WO2004046128A1 - New bicyclic angiotensin ii agonists - Google Patents

Abstract

There is provided compounds of formula (I), wherein R1a, R1b, n, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Z1, Z2, R2 and R3 have meanings given in the description, and pharmaceutically-acceptable salts thereof, which compounds are useful as selective agonists of the AT2 receptor, and thus, in particular, in the treatment of inter alia gastrointestinal conditions, such as dyspepsia, IBS and MOF, and cardiovascular disorders.

Description

NEW BICYCLIC ANGIOTENSI II AGONISTS

Field of the Invention

This invention relates to novel pharmaceutically-useful compounds, in particular compounds that are angiotensin II (Angll) agonists, more particularly agonists of the Angll type 2 receptor (hereinafter the AT2 receptor), and especially agonists that bind selectively to that receptor. The invention further relates to the use of such compounds as medicaments, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and to synthetic routes to their production.

Background and Prior Art

The endogenous hormone Angll is a linear octapeptide (Asp -Arg -Val - Tyr⁴-Ile⁵-His⁶-Pro⁷-Phe⁸), and is the active component of the renin- angiotensin system (RAS). It is produced by the sequential processing of the pro-hormone angiotensinogen by renin and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE).

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure, body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Ang II exerts these physiological actions in many organs including the kidneys, the adrenal glands, the heart, blood vessels, the brain, the gastrointestinal tract and the reproductive organs (de Gasparo et al, Pharmacol. Rev. (2000) 52, 415-472).

Two main classes of Angll receptors have been identified, and designated as the type 1 receptor (hereinafter the ATI receptor) and the AT2 receptor. The ATI receptor is expressed in most organs, and is believed to be responsible for the majority of the biological effects of Angll. The AT2 receptor is more prevalent than the ATI receptor in fetal tissues, the adult ovaries, the adrenal medulla and the pancreas. An equal distribution is reported in the brain and uterus (Ardaillou, J. Am. Soc. Nephrol, 10, S30-39 (1999)).

Several studies in adult individuals appear to demonstrate that, in the modulation of the response following Angll stimulation, activation of the AT2 receptor has opposing effects to those mediated by the ATI receptor.

The AT2 receptor has also been shown to be involved in apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation (see de Gasparo et al, supra). Further, it seems to play a role in blood pressure control. For example, it has been shown in transgenic mice lacking AT2 receptors that their blood pressure was elevated. Furthermore, it has been concluded that the AT2 receptor is involved in exploratory behaviour, pain sensitivity and thermoregulation.

The expression of AT2 receptors has also been shown to increase during pathological circumstances, such as vascular injury, wound healing and heart failure (see de Gasparo et al, supra).

The expected pharmacological effects of agonism of the AT2 receptor are described generally in de Gasparo et al, supra.

More recently, AT2 receptor agonists have been shown to be of potential utility in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of disorders of the alimentary tract, such as dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome, as well as multiple organ failure (see international patent application WO 99/43339). International patent application WO 00/68226 and US patent number 6,235,766 disclose compounds comprising substituted imidazolyl groups, which groups are attached, via a methylene bridge, to a phenylthiophene moiety, as agonists of angiotensin-(l-7) receptors. International patent application WO 02/072569 discloses similar compounds as agonists of the same receptors. International patent application WO 01/44239 discloses biphenylsulfonamide compounds as combined angiotensin and endothelin receptor antagonists. The use of the compounds as Ang II receptor agonists is neither mentioned nor suggested in any of these documents.

Angll antagonists (which bind to the ATI and/or AT2 receptors) have been disclosed in inter alia European patent applications EP 409 332, EP 512 675, EP 516 392, EP 542 059 and EP 624 583; international patent applications WO 92/20662, WO 93/01177, WO 94/27597, WO 94/02142, WO 95/23792 and WO 94/03435; and US patent numbers 5,091,390, 5,177,074, 5,412,097, 5,250,521, 5,260,285, 5,262,412, 5,376,666, 5,252,574, 5,312,820, 5,330,987, 5,166,206, 5,932,575, 5,240,928 and 6,235,766. Angll agonists, and particularly AT2 receptor agonists, are not contemplated in any of these documents.

Peptide and non-peptide AT2 receptor agonists, unrelated structurally to those described herein, and potential uses thereof, have been disclosed in, for example, international patent applications WO 00/38676, WO 00/56345, WO 00/09144, WO 99/58140, WO 99/52540, WO 99/46285, WO 99/45945, WO 99/42122, WO 99/40107, WO 99/40106, WO 99/39743, WO 99/26644, WO 98/33813, WO 00/02905 and WO 99/46285; US patent number 5,834,432; and Japanese patent application JP 143695.

US patent number 5,444,067 discloses compounds comprising a 5,7- dimethyl-2-ethylpyridinoimidazolyl group attached, via a methylene bridge, to a phenylthiophene moiety, as Angll agonists. Further, international patent application WO 02/96883 discloses compounds comprising certain monocyclic heterocyclic groups attached, via a methylene bridge, to substituted phenylthiophene and biphenyl moieties. The compounds disclosed therein are indicated as Angll agonists and in particular as selective AT2 receptor agonists.

However, there remains a need for effective and/or selective AT2 receptor agonists, which are expected to find utility in inter alia the above- mentioned conditions.

Disclosure of the Invention

According to the invention there is provided a compound of formula I,

wherein n represents 0 or 1; R^la and R^lb independently represent H,

alkyl, -₆ alkoxy-Cι-₆ alkyl, Ar¹, Het¹, C_w alkyl-(Ar²)_m, C,_₃ alkyl-Het², Cμ₃ alkoxy-Ar³ or Cι-₃ alkoxy- Het³, or R^la and R^lb may together form a C₄.₆ alkylene group or a -(CH₂)_m-X-(CH₂)₂- group; m represents, at each occurrence, 1 or 2;

Ar¹, Ar² and Ar³ each independently represent a C₆.₁₀ aryl group, which group is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from =0, -OH, cyano, halo, nitro, Cμe alkyl (optionally teirninated by -N(H)C(0)OR^lla), Cj.₆ alkoxy, phenyl, -N(R^12a)R^12b, -C(0)R^12c, -C(0)OR^12d, -C(0)N(R^12e)R^I2f, -N(R^12g)C(0)R^12h, -N(R¹²ⁱ)C(0)N(R^12j)R^12k, -N(R^12m)S(0)₂R^llb, -S(0)_pR^llc, -OS(0)₂R^ild and -S(0)₂N(R¹²ⁿ)R^12p; Het¹, Het² and Het³ each independently represent a four- to twelve- membered heterocyclic group containing one or more heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and/or sulfur, which heterocycHc group is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from =0, -OH, cyano, halo, nitro, C,-₆ alkyl (optionally terminated by -N(H)C(0)OR^lla), C^ alkoxy, phenyl, -N(R^12a)R^12b, -C(0)R^12c, -C(0)OR^12d, -C(0)N(R^12e)R^12f, -N(R^12g)C(0)R^I2h, -N(R¹²ⁱ)C(0)N(R^12j)R^12k, -N(R^12m)S(0)₂R^llb, -S(0)_pR^llc, -OS(0)₂R^lld and -S(0)₂N(R¹²ⁿ)R^12p;

R^{l la} to R^{l ld} independently represent -β alkyl; R^12a to R^12p independently represent H or Cι-₆ alkyl; p represents 0, 1 or 2; X represents O, S or N(R¹³); R represents Cμ₄ alkyl;

Y], Y₂, Y₃ and Y₄ independently represent -CH- or -CF-; Z, represents -CH-, -0-, -S-, -N- or -CH=CH-; Z₂ represents -CH-, -O-, -S- or -N-; provided that: (a) Z] and Z₂ are not the same;

(b) when Zi represents -CH=CH-, then Z₂ may only represent -CH- or -N-; and

(c) other than in the specific case in which Zi represents -CH=CH-, and Z₂ represents -CH-, when one of Z_\ and Z₂ represents -CH-, then the other represents -O- or -S-; R² represents -S(0)₂N(H)C(0)R⁴, -S(0)₂N(H)S(0)₂R⁴, -C(0)N(H)S(0)₂R⁴, or, when Z_! represents -CH=CH-, R² may represent -N(H)S(0)₂N(H)C(0)R⁵ or -N(H)C(0)N(H)S(0)₂R⁵; R³ represents -β alkyl, -₆ alkoxy, C^ alkoxy-Cι-₆-alkyl or di~Cι_₃- alkylamino-C₁-₄-alkyl;

R⁴ represents C .₆ alkyl, Cι-₆ alkoxy, Cι.₆ alkoxy-Cι.₆-alkyl,

Cμ₆-alkoxy, Cμ₆ alkylamino or di-C^g alkylamino; and R⁵ represents -₆ alkyl, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, which compounds and salts are referred to together hereinafter as "the compounds of the invention".

Pharmaceutically-acceptable salts include acid addition salts and base addition salts. Such salts may be formed by conventional means, for example by reaction of a free acid or a free base form of a compound of the invention with one or more equivalents of an appropriate acid or base, optionally in a solvent, or in a medium in which the salt is insoluble, followed by removal of said solvent, or said medium, using standard techniques (e.g. in vacuo or by freeze-drying). Salts may also be prepared by exchanging a counter-ion of a compound of the invention in the form of a salt with another counter-ion, for example using a suitable ion exchange resin.

Unless otherwise specified, alkyl and alkylene groups, and the alkyl parts of alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkoxy, alkylamino, alkylaminoalkyl, alkyl-aryl, alkyl-heterocyclic groups, alkoxy-aryl and alkoxy-heterocyclic groups, as defined herein may be straight-chain or, when there is a sufficient number (i.e. a minimum of two or three, as appropriate) of carbon atoms, be branched-chain, and/or cyclic. Further, when there is a sufficient number (i.e. a minimum of four) of carbon atoms, such groups may also be part cyclic/acyclic. Such alkyl and alkylene groups, and alkyl parts of alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxyalkoxy, alkylamino, alkylaminoalkyl, alkyl-aryl, alkyl- heterocyclic, alkoxy-aryl and alkoxy-heterocyclic groups may also be saturated or, when there is a sufficient number (i.e. a minimum of two) of carbon atoms, be unsaturated. Unless otherwise specified, such groups may also be substituted by one or more halo, and especially fluoro, atoms.

For the avoidance of doubt, alkoxy and alkoxyalkoxy groups are attached to the rest of the molecule via the/an oxygen atom in that group, alkylamino groups are attached to the rest of the molecule via the nitrogen atom of the amino part of that group, alkoxyalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, alkyl-aryl and alkyl- heterocyclic groups are attached to the rest of the molecule via the alkyl part of that group, and alkoxy-aryl and alkoxy-heterocyclic groups are attached to the rest of the molecule via the alkyl part of the alkoxy part of that group.

The term "halo", when used herein, includes fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo.

For the avoidance of doubt, in cases in which the identity of two or more substituents in a compound of the invention (for example R^la and R^lb) may be the same, the actual identities of the respective substituents are not in any

1 IK way interdependent. For example, in the situation in which R and R both represent Cμ₆ alkyl groups, the two alkyl groups in question may be the same or different. Similarly, when aryl and heterocyclic groups are substituted by more than one substituent as defined herein, the identities of the individual substituents are not to be regarded as being interdependent. Further, when R^la and/or R^lb represent C₂-₃ alkyl-(Ar²)_m, either or both of the Ar² substituents may be attached to any carbon atom in the alkyl chain. -io aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl and the like (preferably phenyl). Preferred optional substituents on aromatic groups include ..₃ alkyl groups (such as methyl) or Cι_₃ alkoxy groups.

Het (Het¹ to Het³) groups that may be mentioned include those containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms (selected from the group oxygen, nitrogen and/or sulfur) and in which the total number of atoms in the ring system are between five and twelve. Het (Het¹ to Het³) groups may be fully saturated, wholly aromatic, partly aromatic and/or bicyclic in character. Heterocyclic groups that may be mentioned include benzodioxanyl, benzodioxepanyl, benzodioxolyl, benzofuranyl, benzofurazanyl, benzimidazolyl, benzomorpholinyl, benzothiophenyl, chromanyl, cinnolinyl, dioxanyl, furanyl, hydantoinyl, imidazolyl, imidazo[l,2-α]pyridinyl, indolyl, isoquinolinyl, isoxazolyl, maleimido, morpholinyl, oxazolyl, phthalazinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, purinyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimindinyl, pyrrolidinonyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, 3-sulfolenyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetiahydrofuranyl, thiazolyl, thiophenyl, thiochromanyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl and the like. Values of Het¹ that may be mentioned include thiophenyl, furanyl, pyridinyl and thiazolyl. Values of Het² that may be mentioned include pyridinyl, furanyl, thiophenyl and thiazolyl. Values of Het³ that may be mentioned include pyridinyl.

Substituents on Het (Het¹ to Het³) groups may, where appropriate, be located on any atom in the ring system including a heteroatom. The point of attachment of Het (Het¹ to Het³) groups may be via any atom in the ring system including (where appropriate) a heteroatom, or an atom on any fused carbocyclic ring that may be present as part of the ring system. Het (Het¹ to Het³) groups may also be in the N- or *-?-oxidised form. Preferred ring systems comprising the substituents Y_l5 Y₂, Y₃ and Y₄ include phenyl groups. For the avoidance of doubt, the ring systems in compounds of formula I that comprise the groups Zi and Z₂, are aromatic in nature. In some instances, for example in cases where one or more of Zj and Z₂ represent -CH- or -N- the skilled person will appreciate that an additional H atom may necessarily be bonded to that CH group or N atom, in order to ensure that the rules of valency are adhered to. Preferred ring systems comprising Z_! and Z₂ include oxazole groups, thiazole groups, phenyl groups, pyridinyl groups, thiophenyl groups and furanyl groups.

In this respect, compounds of the invention may exhibit tautomerism. All tautomeric forms and mixtures thereof are included within the scope of the invention.

Compounds of the invention also contain one or more asymmetric carbon atoms and may therefore exhibit optical and/or diastereoisomerism. Diastereoisomers may be separated using conventional techniques, e.g. chromatography or fractional crystallisation. The various stereoisomers may be isolated by separation of a racemic or other mixture of the compounds using conventional, e.g. fractional crystallisation or HPLC, techniques. Alternatively the desired optical isomers may be made by reaction of the appropriate optically active starting materials under conditions which will not cause racemisation or epimerisation, or by derivatisation, for example with a homochiral acid followed by separation of the diastereomeric derivatives by conventional means (e.g. HPLC, chromatography over silica). All stereoisomers are included within the scope of the invention.

Compounds of the invention that may be mentioned include those in which: when R^la and R^lb independently represent Cι_₃ alkyl-(Ar²)_m, then m represents 1; when R^la and R^lb together represent a -(CH2)_m-X-(CH2)₂- group, then m represents 2.

Preferred compounds of the invention include those in which:

R^la represents H, Cι_₆ alkyl, Ar¹, Het¹ or Cι_₃ alkyl-(Ar²)_m, or together with

R^lb represents -(CH₂)_m-X-(CH₂)₂-;

R^lb represents H, C₃.₆ alkyl or ._ alkyl-(Ar²)_m, or together with R^la represents -(CH₂)_m-X-(CH₂)₂-;

Ar¹ represents phenyl, optionally substituted by one or more substituents as defined herein, for example a Cι_₆ alkyl group;

Het¹ represents a five- or six-membered heterocyclic group containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen and or sulfur atoms, optionally substitued by one or more substituents as defined herein;

Ar² represents phenyl, optionally substituted by one or more substituents as defined herein;

X represents O or S; n represents 1; Y_l5 Y₂, Y₃ and Y₄ all represent -CH-;

Z_\ represents -CH=CH- or, especially,-S-;

Z₂ represents -CH-;

R² represents -S(0)₂N(H)C(0)R⁴;

R represents ti-butyl or, particularly, ώO-butyl; R represents #-butyl, /t-butoxymethyl, wo-butoxy and, especially, n- butoxy.

When R² represents -S(0)₂N(H)C(0)R⁴, preferred values of R⁴ include n- butoxymethyl, wo-butoxy and, especially, π-butoxy. More preferred compounds of the invention include those in which: R^la represents H, C_w alkyl (such as methyl, ethyl, butyl (e.g. n-butyl) or hexyl (e.g. n-hexyl)), phenyl substituted by Cμ₃ alkyl (such as 4- methylphenyl), thiazolyl, benzyl or dibenzyl, or together with R^lb represents -(CH₂)_m-X-(CH₂)₂- (such as -(CH₂)₂-0-(CH₂)₂ or -(CH₂)-S-(CH₂)₂);

R^lb represents H, Cμ₃ alkyl (such as methyl or ethyl) or benzyl, or together with R^la represents -(CH₂)_m-X-(CH2)₂-.

Further preferred compounds of the invention include those in which: R^la represents H or Cι_₃ alkyl, such as methyl; R^lb represents H or C₁.₃ alkyl, such as methyl.

More preferred compounds of the invention include the compounds of the examples described hereinafter.

Compounds of formula I may be made in accordance with techniques well known to those skilled in the art, for example as described hereinafter.

According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a process for the preparation of a compound of formula I, which process comprises:

(i) for compounds of formula I in which R² represents -S(0)₂N(H)C(0)R⁴ or -S(0)₂N(H)S(0)₂R⁴, and R⁴ is as hereinbefore defined, reaction of a compound of formula II,

wherein R^la, R^lb, n, Yi, Y₂, Y₃, Y₄, Z_1? Z₂ and R are as hereinbefore defined with a compound of formula III,

R⁴GL ^! III

wherein G represents C(O) or S(0)₂ (as appropriate), L¹ represents a suitable leaving group, such as halo (e.g. chloro or bromo) and R⁴ is as hereinbefore defined, for example at around room temperature or above (e.g. up to 60-70°C) in the presence of a suitable base (e.g. pyrrolidinopyridine, pyridine, triethylamine, tributylamine, trimethylamine, dimethylaminopyridine, di-wo-propylamine, 1 ,8-diazabicyclo[5 AOjundec- 7-ene, sodium hydroxide, or mixtures thereof) and an appropriate solvent (e.g. pyridine, dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, trifluoromethylbenzene or triethylamine). Preferred base/solvent systems for compounds of formula III in which G is C(O) include pyrrolidinopyridine/pyridine, pyrrolidinopyridine/triethylamine, dimethylaminopyridine/pyridine, triethylamine/dichloromethane or dimethylaminopyridine/triethylamine. Preferred base/solvent systems for compounds of formula III in which G is S(0)₂ include NaOH/THF; (ii) for compounds of formula I in which R² represents -S(0)₂N(H)C(0)R⁴ and R⁴ represents C_μ6 alkoxy- -e-alkyl, coupling of a compound of formula II as hereinbefore defined with a compound of formula IV,

R^4aC0₂H IV

wherein R^4a represents Cι-₆ alkoxy-Cι.₆-alkyl, for example under similar conditions to those described under process step (i) above, in the presence of a suitable coupling reagent (e.g. l,r-carbonyl-diimidazole, NJ - dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, l-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, N-ΛT-disuccinimidyl carbonate, benzotriazole-1- yloxytris(dimethylamino)phosphoniumhexafluorophosphate, 2-( 1 H- benzotriazole- 1 -yl)- 1 , 1 ,3 ,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, benzotriazole- 1 -yl-oxy-tris-pyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, bromo-tris-pyrrolidinophosponium hexafluorophosphate or 2-(lH- benzotriazole-l-yl)-l,l,3,3-tetrarnethyluronium tetrafluorocarbonate), a suitable base (as mentioned in process step (i) above) and an appropriate solvent (as mentioned in process step (i) above);

(iii) for compounds of formula I in which R² represents -C(0)Ν(H)S(0)₂R⁴ and R⁴ is as hereinbefore defined, coupling of a compound of formula V,

wherein R^la, R^lb, n, Y Y₂, Y₃, Y₄, Zi, Z₂ and R³ are as hereinbefore defined with a compound of formula VI,

R⁴S(0)₂NH₂ VI

wherein R⁴ is as hereinbefore defined, for example in the presence of a suitable coupling reagent (such as those described in process step (ii) hereinbefore), and under similar reaction conditions to those described hereinbefore for preparation of compounds of formula I in which R⁴ represents Cμ₆ alkoxy-Cι-₆-alkyl;

(iv) for compounds of formula I in which R represents -C(0)N(H)S(0)₂R and R⁴ is as hereinbefore defined, coupling of a compound of formula VII,

wherein R^la, R^lb, n, Yi, Y₂, Y₃, Y-u Z_l5 Z₂ and R³ are as hereinbefore defined with a compound of formula VIII,

R⁴S(0)₂C1 VIII wherein R⁴ is as hereinbefore defined, for example at around 50°C in the presence of a suitable base (e.g. sodium hydride) and an appropriate organic solvent (e.g. THF);

(v) for compounds of formula I in which R² represents -N(H)S(0)₂N(H)C(0)R⁵ and R⁵ is as hereinbefore defined, reaction of a compound of formula IX,

wherein R^la, R^lb, n, Y], Y₂, Y₃, Y , Z_l5 Z₂ and R³ are as hereinbefore defined with a compound of formula X,

R⁵C(0)N(H)S(0)₂C1 X

wherein R⁵ is as hereinbefore defined, for example at or around room temperature in the presence of a suitable base (e.g. sodium hydroxide or triethylamine) and a suitable organic solvent (e.g. benzene or dichloromethane);

(vi) for compounds of formula I in which R² represents -N(H)C(0)N(H)S(0)₂R⁵ and R⁵ is as hereinbefore defined, reaction of a compound of formula IX as hereinbefore defined with a compound of formula XI,

R⁵S(0)₂N(H)C(0)OR^x XI

wherein R^x represents Cι_₂ alkyl and R⁵ is as hereinbefore defined, for example at or around room temperature in the presence of a suitable organic solvent (e.g. dichloromethane);

(vii) for compounds of formula I in which R² represents -N(H)C(0)N(H)S(O)₂R⁵ and R⁵ is as hereinbefore defined, reaction of a compound of formula IX as hereinbefore defined with an isocyanate compound of formula XII,

R⁵S(0)₂NCO XII

wherein R⁵ is as hereinbefore defined, for example at or around room temperature in the presence of a suitable organic solvent (e.g. dichloromethane) ;

(viii) for compounds of formula I in which R represents -S(0)₂N(H)C(0)R⁴ and R⁴ represents Cι-₆ alkylamino, reaction of a compound of formula II as hereinbefore defined with an isocyanate compound of formula XIII,

R^4bNCO XIII

wherein R^4b is Cι-₆ alkyl, for example at or around room temperature in the presence of a suitable base (e.g. sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide and an appropriate organic solvent (e.g. acetone or acetonitrile); (ix) for compounds of formula I in which R² represents -S(0)₂N(H)C(0)R⁴ and R⁴ represents di-Cι-₆ alkylamino, reaction of a corresponding compound of formula I in which R² represents -S(0)₂N(H)C(0)R⁴ and R⁴ represents Cι-₆ alkoxy with an amine of formula XIV,

R^4cN(H)R^4d XrV

wherein R^4c and R^4d independently represent -₆ alkyl, for example at above room temperature (e.g. at between 70°C and 100°C) in the presence of an appropriate organic solvent (e.g. toluene); or

(x) reaction of a compound of formula XV,

wherein n, Yι, Y₂, Y₃, Y₄, Zι, Z₂, R and R are as hereinbefore defined with a compound of formula XVI,

R^laN(H)R^lb XVI

wherein R^la and R^lb are as hereinbefore defined, for example under similar conditions to those described in process step (ii) above. Alternatively, compounds of formula XV may first be activated by treatment with a suitable reagent (e.g. oxalyl chloride, thionyl chloride, etc) in an appropriate solvent (e.g. dichloromethane, dimethylformamide or benzene), resulting in the formation of the respective acyl chloride. This activated intermediate may then be reacted with a compound of formula XVI in the presence of a suitable base and an appropriate solvent (such as those described hereinbefore in respect of process step (i) above).

Compounds of formula V may be prepared by oxidation of a compound of formula XVII,

wherein R^la, R^lb, n, Y_la Y₂, Y₃, Y , Z Z₂ and R³ are as hereinbefore defined, for example under standard oxidation conditions in the presence of a suitable oxidising agent, such as potassium permanganate or chromium (VI) oxide.

Compounds of formulae II, VII, IX and XVII may be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula XVIII, XVIII

wherein L² represents a suitable leaving group, such as trimethylsulphonate, or halo, such as iodo or bromo, and R , R , n, Yi, Y₂, Y₃ and Y₄ are as hereinbefore defined, with a compound of formula XIX,

wherein R^y represents -S0₂NH₂, (in the case of a compound of formula II), -CONH₂ (in the case of a compound of formula VII), -NH₂ (in the case of a compound of formula IX), or -CHO (in the case of a compound of formula

XVII) and R³, Z¹ and Z² are as hereinbefore defined, or a protected derivative thereof, for example in the presence of an appropriate coupling catalyst system (e.g. a palladium catalyst, such as Pd(PPh₃)₄ or Pd(OAc) /ligand (wherein the ligand may be, for example, PPh₃, P(o-Tol)₃ or l,l'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)) and a suitable base (e.g. sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, cesium carbonate, cesium fluoride, triethylamine or di-wo-propylethylamine), as well as a suitable solvent system (e.g. toluene, ethanol, dimethoxymethane, dimethylformamide, ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, water, dioxane or mixtures thereof). This reaction may be carried out at above room temperature (e.g. at a high temperature, such as the reflux temperature of the solvent system that is employed). Preferably, compounds of formula XIX are protected at the R^y position prior to carrying out the reaction with the compound of formula XVIII. Suitable protecting groups for different values of R^y are described hereinafter. If a protected version of a compound of formula XIX is employed, this reaction may be followed by deprotection of the R^y group under standard conditions, for example as described hereinafter.

Compounds of formulae II, VII, IX or XVII may alternatively be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula XX,

wherein n, Y_1} Y₂, Y₃, Y , Z_l5 Z₂, R^y and R³ are as hereinbefore defined, or an appropriate protected derivative thereof, with a compound of formula XVI as hereinbefore defined, for example under similar conditions to those described hereinbefore for preparation of compounds of formula I (process step (x)). Again, compounds of formula XX are preferably protected at the R^y position prior to carrying out the reaction with the compound of formula XVI. If a protected version of a compound of formula XX is employed, this reaction may be followed by deprotection of the R^y group under standard conditions, for example as described hereinafter. Compounds of formula XVIII may be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula XXI,

wherein n, Yi, Y₂, Y₃, Y₄ and L² are as hereinbefore defined with a compound of formula XVI as hereinbefore defined, for example under similar conditions to those described hereinbefore for preparation of compounds of formula I (process step (x)).

Alternatively, compounds of formula XVIII wherein R^la and R^l both represent H may be prepared by the partial hydrolysis of a corresponding nitrile of formula XXII,

CN

wherein n, Y_1} Y₂, Y₃, Y₄, and L are as hereinbefore defined under conditions that are well known to those skilled in the art.

Compounds of formula XIX and protected derivatives thereof may be prepared by reaction of a corresponding compound of formula XXIII, XXIII

wherein R^y, R³, Zi and Z₂ are as hereinbefore defined, or an appropriate protected derivative thereof, with a reagent system that will enable the introduction of the -B(OH)₂ into the appropriate ring system. Suitable reagent systems include trialkylborates (e.g. tri-wo-propylborate). Such reactions may be carried out, for example, at low temperature (e.g. between -100°C and 0°C, e.g. between -80°C (such as -78°C) and -10°C (such as -20°C)) in the presence of a suitable base (e.g. n-butyl lithium) and an appropriate organic solvent (e.g. THF), followed by acid hydrolysis (e.g. in the presence of dilute HC1).

Compounds of formula XX and protected derivatives thereof may be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula XIX as hereinbefore defined, or a protected derivative thereof, with a compound of formula XXI as hereinbefore defined, or a protected derivative (e.g. ester) thereof, for example under similar conditions to those described hereinbefore for preparation of compounds of formulae II, VII, IX and XVII (first process).

Compounds of formula XXIII are available using known techniques. For example:

(a) Compounds of formula XXIII in which R^y represents -S(0)₂NH₂, -C(0) H₂ ^or -CHO, and protected derivatives thereof, may be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula XXIV,

wherein R^ya represents -S(0)₂NH₂, -C(0)NH₂ or -CHO and Zj and Z₂ are as hereinbefore defined, or a protected derivative thereof, with a compound of formula XXV,

R³L³ XXV

wherein L represents a suitable leaving group (such as toluenesulphonate, benzenesulphonate, methanesulphonate or halo, such as bromo or iodo) and R³ is as hereinbefore defined, for example at below room temperature (e.g. between around -35°C and around -85°C), in the presence of a suitable base (e.g. n-butyl lithium) and an appropriate solvent (e.g. THF).

(b) Compounds of formula XXIII in which R^y is -S(0)₂NH₂ and N- protected derivatives thereof, may be prepared by reaction of an appropriate compound of formula XXVI,

wherein R , Z_λ and Z₂ are as hereinbefore defined with an appropriate reagent for introduction of a -S(0)₂NH₂ group into the appropriate ring system (for example chlorosulphonic acid, or thionyl chloride in the presence of a suitable strong base (e.g. butyl lithium)), followed by reaction of the resultant intermediate with ammonia, or a protected derivative thereof (e.g. rt-butylamine), under conditions that are well known to those skilled in the art.

(c) Certain protected derivatives (e.g. alkyl, such as -₆ alkyl, for example tert-butyl, protected derivatives) of compounds of formula XXIII in which R^y represents -C(0)NH₂ may be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula XXVI as hereinbefore defined, with a compound of formula XXVII,

R^zN=C=0 XXVII

wherein R^z represents an appropriate protecting group, such as an alkyl group, including -₆ alkyl, e.g. tert-butyl, for example at low temperature (e.g. -78°C to around 0°C), in the presence of a suitable base (e.g. n-butyl lithium) and an appropriate solvent (e.g. THF).

(d) Certain protected derivatives (e.g. alkyl, such as Cι-₆ alkyl, for example tert-butyl, protected derivatives) of compounds of formula XXIII in which R^y represents -C(0)NH₂ may also be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula XXVIII,

XXVIII

wherein R³, Z] and Z₂ are as hereinbefore defined with a protected

(e.g. an (e.g. C].₆) alkyl, such as tert-butyl-protected) derivative of ammonia (e.g. tert-butylamine) under standard coupling conditions (see, for example, those described hereinbefore for preparation of compounds of formula I (process step (iii))). Compounds of formula XXVIII are known in the art or may be prepared by way of standard techniques, for example oxidation of a corresponding compound of formula XXIII in which R^y is -CHO e.g. under those conditions described hereinbefore for preparation of compounds of formula V.

(e) Compounds of formula XXIII in which R^y is -CHO, Z_λ represents -CH=CH- and Z₂ represents -CH-, and protected derivatives thereof, may be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula XXVI in which Zi represents -CH=CH- and Z₂ represents -CH- with an appropriate reagent system for the introduction of an aldehyde group into the benzene ring (e.g. TiCVCHCl₃, SnCl₄/CH₂Cl₂ or 1,3,5,7- azaadamantane/TFA) under standard reaction conditions, followed by (if appropriate) protection of the resultant benzaldehyde under standard conditions.

(f) Compounds of formula XXIII in which R^y is -NH₂, Z represents -CH=CH- and Z₂ represents -CH-, and N-protected derivatives thereof, may be prepared by nitration of a compound of formula

XXVI in which Z_\ represents -CH=CH- and Z₂ represents -CH-, followed by reduction of the resultant nitrobenzene and (if appropriate) protection of the resultant aminobenzene, all of which steps may be carried out under standard conditions.

Compounds of formulae III, IV, VI, VIII, X, XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XXI, XXII, XXIV, XXV, XXVI and XXVII are either commercially available, are known in the literature, or may be obtained either by analogy with the processes described herein, or by conventional synthetic procedures, in accordance with standard techniques, from readily available starting materials using appropriate reagents and reaction conditions.

For example compounds of formula XV may be prepared in analogous fashion to compounds of formulae II, VII, IX and XVII from compounds of formula XXI and compounds of formula XIX (followed by (if appropriate) deprotection, and then transformation of the relevant R^y group to the relevant R² group in accordance with techniques described herein).

Compounds of the invention may be isolated from their reaction mixtures using conventional techniques.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, in the processes described above and hereinafter, the functional groups of intermediate compounds may need to be protected by protecting groups.

Functional groups that it is desirable to protect include sulphonamido, amido, amino and aldehyde. Suitable protecting groups for sulphonamido, amido and amino include tert-butyloxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, 2- tiimethylsilylethoxycarbonyl (Teoc) or tert-butyl. Suitable protecting groups for aldehyde include alcohols, such as methanol or ethanol, and diols, such as 1,3-propanediol or, preferably, 1,2-ethanediol (so forming a cyclic acetal).

The protection and deprotection of functional groups may take place before or after a reaction in the above-mentioned schemes.

Protecting groups may be removed in accordance with techniques that are well known to those skilled in the art and as described hereinafter. For example, protected compounds/intermediates described herein may be converted chemically to unprotected compounds using standard deprotection techniques (e.g. using trifluoroacetic acid, sulfuric acid, toluenesulfonic acid or boron trichloride).

Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that, in order to obtain compounds of the invention in an alternative, and, on some occasions, more convenient, manner, the individual process steps mentioned hereinbefore may be performed in a different order, and/or the individual reactions may be performed at a different stage in the overall route (i.e. substituents may be added to and/or chemical transformations performed upon, different intermediates to those mentioned hereinbefore in conjunction with a particular reaction). This may negate, or render necessary, the need for protecting groups.

The type of chemistry involved will dictate the need, and type, of protecting groups as well as the sequence for accomplishing the synthesis.

The use of protecting groups is fully described in "Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry", edited by J W F McOmie, Plenum Press (1973), and "Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis", 3^rd edition, T.W. Greene & P.G.M. Wutz, Wiley-Interscience (1999).

Medical and Pharmaceutical Uses

Compounds of the invention are useful because they possess pharmacological activity. The compounds of the invention are therefore indicated as pharmaceuticals.

According to a further aspect of the invention there is thus provided the compounds of the invention for use as pharmaceuticals. In particular, compounds of the invention are agonists of Angll, more particularly, are agonists of the AT2 receptor, and, especially, are selective agonists of that sub-receptor, for example as may be demonstrated in the tests described below.

The compounds of the invention are thus expected to be useful in those conditions in which endogenous production of Angll is deficient and/or where an increase in the effect of Angll is desired or required.

The compounds of the invention are further expected to be useful in those conditions where AT2 receptors are expressed and their stimulation is desired or required.

The compounds of the invention are further indicated in the treatment of conditions characterised by vasoconstriction, increased cell growth and/or differentiation, increased cardiac contractility, increased cardiovascular hypertrophy, and/or increased fluid and electrolyte retention.

The compounds of the invention are further indicated in the treatment of stress-related disorders, and/or in the improvement of microcirculation and or mucosa-protective mechanisms.

Thus, compounds of the invention are expected to be useful in the treatment of disorders, which may be characterised as indicated above, and which are of, for example, the gastrointestinal tract, the cardiovascular system, the respiratory tract, the kidneys, the eyes, the female reproductive (ovulation) system and the central nervous system (CNS).

Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that may be mentioned include oesophagitis, Barrett's oesophagus, gastric ulcers, duodenal ulcers, dyspepsia (including non-ulcer dyspepsia), gastro-oesophageal reflux, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), pancreatitis, hepatic disorders (such as hepatitis), gall bladder disease, multiple organ failure (MOF) and sepsis. Other gastrointestinal disorders that may be mentioned include xerostomia, gastritis, gastroparesis, hyperacidity, disorders of the bilary tract, coelicia, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, diarrhoea, constipation, colic, dysphagia, vomiting, nausea, indigestion and Sjδgren's syndrome.

Disorders of the respiratory tract that may be mentioned include inflammatory disorders, such as asthma, obstructive lung diseases (such as chronic obstructive lung disease), pneumonitis, pulmonary hypertension and adult respiratory distress syndrome.

Disorders of the kidneys that may be mentioned include renal failure, nephritis and renal hypertension.

Disorders of the eyes that may be mentioned include diabetic retinopathy, premature retinopathy and retinal microvascularisation.

Disorders of the female reproductive system that may be mentioned include ovulatory dysfunction.

Cardiovascular disorders that may be mentioned include hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac failure, artherosclerosis, arterial thrombosis, venous thrombosis, endothelial dysfunction, endothelial lesions, post- balloon dilatation stenosis, angiogenesis, diabetic complications, microvascular dysfunction, angina, cardiac arrhythmias, claudicatio intermittens, preeclampsia, myocardial infarction, reinfarction, ischaemic lesions, erectile dysfunction and neointima proliferation. Disorders of the CNS that may be mentioned include cognitive dysfunctions, dysfunctions of food intake (hunger/satiety) and tiiirst, stroke, cerebral bleeding, cerebral embolus and cerebral infarction.

Compounds of the invention may also be useful in the modulation of growth metabolism and proliferation, for example in the treatment of hypertrophic disorders, prostate hyperplasia, autoimmune disorders, psoriasis, obesity, neuronal regeneration, the healing of ulcers, inhibition of adipose tissue hyperplasia, stem cell differentiation and proliferation, cancer (e.g. in the gastrointestinal tract, lung cancer, etc), apoptosis, tumours (generally) and hypertrophy, diabetes, neuronal lesions and organ rejection.

The compounds of the invention are indicated both in the therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment of the above conditions.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of treatment of a condition in which endogenous production of Angll is deficient, and/or a condition where an increase in the effect of Angll is desired or required, and/or a condition where AT2 receptors are expressed and their stimulation is desired or required, which method comprises administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention to a person suffering from, or susceptible to, such a condition.

The compounds of the invention will normally be administered orally, intravenously, subcutaneously, buccally, rectally, dermally, nasally, tracheally, bronchially, by any other parenteral route or via inhalation, in a pharmaceutically acceptable dosage form. When the condition to be treated is multiple organ failure, preferred routes of administration are parenteral (e.g. by injection). Otherwise, the preferred route of administration for compounds of the invention is oral.

The compounds of the invention may be administered alone, but are preferably acmiinistered by way of known pharmaceutical formulations, including tablets, capsules or elixirs for oral administration, suppositories for rectal administration, sterile solutions or suspensions for parenteral or intramuscular administration, and the like.

Such formulations may be prepared in accordance with standard and/or accepted pharmaceutical practice.

According to a further aspect of the invention there is thus provided a pharmaceutical formulation including a compound of the invention, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier.

Compounds of the invention may also be administered in combination with other AT2 agonists that are known in the art, as well as in combination with ATI receptor antagonists that are known in the art, such as losartan, or in combination with an inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE).

According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a combination product comprising: (A) a compound of the invention; and

(B) an ATI receptor antagonist, or an ACE inhibitor, wherein each of components (A) and (B) is formulated in admixture with a pharmaceutically-acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier. Such combination products provide for the administration of compound of the invention in conjunction with an ATI receptor antagonist, or an ACE inhibitor, and may thus be presented either as separate formulations, wherein at least one of those formulations comprises compound of the invention, and at least one comprises ATI receptor antagonist, or ACE inhibitor, or may be presented (i.e. formulated) as a combined preparation (i.e. presented as a single formulation including compound of the invention and ATI receptor antagonist or ACE inhibitor).

Thus, there is further provided:

(1) a pharmaceutical formulation including a compound of the invention and an ATI receptor antagonist, or an ACE inhibitor, in admixture with a pharmaceutically-acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier; and

(2) a kit of parts comprising components:

(a) a pharmaceutical formulation including a compound of the invention, in admixture with a pharmaceutically-acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier; and (b) a pharmaceutical formulation including an ATI receptor antagonist, or an ACE inhibitor, in admixture with a pharmaceutically- acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier, which components (a) and (b) are each provided in a form that is suitable for administration in conjunction with the other.

Depending upon the disorder and patient to be treated and the route of administration, the compounds of the invention may be administered at varying doses. Although doses will vary from patient to patient, suitable daily doses are in the range of about 1 to 1000 mg per patient, adrninistered in single or multiple doses. More preferred daily doses are in the range 2.5 to 250 mg per patient.

Individual doses of compounds of the invention may be in the range 1 to 100 mg.

In any event, the physician, or the skilled person, will be able to determine the actual dosage which will be most suitable for an individual patient, which is likely to vary with the condition that is to be treated, as well as the age, weight, sex and response of the particular patient to be treated. The above-mentioned dosages are exemplary of the average case; there can, of course, be individual instances where higher or lower dosage ranges are merited, and such are within the scope of this invention.

Compounds of the invention have the advantage that they bind selectively to, and exhibit agonist activity at, the AT2 receptor. By compounds which "bind selectively" to the AT2 receptor, we include that the affinity ratio for the relevant compound (AT2:AT1) is at least 5:1, preferably at least 10:1 and more preferably at least 20: 1.

The compounds of the invention may also have the advantage that they may be more efficacious than, be less toxic than, be longer acting than, be more potent than, produce fewer side effects than, be more easily absorbed than, and or have a better pharmacokinetic profile (e.g. higher oral bioavailability and or lower clearance) than, and/or have other useful pharmacological, physical, or chemical properties over, compounds known in the prior art. Biological Tests

The following test procedures may be employed.

Test A Receptor Binding Assay using Rat Liver Membrane AT^ Receptor

Rat liver membranes were prepared according to the method of Dudley et al (Mol. Pharmacol. (1990) 38, 370). Binding of [¹²⁵I]Ang II to membranes was conducted in a final volume of 0.5 mL containing 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl₂, 1 mM EDTA, 0.025% bacitracin, 0.2% BSA (bovine serum albumin), liver homogenate corresponding to 5 mg of the original tissue weight, [¹²⁵I]Ang II (70 000 cpm, 0.03 nM) and variable concentrations of test substance. Samples were incubated at 25°C for 1 h, and binding was terminated by filtration through Whatman GF/B glass-fiber filter sheets using a Brandel cell harvester. The filters were washed with 4 x 2 mL of Tris-HCl (pH 7.4) and transferred to tubes. The radioactivity was measured in a gamma counter. The characteristics of the Ang II binding ATi receptor were determined by using six different concentrations (0.03-5 nmol/L) of the labeled [¹²⁵I] Angll. Non-specific binding was determined in the presence of 1 μM Ang II. The specific binding was determined by subtracting the non-specific binding from the total bound [¹²⁵I]AngII. The dissociation constant (K_& = 1.7 ± 0.1 nM, [L] = 0.057 nM) was determined by Scatchard analysis of data obtained with Ang II by using GraFit (Erithacus Software, UK). The binding data were best fitted with a one-site fit. All experiments were performed at least in triplicate.

Test B

Receptor Binding Assay using Porcine Myometrial Membrane AT₂

Receptor

Myometrial membranes were prepared from porcine uteri according to the method by Nielsen et al (Clin. Exp. Pharm. Phys. (1997) 24, 309). Any possible interference that may be exhibited by binding of compound to ATi receptors was blocked by addition of 1 μM of a selective ATI inhibitor. Binding of [¹²⁵I]Ang II to membranes was conducted in a final volume of 0.5 mL containing 50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 100 mM NaCl, 10 mM MgCl₂, 1 mM EDTA, 0.025% bacitracin, 0.2% BSA, homogenate corresponding to 10 mg of the original tissue weight, [¹²⁵I]Ang II (70 000 cpm, 0.03 nM) and variable concentrations of test substance. Samples were incubated at 25°C for 1 h, and binding was terminated by filtration through Whatman GF/B glass-fiber filter sheets using a Brandel cell harvester. The filters were washed with 3 x 3 mL of Tris-HCl (pH 7.4) and transferred to tubes. The radioactivity was measured using a gamma counter. The characteristics of the Ang II binding AT₂ receptor was deterarined by using six different concentrations (0.03-5 nmol L) of the labeled [¹²⁵I]Ang II. Non-specific binding was determined in the presence of 1 μM Ang II. The specific binding was determined by subtracting the non-specific binding from the total bound [¹²⁵I]Ang II. The dissociation constant (K_d = 0.7 ± 0.1 nM, [L] = 0.057 nM) was determined by Scatchard analysis of data obtained with Ang II by using GraFit (Erithacus Software, UK). The binding data were best fitted with a one-site fit. All experiments were performed at least in triplicate .

Test C

Duodenal Mucosal Alkaline Secretion Assay

Compounds were exposed to the duodenal mucosa in barbiturate- anaesthetised rats prepared for in situ titration of duodenal mucosal alkaline secretion, according to the methodology described by Flemstrόm et al in Am. J. Physiol. (1982) 243, G348.

The invention is illustrated by way of the following examples. Example 1

N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-r4-rN v^"-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl^'.ρhenyl1-5-t^'*s'o- butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

(a) N-tert-Butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

Thiophene-2-sulfonyl chloride (15 g, 0.082 mol) was dissolved in CHC1₃ (200 mL) under N₂ atmosphere and then cooled to 0°C. tert-Butylarnine (25.9 mL, 0.246 mol) dissolved in CHC1₃ (50 mL) was then added dropwise to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature and then at reflux for 10 min. Toluene (700 mL) was added and the organic phase was washed with water (3 x 50 mL), dried, and concentrated in vacuo. The sub-title product was used without further purification in the next step. 1H NMR δ(CDCl₃): 7.60 (IH, dd, J= 1.3, 3.8 Hz), 7.53 (IH, dd, J = 1.3, 5.0 Hz), 7.02 (IH, dd, J- 5.0, 3.8 Hz), 5.13 (IH, m), 1.24 (9H, m) ¹³C NMR δ(CDCl₃): 145.0, 131.7, 131.2, 127.0, 55.1, 29.9

(b) 5-t-fo-Butyl-N-tert-butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide N-tert-Butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide (10 g, 0.046 mol; see step (a) above) was dissolved in THF (85 mL) under Ν₂ and then cooled to -78°C. n-BuLi (1.6 M, 76.9 mL, 0.12 mol) was added via a syringe. The reaction mixture was stirred at -78°C for 30 min. and then at -40°C for 2 h. Iodo-2- methylpropane (10.5 mL, 0.09 mol) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with NH₄C1 (aq.) and extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic phase was washed with brine and dried and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified on column chromatography (hexanes:EtOAc (10:1)) to give the sub-title compound in 55% yield (7.0 g, 0.025 mol). 1H NMR δ(CDCl₃): 7.43 (IH, d, J= 3.6 Hz), 6.67 (IH, d, J= 3.8 Hz), 4.83 (IH, m), 2.67 (2H, d, J= 7 Hz), 1.88 (IH, m), 1.26 (9H, m), 0.93 (6H, J = 6.6 Hz). ¹³C NMR δ(CDCl₃): 145.0, 131.7, 131.2, 127.0, 55.1, 29.9

(c) 5-t*yo-Butyl-2-πSl-tert-butylan[dnosulfonyl l ophene-3-boronic acid

5-wo-Bu1 l-N-tert-butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide (10.6 g, 0.039 mol; see step (b) above) was dissolved in THF (165 mL) under N₂ and then cooled to -78°C. n-BuLi (1.6 M, 60.19 mL, 0.096 mol) was added via a syringe. The reaction mixture was stirred at -20°C for 4 h. Tri-ώo-propylborate (13.3 mL, 0.058 mol) was then added via a syringe and the reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with 2 M HC1 (20 mL). The organic phase was separated and the water phase was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic phase was washed with brine, dried and concentrated in vacuo. The product may be used without further purification. MS(ESI⁺) m/z: 236.8

(d) 3-[4-(N V-Dimethylcarbamoylmethyl)phenyl]-5-/-.o-butyl-N-tert-butyl- thiophene-2-sulfonamide To a nitrogen-flushed mixture of 5-wo-butyl-2-(N-tert-butylaminosulfonyl)- thiophene-3-boronic acid (0.5 g, 1.6 mmol; see step (c) above), 2-(4- bromophenyl)-N,N-dimethylacetamide (0.76 g, 3.13 mmol; prepared by reacting (4-bromophenyl)acetic acid with thionyl chloride at 70°C in a mixture of DMF and benzene, followed by removal of excess thionyl chloride by rotary evaporation and treatment of the resultant with dimethylamine in a THF solution at room temperature) and potassium carbonate (0.87 g, 6.3 mmol) in a solvent mixture of DME, ethanol and water (7 + 2 + 3 mL), was added Pd(PPh₃)₄ (91 mg, 0.08 mmol). The mixture was flushed with nitrogen for 5 minutes, and then heated to reflux overnight under a Ν₂ atmosphere. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with IM NaOH solution (20 mL) followed by ethyl acetate (50 mL). The organic layer was washed with water and then brine, dried over anhydrous MgS0₄, concentrated in vacuo, and the residue subjected to circular chromatography (70% EtOAc in petroleum ether) to afford the pure sub-title product as colourless solid (200 mg, 0.458 mmol, yield: 29%).

^!H NMR (270 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 0.97 (m, 15H), 1.90 (m, IH), 2.66 (d, 2H, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.97 (s, 3H), 3.02 (s, 3H), 3.74 (s, 2H), 4.27 (br. s, IH), 6.74 (s, IH), 7.31 (d, 2H, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.55 (d, 2H, J = 8.3 Hz) ¹³C NMR (67.5 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 22.1, 29.4, 30.4, 35.6, 37.7, 39.1, 40.5, 54.4, 128.9, 129.0, 129.2, 133.4, 135.5, 136.3, 142.8, 148.2, 170.7 IR (neat, cm^-1): v 2959, 1638, 1500, 1393, 1313, 1144 ESIMS: m/z at 437.1 (M⁺ +1) Anal. Calcd for C₂₂H₃₂N₂0₃S₂: C, 60.52; H, 7.39; N, 6.42; Found: C, 60.4; H, 7.4; N, 6.3

(e) 3-[4-(NJV^Dimethylcarbamoylmemyl phenyl]-5-t5^,o-butylthiophene-2- sulfonamide

A mixture of 3-[4-(NN-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl)phenyl]-5-t5^,o-butyl-N- tert-butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide (40 mg, 0.09 mmol; see step (d) above) and anisole (0.1 mL) in trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. The resultant was evaporated to dryness and re- evaporated with acetonitrile (2x 6 mL) to give crude sub-title product.

(f) N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-[4-(N V-dimethylcarbamoylmethyl)phenyl]-5- t--o-butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

The residue from step (e) above was dissolved in DCM (2 mL) and triethylamine (0.04 mL, 0.27 mmol), n-butyl chloroformate (0.023 mL, 0.18 mmol) and pyrrolidinopyridine (1.4 mg, 0.009 mmol) were added successively. The mixture was stirred for 3 h under a Ν₂ atmosphere, the solvent removed in vacuo, and the residue purified by preparative LCMS

(45%) to 80% aqueous acetonitrile, 35 min.) to yield the title compound as colourless semi-solid (29 mg, 0.060 mmol, yield: 65%)

1H NMR (270 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 0.87 (t, 3H, J= 7.3 Hz), 0.96 (d, 6H, /= 6.6 Hz), 1.22 (m, 2H), 1.47 (m, 2H), 1.91 (m, IH), 267 (d, 2H, J = 7.3 Hz),

2.93 (s, 3H), 3.01 (s, 3H), 3.67 (s, 2H), 4.0 (t, 2H, J= 6.6 Hz), 6.72 (s, IH),

7.24 (d, 2H, /= 7.6 Hz), 7.39 (d, 2H, J = 7.9 Hz)

¹³C NMR (67.5 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 13.5, 18.6, 22.1, 29.7, 30.3, 35.6, 37.7,

39.1, 40.2, 66.4, 129.8, 129.1, 129.3, 130.8, 132.4, 135.3, 145.9, 150.5, 150.9, 171.1

IR (neat, cm ¹): v 2959, 1638, 1500, 1393, 1313, 1144

ESIMS: m/z at 481.1 (M⁺+l)

Anal. Calcd for C₂₃H₃₂N₂0₅S₂.2/3H₂0: C, 56.07; H, 6.82; N, 5.7; Found: C,

55.9; H, 6.7; N, 5.8

Example 2

N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-[4-(carbamoylmethyl)phenyl]-5-t*--^,o-butylthio- phene-2-sulfonamide

(a) 3-[4-(Carbamoylmethyl)phenyl]-5- .s'o-butyl-N-tert-butylthiophene-2- sulfonamide

A suspension of Pd(PPh₃)₄ catalyst was generated in situ by stirring a mixture of palladium acetate (20.0 mg, 0.09 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (95 mg, 0.36 mmol) in DME (2 mL) under a Ν₂ atmosphere (3 x vacuum and 3 x nitrogen flush). After stirring for 30 minutes, the suspension was introduced via a syringe into a nitrogen-flushed mixture of 5-t_?o-butyl-2- (N-tert-butylann^osulfonyl)thiophene-3-boronic acid (0.57 g, 1.8 mmol; see Example 1(c) above), 2-(4-bromophenyl)acetamide (0.39 g, 1.8 mmol; prepared by reaction of 2-(4-bromophenyl)acetonitrile with excess hydrogen peroxide in the presence of potassium carbonate and DMSO at room temperature) and potassium carbonate (0.96 g, 7.2 mmol) in a solvent mixture of DME, ethanol, and water (7 + 2 + 3 mL). After stirring for 12 h at reflux under a N₂ atmosphere, the reaction mixture was diluted with IM NaOH solution (50 mL) followed by ethyl acetate (150 mL). The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous MgS0₄, concentrated in vacuo, and the residue subjected to circular chromatography (75%o acetone in petroleum ether). The isolated product (which contained triphenylphosphinoxide) was again purified by preparative LCMS (40-80% aqueous acetonitrile, 0.05% HCOOH, 35 min. duration) to afford the pure sub-title product as colourless solid (100 mg, 0.245 mmol, yield: 14%).

1H NMR (270 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 0.97 (d, 6H), 1.00 (s, 9H), 1.91 (m, IH), 2.68 (d, 2H, J= 6.9 Hz), 3.61 (s, 2H), 4.72 (br. s, IH), 5.70 (br. d, 2H), 6.74 (s, IH), 7.35 (d, 2H, J= 7.9 Hz), 7.58 (d, 2H, J= 8.3 Hz) ¹³C NMR (67.5 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 22.1, 29.5, 30.5, 39.2, 42.9, 54.5, 128.1, 129.0, 129.5, 133.0, 135.1, 136.4, 142.8, 148.5, 173.1 IR (neat, cm^"1): v 3296, 2960, 1670, 1311, 1142 ESIMS: m/z at 409 (M⁺+l)

Anal. Calcd for C₂₀H₂₈N₂O₃S₂: C, 58.79; H, 6.91; N, 6.86; Found: C, 58.8; H, 7.0; N, 6.6

b) 3-[4-(Carbamoylmethyl phenyl]-5-^o-butyl1hiophene-2-sulfonamide A solution of 3-[4-(carbamoylmethyl)phenyl]-5-Mo-butyl-N-tert- butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide (0.045g, 0.11 mmol; see step (a) above) and anisole (0.05 mL) in trifluoroacetic acid (2.5 mL) was stirred for 12 h at room temperature. The residue was evaporated and re-evaporated with acetonitrile (2 x 5 mL) to give crude sub-title product. (c) N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-[4-(carbamoylmethyl)phenyl]-5-»'o-butylthio- phene-2-sulfonamide

The crude product from step (b) above was dissolved in DCM (2 mL). Triethylamine (0.05 mL, 0.33 mmol), «-butyl chloroformate (0.028 mL, 0.22 mmol) and pyrrolidinopyridine (1.5 mg, 0.009 mmol) were successively added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, and evaporated. The residue was purified by preparative LCMS on gradual elution from 40% to 80% aqueous acetonitrile (0.05% HCOOH, 35 minutes duration) to afford the pure title product as colourless solid (37 mg, 0.82 mmol, yield: 74%).

1H NMR (270 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 0.86 (t, 3H, J- 7.3 Hz), 0.98 (d, 6H, /= 6.6 Hz), 1.26 (m, 2H), 1.51 (m, 2H), 1.94 (m, IH), 2.70 (d, 2H, J = 6.9 Hz), 3.60 (s, 2H), 4.03 (t, 2H, /= 6.9 Hz), 5.85 (br. s, IH), 6.1 (br. s, IH), 6.74 (s, IH), 7.22 (d, 2H, /= 7.9 Hz), 7.42 (d, 2H, J= 7.9 Hz) ¹³C NMR (67.5 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 13.6, 18.7, 22.2, 30.4, 39.3, 42.4, 66.6, 129.0, 129.3, 129.5, 131.3, 133.3, 134.7, 145.5, 151.1, 151.3, 174.6 IR (neat, cm^"1): v 3456, 3360, 2960, 1745, 1663, 1466, 1345, 1158 ESIMS: m/z at 453.3 (M +l) Anal. Calcd for C₂ιH₂₈N₂0₅S₂: C, 55.73; H, 6.24; N, 6.19; Found: C, 55.6; H, 6.2; N, 6.0

Example 3

N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-[4-rN V-dibenzylcarbamoylmethyl)phenyl]-5-t-?Q- butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

(a) Ethyl-[4-(2-tert-butylsulfamoyl-5-t o-butylthiophen-3-yl)phenyl]ethan- oate

Pd(OAc)₂ (120 mg, 0.25 mmol) and l, -bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene

(DPPF, 280 mg, 0.5 mmol) were dissolved in DME (5 mL) under a N₂ atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred for 20 minutes, after which the off-brown suspension was cannulated into a mixture of 5-wo-butyl-2- (N-te^but lammosulfonyl)thiophene-3-boronic acid (2.0 g, 6.27 mmol; see Example 1(c) above), ethyl-4-bromophenylethanoate (1.52 g, 6.27 mmol) and cesium fluoride (2.86 g, 18.9 mmol) in DME (20 mL) under nitrogen. The mixture was heated at reflux for 12 h under nitrogen, then cooled to room temperature, and diluted with water (25 mL) and ethyl acetate (75 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with water and then brine, dried over anhydrous MgS0₄, concentrated in vacuo, and the residue purified by flash chromatography (ethyl acetate: petroleum ether, (1:7)) to afford the sub-title compound as colourless solid (2.6 g, 95%). m.p. = 102-103°C

1H NMR (270 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 0.97 (m, 15H), 1.25 (t, 3H, J = 6.93 Hz), 1.91 (m, IH), 2.67 (d, 2H, J= 7.26 Hz), 3.65 (s, 2H), 4.10- 4.20 (m, 3H), 6.75 (s, IH), 7.35 (d, 2H, J= 8.25 Hz), 7.57 (d, 2H, J= 7.92 Hz) ¹³C NMR (67.5 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 14.1, 22.1, 29.4, 30.5, 39.2, 41.1, 54.4, 60.9, 128.8, 129.1, 129.4, 133.7, 134.5, 136.3, 142.7, 148.3, 171.2 IR (neat, cm^"1): v 3290, 2961, 1738, 1513, 1368, 1312, 1144, 1050 ESIMS: m/z at 438.1 (M⁺+l) Anal. Calcd for C₂₂H₃iN0₄S₂: C, 60.38; H, 7.14; N, 3.20; Found: C, 60.38; H, 7.14; N, 3.20

(b) 3-(4-Carboxymethylphenyl)-5-t^'^o-butyl-N-tert-butylthiophene-2-sulfon- amide

A mixture of ethyl-[4-(2-tert-butylsulfamoyl-5-wo-butylthiophen-3- yl)phenyl]ethanoate (1.0 g, 2.29 mmol; see step (a) above) and LiOH (140 mg, 5.72 mmol) in a solvent mixture of THF:H₂0:MeOH (4.5 mL, 1:1:1) was refluxed for 3 hours, acidified with dilute hydrochloric acid (2 mL) and diluted with cold water (30 L). The solid precipitate was filtered, and dried to afford the pure sub-title product as colourless solid (0.93 g, 99%). m.p. = 157-159°C 1H NMR (270 MHz, MeOH-^): δ 0.91- 1.01 (m, 15H), 1.91 (m, IH), 2.7 (d, 2H, J= 7.26 Hz), 3.65 (s, 2H), 6.83 (s, IH), 7.34 (d, 2H, J= 8.25 Hz), 7.54 (d, 2H, J= 8.25 Hz)

¹³C NMR (67.5 MHz, MeOH-^): δ 22.5, 29.8, 31.8, 39.9, 41.8, 54.8, 129.8, 130.3, 130.4, 130.6, 134.8, 136.3, 137.9, 144.7, 149.4, 175.5 IR (neat, cm^"1): v 3283, 2963, 1709, 1310, 1144, 756 ESIMS: m/z at 411.1 (M⁺+2)

Anal. Calcd for C₂₀H₂₇NO₄S₂: C, 58.65; H, 6.64; N, 3.42; Found: C, 58.65; H, 6.64; N, 3.42

(c) 3-[4-(NN-Dibenzylcarbamoylmethyl)phenyl]-5-t5O-butyl-N-tert-butyl- thiophene-2-sulfonamide

To a mixture of 3-(4-carboxymethylphenyl)-5-ώo-butyl-N-tert- butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide (50 mg, 0.12 mmol; see step (b) above), EDCI (29.3 mg, 0.15 mmol), HOBT (26 mg, 0.15 mmol) and triethylamine. (150 μL, 0.021 mmol) in DMF (2 mL), dibenzylamine (29 μL, 0.15 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate (2.5 mL), ether (7.5 mL) and water (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with dilute hydrochloric acid, aqueous sodium hydroxide (1 M), water and then brine, dried over anhydrous MgS0₄ and concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude product, which was directly used in the next step.

(d) 3-[4-(NJV^'-Dibenzylcarbamoylmemyl)phenyl]-5-t5'o-butylthiophene-2- sulfonamide

Trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) was added to the crude product from step (c) above. Two drops (ca. 0.05 mL) of anisole were then added and the mixture stirred under a Ν₂ atmosphere for 18 hours at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was evaporated and co-evaporated with acetonitrile to give the crude sub-title compound. (e) N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-[4-rNJV^"-dibenzylcarbamoylmethyl)phenyl]-5- /-??-butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

The crude product from step (d) above was dissolved in DCM (2 mL). Pyrrolidinopyridine (2 mg, 0.012 mmol), ethylamine (50 μL, 0.37 mmol) and tϊ-butyl chloroforrnate (24 μL, 0.18 mmol) were successively added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature under a N₂ atmosphere. The reaction mixture was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative LCMS (55%-85% aqueous acetonitrile, 40 min.) to afford the sub-title product as a colourless solid (54 mg, 70%). m.p. = 55-56°C

1H NMR (270 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 0.84 (t, 3H, J = 7.26 Hz), 0.97 (d, 6H, J = 6.60 Hz), 1.21 (m, 2H), 1.47 (m, 2H), 1.92 (m, IH), 2.68 (d, 2H, J = 6.93 Hz), 3.75 (s, 2H), 3.99 (t, 2H, J= 6.60 Hz), 4.45 (s, 2H), 4.59 (s, 2H), 6.71 (s, lH), 7.1- 7.4 (m, 14H)

¹³C NMR (67.5 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 13.6, 18.7, 22.2, 30.37, 30.42, 39.2, 40.3, 48.4, 50.1, 66.5, 126.3, 127.4, 127.7, 128.3, 128.6, 129.0, 129.2, 129.3, 131.0, 132.7, 135.3, 136.0, 137.0, 145.9, 150.5, 151.0, 171.5 IR (neat, cm^"1): v 2959, 1747, 1628, 1452, 1348, 1222, 1158 ESIMS: m/z at 633.2 (M⁺+l)

Anal. Calcd for C₃₅H₄oN₂0₅S₂: C, 66.4; H, 6.37; N, 4.43; Found: C, 66.2; H, 6.2; N, 4.4.

Example 4

N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-[4-(N-benzyl-N-ethylcarbamoylmethy phenyll-5- t-.o-butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

(a) 3-[4-(N-Benzyl-N-ethylcarbamoylmethyl phenyl]-5-ti^,o-butyl-N-tert- butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

N-Ethylbenzylamine (23 μL, 0.15 mmol) was added to a mixture of 3-(4- carboxymethylphenyl)-5-wo-butyl-N-te^butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide (50 mg, 0.12 mmol; see Example 3(b) above), EDCI (29.3 mg, 0.15 mmol), HOBT (26 mg, 0.15 mmol) and triethylamine (150 μL, 0.021 mmol) in DMF (2 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate (2.5 mL), ether (7.5 mL) and water (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with dilute hydrochloric acid, aqueous sodium hydroxide (1 M), water and then brine, dried over anhydrous MgS0₄ and concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude product, which was directly used in the next step.

(b) 3-[4-(N-Benzyl-N-ethylcarbamoylmemyl phenyl]-5-z ^,o-butyl1hiophene- 2-sulfonamide Trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) was added to the crude product from step (a) above. Two drops (ca. 0.05 mL) of anisole were then added and the mixture stirred under a Ν₂ atmosphere for 18 hours at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was evaporated and co-evaporated with acetonitrile to give the crude sub-title compound.

(c) N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-[4-(N-benzyl-N-ethylcarbamoylmethyDphenyl]- 5-t,w-butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

The crude product from step (b) above was dissolved in DCM (2 mL).

Pyrrolidinopyridine (2 mg, 0.012 mmol), triethylamine (50 μL, 0.37 mmol) and n-butyl chloroformate (24 μL, 0.18 mmol) were successively added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature under a N₂ atmosphere. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the residue was purified by preparative LCMS (48%-77% aqueous acetonitrile, 45 min.) to afford the sub-title product as a colorless solid (53 mg, 76%). m.p. = 45-47°C

1H NMR (270 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 0.86 (t, 3H, J = 7.26 Hz), 0.98 (d, 6H, / = 6.60 Hz), 1.12 (dt, 3H, J = 1.32 Hz, J = 7.26 Hz), 1.24 (m, 2H), 1.50 (m, 2H), 1.93 (m, IH), 2.70 (d, 2H, /= 7.26 Hz), 3.31&3.45 (q, 2H, J = 7.26 Hz), 3.68&3.77 (s, 2H), 4.02 (t, 2H, J ^•= 6.60 Hz), 4.55&4.61 (s, 2H), 6.72&6.74 (s, IH), 7.14- 7.44 (m, 9H)

¹³C NMR (67.5 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 12.53, 13.58, 18.72, 22.19, 30.42, 39.24, 40.0, 40.4, 41.3, 41.8, 47.9, 50.9, 66.5, 126.22, 127.31, 127.60, 128.0,

128.5, 128.9, 129.0, 129.1, 129.4, 131.1, 132.6, 135.5, 135.6, 137.5, 145.9,

150.6, 151.0, 170.7, 171.0 IR (neat, cm^"1): v 2960, 1747, 1628, 1452, 1347, 1158, 733 ESIMS: m/z at 571.1 (M⁺+l)

Anal. Calcd for C₃oH₃₈N₂0₅S₂: C, 63.1; H, 6.71; N, 4.91; Found: C, 63.1; H, 6.7; N, 4.9.

Example 5

N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-[4-(N-butyl-N-methylcarbamoylmethyl)phenyl]-5- /■yo-butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

(a) 3-[4-rN-Butyl-N-methylcarbamoylmethyl phenyll-5-t^"-.o-butyl-N-tert- butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

N-Methylbutylamine (18 μL, 0.15 mmol) was added to a mixture of 3-(4- carboxymethyl-phenyl)-5-t^'-fo-butyl-N-tert-butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide (50 mg, 0.12 mmol; see Example 3(b) above), EDCI (29.3 mg, 0.15 mmol), HOBT (26 mg, 0.15 mmol) and triethylamine (150 μL, 0.021 mmol) in DMF (2 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate (2.5 mL), ether (7.5 mL) and water (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with dilute hydrochloric acid, aqueous sodium hydroxide (1 M), water and then brine, dried over anhydrous MgS0₄ and concentrated to afford the crude product, which was directly used in the next step.

(b) 3-[4-(N-Butyl-N-methylcarbamoylmethyl phenyl]-5- 5^,o-butylthiophene- 2-sulfonamide

Trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) was added to the crude product from step (a) above. Two drops (ca. 0.05 mL) of anisole were then added and the mixture stirred under a Ν₂ atmosphere for 18 hours at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was evaporated and co-evaporated with acetonitrile to give the crude sub-title compound.

(c) N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3 - [4-(N-butyl-N-methylcarbamoylmethyl)phenyl] - 5-t^o-butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

The crude product from step (b) above was dissolved in DCM (2 mL). Pyrrolidinopyridine (2 mg, 0.012 mmol), triethylamine (50 μL, 0.37 mmol) and /.-butyl chloroformate (24 μL, 0.18 mmol) were successively added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature under a Ν₂ atmosphere. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the residue was purified by preparative LCMS (50%-80% aqueous acetonitrile, 45 min.) to afford the sub-title product as colourless syrup (64 mg, 71%). 1H NMR (270 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 0.84-0.98 (m, 12H), 1.17- 1.58 (m, 8H), 1.93 (m, IH), 2.69 (d, 2H, J = 6.93 Hz), 2.93&2.99 (s, 3H), 3.29&3.37 (t, 2H, J = 7.92 Hz, J = 7.59 Hz), 3.68 (d, 2H, J =3.63 Hz), 4.02 (t, 2H, J = 6.60 Hz), 6.73, 6.74 (s, IH), 7.25 (d, 2H, J= 6.60 Hz), 7.40 (d, 2H, J= 7.92 Hz) ¹³C NMR (67.5 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 48.5, 48.7, 53.6, 54.8, 54.9, 57.1, 64.1, 65.3, 68.5, 70.6, 74.1, 74.9, 75.6, 82.7, 85.0, 101.4, 163.4, 163.8, 164.0, 164.2, 165.9, 167.4, 170.5, 170.7, 180.9, 185.5, 185.9, 205.4 IR (neat, cm^"1): v 2959, 1747, 1627, 1466, 1346, 1222, 1158 ESIMS: m/z at 523.1 (-vT+l)

Anal. Calcd for C₂₆H₃₈N₂0₅S₂: C, 59.7; H, 7.33; N, 5.36; Found: C, 59.6; H, 7.1; N, 5.4.

Example 6 N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-[4-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxoethyl)phenyl]-5-t5O- butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

(a) 3-[4-(2-Mθ holm-4-yl-2-oxoethyl)phenyl]-5-t5θ-butyl-N-tert-butylthio- phene-2-sulfonamide Morpholine (13 μL, 0.15 mmol) was added to a mixture of 3-(4- carboxyme1 ylphenyl)-5- 5o-butyl-N-tert-butyltMophene-2-sulfonamide (50 mg, 0.12 mmol; see Example 3(b) above), EDCI (29.3 mg, 0.15 mmol), HOBT (26 mg, 0.15 mmol) and triethylamine (150 μL, 0.021 mmol) in DMF (2 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate (2.5 mL), ether (7.5 mL) and water (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with dilute hydrochloric acid, aqueous sodium hydroxide (1 M), water and then brine, dried over anhydrous MgS0₄ and concentrated to afford the crude product, which was directly used in the next step.

(b) 3-[4-(2-Moφholin-4-yl-2-oxoethyl)phenyl]-5-t^'-?o-butylthiophene-2-sul- fonamide

Trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) was added to the crude product from step (a) above. Two drops (ca. 0.05 mL) of anisole were then added and the mixture stirred under a Ν₂ atmosphere for 18 hours at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was evaporated and co-evaporated with acetonitrile to give the crude sub-title compound.

(c) N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-f4-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxoethyl phenyl]-5-iso- butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

The crude product from step (b) above was dissolved in DCM (2 mL).

Pyrrolidinopyridine (2 mg, 0.012 mmol), triethylamine (50 μL, 0.37 mmol) and n-butyl chloroformate (24 μL, 0.18 mmol) were successively added.

The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature under a N₂ atmosphere. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the residue was purified by preparative LCMS (38%-68% aqueous acetonitrile, 45 min.) to afford the sub-title product as a colorless solid (37 mg, 58%). m.p. = 58-60°C

1H NMR (270 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 0.86 (t, 3H, J = 7.26 Hz), 0.98 (d, 6H, J = 6.60 Hz), 1.24 (m, 2H), 1.49 (m, 2H), 1.93 (m, IH), 2.69 (d, 2H, J = 7.26

Hz), 3.47-3.71 (m, 10H), 4.02 (t, 2H, J = 6.60 Hz), 6.74 (s, IH), 7.24 (d,

2H, 7= 7.59 Hz), 7.42 (d, 2H, J= 8.25 Hz)

¹³C NMR (67.5 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 13.6, 18.7, 22.2, 30.5, 39.2, 40.1, 42.2,

46.3, 66.6, 66.7, 128.8, 129.2, 131.1, 132.7. 135.2, 145.8, 150.6, 151.1, 169.5

IR (neat, cm^"1): v 2960, 1747, 1634, 1464, 1346, 1223, 1158, 733

ESIMS : m/z at 523.1 (M*^"+ 1 )

Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₃₄N₂0₆S₂: C, 57.45; H, 6.6; N, 5.4; Found: C, 57.27; H,

6.54; N 5.20. Example 7

N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-[4-(2-lMazolidin-3-yl-2-oxoethvDρhenyl1-5- *yo- butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

(a) 3- 4-(2-Tlnazolidin-3-yl-2-oxoethvnphenyll-5-t,?o-butyl-N-tert-butyl- thiophene-2-sulfonamide

Thiazolidine (12 μL, 0.15 mmol) was added to a mixture of 3-(4- carboxymethylphenyl)-5-wo-butyl-N-tert-butyltlήophene-2-sulfonamide (50 mg, 0.12 mmol; see Example 3(b) above), EDCI (29.3 mg, 0.15 mmol), HOBT (26 mg, 0.15 mmol) and triethylamine (150 μL, 0.021 mmol) in DMF (2 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate (2.5 mL), ether (7.5 mL) and water (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with dilute hydrochloric acid, aqueous sodium hydroxide (1 M), water and then brine, dried over anhydrous MgS0 and concentrated to afford the crude product, which was directly used in the next step.

(b) 3-[4-(2-TMa2:olidin-3-yl-2-oxoethyDphenyl]-5-t5'o-butylthiophene-2- sulfonamide Trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) was added to the crude product from step (a) above. Two drops (ca. 0.05 mL) of anisole were then added and the mixture stirred under a N₂ atmosphere for 18 hours at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was evaporated and co-evaporated with acetonitrile to give the crude sub-title compound.

(c) N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3 - [4-(2-thiazolidin-3 -yl-2-oxoethyl)phenyl] -5-iso- butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

The crude product from step (b) above was dissolved in DCM (2 mL).

Pyrrolidinopyridine (2 mg, 0.012 mmol), triethylamine (50 μL, 0.37 mmol) and n-butyl chloroformate (24 μL, 0.18 mmol) were successively added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature under a N₂ atmosphere. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the residue was purified by preparative LCMS (38%-68% aqueous acetonitrile, 45 min.) to afford the sub-title product as colourless syrup (39 mg, 61%). 1H NMR (270 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 0.86 (t, 3H, J = 7.59 Hz), 0.98 (d, 6H, J = 6.60 Hz), 1.26 (m, 2H), 1.49 (m, 2H), 1.93 (m, IH), 2.69 (d, 2H, J = 7.26 Hz), 2.99&3.06 (t, 2H, J = 6.27 Hz), 3.67-3.90 (m, 4H), 4.02 (t, 2H, J = 6.60 Hz), 4.49&4.59 (s, 2H), 6.74 (s, IH), 7.27 (d, 2H, /= 7.92 Hz), 7.42 (d, 2H, = 7.92 Hz) ¹³C NMR (67.5 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 13.6, 18.7, 22.2, 30.4, 30.5, 39.2, 43.3, 55.2, 55.9, 56.9, 66.8, 113.6, 126.2, 127.3, 127.5, 128.2, 128.6, 129.3, 129.4, 130.3, 130.7, 135.3, 141.2, 144.2, 146.1, 150.1, 151.6, 169.7. IR (neat, cm^"1): v 2958, 1745, 1636, 1438, 1342, 1157 ESIMS: m/z at 525.0 (M⁺+l)

Example 8

N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-{4-[N-(diphenylmethyl)carbamoylmethyl]phenyl}-

5-t-fo-butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

(a) 3-{4-[N-(Diphenylmethyl)carbamoylrnethyl]phenyl}-5-Mo-butyl-N-tert- butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

(Diphenylmethyl)amine (26 μL, 0.15 mmol) was added to a mixture of 3- (4-carboxymemylphenyl)-5- -?o-butyl-N-tert-butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide (50 mg, 0.12 mmol; see Example 3(b) above), EDCI (29.3 mg, 0.15 mmol), HOBT (26 mg, 0.15 mmol) and triethylamine (150 μL, 0.021 mmol) in DMF (2 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate (2.5 mL), ether (7.5 mL) and water (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with dilute hydrochloric acid, aqueous sodium hydroxide (1 M), water and brine, dried over anhydrous MgS0 and concentrated to afford the crude product, which was directly used in the next step.

(b) 3- (4-[N-(^'Diphenylmethv carbamoylmethyl]phenyl} -5-is o-butylthio- phene-2-sulfonamide

Trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) was added to the crude product from step (a) above. Two drops (ca. 0.05 mL) of anisole were then added and the mixture stirred under a N₂ atmosphere for 18 hours at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was evaporated and co-evaporated with acetonitrile to give the crude sub-title compound.

(c) N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-{4-[N-diphenylmethyl)carbamoylmethyl]- phenyl}-5- o-butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

The crude product from step (b) above was dissolved in DCM (2 mL). Pyrrolidinopyridine (2 mg, 0.012 mmol), triethylamine (50 μL, 0.37 mmol) and n-butyl chloroformate (24 μL, 0.18 mmol) were successively added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature under a Ν₂ atmosphere. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the residue was purified by preparative LCMS (55%-85% aqueous acetonitrile, 50 min.) to afford the sub-title product as colourless solid (65 mg, 54%). m.p. 63-64°C

1H NMR (270 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 0.84 (t, 3H, J = 7.26 Hz), 0.95 (d, 6H, J = 6.60 Hz), 1.20 (m, 2H), 1.44 (m, 2H), 1.90 (m, IH), 2.67 (d, 2H, / = 7.09 Hz), 3.60-3.74 (m, 3H), 3.97 (t, 2H, / = 6.60 Hz), 6.22 (s, 2H), 6.71-6.80 (m, IH), 6.96- 7.30 (m, 12H), 7.34-7.40 (m, 2H)

¹³C NMR (67.5 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 13.6, 18.7, 22.2, 30.4, 30.5, 39.3, 43.3,55.2, 55.9, 56.9, 66.8, 113.6,126.2, 127.3, 127.5, 128.2, 128.6, 129.2, 129.4, 130.3, 130.7, 133.0, 135.3, 141.2, 146.1, 150.1, 151.6, 169.7 IR (neat, cm^"1): v 2958, 1751, 1654, 1509,1458, 1345, 1157 ESIMS: m/z at 619 (M⁺+l) Example 9

N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-[4- N-benzylcarbamoylmethyl)phenyll-5-t (-'- butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

(a) 3-[4-(N-Benzylcarbamoylmemyl)phenyl]-5-.^'-?o-butyl-N-tert-butylthio- phene-2-sulfonamide

Benzylamine (17 μL, 0.15 mmol) was added to a mixture of 3-(4- carboxymethylphenyl)-5-t-?o-butyl-N-tert-butyltMophene-2-sulfonamide (50 mg, 0.12 mmol; see Example 3(b) above), EDCI (29.3 mg, 0.15 mmol), HOBT (26 mg, 0.15 mmol) and triethylamine (150 μL, 0.021 mmol) in DMF (2 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate (2.5 mL), ether (7.5 mL) and water (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with dilute hydrochloric acid, aqueous sodium hydroxide (1 M), water and then brine, dried over anhydrous MgS0₄ and concentrated to afford the crude product, which was directly used in the next step.

(b) 3-[4-(N-Benzylcarbamoylmethyl)phenyl]-5-t*s^,o-butylthiophene-2-sulf- onamide Trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) was added to the crude product from step (a) above. Two drops (ca. 0.05 mL) of anisole were then added and the mixture stirred under a N₂ atmosphere for 18 hours at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was evaporated and co-evaporated with acetonitrile to give the crude sub-title compound.

(c) N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3- 4-- N-benzylcarbamoylmethyl phenyl]-5-t*s^,o- butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

The crude product from step (b) above was dissolved in DCM (2 mL).

Pyrrolidinopyridine (2 mg, 0.012 mmol), triethylamine (50 μL, 0.37 mmol) and tz-butyl chloroformate (24 μL, 0.18 mmol) were successively added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature under a N₂ atmosphere. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the residue was purified by preparative LCMS (45%-75% aqueous acetonitrile, 45 min.) to afford the sub-title product as colourless solid (30 mg, 46%). m.p. 52-54°C

1H NMR (270 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 0.86 (t, 3H, J = 7.26 Hz), 0.99 (d, 6H, /-= 6.60 Hz), 1.24 (m, 2H), 1.47 (m, 2H), 1.93 (m, IH), 2.69 (d, 2H, J= 7.26 Hz), 3.56 (s, 2H), 3.99 (d, 2H, J= 6.60 Hz), 4.38 (d, 2H, J= 5.94 Hz), 6.1 (br s, IH), 6.74 (s, IH), 7.18- 7.32 (m, 7H), 7.41 (d, 2H, J= 7.92 Hz) ¹³C NMR (67.5 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 13.6, 18.7, 22.2, 30.4, 39.2, 43.2, 66.7, 127.4, 127.5, 128.6, 129.3, 130.9, 132.9, 135.3, 138.1, 145.9, 150.4, 151.4, 170.8

IR (neat, cm^"1): v 2960, 1746, 1650, 1454, 1345, 1158, 733 ESIMS: m/z at 543.1 (M⁺+l)

Example 10

N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-[4-(N-p-tolylcarbamoylmethyl)phenyl]-5-z.sO- butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

(a) 3-[4-(N- -Tolylcarbamoylmethyl)phenyl1-5-t-?o-butyl-N-tert-butylthio- phene-2-sulfonamide j->-Tolylamine (16.4 mg, 0.15 mmol) was added to a mixture of 3-(4- carboxymethylphenyl)-5-wo-butyl-N-tert-butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide (50 mg, 0.12 mmol; see Example 3(b) above), EDCI (29.3 mg, 0.15 mmol), HOBT (26 mg, 0.15 mmol) and triethylamine (150 μL, 0.021 mmol) in DMF (2 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate (2.5 mL), ether (7.5 mL) and water (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with dilute hydrochloric acid, aqueous sodium hydroxide (1 M), water and then brine, dried over anhydrous MgS0 and concentrated to afford the crude product, which was directly used in the next step.

(b) 3-[4-(N-j9-tolylcarbamoylmethy phenyll-5-røo-bu1ylthioρhene-2-sulfon- amide

Trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) was added to the crude product from step (a) above. Two drops (ca. 0.05 mL) of anisole were then added and the mixture stirred under a Ν₂ atmosphere for 18 hours at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was evaporated and co-evaporated with acetonitrile to give the crude sub-title compound.

(c) N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-[4--fN-j?-tolylcarbamoylmethyl)phenyl]-5-/i.--- butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

The crude product from step (b) above was dissolved in DCM (2 mL). Pyrrolidinopyridine (2 mg, 0.012 mmol), triethylamine (50 μL, 0.37 mmol) and n-butyl chloroformate (24 μL, 0.18 mmol) were successively added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature under a Ν₂ atmosphere. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the residue was purified by preparative LCMS (50%-80% aqueous acetonitrile, 50 min.) to afford the sub-title product as colourless solid (43 mg, 65%). m.p. 71-73°C

1H NMR (270 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 0.71 (t, 3H, J = 7.26 Hz), 0.86 (d, 6H, J = 6.60 Hz), 1.08 (m, 2H), 1.32 (m, 2H), 1.81 (m, IH), 2.14 (s, 3H), 2.57 (d, 2H, J= 6.93 Hz), 3.55 (s, 2H), 3.86 (t, 2H, J= 6.60 Hz), 6.63 (s, IH), 6.93 - (d, 2H, /= 8.25 Hz), 7.13- 7.29 (m, 6H), 7.48 (br s, IH)

¹³C NMR (67.5 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 13.5, 18.7, 22.2, 29.8, 30.3, 30.5, 39.2,

44.1, 66.8, 120.0, 128.5, 129.3, 130.6, 132.9, 133.9, 135.2, 135.3, 146.2,

150.4, 151.6, 169.0

IR (neat, cm^"1): v 3367, 2960, 1748, 1664, 1464, 1353, 1222, 1158, 733 ESIMS: m/z at 543.1 (M⁺ +1) Example 11

N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-[4--fN-hexylcarbamoylmethyl)phenylj-5-t ^,o- butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

(a) 3-r4- N-Hexylcarbamoylmethy phenyl1-5- -.o-bu -N-tert-butylthio- phene-2-sulfonamide

Hexylamine (20 μL, 0.15 mmol) was added to a mixture of 3-(4- carboxymethylphenyl)-5-t-?o-butyl-N-tert-butyltMophene-2-sulfonamide (50 mg, 0.12 mmol; see Example 3(b) above), EDCI (29.3 mg, 0.15 mmol), HOBT (26 mg, 0.15 mmol) and triethylamine (150 μL, 0.021 mmol) in DMF (2 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate (2.5 mL), ether (7.5 mL) and water (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with dilute hydrochloric acid, aqueous sodium hydroxide (1 M), water and brine, dried over anhydrous MgS0₄ and concentrated to afford the crude product, which was directly used in the next step.

(b) 3-[4-(N-Hexylcarbamoylmemyl)phenyl]-5-t-.o-butylthiophene-2-sulfon- amide Trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) was added to the crude product from step (a) above. Two drops (ca. 0.05 mL) of anisole were then added and the mixture stirred under a Ν₂ atmosphere for 18 hours at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was evaporated and co-evaporated with acetonitrile to give the crude sub-title compound.

(c) N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-[4-(N-hexylcarbamoylmethyl phenyl1-5-t-?o- butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

The crude product from step (b) above was dissolved in DCM (2 mL).

Pyrrolidinopyridine (2 mg, 0.012 mmol), triethylamine (50 μL, 0.37 mmol) and n-butyl chloroformate (24 μL, 0.18 mmol) were successively added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature under a N₂ atmosphere. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the residue was purified by preparative LCMS (50%-80% aqueous acetonitrile, 50 min.) to afford the sub-title product as colourless syrup (66 mg, 54%). 1H NMR (270 MHz, CDC1₃): 0.83-0.90 (m, 6H), 0.99 (d, 6H, J= 6.60 Hz), 1.18- 1.32 (m, 8H), 1.38- 1.55 (m, 4H), 1.94 (m, IH), 2.70 (d, 2H, J= 7.26 Hz), 3.19 (q, 2H, J= 6.93 Hz), 3.54 (s, 2H), 4.03 (t, 2H, J= 6.60 Hz), 5.65 (s, IH), 6.75 (s, IH), 7.28 (d, 2H, J= 8.91 Hz), 7.42 (d, 2H, J= 8.25 Hz) ¹³C NMR (67.5 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 13.6, 14.0, 18.7, 22.2, 22.5, 26.5, 29.4, 30.4, 30.5, 32.38, 39.29, 39.81, 43.33, 66.8, 129.32, 130.9, 132.9, 135.6, 146.0, 150.3, 151.44, 170.7

IR (neat, cm^"1): v 2958, 1747, 1650, 1543, 1465, 1346, 1221, 1158, 757 ESIMS: m/z at 537.1 (M⁺+l)

Example 12

N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-[4-(thiazol-2-ylcarbamoylmethyl phenyl]-5-f o- butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

(a) 3-[4-(Thiazol-2-ylcarbamoylmethyl)phenyll-5-t-?o-butyl-N-tert-butyl- thiophene-2-sulfonamide

2-Aminothiazole (15.3 mg, 0.15 mmol) was added to a mixture of 3-(4- carboxymethylphenyl)-5- i^,o-butyl-N-tert-butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide (50 mg, 0.12 mmol; see Example 3(b) above), EDCI (29.3 mg, 0.15 mmol), HOBT (26 mg, 0.15 mmol) and tiiethylamine (150 μL, 0.021 mmol) in DMF (2 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate (2.5 mL), ether (7.5 mL) and water (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with dilute hydrochloric acid, aqueous sodium hydroxide (1 M), water and brine, dried over anhydrous MgS0₄ and concentrated to afford the crude product, which was directly used in the next step. (b) 3-[4-fTMazol-2-ylcarbamoylmeτhvDphenyl]-5-t^c>-butylthiophene-2- sulfonamide

Trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) was added to the crude product from step (a) above. Two drops (ca. 0.05 mL) of anisole were then added and the mixture stirred under a N₂ atmosphere for 18 hours at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was evaporated and co-evaporated with acetonitrile to give the crude sub-title compound.

(c) N-Butyloχycarbonyl-3-[4-(thiazol-2-ylcarbamoylmethyl)phenyl]-5- -?o- butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

The crude product from step (b) above was dissolved in DCM (2 mL).

Pyrrolidinopyridine (2 mg, 0.012 mmol), triethylamine (50 μL, 0.37 mmol) and n-butyl cbloroformate (24 μL, 0.18 mmol) were successively added.

The reaction mixture was stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature under a N₂ atmosphere. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the residue was purified by preparative LCMS (40%-75% aqueous acetonitrile, 45 min.) to afford the sub-title product as colourless solid (65 mg, 54%). m.p. 92-94°C

1H NMR (270 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 0.92 (t, 3H, J = 7.26 Hz), 1.0 (d, 2H, / = 6.60 Hz), 1.35 (m, 2H), 1.63 (m, 2H), 1.95 (m, IH), 2.70 (d, 2H, J= 7.26

Hz), 3.35 (s, 2H), 4.18 (t, 2H, J= 6.93 Hz), 6.72 (s, IH), 6.94- 7.0 (m, 3H),

7.34- 7.39 (m, 3H)

¹³C NMR (67.5 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 13.6, 18.9, 22.3, 30.5, 30.6, 39.2, 42.4,

66.7, 113.3, 129.0, 129.4, 131.2, 133.3, 133.9, 135.9, 145.9, 151.1, 152.0, 158.9, 167.8

IR (neat, cm^"1): v 3279, 2960, 1748, 1700, 1558, 1346, 1160, 733

ESIMS: m/z at 536.0 (M⁺+l)

Anal. Calcd for C₂₄H₂₉N₃O5S₃: C, 53.8; H, 5.5; N, 7.8; Found: C, 53.97; H,

5.60; N, 7.68. Example 13

N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3-f4-(methylcarbamoylmethyl)phenyl]-5-t-.o- butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide

(a) 3-r4-(^'Methylcarbamoylmethv phenyl1-5-t O-butyl-N-tert:-butylthio- phene-2-sulfonamide

To a solution of 3-(4-carboxymethylphenyl)-5-wo-butyl-N-tert- butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide (50 mg, 0.12 mmol; see Example 3(b) above) in DCM (2 mL) was added oxalyl chloride (0.2 mL, 2.0 M in DCM, 0.18 mmol) at 0°C under a Ν atmosphere. After stirring for 1 hour at room temperature, methylamine (0.5 mL, 1 M in DCM, 0.49 mmol) was added at 0°C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, diluted with ethyl acetate (20 mL) and water (2 mL), poured over a short plug of diatomaceous earth packed on a polypropylene column and eluted with ethyl acetate (15 mL). The organic phase was concentrated to afford the crude product, which was directly used in the next step.

(b) 3-[4-(Methylcarbamoylmethyl)phenyl]-5-t-?o-butyltlιiophene-2-sulfon- amide Trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) was added to the crude product from step (a) above. Two drops (ca. 0.05 mL) of anisole were then added and the mixture stirred under a N₂ atmosphere for 18 hours at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was evaporated and co-evaporated with acetonitrile to give the crude sub-title compound.

(c) N-Butyloxycarbonyl-3- 4-(methylcarbamoylmethyl phenyl]-5-^o-butyl- thiophene-2-sulfonamide

The crude product from step (b) above was dissolved in DCM (2 mL).

Pyrrolidinopyridine (2 mg, 0.012 mmol), triethylamine (50 μL, 0.37 mmol) and .t-butyl chloroformate (24 μL, 0.18 mmol) were successively added. The reaction n-ixture was stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature under a N₂ atmosphere. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the residue was purified by preparative LCMS (40%-70% aqueous acetonitrile, 45 min.) to afford the sub-title product as colourless solid (37 mg, 65%). m.p. 50-51°C

1H NMR (270 MHz, CDC1₃): 0.87 (t, 3H, / = 7.26 Hz), 0.99 (d, 6H, / = 6.60 Hz), 1.24 (m, 2H), 1.50 (m, 2H), 1.93 (m, IH), 2.69- 2.73 (m, 5H), 3.55 (s, 2H), 4.02 (t, 2H, J = 6.60 Hz), 5.81 (br s, IH), 6.75 (m, IH), 7.27 (m, 2H), 7.43 (m, 2H). ¹³C NMR (67.5 MHz, CDC1₃): δ 13.6, 18.7, 22.2, 26.5, 30.4, 30.5, 39.3, 43.1, 66.7, 129.3, 129.4, 130.9, 133.0, 135.4, 145.9, 150.4,151.4, 171.6 IR (neat, cm^"1): v 3401, 2960, 1746, 1650, 1465, 1345, 1158, 733 ESIMS: m/z at 467.1 (M⁺+l) Anal. Calcd for C₂₂H₃oN₂0₅S₂: C, 56.63; H, 6.48; N, 6.00; Found: C, 56.4; H, 6.6; N, 5.9.

Example 14

Title compounds of the Examples were tested in Tests A and B above and were found to exhibit an affinity for AT2 receptors of less than Ki = 100 nM (e.g. less than 50 nM). The title compounds of the Examples were found to exhibit an affinity to ATI receptors of more than Ki = 500 nM (e.g. more than 1 μM).

Example 15 Title compounds of the Examples are tested in Test C above and are found to stimulate markedly mucosal alkalisation. This effect is blocked by co- administration of the selective AT2 receptor antagonist PD 123319 (Sigma Chemical Company).

Claims

Claims

1. A compound of formula I,

wherein n represents O or 1;

R^la and R^lb independently represent H, -₆ alkyl, Cι_₆ alkoxy-C]-₆ alkyl, Ar¹, Het¹, Cμ₃ alkyl-(Ar²)„., Cj-₃ alkyl-Het², d.₃ alkoxy-Ar³ or C ₃ alkoxy- Het³, or R^la and R^lb may together form a C₄-₆ alkylene group or a -(CH₂)_m-X-(CH₂)₂- group; m represents, at each occurrence, 1 or 2; Ar , Ar and Ar each independently represent a C₆-ι₀ aryl group, which group is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from =0, -OH, cyano, halo, nitro, Cι-₆ alkyl (optionally terminated by -N(H)C(0)OR^lla), Cι-₆ alkoxy, phenyl, -N(R^12a)R^12b, -C(0)R^12c, -C(0)OR^12d, -C(0)N(R^12e)R^12f, -N(R^12g)C(0)R^12h, -N(R¹²ⁱ)C(0)N(R^12j)R^12k, -N(R^12ra)S(0)₂R^llb, -S(0)_pR^llc, -OS(0)₂R^lld and -S(0)₂N(R¹²ⁿ)R^12p; Het¹, Het² and Het³ each independently represent a four- to twelve- membered heterocyclic group containing one or more heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and/or sulfur, which heterocyclic group is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from =0, -OH, cyano, halo, nitro, Cι-₆ alkyl (optionally terminated by -N(H)C(0)OR^lla), Q-g alkoxy, phenyl, -N(R^12a)R^12b, -C(0)R^12c, -C(0)OR^12d, -C(0)N(R^12e)R 12f

-N(R^12s)C(0)R^12h, -N(R¹²ⁱ)C(0)N(R^12j)R^12k, -N(R^12m)S(0)₂R^llb, -S(0)_pR^llc,

-OS(0)₂R^lld and -S(0)₂N(R¹²ⁿ)R^12p; R^{1 la} to R^lld independently represent Cι-₆ alkyl;

R^12a to R^12p independently represent H or Cι-₆ alkyl; p represents 0, 1 or 2;

X represents O, S or N(R¹³);

R¹³ represents Cι_₄ alkyl; Yj , Y₂, Y₃ and Y independently represent -CH- or -CF-;

Zj represents -CH-, -0-, -S-, -N- or -CH=CH-;

Z₂ represents -CH-, -0-, -S- or-N-; provided that:

(a) Z₁ and Z₂ are not the same; (b) when Z represents -CH=CH-, then Z₂ may only represent -CH- or -N-; and

(c) other than in the specific case in which Z_\ represents -CH=CH-, and Z₂ represents -CH-, when one of Z_\ and Z₂ represents -CH-, then the other represents -O- or -S-; R² represents -S(0)₂N(H)C(0)R⁴, -S(0)₂N(H)S(0)₂R⁴, -C(0)N(H)S(0)₂R⁴, or, when Z_\ represents -CH-CH-, R may represent

-N(H)S(0)₂N(H)C(0)R⁵ or -N(H)C(0)N(H)S(0)₂R⁵;

R represents Cι-₆ alkyl, C_\_₆ alkoxy, Cι-₆ alkoxy-Cι-₆-alkyl or di- -₃- alkylamino-C i -₄-alkyl; R⁴ represents Cι_₆ alkyl, C]_₆ alkoxy, Cι-₆ alkoxy-Cι_₆-alkyl, C^-alkoxy-

Cι-₆-alkoxy, Cι_₆ alkylamino or di-Cι_₆ alkylamino; and

R⁵ represents Cι_₆ alkyl, or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.

2. A compound as claimed in Claim 1, wherein R^la represents H, Cι_₆ alkyl, Ar¹, Het¹ or C₁.₃ alkyl-(Ar²)_m, or together with R^lb represents -(CH₂)_m-X-(CH₂)₂-.

3. A compound as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, wherein Ar¹ represents an optionally substituted phenyl group.

4. A compound as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein Het¹ represents an optionally substituted five- or six-membered heterocyclic group containing one or more nitrogen, oxygen and/or sulfur atoms.

5. A compound as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein Ar² represents an optionally substituted phenyl group.

6. A compound as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein X represents O or S.

7. A compound as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein R^la represents H, -₆ alkyl, phenyl substituted by Cι_₃ alkyl, thiazolyl, benzyl or dibenzyl, or together with R^lb represents -(CH₂)_m-X-(CH₂)₂-.

8. A compound as claimed in Claim 7, wherein R^la represents H, methyl, ethyl, butyl or hexyl, 4-methylphenyl, thiazolyl, benzyl or dibenzyl, or together with R^lb represents -(CH₂)₂-0-(CH₂)₂- or -(CH₂)-S-(CH₂)₂.

9. A compound as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein, R^lb represents H, .g alkyl or -₃ alkyl-(Ar²)_m, or together with R^la represents -(CH₂)_m-X-(CH₂)₂-;

10. A compound as claimed in Claim 9, wherein, R represents H, Cj-₃ alkyl or benzyl, or together with R^la represents -(CH₂)_m-X-(CH₂)₂~.

11. A compound as claimed in Claim 10, wherein, R^lb represents H, methyl, ethyl or benzyl, or together with R^la represents -(CH₂)₂-0-(CH₂)₂- or-(CH₂)-S-(CH₂)₂.

12. A compound as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 6 or 9, wherein, when R^la and R^lb independently represent Cι_₃ alkyl-(Ar²)_m, m represents 1.

13. A compound as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 7, 9, 10 or 12, wherein, when R^la and R^lb together represent -(CH₂)_m-X-(CH₂)₂-, m represents 2.

14. A compound as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 7 or 9 to 13, wherein R^la represents H or Cι_₃ alkyl.

15. A compound as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein R^la represents H or methyl.

16. A compound as claimed in any one of Claims 1 to 10 or 12 or 15, wherein R represents H or Cι_ alkyl.

17. A compound as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein R^lb represents H or methyl.

18. A compound as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein n represents 1.

19. A compound as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein Yi, Y₂, Y₃ and Y all represent -CH-.

20. A compound as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein Z_! represents -S- or -CH=CH-.

21. A compound as claimed in Claim 20 wherein Zi represents -S-.

22. A compound as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein Z₂ represents -CH-.

23. A compound as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein R³ represents n-butyl or wo-butyl.

24. A compound as claimed in Claim 23 wherein R represents wo-butyl.

25. A compound as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein, when R² represents -S(0)₂N(H)C(0)R⁴, -S(0)₂N(H)S(0)₂R⁴ or -C(0)N(H)S(0)₂R⁴, R⁴ represents n-butyl, n-butoxymethyl, tso-butoxy or «-butoxy.

26. A compound as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein R² represents -S(0)₂N(H)C(0)R⁴.

27. A compound as claimed in Claim 26 wherein R⁴ represents n- butoxymethyl, iso-butoxy or n-butoxy.

28. A compound as claimed in any one of Claims 25 to 27 wherein R⁴ represents «-butoxy.

29. A pharmaceutical formulation including a compound as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 28, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier.

30. A compound as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 28, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use as a pharmaceutical.

31. A compound as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 28, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of a condition in which selective agonism of the AT2 receptor is desired and/or required.

32. A compound as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 28, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of a condition in which endogenous production of Angll is deficient.

33. A compound as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 28, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of a condition in which an increase in the effect of Angll is desired or required.

34. A compound as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 28, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatment of a condition where AT2 receptors are expressed and their stimulation is desired or required.

35. The use of a compound as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 28, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a condition in which selective agonism of the AT2 receptor is desired and/or required.

36. The use of a compound as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 28, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a condition in which endogenous production of Angll is deficient.

37. The use of a compound as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 28, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a condition in which an increase in the effect of Angll is desired or required.

38. The use of a compound as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 28, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a condition where AT2 receptors are expressed and their stimulation is desired or required.

39. The use as claimed in any one of Claims 35 to 38, wherein the condition is of the gastrointestinal tract, the cardiovascular system, the respiratory tract, the kidneys, the eyes, the female reproductive (ovulation) system, or the central nervous system.

40. The use as claimed in Claim 39, wherein the condition is oesophagitis, Barrett's oesophagus, a gastric ulcer, a duodenal ulcer, dyspepsia (including non-ulcer dyspepsia), gastro-oesophageal reflux, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, hepatic disorders (including hepatitis), gall bladder disease, multiple organ failure, sepsis, xerostomia, gastritis, gastroparesis, hyperacidity, a disorder of the bilary tract, coelicia, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, diarrhoea, constipation, colic, dysphagia, vomiting, nausea, indigestion, Sjδgren's syndrome, inflammatory disorders, asthma, an obstructive lung disease (including chronic obstructive lung disease), pneumonitis, pulmonary hypertension, adult respiratory distress syndrome, renal failure, nephritis, renal hypertension, diabetic retinopathy, premature retinopathy, retinal microvascularisation, ovulatory dysfunction, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac failure, artherosclerosis, arterial thrombosis, venous thrombosis, endothelial dysfunction, endothelial lesions, post baloon dilatation stenosis, angiogenesis, diabetic complications, microvascular dysfunction, angina, cardiac arrhythmias, claudicatio intermittens, preeclampsia, myocardial infarction, reinfarction, ischaemic lesions, erectile dysfunction, neointima proliferation, cognitive dysfunctions, dysfunctions of food intake (hunger/satiety), thirst, stroke, cerebral bleeding, cerebral embolus, cerebral infarction, hypertrophic disorders, prostate hyperplasia, autoimmune disorders, psoriasis, obesity, neuronal regeneration, an ulcer, adipose tissue hyperplasia, stem cell differentiation and proliferation, cancer, apoptosis, tumours, hypertrophy diabetes, neuronal lesions or organ rejection.

41. The use as claimed in Claim 40, wherein the condition is non-ulcer dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, multiple organ failure, hypertension or cardiac failure.

42. A method of treatment of a condition in which selective agonism of the AT2 receptor is desired and/or required, which method comprises administration of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 28, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, to a person suffering from, or susceptible to, such a condition.

43. A pharmaceutical formulation including a compound as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 28, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an ATI receptor antagonist, in admixture with a pharmaceutically-acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier.

44. A kit of parts comprising components:

(a) a pharmaceutical formulation including a compound as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 28, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in admixture with a pharmaceutically-acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier; and

(b) a pharmaceutical formulation including an ATI receptor antagonist, in admixture with a pharmaceutically-acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier, which components (a) and (b) are each provided in a form that is suitable for administration in conjunction with the other.

45. A pharmaceutical formulation including a compound as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 28, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, in admixture with a pharmaceutically-acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier.

46. A kit of parts comprising components:

(a) a pharmaceutical formulation including a compound as defined in any one of Claims 1 to 28, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in admixture with a pharmaceutically-acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier; and

(b) a pharmaceutical formulation including an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, in admixture with a pharmaceutically-acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier, which components (a) and (b) are each provided in a form that is suitable for administration in conjunction with the other.

47. A process for the preparation of a compound as defined in Claim 1, which comprises: (i) for compounds of formula I in which R² represents -S(0)₂N(H)C(0)R⁴ or -S(0)₂N(H)S(0)₂R⁴, and R⁴ is as defined in Claim 1, reaction of a compound of formula II,

wherein R^la, R^lb, n, Y_l5 Y₂, Y₃, Y₄, Z_l5 Z₂ and R³ are as defined in Claim 1 with a compound of formula III,

R⁴GL ^] III wherein G represents C(O) or S(0)₂ (as appropriate), L¹ represents a suitable leaving group and R⁴ is as defined in Claim 1; (ii) for compounds of formula I in which R² represents -S(0)₂N(H)C(0)R⁴ and R⁴ represents Cj-₆ alkoxy-Cι-₆-alkyl, coupling of a compound of formula II as defined above with a compound of formula IV,

R^4aC0₂H IV wherein R^4a represents -₆ alkoxy-Cι-₆-alkyl; (iii) for compounds of formula I in which R² represents -C(0)N(H)S(0)₂R⁴ and R⁴ is as defined in Claim 1, coupling of a compound of formula V,

wherein R^la, R^lb, n, Y_ls Y₂, Y₃, Y₄, Z_l5 Z₂ and R³ are as defined in Claim 1 with a compound of formula VI,

R⁴S(0)₂NH₂ VI wherein R⁴ is as defined in Claim 1;

(iv) for compounds of formula I in which R² represents -C(0)N(H)S(0)₂R⁴ and R⁴ is as defined in Claim 1, coupling of a compound of formula VII,

wherein R ^a, R , n, Y_l9 Y₂, Y₃, Y₄, Z Z₂ and R are as defined in Claim 1 with a compound of formula VIII,

R⁴S(0)₂C1 VIII wherein R⁴ is as defined in Claim 1 ;

(v) for compounds of formula I in which R² represents

-N(H)S(0)₂N(H)C(0)R⁵ and R⁵ is as defined in Claim 1, reaction of a compound of formula IX,

wherein R^la, R^lb, n, Y Y₂, Y₃, Y₄, Z_h Z₂ and R³ are as defined in Claim 1 with a compound of formula X,

R⁵C(0)N(H)S(0)₂C1 X wherein R⁵ is as defined in Claim 1;

(vi) for compounds of formula I in which R represents -N(H)C(0)N(H)S(0)₂R⁵ and R⁵ is as defined in Claim 1, reaction of a compound of formula IX as defined above with a compound of formula XI,

R⁵S(0)₂N(H)C(0)OR^x XI wherein R^x represents C_1-2 alkyl and R⁵ is as defined in Claim 1 ;

(vii) for compounds of formula I in which R represents -N(H)C(0)N(H)S(0)₂R⁵ and R⁵ is as defined in Claim 1, reaction of a compound of formula IX as defined above with a compound of formula XII,

R⁵S(0)₂NCO XII wherein R⁵ is as defined in Claim 1 ;

(viii) for compounds of formula I in which R² represents -S(0)₂N(H)C(0)R⁴ and R⁴ represents -₆ alkylamino, reaction of a compound of formula II as defined above with a compound of formula XIII,

R^4bNCO XIII I wherein R^4b is Cι_₆ alkyl;

(ix) for compounds of formula I in which R represents -S(0)₂N(H)C(0)R⁴ and R⁴ represents di-C].₆ alkylamino, reaction of a corresponding compound of formula I in which R represents -S(0)₂N(H)C(0)R⁴ and R⁴ represents Cι_₆ alkoxy with a compound of formula XIV,

R^4cN(H)R^4d XIV wherein R^4c and R^4d independently represent C .₆ alkyl; or (x) reaction of a compound of formula XV,

wherein n, Yj, Y₂, Y₃, Y₄, Z_}, Z₂, R² and R³ are as defined in Claim 1 with a compound of formula XVI,

R^laN(H)R^lb XVI wherein R^la and R^lb are as defined in Claim 1.

48. A compound of formula II as defined in Claim 47, provided that n is 1 , or a protected derivative thereof.

49. A compound of formula V as defined in Claim 47 or a protected derivative thereof.

50. A compound of formula VII as defined in Claim 47 or a protected derivative thereof.

51. A compound of formula IX as defined in Claim 47 or a protected derivative thereof

52. A compound of formula XV as defined in Claim 47 or a protected derivative thereof.