a region where the infrared detecting section is to be formed.
- the polysilicon layer 1 is formed, for example, by depositing a polysilicon film on the silicon oxide film 1 by a CVD method, and then patterning the polysilicon film by photolithography and etching techniques. Can be made.
- This polysilicon layer 1 functions as a “first sacrificial layer” which is eventually removed by etching.
- the polysilicon layer 171 has a rectangular planar shape. As a result, a micro heater portion is formed above the polysilicon layer 171.
- the upper surface of the second silicon oxide film 17 2 is planarized. .
- This flattening is performed so that a silicon oxide film 171 having a thickness of about 250 nm remains on the polysilicon layer (first sacrificial layer) 17 1.
- the silicon oxide film 17 2 located above the polysilicon layer (first sacrificial layer) 1 1 is formed by etching the polysilicon layer (first sacrificial layer) and forming an etch stop layer under the micro heater. Function as
- a micro heater portion 173 made of polysilicon doped with B (poly) is formed in a region where the infrared detecting portion is formed.
- the micro-heater section 173 is formed, for example, by depositing a second polysilicon film on the second silicon oxide film 1 2, implanting B ions into the second polysilicon film, Fabricated by patterning the second polysilicon film by lithography and etching techniques.
- a dopant gas may be added to silane gas or the like, which is a raw material of polysilicon, during the deposition of the second polysilicon film.
- the impurity doped into the second polysilicon film is not limited to a day.
- ions such as BF 2 are implanted into selected regions of the second polysilicon film, so that the doping level of this implanted region is Is relatively increased, and the electrical resistivity (resistivity) is reduced.
- a region functioning as a resistor and a region functioning as a wiring portion as shown in FIG. 1D can be formed in the polysilicon.
- planarization is performed.
- the flattening is performed so that the third silicon oxide film 174 of about 1 m remains on the micro heater section 1-3.
- the third silicon oxide film 174 functions as an interlayer insulating film located between upper and lower wirings, a function as an etch stop layer above the micro heater in a sacrificial layer etching process, and an infrared absorbing portion. As a function.
- a contact hole 175 is formed on the silicon oxide film in order to electrically connect the micro-heater part 1 to the readout circuit part, and then the wiring part 175 is formed.
- Form 6 Contact holes 1 to 5 are formed by removing predetermined portions of the silicon oxide film by photolithography and etching techniques.
- the wiring portions 1 to 6 are formed by depositing a film made of a wiring material such as aluminum on the third silicon oxide film 1 to 4, and then patterning the film by photolithography and etching techniques.
- the wiring section 176 is patterned so as to connect the micro-heater section 1-3 with the readout circuit section via the contact hole 1-5.
- a polysilicon layer functioning as a second sacrificial layer is formed thereon.
- This polysilicon layer is also formed by depositing and patterning the polysilicon film by photolithography and etching techniques.
- planarization is performed. This flattening is performed so that the thickness of the fifth silicon oxide film 179 located above the polysilicon film functioning as the second sacrificial layer is about 500 nm.
- the fifth silicon oxide film 1-9 finally functions as the wall surface of the vacuum package.
- an etching hole 18 # having a diameter of about 0.3 jm is formed in the fifth silicon oxide film 179.
- the polysilicon layer functioning as a sacrificial layer is etched by introducing XeF 2 gas through an etching hole 180. This etching forms a cavity 163 'in the region surrounding the microheater.
- a silicon film 181 having a thickness of about 2 m is deposited on the fifth silicon oxide film by a sputtering method.
- the deposition of the silicon film 181 closes the etching hole 180, Seal cavity 1 63 '. Due to this sealing, the internal pressure of the cavity 163 'is maintained at the atmospheric gas pressure (the internal pressure of the sputtering chamber) during the sputtering process.
- an electrode pad (not shown) is formed.
- the microheater section can be placed (inside the cavity after decompression).
- a number of microheater portions are simultaneously formed on the same substrate by using the above MEMS technology. I do. Since each micro-heater is formed from a patterned thin film, it can be manufactured at low cost by MEMS technology.
- the present embodiment it is possible not only to measure the amount of infrared irradiation but also to detect the internal pressure of the cavity 163 ′ using the micro heater units 1 to 3. For this reason, when an abnormality occurs in the internal pressure of the cavity 163 'due to a defective manufacturing process, the abnormal pressure can be detected before the product is shipped. Immediately after manufacturing, the internal pressure of the cavity 163 'is at an appropriate level, and the pressure may increase with time during use. However, according to the present embodiment, according to the present embodiment, the pressure may increase as needed. Since the internal pressure of cavity 163 'can be measured, abnormal pressure can be detected.
- the specific resistance of the micro-heater 173 in this embodiment 1 X1 0 one 1 good to be designed in 1 X1 0 5 ⁇ cm or less in the range of Qcm Good. If the specific resistance of the micro heater unit 1 to 3 is larger than the upper limit of this range, the electric resistance of the micro heater unit 1 to 3 will not be a very large value, for example, 100 ⁇ or more. becomes difficult (yet, specific resistance ii: [No. is less than the lower limit of the above range, the resistance change rate occurring micro heater motor unit 173 becomes very small value of less than 1 X1 0- 3, temperature Detection becomes difficult.
- the micro-heater section 173 When etching the first sacrificial layer located below the micro-heater section 173, the micro-heater section 173 is prevented from warping upward or downward. It is preferable to arrange a film made of a material having a large tensile force on the upper and / or lower part of the substrate. Such a film made of a material having a large tensile force can be formed of, for example, SiN.
- etching the sacrificial layer instead of using the X e F 2, may be used an etching gas such as SF 6 and CF 4, it may be used a chemical such as TMAH Yuhi hydrazine.
- the material of the film deposited to close the etching hole is not limited to silicon, and another material (metal such as A1) may be used.
- the micro heater unit 1 to 3 functions as an infrared detection unit as in the present embodiment
- the amount of incident infrared light It is preferable that the member (cavity wall) that functions as the ceiling of the cavity be made of a material that absorbs less infrared light, in order to increase the energy consumption.
- the cavity wall portion it is preferable to form the cavity wall portion from silicon whose surface is covered with a thin silicon oxide film because the infrared absorption amount is small and the silicon oxide film functions as an etch stopper.
- FIG. 32 shows an embodiment in which a gettering thin film is provided inside the micro vacuum package (inside the cavity 163 ').
- the gettering thin film is activated by the heat generated by the micro-heater section 173, adsorbs gas present inside the micro vacuum package (inside the cavity 163 '), and can reduce its pressure.
- the silicon film 181 functioning as a sealing member is formed by a sputtering method, thereby reducing the internal pressure of the cavity 163 '.
- the reason why the internal pressure of the cavity 163 'can be reduced by forming the seal member by the sputtering method is that, as described above, the internal pressure of the sputtering chamber (which defines the internal pressure of the cavity 163') is reduced by the chamber of the CVD apparatus. This is because it is lower than the internal pressure.
- a gettering thin film is provided inside the cavity 163 ', and the pressure reducing effect of the gettering thin film is used.
- the formation method is not limited to the sputtering method, and various thin film deposition methods including a CVD method can be used. That is, after forming a sealing member by a known thin film deposition method, gettering by a gettering thin film is performed to sufficiently lower the internal pressure of the cavity 163 ′ and to reduce the internal pressure to a value (preferably 1 ⁇ Pa). Or less, and more preferably 5 Pa or less). Since the deposition of the seal member by the CVD method is performed at a pressure of, for example, about 6 Pa, the internal pressure of the cavity 163 'immediately after the deposition of the seal member by the CVD method is about 6 Pa. become.
- the gettering thin film 185 is provided below the micro-heater section 173 and below the silicon oxide film functioning as an etch stop layer.
- the thickness of the gettering thin film 185 is set to, for example, 5 ⁇ Onm. In order to maintain a high degree of vacuum inside the micro vacuum package by the function of the gettering thin film 185, it is necessary to set the thickness of the gettering thin film 185 to a sufficient level. It depends on the internal volume of the vacuum package.
- the electric resistance of the micro-heater unit 173 is set, for example, to 1 ⁇ or less. In a preferred example, when applying a voltage of 1_Rei_V the micro heater unit, 10- 4 W more heat is generated. When the thermal conductance between the micro heater unit 1 and 3 and the outside is set to 1 X1 ⁇ — 7 WZK, the temperature of the micro heater unit 1 and 3 becomes over 10 ⁇ OK, and the gettering thin film is sufficiently activated. be able to.
- the material of the gettering thin film 185 is, for example, Zr, Ti, Zr It is preferably selected from an alloy with Al and a non-evaporable getter material such as V (vanadium).
- the micro heater section 1-3 is heated to reactivate the gettering thin film 185
- the temperature may be raised to a temperature (for example, 900 degrees). By performing such heating, the molecules of the gas adhering to the surface and diffusing into the inside of the gettering thin film 185 can be exposed again to the getter material on the surface of the gettering thin film 185 ( activation) .
- the micro heater unit 1-3 and the substrate 160 are insulated, Is desirable.
- Ru because, adverse effects on the electronic circuit hardly. If the thermal conductance value is large, that is, if the heat insulation is insufficient, it is necessary to dispose an electronic circuit at a position away from the area where the heater opening portion 173 is formed, and the It may hinder miniaturization.
- the gettering thin film 185 is formed on the polysilicon layer 1 1 by sputtering, for example, from a getter material. Deposit a thin film Next, this thin film is manufactured by patterning it into a desired shape by photolithography and etching techniques.
- FIG. 33 The process shown in FIG. 33 is performed between the process of FIG. 21 and the process of FIG. The steps after this step are the same as the steps shown in FIGS. 22 to 31.
- the gettering thin film 185 is provided below the micro-heater portion 173, it is possible to prevent the infrared rays from being incident on the microphone opening heater portion 1-3. Absent.
- the gettering thin film 185 is easily thermally separated from the substrate.
- the heat absorbing / discharging unit that heats the inside of the micro vacuum package to detect the degree of vacuum in the cavity 16 3 ′
- the temperature detection unit performs the temperature detection
- the vacuum The activation section that heats the gettering thin film in order to improve the degree is realized by one micro heater. For this reason, it is possible to reduce the manufacturing cost and to improve the degree of integration of the device.
- the above-mentioned heat absorbing / discharging section, temperature detecting section, and activating section may be formed of different elements.
- a heat absorbing / releasing section may be provided instead of the heat absorbing / releasing section.
- the heat absorbing / releasing portion can be formed, for example, from a Peltier element. Thermal conductance is detected by detecting the temperature inside the micro vacuum package, which changes as the Peltier element generates or absorbs heat. g A is obtained, and the degree of vacuum can be obtained from this g A.
- each of the heat absorbing / discharging section, the temperature detecting section, and / or the activating section is provided in each vacuum package, but a plurality is provided in one vacuum package. You can.
- the cavity may be formed inside the substrate.
- a cavity is formed, and the heat absorption / release part, the temperature detection part, and the heat insulation between the Z or activation part and the substrate are provided.
- Such a configuration can be produced, for example, as follows. That is, first, an etch stop layer is formed on the surface of the substrate, and then an etch hole is formed in the etch stop layer. Next, a part of the substrate is etched through the etch hole to form a cavity inside the substrate.
- a silicon substrate may be used instead of the silicon substrate.
- an SOI substrate is used, an etch hole is formed in an oxide layer present inside the substrate, and a part of the substrate located below the oxide layer is removed through the etch hole to form a cavity. Good.
- heat insulation can be achieved by arranging a porous material such as porous silicon.
- the heat absorption / release section, temperature detection section, and / or activation section may be formed on any surface inside the micro vacuum package. No.
- the heat absorption / release section, temperature detection section, and / or activation section may be formed from a material other than silicon.
- a material other than silicon For example, it can be formed from a metal such as Ti or Pt, a metal oxide such as Ti ⁇ or V ⁇ X, or a semiconductor such as SiGe. If a semiconductor is used, a PN junction can be formed in the semiconductor and the temperature can be detected based on a change in forward current or voltage.
- the temperature detection unit detects the temperature by using the pyroelectric effect, by using the change in the dielectric constant caused by the temperature change (dielectric porometer), and by using multiple thermocouples.
- the thermocouples are connected in series, and a method is used to utilize the phenomenon (Seebeck effect) in which a thermoelectromotive force is generated in accordance with the temperature difference between the hot junction and the normal junction in the thermopile. May be.
- the degree of vacuum is detected based on the temperature of the microheater in the steady state, but the time required to change to the steady state is long because the thermal conductance of the microheater is large. If it becomes too much, it is possible to detect the degree of vacuum based on the temperature in the transient state.
- the electronic device of the present embodiment is a camera (imaging device) provided with an infrared area sensor.
- the camera of the present embodiment has a useless optical system 210 (FIG. 34 shows an example using a reflection optical system) for introducing infrared light emitted from a subject to an infrared detection unit.
- the element drive circuit 270 and the temperature detection & Peltier element drive circuit 280 that detect the surface temperature of the substrate 230 and control the substrate temperature by driving the Peltier element 250 To detect infrared light incident on the system. And a light-shielding plate for inspection.
- the optical system 21 is not a reflective optical system, but a refraction system, it is necessary to form a lens with silicon or germanium that transmits infrared light, but these materials are difficult to transmit visible light. Therefore, it is preferable to use a reflection optical system.
- each of the infrared detectors arranged on the substrate 230 is sealed with a cap.
- a large number of cells A1 to E5 each having a resistor (porometer) 2 ⁇ 1 and a switching transistor 2 ⁇ 2 are arranged in a matrix to provide a cell array.
- the size of one cell is, for example, 40 ⁇ m It is about 50 m, but it is sufficient if it is 20 m or more, which is almost twice the wavelength of infrared light to be detected.
- FIG. 35 also shows a signal processing circuit 260 for processing the output signal of the infrared detection unit, an element driving circuit 270 for pulse driving the infrared detection unit, and a temperature detection & Peltier element driving circuit 80.
- the Peltier element is an element that utilizes an action of absorbing heat accompanying movement of a carrier passing through a short key contact portion. At the time of temperature measurement, infrared light incident on the optical system is blocked by the inspection light shielding plate 290 shown in FIG.
- the gate electrodes of the switching transistors 2-2 of each cell are connected to select lines SEL-1 to SEL-5 extending from the vertical scanning circuit 209 (V-CAN).
- One end of the resistor 201 of each cell is connected to a power supply line 205, and the source of the switching transistor 202 is connected to data lines 204a to 204e extending from one end thereof via a grounded reference resistor R.
- the data lines 204a to 204e are connected to the output amplifier 206 via the switching transistors SWa to SWe, respectively.
- the gate electrodes of the switching transistors SWa to SWe are connected to signal lines 20a to 2e extending from the horizontal scanning circuit 208 (H-SCAN).
- a Peltier element 250 to which a temperature detection & Peltier element driving circuit 80 is connected is provided on the back surface of the substrate, whereby the temperature of the substrate 230 is controlled.
- the external vertical scanning circuit 209 (V-SCAN) and the horizontal scanning circuit 208 (H-SCAN) are connected to an external element driving circuit 270 and drive the infrared detecting unit.
- the signal from the infrared detector is output to the signal processing circuit 260 via the output amplifier 206.
- the infrared detection unit includes a serpentine resistance (porometer) 201 provided on a substrate 230 and a switching transistor 202 for turning on / off a current to the resistor 2-1.
- the material of the resistor 201 includes T i, T i ⁇ , polysilicon and the like, and any of them may be used.
- the switching transistor 202 includes a source region, a drain region, and a gate electrode, and electrically connects the resistor 201 sealed in a vacuum state to an external circuit.
- FIG. 36 is a graph showing the relationship between the sensitivity of the infrared detection unit and the degree of vacuum in the atmosphere.
- the sensitivity of the infrared detection portion in the atmosphere having a vacuum degree of 1 ⁇ _X10 one 2 To rr (1. 3 P a ) further depressurized vacuum than the degree is, the infrared sensor in the atmospheric pressure
- the sensitivity is about 1 ⁇ times higher than the sensitivity. That is, in the case of reduced pressure from 10- 2 T orr (1.
- the resistor If the resistor is heated for a predetermined period of time after it is heated to generate heat, the temperature of the resistor drops again and approaches the original temperature. By detecting this change in temperature, the pressure can be measured.
- FIG. 3 is a drawing for explaining the flow of heat in and out of the resistor.
- the following relational expression holds.
- FIG. 38 shows the temperature change of the resistor after self-heating of the resistor, leaving it for a certain period of time, and after 7 pounds.
- Pro 1 to 3 are different true The temperature profile of devices 1 to 3 placed in an empty micro package is shown.
- the constant temperature period (I) is a period before heating the micro-heater, and the heating period (II) is a period during which a current is applied to the resistor to heat it.
- the temperature T of the resistor rises, for example, by about 100 to ⁇ 1 ° C.
- the self-heating of the resistor stops, and the temperature of the resistor drops.
- the rate of this temperature drop depends on the heat capacity C of the resistor and the thermal conductance (G + G 2 ).
- the temperature T of the resistor drops to a temperature corresponding to the degree of vacuum.
- the temperature of the element 3 after the heat retention period (I II) is higher than the threshold value (set temperature), but the temperatures of the other elements 1 and 2 are lower than the threshold value.
- the difference between the temperature at the start of the heat retention period and the temperature at the end of the heat retention period is ⁇ .
- the degree of vacuum can be evaluated based on the temperature change ⁇ of the resistor. Specifically, ⁇ is measured for each resistor, and the average of the measured ⁇ T excluding the maximum and minimum values is taken.
- the degree of vacuum can be determined by a median filter method using the average value as a threshold value (set temperature). According to this method, it is possible to appropriately perform the relative evaluation of the degree of vacuum in each vacuum package in an electronic device in which the degree of vacuum is decreasing in many vacuum packages over time. . Instead of using this method In addition, the temperature at which the degree of vacuum in question is reduced may be determined as a threshold value (set temperature).
- FIG. 39 is a timing chart for measuring the temperature of the resistor in the present embodiment.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents drive voltage.
- the horizontal period is a period between HD clocks in FIG. 39
- a frame is a period between VD clocks.
- the incidence of infrared light on the infrared detection unit is blocked. More preferably, the line selection is not performed for several frames to several + frames before the constant temperature state (I) shown in Fig. 39, and the temperature of each infrared detector A1, B1 Stabilize to a level.
- the vertical scanning circuit 209 (V-SCAN) is driven in a state in which a voltage of 5 V is applied to Vdd while the temperature of each infrared detection unit is kept constant.
- the voltage is applied in the order of SEL # 1, SEL # 2 ⁇ '.
- the output signal S co (the first signal) of each infrared detector A1, B1, C1 ⁇ ' Output) are sequentially read.
- the value of the output signal Sco is written to the previous frame memory in the signal processing circuit 60 in the order selected by the horizontal scanning circuit 208 (H-SCAN).
- the vertical scanning circuit 209 (V-SCAN) is driven with a voltage of 25 V applied to Vdd.
- the value of the voltage applied to Vdd is preferably at least 2 ⁇ V larger than the value of the voltage applied in the steady state (I).
- the vertical scanning circuit 209 (V—SCAN) is driven, SEL # 1, SEL # 2- ⁇ are selected in this order, and when SEL # 1 is selected, the infrared ray detectors A1, B1, Voltage is applied to C 1 ⁇ .
- the heating period shows three horizontal periods, but the heating may be further extended by several tens of frames.
- the vertical scanning circuit 2 ⁇ 9 V-SCAN
- the vertical scanning circuit 2 ⁇ 9 V-SCAN
- the voltage is applied in the order of SEL # 1, SEL # 2, and when SEL # 1 is selected, the output signal S re of each infrared detector A1, B1, C1, To go.
- the value of the output signal S re (second signal output) is read out in the order selected by the horizontal scanning circuit 208 (H—SCAN).
- the signal processing circuit 60 compares the value of the output signal S re after the heating period with the value of the output signal S co before the heating period stored in the previous frame memory, thereby changing the temperature of each infrared detector. Can be detected.
- the infrared detection with the deteriorated vacuum degree is detected.
- the temperature of the unit is lower than the temperature of the infrared detector with a high degree of vacuum. From this, it is possible to evaluate the degree of vacuum of the cap body that seals each infrared detection unit by measuring the temperature change value before and after heating.
- the output voltage V (A 1) of the infrared detection unit A 1 has a resistance value R (A 1) of the infrared detection unit A 1 and a resistance value R (ref) of the reference resistance R shown in FIG. ) And the voltage Vdd applied to the power supply line 205. Therefore, the output voltage V (A1) of the infrared detection unit A1 is represented by the following equation.
- V (A1) ⁇ R (ref) Z (R (A1) + R (ref)) ⁇ ⁇ Vdd.
- the temperature T (t) of the infrared detector A1 is represented by the following equation.
- the temperature change value ⁇ between the temperature T (tO) during the constant temperature period (I) and the temperature T (t1) during the warming time (III) is expressed by the following equation. .
- T (t 1) Expressed by T (t ⁇ ). If the output voltage V (A1) is known, the resistance value R (A1) and the value of the applied voltage V dd are known, so the temperature change ⁇ depends on the output voltage V (A1) of the infrared detector A1. Determined uniquely.
- the pipe wall from the cap body, which is the cap body, moves Since the radiation heat of the porometer is reduced, the porometer will be cooled.
- the start timing is set for each SEL # 1, SEL # 2 and SEL # 3 in order to adjust the timing from start to read for each line. , But start at the same time.
- a voltage was applied to the porometer as a method for causing the porometer to self-heat, but as another method, a Peltier element was applied without applying a voltage to the porometer during the heating period (II).
- the substrate is heated by raising only the temperature of the Peltier element, and the temperature of the porometer is raised by heat radiation from the substrate or the tube wall of the cap body. For example, there is a method of returning the temperature to 10 ° C) and reading out each line.
- the degree of vacuum is worse as the porometer change temperature is larger, and that the degree of vacuum is better as the detected temperature difference is smaller.
- heating may be performed by using a porometer and a Peltier element together. (Signal processing method)
- FIG. 40 is a diagram showing a circuit that processes an output signal of the infrared detection unit and compensates for a defect at the time of temperature measurement for determining the degree of vacuum.
- the output signal Sco output from the infrared detector during the constant temperature period (I) shown in FIG. After being converted into a digital signal Dco, it is recorded in the previous frame memory 64.
- the output signal S re output from the infrared detection unit 20 after being left for a certain period of time is also subjected to A / D conversion by the ADC 66 of the signal processing circuit 6 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ and the digital signal D r ⁇ then c to, in the output signal the difference detection unit 65 a, prior to being recorded in the frame memory 6 4, Ru and the digital signal D co before the heating period, the change of the values of the digital signal D "e after heating Is generated.
- the defect detector 65b compares the output signal indicating the above-mentioned change value with a threshold value (set voltage value) set based on the threshold value (set temperature) shown in FIG. Judge the degree of vacuum of the infrared detector.
- the position of the infrared detection unit is stored in the defect position memory 63. (Method of complementing defective pixels)
- the infrared light emitted from the subject enters the infrared detector 2 ⁇ ⁇ with the inspection light shield removed, and the output signal of the infrared detector 20 is visualized. I do.
- the degree of vacuum gradually deteriorates in the region where each infrared detector 20 is sealed, and the degree of the deterioration is different for each cap body in which each infrared detector 20 is sealed. become. For this reason, the sensitivity of some of the infrared detectors 20 is reduced due to a large degree of vacuum deterioration, and the position of the infrared detector can be known by the above-described temperature measurement method. .
- the infrared light incident on the optical system 1 ⁇ passes through the infrared detector and becomes an output signal S.
- the output signal S is input to the video processing unit 61 in the signal processing circuit 60, and is converted into a digital signal of 8 bits or more by the ADC 66.
- the digital signal is stored in a line memory of three or more lines by the multiplexer Mux 6 and input to the ine memories 1-3, and each line (3 1_ # 1, SEL # 2 ⁇ in FIG. 35) ) Is temporarily stored as a signal for the pixel.
- the signal of the pixel of each line is input to the complementing processing 68, and the signal of the defective pixel stored in the defect position memory 63 is replaced with the signal of the defective pixel in the surrounding eight pixels.
- Interpolation complement processing is performed using the raw signal. Specifically, a signal of a pixel determined to be a defective pixel (B2 shown in FIG. 40) based on information from the defect position memory 63 is transmitted to peripheral pixels (A1, B1, C1, and C1 shown in FIG. 40). A2, C2, A3, B3, C3) are complemented by adding 8 pixel signals and replacing them with 1/8 times the value of the pixel signal.
- the data after the completion processing is input to the demultiplexer De # Mux 69, the line required for reading is selected, and the line is output to the outside as an output signal.
- FIG. Figure 41 is a diagram showing an arrangement of a micro vacuum package in Seruare I shown in FIG. 35 schematically, the cell array of the present embodiment, a micro vacuum package A, the micro vacuum package B and micro vacuum package C are arranged.
- the micro-vacuum package A is made of Si that transmits infrared light, and the inside of the micro-vacuum package is in a reduced-pressure atmosphere without blocking infrared rays.
- the micro vacuum package B has a surface formed by sputtering A1 or the like that blocks infrared rays, and the inside of the micro vacuum package is shielded from infrared rays and has a reduced-pressure atmosphere.
- the micro-vacuum package C is made of S ⁇ that transmits infrared rays, and an opening is formed in a part of the package. This allows the inside of the micro-vacuum package to be in an atmospheric pressure atmosphere without being shielded from infrared rays. I have. The functions of each micro vacuum package and the infrared detector enclosed in the micro vacuum package are described below.
- the infrared detection unit sealed by the micro vacuum package A (hereinafter referred to as infrared detection unit A) is under a reduced pressure atmosphere, and is in a state where infrared rays are incident.
- the infrared detector A outputs an output signal based on the intensity of the infrared light from the subject by detecting infrared light emitted from the subject.
- the output signal includes an offset value generated even in a situation where no infrared light is incident.
- the degree of vacuum in the micro vacuum package A is maintained at or above the reference value at the time of sealing, but it is considered that the degree of vacuum gradually deteriorates with the aging of the device.
- the infrared detecting section sealed by the micro vacuum package B (hereinafter referred to as “infrared detecting section B”) is under the same reduced pressure atmosphere as the infrared detecting section A, and is in a state where no infrared light enters.
- infrared detecting section B is under the same reduced pressure atmosphere as the infrared detecting section A, and is in a state where no infrared light enters.
- the infrared detecting section C. is under atmospheric pressure.
- the temperature of the infrared detector C is the case where the degree of vacuum is the lowest. Can be.
- the temperature of the infrared detection unit C With the average value of the temperature in the infrared detection unit A, it is possible to determine the degree of deterioration of the entire cell array.
- micro-vacuum package B and the micro-vacuum package C are arranged on the infrared detector located at the periphery of the infrared detector constituting the cell array.
- the arrangement of micro vacuum package B and micro vacuum package C is not limited to this.
- the micro vacuum package B is preferably provided at a rate of about 20 to 30 pixels per cell array having a signal of 51 ⁇ pixels in the horizontal direction.
- the micro vacuum package B and the micro vacuum package C are not necessarily formed, and either one of the two types may be formed or two types may be formed. Both of them are not formed.
- the micro-vacuum package C is not formed in the infrared detecting section C, and during the inspection, the infrared detecting section C is exposed to the atmospheric pressure, and the difference between the self-heating and the heat radiation of the port meter is measured. It is possible.
- the microphone opening vacuum package C having an opening in the infrared detecting section C is formed by setting conditions such as heat convection at the time of inspection close to those of the infrared detecting sections A and B. This is for more accurate measurement.
- the temperature change value measurement and the determination of the degree of vacuum described above may be performed at the time of manufacturing and shipping, or may be performed by a user after shipping. These are described below.
- micro vacuum packages A to C having a degree of vacuum of, for example, 1.3 ⁇ 10 3 Pa are formed.
- This forming method is performed in the same manner as the method performed in other embodiments. That is, a step of forming an etching hole, forming a cavity by etching, and closing the etching hole by sputtering may be performed.
- the inside of the micro vacuum package C is maintained at a known degree of vacuum in the vacuum chamber. Therefore, if the temperature change value is measured at this time, the temperature change value of the infrared ray detector C in the micro vacuum package C is determined as the temperature change value corresponding to the known and best vacuum degree. It can be a guide. This relationship can be used, for example, when setting a threshold value.
- the determination of the degree of vacuum at the time of shipment can be performed to detect a micro vacuum package in which the degree of vacuum inside has been degraded due to defective bonding of the cap at the time of manufacture or the like.
- the determination of the degree of vacuum after the device is shipped is performed to detect the elapse of time and the micro-vacuum package whose internal vacuum has deteriorated due to the use of the device.
- a threshold value calculated using the above-described correlation at the time of manufacturing should be determined in advance. Set the threshold value based on the average value of the temperature change values of the infrared detector c where the c is formed as a reference under the atmospheric pressure.
- one infrared detection unit is arranged in one micro vacuum package, but a plurality of infrared detection units may be formed in one micro vacuum package.
- a porometer is used as an element requiring a reduced-pressure atmosphere.
- a thermoelectric conversion element such as a PN junction diode, an electron-emitting element, and a wavelength of 40 to 50 Use an element that detects or emits m-meter terawaves.
- the electronic device of the present invention can be applied to various infrared sensors and other devices in addition to cameras.
- the method of determining the degree of vacuum a method of measuring the temperature by leaving the device for a certain period after the heating period has been described.In the present invention, the time until the temperature reaches the certain temperature after the heating period is measured. Determine the degree of vacuum by comparing the time with the threshold (set time).
- the degree of vacuum is detected using a change in current and a change in temperature.
- the degree of vacuum can be detected in a steady state.
- a plurality of infrared, detectors and visible light detectors are regularly arranged on the same substrate.
- the number of infrared detectors on the substrate may be one.
- An electronic device having such a configuration is suitably used, for example, as a surveillance camera.
- Surveillance turtle According to such an electronic device used as a camera, when the presence of a person is detected by the infrared detection unit, an image is captured by the visible light detection unit, and an image obtained thereby is used by an administrator of the monitoring camera. It will be possible to confirm.
- the opening for etching provided in the cavity wall member is closed by sputtering of metal or the like, so that the pressure of the cavity is reduced to a low pressure (high vacuum). It is possible to provide a high-performance electronic device such as a high-sensitivity infrared sensor that can be held.
- the pressure measuring element / gettering thin film is arranged inside a cavity such as a small vacuum package, it is possible to measure the degree of vacuum inside each micro vacuum package. Furthermore, by appropriately activating the gettering thin film inside the cavity, it is possible to maintain a high degree of vacuum inside the cavity ⁇ ! It will work.
Landscapes
- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
- Transforming Light Signals Into Electric Signals (AREA)
- Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)
- Pressure Sensors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US10/515,359 US7364932B2 (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2003-12-25 | Electronic device and method of manufacturing the same |
| JP2005506715A JP3703480B2 (ja) | 2002-12-27 | 2003-12-25 | 電子デバイスおよびその製造方法 |
| AU2003292630A AU2003292630A1 (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2003-12-25 | Electronic device and method of manufacturing the same |
| US11/838,937 US7563635B2 (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2007-08-15 | Electronic device and method of manufacturing the same |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
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| JP2002-379357 | 2002-12-27 | ||
| JP2002379357 | 2002-12-27 | ||
| JP2003-289888 | 2003-08-08 | ||
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| WO2004061983A1 true WO2004061983A1 (ja) | 2004-07-22 |
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| PCT/JP2003/016837 Ceased WO2004061983A1 (ja) | 2002-12-27 | 2003-12-25 | 電子デバイスおよびその製造方法 |
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| US (2) | US7364932B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP3703480B2 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU2003292630A1 (ja) |
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2007
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8268660B2 (en) | 2003-04-02 | 2012-09-18 | Sony Corporation | Process for fabricating micromachine |
| JP2011245620A (ja) * | 2003-06-04 | 2011-12-08 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | マイクロ電気機械的装置及びその封緘方法及び製造方法 |
| JP2006526509A (ja) * | 2003-06-04 | 2006-11-24 | ロベルト・ボッシュ・ゲゼルシャフト・ミト・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング | マイクロ電気機械的装置及びその封緘方法及び製造方法 |
| JP4895805B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-04 | 2012-03-14 | ロベルト・ボッシュ・ゲゼルシャフト・ミト・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング | トレンチで分離されたコンタクトを有するマイクロ電気機械システム及びその製造方法 |
| JP2008519972A (ja) * | 2004-11-12 | 2008-06-12 | キネテイツク・リミテツド | 赤外線検出器 |
| JP2008524621A (ja) * | 2004-12-21 | 2008-07-10 | ユリス | 特に赤外線電磁放射を検出する構成部品 |
| JP4854676B2 (ja) * | 2004-12-21 | 2012-01-18 | ユリス | 特に赤外線電磁放射を検出する構成部品 |
| JP2006264998A (ja) * | 2005-03-22 | 2006-10-05 | Kyocera Corp | 燃料改質器および燃料改質装置 |
| JP2007216308A (ja) * | 2006-02-14 | 2007-08-30 | Seiko Epson Corp | 電子装置及びその製造方法 |
| JP2010034547A (ja) * | 2008-07-01 | 2010-02-12 | Commiss Energ Atom | ゲッタ材料によりマイクロ電子デバイスを封入する方法 |
| US9309110B2 (en) | 2008-07-01 | 2016-04-12 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Method of encapsulating a microelectronic device by a getter material |
| WO2011033616A1 (ja) * | 2009-09-16 | 2011-03-24 | 京セラオプテック株式会社 | 光学素子および生体用赤外線センサ |
| US9145489B2 (en) | 2010-12-23 | 2015-09-29 | Compagnie General Des Etablissements Michelin | Process for preparing a masterbatch in the liquid phase |
| JP2016194507A (ja) * | 2015-02-20 | 2016-11-17 | コミサリア ア レネルジ アトミク エ オウ エネルジ アルタナティヴ | 排出口を有する封入構造を有する電磁放射検出装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20070298534A1 (en) | 2007-12-27 |
| AU2003292630A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
| JP3703480B2 (ja) | 2005-10-05 |
| US7364932B2 (en) | 2008-04-29 |
| US20050176179A1 (en) | 2005-08-11 |
| US7563635B2 (en) | 2009-07-21 |
| JPWO2004061983A1 (ja) | 2006-05-18 |
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