WO2004051057A1 - A valve mechanism of engine, its cylinder head and its operation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a valve mechanism of engine, its cylinder head and its operation method. The cylinder head on which the valve mechanism is disposed comprises valves, an intake passage and an exhaust passage. The cylinder head is designed as layered structure, the lower layer involves valves, the middle layer is divided into a leftward air passage and a rightward recover passage, wherein the air passage is provided with an air valve, the recover passage is provided with a recover valve, the upper layer involves a leftward intake passage and a rightward exhaust passage, wherein the intake passage is provided with an intake valve, the exhaust passage is provided with an exhaust valve. A common passage for intake and exhaust is disposed in the middle of the cylinder head. It can reduce the resistance during admission and discharge, and can perform scavenging.

Description

 Gas distribution mechanism of internal combustion engine and its

 Cylinder head and implementation method thereof

 The invention relates to an air distribution mechanism of an internal combustion engine, and in particular, to an air distribution mechanism capable of reducing intake and exhaust resistance and performing scavenging, and a method for implementing the same. Background technique

 Generally, the valve train is composed of two parts: the cylinder head and the drive device for the valve outside the cylinder head. In the cylinder head, there is an intake port, an exhaust port, a valve, and auxiliary parts and some driving devices to ensure the valve reciprocating, such as a rocker arm or a camshaft. The driving devices for the valves outside the cylinder head are generally camshafts, tappets or only A chain, belt, or gear that drives the camshaft. With the continuous development of technology, an electromagnetic valve drive (EVA) has emerged to drive the opening and closing of the valve. It does not require a gas distribution cam and corresponding components, and there is no outside the cylinder head. The valve driving device greatly reduces the valve distribution mechanism. In short, there are many types of valve distribution mechanisms.

 The valve has two functions: First, it seals the compression process of the internal combustion engine's compression stroke and the work process of the power stroke; Second, it distributes the intake and exhaust airflow, that is, the gas required in the cylinder (that is, air, combustible The mixed gas or combustible gas) is sucked in from the intake duct, and the exhaust gas generated is discharged through the exhaust duct.

 Since the history of the internal combustion engine, in order to reduce the intake and exhaust resistance, the internal combustion engine has only adopted the method of increasing the valve (that is, the multi-valve valve mechanism) to reduce the intake and exhaust resistance.

The use of a multi-valve valve-distribution mechanism reduces the intake and exhaust resistance to a certain extent, but at the same time brings some problems that are not easy to solve, such as the complicated structure of the valve-distribution mechanism, increased failure rates, increased manufacturing costs, and increased manufacturing technology. And the improvement of manufacturing accuracy ... The adoption of multi-valve valve distribution mechanism, although the intake and exhaust resistance is reduced to a certain degree Force, but its effect of reducing intake and exhaust resistance is not ideal. The intake and exhaust flow area of the four-valve valve mechanism is only about 30% larger than the intake and exhaust flow area of the two-valve valve mechanism. The intake and exhaust flow area of the five-valve valve mechanism is larger than that of the four-valve valve mechanism. The inlet and exhaust flow area also increased only slightly.

 Adopting a multi-valve valve-distribution mechanism, the intake and exhaust flow areas increase logarithmically with the number of valves used, but many problems caused by it increase exponentially with the number of valves used It is more and more difficult to solve. From these two considerations, there is a limit to the increase in the number of valves used, that is, the way to reduce the intake and exhaust resistance simply by increasing the number of valves is not working. It is at least quite difficult, and it is unrealistic and meaningless.

 From the above analysis, it can be known that the use of a small number of valves in the valve train has a significant effect on reducing the intake and exhaust resistance; it is also feasible from many aspects involved. .

 As far as the current gas distribution mechanism is concerned, there is a common problem. The present inventor believes that this is a key issue that must be solved. At present, when the internal combustion engine enters and exhausts, only the corresponding valve opening is performed. Exhaust, the other valve opening is closed and the valve is closed and left unused, which cannot be fully utilized. This is the root cause that the area of the intake and exhaust circulation cannot be greatly increased. It is like a person exhales with one nostril and the other with nostrils. The breath of qi always feels like belching.

 The internal combustion engine uses scavenging technology to both exhaust the exhaust gas in the cylinder and cool the components in the air flow path. In order not to waste fuel and pollute the environment, the internal combustion engine (such as a combustible mixture or combustible gas) that enters the fuel (combustible mixture or combustible gas) through the air intake duct (such as Most gasoline engines and combustible gas engines), to avoid scavenging, so that the performance of the internal combustion engine cannot be fully exerted, and it affects the service life and ignition reliability of the internal combustion engine.

Summary of the Invention

In order to solve the above problems, the main object of the present invention is to provide an air distribution mechanism of an internal combustion engine, which can reduce intake and exhaust resistance and perform scavenging. Another object of the present invention is to provide a cylinder head of a valve mechanism of an internal combustion engine, which can reduce intake and exhaust resistance and perform scavenging.

 It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method for realizing the above-mentioned internal combustion engine's air distribution mechanism, which can reduce the resistance of intake and exhaust and perform scavenging.

 The object of the present invention is achieved as follows:

 A cylinder head for an air distribution mechanism of an internal combustion engine. The cylinder head includes a valve, an intake port, and an exhaust port, and is characterized in that: the cylinder head has a layered structure, and a lower layer includes a valve; the middle layer is separated by a cylinder head body There are an air passage on the left and a recovery passage on the right, where the air passage has an air valve, and a recovery valve is provided in the recovery passage; the upper layer includes the left air inlet and the right air outlet, where the air inlet An air inlet valve is provided, and an air outlet valve is provided in the exhaust passage, and an intake and exhaust passage common to the air intake and exhaust is formed in the middle part.

 The cylinder head includes an intake and exhaust passage, and a partition is provided in the intake and exhaust passage. The cylinder head includes a valve, and the driven exhaust is provided in the exhaust passage. The cylinder head includes an intake and exhaust passage and a valve. The exhaust passage is provided with a partition and a driven partition.

 The intake and exhaust passage is a common passage for intake and exhaust, and the valve port is a port at the cylinder end of the intake and exhaust passage; the air passage communicates with the intake and exhaust passage, and a first air valve and a second air valve are provided in the air passage, The first air valve is a shut-off valve, and the second air valve is a non-return valve. The air passage is opened to allow the air to pass during the scavenging and recovery of the fuel in the first and second intake and exhaust passages, and the rest of the time is closed; the recovery passage It is in communication with the intake and exhaust channels. The recovery channel is provided with a first recovery valve and a second recovery valve. The first recovery valve is a return valve. The second recovery valve is a shut-off valve. The recovery channel is closed to the next working cycle after the valve is closed. Turn on before exhausting and turn off the rest of the time.

Before the end of the intake air to the exhaust of the next working cycle, the air valve and the recovery valve respectively open the air passage and the recovery passage, so that the fuel entering the exhaust passage along with the air entering the air passage enters the intake system of the internal combustion engine through the recovery passage. Then, the gas from the intake system enters the cylinder for combustion. Between the exhaust channels, and respectively control the intake process of the corresponding intake and exhaust channels;

The inlet and exhaust passages are between the intake and exhaust passages and the intake and exhaust passages; the manifold valve is arranged between the exhaust passages and the intake and exhaust passages and the intake and exhaust passages; the intake gang is selected as a shut-off valve.

 The cylinder head includes a valve, which is always open during the intake and exhaust periods; the cylinder head or includes multiple valves, during the intake and exhaust periods, the valve is always open or the valve is opened at certain times or part of the valve is always open, The rest of the valves are open at different times.

 An air distribution mechanism of an internal combustion engine includes a cylinder head and a valve driving device. The cylinder head includes a valve, an intake port, and an exhaust port. The valve of the cylinder head is located above a piston inside the cylinder. The valve is connected, characterized in that: the cylinder head has a layered structure, and the lower layer includes a valve; the middle layer is separated by a cylinder head body from the left air channel and the right recovery channel, wherein the air channel is provided with an air valve for recycling A recovery valve is provided in the passage; the upper layer includes a left air inlet and a right air outlet, wherein the air inlet is provided with an air inlet valve, the air outlet is provided with an air outlet valve, and an air inlet, Exhaust intake and exhaust channels.

 The valve driving device is an electromagnetic valve driving, that is, an EVA, or a driving mechanism with a gas distribution cam.

 The valve driving device is a valve distribution cam that drives the valve to work continuously. The crank angle corresponding to the opening time of the driving valve is γ + 360 ° + (5; or the valve driving device is a valve distribution cam that drives the valve to work intermittently. Small protrusions are cut on the basis of the convex part of the continuously-operating valve cam that drives the valve, which corresponds to the opening and closing process of the valve; or the valve driving device is a combination of a continuous cam and an intermittent cam. To drive the valve to work in a compatible manner.

A method for realizing the valve distributing mechanism of the internal combustion engine is as follows: Inlet and exhaust valves are set in the center to distribute the intake and exhaust airflow. The valve only seals the compression process of the internal combustion engine's compression stroke and the work process of the power stroke. During the intake and exhaust, the valve opening can be all Or as much as possible, to open the intake and exhaust flow area, reduce the intake and exhaust resistance; set the air channel can communicate with the intake and exhaust channels to provide scavenging air, so that any internal combustion engine can scavenge.

 Inlet and exhaust valves are respectively arranged at the inner ends of the intake and exhaust channels, and they distribute the intake and exhaust airflow, so that the exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust channel, and the cylinder sucks the gas from the intake channel. The valves are only for the compression stroke of the internal combustion engine. The compression process and the work process of the work stroke act as a seal, so that the valve opening can be fully or fully opened during the intake and exhaust (for the purpose of scavenging, some valve openings are only moment So that the airflow cannot pass through) to increase the area of intake and exhaust flow and reduce the resistance of intake and exhaust; set up air passages that can communicate with the intake and exhaust passages to provide scavenging air so that any internal combustion engine can scavenge.

 The structure of the gas distribution mechanism is:

The cylinder head has a layered structure: the lower layer is a valve (the lower layer is called a single valve, and the valve mechanism with a single valve is called a single valve valve; the lower layer is more than one valve called a non-single valve, which has a non-single valve The valve valve mechanism is called non-single valve mechanism), which seals the compression process and the work process of the internal combustion engine's compression stroke. The middle layer is the intake and exhaust passages, or the intake and exhaust passages and the partition and / Or driven partitions, or intake and exhaust channels and partitions and / or driven partitions and air channels, or intake and exhaust channels, partitions and / or driven partitions, air channels and recovery channels; The air passage is a common passage for intake and exhaust, the valve port is the port on the cylinder end of the intake and exhaust passage, and when an intake and exhaust passage and / or a valve (referring to a gas red cover corresponding to a gas red) is used in the cylinder head, For the purpose of scavenging, a partition and / or a driven partition is provided in the intake and exhaust channels, which are used to divide the intake and exhaust channels into an intake channel and an exhaust channel. The air that enters the channel directly from another The exhaust passage is exhausted; the air passage and the recovery passage are arranged outside the intake and exhaust passages, and can communicate with the intake and exhaust passages to provide scavenging gas (referred to as the scavenging air, the same below) and the intake and exhaust after the recovery valve is closed. Pass The fuel stored in the channel is provided with an air valve and a recovery valve in the air channel and the recovery channel (the air valve and the recovery valve are shut-off valves or cut-off valves and check valves) to control their on-off with the intake and exhaust channels; It is the intake and exhaust valves and the intake and exhaust channels. The intake and exhaust valves distribute the intake and exhaust airflows so that the exhaust gas is exhausted from the exhaust channels. The combustion gases (referring to air and fuel, sometimes also in the cylinder) Refers to exhaust gas, the same below) from the intake port; during the intake and exhaust period, that is, from the start of exhaust to the end of the intake of the next working cycle, the valve has three working modes:

 The working mode in which the valve is always open is called continuous;

 The working mode of the valve opening in different periods is called intermittent;

 Some of the valves are always open, and the working mode of the other parts of the valves that are opened at different times is called compatible;

 The driving valve is a continuously operating valve cam. The crank angle corresponding to the opening time of the driving valve is: γ (exhaust advance angle, the same below) + 360 ° + ρ (intake retard angle, the same below), The driving valve is cut based on the convex portion (ie, convex tip, the same below) of the continuously-operating valve cam, which has a small protrusion (ie, small convex tip, the same below), corresponding to the opening and closing process of the valve. Discontinuous work by driving the valve (distribution cam cylinder that drives the valve working intermittently is called intermittent cam, the same applies hereinafter); continuous cam and intermittent cam are combined to drive the valve to work in a compatible manner .

 Compared with the current gas distribution mechanism, the gas distribution mechanism of the present invention has the following characteristics:

Α, simple structure.

 Β. During intake and exhaust, the intake and exhaust flow area formed by the single-valve valve distribution mechanism can be larger than the intake and exhaust flow area formed by any non-single-valve valve distribution mechanism.

 C. Because the single-valve valve-distribution mechanism has only one valve opening, the intake and exhaust modes are relatively simple.

D. The valve function is reduced. At present, the valves in the gas distribution mechanism have at least two functions: a. It seals the compression process of the internal combustion engine's compression stroke and the work process of the power stroke; b. It distributes the intake and exhaust airflow, so that the exhaust gas flows from Exhaust The gas required in the cylinder enters from the inlet.

 In the gas distribution mechanism of the present invention, these two functions are performed by the valve and the intake and exhaust valves, respectively. The valve seals the compression process of the internal combustion engine's compression stroke and the work process of the power stroke. The intake and exhaust valves distribute the intake and exhaust airflow, so that the exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust duct. The air inlet enters.

 E. The division of labor between the valves is reduced. The reduced valve function reduces the division of labor between the valves. Except for the intake and exhaust valves during scavenging, there are no intake and exhaust valves between the valves, which makes the working environment of the valves close to the same, the interchangeability is improved, and the maximum operating temperature is reduced. .

 F, intake, exhaust methods and valve working methods are diversified. The gas distribution mechanism of the present invention can perform intake and exhaust in four ways, that is, a. All valves are opened for intake and exhaust; b. Some valves are opened for exhaust, and all valves are opened for intake; c. Make all the valves open for exhaust and part of the valves open for intake; d. Make part of the valves open for exhaust and intake (this type of intake and exhaust is the current intake and exhaust of existing internal combustion engines). The valve has three working modes, namely continuous, intermittent and compatible; compared with the single inlet, exhaust and valve working modes of the current internal combustion engine valve mechanism, it can be described as diversified.

 G. The valve opening time is extended. The crankshaft angle corresponding to the valve opening time of the continuously working valve is: γ + 360. + β; The crank angle corresponding to the valve opening time of intermittent operation is between γ + 360 ° + β and γ + 180 ° + β.

流通, intake and exhaust circulation area increased. The intake and exhaust flow area of the current four-valve valve mechanism is increased by about 30% compared to the intake and exhaust flow area of the two-valve valve mechanism. When the single-valve valve mechanism of the present invention uses a single valve, the intake and exhaust gas flow area is increased by about 30%. It can be 100% more than the current intake and exhaust flow area of the valve mechanism with any number of valves (average of the increase in the flow area during intake and exhaust, the same below). It can also be said that the valve mechanism uses a single valve In this case, the intake and exhaust flow area can be as large as the current intake and exhaust flow area generated by any number of valves. When the valve train uses a non-single valve, the intake and exhaust flow area increases by 100% or nearly 100% compared with the current valve intake and exhaust flow area of the same valve valve. The exhaust flow area is 100% larger than the current intake and exhaust flow area of the same valve distribution mechanism. For the purpose of scavenging, when the valve is working in a compatible manner, the intake and exhaust flow area is larger than the current same valve distribution mechanism. The intake and exhaust flow area has increased by nearly (less than) 100%, and the intake and exhaust flow area of the four-valve valve mechanism has only increased by about 30% compared with the intake and exhaust flow area of the two-valve valve mechanism. Based on this calculation, when the valve mechanism of this project also uses the same four-valve, the intake and exhaust flow area is about 260% of the current intake and exhaust flow area of the two-valve valve arrangement.

 Due to the increase of the flow area of intake and exhaust, the fuel of the internal combustion engine is more fully burned. On the one hand, the combustion efficiency of the internal combustion engine is increased, the power of the internal combustion engine is increased, and the energy is saved; on the other hand, the exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine is polluted. Reduction of materials, avoiding or reducing environmental pollution.

 I. The gas distribution phase is shown by the valve and the intake and exhaust valves respectively. No matter how the valve works, the valve can show γ and β, but when the valve works continuously, there is no δ (exhaust retard angle, the same below), α (intake advance angle, the same below) and α + δ (overlap angle, the same applies hereinafter). For the purpose of scavenging, δ and α + δ do not exist when the valve works in a compatible mode. The valve is opened when "negative air pressure is formed in the cylinder", and when "negative air pressure is formed in the air cylinder" is actually α.

 When check valves are used for the inlet and exhaust valves, all the gas distribution phases can be shown, namely o β, γ, δ and α + δ.

J. When the inlet and exhaust valves are non-return valves, the inlet and exhaust valves can automatically adjust the gas distribution phase according to the change of the engine speed. Since the check valve is an automatic valve, it can automatically adjust the opening or closing time under the action of pressure difference. When check valves are used as the intake and exhaust valves, the intake and exhaust valves automatically adjust 0, α, and α + δ under the influence of exhaust gas pressure or negative pressure suction to meet the needs of the internal combustion engine. . L, β and γ decrease. As the intake and exhaust flow areas increase, that is, the intake and exhaust resistance decreases, β and γ decrease.

 As β decreases, a, the working volume of the cylinder is increased, and the charge is increased; b, the compression stroke is increased, and the compression ratio is increased.

 γ is reduced, so that the utilization rate of work of Peng gas is improved.

 Decreasing β and γ both increase the power and performance of the internal combustion engine.

 M. The gas distribution mechanism of the present invention has a gas scavenging function. In the gas distribution mechanism of the present invention, due to the intervention of the air passage and the partition or the partition and the driven partition, all internal combustion engines can perform scavenging, which has the following advantages: a. The exhaust gas in the cylinder is cleanly discharged, and the efficiency is improved. The ignition reliability is improved; b. The valves and valve openings can be cooled to prolong the service life of the internal combustion engine; c. The performance of the internal combustion engine can be brought into full play without wasting fuel and minimizing pollution to the environment.

 N Noise reduction in the valve train. Because the valve opening and closing process of the gas distribution mechanism of the present invention is reduced and / or the time of the opening and closing process is relatively concentrated, the number of impacts generated is absolutely or relatively reduced, so that the noise frequency is reduced and the radiation noise energy is reduced; Intake and exhaust valves are added to the gas distribution mechanism. Because the forces on the intake and exhaust valves are small, the noise is also small, and the noise of the gas distribution mechanism of the present invention is reduced.

 0. From the perspective of valve opening and closing, since the continuously working valve can be continuously opened during the intake and exhaust periods, the "four-stroke" of a four-stroke internal combustion engine becomes a "quasi-three-stroke".

 The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings and embodiments:

 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the gas distribution mechanism of the present invention.

 Figure 1-1 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas distribution mechanism of the present invention.

 Fig. La is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head having two intake and exhaust passages and two valves.

Figure lb is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cylinder head with two intake and exhaust channels and a valve Illustration.

 Figure lc is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cylinder head having one intake and exhaust passage and two valves.

 Fig. Id is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cylinder head having an intake and exhaust passage and a valve.

 Fig. Le is a schematic view showing the structure of a cylinder head without an exhaust valve in the intake and exhaust passage (8).

 Figure If is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the valve and the driven diaphragm.

 Figure lg is a side view of the bulkhead tank.

 Figure lh is a front view of the bulkhead tank.

 Figure li is a bottom view of the partition groove.

 Fig. Lj is a schematic view of the main body of a cylinder head base body with a partition groove.

 Figure lk is a schematic diagram of a non-sweep baffle and a driven baffle.

 FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a partition and a driven partition in a scavenged state.

 Figure lm is a schematic cross-sectional view of a valve stem, a diaphragm, and a driven diaphragm.

 Figure 2a is a schematic structural diagram of a continuous air distribution cam.

 Fig. 2b is a schematic structural diagram of an intermittent air distribution cam.

 Fig. 2c is a schematic structural diagram of another intermittent air distribution cam.

 Figure 2d is a continuous air distribution cam that reduces the height of the corresponding raised part near the top dead center.

 Fig. 2e is an enlarged schematic diagram of a dashed box of the air distribution cam shown in Fig. 2d.

 Figure 3a is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cylinder head with a vertical reciprocating partition.

 Fig. 3b is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cylinder head with a transverse reciprocating diaphragm.

 Fig. 3c is a schematic sectional view of a part of the cylinder head at a dotted line in Fig. 3bX.

 Fig. 3d is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cylinder head with a vertical rotary partition.

 Fig. 3e is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cylinder head with a laterally rotating diaphragm.

Fig. 4a is a schematic view of a cylinder head with a partition in an exhaust state. Fig. 4b is a schematic view of a scavenging state of a cylinder head with a partition.

 Fig. 4c is a schematic view of a cylinder head with a partition plate in an intake state.

Fig. 4d is a schematic view of a cylinder head having a partition and a driven partition in an exhaust state. FIG. 4e is a schematic view of a cylinder head having a partition and a driven partition in a scavenged state. FIG. 4f is a schematic view of a cylinder head having a partition and a driven partition in an intake state. Fig. 5a is a schematic view of a cylinder head in the exhaust state in the first scavenging mode. FIG. 5b is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head in a scavenging state according to a first scavenging method. Fig. 5c is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head in the intake state in the first scavenging implementation mode. FIG. 5d is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head in the exhaust state according to the second scavenging method. FIG. 5e is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head in a scavenging state according to a second scavenging implementation manner. FIG. 5f is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head in a state of air intake according to the second scavenging method. Fig. _5g is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head in the exhaust state of the third scavenging implementation mode. FIG. 5h is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head in a third scavenging mode in a scavenging state. FIG. 5i is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head in a state of air intake according to a third implementation mode of scavenging. FIG. 5j is a schematic view of a cylinder head having a partition and a driven partition in an exhaust state. Fig. 5k is a schematic view of a scavenging state of a cylinder head having a partition and a driven partition. FIG. 51 is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head having a partition and a driven partition in an intake state. Fig. 6a is a schematic view of a cylinder head that provides scavenging air through an intake port in an exhaust state.

 Fig. 6b is a schematic view of a scavenging state of a cylinder head that supplies scavenging gas through an intake port.

 Fig. 6c is a schematic view of a cylinder head supplying scavenging air through an intake port in an intake state.

 Fig. 6d is a schematic view of a cylinder head supplying scavenging air through an air passage in an exhaust state.

FIG. 6e is a schematic diagram of a scavenging state of a cylinder head that provides scavenging air through an air passage. FIG. 6f is a schematic view of a cylinder head that provides scavenging air through an air passage in an intake state.

 FIG. 7a is a schematic diagram of a recovery process of a cylinder head having two intake and exhaust passages. Fig. 7b is a schematic view of a cylinder head having two upper intake and exhaust passages at the end of recovery. Fig. 7c is a schematic diagram of the recovery process of the cylinder head without an exhaust valve in the intake and exhaust passages.

 Fig. 7d is a schematic view of the recovery of the cylinder head in which the exhaust valve is not provided with an exhaust valve.

 FIG. 7e is a schematic diagram of a recovery process of a cylinder head having an intake and exhaust passage. Fig. 7f is a schematic view of a cylinder head having an intake and exhaust passage at the end of recovery. Fig. 8a is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head having two intake and exhaust passages and two valves in an exhaust state.

 Figure 8b is a schematic diagram of the state of a cylinder head with two intake and exhaust passages and two valves before scavenging.

 Fig. 8c is a schematic diagram of a scavenging state of a cylinder head having two intake and exhaust passages and two valves.

 Fig. 8d is a schematic view of a cylinder head having two intake and exhaust passages and two valves in an intake state.

 Fig. 8e is a schematic view of a cylinder head having two intake and exhaust passages and two valves in a recovered state.

 Figure 8f is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head with two intake and exhaust passages and two valves at the end of recovery.

 Fig. 9a is a schematic view of a cylinder head having two intake and exhaust passages and one valve in an exhaust state.

 Figure 9b is a schematic diagram of the state of a cylinder head with two intake and exhaust passages and one valve before scavenging.

Figure 9c is a scavenging state of a cylinder head with two intake and exhaust channels and a valve Schematic.

 Fig. 9d is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head having two intake and exhaust passages and one valve in an intake state.

 Fig. 9e is a schematic view of a cylinder head having two intake and exhaust passages and one valve in a recovered state.

 Figure 9f is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head with two intake and exhaust passages and one valve at the end of recovery.

 Fig. 10a is a schematic view of a gas cap having one intake and exhaust passage and two valves in an exhaust state.

 Figure 10b is a schematic diagram of the state of the air cap with one intake and exhaust passage and two valves before scavenging.

 Fig. 10c is a schematic view of a gas cap with one intake and exhaust passage and two valves in a scavenging state.

 Fig. 10d is a schematic diagram of a gas cap with one intake and exhaust passage and two valves in the intake state.

 Fig. 10e is a schematic view of a gas cap having one intake and exhaust passage and two valves in a recovered state.

 Fig. 10f is a schematic view showing the state of a gas cap having one intake and exhaust passage and two valves at the end of recovery.

 Fig. 11a is a schematic view of a cylinder head having an intake and exhaust passage and a valve in an exhaust state.

 Figure lib is a schematic diagram of the state of the cylinder head with an intake and exhaust passage and a valve before scavenging.

 Fig. 11c is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head having an intake and exhaust passage and a valve in a scavenging state.

Figure lid is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head with an intake and exhaust passage and a valve in the intake state. FIG. Lie is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head having an intake and exhaust passage and a valve in a recovered state.

 Fig. 11f is a schematic view of a cylinder head having an intake and exhaust passage and a valve at the end of recovery.

 Figure 12a is a schematic diagram of the exhaust state of the cylinder head without an exhaust valve in the intake and exhaust passage (8).

 Figure 12b is a schematic view of the scavenging state of the cylinder head without an exhaust valve in the intake and exhaust passage (8).

 Fig. 12c is a schematic diagram of the intake state of the cylinder head without an exhaust valve in the intake and exhaust passage (8).

 Fig. 12d is a schematic view of the recovered state of the cylinder head without an exhaust valve in the intake and exhaust passage (8).

 Fig. 12e is a schematic view of a state where the cylinder head without an exhaust valve in the intake / exhaust passage (8) is recovered.

detailed description

 In the picture, 1. air passage, 2. air valve (cut-off valve), 3. air valve (check valve), 4. air inlet, 5. collecting valve, 6. valve port, 7. air inlet valve, 8. Intake and exhaust passage, 9. Valve or intake valve, 10. Exhaust valve, 11. Intake valve, 12. Valve or exhaust valve, 13. Intake and exhaust passage, 14. Exhaust valve, 15. Set Exhaust valve, 16. Valve port, 17. Exhaust duct, 18. Recovery valve (check valve), 19. Recovery valve (cut-off valve), 20. Recovery channel, 21. Driven partition, 22. Intake channel , 23. Exhaust passage, 24. Bulkhead or baffle and driven baffle, 25. Bulkhead groove, 26. Raised portion, 27. Raised portion, 28. Valve stem, 29. Gas distribution cam, 30 . Piston, 31. Cylinder, 32. Cylinder head.

 The following examples illustrate the invention:

 A. The present invention will be described by taking the action of the components in the cylinder head corresponding to one cylinder as an example;

B. When using more than one valve in the cylinder head, use two valves as an example. When using more than one intake and exhaust passage in the cylinder head, take two intake and exhaust passages as an example to explain; when using more than two valves in the cylinder head, one valve represents part of the valve, and the other represents The remaining parts of the valve describe the present invention; when more than two intake and exhaust passages are used in the cylinder head, one intake and exhaust passage represents part of the intake and exhaust passages, and the other intake and exhaust passage represents the rest of the intake and exhaust passages. Channel to explain the invention;

 C. The structure of the cylinder head and the working process of the gas distribution mechanism appear in the form of a confluence (all meanings), and should be selected and / or selected according to actual needs during the specific implementation; for convenience of description, the present invention will be directed to the cylinder The internal combustion engine that injects fuel is called a diesel engine, and the internal combustion engine that sucks fuel through an intake port is called a gasoline engine; unless otherwise specified, the description of the present invention takes a gasoline engine as an example.

 Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 1-1 (illustrated with a cylinder head with two valves and one intake and exhaust passage).

 The position of the gas distribution mechanism in the internal combustion engine of the present invention does not change due to technological improvements, and the cylinder head (32) is still installed at the top dead center end of the piston (30) of the cylinder (31).

 The following describes its working principle in the form of air flow paths:

During exhaust, the exhaust gas is first discharged into the exhaust passage (8) from the valve opening (6) and the valve opening (16), and then exhausted through the exhaust passage (17). During the scavenging, the air passes through the air passage (1) into the The air passage (22) enters the cylinder (31), and then the exhaust gas is exhausted from the exhaust passage (23) through the exhaust passage (17) for scavenging; when the air is taken in, the gas enters the inlet from the intake passage (4) first. Exhaust channel (8), and then valve (9) and valve (12) enter cylinder (31); When recovering, after the valve (9) and valve (12) are closed, air enters into the exhaust channel from air channel (1) The air passage (8), along with the fuel in it, enters the intake system of the internal combustion engine through the recovery passage (20). The specific intake and exhaust processes are shown in Figure 8-12. The invention improves the structure of the cylinder head (32) and the valve Way of working. Changes in the valve working method ^ The profile of the air cam (29) has changed. The structure and profile of the air distribution cam (29) are shown in Figures 1 and 2, respectively.

 Two cylinder inlet and exhaust passages are used in the cylinder head shown in Figs. La and lb.

 The lower layer is the valve (9) and the valve (12) or the valve (9). Among them, the valve (9) and the valve (12) are used in the cylinder head shown in Fig. La, and only the valve is used in the cylinder head shown in Fig. Lb.

(9) Sealing the compression process and the work process of the compression stroke of the internal combustion engine;

 The middle layer is the intake / exhaust channel (8), the intake / exhaust channel (13), the air channel (1), the recovery channel (20), and the driven partition (21), which is only possible when a valve is used in the cylinder head. Use a driven bulkhead (21).

 The intake and exhaust channels (8 and 13) are common channels for intake and exhaust, and the valve ports (6) and (16) are ports on the cylinder end of the intake and exhaust channels (8 and 13); the air channel (1) can be connected to the intake and exhaust channels. The exhaust passage (8) communicates with each other, and air valves (2 and 3) are provided in the air passage (1) [the air valve (2) is a shut-off valve, and the air valve (3) is a return valve] to control the air passage (1) ), The air channel (1) is opened during the scavenging and recovery (that is, recovering the fuel in the intake and exhaust channels (8 and 13) and the following intake and exhaust channels (8), the same below), to allow air to pass through, The rest of the time is closed; the recovery channel (20) can communicate with the intake and exhaust channels (13), the recovery channel (20) is provided with recovery valves (18 and 19) [return valve (18), stop valve, recovery valve (19) Is a shut-off valve] for controlling the opening and closing of the recovery passage (20).

 Before the end of the intake air and the exhaust of the next working cycle, the air valve (2 and 3) and the recovery valve (18 and 19) open the air passage (1) and the recovery passage (20), respectively, so that the intake and exhaust passages ( The fuel in 8 and 13) enters the air intake system of the internal combustion engine through the recovery passage (20) with the air entering the air passage (1), and then enters the cylinder with the gas of the air intake system for combustion, thereby avoiding waste of fuel and environmental impact. Pollution;

During scavenging, in order not to let the air entering into the intake / exhaust passage (8) be directly discharged from the intake / exhaust passage (13), the cylinder head shown in FIG. 1b is provided with a driven partition (21), and the driven partition (21) It slides up and down with the opening and closing of the valve (9), and fits with the partition groove (25) (shown in Fig. 1g) in a sliding manner to prevent the air entering the exhaust passage (8) from entering directly. Exhaust channel (13) Evacuation ensures the scavenging effect. -An air valve can be set in the air channel (1) and the recovery channel (20), that is, the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) are used to control the opening and closing of the channel (1) and the recovery channel (20). More complex actuators accurately control the opening and closing moments of gas valves. In order to adapt to the change of the working conditions of the internal combustion engine, an air valve (2 or 3) and a recovery valve (18 or 19) may be respectively provided in the air passage (1) and the recovery passage (20), so that the air passage (1) and the recovery passage (20) On-off control is simplified.

 In specific implementation, the air valve at the end of the inlet and exhaust passages, that is, the inner valve is selected as a non-return valve, such as the air valve (3) and the recovery valve (18), and the subsequent air valve, that is, the outer valve is selected to be cut off. Valves such as air valve (2) and recovery valve (19). The shut-off valve (2) provided in the air passage (1) is closed, scavenged and recovered during the intake (that is, the fuel in the exhaust passage (8 and / or 13) is recovered, the same applies hereinafter) and opened at the rest of the time. The specific scavenging and recovery time [on and off time of the air passage (1)] is automatically controlled by the check valve (3) under the action of gas pressure (or pressure difference); the cut-off valve (20) in the recovery passage (20) 19) Closed during exhaust, open during recovery, the rest of the time is arbitrary, the specific recovery time [on and off time of the recovery channel (20)] is automatically controlled by the check valve (18) under the action of gas pressure (or pressure difference) In this way, the control operation process for turning on and off the air passage (1) and the recovery passage (20) is reduced, and the operating conditions of the internal combustion engine are automatically adapted.

 For convenience of description, the present invention will be described below by taking only the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) provided in the air passage (1) and the recovery passage (20) as an example.

The upper layer is a collection valve (5) and a collection and discharge valve (15), an intake valve (7) and an intake valve (11), an exhaust valve (10) and an exhaust valve (14), and an intake port (4) And exhaust duct (17). The air intake passage (4) and the intake and exhaust passages (13) respectively control the intake process of the corresponding intake and exhaust passages; the exhaust valve (10) and the exhaust valve (14) are respectively located between the exhaust passages (17) and the inlet and exhaust channels (8) and between the exhaust channels (17) and the inlet and exhaust channels (13), and respectively control the exhaust process of the corresponding inlet and exhaust channels; the collecting valve (5) is A type of intake valve, installed in the intake The channel (4) and the intake and exhaust channels (8) and the intake and exhaust channels (13) can centrally control the intake process of the intake and exhaust channels (8) and the intake and exhaust channels (13); (15) is a type of exhaust valve, which is located between the exhaust duct (17) and the intake and exhaust passages (8) and the intake and exhaust passages (13), and can centrally control the intake and exhaust passages (8) and The exhaust process of the intake and exhaust channels (13); before the intake, the intake valve (11) must be closed, so it should be selected as a shut-off valve.

 The cylinder head shown in Figure lc and Figure Id (only one valve (9) is used in the cylinder head shown in Figure Id) is similar to the structure of the cylinder head shown in Figure la and Figure lb, because only one intake and exhaust are used Channel (8), so there is no collecting valve (5), collecting and discharging valve (15), intake valve (11) and exhaust valve (10) provided in the cylinder head shown in Figure la and Figure lb; air The channel (1) communicates with the left side of the intake and exhaust channels. The channel (8) communicates with the recovery channel (20) and the right side of the intake and exhaust channels (S); for the purpose of scavenging, the cylinder head shown in Figure lc A baffle (24) is provided in the intake and exhaust passage (8), and a baffle (24) and a driven baffle (21) are provided in the intake and exhaust passage (8) of the cylinder head shown in FIG.

 The schematic diagram of the valve, driven diaphragm and diaphragm groove shown in Figure If-lm is an explanation of the valve, diaphragm and driven diaphragm in the cylinder head shown in Figure lb-Id. Among them, if If lj is shown in FIG. 1b is a description of the driven bulkhead in the cylinder head shown in FIG. Lb, and Figure lk-lm is shown to illustrate the partition and driven bulkhead in the cylinder head shown in FIG. Id.

 Figure If shows the front view of the valve (9) and the driven diaphragm (21) in the cylinder head shown in Figure lb (1/2 is cut away), and the section of the cylinder head at the dotted line X is shown in Figure lg: The driven P plate (21) moves up and down in the diaphragm groove (25) as the valve (9) opens and closes. Figure lh shows the valve (9), the diaphragm groove (25) and the driven diaphragm. (21) A front view of a section of a cylinder head section; a cross section of a section of the cylinder head at the dotted line Y is shown in FIG. Li: The hollow section is used for the reciprocating movement of the valve (9), and the convex portions on both sides are partition grooves ( 25), Fig. Lj is a cross-sectional view of the cylinder head in the dashed box of X in the cylinder head shown in Fig. Lb. The hollow part is like a cone for the reciprocating operation of the valve (9), and two convex parts on both sides For the partition groove (25);

Figure lk shows the valve stem (28) and bulkhead (24) of the valve (9) in the cylinder head shown in Figure Id. The front view of the non-sweeping state of the driven diaphragm and the driven diaphragm (21) is shown in Fig. 4d below. Fig. 11 is a valve rod (28) of a valve (9) in the cylinder head shown in Fig. Id. Front view of the baffle plate (24) and driven baffle plate (21) in the scavenging state. The working state is shown in Figure 4e below. Figure lm shows the valve stem (28), baffle plate (24), and driven plate. The cross section at the dashed line of the partition plate (21) X (for ease of observation, the middle and outer layers are cut off on the left), the middle layer is the driven partition plate (21), which is located between the inner valve stem (28) and the outer layer Between the partitions (24).

 During implementation, the internal components of the cylinder head can be selected and selected according to specific needs.

 For example, when the internal combustion engine is a diesel engine, the air passage (1) and the recovery passage (20) may not be provided. If the internal combustion engine is a gasoline engine, if the fuel in the intake and exhaust passages (8 or 8 and 13) is not recovered, the recovery passage may not be provided. (20); In order to facilitate scavenging, there is no exhaust valve (10) in the intake and exhaust passage (8) in the cylinder head shown in FIG. Channel (8) has only air intake function.

 When the air passage (1) and the recovery passage (20) are not provided in the cylinder head, the exhaust valve (14) can be used as a check valve; when the air passage (1) and the recovery passage (20) are provided in the cylinder head, the intake control is controlled. The exhaust valve should be selected as a shut-off valve. For example, before using the exhaust valve (10) installed in the intake and exhaust passage (8) to prevent exhaust gas from being exhausted, the exhaust valve (10) Should be selected as a shut-off valve.

 There are two ways to open and close the valve. One is to drive the valve to open and close with a cam; the other is to drive the valve to open and close electromagnetically (that is, the valve is driven by electromagnetic valve drive (referred to as EVA)). For opening and closing, it does not require a gas distribution cam and corresponding components].

 The first type of drive cam is described below.

When the gear ratio of the timing gear of the valve cam and the timing gear of the crankshaft is 2: 1, the valve cam that drives the valve to work continuously has a convex portion, and the cam rotation angle corresponding to the convex portion is: 180. + ε (For ease of description, the inventor defines ε as the gear ratio of the timing gear of the cam and the timing gear of the crankshaft is 2: 1, γ + β The corresponding cam angle is the same below). Small protrusions are cut on the basis of the convex part of the drive valve that operates continuously, corresponding to the opening and closing process of the valve, which is used to drive the valve to work intermittently; a valve cam that drives the valve to work continuously Combined with an air distribution cam that drives the valve to work intermittently to drive the valve to work in a compatible manner.

 When the gear ratio of the timing gear of the valve cam and the timing gear of the crankshaft is 4: 1, the valve cam that drives the valve to work continuously has two convex portions, and the cam angle corresponding to each convex portion Is: 90 ° + ζ (for the convenience of description, the inventor defines ζ as the gear cam rotation timing angle between the timing gear of the cam and the crankshaft timing gear is 4: 1, the angle of the cam corresponding to γ + β ). Small protrusions are cut on the basis of the convex part of the drive valve that operates continuously, corresponding to the opening and closing process of the valve, which is used to drive the valve to work intermittently; a valve cam that drives the valve to work continuously Combined with an air distribution cam that drives the valve to work intermittently to drive the valve to work in a compatible manner.

 By analogy, when the gear ratio of the timing gear of the air distribution cam to the timing gear of the crankshaft is n: 1 (η is a positive integer multiple of 2), as a continuous cam based on an intermittent cam, there is η / 2 Cam parts, each cam part corresponds to a cam rotation angle: (γ + 360 ° + β) / η.

 Figures 2a-2c are schematic diagrams of the profile of an air distribution cam when the gear ratio of the timing gear of the air distribution cam and the timing gear of the crankshaft is 2: 1. The air distribution cam of the present invention is described by taking this as an example.

 Figure 2a shows a continuous cam with a convex portion (26), and the cam rotation angle corresponding to the convex portion is <χ = 180 ° + ε. Based on the convex portion of the cam, small protrusions are cut. The part (26) and the small raised part (27) correspond to the opening and closing process of the valve, and are used to drive the valve to work intermittently. The intermittent cam is shown in Figure 2b. Figure 2c shows another discontinuous cam. The convex part of the continuous cam is formed by cutting a small convex part (26), which is used to drive the valve to work intermittently.

The continuous cam shown in Figure 2a (counterclockwise rotation, the same below) and the intermittent cam shown in Figure 2b or 2c (counterclockwise rotation, the same below) respectively Close, explaining the working process of the drive valve to work in a compatible manner.

 The continuous cam shown in FIG. 2a is combined with the intermittent cam shown in FIG. 2b. The working process of the valve is: Both the continuous cam and the intermittent cam enter the working section (26) (the lift into the convex part increases) The large section is called the entering working section, the same below), all the valves are opened, and the exhaust starts. When the exhaust gas exhaustion is nearing the end, the working section (26) of the discontinuous cam exits (that is, the lift reduction section of the convex portion exits) and enters the intersection of the convex portion (26) and the convex portion (27). The intermittently working valve is closed; the exhaust gas is discharged from the valve opening of the continuously working valve. Under the action of exhaust gas inertia, when the negative pressure is formed in the cylinder, the convex portion (27) of the intermittent cam enters In the working section, an intermittently working valve is opened, and air is entered from the valve opening to perform scavenging. To the end of the air intake in the next working cycle, the working section (26) of the continuous cam and the intermittent cam is withdrawn (the lifting of the raised part withdrawing from the section is called the working section withdrawing, the same below) withdrawing to continue The valves for closed and intermittent operation are closed.

 The continuous cam shown in Fig. 2a is combined with the intermittent cam shown in Fig. 2c. The working process of the valve is as follows: The continuous cam enters the working section (26), and the continuous working valve is opened, and the exhaust starts. Exhaust gas is exhausted through the valve opening of a continuously operating valve. When negative pressure is formed in the cylinder under the exhaust gas inertia, the convex portion (26) of the intermittent cam enters the work, and the intermittently operating valve opens. Into the air from its valve door, scavenging. By the end of the intake of the next working cycle, the working section (26) of the continuous cam and intermittent cam is withdrawn, and the continuous and intermittent working valves are closed.

In order to prevent the continuously working valve from colliding with the piston, the height of the convex portion of the continuous cam corresponding to the piston near the top dead center is appropriately reduced. The solid line shows the profile of the raised portion (26) after the height is reduced, and the dashed line shows the profile of the raised portion (27) before the height is reduced, that is, the original profile of the convex portion (27); It is understood that the content in the dashed box is enlarged, as shown in FIG. 2e. For the purpose of scavenging, when there is an intake and exhaust passage in the cylinder head, a baffle is provided in the intake and exhaust passage, and when there is a valve in the cylinder head, a driven baffle is provided in the intake and exhaust passage. When there is an intake and exhaust passage and a valve, a partition and a driven partition are provided in the intake and exhaust passage.

 The baffle has two types of reciprocating and rotating according to its running form. Reciprocating baffles are divided into vertical reciprocating type and horizontal reciprocating type according to their running directions. The reciprocating partition (24) running in the up-down direction is called a vertical reciprocating partition, as shown in Figure 3a; the reciprocating partition (24) running in the left-right or front-rear direction is called a horizontal reciprocating partition, As shown in Fig. 3b; Fig. 3c is a cut surface of a part of the cylinder head at the X-dotted line shown in Fig. 3b, wherein the horizontally reciprocating baffle (24) can reciprocate in a left-right direction on one side of the intake and exhaust passage (β) This is used to separate the intake and exhaust channels (8).

 Rotary partitions generally have no restriction on the direction of rotation, and the specific rotation angle depends on the shape of the intake and exhaust channels. Rotary partitions are divided into vertical and horizontal rotary types according to the direction of their rotation axis. The rotation axis of the vertical rotary partition (24) is up and down, and its structure is shown in Fig. 3d. The rotation axis of the horizontal rotary partition (24) is left and right, or front and back, and its structure i is shown in Fig. 3e.

 According to the classification of the above-mentioned partition plates, the "partition plate and the driven partition plate" only have a vertical rotation type, and the structure thereof is shown in Figs. Id and lk-lm. The baffle in the "baffle and driven baffle" can only be rotated with its axis as the center, and the driven baffle must be rotated with the baffle along with its axis as the center, and it must be closely matched with the baffle. (To ensure complete isolation of the intake and exhaust passages) up and down reciprocating movement with the opening and closing of the valve.

 In the following, the working processes of the partitions and "partitions and driven partitions" will be described by taking the working processes of horizontally rotating partitions and "partitions and driven partitions" as examples.

 The working process of the partition is shown in Figures 4a-4c.

 As shown in Figure 4a: the exhaust gas is discharged through the intake and exhaust channels (8);

'As shown in Figure 4b: Before scavenging, in order to scavenge, the partition (24) is rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow to separate the intake and exhaust channels (8) into the intake channels (22) and the intake and exhaust channels (23). ,Make The exhaust gas is discharged through the intake and exhaust channels (23), and the air enters the cylinder through the intake channels (22) for scavenging;

 As shown in Figure 4c: After the scavenging is completed, the partition plate (24) is rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow to restore the intake passage (22) and the intake and exhaust passages (23) to the intake and exhaust passages (8).

 The working process of the "baffle and driven baffle" is shown in Figures 4d-4f (Figures 4d-4f show the cross section of the cylinder head).

 As shown in Figure 4d: the exhaust gas is discharged through the intake and exhaust channels (8);

 As shown in Figure 4e: Before scavenging, in order to scavenge, "the partition (24) and the driven partition (21)" are rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow to separate the intake and exhaust channels (8) into the intake channels ( 22) and the intake / exhaust channel (23), so that the exhaust gas is discharged through the intake / exhaust channel (23), and the air enters the cylinder through the intake channel (22) for scavenging;

 As shown in Figure 4f: After the scavenging process, "the partition (24) and the driven partition (21), the intake passage (22) and the intake and exhaust passage (23) are restored to the intake and exhaust passage (8) by rotating .

 The scavenging process has the following types: (take diesel engine as an example)

 A. When there are two intake and exhaust passages in the cylinder head, the scavenging gas enters the cylinder from one intake and exhaust passage, and then is discharged along with the exhaust gas through the other intake and exhaust passage to perform scavenging. There are three implementation methods. :

 The use of a valve to close the intake and exhaust channels that provide scavenging gas, so that the exhaust gas is exhausted through the intake and exhaust channels that exhaust gas during scavenging, is the first implementation, as shown in Figures 5a-5c.

 As shown in FIG. 5a: Before scavenging, in order to scavenge, the valve (9) closes the intake and exhaust passage (8) that provides the scavenging gas, so that the exhaust gas passes through the intake and exhaust passage that discharges the gas ( 13) Discharge.

As shown in Figure 5b: Under the effect of exhaust gas inertia, when a negative pressure is formed in the cylinder, the valve (9) opens the intake and exhaust passage (8); the intake valve (7) opens, and the scavenging air passes through the intake The exhaust channel (8) enters the cylinder, and is discharged along with the exhaust gas through the intake / exhaust channel (13) for scavenging. As shown in FIG. 5c: After the scavenging is completed, the exhaust valve (14) is closed, the intake valve (11) is opened, and the internal combustion engine enters an intake state.

 The second implementation method is to close the exhaust valve provided in the intake and exhaust channels that provide the scavenging gas, so that the exhaust gas is discharged through the intake and exhaust channels of the exhaust gas during the scavenging, as shown in Figures 5d to 5f.

 As shown in Fig. 5d: The exhaust valve (10) provided in the intake / exhaust passage (8) for providing scavenging gas is closed, so that the exhaust gas is exhausted through the intake / exhaust passage (13) of the exhaust gas during the scavenging.

 As shown in Figure 5e: Under the exhaust gas inertia, when a negative pressure is formed in the cylinder, the intake valve (7) is opened, the air enters the cylinder through the intake and exhaust passage (8), and then the exhaust gas is discharged along with the exhaust gas when it passes through the scavenging air. The inlet and exhaust channels (13) are exhausted to perform scavenging.

 As shown in Figure 5f: After the scavenging is completed, the exhaust valve (14) is closed, the intake valve (11) is opened, and the internal combustion engine enters the intake state.

 An exhaust valve is not provided in the intake and exhaust channels that provide scavenging gas, so that the exhaust gas is discharged through the intake and exhaust channels of the exhaust gas during scavenging, which is the third way of implementation, as shown in Figures 5g-5i.

 As shown in Figure 5g: There is no exhaust valve in the intake and exhaust channels (8) that provide scavenging gas, and the exhaust gas is discharged from the intake and exhaust channels (13) when the exhaust gas is exhausted from the beginning of the exhaust gas.

 As shown in Figure 5h: When the negative pressure of the exhaust gas is formed in the cylinder under the inertia of exhaust gas exhaust, the intake valve (7) is opened, the air enters the cylinder through the intake and exhaust passage (8), and the exhaust gas is discharged along with the exhaust gas when it passes through the scavenging air. The inlet and exhaust channels (8) are exhausted and scavenged.

 As shown in Figure 5i: After the scavenging is completed, the exhaust valve (14) is closed, the intake valve (11) is opened, and the internal combustion engine enters the intake state.

B. When there is an intake and exhaust passage in the cylinder head, before scavenging, in order to scavenge, the partition or "separator and driven partition" divides the intake and exhaust passage into the intake and exhaust channels. The scavenging air is entered from the intake channel, and then exhausted through the intake and exhaust channels along with the exhaust gas to perform scavenging. The implementation method using partitions is shown in the above-mentioned Figures 4a-4c; Figures 5j-51 show the implementation method using "separator and driven partition".

 Figure 5j shows: before scavenging, for the purpose of scavenging, "the partition (24) and the driven partition (21)" divide the intake and exhaust channels (8) into the intake channels (22) and the intake and exhaust channels ( 23), so that the exhaust gas is discharged through the inlet and exhaust channel (23).

 As shown in Figure 5k: When the negative pressure of the exhaust gas is formed in the cylinder under the inertia of exhaust gas discharge, the intake valve (7) is opened, the air enters the cylinder through the intake channel (22), and is discharged along with the exhaust gas through the intake channel (23). Perform a scavenging.

 As shown in Figure 51: After the scavenging is completed, the "baffle (24) and driven baffle (21)" restore the intake passage (22) and the intake and exhaust passage (23) to the intake and exhaust passage (8); exhaust The valve (14) is closed and the internal combustion engine enters the intake state.

 During scavenging, the diesel engine provides scavenging gas through the intake duct, while the gasoline engine provides scavenging gas through a special air passage.

 (The following uses a cylinder head with one intake and exhaust passage and two valves as an example to explain the source of scavenging gas.)

 The scavenging process of the diesel engine is shown in Figures 6a-6c.

 Figure 6a: Before scavenging, in order to scavenge, the partition (24) divides the intake and exhaust channels (8) into an intake channel (22) and an intake and exhaust channel (23), so that the exhaust gas passes through the intake and exhaust channels ( 23) Drain.

 As shown in Figure 6b: Under the inertia of exhaust gas discharge, when a negative pressure is formed in the cylinder, the intake valve (7) is opened, the air enters the cylinder through the intake channel (22), and is discharged along with the exhaust gas through the intake channel (23). Perform a scavenging.

 As shown in Figure 6c: After the scavenging is completed, the partition (24) restores the intake passage (22) and the intake and exhaust passage (23) to the intake and exhaust passage (8); the exhaust valve (14) is closed, and the internal combustion engine enters the intake air. status.

 The scavenging process of the gasoline engine is shown in Figures 6d-6f.

Figure 6d: Before scavenging, in order to scavenge, the partition (24) divides the intake and exhaust channels (8) into the intake channel (22) and the intake and exhaust channels (23), so that the exhaust gas passes through the intake and exhaust channels ( 23) Row Out.

 As shown in Figure 6e: Under the inertia of exhaust gas exhaust, when the air pressure in the cylinder is negative, the air valve (2) is opened, the air enters the cylinder from the air passage (1) through the intake passage (22), and then the exhaust gas passes through the intake and exhaust passages. (23) Evacuation and scavenging.

 As shown in Figure 6f: the end of the scavenging, the air valve (2) is closed, the partition (24) restores the intake passage (22) and the intake and exhaust passage (23) to the intake and exhaust passage (8); the exhaust valve (14 ) Is turned off and the internal combustion engine enters the intake state.

 When the inlet and exhaust valves return to the valve to recover the fuel in the exhaust channel, the gas pressure in the air channel is higher than the gas pressure in the recovery channel. Under the action of the gas pressure, the exhaust valve will open; the gas in the air channel The pressure is lower than the gas pressure of the recovery channel. Under the effect of the gas pressure, the intake valve will open. Therefore, the inlet and exhaust valves should be selected as shut-off valves so that the inlet and exhaust channels become a sealed space for recycling. The recovery process is performed with the valves and intake and exhaust ducts closed before the end of the intake air and the exhaust of the next working cycle.

 The recovery process of a cylinder head with two intake and exhaust channels is shown in Figures 7a-7b. As shown in Figure 7a: After the air intake is completed, the valve (9), the valve (12) and the collecting valve (5) are closed, the air valve (2), the recovery valve (19) and the exhaust valve (10) are opened, The valve (11) has been opened at the time of intake, and the collecting and discharging valve (15) has been closed at the end of exhaust.] The air enters the intake / exhaust channel (8) from the air channel (1), and the intake / exhaust channel (8) and The fuel in the intake and exhaust passage (13) enters the intake system of the internal combustion engine through the recovery passage (20);

 As shown in Figure 7b: At the end of the recovery, the air valve (2), the recovery valve (19), and the intake valve (11) are closed, and the exhaust valve (10) is still open for exhausting the next working cycle.

 When no exhaust valve is provided in the air intake and exhaust passage (8) communicating with the air passage (1), the shape of the air passage (1) should be treated to recover the air from the air intake and exhaust passage when recycling is implemented. (8) It is better to discharge and then enter the intake and exhaust passage (13), otherwise the fuel recovery in the intake and exhaust passage (8) is incomplete. The recovery process is shown in Figures 7c-7d.

As shown in Figure 7c: After the air intake is completed, the valve (9), the valve (12) and the collecting valve (5) are closed. The air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) are opened, [the intake valve (11) is opened during the intake, and the exhaust valve (14) is closed at the end of the exhaust] The air enters from the air passage (1) and enters with it. The fuel in the exhaust passage (13) enters the intake system of the internal combustion engine through the recovery passage (20);

 As shown in Figure 7d: At the end of recovery, the air valve (2), recovery valve (19), and intake valve (11) are closed in preparation for the exhaust of the next working cycle.

 The recovery process of a cylinder head with an intake and exhaust passage is shown in Figures 7e-7f. Figure 7e shows: At the end of the air intake, the valve (9), the valve (12) and the intake valve (7) are closed, the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) are opened, and air enters from the air passage (1). The fuel in the intake and exhaust passage (8) enters the intake system of the internal combustion engine through the recovery passage (20); as shown in FIG. 7f: after the recovery is completed, the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) are closed.

 In the following, the intake and exhaust processes of five types of cylinder heads are taken as examples to describe the valve distributing mechanism of the present invention, which greatly reduces the intake and exhaust resistance.

 The cylinder head shown in Figs. 8a-8f has two intake and exhaust passages (8 and 13) and two valves (9 and 12), a collecting valve (5), an intake valve (11), and a collecting valve ( 15), the exhaust valve (10), the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) are all shut-off valves.

 Figure 8a: Valve (9), valve (12) and exhaust valve (14) are opened [exhaust valve (10) has been opened at the end of the recovery of the previous working cycle], [intake valve (7) , The intake valve (11), the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) are closed] the exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust passage (17) through the intake and exhaust passage (8) and the intake and exhaust passage (13);

 As shown in Figure 8b: The exhaust valve (10) is closed, so that the exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust passage (17) through the intake and exhaust passage (13).

 As shown in Figure 8c: Under the inertia of exhaust gas discharge, when a negative pressure is formed in the cylinder, the air valve (2) is opened, and air enters the cylinder from the air passage (1) through the intake and exhaust passage (8), and then enters and discharges with the exhaust gas. The air passage (13) is exhausted through the exhaust passage (17) to perform scavenging.

As shown in Figure 8d: After the scavenging is completed, the collecting and exhaust valve (15) and the air valve (2) are closed, the collecting valve (5) and the intake valve (11) are opened, and the gas enters and exhausts from the inlet (4) The passage (8) and the intake and exhaust passages (13) enter the cylinder, and the internal combustion engine enters an intake state. As shown in Figure 8e: After the air intake is completed, the valve (9), the valve (12) and the collecting valve (5) are closed, the exhaust valve (10), the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) are opened, and air is removed from the air The passage (1) enters, and the fuel in the intake and exhaust passage (8) and the intake and exhaust passage (13) enters the intake system of the internal combustion engine through the recovery passage (20);

 As shown in Figure 8f: At the end of recovery, the intake valve (11), air valve (2) and recovery valve (19) are closed.

 The cylinder head shown in Figures 9a-9f has two intake and exhaust channels (8 and 13) and a valve (9). The valve (9) is equipped with a driven baffle (21) and a collection valve (5). And the inlet valve (11), the manifold valve (15), the exhaust valve (10), the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) are all shut-off valves.

 As shown in Figure 9a: The valve (9) and the manifold valve (15) are opened [the exhaust valve (10) has been opened at the end of the recovery of the previous working cycle], and the driven diaphragm (21) follows the valve (9) Open and move downward, [collection valve (5), intake valve (11), air valve (2) and recovery valve (19) are closed]] The exhaust gas passes through the intake and exhaust channels (8) and the intake and exhaust channels (13) Exhaust through exhaust duct (17);

 As shown in Figure 9b: The exhaust valve (10) is closed, so that the exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust passage (17) through the intake and exhaust passage (13).

 As shown in Figure 9c: When negative pressure is formed in the cylinder under the inertia of exhaust gas discharge, the air valve (2) opens, and air enters the cylinder from the air passage (1) through the intake and exhaust passages (8), and then enters and discharges with the exhaust gas. The air channel (13) is exhausted through the exhaust channel (17) for scavenging; as shown in Figure 9d: the scavenging is completed, the collecting and exhaust valve (15) and the air valve (2) are closed, the collecting valve (5) and the intake air The valve (11) is opened, and the gas enters the cylinder from the intake port (4) through the intake and exhaust passages (8) and the intake and exhaust passages (13), and the internal combustion engine enters an intake state;

 As shown in Figure 9e: After the air intake is completed, the valve (9) and the collecting valve (5) are closed, the driven diaphragm (21) moves upward with the closing of the valve (9), and the exhaust valve (10) and the air valve ( 2) and the recovery valve (19) are opened, air enters from the air passage (1), and the fuel in the intake and exhaust passage (8) and the intake and exhaust passage (13) enters the intake system of the internal combustion engine through the recovery passage (20) ;

As shown in Figure 9f: At the end of recovery, the intake valve (11), air valve (2) and recovery valve (19) are closed Closed.

 The cylinder head shown in Figs. 10a-10f has one intake and exhaust passage and two valves (9 and 12), and a partition (24), an intake valve (7) and an exhaust valve ( 14) Both the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) are shut-off valves.

 Figure 10a: The valve (9), the valve (12) and the exhaust valve (14) are open, [the intake valve (7), the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) are closed]. The passage (8) is discharged through the exhaust duct (17);

 Figure 10b shows: before scavenging, in order to scavenge, the partition (24) divides the intake and exhaust passages (17) into an intake passage (22) and an exhaust passage (23), so that the exhaust gas passes through the exhaust passage ( 23) discharged through the exhaust duct (17);

 As shown in Figure 10c: Under the inertia of exhaust gas discharge, when a negative pressure is formed in the cylinder, the air valve (2) opens, and air enters the cylinder from the air passage (1) through the intake passage (22), and then the exhaust gas passes through the exhaust passage. (23) It is discharged through the exhaust duct (17), and scavenging is performed.

 As shown in Figure 10d: After the scavenging is completed, the partition (24) restores the intake passage (22) and the exhaust passage (23) to the intake and exhaust passages (17), the exhaust valve (14) and the air valve (2) The intake valve (7) is closed, the gas enters the cylinder from the intake port (4) through the intake and exhaust passages (8), and the internal combustion engine enters the intake state.

 As shown in Fig. 10e: After the intake is completed, the valve (9), the valve (12) and the intake valve (7) are closed, the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) are opened, and air enters from the air passage (1). The fuel in the intake and exhaust passage (8) enters the intake system of the internal combustion engine through the recovery passage (20); as shown in Figure 10f: after the recovery is completed, the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) are closed.

 The cylinder head shown in Figs. 11a-11f has an intake and exhaust passage (8) and a valve (9). The intake and exhaust passage (8) is provided with a "baffle plate (24) and a driven baffle plate (21)". ", The intake valve (7) and exhaust valve (14), the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) are all shut-off valves.

As shown in Figure 11a: The valve (9) and the exhaust valve (14) are opened, the driven partition (21) moves downward with the opening of the valve (9), and the exhaust gas passes through the exhaust passage through the intake and exhaust passage (8) (17) Exhaust; as shown in Figure lib: Before scavenging, in order to scavenge, "the partition (24) and the driven partition (21); dividing the intake and exhaust passage (17) into an intake passage (22) and an exhaust passage (23), so that the exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust passage (23) through the exhaust passage (17);

 As shown in Figure 11c: Under the inertia of exhaust gas discharge, when a negative pressure is formed in the cylinder, the air valve (2) opens, and air enters the cylinder from the air passage (1) through the intake passage (22), and then the exhaust gas passes through the exhaust passage. (23) It is discharged through the exhaust duct (17), and scavenging is performed.

 As shown in figure lid: After the scavenging is completed, the "partition (24) and driven partition (21)" restore the intake passage (22) and exhaust passage (23) to the intake and exhaust passages (17), and exhaust The valve (14) and the air valve (2) are closed, the intake valve (7) is opened, the gas enters the cylinder from the intake port (4) through the intake and exhaust passage (8), and the internal combustion engine enters the intake state.

 As shown in Figure lie: After the intake is completed, the valve (9) and the intake valve (7) are closed, the driven diaphragm (21) moves upward as the valve (9) is closed, and the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) ) Is turned on, the air enters from the air passage (1), and the fuel in the intake and exhaust passages (8) enters the intake system of the internal combustion engine through the recovery passage (20);

 As shown in Figure llf: After the recovery is completed, the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) are closed.

 The cylinder head shown in Figs. 12a-12e has two intake and exhaust passages (8 and 13) and two valves (9 and 12). In order to facilitate scavenging, there is no exhaust valve in the intake and exhaust passages (8). It is not the manifold valve that controls the exhaust process, but the exhaust valve (14); the manifold valve (5) and the intake valve (11), the manifold valve (15), the air valve (2) and the recovery valve ( 19) Both are shut-off valves.

 Figure 12a: Valve (9), valve (12) and exhaust valve (14) open, [collection valve (5), intake valve (11), air valve (2) and recovery valve (19) closed With] the exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust passage (17) through the intake and exhaust channels (13);

 As shown in Figure 12b: Under the inertia of exhaust gas discharge, when a negative pressure is formed in the cylinder, the air valve (2) is opened, and air enters the cylinder from the air passage (1) through the intake and exhaust passage (8), and then enters and discharges with the exhaust gas. The air passage (13) is exhausted through the exhaust passage (17) to perform scavenging.

As shown in Figure 12c: After the scavenging is completed, the exhaust valve (14) and the air valve (2) are closed, the collection valve (5) and the intake valve (11) are opened, and the gas passes from the intake port (4) through the intake and exhaust The passage and the intake and exhaust passages enter the cylinder, and the internal combustion engine enters the intake state. As shown in Figure 12d: After the air intake is completed, the valve (9), the valve (12) and the collecting valve (S) are closed, the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) are opened, and the air enters from the air passage (1). The fuel in the intake and exhaust passage (13) enters the intake system of the internal combustion engine through the recovery passage (20); as shown in Figure 12e: after the recovery is completed, the intake valve (11), the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) are closed .

Claims

1. A cylinder head of a valve mechanism of an internal combustion engine, said cylinder head comprising a valve, an intake port and an exhaust port, characterized in that: the cylinder head has a layered structure, and the lower layer includes a valve; the middle layer passes through the cylinder head The body is divided into a left air channel and a right recovery channel, wherein the air channel is provided with an air valve, and the recovery channel is provided with a recovery valve; the upper layer includes the left air inlet and the right exhaust channel, in which An air intake valve is provided in the air passage, and an exhaust valve is provided in the exhaust passage, and an intake and exhaust passage common to the intake and exhaust is formed in the middle part.  2. The cylinder head of a valve mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cylinder head includes an intake and exhaust passage, and a partition is provided in the intake and exhaust passage, and the cylinder head includes a valve. The exhaust passage is provided with a driven partition. The cylinder head includes an intake and exhaust passage and a valve, and the intake and exhaust channels are provided with a partition and a driven partition.  3. The cylinder head of a valve mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein: the intake and exhaust passages are common passages for intake and exhaust, and the valve opening is a port at the cylinder end of the intake and exhaust passages; The air passage is in communication with the intake and exhaust passages. The air passage is provided with a first air valve and a second air valve, the first air valve is a shut-off valve, and the second air valve is a non-return valve; the air passage is scavenging and recovering the first air inlet. The fuel in the exhaust passage and the second intake and exhaust passages is opened to allow air to pass, and the rest of the time is closed; the recovery passage is in communication with the intake and exhaust passages, and the recovery passage is provided with a first recovery valve and a second recovery valve, and a recovery valve The return valve and the second recovery valve are cut-off valves. The recovery channel is opened after the valve is closed and before the exhaust of the next working cycle, and the rest of the time is closed. 4. The cylinder head of a valve mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: before the end of the intake air to the exhaust of the next working cycle, the air valve and the recovery valve respectively make the air passage and the recovery passage Turn on, so that the fuel in the intake and exhaust ducts enters the air intake system of the internal combustion engine through the recovery passage along with the air entering the air passage. The air from the intake system enters the cylinder for combustion.  5. The cylinder head of an air distribution mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the intake valve (7) and the intake valve (11) are located between the intake passage (4) and the intake and exhaust, respectively. The passage (8) and the intake passage (4) and the intake and exhaust passages (13) respectively control the intake process of the corresponding intake and exhaust passages; the exhaust valve (10) and the exhaust valve (14) are respectively It is located between the exhaust channel (17) and the intake and exhaust channels (8) and between the exhaust channel (17) and the intake and exhaust channels (13), and respectively controls the exhaust process of the corresponding intake and exhaust channels; The valve (5) is arranged between the intake passage (4) and the intake and exhaust passages (8) and the intake and exhaust passages (13); the manifold valve (15) is arranged on the exhaust passage (17) and the intake and exhaust passages (8) and the intake and exhaust channels (13); the intake valve (11) is selected as a shut-off valve.  6. The cylinder head of a valve mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: during the intake and exhaust, the valve is always open or the valve is opened in a certain period of time or part of the valve is always open, and the rest The valve opens at different times.  A valve distributing mechanism for an internal combustion engine, comprising a cylinder head and a valve driving device, wherein the cylinder head includes a valve, an intake port, and an exhaust port, and a valve of the cylinder head is located above a piston inside the cylinder, and the valve driving device and The air valves on the cylinder are connected, which is characterized in that: the cylinder head has a layered structure, and the lower layer includes a valve; the middle layer is separated by a cylinder head body from a left air passage and a right recovery passage, wherein the air passage is provided with an air valve The recovery channel is provided with a recovery valve; the upper layer includes a left air inlet and a right air outlet, wherein an air inlet valve is provided in the air inlet, an air outlet valve is provided in the exhaust gas, and a middle portion is formed with Common intake and exhaust channels for intake and exhaust.  8. A valve-distributing mechanism for an internal combustion engine according to claim ，, characterized in that: the valve driving device is an electromagnetic valve driving, that is, EVA, or a horse-actuating mechanism having a valve-distributing cam. 9. The valve-distributing mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 7, characterized in that: the valve driving device is a valve-distributing cam that drives the valve to work continuously, and the crank angle corresponding to the opening time of the driving valve is γ + 360 . + β; or valve actuating device is a valve cam that drives the valve to work intermittently to drive the valve to work continuously The convex part of the cam is a small cut with a base cut corresponding to the opening and closing process of the valve; or the valve driving device is a combination of a continuous cam and an intermittent cam to drive the valve to work in a compatible manner.  10. A method for realizing the gas distribution mechanism of the internal combustion engine, characterized in that: an intake and exhaust valve is provided in the cylinder head to distribute the intake and exhaust airflow, and the valve only compresses and compresses the compression stroke and operation of the internal combustion engine. The work process of the power stroke acts as a seal. During the intake and exhaust, the valve opening can be fully or as much as possible to increase the intake and exhaust circulation area and reduce the intake and exhaust resistance. The air passage can be connected with The inlet and exhaust channels are connected to provide scavenging gas, so that any internal combustion engine can scavenge.