CN1720389A - A gas distribution mechanism of an internal combustion engine, its cylinder head and its realization method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a valve actuating mechanism of an internal combustion engine, a cylinder cover of the valve actuating mechanism and an implementation method of the valve actuating mechanism, wherein the cylinder cover of the valve actuating mechanism comprises a valve, an air inlet channel and an air exhaust channel, the cylinder cover is of a layered structure, and the lower layer comprises the valve; the middle layer is separated into a left air channel and a right recovery channel through a cylinder cover body, wherein the air channel is provided with an air valve, and the recovery channel is provided with a recovery valve; the upper layer comprises a left air inlet channel and a right air outlet channel, wherein an air inlet valve is arranged in the air inlet channel, an exhaust valve is arranged in the air outlet channel, and an air inlet channel and an air outlet channel which are used for air inlet and exhaust are formed in the middle of the air outlet channel. It can reduce the resistance of air intake and exhaust, and can make the gasoline engine scavenge.

Description

A gas distribution mechanism of an internal combustion engine and its

Cylinder head and its realization method Technical field

The present invention relates to a gas distribution mechanism of an internal combustion engine, in particular to a gas distribution mechanism capable of reducing air intake and exhaust resistance and performing scavenging and a method for realizing the mechanism. Background technique

Usually, the gas distribution mechanism is composed of two parts: the cylinder head and the driving device of the outer valve of the cylinder head. In the cylinder head, there are intake passages, exhaust passages, valves, auxiliary parts and partial driving devices to ensure the reciprocating movement of the valves, such as rocker arms or camshafts; the driving devices of the outer valves of the cylinder head are generally camshafts, tappets or only The chains, belts or gears that drive the camshaft, etc. With the continuous development of technology, electromagnetic valve drive (EVA for short) has appeared to drive the opening and closing of the valve. The valve driving device greatly simplifies the valve mechanism; in short, there are many types of valve mechanisms.

The valve has two functions: 1. It seals the compression process of the compression stroke of the internal combustion engine and the work process of the power stroke; Mixed gas or combustible gas) is inhaled from the intake port, and the generated exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust port.

Since the history of internal combustion engines, in order to reduce the resistance of intake and exhaust, internal combustion engines have only simply increased the number of valves (that is, the use of multi-valve valve trains) to reduce the resistance of intake and exhaust.

The use of multi-valve valve trains reduces the intake and exhaust resistance to a certain extent, but at the same time it also brings some difficult problems, such as the complex structure of the valve train, increased failure rate, increased manufacturing costs, and the impact on manufacturing technology. and the improvement of manufacturing precision requirements, etc... Although the use of multi-valve valve trains reduces the intake and exhaust resistance to a certain extent force, but the effect of reducing the intake and exhaust resistance is not ideal enough. The intake and exhaust flow area of the four-valve valve train is only about 30% larger than that of the two-valve train; The intake and exhaust flow area of the engine has only increased a little.

With the multi-valve valve train, the intake and exhaust flow areas increase logarithmically with the increase in the number of valves used, but the problems brought about by it increase exponentially with the increase in the number of valves used. , and it is becoming more and more difficult to solve; from these two aspects, there is a limit to the increase in the number of valves used, that is to say, it is not feasible to reduce the intake and exhaust resistance simply by increasing the number of valves used , at least quite difficult, unrealistic and meaningless.

Through the above analysis, it can be seen that the use of a small number of valves in the valve train has a significant effect in reducing the intake and exhaust resistance; it is also feasible in consideration of many aspects involved. .

As far as the current gas distribution mechanism is concerned, the fundamental problem is that there is a common problem, but the inventor thinks it is very critical and must be solved: when the current internal combustion engine enters and exhausts, only the corresponding valve door is opened for intake and exhaust. , Exhaust, the other valve is closed idle, can not be fully utilized, this is the root cause of the large increase in the flow area of the intake and exhaust, just like people use one nostril to exhale, and the other nostril to inhale Breathing out of breath always feels like suffocation.

The scavenging technology of the internal combustion engine can not only discharge the exhaust gas in the cylinder cleanly, but also cool the components in the air flow passage. In order not to waste fuel and pollute the environment, the internal combustion engine (such as Most gasoline engines and combustible gas engines) avoid scavenging, so that the performance of the internal combustion engine cannot be fully exerted, and it also affects the service life and ignition reliability of the internal combustion engine.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the main purpose of the present invention is to provide a gas distribution mechanism of an internal combustion engine, which can reduce intake and exhaust resistance and perform scavenging. Another object of the present invention is to provide a cylinder head of a valve train of an internal combustion engine, which can reduce intake and exhaust resistance and perform scavenging.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for realizing the above-mentioned gas distribution mechanism of the internal combustion engine, which can reduce the intake and exhaust resistance and perform scavenging.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:

A cylinder head of a gas distribution mechanism of an internal combustion engine, the cylinder head includes valves, intake ports and exhaust ports, characterized in that: the cylinder head has a layered structure, the lower layer includes valves; the middle layer is separated by the cylinder head body There is an air channel on the left and a recovery channel on the right, wherein the air channel has an air valve, and the recovery channel is provided with a recovery valve; An intake valve is provided, an exhaust valve is provided in the exhaust passage, and a common intake and exhaust passage for intake and exhaust is formed in the middle.

The cylinder head includes an intake and exhaust passage, a partition is arranged in the intake and exhaust passage, the cylinder head includes a valve, a driven partition is arranged in the intake and exhaust passage, the cylinder head includes an intake and exhaust passage and a valve, the intake The exhaust passage is provided with a partition and a driven partition.

The intake and exhaust passages are common passages for intake and exhaust, and the air port is the port at the cylinder end of the intake and exhaust passages; the air passage communicates with the intake and exhaust passages, and a first air valve and a second air valve are arranged in the air passage, The first air valve is a cut-off valve, and the second air valve is a check valve; the air channel is opened to allow air to pass through when scavenging and recovering the fuel in the first intake and exhaust passage and the second intake and exhaust passage, and is closed at other times; the recovery passage It communicates with the intake and exhaust channels, and the recovery channel is provided with a first recovery valve and a second recovery valve. The first recovery valve is a check valve, and the second recovery valve is a cut-off valve. Open before exhausting, and close the rest of the time.

From the end of the air intake to the exhaust of the next working cycle, the air valve and the recovery valve respectively open the air passage and the recovery passage, so that the fuel in the intake and exhaust passages enters the air intake system of the internal combustion engine through the recovery passage along with the air that enters the air passage. , and then enter the cylinder with the gas from the intake system for combustion. Between the exhaust channels, and respectively control the intake process of the corresponding intake and exhaust channels; exhaust

Between the intake channel and the intake and exhaust channels and between the intake and exhaust channels; the collection valve is arranged between the exhaust channel and the intake and exhaust channels and between the intake and exhaust channels; the intake ridge is selected as a cut-off valve.

The cylinder head includes a valve, which is always open during intake and exhaust; the cylinder head may include multiple valves, which are always open or partly opened or part of the valve is always open during intake and exhaust. The rest of the valves are opened in time intervals.

A gas distribution mechanism for an internal combustion engine, including a cylinder head and a valve driving device, the cylinder head includes a valve, an intake port and an exhaust port, the valve of the cylinder head is located above the piston inside the cylinder, and the valve driving device is connected to the cylinder The air valves are connected, and the feature is that: the cylinder head has a layered structure, the lower layer includes the valves; the middle layer is separated by the cylinder head body and has a left air passage and a right recovery passage, wherein the air passage has an air valve, and the recovery A recovery valve is set in the channel; the upper layer includes an air intake channel on the left and an exhaust channel on the right, wherein an air intake valve is provided in the air intake channel, and an exhaust valve is provided in the exhaust channel. Exhaust common intake and exhaust passages.

The valve drive device is an electromagnetic valve drive, that is, EVA, or a drive mechanism with a valve cam.

The valve driving device is a valve cam that drives the valve to work continuously, and the crankshaft angle corresponding to the opening time of the driving valve is γ+360°+(5; or the valve driving device is a valve cam that drives the valve to work intermittently Based on the protruding portion of the valve cam that drives the valve to work continuously, a small protrusion is cut, which corresponds to the opening and closing process of the valve; or the valve driving device is a combination of a continuous cam and an intermittent cam, To drive the valve to work compatible.

A method for realizing the valve train of the above-mentioned internal combustion engine is characterized in that: in the cylinder head The intake and exhaust valves are set in the center to distribute the intake and exhaust airflows. The valves only seal the compression process of the internal combustion engine’s compression stroke and the work process of the power stroke. During the intake and exhaust periods, the valves can be completely Or open as much as possible to increase the intake and exhaust flow area and reduce the intake and exhaust resistance; set the air passage to communicate with the intake and exhaust passages to provide scavenging air, so that any internal combustion engine can scavenge.

The intake and exhaust valves are respectively arranged at the inner ends of the intake and exhaust passages to distribute the intake and exhaust airflows, so that the exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust passages, and the cylinder takes in gas from the intake passages. The working process of the compression process and the working stroke acts as a seal, so that during the intake and exhaust periods, the valve ports can be opened all or as much as possible (for the needs of scavenging, some valves are only opened at the moment before the scavenging) so that the air flow cannot pass through), so as to increase the flow area of intake and exhaust, and reduce the resistance of intake and exhaust; set the air passage to communicate with the intake and exhaust passages, so as to provide air for scavenging, so that any internal combustion engine can be scavenged.

The structure of the valve train is:

The cylinder head has a layered structure: the lower layer is the valve (the lower layer is called a single valve, and the valve train with a single valve is called a single valve valve train; the lower layer is called a non-single valve, with a non-single valve. The gas distribution mechanism of the valve is called non-single valve mechanism), which plays a sealing role in the compression process of the internal combustion engine's compression stroke and the work process of the power stroke. The middle layer is the intake and exhaust channels, or the intake and exhaust channels and the partition and /or driven partitions, or intake and exhaust passages and partitions and/or driven partitions and air passages, or intake and exhaust passages, partitions and/or driven partitions, air passages and recovery passages; The air channel is the common channel for intake and exhaust, and the valve port is the port at the cylinder end of the intake and exhaust channels. In order to meet the needs of scavenging, partitions and/or driven partitions are arranged in the intake and exhaust passages to separate the intake and exhaust passages into intake passages and exhaust passages, or to avoid one intake and exhaust passage during scavenging. The air entering the channel is directly discharged from another intake and exhaust channel; the air channel and recovery channel are set outside the intake and exhaust channel, which can communicate with the intake and exhaust channels to provide scavenging air (referring to the air for scavenging, the same below) After the recovery valve is closed, the intake and exhaust For the fuel remaining in the passage, the air passage and the recovery passage are respectively provided with an air valve and a recovery valve (the air valve and the recovery valve are cut-off valves or cut-off valves and check valves) to control their connection with the intake and exhaust passages; the upper layer It is the intake and exhaust valves and the intake and exhaust passages. The intake and exhaust valves distribute the intake and exhaust airflow, so that the exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust passage; the gas used for combustion in the cylinder (referring to air, fuel, and sometimes Refers to the exhaust gas, the same below) enters from the intake port; during the intake and exhaust period, that is, from the beginning of the exhaust to the end of the intake of the next working cycle, the valve has three working modes:

The working method with the valve always open is called continuous;

The working method of opening the valve in different periods is called intermittent;

Part of the valves are always open, and the rest of the valves are opened in different periods of time, which is called compatible;

The valve cam that drives the valve continuously works, the crankshaft angle corresponding to the opening time of the driving valve is: γ (exhaust advance angle, the same below) +360°+ρ (intake retard angle, the same below), and The driving valve is based on the protruding part of the continuously working valve cam (that is, the convex point, the same below) and is cut with a small protrusion (that is, the small convex point, the same below), which corresponds to the opening and closing process of the valve. Drive the valve to work intermittently (the valve cam cylinder that drives the valve to work intermittently is called intermittent cam, the same below); the continuous cam and intermittent cam are combined to drive the valve to work in a compatible manner .

Compared with the current gas distribution mechanism, the gas distribution mechanism of the present invention has the following characteristics:

Α, the structure is simple.

Β, during intake and exhaust, the intake and exhaust flow area formed by the single valve distribution mechanism can be larger than the intake and exhaust flow area formed by any non-single valve distribution mechanism.

C. Since the single-valve valve train has only one valve port, the way of intake and exhaust is relatively simple.

D. Reduced valve function. At present, the valves in the valve train have at least two functions: a. Seal the compression process of the compression stroke of the internal combustion engine and the work process of the power stroke; b. Distribute the intake and exhaust airflow, so that the exhaust gas flows from exhaust exhaust; gas The gas required in the cylinder enters from the intake port.

In the valve train of the present invention, these two functions are respectively served by the air valve and the intake and exhaust valves. The valve seals the compression process of the compression stroke of the internal combustion engine and the work process of the power stroke; the intake and exhaust valves distribute the intake and exhaust airflow, so that the exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust passage; the gas required in the cylinder is discharged from the The air intake enters.

E. The division of labor between valves is weakened. Due to the reduction of valve functions, the division of labor between the valves is weakened. Except that there are intake valves and exhaust valves during the scavenging period, there is no distinction between intake valves and exhaust valves during the rest of the time, so that the working environment of the valves is close to the same, the interchangeability is improved, and the maximum operating temperature is reduced. .

F. The intake and exhaust modes and valve working modes are diversified. The gas distribution mechanism of the present invention can perform intake and exhaust in four ways, namely a, open all the valves for intake and exhaust; b, open part of the valves for exhaust, and open all the valves for intake; c. Open all the valves for exhaust, and open some valves for intake; d. Open some valves for exhaust and intake (this intake and exhaust method is the current intake and exhaust of internal combustion engines. The valve has three working modes, namely continuous, intermittent and compatible; compared with the single intake and exhaust mode and valve working mode of the current internal combustion engine valve train, it can be described as diverse.

G. The valve opening time is prolonged. The crank angle corresponding to the valve opening time of continuous work is: γ+360. + β; The crankshaft angle corresponding to the valve opening time of intermittent operation is between γ+360°+ β and γ+180°+ β.

Η, intake and exhaust flow areas increase. The intake and exhaust flow area of the current four-valve valve train is about 30% higher than that of the two-valve train, but when the present invention uses a single valve, the intake and exhaust flow area It can be more than 100% more than the current intake and exhaust flow area of the valve train with any number of valves (the average value of the increase in the flow area during intake and exhaust, the same below). It can also be said that the valve train adopts a single valve At this time, the intake and exhaust flow area can be so large that the intake and exhaust flow area produced by the current valve train using any number of valves cannot be compared with it. When the gas distribution mechanism adopts non-single valve, the intake and exhaust flow area is increased by 100% or close to 100% compared with the current intake and exhaust flow area of the same valve. The exhaust flow area is 100% larger than the current intake and exhaust flow area of the same valve train; in order to meet the needs of scavenging, when the valve works in a compatible manner, the intake and exhaust flow area is larger than that of the current same valve train The intake and exhaust flow area has increased by nearly (less than) 100%, while the current intake and exhaust flow area of the four-valve valve train is only about 30% higher than that of the two-valve train. Based on this calculation, when the same four valves are used in the valve train of this project, its intake and exhaust flow area is about 260% of the current intake and exhaust flow area of the two valve train.

Due to the increase of the intake and exhaust flow area, the fuel combustion of the internal combustion engine is more fully, on the one hand, the combustion efficiency of the internal combustion engine is improved, the power of the internal combustion engine is increased, and energy is saved; on the other hand, the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine is polluted The waste is reduced, and the pollution to the environment is avoided or reduced.

I. The valve timing is represented by the valve and the intake and exhaust valves respectively. Regardless of the way the valve works, the valve can exhibit γ and β, but when the valve works continuously, the valve does not have δ (exhaust retardation angle, the same below), α (intake advance angle, the same below) and α + δ (overlap angle, the same below), for the need of scavenging, when the valve works in a compatible manner, δ and α + δ do not exist. The valve opens "when negative air pressure is formed in the cylinder", and this "when negative air pressure is formed in the cylinder" is actually α.

When the intake and exhaust valves are selected as check valves, all gas distribution phases can be shown, namely o β, γ, δ and α + δ.

J. When the intake and exhaust valves are check valves, the intake and exhaust valves can automatically adjust the gas distribution phase according to the change of the internal combustion engine speed. Since the check valve is an automatic valve, it can automatically adjust the opening or closing time under the action of pressure difference. When the intake and exhaust valves are check valves, as the engine speed changes, the intake and exhaust valves will automatically adjust 0, α and α + δ under the action of exhaust gas pressure or negative air pressure suction to meet the needs of the internal combustion engine. . L, β and γ decrease. Due to the increase of the intake and exhaust flow area, that is, the decrease of the intake and exhaust resistance, β and γ are reduced.

Due to the decrease of β, a. increase the working volume of the cylinder and increase the air charge; b. increase the compression stroke and increase the compression ratio.

γ is reduced, so that the utilization rate of the work done by the expanding gas is improved.

The reduction of β and γ both increases the power and performance of the internal combustion engine.

M. The gas distribution mechanism of the present invention has a scavenging function. In the gas distribution mechanism of the present invention, due to the intervention of the air channel and the partition or the partition and the driven partition, all internal combustion engines can be scavenged, which has the following advantages: a. The exhaust gas in the cylinder can be discharged cleanly, improving b. It can cool the air valve and air port, prolonging the service life of the internal combustion engine; c. It can fully exert the performance of the internal combustion engine without wasting fuel and polluting the environment as little as possible.

N Valve train noise reduction. Since the valve opening and closing process of the valve mechanism of the present invention is reduced and/or the time of the opening and closing process is relatively concentrated, the number of collisions generated is absolutely or relatively reduced, so that the noise frequency is reduced and the radiated noise energy is reduced; The air intake and exhaust valves are added to the air distribution mechanism. Since the force of the air intake and exhaust valves is small, the noise is also small, so the noise of the air distribution mechanism of the present invention is reduced.

0. From the perspective of opening and closing of the valve, since the continuously working valve can be continuously opened during intake and exhaust, the "four-stroke" of the four-stroke internal combustion engine becomes "quasi-three-stroke". Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is described in detail:

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the gas distribution mechanism of the present invention.

Figure 1-1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the valve train of the present invention.

Figure la is a structural schematic diagram of a cylinder head with two intake and exhaust passages and two valves.

Figure 1b is a structural representation of a cylinder head with two intake and exhaust passages and a valve picture.

Figure 1c is a structural schematic diagram of a cylinder head with an intake and exhaust passage and two valves.

Figure 1d is a structural schematic diagram of a cylinder head with an intake and exhaust passage and a valve.

Fig. 1e is a structural schematic diagram of a cylinder head without an exhaust valve in the intake and exhaust passage (8).

Figure If is a schematic diagram of the positional relationship between the valve and the driven dividing plate.

Figure lg is a side view of the partition tank.

Figure lh is the front view of the partition tank.

Figure li is a bottom view of the bulkhead tank.

Figure lj is a schematic diagram of the main body of the cylinder head base with a partition groove.

Figure lk is a schematic diagram of the partition and driven partition in the non-scavenging state.

Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the baffle and the driven baffle in the scavenging state.

Figure lm is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the valve stem, diaphragm and driven diaphragm.

Figure 2a is a schematic diagram of the structure of the continuous valve cam.

Figure 2b is a schematic structural diagram of an intermittent valve cam.

Figure 2c is a schematic structural diagram of another intermittent valve cam.

Figure 2d is a continuous valve cam that reduces the height of the corresponding raised part near the top dead center.

Fig. 2e is an enlarged schematic diagram of the dotted box of the valve cam shown in Fig. 2d.

Figure 3a is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cylinder head with a vertical reciprocating partition.

Fig. 3b is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cylinder head with a transverse reciprocating partition.

Fig. 3c is a schematic diagram of a section of the cylinder head at the dotted line X in Fig. 3b.

Figure 3d is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cylinder head with a vertically rotating baffle.

Figure 3e is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cylinder head with a horizontally rotating baffle.

Figure 4a is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head with a separator in the exhaust state. Figure 4b is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head with a partition in the scavenging state.

Figure 4c is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head with a partition in the intake state.

Fig. 4d is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head with a diaphragm and a driven diaphragm in an exhaust state. Fig. 4e is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head with a partition and a driven partition in a scavenging state. Fig. 4f is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head with the diaphragm and the driven diaphragm in the intake state. Fig. 5a is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head in the exhaust state of the first implementation of scavenging. Fig. 5b is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head in the scavenging state of the first scavenging implementation manner. Fig. 5c is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head in the air intake state of the first scavenging implementation manner. Fig. 5d is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head in the exhaust state of the second scavenging implementation. Fig. 5e is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head in the scavenging state of the second scavenging implementation manner. Fig. 5f is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head in the air intake state of the second scavenging implementation manner. Fig. _5g is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head in the exhaust state of the third scavenging implementation. Fig. 5h is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head in the scavenging state of the third scavenging implementation manner. Fig. 5i is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head in the air intake state of the third scavenging implementation manner. Fig. 5j is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head with a diaphragm and a driven diaphragm in an exhaust state. Fig. 5k is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head with a partition and a driven partition in a scavenging state. Fig. 51 is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head with a partition and a driven partition in an intake state. Fig. 6a is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head in an exhaust state that provides scavenging air through an intake port.

Figure 6b is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head in the scavenging state that provides scavenging air through the intake port.

Fig. 6c is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head in the state of intake air, which provides scavenging air through the intake port.

Fig. 6d is a schematic diagram of the exhaust state of the cylinder head providing scavenging air through the air passage.

Figure 6e is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head in the scavenging state that provides scavenging air through the air passage. Fig. 6f is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head with scavenging air supplied through the air channel in the intake state.

Figure 7a is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head with two intake and exhaust channels during recycling. Figure 7b is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head with two upper intake and exhaust passages at the end of recycling. Figure 7c is a schematic diagram of the recovery process of the cylinder head without the exhaust valve in the intake and exhaust channels.

Fig. 7d is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head at the end of recycling without exhaust valves in the intake and exhaust passages.

Figure 7e is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head with one intake and exhaust channel during recycling. Figure 7f is a schematic view of the cylinder head with one intake and exhaust channel at the end of recovery. Figure 8a is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head with two intake and exhaust channels and two valves in the exhaust state.

Figure 8b is a schematic diagram of the state of the cylinder head with two intake and exhaust channels and two valves before scavenging.

Figure 8c is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head with two intake and exhaust channels and two valves in the scavenging state.

Figure 8d is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head with two intake and exhaust channels and two valves in the intake state.

Figure 8e is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head with two intake and exhaust passages and two valves in a recovered state.

Figure 8f is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head with two intake and exhaust channels and two valves at the end of recycling.

Figure '9a is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head with two intake and exhaust passages and a valve in the exhaust state.

Figure 9b is a schematic diagram of the state of the cylinder head with two intake and exhaust channels and one valve before scavenging.

Figure 9c shows the cylinder head with two intake and exhaust channels and one valve in the scavenging state schematic diagram.

Figure 9d is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head with two intake and exhaust channels and one valve in the intake state.

Figure 9e is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head with two intake and exhaust passages and one valve in a recovered state.

Figure 9f is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head with two intake and exhaust passages and one valve at the end of recycling.

Figure 10a is a schematic diagram of an air cover with one intake and exhaust passage and two valves in the exhaust state.

Figure 10b is a schematic diagram of the gas cover with one intake and exhaust channel and two valves before scavenging.

Figure 10c is a schematic diagram of the gas cover with one intake and exhaust channel and two valves in the scavenging state.

Figure 10d is a schematic diagram of an air cover with one intake and exhaust channel and two valves in the intake state.

Figure 10e is a schematic diagram of the air cover with one intake and exhaust channel and two valves in the recovery state.

Fig. 10f is a schematic diagram of the air cover with one intake and exhaust passage and two valves at the end of recycling.

Figure 11a is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head with an intake and exhaust passage and a valve in the exhaust state.

Fig. lib is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head with one intake and exhaust channel and one valve before scavenging.

Figure 11c is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head with one intake and exhaust passage and one valve in the scavenging state.

Figure lid is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head with one intake and exhaust passage and one valve in the intake state. Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head with an intake and exhaust passage and a valve in a recovered state.

Figure llf is a schematic diagram of the cylinder head with an intake and exhaust passage and a valve at the end of recovery.

Fig. 12a is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head in an exhaust state without an exhaust valve in the intake and exhaust passage (8).

Figure 12b is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head in a scavenging state without an exhaust valve in the intake and exhaust passage (8).

Fig. 12c is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head in an intake state without an exhaust valve in the intake and exhaust passage (8).

Figure 12d is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head in a recovery state without an exhaust valve in the intake and exhaust passage (8).

Fig. 12e is a schematic diagram of a cylinder head without an exhaust valve in the intake and exhaust passage (8) at the end of recovery.

Detailed ways

In the figure, 1. Air channel, 2. Air valve (shut-off valve), 3. Air valve (check valve), 4. Air inlet, 5. Collective valve, 6. Air port, 7. Intake valve, 8. Inlet and exhaust channels, 9. Air valve or intake valve, 10. Exhaust valve, 11. Intake valve, 12. Air valve or exhaust valve, 13. Intake and exhaust channel, 14. Exhaust valve, 15. Set Exhaust valve, 16. Air port, 17. Exhaust channel, 18. Recovery valve (check valve), 19. Recovery valve (shut-off valve), 20. Recovery channel, 21. Driven partition, 22. Intake channel , 23. Exhaust channel, 24. Partition or partition and driven partition, 25. Partition groove, 26. Raised part, 27. Raised part, 28. Valve stem, 29. Valve cam, 30 . Piston, 31. Cylinder, 32. Cylinder head.

Below following example form the present invention is described:

A, the present invention is described by taking the action of parts in the corresponding cylinder head of a cylinder as an example;

B. When more than one valve is used in the cylinder head, take two valves as an example Instructions; when more than one intake and exhaust passages are used in the cylinder head, two intake and exhaust passages are used as an example for illustration; when more than two valves are used in the cylinder head, one valve represents part of the valve, and the other valve represents The rest of the valves illustrate the present invention; when more than two intake and exhaust passages are used in the cylinder head, one intake and exhaust passage represents part of the intake and exhaust passages, and the other intake and exhaust passage represents the rest of the intake and exhaust passages The passage explains the invention;

C. The structure of the cylinder head and the working process of the gas distribution mechanism appear in the form of a summary (all means), and the specific implementation should be selected and/or selected according to actual needs; for the convenience of description, the present invention will directly introduce An internal combustion engine that injects fuel is called a diesel engine, and an internal combustion engine that sucks fuel through an intake port is called a gasoline engine; unless otherwise specified, the description of the present invention is based on a gasoline engine as an example.

See Figure 1 and Figure 1-1 (illustrated with a cylinder head with two valves and an intake and exhaust passage).

The position of the gas distribution mechanism of the present invention in the internal combustion engine does not change due to technical improvements, and the cylinder head (32) is still installed at the top dead center of the piston (30) of the cylinder (31).

The following describes its working principle in the form of airflow path:

When exhausting, the exhaust gas is first discharged into the intake and exhaust passage (8) from the air port (6) and the air port (16), and then discharged through the exhaust passage (17); The gas passage (22) enters the cylinder (31), and then the exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust passage (23) through the exhaust passage (17) to perform scavenging; Exhaust passage (8), and then air port (9) and air port (12) enter cylinder (31); During recovery, after valve (9) and valve (12) are closed, air enters into exhaust from air passage (1) The gas channel (8), and then enters the air intake system of the internal combustion engine along with the fuel in it through the recovery channel (20). The specific intake and exhaust process is shown in Figures 8-12. way of working. The improvement of the working mode of the valve. The profile of the gas cam (29) has been changed, and the profile of the cylinder head (32) has changed. The structure and profile of the valve cam (29) are shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 respectively.

Two intake and exhaust passages are used in the cylinder head shown in Figure la and Figure lb.

The lower layer is the air valve (9) and the air valve (12) or the air valve (9), wherein the air valve (9) and the air valve (12) are used in the cylinder head shown in Figure la, and only the air valve is used in the cylinder head shown in Figure 1b

(9), sealing the compression process of the compression stroke of the internal combustion engine and the work process of the power stroke;

The middle layer is intake and exhaust channels (8), intake and exhaust channels (13), air channels (1), recovery channels (20) and driven partitions (21), and it is only possible when one valve is used in the general cylinder head Use follower spacer (21).

The intake and exhaust passages (8 and 13) are common passages for intake and exhaust, and the air ports (6) and (16) are ports at the cylinder ends of the intake and exhaust passages (8 and 13); the air passage (1) can be connected with the intake The exhaust passages (8) are connected, and the air passage (1) is provided with air valves (2 and 3) [the air valve (2) is a cut-off valve, and the air valve (3) is a check valve] to control the air passage (1) ), the air passage (1) is opened to allow air to pass through during scavenging and recovery (that is, recovery of the fuel in the intake and exhaust passages (8 and 13) and the following intake and exhaust passages (8), the same below]. The rest of the time is closed; the recovery channel (20) can communicate with the intake and exhaust channels (13), and the recovery channel (20) is provided with recovery valves (18 and 19) [recovery valve (18) non-return valve, recovery valve (19) It is cut-off valve], in order to control the on-off of recovery channel (20).

Air valve (2 and 3) and recovery valve (18 and 19) respectively make air passage (1) and recovery passage (20) open before air intake ends to the exhaust of next working cycle, and intake and exhaust passage ( 8 and 13), the fuel in the air passage (1) enters the air intake system of the internal combustion engine through the recovery passage (20), and then enters the cylinder with the air in the intake system for combustion, avoiding waste of fuel and damage to the environment pollute;

During scavenging, in order not to directly discharge the air entering the intake and exhaust passages (8) from the intake and exhaust passages (13), the cylinder head shown in Figure 1b is provided with a driven partition (21), the driven partition (21) moves up and down with the opening and closing of the air valve (9), and fits with the partition groove (25) (shown in Fig. exhaust channel (13) Discharging ensures the scavenging effect. - An air valve, air valve (2) and recovery valve (19) can be set in the air channel (1) and the recovery channel (20) respectively to control the opening and closing of the channel (1) and the recovery channel (20), but a A relatively complex actuator can accurately control the opening and closing time of the air valve. In order to adapt to changes in the working conditions of the internal combustion engine, an air valve (2 or 3) and a recovery valve (18 or 19) can be set in the air passage (1) and the recovery passage (20) respectively, so that the air passage (1) and the recovery passage (20) The on-off control is simplified.

During specific implementation, the air valve at the end of the intake and exhaust channels, that is, the inner air valve is selected as a check valve, such as the air valve (3) and the recovery valve (18), and the subsequent air valve, that is, the outer air valve is selected as a cut-off valve. Valves, such as air valve (2) and recovery valve (19). The cut-off valve (2) set in the air passage (1) is closed during intake, scavenging and recovery (that is, recovery of the fuel in the intake and exhaust passages (8 and/or 13), the same below), and the rest of the time is optional. , the specific scavenging and recovery time [on-off time of the air channel (1)] is automatically controlled by the check valve (3) under the action of gas pressure (or pressure difference); the shut-off valve ( 19) It is closed when exhausting, opened when recovering, and the rest of the time is arbitrary. The specific recovery time [on-off time of the recovery channel (20)] is automatically controlled by the check valve (18) under the action of gas pressure (or pressure difference) In this way, the operation process of controlling the opening and closing of the air passage (1) and the recovery passage (20) is reduced, and the change of the working condition of the internal combustion engine is automatically adapted.

For the convenience of description, the present invention will be described below by taking the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) as an example in the air passage (1) and the recovery passage (20) as an example.

The upper layer is the inlet valve (5) and the exhaust valve (15), the intake valve (7) and the intake valve (11), the exhaust valve (10) and the exhaust valve (14), the air inlet (4) and exhaust duct (17). Between the air intake passage (4) and the intake and exhaust passages (13), and respectively controls the intake process of the corresponding intake and exhaust passages; the exhaust valve (10) and the exhaust valve (14) are respectively interposed between the exhaust passages (17) and the intake and exhaust passage (8) and the exhaust passage (17) and the intake and exhaust passage (13), and respectively control the exhaust process of the corresponding intake and exhaust passage; the collection valve (5) is A type of intake valve, set on the intake Between the passage (4) and the intake and exhaust passage (8) and the intake and exhaust passage (13), the intake process of the intake and exhaust passage (8) and the intake and exhaust passage (13) can be centrally controlled; the collection valve (15) is a kind of exhaust valve, which is arranged between the exhaust passage (17) and the intake and exhaust passage (8) and the intake and exhaust passage (13), and can centrally control the intake and exhaust passage (8) and The exhaust process of the intake and exhaust channels (13); before intake, the intake valve (11) must be closed, so it should be selected as a cut-off valve.

The cylinder head shown in Fig. lc and Fig. Id [only one valve (9) is used in the cylinder head shown in Fig. Id] is similar to the structure of the cylinder head shown in Fig. la and Fig. lb, because only one intake and exhaust valve is used channel (8), so it does not have the collection valve (5), collection valve (15), intake valve (11) and exhaust valve (10) set in the cylinder head shown in Figure la and Figure lb; air The channel (1) communicates with the left side of the intake and exhaust channels (8), and the recovery channel (20) communicates with the right side of the intake and exhaust channels (S); for the needs of scavenging, the cylinder head shown in Figure lc Partition plate (24) is provided in the intake and exhaust passage (8), and partition plate (24) and driven partition plate (21) are provided with in the intake and exhaust passage (8) of cylinder head shown in Figure Id.

The schematic diagram of the air valve, driven diaphragm and diaphragm groove shown in Fig. If-lm is an illustration of the valve, diaphragm and driven diaphragm in the cylinder head shown in Fig. lb-Id. Among them, Fig. If-lj is the description of the driven partition in the cylinder head shown in Fig. lb, and Fig. lk-lm is the description of the middle partition and driven partition in the cylinder head shown in Fig. Id.

Shown in Fig. If is the front view (cutting 1/2) of air valve (9) and driven partition (21) in the cylinder head shown in Fig. 1b, and the part cut surface of the cylinder head at X dotted line place is as shown in Fig. 1g: The driven P plate (21) reciprocates up and down with the opening and closing of the valve (9) in the partition groove (25), and Figure lh shows the valve (9), the partition groove (25) and the driven partition (21) The front view of the partial section of the cylinder head; the partial cross-section of the cylinder head at the dotted line Y is shown in Figure 11: the hollow part is used for the reciprocating movement of the valve (9), and the raised parts on both sides are partition grooves ( 25), Figure lj is a cross-sectional view of the cylinder head in the X dotted line box shown in Figure lb, the hollow part is like a cone, used for the reciprocating operation of the valve (9), two raised parts on both sides For the partition groove (25);

Shown in Figure 1k is the valve rod (28), dividing plate (24) of valve (9) in the cylinder head shown in Figure Id And the front view of the driven partition (21) in the non-scavenging state, its working state is as shown in Figure 4d below, and Figure 11 shows the valve stem (28) of the valve (9) in the cylinder head shown in Figure Id, The front view of the dividing plate (24) and the driven dividing plate (21) in the scavenging state, its working state is as shown in the following Figure 4e, and shown in Figure 1m is the valve stem (28), dividing plate (24) and driven The cross-section of the partition (21) at the dotted line (for ease of observation, the middle and outer layers are cut off on the left side), the middle layer is the driven partition (21), between the valve stem (28) of the inner layer and the outer layer Between the partitions (24).

During implementation, the internal components of the cylinder head can be selected and their selection type can be determined according to specific needs.

If the internal combustion engine is a diesel engine, the air channel (1) and the recovery channel (20) may not be provided, and if the internal combustion engine is a gasoline engine, if the fuel in the intake and exhaust channels (8 or 8 and 13) is not recovered, the recovery channel may not be provided (20); In order to facilitate the scavenging, there is no exhaust valve (10) in the intake and exhaust passage (8) of the cylinder head shown in Fig. le (compared with the cylinder head shown in Fig. la), so that the intake and exhaust Passage (8) only has air intake function.

When the air passage (1) and the recovery passage (20) are not arranged in the cylinder head, the exhaust valve (14) can be selected as a check valve; , The valve of the exhaust passage on-off should be selected as a cut-off valve; Again, when utilizing the exhaust valve (10) provided in the intake and exhaust passage (8) before scavenging to prevent waste gas from being discharged therein, the exhaust valve (10) Should be selected as a shut-off valve.

There are two ways to drive the opening and closing of the valve, one is to drive the opening and closing of the valve with the valve cam; Opening and closing, it does not need a valve cam and corresponding components].

The valve cam of the first driving mode will be described below.

When the gear ratio of the timing gear of the gas distribution cam and the timing gear of the crankshaft is 2:1, the gas distribution cam that drives the valve to work continuously has a convex part, and the cam rotation angle corresponding to the convex part is: 180. +ε (for the convenience of description, the inventor defines ε as the gear ratio of the timing gear of the valve cam and the timing gear of the crankshaft is 2:1, γ+β Corresponding valve cam rotation angle, the same below). Based on the protruding part of the driving valve that works continuously, there are small protrusions cut out, corresponding to the opening and closing process of the valve, used to drive the valve to work intermittently; the valve cam that drives the valve to work continuously Combined with the valve cam that drives the valves to work intermittently, to drive the valves to work in a compatible manner.

When the gear ratio of the timing gear of the gas distribution cam and the timing gear of the crankshaft is 4:1, the gas distribution cam that drives the valve to work continuously has two convex parts, and the cam rotation angle corresponding to each convex part is: 90°+ζ (for the convenience of description, the inventor defines ζ as the timing gear ratio of the timing gear of the gas distribution cam and the crankshaft when the gear ratio is 4: 1, the rotation angle of the gas distribution cam corresponding to γ+β ). Based on the protruding part of the driving valve that works continuously, there are small protrusions cut out, corresponding to the opening and closing process of the valve, used to drive the valve to work intermittently; the valve cam that drives the valve to work continuously Combined with the valve cam that drives the valves to work intermittently, to drive the valves to work in a compatible manner.

By analogy, when the gear ratio of the timing gear of the gas distribution cam and the timing gear of the crankshaft is n: 1 (η is a positive integer multiple of 2), the continuous cam as the basis of the intermittent cam has η/2 convex parts, and the cam rotation angle corresponding to each convex part is: (γ+360°+β)/η.

2a-2c are schematic diagrams of the profile of the gas distribution cam when the gear ratio of the timing gear of the gas distribution cam to the timing gear of the crankshaft is 2:1, and the gas distribution cam of the present invention will be described by taking this as an example.

Figure 2a shows a continuous cam, which has a raised part (26), and the cam rotation angle corresponding to the raised part is <χ=180°+ε, and a small raised part is cut on the basis of the raised part of the cam The part (26) and the small raised part (27), corresponding to the opening and closing process of the valve, are used to drive the valve to work intermittently, and its intermittent cam is shown in Figure 2b. Figure 2c shows another intermittent cam, which is formed by cutting a small convex part (26) based on the raised part of the continuous cam, and is used to drive the valve to work intermittently.

The continuous cam shown in Figure 2a (rotating counterclockwise, the same below) and the intermittent cam shown in Figure 2b or 2c (rotating counterclockwise, the same below) are combined respectively. Together, it shows the working process of driving the valve to work in a compatible manner.

The continuous type cam shown in Figure 2a is combined with the intermittent type cam shown in Figure 2b, and the working process of the valve is: both the continuous type cam and the intermittent type cam enter the working section (26) (the lift of the raised part increases The large section is called the entering working section, the same below), all the valves are opened, and the exhaust starts. At the end of the exhaust gas discharge, the working section (26) of the intermittent cam exits (that is, the lift reduction section of the raised part exits) and enters the intersection of the raised part (26) and the raised part (27) , the intermittent working valve is closed; the exhaust gas is discharged from the valve port of the continuous working valve, and under the action of exhaust gas discharge inertia, when negative air pressure is formed in the cylinder, the convex part (27) of the intermittent cam enters into the In the working section, the intermittent working valve is opened, and the air enters from the valve port for scavenging. By the end of the air intake of the next working cycle, the working section (26) of the continuous cam and the intermittent cam exits (the exit of the lift reduction section of the convex part is called the exit of the working section, the same below) to exit) to continue Type and intermittent work valve closure.

The continuous cam shown in Figure 2a is combined with the intermittent cam shown in Figure 2c, the working process of the valve is as follows: the continuous cam enters the working section (26), the continuous working valve is opened, and the exhaust starts. Exhaust gas is discharged through the valve port of the valve that works continuously. Under the action of exhaust gas discharge inertia, when negative air pressure is formed in the cylinder, the convex part (26) of the intermittent cam enters into work, and the valve that works intermittently opens , enter the air from its air port for scavenging. When the air intake of the next working cycle ends, the working section (26) of the continuous cam and the intermittent cam exits, and the valves of the continuous and intermittent work are closed.

In order to prevent the continuous working valve from colliding with the piston, the height of the continuous cam lobe corresponding to the piston near the top dead center is appropriately reduced, and its profile is shown in Figure 2d: the dotted box The solid line shows the profile of the raised part (26) after the height has been reduced, and the dotted line shows the profile of the raised part (27) before the height is lowered, that is, the original profile of the raised part (27); for the convenience of observation and Understand, the content inside the dotted box is enlarged, as shown in Figure 2e. To meet the needs of scavenging, when there is an intake and exhaust passage in the cylinder head, a partition is arranged in the intake and exhaust passage; when there is a valve in the cylinder head, a driven partition is arranged in the intake and exhaust passage, and in the cylinder head When there is one intake and exhaust channel and one valve, a separator and a driven separator are arranged in the intake and exhaust channel.

There are two types of partitions, reciprocating and rotary, according to their operating forms. Reciprocating partitions are divided into vertical reciprocating type and horizontal reciprocating type according to the different running directions. The reciprocating partition (24) running in the up and down direction is called the vertical reciprocating partition, as shown in Figure 3a; As shown in Figure 3b; Figure 3c shows the cross-section of a part of the cylinder head at the dotted line X shown in Figure 3b, where the horizontally reciprocating partition (24) can reciprocate in the left and right directions on one side of the intake and exhaust passages (β) Shipped to separate the intake and exhaust channels (8).

Rotary baffles are generally not limited to the direction of rotation, and the specific rotation angle depends on the shape of the intake and exhaust passages. According to the direction of the rotating shaft, the rotating partition can be divided into two types: vertical rotating type and horizontal rotating type. The rotation axis of the vertical rotating partition (24) is in the up-down direction, and its structure is shown in Figure 3d, and the rotation axis of the horizontal rotating partition (24) is in the left-right or front-rear direction, and its structure is shown in Figure 3e.

According to the classification of the above-mentioned partitions, the "partition and driven partitions" only have one type of vertical rotation, and its structure is shown in Figure Id and Figure lk-lm. The partition in "Separator and driven partition" can only rotate with its axis as the center of circle, while the driven partition must not only rotate with the partition with its axis as the center of circle, but also closely cooperate with the partition (to ensure complete isolation of the intake and exhaust passages) up and down reciprocating movement with the opening and closing of the valve.

The working process of the dividing plate and the “dividing plate and driven dividing plate” will be described below by taking the working process of the horizontal rotating dividing plate and “the dividing plate and the driven dividing plate” as an example.

The working process of the separator is shown in Figure 4a - 4c.

As shown in Figure 4a: Exhaust gas is discharged through the intake and exhaust channels (8);

'As shown in Figure 4b: Before the scavenging, in order to scavenge the needs, the partition (24) rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow to separate the intake and exhaust passages (8) into the intake passage (22) and the intake and exhaust passage (23) ,make Exhaust gas is discharged through the intake and exhaust channels (23), while air enters the cylinder through the intake channel (22) for scavenging;

As shown in Figure 4c: After the scavenging is completed, the partition (24) rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow to restore the intake passage (22) and the intake and exhaust passages (23) to the intake and exhaust passages (8).

The working process of "diaphragm and driven diaphragm" is shown in Figure 4d - 4f (Figure 4d - 4f shows the cross-section of the cylinder head).

As shown in Figure 4d: Exhaust gas is discharged through the intake and exhaust channels (8);

As shown in Figure 4e: Before the scavenging, in order to scavenge the needs of the air, the "baffle (24) and the driven baffle (21)" rotate in the direction indicated by the arrow to divide the intake and exhaust channels (8) into the intake channels ( 22) and the intake and exhaust channels (23), so that the exhaust gas is discharged through the intake and exhaust channels (23), and the air enters the cylinder through the intake channel (22) for scavenging;

Shown in Fig. 4f: Scavenging ends, " dividing plate (24) and driven dividing plate (21),, by rotating, intake channel (22) and inlet and exhaust channel (23) are restored to intake and exhaust channel (8) .

The scavenging process has the following types: (Take a diesel engine as an example to illustrate)

A. When there are two intake and exhaust passages in the cylinder head, the scavenging gas enters the cylinder from one intake and exhaust passage, and then is discharged together with the exhaust gas through the other intake and exhaust passage to perform scavenging. There are three ways to realize it :

Using the valve to close the intake and exhaust passages that provide the scavenging gas, so that the exhaust gas is discharged through the intake and exhaust passages of the exhaust gas during scavenging, is the first implementation method, as shown in Figures 5a-5c.

As shown in Figure 5a: Before scavenging, in order to scavenge, the valve (9) will close the intake and exhaust passages (8) that provide the scavenging gas, so that the exhaust gas passes through the intake and exhaust passages ( 13) Discharge.

As shown in Figure 5b: Under the action of exhaust gas exhaust inertia, when a negative air pressure is formed in the cylinder, the valve (9) opens the intake and exhaust passages (8); the intake valve (7) opens, and the scavenging gas passes through the intake The exhaust passage (8) enters the cylinder, and then is discharged through the intake and exhaust passages (13) along with the exhaust gas for scavenging. As shown in Figure 5c: the scavenging is completed, the exhaust valve (14) is closed, the intake valve (11) is opened, and the internal combustion engine enters the intake state.

Closing the exhaust valves provided in the intake and exhaust passages that provide the scavenging gas, so that the exhaust gas is discharged through the intake and exhaust passages that discharge the gas during scavenging, is the second implementation, as shown in Figures 5d-5f.

As shown in Figure 5d: the exhaust valve (10) provided in the intake and exhaust passage (8) providing the scavenging gas is closed, so that the exhaust gas is discharged through the intake and exhaust passage (13) of the exhaust gas during scavenging.

As shown in Figure 5e: Under the action of exhaust gas exhaust inertia, when negative air pressure is formed in the cylinder, the intake valve (7) opens, and the air enters the cylinder through the intake and exhaust passages (8), and then passes through the exhaust gas during scavenging together with the exhaust gas. The intake and exhaust passages (13) are exhausted for scavenging.

As shown in Figure 5f: the scavenging is completed, the exhaust valve (14) is closed, the intake valve (11) is opened, and the internal combustion engine enters the intake state.

The third way is to not set exhaust valves in the intake and exhaust passages that provide the scavenging gas, so that the exhaust gas is discharged through the intake and exhaust passages for the exhaust gas during scavenging, as shown in Figure 5g-5i.

As shown in Figure 5g: there is no exhaust valve in the intake and exhaust channels (8) that provide the scavenging gas, and the exhaust gas is discharged from the exhaust gas through the intake and exhaust channels (13) that discharge the gas during scavenging.

As shown in Figure 5h: Under the action of exhaust gas discharge inertia, when negative air pressure is formed in the cylinder, the intake valve (7) opens, the air enters the cylinder through the intake and exhaust passages (8), and then passes through the exhaust gas during scavenging along with the exhaust gas. The intake and exhaust channels (8) are exhausted for scavenging.

As shown in Figure 5i: the scavenging is completed, the exhaust valve (14) is closed, the intake valve (11) is opened, and the internal combustion engine enters the intake state.

B. When there is an intake and exhaust passage in the cylinder head, before scavenging, for the need of scavenging, the partition or "partition and driven partition" divides the intake and exhaust passage into the intake passage and the intake and exhaust passage, The air for scavenging enters from the intake channel, and then is discharged through the intake and exhaust channels together with the exhaust gas to perform scavenging. The implementation of using the partition is shown in the above-mentioned Figures 4a-4c; Figure 5j-51 shows the implementation of using "the partition and the driven partition".

As shown in Figure 5j: before scavenging, for the needs of scavenging, "baffles (24) and driven baffles (21)" separate the intake and exhaust passages (8) into intake passages (22) and intake and exhaust passages ( 23), the exhaust gas is discharged through the inlet and outlet channels (23).

As shown in Figure 5k: Under the action of exhaust gas exhaust inertia, when negative air pressure is formed in the cylinder, the intake valve (7) opens, the air enters the cylinder through the intake passage (22), and is discharged together with the exhaust gas through the intake and exhaust passages (23). Perform purge.

As shown in Figure 51: After the scavenging is completed, the "baffle (24) and driven baffle (21)" restore the intake passage (22) and the intake and exhaust passage (23) to the intake and exhaust passage (8); the exhaust Valve (14) is closed, and internal combustion engine enters intake state.

When scavenging, the diesel engine provides the scavenging air through the intake port, and the gasoline engine provides the scavenging air through the specially set air passage.

(The source of the scavenging gas will be described below by taking a cylinder head with one intake and exhaust passage and two valves as an example)

The scavenging process of a diesel engine is shown in Figure 6a - 6c.

As shown in Fig. 6a: Before the scavenging, the separator (24) divides the intake and exhaust channels (8) into the intake channels (22) and the intake and exhaust channels (23) for the purpose of scavenging, so that the exhaust gas passes through the intake and exhaust channels ( 23) Exhaust.

As shown in Figure 6b: Under the action of exhaust gas exhaust inertia, when negative air pressure is formed in the cylinder, the intake valve (7) opens, the air enters the cylinder through the intake passage (22), and is discharged together with the exhaust gas through the intake and exhaust passages (23). Perform purge.

Shown in Figure 6c: after the scavenging is completed, the partition (24) restores the intake passage (22) and the intake and exhaust passage (23) to the intake and exhaust passage (8); the exhaust valve (14) is closed, and the internal combustion engine enters the intake air state.

The scavenging process of gasoline engine is shown in Figure 6d - 6f.

As shown in Fig. 6d: Before the scavenging, for the purpose of scavenging, the separator (24) separates the intake and exhaust channels (8) into the intake channels (22) and the intake and exhaust channels (23), so that the exhaust gas passes through the intake and exhaust channels ( 23) row out.

As shown in Figure 6e: Under the action of exhaust gas exhaust inertia, when negative air pressure is formed in the cylinder, the air valve (2) opens, and the air enters the cylinder from the air passage (1) through the intake passage (22), and then passes through the intake and exhaust passages together with the exhaust gas (23) discharge, carry out scavenging.

Shown in Figure 6f: the scavenging ends, the air valve (2) is closed, and the dividing plate (24) restores the intake passage (22) and the intake and exhaust passage (23) to the intake and exhaust passage (8); the exhaust valve (14 ) is closed, and the internal combustion engine enters the air intake state.

When the intake and exhaust valve check valves recover the fuel in the intake and exhaust channels, the gas pressure in the air channel is higher than the gas pressure in the recovery channel, and under the action of the gas pressure, the exhaust valve will open; the gas in the air channel will If the pressure is lower than the gas pressure of the recovery channel, the intake valve will open under the action of the gas pressure, so the intake and exhaust valves should be selected as cut-off valves to make the intake and exhaust channels a sealed space for recovery. The recovery process is carried out when the air valve and the intake and exhaust passages are closed before the end of the intake air and the exhaust of the next working cycle.

The recycling process of the cylinder head with two intake and exhaust channels is shown in Fig. 7a - 7b. As shown in Figure 7a: the air intake ends, the air valve (9), the air valve (12) and the collection valve (5) are closed, the air valve (2), the recovery valve (19) and the exhaust valve (10) are opened, [intake The valve (11) has been opened during air intake, and the exhaust valve (15) has been closed at the end of exhaust] Air enters the intake and exhaust passages (8) from the air passage (1), along with the intake and exhaust passages (8) and The fuel in the intake and exhaust channels (13) enters the intake system of the internal combustion engine through the recovery channel (20);

As shown in Figure 7b: after the recovery is completed, the air valve (2), the recovery valve (19) and the intake valve (11) are closed, and the exhaust valve (10) is still open to prepare for the exhausting needs of the next working cycle.

When there is no exhaust valve in the intake and exhaust passage (8) communicating with the air passage (1), when recycling, the shape of the air passage (1) should be processed so that the air in it can flow from the intake and exhaust passage (8) is discharged, and then enters the intake and exhaust channels (13) for a better effect, otherwise the fuel recovery in the intake and exhaust channels (8) is incomplete. Its recycling process is shown in Figure 7c-7d.

As shown in Figure 7c: the air intake ends, the air valve (9), the air valve (12) and the collection valve (5) are closed, The air valve (2) and recovery valve (19) are opened, [the intake valve (11) has been opened during air intake, and the exhaust valve (14) has been closed when the exhaust is finished] The air enters from the air passage (1) and is accompanied by the The fuel in the exhaust passage (13) enters the intake system of the internal combustion engine through the recovery passage (20);

As shown in Figure 7d: after the recovery is completed, the air valve (2), the recovery valve (19) and the intake valve (11) are closed to prepare for the exhausting needs of the next working cycle.

The recycling process of the cylinder head with one intake and exhaust channel is shown in Fig. 7e - 7f. . As shown in Figure 7e: the air intake ends, the air valve (9), the air valve (12) and the intake valve (7) are closed, the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) are opened, and the air enters from the air passage (1), Along with the fuel in the intake and exhaust channels (8), it enters the intake system of the internal combustion engine through the recovery channel (20); as shown in Figure 7f: the recovery is completed, and the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) are closed.

In the following, the air intake and exhaust processes of the five types of cylinder heads are respectively taken as examples to illustrate the gas distribution mechanism of the present invention which greatly reduces the intake and exhaust resistance.

There are two intake and exhaust passages (8 and 13) and two valves (9 and 12) in the cylinder head shown in Fig. 8a-8f, collection valve (5), intake valve (11), collection valve ( 15), exhaust valve (10), air valve (2) and recovery valve (19) are all cut-off valves.

Shown in Fig. 8a: air valve (9), air valve (12) and exhaust valve (14) are opened [exhaust valve (10) has been open state at the end of the recovery of last working cycle], [intake valve (7) , air intake valve (11), air valve (2) and recovery valve (19) are closed] waste gas is discharged through exhaust passage (17) through intake and exhaust passage (8) and intake and exhaust passage (13);

As shown in Figure 8b: the exhaust valve (10) is closed, so that the exhaust gas is discharged through the intake and exhaust channels (13) and the exhaust channel (17).

As shown in Figure 8c: Under the action of exhaust gas exhaust inertia, when negative air pressure is formed in the cylinder, the air valve (2) opens, and the air enters the cylinder from the air passage (1) through the intake and exhaust passages (8), and then passes through the intake and exhaust along with the exhaust gas. The air channel (13) is discharged through the exhaust channel (17) for scavenging.

As shown in Figure 8d: when the scavenging is over, the collection and discharge valve (15) and the air valve (2) are closed, the collection valve (5) and the intake valve (11) are opened, and the gas passes through the intake and exhaust from the intake passage (4) The channel (8) and the intake and exhaust channels (13) enter the cylinder, and the internal combustion engine enters the intake state. As shown in Figure 8e: air intake ends, air valve (9), air valve (12) and collection valve (5) are closed, exhaust valve (10), air valve (2) and recovery valve (19) are opened, and air flows from the air Passage (1) enters, along with the fuel in the intake and exhaust passage (8) and the intake and exhaust passage (13) enters the air intake system of the internal combustion engine through the recovery passage (20);

As shown in Figure 8f: the recovery is completed, and the intake valve (11), the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) are closed.

There are two intake and exhaust passages (8 and 13) and a valve (9) in the cylinder head shown in Fig. 9a-9f, device has driven dividing plate (21) on the valve (9), and collection valve (5) And intake valve (11), collection valve (15), exhaust valve (10), air valve (2) and recovery valve (19) are all cut-off valves.

As shown in Figure 9a: the air valve (9) and the collection and discharge valve (15) are opened [the exhaust valve (10) has been opened at the end of the recovery of the previous working cycle], the driven diaphragm (21) follows the air valve (9) The opening and moving downward, [collection valve (5), air intake valve (11), air valve (2) and recovery valve (19) are closed] exhaust gas passes through the intake and exhaust passages (8) and the intake and exhaust passages (13) Discharge through the exhaust duct (17);

As shown in Figure 9b: the exhaust valve (10) is closed, so that the exhaust gas is discharged through the intake and exhaust channels (13) and the exhaust channel (17).

As shown in Figure 9c: Under the action of exhaust gas exhaust inertia, when negative air pressure is formed in the cylinder, the air valve (2) opens, and the air enters the cylinder from the air passage (1) through the intake and exhaust passages (8), and then passes through the intake and exhaust along with the exhaust gas. The air channel (13) is discharged through the exhaust channel (17) for scavenging; as shown in Figure 9d: the scavenging is completed, the collection and discharge valve (15) and the air valve (2) are closed, and the collection valve (5) and the air intake The valve (11) is opened, and gas enters the cylinder from the intake passage (4) through the intake and exhaust passages (8) and the intake and exhaust passages (13), and the internal combustion engine enters the air intake state;

Shown in Fig. 9e: intake ends, air valve (9) and collection valve (5) are closed, and driven diaphragm (21) moves upwards with the closing of air valve (9), exhaust valve (10), air valve ( 2) and the recovery valve (19) are opened, the air enters from the air channel (1), and enters the intake system of the internal combustion engine through the recovery channel (20) along with the fuel in the intake and exhaust channels (8) and the intake and exhaust channels (13) ;

As shown in Figure 9f: the recovery is completed, the intake valve (11), the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) are closed close.

There is an intake and exhaust channel and two valves (9 and 12) in the cylinder head shown in Fig. 10a-10f, is provided with dividing plate (24) in the intake and exhaust channel, intake valve (7) and exhaust valve ( 14), air valve (2) and recovery valve (19) are all cut-off valves.

Shown in Fig. 10a: air valve (9), air valve (12) and exhaust valve (14) are opened, [inlet valve (7), air valve (2) and recovery valve (19) are closed] waste gas passes through intake and exhaust The channel (8) is discharged through the exhaust channel (17);

As shown in Figure 10b: before scavenging, for the needs of scavenging, the separator (24) divides the intake and exhaust passages (17) into intake passages (22) and exhaust passages (23), so that exhaust gas passes through the exhaust passages ( 23) Discharge through the exhaust duct (17);

As shown in Figure 10c: Under the action of exhaust gas exhaust inertia, when negative air pressure is formed in the cylinder, the air valve (2) opens, and the air enters the cylinder from the air passage (1) through the intake passage (22), and then passes through the exhaust passage along with the exhaust gas (23) is discharged through the exhaust duct (17) for scavenging.

Shown in Figure 10d: when the scavenging is finished, the separator (24) restores the intake passage (22) and the exhaust passage (23) to the intake and exhaust passage (17), the exhaust valve (14) and the air valve (2) closed, the intake valve (7) is opened, the gas enters the cylinder from the intake passage (4) through the intake and exhaust passages (8), and the internal combustion engine enters the intake state.

As shown in Figure 10e: the air intake ends, the air valve (9), the air valve (12) and the intake valve (7) are closed, the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) are opened, and the air enters from the air channel (1), accompanied by The fuel in the intake and exhaust channels (8) enters the intake system of the internal combustion engine through the recovery channel (20); as shown in Figure 10f: the recovery is completed, and the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) are closed.

In the cylinder head shown in Fig. 11a-llf, there is an intake and exhaust passage (8) and a valve (9), and the intake and exhaust passage (8) is provided with " dividing plate (24) and driven dividing plate (21) ", intake valve (7) and exhaust valve (14), air valve (2) and recovery valve (19) are all cut-off valves.

Shown in Fig. 11a: air valve (9) and exhaust valve (14) are opened, driven diaphragm (21) moves down with the opening of air valve (9), exhaust gas passes through intake and exhaust channel (8) through exhaust channel (17) discharge; As shown in Figure 1b: Before sweeping, for the needs of sweeping, " dividing plate (24) and driven dividing plate (21),; the intake and exhaust passage (17) is divided into an intake passage (22) and an exhaust passage (23), so that exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust passage (23) through the exhaust passage (17);

As shown in Figure 11c: Under the action of exhaust gas exhaust inertia, when negative air pressure is formed in the cylinder, the air valve (2) opens, and the air enters the cylinder from the air passage (1) through the intake passage (22), and then passes through the exhaust passage along with the exhaust gas (23) is discharged through the exhaust duct (17) for scavenging.

Shown in figure lid: After the scavenging is finished, the "baffle (24) and the driven baffle (21)" restore the intake passage (22) and the exhaust passage (23) to the intake and exhaust passage (17), and the exhaust The valve (14) and the air valve (2) are closed, the intake valve (7) is opened, the gas enters the cylinder from the intake channel (4) through the intake and exhaust channels (8), and the internal combustion engine enters the intake state.

Shown in Fig. 1ie: air intake ends, air valve (9) and intake valve (7) are closed, and driven partition (21) moves upwards with the closing of air valve (9), air valve (2) and recovery valve (19 ) is opened, air enters from the air passage (1), and enters the intake system of the internal combustion engine through the recovery passage (20) along with the fuel in the intake and exhaust passages (8);

Shown in Figure 11f: recovery finishes, and air valve (2) and recovery valve (19) are closed.

There are two intake and exhaust passages (8 and 13) and two valves (9 and 12) in the cylinder head shown in Figure 12a-12e, in order to facilitate scavenging, no exhaust valve is set in the intake and exhaust passages (8) , it is not the collection and discharge valve that controls the exhaust process, but the exhaust valve (14); the collection valve (5) and the intake valve (11), the collection and discharge valve (15), the air valve (2) and the recovery valve ( 19) are cut-off valves.

Shown in Fig. 12a: air valve (9), air valve (12) and exhaust valve (14) are opened, and [gathering valve (5), intake valve (11), air valve (2) and recovery valve (19) are closed A] Exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust passage (13) through the exhaust passage (17);

As shown in Figure 12b: Under the action of exhaust gas exhaust inertia, when negative air pressure is formed in the cylinder, the air valve (2) opens, and the air enters the cylinder from the air passage (1) through the intake and exhaust passages (8), and then passes through the intake and exhaust along with the exhaust gas. The air channel (13) is discharged through the exhaust channel (17) for scavenging.

As shown in Figure 12c: the scavenging is completed, the exhaust valve (14) and the air valve (2) are closed, the inlet valve (5) and the intake valve (11) are opened, and the gas passes through the intake and exhaust from the intake passage (4) The passage and the intake and exhaust passages enter the cylinder, and the internal combustion engine enters the intake state. As shown in Figure 12d: the air intake ends, the air valve (9), the air valve (12) and the collection valve (S) are closed, the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) are opened, and the air enters from the air channel (1), accompanied by The fuel in the intake and exhaust channels (13) enters the intake system of the internal combustion engine through the recovery channel (20); as shown in Figure 12e: the recovery is completed, the intake valve (11), the air valve (2) and the recovery valve (19) are closed .

Claims (10)

1. 

   1. a kind of cylinder head of the valve actuating mechanism of internal combustion engine, described cylinder head includes valve, air intake duct and exhaust duct, it is characterised in that：The cylinder head has hierarchy, and lower floor includes valve；Middle level separates the recovery approach of the air duct and right part that have left part by cylinder cover, is carried wherein in air duct and recovery valve is provided with air valve, recovery approach；Upper strata includes the air intake duct of left part and the exhaust duct of right part, is provided with wherein in air intake duct in intake valve, exhaust duct and is provided with air bleeding valve, and air inlet is formed with the middle, public intake and exhaust channel is vented.

   2. a kind of cylinder head of the valve actuating mechanism of internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Cylinder head includes an intake and exhaust channel, dividing plate is provided with intake and exhaust channel, cylinder head includes being provided with from dynamic dividing plate in a valve, intake and exhaust channel, cylinder head includes an intake and exhaust channel and a valve, and intake and exhaust channel is provided with dividing plate and from dynamic dividing plate.

   3. a kind of cylinder head of the valve actuating mechanism of internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：The intake and exhaust channel is the shared pathway of inlet and outlet, and valve port is the port of intake and exhaust channel cylinder end；Air duct is communicated with intake and exhaust channel, and the first air valve and the second air valve are provided with air duct, and the first air valve is stop valve, and the air valve of the mat woven of fine bamboo strips two is check-valves；Air duct is bypassed air through in scavenging with unlatching when reclaiming the fuel in the first entering and exhaust channel and the second entering and exhaust channel, and remaining time closes；Recovery approach is communicated with intake and exhaust channel, the first recovery valve and the second recovery valve are provided with recovery approach, the recovery valve of the mat woven of fine bamboo strips one is check-valves, and the second recovery valve is stop valve, recovery approach is to unlatching before the exhaust of next working cycles after valve-closing, and remaining time closes.

   4. a kind of cylinder head of the valve actuating mechanism of internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Terminate in air inlet to the exhaust of next working cycles, air valve and recovery valve respectively open air duct and recovery approach, the air for making fuel in entering and exhaust channel enter in company with air duct enters the gas handling system of internal combustion engine by recovery approach, then with Gas ^^ with gas handling system is burnt into cylinder.

   5. a kind of cylinder head of the valve actuating mechanism of internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Intake valve（And intake valve 7)（11) it is respectively interposed between air intake duct (4) and intake and exhaust channel (8) and air intake duct (4) and intake and exhaust channel (13), and controls the intake process of corresponding intake and exhaust channel respectively；Air bleeding valve（And air bleeding valve 10)（14) it is respectively interposed between exhaust duct (17) and intake and exhaust channel (8) and exhaust duct (17) and intake and exhaust channel (13), and controls the exhaust process of corresponding intake and exhaust channel respectively；Collect and be arranged at into valve (5) between air intake duct (4) and intake and exhaust channel (8) and entering and exhaust channel (13)；Collect valve（15) it is arranged between exhaust passage (17) and intake and exhaust channel (8) and intake and exhaust channel (13)；Intake valve（11) select is stop valve.

   6. a kind of cylinder head of the valve actuating mechanism of internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：During inlet and outlet, valve is always on or valve is opened at times or partial valve is always on, and the valve of remainder is opened at times.

   7. a kind of valve actuating mechanism of internal combustion engine, including cylinder head and valve actuator, described cylinder head includes valve, air intake duct and exhaust duct, and the valve of cylinder head is located at the top of the piston of cylinder interior, valve actuator is connected with the valve on cylinder, it is characterised in that：The cylinder head has hierarchy, and lower floor includes valve；Middle level separates the recovery approach of the air duct and right part that have left part by cylinder cover, is carried wherein in air duct and recovery valve is provided with air valve, recovery approach；Upper strata includes the air intake duct of left part and the exhaust duct of right part, and intake valve is provided with wherein in air intake duct, and air bleeding valve is provided with exhaust, and air inlet is formed with the middle, public intake and exhaust channel is vented.

   8. a kind of valve actuating mechanism of internal combustion engine as claimed in claim, it is characterised in that：The valve actuator is Electromagnetic Valve Actuation, i.e. EVA, or is the horse area motivation structure with valve cam.

   9. a kind of valve actuating mechanism of internal combustion engine as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that：The valve cam that valve actuator is worked for driving valve with continuous schedule, it is γ+360 to drive the crank angle corresponding to the opening time of valve.+β;Or valve actuator for the valve cam that is worked with intermittent type of driving valve to drive the distribution that valve is worked with continuous schedule Cut to cut based on the bossing of cam and have small projection, it is corresponding with the opening-closing process of valve；Or valve actuator is that continuous schedule cam and intermittent type cam are combined, to drive valve to be worked with Campatible.

   10. a kind of method for the valve actuating mechanism for realizing above-mentioned internal combustion engine, it is characterized in that：Inlet and outlet valve is set in cylinder head, distributional effects is risen to inlet and outlet air-flow, valve only seals to the compression process of internal combustion engine compression travel and the work of expansion space stroke, during inlet and outlet, valve port can be all turned on all or as far as possible, to increase inlet and outlet circulation area, reduce intake and exhaust resistance；Set air duct to be communicated with intake and exhaust channel, to provide scavenging gas, make any internal combustion engine can be with scavenging.